1

Coordinated Control Strategy for UPQC and Its Verification

Peng Li, Qian Bai, and Gengyin Li, Member, IEEE
capacitor energy storage system.
AbstractThis paper researches profoundly on the coordinated control of UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner). By analyzing the radical reasons of coupling effect between UPQC series unit and shunt unit, a simple and practical coordinated control strategy for UPQC series unit and shunt unit is proposed, i.e. by introducing corresponding voltage corrective link directly to UPQC series unit and shunt unit respectively, and by suitable mode of PWM in addition, the coupling effect between its series unit and shunt unit is eliminated fully. Therefore, the complex degree of the whole UPQC control system is simplified greatly. Combined with a power quality waveform tracking method based on H control, the coordinated control between UPQC series unit and shunt unit is implemented by the proposed strategy. The experimental results indicate that the method can eliminate the steady-state phase shift and amplitude attenuation of the voltage tracking compensation of series unit and the current tracking compensation of shunt unit for UPQC. Finally, the unified power quality multi-function control of UPQC is achieved. Index termsPower quality, Custom Power, UPQC, PWM, Coordinated control
PT1 CB SSB1 A
1 0k V /0.4k V

N o rm al load

PT2

B T1 T2 SSB3

SSB2

S pecial lo ad

C on verter b rid ge 1 DC energ y storag e system C onv erter bridg e 3

C on verter b rid ge 2
A TSC

PPF

CB

T3

UPQC DC load

Fig. 1. Typical main circuit topological structure of UPQC

I. INTRODUCTION

ITH the increase in the complexion of the power distribution system and the loads, it is very possible that several kinds of power quality disturbances are in a distribution system or a power load simultaneously, and it is therefore important to introduce UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner). UPQC is the emerging device of Custom Power, which combines the functions of series voltage compensator, shunts current compensator and energy storage device. Multiple power quality regulation functions are implemented in UPQC simultaneously, with a higher performance ratio. In [1]-[8], several control methods have been applied in UPQC. Fig.1 shows a typical main circuit topological structure of UPQC [9], the inner department of imagined line is UPQC, which is composed by series unit and shunt unit as well as DC storage unit. The series unit has the functions of DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer) and DUPS (Dynamic Uninterruptible Power Supply), while the shunt unit has the functions of SVG (Static Var Generator) and APF (Active Power Filter), and the energy storage unit has the functions of BESS (Battery Energy Storage System) or super

UPQC series unit and shunt unit cannot only operate independently to realize their own functions, but also be unified to realize their synthetic functions. To control the UPQC series unit and shunt unit as a whole, it is necessary to solve its coordinated control to make full use of its great synthetic functions. In view of this, a coordinated control strategy of UPQC series unit and shunt unit is proposed, and its validity is testified. In addition, the controller design of UPQC series unit and shunt unit is based on H model matching technology about power quality waveform tracking compensation, which has been stated in detail in [10]. Besides, other control methods such as deadbeat control also can be applied into the proposed coordinated control strategy to design the synthetic controller of UPQC. II. CONTROL METHOD BASED ON H MODEL MATCHING TECHNOLOGY ABOUT POWER QUALITY WAVEFORM TRACKING COMPENSATION The proposed method is based on H standard control of model matching system that is shown in Fig.2 to design the H optimal controller of power quality. In Fig.2, M is a known ideal model transfer function, which can be elected as the transfer function of general filter; P is a known controlled objectpower quality regulator; K is a controller to be designed. As is shown, is weighting factor, z is controlled output, the measure output is addressed as y=(w-v), external input signal is w, and control signal is u. The H optimal controller K can be conveniently obtained by this H standard control problem. The H optimal control problem is to evaluate a regular real rational controller K, to keep the closed-loop system internally stable and to minimize the H norm of the transfer function matrix Tzw(s), viz.

This work was supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, under Ministry of Education of China (No. 20040079002) and by Ph.D. teacher research fund from North China Electric Power University, China (20041201). The authors are with the Key Laboratory of Power System Protection and Dynamic Security Monitoring and Control under Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, Hebei, P.R.China (Peng Lis e-mail: ncepulp@263.net)

min Tzw (s) = 0

K

(1)

1-4244-0493-2/06/$20.00 2006 IEEE.

