Hexion

Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins
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Table of Contents
Preface Laminating resin systems

Laminating resin systems with approval: German Federal Aviation Authority Laminating resin L 160 Laminating resin L 285 Laminating resin L 335 Laminating resin L 418 Laminating resin systems with approval: German Lloyd Laminating resin L 135 Laminating resin L 235 Further systems Laminating resin L 326 Laminating resin L 305 1 1.1
1.2
1.3
Infusion resin systems

Infusion resin systems with approval: German LLoyd Infusion resin RIM 135 (L 135i) Infusion resin RIM 235 Further systems Infusion resin RIM 180 Infusion resin RIM 235 / RIMH233 Infusion resin RIM 426 Infusion resin RIM 935
2 2.1
2.2
Mould resin systems

Gelcoats for mould building Tooling gelcoat F 260 Tooling gelcoat F 280 Tooling gelcoat F 300 Tooling gelcoat F 350 Tooling gelcoat F 900
HEXION SPECIALTY CHEMICALS MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, CONCERNING ANY PRODUCT OR THE MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS THEREOF FOR ANY PURPOSE OR CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED BY HEXION SPECIALTY CHEMICALS, except that the product shall conform to contracted specifications, and that the product does not infringe any valid United States patent. The information provided herein was believed by Hexion Specialty Chemicals to be accurate at the time of preparation or prepared from sources believed to be reliable, but it is the responsibility of the user to investigate and understand other pertinent sources of information, to comply with all laws and procedures applicable to the safe handling and use of the product and to determine the suitability of the product for its intended use. May, 2006
Am Ostkai 21/22 70327 Stuttgart Germany Phone: +49 (0) 711 - 3 89 80 00 Fax: +49 (0) 711 - 3 89 80 011 www.hexionchem.com
August, 2006
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Table of Contents
Adhesive systems
Adhesive systems with approval: German Lloyd Adhesive L 135/K - series Paste 135/G Paste 235/K Paste 235/G Further systems Paste 20 Paste 50
4 4.1
4.2
Gelcoats
Polyester resins based gelcoats (UP) UP-Gelcoat T 30 UP-Gelcoat T 35 Polyurethan resin based gelcoats (PU) Gelcoat Gel 10 Gelcoat Gel 20 Epoxy resin based gelcoats (EP) Gelcoat EP 100 Gelcoat EP 732
5 5.1
5.2
5.3
Special products
Flame retardant resin EP 240 F Flame retardant resin L 940 Foam resins Flexibilisator V 51
General Sales Conditions
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Preface
HEXION Speciality Chemicals Stuttgart GmbH (former MGS) - Our Company
HEXION Speciality Chemicals Stuttgart GmbH specialist in liquid synthetic resin systems HEXION Speciality Chemicals Stuttgart was founded in Stuttgart, Germany in 1978 as MGS Liquid Synthetic Resins. Now part of the international HEXION corporation, HEXION Stuttgart has progressed from being a small producer of synthetic resins to become a leading provider of advanced composite technology worldwide. HEXION Stuttgart is a systems supplier of liquid synthetic resins based on Epoxy chemistry. Having a wealth engineering knowledge based on many years of experience, our aim is to be more than just a supplier; we are technological partners. Together with our customers we develop new innovative products for the manufacture of yachts and boats, rotor blades for wind turbines, small aircraft and others. Our resin systems are as diverse as our customers requirements: - Safe and extremely lightweight for the aircraft manufacturer. - Optimised to meet the industrial production requirements of large, highly loaded structures for the rotor blade producer. - By skilfully combining technology with design, boat builders are realising their dreams.
HEXION - generally
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Preface Our core competence and positioning in the market is the implementation of our technology in each application. To develop innovative products with exceptional material and processing properties. HEXION Stuttgart has set the benchmark in the development of resin systems for the latest generation of products and applications. With our new state-of-the-art products, incorporating the latest technology, we are actively shaping the future of the advanced composites industry. Research and development is supported through participation in both national and international research programmes and our incorporation in Hexion research. The HEXION Guarantee We guarantee every product we have developed and produced. All products manufactured under the registered MGS-brand are subject to stringent quality guidelines, assured by the use of latest generation production and monitoring technologies. Product Support Whether it is an one-off motor yacht, a glider aircraft or a production rotor blade for wind turbines our experienced application engineers offer comprehensive support. They have extensive understanding of customer specific problems from choosing the right materials and most suitable processing method to the end product application. Our close customer relationship and hands-on experience provides us with detailed information on product and processing requirements. We develop individual, cost effective solutions in close co-operation with our customers. Flexibility and Security With over 30 employees, we are a dynamic company with efficient decision-making and great flexibility. Our integration in the strong HEXION corporation provides security without restricting our freedom. Customer oriented logistics system We are particularly strong in our customer oriented logistics system. This allows us quick response times to customers requirements and offers a high degree of flexibility in supplying our products. At strategically important locations on all continents, we maintain sufficient stock to ensure a quick, reliable supply to our customers. With the introduction of mobile storage tanks, we have developed a service oriented and environmentally friendly solution to the disposal problem particularly with larger orders.
Our Mission
August, 2006
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Laminating resin MGS L 160

