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Five methods that are popularly used to teach children how to read are explained below. The reading methods are: i. ii. iii. iv. v. Alphabetic method Phonic method Look and say method Whole sentence approach Language experience approach
Skimming
Skimming means running through the entire article or text quickly without stopping.
Scanning
Scanning is finding something specific in a text. It is used when looking for specific information in any text type.
Main Ideas
The main idea or the topic sentence is the focus of the paragraph, and the details explain the main idea.
Supporting Details
Supporting details explain the main idea or the topic sentence.
Chapter 2:
Fact and Opinion
A fact is a statement that can be proven. An opinion is a view that arises from a persons feelings about a subject or issue.
Make Comparisons
Making comparisons involves identify similarities (compare) and identify differences (contrast).
Predict Outcomes
Good readers become actively engaged in their reading. They often ask themselves questions about what they are reading, try to answer the questions as they go along and make predictions. This type of active reading which engages the readers mind fosters comprehension. The SQ3R System for Reading can guide you in formulating questions about the material you read and improve your reading. S: Survey Survey or preview the material you are about to read. You should note titles, subtitles, illustrations, photographs, tables or charts. Try to get an idea about the material before you start reading . Q: Question As you are surveying, think of questions you have about the material. Consider what you already know about the material and what you would like to learn. Write down your questions. Think how you might answer them . 3R: Read, Recite, Review The first R stands for read. As you read the material, try to find the answers to your questions. The second R stands for recite. When you find the answer to a question, pause and repeat the answer to yourself. You may also write it down. This will help you to remember the answer. The third R stands for review. After you are done reading, go over the material once more. Look for answers to any questions you still have and double-check facts. Reviewing will help you to remember what you read.
The audio-lingual method which was very popular in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the behaviourist theory of learning. Some reading theories in tandem with this belief include:
a. Phonemic Theory
The theory postulates that the English language is phonemically regular. It is also noted that once a child has learned the phonemic elements, he or she can master the pronunciation of the word by putting the letters together to form sounds in blended sequence. Subsequently meaning is attached to the whole word being read.
c. Syntax Program
In discussing keywords system we see the need for providing at least basic knowledge of language structures, in addition to word recognition ability including grammar rules and word usage in given context or situation (forms and functions). As readers make progress in their reading skills, they can be taught how to use syntatic processing means such as use of different word classes or subject-verb agreement rules, to help them understand what they read. These help clarify the relationship between words in sentences. By now, they should know the language rules and understand how these affect meanings of sentences.
Piagets theory of cognitive development and operational stages for example has significant implications in education. Some reading theories in tandem with this belief include:
a. Contextual Analysis
One reads to understand the content of the text or passage. At times we cannot recognise all the words in the text, which we subsequently ignore. Sometimes the unfamiliar word may be important but we can deduce or infer what the word means. The words surrounding an unknown word and the general meanings included in the surrounding text often contain clues to the meaning of the unfamiliar word. The reader therefore has to be guided by the holistic skill of analytical thinking.
READING APPROACHES
Reading approaches are viewed as manner or methods used to enhanced or facilitate reading. Approaches are holistic in manner and general in application.