2
w G M

r+ -

e=r-v z u

I + u P v

In [10], the compensating current iAPF of UPQC shunt unit is affected by the practical voltage of distributed network connected with the shunt unit, as is shown in Fig.4. Namely, the practical load side voltage at the location B after compensated by UPQC series unit directly influences the compensating current afforded by UPQC shunt unit.
N

us

zs

uDVR
- +

iAPF
APF/SVG

il zL

Fig. 2.

H standard control of model matching system

The typical solving methods are Riccati and LMI. Then the design object can be achieved, which is to choose the controller K and to minimize the track error ||r-v||22 .The control method based on H model matching technology about power quality waveform tracking compensation has been testified successfully in [10]. III. COORDINATED CONTROL STRATEGY OF UPQC SERIES UNIT AND SHUNT UNIT The configuration of UPQC series unit and shunt unit in distribution system is shown in Fig.3, the series unit operated as the controlled voltage source uDVR and the shunt unit as the controlled current source iAPF. UPQC series unit and shunt unit are unified, and then, there are interactions due to the two kinds of coupling between series unit and shunt unit in the main circuit: (1) The interaction between the output voltage compensation of the series unit and the output current compensation of the shunt unit due to their electric connection with the outer distributed line. (2) The interaction between their inverters due to their sharing with the inner DC capacitor of energy storage unit. The coupling interaction between the series unit and the shunt unit increases the complexion of UPQC unified coordinated control. How to solve this problem? An effective method is introduced to control the coupling effect between series unit and shunt unit, which can make the UPQC function unified and diversity, moreover make the control manner simple and independent with each of the units. The control method that can handle the coupling effect between UPQC series unit and shunt unit is addressed next.

N N Fig. 4. Equivalence of the shunt unit in the distribution system considering the series unit

UPQC shunt unit is composed by a voltage source inverter and a filter etc. Its equivalent circuit, as is shown in Fig.5, is obtained by connecting UPQC shunt unit with the Thevenin equivalent of its external circuit. Considering that the source internal impedance Zs is usually small, the equivalent impedance Zeq can be neglected (Zeq0); when uDVR is not acting, equivalent source voltage uequs.
iLP = i APF

uP
-

RP

LP

ueq uS

inverter
Fig. 5. Equivalent circuit of UPQC shunt unit

In Fig.5, the inverter output voltage of UPQC shunt unit is uP, the inverter can be equivalent as an alternating controlled voltage source; the switching loss of inverter and the active loss of the filter and shunt transformer can be equivalent as the resistance RP; and, the summation of the filtering inductance and transformer leakage inductance can be equivalent as LP. Because the filtering inductance current iLP is the compensating current iAPF to be afforded by UPQC shunt unit, then the state space expression of UPQC shunt unit can be addressed as:
. x = Ax + Bu y = Cx

(2)

where, the state variable x = i LP , the control variable

u = [u P u S ] , the output variable y is i APF ,

[ ]

Fig. 3. Configuration of UPQC series unit and shunt unit in distribution system

A. Technology to Solve the Coupling Effect due to the Outer Distributed Line 1) Method to Solve the Effect that the Series Unit acts on the Shunt Unit

1 R A = P B = C = [1] . LP LP Therefore, the ultimate output of UPQC shunt unit is just a controlled current source. In (2), the control variable of UPQC shunt unit state space expression is addressed as u=uP-uS. But, when considering the compensation of UPQC series unit, it will be u= uP-(uS+uDVR), in which a voltage corrective uDVR is added. Then the demanding output voltage of inverter will be:

u P = u + u S + u DVR

(3)