Hardeners MGS 160, 163, 260 S
Characteristics Application Processing details Specifications Mixing ratios Gel time Temperature development DMA Glass transition temperature (TG)DSC Development of TG Mechanical data page 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 8
Content
Characteristics
Approval German Federal Aviation Authority
Application
manufacturing of gliders, motor gliders and motor planes, boat and shipbuilding, sports equipment, model airplanes, moulds and tools -60 C up to +50 C (-76 F up to 122 F) without heat treatment -60 C bis +80 C (-76 F up to 176 F) after heat treatment
Operational temperature
Processing
at temperatures between 10 C and 50 C ( 50 - 122 F)
Features
low mixed viscosity pot life from approx. 45 min. to approx. 5 h good mechanic properties high heat resistance
Storage
shelf life of 24 months in originally sealed containers
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Laminating resin MGS L 160
1.1 - 2
Laminating resin system approved by the German Federal Aviation Authority, with different pot lives for processing of glass, carbon and aramide fibres, featuring high static and dynamic loadability. After heat treatment at 50-55 C (122-131 F), the system meets the standards for gliders and motor gliders (operational temperatures -60 C (-76 F) to +54C (130 F). In order to meet the standards for motor planes (operational temperatures -60 C (-76 F) to +72 C (162 F), heat treatment at 80 C (176 F) is necessary. The range of pot lives is between approx. 45 min. and 4 - 5 h. After initial curing at room temperature, the components manufactured with hardener 160 are workable and demouldable. Hardeners 163 and 260 S stay brittle after initial curing at room temperature. Before processing or demoulding it is necessary to postcure in the mould 1-2 hours at 40-50C (104-122 F). You will receive high-gloss and non-tacky surfaces, even with unfavourable initial curing conditions, such as lower temperatures or high humidities. The mixing viscosity is very low - for this reason these combinations are also applicable for injection and pultrusion. When laminating manually at vertical surfaces, the resin can spill out of the fabrics, especially when using wide-mesh fabrics. For such cases we would recommend the application of laminating resin L 160 T. The laminating resin system does not contain any unreactive components. All raw materials and additives feature a very low vapour pressure, therefore the material can be processed under vacuum even at elevated temperatures. In connection with these properties, we do not expect any problems concerning compatibility in case of combination with polyester gelcoats, diverse paints (e. g. on the basis of PUR etc.) However, comprehensive tests are indispensable. Although our resin systems are very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15 - 30 C (59-86 F) and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. Crystallization is visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. If crystallisation of either component should be observed, it can removed by warming up. Slow warming up to approx. 50 C-60 C (122 F-140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, gas mask). The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed.
Application
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Laminating resin L 160 Density Viscosity E p o xyequivalent E p o xyvalue Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g] 1,13 - 1,17 700 - 900 166 - 182 0,55 - 0,60 1,5480 - 1,5530
Specifications
Hardener 160 Density Viscosity Amine value Refrectory index [g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g] 0,96 - 1,00 10 - 50 550 - 650 1,5200 - 1,5210
Hardener 163 0,94 - 0,97 10 - 60 520 - 580 1,5108 - 1,5115
Hardener 260 S 0,93 - 0,97 80 - 100 450 - 500 1,4980 - 1,4985
Measuring conditions: measured at 25 C / 77 F
Laminating resin L 160 Average EP Value 0,57
Processing details
Hardener 160 Average amine equivalent 44
Hardener 161 47
Hardener 162 48
Hardener 163 49
Hardener 260 S 62
Hardener 160 A average amine equivalent 49
Hardener 161 A 52
Hardener 162 A 52
Hardener 163 A 61
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Processing time Hardener 100g/20 C (68 F) 160 161 162 163 260 S 160 A 161 A 162 A 163 A app.1 h app.1,5-2 h app.2-2,5 h app.3-3,5 h app. 5 h app. 1 h app.1,5-2 h app.2-2,5 h app.3-3,5 h
Mixture ratio Parts by weight 100:25 100:26 100:27 100:28 100:36 100:28 100:30 100:30 100:35 Parts by volume 100:30 100:31 100:33 100:34 100:43 100:32 100:35 100:35 100:40
Workable after initial curing at room temperature yes yes yes brittle no yes yes yes no
Composition weight % Hardener 160 100 80 70 60 0 Hardener 260 S 0 20 30 40 100
Mixing ratios
on request on request on request on request on request on request on request on request
Other prereacted hardeners can be supplied as well as mixtures of Hardeners 160 and 260 S. They are labeled with an A (e. g. Hardener 160 A) These hardeners are characterized by a higher viscosity and are therefore especially suited to the lamination of vertical surfaces. The mixing ratio stated must be observed carefully. Adding more or less hardener will not result in a faster or slower cure, but in incomplete curing with limited performance, that can not be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must be mixed carefully. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. Special attention must be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container.
August, 2006
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[F] [C] Temperature 482 250 Hardener 160 392 200 302 150 212 100 122 32
50 0 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00
Temperature development
Hardener 161 Hardener 162 Hardener 163
Hardener 260 S
Sample preparation 100 g / 20 C (68 F)
Time [h]
The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 40 C. Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. An increase in temperature of 10 C will halve the pot life. Water (for example very high humidity or contained in fabrics or fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin / hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities dring processing have no significant effect on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
Laminating resin L 160 Hardener 160 68 - 77 F 20 - 25 C 104 - 113 F 40 - 45 C app. 3 - 4 h app. 1 h Hardener 163 app. 5 - 6 h app. 1 h /40 min Hardener 260 S app. 6 - 7 h app. 2 h
Gel time
Film thickness 1 mm at different temperatures
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DMA - TG (peak) tan delta laminating resin L 160 with hardener 163 measuring after heat treatment E Storage Modulus [MPa]
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan d
Onset 76,2 C E(1 Hz)
Peak 88,3 C
1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60
Heat treatment: 15 h 50 C/122 F tan d (1 Hz)
0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20
[C] [F]
20 68
40 104
60 140
80 176
100 212
120 248
140 284
160 320
180 356
200 392
E Storage Modulus [MPa]

3500 3000 2500 2000
tan d
1,20 1,00
E(1 Hz) Onset 110,2 C
Peak 126,1 C
0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20
Heat treatment: 1500 Sample preparation 5 h 160 C/320 F 1000curing: 24 h at 20-25 C (70-80F) Initial
500 0
tan d (1 Hz)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
[C] [F]
200
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356
392
Measurment conditions Coupon thickness: 2 mm Heating rate: 2 K/min Frequency: 1 Hz
L 160 with Hardener 160 unconditioned conditioned 75 - 80 C 167-176 F 65 - 70 C 149-158 F
L 160 with Hardener 163 85 - 90 C 185-194 F 80 - 85 C 176-185 F
L 160 with Hardener 260 S 90 - 95 C 194-203 F 85 - 95 C 185-203 F
Glass transition temperature (TG) DSC
Sample preparation Conditioned at 40 C (104 F) 90 % rel. humidity

HEXION SPECIALTY CHEMICALS MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, CONCERNING ANY PRODUCT OR THE MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS THEREOF FOR ANY PURPOSE OR CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED BY HEXION SPECIALTY CHEMICALS, except that the product shall conform to contracted specifications, and that the product does not infringe any valid United States patent. The information provided herein was believed by Hexion Specialty Chemicals to be accurate at the time of preparation or prepared from sources believed to be reliable, but it is the responsibility of the user to investigate and understand other pertinent sources of information, to comply with all laws and procedures applicable to the safe handling and use of the product and to determine the suitability of the product for its intended use. May, 2006 Am Ostkai 21/22 70327 Stuttgart Germany Phone: +49 (0) 711 - 3 89 80 00 Fax: +49 (0) 711 - 3 89 80 011 www.hexionchem.com
August, 2006
1.1 - 7
Laminating resin L 160 Hardener 160 [F] 266 248 230 212 194 176 158 140 122 [C] TG3
130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 0 5 10 15 20 25
Development of TG
Heat treatment 100 C/ 212 F Heat treatment 60 C/ 140 F Heat treatment 80 C/ 176 F
Heat treatment 50 C/ 122 F
Time [h] Laminating resin L 160 Hardener 163 [F] [C] TG3
266 130 248 120 230 110 212 100 194 176 158 140 122
90 80 70 60 50 0 5 10 15 20 25
Heat treatment 100 C/ 212 F Heat treatment 80 C/ 176 F Heat treatment 60 C/ 140 F Heat treatment 50 C/ 122 F
Laminating resin L 160 Hardener 260 S [F] [C] TG3
Time [h]
266 130 248 120 230 110 212 100 194 176 158 140 122
90 80 70 60 50 0 5 10
Heat treatment 100 C/ 212 F Heat treatment 80 C/ 176 F Heat treatment 60 C/ 140 F Heat treatment 50 C/ 122 F
15
20
25
Sample preparation Initial curing before heat treatment 24 h at room temperature
Time [h]
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Mechanical data of neat resin Density Flexural strength Modulus of elasticity Tensile strength Compressive strength Elongation at break Impact strength Water absorption at 23C Fatigue strength under reversed bending stresses acc. to DLR Brunsw. [g/cm] [N/mm] [kN/mm] [N/mm] [N/mm] [%] [KJ/m] 24 h [%] 7 d [%] 10 % 90 % 1,18 - 1,20 110 - 140 3,2 - 3,5 70 - 80 80 - 100 5,0 - 6,5 40 - 50 0,10 - 0,20 0,20 - 0,50 > 1 X 106 > 2 X 106
Mechanical data
Curing: 24 h at 23 C (74F) + 15 h at 60 C (140 F) Typical data according to WL 5.3203 Parts 1 and 2 of the German Aviation Materials Manual.
Advice: Mechanical data are typical for the combination of laminating resin L 160 with hardener 160. Data can differ in other applications.
August, 2006
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Data of reinforced resin Static tests in standard climate

GRC Glass fibre [N/mm] 510 - 560 CRC Carbon fibre 720 - 770 SR C Aramide fibre 350 - 380
Mechanical data
Reinforced with Flexural strength Tensile strength Compressive strength Interlaminar shear strength Modulus of elasticity
[N/mm]
460 - 500
510 - 550
400 - 480
[N/mm2]
410 - 440
460 - 510
140 - 160
[N/mm]
42 - 46
47 - 55
29 - 34
[kN/mm]
20 - 24
40 - 45
16 - 19
GRC samples: 16 layers of glass fabric, 8H satin, 296 g/m (8.7 oz/sq.yd.), 4 mm (0.16 in) thick CRC samples: 8 layers of carbon fabric, plain, 200 g/m2 (5.9 oz/sq.yd.) 2 mm (0.08 in) thick SRC samples: 15 layers of aramide fabric, 4H satin, 170 g/m2 (5.0 oz/sq.yd.), 4 mm (0.16 in) thick Fibre content of samples during processing/testing: 40 - 45 vol% Data calculated for fibre content of 43 vol% Typical data according to WL 5.3203 Parts 1 and 2 of the GERMAN AVIATION MATERIALS MANUAL
Measuring conditions: Curing: 24 h at 23 C (74 F) + 15 h at 80 C (176 F)
August, 2006
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EPIKOTETM Resin MGS L 285