where, u is the optimal control variable obtained by H method, uS is the voltage of distribution system, uDVR is the compensated voltage afforded by UPQC series unit, then the PWM modulating wave uP of inverter can be modulated as pulse group to implement the current tracking compensation of UPQC shunt unit. In the practical application, a voltage transformer is assembled at the location B to detect the voltage uB directly; u= uP-uB can be employed as the control variable of state space expression in UPQC shunt unit, which considers the voltage compensation afforded by UPQC series unit automatically, UPQC shunt unit operates with the practical line voltage where it connected. Therefore, no matter how the compensated voltage that UPQC series unit affords, the shunt unit can always consider the practical compensation of the series unit and operate properly following its own H optimal control way. The effect that the series unit acts on the shunt unit can be eliminated essentially. In short, the technology to solve the effect that series unit acts on the shunt unit can be addressed as: a voltage corrective link, namely a voltage compensated component of UPQC series unit, is introduced in the control signal of UPQC shunt unit, and in the practical application, it can be realized by direct detecting to the voltage at location B of distribution system where UPQC shunt unit connected. It will be testified by simulation experiment next. Under the condition that the voltage and current compensation are simultaneously afforded by UPQC, Fig.6 shows the current tracking compensated result of the shunt unit without considering the series unit compensation. Curve 1 presents the objective harmonic current waveform to be compensated, while curve 2 the practical compensating current tracking waveform of the shunt unit, and there is a relative deviation between these two curves. So, it is necessary to consider the effect of UPQC series unit, and then a voltage corrective should be introduced to the control signal of UPQC shunt unit in order to eliminate the deviation.

waveform to be compensated, curve 2 is the practical compensated current tracking waveform of the shunt unit, and they are matched together. In a word, the current tracking compensation of the shunt unit has a good performance.

Fig. 7. Current tracking compensation of the shunt unit considering the action of series unit (compensate completely)

When the series unit compensates the line voltage partly (namely partly compensates the distorted voltage), the current tracking compensated results are presented in Fig.8. After the partial voltage compensation by the series unit, the voltage uB has not yet become the standard sinusoidal waveform, but even under this condition, the current tracking compensated waveform iAPF shown in Fig. 8 clearly indicates that curve 1(the objective harmonic current waveform to be compensated) and curve 2 (the practical compensated current tracking waveform of the shunt unit) are also matched together, good performance of the shunt unit tracking compensation is also achieved. Therefore, the results indicate that no matter how the compensated voltage that UPQC series unit affords, by introducing corresponding voltage corrective link to the control signal of UPQC shunt unit, UPQC shunt unit can operate properly in its own H optimal control way while considering the compensation of the series unit, and then the effect of the current tracking compensated performance that UPQC series unit acts on shunt unit is eliminated essentially.

Curve 1: objective harmonic current waveform to be compensated. Curve 2: practical compensated current tracking waveform Fig. 6. Current tracking compensation of the shunt unit without considering the action of series unit

Based on the control way of (3), the current tracking compensated result considering the voltage compensation of the series unit is addressed. When the series unit compensates the line voltage completely(namely compensates all the distorted voltage), the current tracking compensated results are presented in Fig.7, where, uA is the distorted voltage at location A in the bus, the standard fundamental wave uB is the load side voltage at location B after compensated by the series unit (reference Fig.3), iAPF is the current tracking compensated waveform of the shunt unit under this condition, curve 1 is the objective harmonic current

Fig. 8. Current tracking compensation of the shunt unit considering the action of series unit (compensate partly)

2) Method to Solve the Effect that UPQC Shunt Unit acts on Series Unit As is shown in Fig.9, UPQC series unit is connected with distribution system in series, so there is a voltage loss on UPQC series unit due to the line current, the filter and the series transformer contribute the main loss, ZT is the leakage impedance of the series transformer.

us

zs

u'DVR

iS
+

zT uDVR
DVR

0 A = 1 L C D D

1 R D LD

0 B= 1 L C D D

C = [1 0]

iAPF
APF

il

zL

Therefore, the ultimate output of UPQC series unit is the controlled voltage source. In (4), the control variable of UPQC series unit state space expression is addressed as:

Fig. 9. Configuration of the series unit in the distribution system considering the action of shunt unit

u = u D R D il L D

dil dt

So, the output voltage of inverter required is addressed as:

The compensated current of UPQC shunt unit affects the line current directly, so a counterpart of the effect that the shunt unit acts on the series unit is the additional voltage loss that line current acts on the filter and the series transformer of UPQC series unit, which can be removed by control method. UPQC series unit is also composed by voltage source inverter and filter etc., its equivalent circuit, as is shown in Fig.10, is obtained by connecting the UPQC series unit with the Norton equivalent of its external circuit. Without considering the effect of UPQC shunt unit, the current of equivalent current source is load current il; considering the effect, it will be practical line current iS of source side compensated by UPQC shunt unit, which is presented in Fig.9. In addition, when considering that the load impedance ZL is great relative larger than the internal impedance of UPQC series unit, the equivalent impedance branch paralleled with the equivalent current source can be ignored.