EPIKURETM Curing Agent MGS H 285, 286, 287
Characteristics Application Specification Processing details Mixing ratios Temperaturedevelopment Gel time DMA TG conditioned Development of TG Mechanical data page 10 11 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 16
Content
Characteristics
Application
production of gliders, motor gliders and motor planes, boat and shipbuilding, sports equipment, model airplanes, moulds and tools -60 C up to +50 C (-76 F up to 122 F) without heat treatment -60 C up to +80 C (-76 F up to 176 F) after heat treatment at temperatures between 10 C and 50 C (50-122 F) all usual processing methods extremly good physiological compatibility, good mechanic and thermic properties, pot life of approx. 45 min. to approx. 4 hours L 285 T: L 285 W: thixotropic white
Processing
Features
Special modifications
Storage
shelf life of 24 month in originally sealed containers
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins EPIKOTE Resin MGS L 285
TM
1.1 - 11
Laminating resin system approved by the GERMAN FEDERAL AVIATION AUTHORITY with different pot lifes for processing of glass, carbon and aramide fibres, featuring high static and dynamic loadability. After heat treatment at 50 - 55 C (122-131 F), the system meets the standards for gliders and motor gliders (operational temperatures -60C (-76F) to +54C (129 F). In order to meet the standards for motor planes (operational temperatures -60C (-76 F) to +72 C (161 F), heat treatment at 80 C (176 F) is necessary. The range of pot lives is between approx. 45 min and 4 h. The hardeners have the same mixing ratio and can be mixed among themselves in any ratio. This permits a selection of the optimum system for all processing methods. After initial curing at room temperature, the components manufactured are workable and demouldable. You will receive high-gloss and non-tacky surfaces, even with unfavourable precuring conditions, e. g. lower temperatures or high humidities. The mixing viscosity guarantees fast and complete impregnation of the reinforcement fibres; however, the resin will not spill out of the fabrics on vertical surfaces. In order to obtain special properties, it is also possible to add fillers to the mixture of resin/hardener, such as Aerosil, microballoons, cotton flakes, metal powder, etc. If high heat resistance or aircraft approval are not necessary, hardener 285 can also be used without heat treatment afterwards. However, the indicated properties will only be obtained after heat treatment at temperatures over 50 C (122 F). As a matter of experience L 285 can be combined with suitable gelcoats on UP, PU and EP basis. Although our resin systems are very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15-30 C (59-86 F)and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. Crystallization is visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. If crystallisation of either component should be observed, it can removed by warming up. Slow warming up to approx. 50-60 C (122-140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, gas mask). Since the approval of laminating resin L 285 in 1985, it has been used by nearly all manufacturers of planes and gliders and - especially because of the extremely good physiological combatibility - it is the most commonly used system in the aircraft industry today. It often happens that workers who have experienced problems with some epoxy resins concerning allergies or skin irritation are able to process laminating resin L 285. The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed.
Application
August, 2006
TM
1.1 - 12
Laminating resin L 285 Density Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [g/ equivalent] [equivalent /100g]
Specification
1,18 - 1,23 600 - 900 155 - 170 0,59 - 0,65 1,525 - 1,5300
Hardener 286 0,94 - 0,97 60 - 100 450 - 500 1,4995 - 1,5100
Hardener 287 0,93 - 0,96 80 - 120 450 - 500 1,4950 - 1,4990
Resin L285 Average EP - Value Average amine equivalent 0,62
Hardener 285 64
Hardener 286 64
Hardener 287 64
Processing details
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TM
1.1 - 13
Laminating resin L 285: Hardeners 285, 286, 287 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 40 2 100 : 50 2
Mixing ratios
The mixing ratio stated must be observed carefully. Adding more or less hardener will not result in a faster or slower cure, but in incomplete curing with limited performance, that can not be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must be mixed carefully. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. Special attention must be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container. [F] [C] Temperature 482 250 Hardener 285 392 200 302 150 212 100 122 32
50 0 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00
Hardener 286
Hardener 287
Sample: 100 g / 20 C (70 F)
Time [h]
The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 40C. Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. An increase in temperature of 10C will halve the pot life. Water (for example very high humidity or contained in fabrics or fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin / hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities dring processing have no significant effect on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
Resin L 285 Hardener 285 68 - 77 F 20 - 25 C 104 - 113 F 40 - 45 C app. 2-3 hours app. 45-60 min
Resin L 285 Hardener 286 app. 3-4 hours app. 60-90 min
Resin L 285 Hardener 287 app.5-6 hours app. 80-120 min
Gel time

August, 2006
TM
1.1 - 14
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan d
1,20
Onset 70,2 C E(1 Hz) Heat treatment: 15 h 50 C/122 F tan d (1 Hz)
Peak 88,2 C
1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20
[C] [F]
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356
392 tan d
1,20 1,00

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
Onset 113,8 C E(1 Hz) Heat treatment: 5 h 160 C/320 F tan d (1 Hz) Peak 131,9 C
0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20
[C] [F]
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356
392
Measurement conditions Coupon thickness: 2 mm Heating rate: 2 K/min Frequency: 1 Hz
Hardener 285 unconditioned conditioned 176-185 F 80-85 C 149-158 F 65-70 C
Hardener 286 185-194 F 85-90 C 172-179 F 78-82 C
Hardener 287 194-203 F 90-95 C 181-190 C 83-88 C
TG conditioned
Sample preparation: Conditioned at 40 C (104F) 90 % rel. humidity

August, 2006
TM
1.1 - 15
Laminating resin L 285 Hardeners 285 [F] [C] TG3
Development of TG
230 110 212 100 194 176 158 140 122 Heat treatment 80 C/176 F Heat treatment 60 C/140 F Heat treatment 50 C/122 F
90 80 70 60 50 0 5 10
15
20
25
Time [h]
Laminating resin L 285 Hardeners 286 [F] [C] TG3 Heat treatment 80 C/176 F Heat treatment 60 C/140 F
230 110 212 100 194 176 158 140 122

90 80 70 60 50 0 5 10 15 20 25
Heat treatment 50 C/122 F
Time [h] Laminating resin L 285 Hardeners 287 [F] [C] TG3 Heat treatment 80 C/176 F Heat treatment 60 C/140 F Heat treatment 50 C/122 F
230 110 212 100 194 176 158 140 122