uD = u + RDil + LD

dil . dt

where, there is no consideration for the compensation of UPQC shunt unit and voltage loss that the line current acts on the series transformer leakage impedance ZT after compensating. When considering the compensation of UPQC shunt unit, the line current flowing through UPQC series unit is the practical source side current iS that distribution source affords to the load after compensating by the shunt unit, as is shown in Fig.9. When considering the voltage loss that the source side current iS acts on the series transformer leakage impedance ZT, the valid compensated voltage by UPQC series unit will be u DVR , where there is a relative deviation between

uDVR and u DVR . u DVR is the ultimate voltage compensation

afforded by UPQC series unit to meet the requirement of the customer. To make up the voltage loss of the series transformer, and to consider the effect that the shunt unit acts on the series unit, the control variable of UPQC series unit should be corrected. In Fig.2, by introducing the voltage loss of the current iS acting on the series transformer leakage impedance to the external input signals of the series unit, the external input signal w will become w, i.e.

Fig. 10. Equivalent circuit of UPQC series unit

In Fig.10, there is no consideration for the series transformer and UPQC shunt unit, uD is the output voltage of inverter, which can be equivalent as a alternating controlled voltage source uD; the switching loss of inverter and the active loss of the filtering segment and shunt transformer can be equivalent as the resistance RD; LD is the filtering inductance; and CD is the filtering capacitance. The capacitance voltage uDVR of the filtering segment is the compensation voltage afforded by UPQC series unit, and then the state space expression of UPQC series unit can be addressed as: . x = Ax + Bu (4) y = Cx

w = w + LT

di s dt

(5)

where, the leakage inductance LT of the series transformer is considered, while its resistance ignored. Considering the new referenced input signal w, and following the H model matching control method, the new H optimal control variable u can be obtained. And

u = u D RD i s LD

di s dt

Then, the output voltage of the inverter in the series unit will be:

u D = u + RD i s + LD

u x1 DVR where, state variable x = = du DVR , the control x2 dt

variable u = u = uD RDil LD

[]

y = [x1 ] = [u DVR ]

dil , the output variable dt

where, u is the optimal control variable obtained by H control method; the others are the voltage corrective, which is the voltage loss that the source side current iS acts on the filter considering the compensation of UPQC shunt unit. By adding the voltage loss that iS acts on the leakage inductance LT of series transformer to (5), and introducing the voltage loss that iS acts on the filtering impedance to (6), the voltage compensated deviation of the series unit can be removed, and

di s dt

(6)

the ultimate voltage on line compensated by UPQC series unit can be parallel with the object voltage without steady state amplitude attenuation and phase shift. And then, the PWM modulating wave uD of the inverter is modulated as the pulse group to realize the voltage tracking compensation of UPQC series unit. In (5) and (6), the voltage corrective includes the source side current iS, which is the line current after the shunt unit compensating the load, so the effect of the shunt unit is considered automatically. Therefore, no matter how the compensated current that UPQC shunt unit affords, the series unit can always consider the practical compensation of the shunt unit and operate properly following its own H optimal control way. The effect that the shunt unit acts on the series unit can be eliminated essentially. In short, the technology to solve the effect that shunt unit acts on the series unit can be addressed as: after compensating by the shunt unit, an additional voltage loss that the source side current acts on the internal impedance of series unit as a corrective link is introduced to the control signal of UPQC series unit. And in the practical application, it can be realized by direct detecting to the source side current iS. It will be testified by simulation experiment next. Under the condition of UPQC series unit and shunt unit working simultaneously, Fig.11 shows the voltage compensated result of the series unit without considering the effect of the shunt unit. Where, uA is the distorted voltage at location A in the bus, uB is the load side voltage at location B compensated by the series unit, iS is the source side current compensated by the shunt unit. After compensating by the series unit, uB is not the standard sine-wave voltage yet. The deviation comes from the voltage loss that the source side current iS acts on the internal impedance of the series unit, which not only causes fundamental wave voltage loss, but also leads to the voltage distortion when the harmonic current components is not eliminated completely (some parts of harmonics contained in iS), which is shown in Fig.11.

completely (namely compensates all the fundamental reactive power and the harmonic current), the voltage tracking compensation results of series unit are presented in Fig.12. Where, uA is the distorted voltage at location A in the bus, uB is the load side voltage at location B compensated by the series unit, the source side current iS becomes the fundamental pure active current by the complete compensation of shunt unit, u is the H optimal control variable of the series unit under this condition. Therefore, UPQC series unit now can compensate uB to become the standard sine-wave voltage.