90 80 70 60 50 0 5 10
15
20
25
Time [h] Sample preparation: Initial curing before heat treatment 24 h at room temperature
August, 2006
TM
1.1 - 16
Mechanical data of neat resin Density Flexural strength Modulus of elasticity Tensile strength Compressive strength Elongation of break Impact strength Water absorption at 23C Fatigue strength under reversed bending stresses acc. to DLR Brunsw. [g/cm] [N/mm] [kN/mm] [N/mm] [N/mm] [%] [KJ/m] 24 h [%] 7 d [%] 10 % 90 % 1,18 - 1,20 110 - 120 3,0 - 3,3 70 - 80 120 - 140 5,0 - 6,5 45 - 55 0,20 - 0,30 0,60 - 0,80 > 2 x 104 > 2 x 106
Mechanical data
Curing: 24 h at 23 C (74 F) + 15 h at 60 C (140 F) Typical data according to WL 5.3203 Parts 1 and 2 of the German Aviation Materials Manual.
Advice: Mechanical data are typical for the combination of laminating resin L 285 with hardener H 287. Data can differ in other applications.
August, 2006
TM
1.1 - 17
Mechanical data
GRC Glass fibre CRC Carbon fibre 720 - 770 SR C Aramide fibre 350 - 380
Reinforced with Flexural strength Tensile strength Compressive strength Interlaminar shear strength Modulus of elasticity [N/mm]
510 - 560
[N/mm]
460 - 500
510 - 550
400 - 480
[N/mm2]
410 - 440
460 - 510
140 - 160
[N/mm]
42 - 46
47 - 55
29 - 34
[kN/mm]
20 - 24
40 - 45
16 - 19
August, 2006
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Hardeners MGS 335, 340
Characteristics Application Specifications Processing details Gel time Mixing ratios Temperature development DMA TG conditioned Development of TG Mechanical data page 18 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 24
Content
Characteristics
Application
production of gliders, motor gliders, sports equipment, model airplanes, moulds and tools -60 C up to +40 C (-76 F up to 104 F) without heat treatment -60 C up to +60 C (-76 F up to 140 F) after heat treatment at temperatures between 10 C and 50 C ( 50 -122 F) all usual processing methods good physiological compatibility
Processing
Features
good mechanic properties pot life from approx. 10 min. to approx. 6 hours
Spacial modifications
L 335 T: L 335 W:
thixotropic white
Storage
August, 2006
1.1 - 19
Laminating resin system approved by the German Federal Aviation Authority with different pot lives for processing of glass, carbon and aramide fibres, featuring high static and dynamic loadability. After heat treatment at 50-55 C (122-131F), the system meets the standards for gliders and motor gliders (operational temperatures -60 C (-76 F) to +54 C (130F). Heat treatment at higher temperatures is possible and will reduce the necessary heat treatment period; however, a considerable rise of the glass transition temperature will not be obtained. The range of pot lives is between approx. 10 min and 6-7 h. The hardeners have the same mixing ratio and can be mixed among themselves in any ratio. This permits a selection of the optimum system for all processing methods. After initial curing at room temperature, the components manufactured are workable and demouldable. You will receive high-gloss and non-tacky surfaces, even with unfavourable initial curing conditions, e. g. lower temperatures or high humidities. The mixing viscosity guarantees fast and complete impregnation of the reinforcement fibres; however, the resin will not spill out of the fabrics on vertical surfaces. In order to obtain special properties, it is also possible to add fillers to the mixture of resin/hardener, such as Aerosil, microballoons, cotton flakes, metal powder, etc. If high heat resistance or aircraft approval are not necessary, the system can also be used without heat treatment. However, the indicated properties will only be obtained after heat treatment at temperatures over 50 C (122 F). No problems are to be expected if L 335 is being processed in combination with suitable gelcoats or topcoats (UP, PU, ...). However, comprehensive tests are indispensable. Due to its special formulation, crystallisation of resin or hardener ist unlikely, even when stored at cold temperatures. Yet optimum storage conditions are at 15-30 C (6085 F) and low humidity. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. Crystallization, even though unlikely to occur, would be visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. If crystallisation of either component should be observed, it can removed by warming up. Slow warming up to approx. 50 C-60C (122 F-140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, respirator). The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed
Application
August, 2006
1.1 - 20
Laminating resin L 335 Density Viscosity E p o xyequivalent E p o xyvalue Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g] 1,14 - 1,18 2.300 - 2.900 170 - 189 0,53 - 0,59 1,5620 - 1,5640
Specifications
Hardener 335 Density Viscosity Amine value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g] 1,01 - 1,07 100 - 250 360 - 450 1,5429 - 1,5440
Hardener 340 0,93 - 0,98 10 - 60 350 - 450 1,4570 - 1,4600
Laminating resin L 335 Average EP Value Average amine equivalent 0,56 -
Hardeners 335-340 68
Processing details
L 335 + Hardener 335 68 - 77 F 20 - 25 C 104 - 113 F 40 - 45 C app. 2-3hours app. 45-60 min
L 335 + Hardener 335:340 (1:1) app. 3-4 hours app. 60-90 min
L 335 + Hardener 340 app. 8-9 hours app. 80-120 min
Gel time
Film thickness: 1 mm at different temperatures

August, 2006
1.1 - 21
Composition
Processing time
Mixture ratio +/-2 parts
Minimal curing time at room temperature until workable
Mixing ratios
Hardener 335 Parts by weight
Hardener 340 Parts by weight
100 g/20 C (68 F)
Parts by weight
Parts by volume
100 50 20 0
0 50 80 100
10-15 min 60-90 min app. 4 h app. 6 h (*)
100:38 100:38 100:38 100:38
100:45 100:45 100:45 100:45
app. 8-10 h app. 16-20 h app. 24-30 h app. 2-3 days
*) Gel point not clearly defined. Time to reach 5.000 mPas. The mixing ratio stated must be observed carefully. Adding more or less hardener will not result in a faster or slower cure, but in incomplete curing with limited performance, that can not be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must be mixed carefully. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. Special attention must be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container.
[F] [C] Temperature 482 250 Hardener 335 392 200 Hardener 336 302 150 212 100 122 32
50 0 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00
Hardener 338
Hardener 340
Sample: 100 g / 20 C (68 F)
Time [h]
The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 20 C (68 F) and 40C (104 F). Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. An increase in temperature of 10 C (50 F) will halve the pot life. Water (for example very high humidity or contained in fabrics or fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin/ hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant effect on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
August, 2006
1.1 - 22
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan d
1,20
Onset 60,2 C Peak 77,1 C E(1 Hz) Heat treatment: 15 h 50 C/122 F tan d (1 Hz)
1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20
[C] [F]
20 68
40 104
60 140
80 176
100 212
120 248
140 284
160 320
180 356
200 392

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
tan d
1,20
Onset 68,2 C E (1 Hz) Peak 82,2 C
1,00 0,80 0,60
0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20
[C] [F]
20 68
40 104
60 140
80 176
100 212
120 248
140 284
160 320
180 356
200 392
Hardener 335 unconditioned conditioned 70-75 C 158-167 F 55-60 C 131-140 F
Hardener 335-340 /1:1 70-75 C 158-167 F 55-60 C 131-140 F
Hardener 340 70-75 C 158-167 F 55-60 C 131-140 F
TG conditioned

August, 2006
1.1 - 23
Laminating resin L 335 - Hardener 335 [F] [C] TG3 Heat treatment 80 C/176 F Heat treatment 60 C/140 F Heat treatment 50 C/122 F
Development of TG
194 90 176 80 158 70 140 60 122 50 104 40