Fig. 12. Voltage tracking compensation of the series unit considering the action of shunt unit (compensate completely)

When the shunt unit partial compensates the load current (namely compensates the fundamental reactive power and the harmonic current partly), the voltage tracking compensation results of the series unit are presented in Fig.13. Where, uA is the distorted voltage at location A in the bus, uB is the load side voltage at location B compensated by the series unit, the source side current iS still includes some component of the fundamental reactive power and harmonic current after being compensated by the shunt unit (as is shown in Fig.13), u is the H optimal control variable of the series unit under this condition. As is shown, UPQC series unit also can compensate uB to become the standard sine-wave voltage.

Fig. 11. Voltage tracking compensation of the series unit without considering the action of shunt unit

Fig. 13. Voltage tracking compensation of the series unit considering the action of shunt unit (compensate partly)

Therefore, it is necessary to consider the current compensation of UPQC shunt unit, following (5) and (6), a voltage loss correction is introduced to the control signal of UPQC series unit, and then the load side voltage at location B will become standard fundamental sine-wave voltage. The results are presented in Fig.12 and Fig.13 next. When the shunt unit compensates the load current

As is presented in Fig.12 and Fig.13, under the different conditions of completed and partial current compensation to the shunt unit, for compensating the load side voltage at location B as standard fundamental wave, the demanded H optimal control variable u of the series unit is different. The simulation results indicate that whatever the compensated current that UPQC shunt unit affords, by introducing corresponding voltage loss corrective link to the control signal

of UPQC series unit, UPQC series unit can follow its own H optimal control way to operate properly while considering the compensation of the shunt unit, and then the effect of the voltage tracking compensated performance that UPQC shunt unit acts on series unit is eliminated essentially. In general, by introducing a voltage corrective link considering the voltage compensation of the series unit to the control signal of the shunt unit, and an additional voltage loss corrective link that the source side current acts on the series unit internal impedance considering the compensation of the shunt unit to the control signal of the series unit, in another word, the voltage compensation of UPQC series unit and the current compensation of the shunt unit feedback to the control system of the other unit respectively, each unit can get the others real-time operating conditions. Thus, no matter how the compensated voltage that the series unit affords and the current that the shunt unit affords, UPQC series unit and shunt unit can respectively follow their own H optimal control way to operate properly while considering the working condition of each other. Based on the proposed control strategy, the interaction due to the coupling of the external distributed line between the series unit and the shunt unit can be eliminated; UPQC series unit and shunt unit can operate coordinately, and the synthetic performance of ideal voltage and current tracking compensation can be realized simultaneously. B. Technology to Eliminate the Coupling Effect that Internal DC Capacitor Acts on the Series and Shunt Units. To assure that the compensation output of UPQC series unit and shunt unit varies from negative to positive alternatively, the DC capacitance voltage of energy storage unit should be greater than the peak value of the network voltage. If DC capacitance voltage is great larger than the peak value of the network voltage, then there is a greater tracking ability of PWM waveform, and a better compensated performance, but the maximum value of the capacitance voltage is limited by the capacitor pressurization and the IGBT pressurization, so the capacitance voltage is designed at a proper value that greater than the peak value of the network voltage to assure the inverter operating right. DC capacitance voltage is affected by the inverter PWM modulation of the series unit and shunt unit, while the output of the inverter is also affected by the DC capacitance voltage fluctuation, and this is another coupling effect cause of UPQC series unit and shunt unit due to their sharing with the same inner DC capacitor. By electing proper PWM control method, the limit of the capacitance voltage fluctuation can be released. So, the PWM control method of impulse equivalent principle is proposed, as is shown in Fig.14. The switching frequency of UPQC inverter is fK, the switching period TK can be obtained by fK. For TK is much smaller than the period of the objective variable to be compensated, so the sampling value un of the inverter modulating wave uDP can be considered to be approximately constant in every switching period, then based on the impulse equivalent principle, the integral area of the capacitance voltage Uc and un is equivalent to each other at the corresponding slot, which is presented in Fig.14, i.e.