0 5 10 15 20 25
Time [h] Laminating resin L 335 - Hardener 336 [F] 194 176 158 140 122 104 [C] TG3
90 80 70 60 50 40 0 5 10 15 20 25
Heat treatment 80 C/176 F Heat treatment 60 C/140 F Heat treatment 50 C/122 F
Time [h] Laminating resin L 335 - Hardener 340 [F] 194 176 158 140 122 104 [C] TG3
90 80 70 60 50 40 0 5 10 15 20 25
Heat treatment 80 C/176 F Heat treatment 60 C/140 F
Time [h] Sample preparation Initial curing before heat treatment 24 h at room temperature
August, 2006
1.1 - 24
Mechanical data of neat resin Density Flexural strength Modulus of elasticity Tensile strength Compressive strength Elongation at break Impact strength Water absorption at 23C Fatigue strength under reversed bending stresses acc. to DLR Brunsw. [g/cm] [N/mm] [kN/mm] [N/mm] [N/mm] [%] [KJ/m] 24 h [%] 7 d [%] 10 % 90 % 1,18 - 1,20 110 - 120 3,0- 3,3 70 - 80 120 - 140 5,0 - 6,5 45 - 55 0,20 - 0,30 0,60 - 0,80 erw > 2 x 106 erw> 2 x 106
Mechanical data
Advice: Mechanical data are typical for the combination of laminating resin L 335 with hardener 335. Data can differ in other applications.
August, 2006
1.1 - 25

Mechanical data
[N/mm]
450 - 500
460 - 520
400 - 480
[N/mm2]
390 - 420
430 - 490
130 - 160
[N/mm]
39 - 44
44 - 50
28 - 32
[kN/mm]
17 - 21
38 - 43
15 - 17
Measuring conditions: Curing: 24 h at 23 C (74F) + 15 h at 60C (140F)
August, 2006
1.1 - 26

Hardener MGS 418
Characteristics Application Specifications Processing details Mixing ratios Temperature development Gel time DMA TG conditioned Development of TG Mechanical data page 26 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32
Content
Characteristics
Approval German Federal Aviation Authority production of gliders, motor gliders, motor planes and helicopters, boat- and shipbuilding, sport equipment, model airplanes, automotive parts, moulds and tools for high temperatures -60 C up to 120 C (-76F up to 248 F) after heat treatment
Application
Processing
at temperatures between 20 C and 50 C (68-122 F) all usual processing methods excellent mechanic properties
Features
high heat resistance low water absorption
L 418 T: L 418 W:
thixotropic white
Storage
August, 2006
1.1 - 27
L418/H418 is a laminating resin system approved by the German Federal Aviation Authority for processing of glass, carbon and aramide fibres, featuring high static and dynamic loadability as well as high heat resistance. After heat treatment at 50 C - 55 C (122 -131F), L 418 meets the standards for gliders and motor gliders (operational temperatures -60 C (-76F) to +54 C (130 F). In order to meet the standards for motor planes (operational temperatures -60C (-76 F) to +72C (160F), heat treatment at 80C (176 F) is required. Water absorption of this system is very low. In case of hot-wet conditioning, the decrease of the glass transition temperature (TG) is minor. After initial curing at room temperature, L 418 stays brittle. Before further processing or demoulding, postcuring in the mould for several hours at min. 50 C (122 F) is adived. High-gloss and non-tacky surfaces, even at unfavourable initial curing conditions, e. g. lower temperatures or high humidities, are obtained. The mixed viscosity eases fast and complete impregnation of the reinforcement fibres without drain out of the fabrics on vertical surfaces. In order to obtain special properties, it is also possible to add fillers to the mixture of resin/hardener, such as Aerosil, microballoons, cotton flakes, metal powder, etc. The laminating resin system does not contain any unreactive additives. Therefore, we do not expect any problems concerning compatibility in case of combination with polyester gelcoats, diverse paints (e. g. on the basis of PUR etc). However, comprehensive tests are indispensable. The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed. Although our resin systems are very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15 - 30 C and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. Crystallization is visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. If crystallisation of either component should be observed, it can removed by warming up. Slow warming up to approx. 50 - 60 C (122 - 140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, gas mask). The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed.
Application
August, 2006
1.1 - 28
Laminating resin L418 Density Viscosity E p o xyequivalent E p o xyvalue Refractory index

Specifications
[g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g]
1,13 - 1,17 1300 - 1600 170 - 180 0,55 - 0,59 1,5540 - 1,5560
Hardener 418 Density Viscosity Amine value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g]
0,93 - 0,97 70 - 100 450 - 500 1,4955 - 1,4985
Hardener 418 65
Processing details
August, 2006
1.1 - 29
Laminating resin L 418 : Hardener 418 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 37 2 100 : 45 2
Mixing ratios
The mixing ratio stated must be observed carefully. Adding more or less hardener will not result in a faster or slower cure, but in incomplete curing with limited performance, that can not be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must be mixed carefully. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. Special attention must be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container.
Laminating resin L 418 - Hardener 418 [F] [C] Temperature 122 104 86 68 50 32
50 40 30 20 10 0 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00
Time [h] Sample preparation: 100g / 20C
The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 40C. Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. An increase in temperature of 10C will halve the pot life. Water (for example very high humidity or contained in fabrics or fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin / hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities dring processing have no significant effect on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
August, 2006
1.1 - 30
Laminating resin L 418 : Hardener 418 68 - 77 F 20 - 25 C 104 - 113 F 40 - 45 C app. 5 - 6 hours app. 1,5 - 2 hours
Gel time
Film thickness 1 mm at different temperatures DMA - TG (peak) tan delta laminating resin L 418 with hardener 418 measuring after heat treatment E Storage Modulus [MPa]
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan d
1,30
Onset 75,2 C E(1 Hz)
Peak 94,8C
1,10 0,90 0,70
0,50 0,30 0,10 -0,10
[C] [F]
20 68
40 104
60 140
80 176
100 212
120 248
140 284
160 320
180 356
200 392

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
tan d
1,30 1,10
E(1 Hz) Onset 134,5 C Heat treatment: 5 h 160 C/320 F tan d (1 Hz) Peak 152,2 C
0,90 0,70 0,50 0,30 0,10 -0,10
[C] [F]
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356
392

August, 2006
1.1 - 31
Laminating resin L 418 - Hardener 418 Unconditioned Conditioned 248 - 257 F 120 - 125 C 239 - 248 F 115 - 120 C
TG conditioned
Laminating resin L418 Hardener 418 DSC - TG3 (Offset TG) [F] 266 248 230 212 194 176 [C] TG3
130 120 110 100 90 80 0 5 10 15 20 25
Development of TG
Time [h] Sample preparation Initial curing before heat treatment 24 h at room temperature
August, 2006
1.1 - 32
Mechanical data of neat resin Density Flexural strength Modulus of elasticity Tensile strength Compressive strength Elongation at break Impact strength Water absorption at 23C Fatigue strength under reversed bending stresses acc. to DLR Brunsw. [g/cm] [N/mm] [kN/mm] [N/mm] [N/mm] [%] [KJ/m] 24 h [%] 7 d [%] 10 % 90 % 1,10 - 1,20 125 - 150 3,3 - 3,6 75 - 90 130 - 150 5-6 30 - 40 0,05 - 0,10 0,10 - 0,20 exp. > 2 x 106 exp.> 2 x 106
Mechanical data
August, 2006
1.1 - 33
Mechanical data
510 - 560
[N/mm]
460 - 500
510 - 550
400 - 480
[N/mm2]
410 - 440
460 - 510
140 - 160
[N/mm]
42 - 46
47 - 55
29 - 34
[kN/mm]
20 - 24
40 - 45
16 - 19
Measuring conditions: Curing: 24 h at 23 C (74 F) + 15 h at 80 C (176F)
August, 2006
1.2 - 1

EPIKURETM Curing Agent MGS H 133-138
Characteristics Application Specifications Processing details Mixing ratios Temperature development DMA Gel time TG conditioned Development of TG Mechanical data page 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 9
Content
Characteristics
Approval German Lloyd
Application
rotor blades for wind turbines, boatbuilding as laminating and adhesive resins (wood-epoxy construction), sporting goods, moulds, tools and other devices -60 C up to +50 C (-76 F up to 122 F) without heat treatment -60 C up to +80 C (-76 F up to 176 F) after heat treatment at temperatures between 15 C and 50 C (59-122 F) all common processing methods pot life of approx. 10 min. up to more than 10 h can be used without heat treatment ( Hardeners 133 - 135) economically priced physiologically compatible L 135 LV: L 135 T: L 135 W: low viscosity thixotropic white
Processing
Features
Storage
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 2
Laminating resin system approved by the German Lloyd. It contains no solvents and fillers and is available for different pot lives. The system is used for processing of glass, carbon and aramide fibres, featuring high static and dynamic loadability. This system has very good adhesive properties with wood and other materials. In boatbuilding, laminating resin L 135 can be used universally, especially for wood-epoxy constructions. The range of pot lives is between approx. 10 min. and more than 10 hours. This enables a selection of the optimum system for all processing methods. After precuring at room temperature, the manufactured components are workable and demouldable. The final properties, however, will only be obtained after postcuring at temperatures of more than 40 C (104 F). At room temperature, the fast hardeners 133 - 135 are processable and demouldable after 6 - 12 hours, while the very slow hardeners 136 to 138 have curing periods of 2 - 4 days at room temperature. Laminates produced with this system result in high-gloss and non-tacky surfaces, even with unfavourable curing conditions, e. g. lower temperatures and/or high humidities. The mixing viscosity guarantees a fast and complete impregnation of the reinforcement fibres, however, the resin will not drain out of the fabrics on vertical surfaces. Due to the chemical chacteristics of this system we do not expect any problems concerning compatibility (e. g. blisters, tearing or changes in colour), when it is processed with gelcoats. However, comprehensive tests are indispensable. Epoxy resins are super cooled liquids, therefore crystallisation is immanently possible. In an early stage, crystallisation is visible as a clouding, and can progress to a stage, where the resin becomes a wax- like solid. Crystallisation can be reversed by slow heating of the product to approx. 40-60 C. This physical phenomenon is reversible and is no restriction to quality after removal, in fact a high purity of material will increase a tendency for crystallisation. Although L 135 is unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15-30 C and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. The materials have a shelf life of minimum 2 years, when stored in their originally sealed containers. Due to selected raw materials, we expect only minor problems concerning skin irritation and allergies during processing. The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed.
Application
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 3
Laminating resin L 135 Density Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g] 1,14 - 1,18 2.300 - 2.900 170 - 189 0,53 - 0,59 1,5590-1,6530
Specifications
Measuring conditions measured at 25 C / 77 F
Laminating resin L 135 LV Density Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g] 1,14 - 1,18 1.000 - 1.500 170 - 189 0,53 - 0,59 1,5540-1,5560
Measuring conditions measured at 25 C / 77 F
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 4
Hardener 133 Density Viscosity Amine value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g] 1,04 - 1,08 400 - 650 450 - 530 1,5550-1,5650
Hardener 134 1,03 - 1,07 150 - 300 420 - 530 1,5640-1,5700
Hardener 135 0,98 - 1,02 50 - 150 450 - 500 1,5090-1,5125
Specifications
Hardener 137 0,94 - 0,98 10 - 50 450 - 500 1,4500-1,4700
Hardener 138 0,93 - 0,96 10 - 50 450 - 550 1,4570-1,4590
Measuring conditions: mesured at 25 C / 77 F
Hardeners 133 - 138 62
Processing details
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 5
Laminating resin L 135 : Hardeners 133 - 138 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 35 2 100 : 41 2
Mixing ratios
[F] [C] Temperature
482
250 200 150
Hardener 133/134 Hardener 135 Hardener 136
392 302
Hardener 135/137 (20:80)
212
100
Hardener 137
122 32
50 0
Hardener 138
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00
Sample preparation 100g / 20C Time [h:min]
The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 40C. Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. An increase in temperature of 10C will halve the pot life. Water (for example due to high humidity or contained in fabrics or fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin / hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant effect on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 6
Laminating resin L 135 Hardener 133 68 - 77 F 20 - 25 C 104 - 113 F 40 - 45 C app. 1-2 hours app. 30 min Hardener 134 app. 2-3 hours app. 40 min Hardener 135 app.4-5 hours app. 50 min
Gel time
Hardener 136 68 - 77 F 20 - 25 C 104 - 113 F 40 - 45 C app. 6-7 hours app. 1-2 hours
Hardener 137 app. 10-12 hours app. 3-4 hours
Hardener 138 app. 15-20 hours app. 6-7 hours
DMA-Measuring after heat treatment DMA-TG(peak) tan delta: Laminating resin L135 with hardener 137 E Storage Modulus [MPa] tan d Peak 86,9 C E(1 Hz)MPa Onset 76,7 C Heat treatment: 15 h 75 C/167 F
DMA
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0