Uc: DC capacitance voltage uDP: Inverter modulating wave of the series and shunt units un: Sampling value of uDP at time n tn: Time breadth of nth impulse TK: Switching period of the inverter Fig. 14. PWM control method of impulse equivalent principle

u n TK = U c t n
The time breadth of impulse n can be addressed as:

tn =

un Uc

TK

(7)

Then, by the sampling value of the inverter modulating wave uDP in the series and shunt units obtained previously and from (7), the inverter switching control variable, PWM impulse group, of UPQC series and shunt units can be got. As is presented in (7), the impulse breadth tn is related to the capacitance voltage Uc. To eliminate the effect that the fluctuation of the capacitance voltage acts on tn, while the modulating wave being sampled to obtain un, the capacitance voltage Uc is also sampled, and then the PWM impulse group obtained from (7) will not be affected by the fluctuation of capacitance voltage Uc, so the coupling effect of UPQC series unit and shunt unit due to their sharing with the same inner DC capacitor can be eliminated essentially, and the PWM control has a good accuracy when the inverter of UPQC series unit and shunt unit working simultaneously. PWM control results of voltage and current waveform tracking compensation in the series and shunt units are presented in Fig.15, which indicates that the voltage and current tracking waveform can follow their own ideal waveform respectively after PWM control.

a. Voltage waveform

b. Current waveform Curve 1: ideal compensated waveform Curve 2: compensated waveform after PWM control Fig. 15. PWM control results of voltage and current waveform tracking compensation in the series and shunt units

IV. SYNTHETIC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT TRACKING COMPENSATED RESULTS OF UPQC The coupling effect between UPQC series unit and shunt unit has been eliminated by the proposed coordinated control strategy successfully, their own required compensated performance and control accuracy can be realized simultaneously when operating together. A group of synthetic voltage and current tracking compensated results of UPQC is addressed in Fig.16. Where, uA is the source side voltage at location A in the bus, which not only has voltage sag (30%) but also contains distorted components of harmonic voltage; il is the load current with fundamental reactive and harmonic components etc.

Fig. 17b. Voltage spectrum before compensating

The voltage after compensating is presented in Fig. 18, the distortion factor is less than 1%. Therefore, the ability of compensating harmonic voltage dynamically in UPQC series unit is realized.

Fig. 18a. Voltage after Compensating

Fig.16. Synthetic voltage and current tracking compensated results of UPQC

After the synthetic compensation of UPQC series unit and shunt unit, the load side voltage uB at location B has become the fundamental sine voltage with rated amplitude, the phase of uB is the same as the fundamental phase of uA, furthermore the voltage sag and voltage distorted components are compensated; meanwhile, the source side current iS is compensated to become the fundamental pure active current with the same phase as uB, and the fundamental reactive and harmonic current components are compensated. In another word, there is a good performance of the synthetic voltage and current tracking compensation in UPQC. V. SYNTHETIC EXPERIMENT RESULTS OF UPQC

Fig. 18b. Voltage spectrum after compensating

A. Voltage Dynamic Compensated Experiment of UPQC Series Unit It is the source voltage contained harmonic component to be compensated in the experiment. The voltage with harmonic component before compensating is presented in Fig.17, the distortion factor is 7%. (Each box of the vertical coordinates is 100V in figure a).

B. Current Dynamic Compensated Experiment of UPQC Shunt Unit It is the charging load contained harmonic current source to be compensated in the experiment. The current with harmonic component before compensating is presented in Fig.19, the distortion factor is 21%; the current after compensating with the distortion factor less than 3% is presented in Fig.20, and the fundamental reactive current is compensated dynamically with the power factor equal to 0.98 (lagging). Therefore, the functions of APF and SVG in UPQC shunt unit are realized. (Each box of the vertical coordinates is 30A in figure a).

Fig. 19a. Current with harmonic component before compensating Fig. 17a. Voltage with harmonic component before compensating

an ideal pure power source with high reliability and premium quality for power customer and those customers with pollution source will become qualified customers to the distribution system.

VII. REFERENCES
[1] H. Fujita, H. Akagi. The Unified Power Quality Conditioner: The Integration of Series- and Shunt-Active Filters, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol.13, no.2, pp.315-322, 1998. [2] Dusan Graovac, Vladimir Katic, Alfred Rufer. Power Quality Compensation Using Universal Power Quality Conditioning System. IEEE Power Engineering Review, December, 2000:58-60. [3] Arindam Ghosh, Gerard Ledwich. A Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) for Simultaneous Voltage and Current Compensation. Electric Power Systems Research, 2001, 59(1): 55-63. [4] Wan Jianru, Pei Wei, Zhang Guoxiang. Research on Synchronization Deadbeat Control Algorithm for Unified Power Quality Conditioner. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(13): 63-67. [5] Zhang Xiujuan, Jiang Qirong, Han Yingduo. A Novel Single Phase Unified Power Quality Conditioner. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2004, 28(23): 76-80. [6] Farrukh Kamran, Thomas G. Habetler. Combined Deadbeat Control of a Series-Parallel Converter Combination Used as a Universal Power Filter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, January 1998, 13(1): 160-168. [7] L. H. Tey, P. L. So, Y. C. Chu. Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Improving Power Quality Using ANN with Hysteresis Control. 2004 International Conference on Power System Technology, Singapore, 21-24 November 2004. [8] Malabike Basu, S. P. Das, Gopal K. Dubey. Experimental Investigation of Performance of a Single Phase UPQC for Voltage Sensitive and Non-linear Loads. IEEE Peds 2001-Indonesia, 2001:218-222. [9] Peng Li, Qian Bai, Baoli Zhao, Yihan Yang. Power Quality Control Center and Its Control Method. 2005 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference & Exhibition: Asia and Pacific. Dalian, China. 14-18 August, 2005. [10] Li Peng, Li Heming, Wei Bing, Yang Yihan. A Novel Control Method of Power Quality Waveform Tracking Compensation Based on H-Infinity Model Matching Technology. 2004 International Conference on Power System Technology, Singapore, 21-24 November 2004.

Fig. 19b. Current spectrum before compensating

Fig. 20a. Current after compensating

VIII. BIOGRAPHY
Fig. 20b. Current spectrum after compensating

VI. CONCLUSIONS By analyzing the radical reasons of coupling effect between UPQC series unit and shunt unit, a simple and practical coordinated control strategy for UPQC series unit and shunt unit is proposed, i.e. by introducing corresponding voltage corrective link directly to UPQC series unit and shunt unit respectively, and by suitable mode of PWM in addition, the coupling effect between its series unit and shunt unit is eliminated fully. Therefore, the complex degree of the whole UPQC control system is simplified greatly. Combined with a waveform tracking control method based on H model matching technology about power quality, the coordinated control between UPQC series unit and shunt unit is implemented through the proposed strategy. The experimental results indicate that the method can eliminate the steady-state phase shift and amplitude attenuation of the voltage tracking compensation of series unit and the current tracking compensation of shunt unit for UPQC. Finally, the unified power quality multi-function control of UPQC is achieved. By the application of UPQC, the distribution network will become

Peng Li was born in Baoding, Hebei Province, China, in 1965. He graduated from North China Electric Power University in 1988. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in 2004. He is now an associate professor. He mainly specializes in power quality analysis and control, power electronics technology application in power system, distributed generation, research on the advanced control theory and digital signal process etc. His E-mail is ncepulp@263.net. Qian Bai was born in Baoding, Hebei, China, in 1982. Since 2004, Miss Bai has been a postgraduate in Electric Engineering at North China Electric Power University. She majors in analysis and control of power quality, application of power electronics. E-mail: teatoyou@126.com.

Gengyin Li (M03) was born in Hebei Province, China. He received the B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees, all in Electrical Engineering, from North China Electric Power University (NCEPU) in 1984, 1987 and 1996, respectively. Since 1987, Dr. Li has been with the Department of Electrical Engineering at NCEPU, where he is currently a professor and deputy head of the Department. His research interests include electricity markets, power quality, analysis and control of power systems, and new transmission and distribution technologies. E-mail: ligy@ncepu.edu.cn.