C F tan d(1 Hz)
1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00
0
32
20
68
40
104
60
140
80
176
100
212
120
248
140
284
-0,20 160
320 Temperature
Measuring conditions: Coupon thickness: 2 mm Heating rate: 2 K/min Frequency: 1 Hz

August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 7
TG conditioned
Measuring conditions: Conditioned at 40 C (104 F) 90 % rel. humidity
TG development at 50 C (122 F)/Laminating resin L135 with Hardener 135 [F] [C] TG
Development of TG
212 100 194 90 176 80 158 140 122 104 86 68 50 32

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 time [h]
TG3 TG2 TG1
212 100 194 90 176 80 158 70 140 60 122 50 104 40 86 30 68 20 50 10 32 0

0
TG3 TG2 TG1
10
15
20
time [h]
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 8
Development of TG
212 100 194 90 176 80 158 70 140 60 122 50 104 40 86 30 68 20 50 10 32 0

0 5
TG3 TG2 TG1
10
15
20 time [h]
212 100 194 90 176 80 158 70 140 60 122 50 104 40 86 30 68 20 50 10 32 0

0 5
TG3 TG2 TG1
10
15
20
time [h]
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 9
Mechanical data of neat resin Density Flexural strength Modulus of elasticity Tensile strength Compressive strength Elongation at break Impact strength Water absorption at 23C Fatigue strength under reversed bending stresses acc. to DLR Brunsw. [g/cm] [N/mm] [kN/mm] [N/mm] [N/mm] [%] [KJ/m] 24 h [%] 7 d [%] 10 % 90 % 1,10 - 1,20 110 - 130 2,9 - 3,2 68 - 80 80-100 7,0-10,0 30 - 50 0,10 - 0,50 0,20 - 0,80 exp. > 1 x 106 exp.> 2 x 106
Mechanical data
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 10

Mechanical data
[N/mm]
440 - 480
450 - 500
380 - 450
[N/mm2]
380 - 400
400 - 450
130 - 150
[N/mm]
38 - 42
40 - 45
27 - 30
[kN/mm]
17 - 19
35 - 40
14 - 17
August, 2006
1.2 - 11

EPIKURETM Curing Agent MGS H 233-238
Characteristics Application Specifications Temperature development Processing details Mixing ratios Gel time DMA Development of TG TG conditioned Mechanical data page 11 12 13 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 17
Content
Characteristics
Application
rotor blades for wind turbines, shipbuilding as laminating and adhesive resins (wood-epoxy construction), sporting goods, moulds, tools , hand lay-up and other devices -60 C up to +50 C (-76 F up to 122 F) without heat treatment -60 C up to +80 C (-76 F up to 176 F) after heat treatment at temperatures between 15 C and 50 C (59-122 F) all usual processing methods pot life of approx. 10 min. up to more than 12 h can be used without heat treatment ( Hardeners 233 - 238) physiologically compatible
Processing
Features
on request
Storage
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 12
Laminating resin system approved by the German Lloyd. It contains no solvents and fillers and has a wide range of pot lives. The system is used for processing of glass, carbon and aramide fibres, featuring high static and dynamic loadability. This system has very good adhesion properties on wood and other materials. In boatbuilding, laminating resin L 235 can be used universally, especially for wood-epoxy constructions. The range of pot lives is between approx. 10 min. and more than 12 hours. This enables a selection of the optimum system for all processing methods. After precuring at room temperature, the manufactured components are workable and demouldable. The final properties, however, will only be reached after postcuring at temperatures of more than 40 C (104 F). At room temperature, the fast hardeners 233 - 235 are processable and demouldable after 6 - 12 hours, while the very slow hardeners 236 and 237 have curing periods of 2 - 4 days at room temperature. Parts produced with L 235 result in high-gloss and non-tacky surfaces, even with unfavourable curing conditions, e. g. lower temperatures and/or high humidities. The mixing viscosity guarantees a fast and complete impregnation of the reinforcement fibres, however, the resin will not spill out of the fabrics on vertical surfaces. Due to the chemical characteristics of this system we do not expect any problems concerning compatibility (e. g. blistering, tearing or changes in colour), when it is processed with gelcoats. However, comprehensive tests are indispensable. Although L 235 is very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15-30 C and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. The materials have a shelf life of minimum 2 years, when stored in their originally sealed containers. Due to selected raw materials, we expect minimal problems concerning skin irritation and allergies during processing. The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed.
Application
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 13
Laminating resin L 235 Density Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g] 1,1 - 1,2 2.300 - 3.000 170 - 190 0,53 - 0,59 1,5640 - 1,5670
Specifications
Hardener 234 1,04 - 1,1 150 - 500 420 - 530 1,5620 - 1,5670
Hardener 235 0,98 - 1,02 50 - 250 400 - 500 1,5090-1,5125
Hardener 236 Density Viscosity Amine value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g] 0,95 - 1,02 30 - 150 400 - 500 1,4696 1,4716
Hardener 237 0,94 - 1,02 30 - 150 400 - 550 1,4611 1,4626
Hardener 238 0,93 - 0,96 10 - 50 450 - 550 1,4550 1,4900
Hardener 239 0,92 - 0,98 10 - 50 400 - 500 1,4530 1,4580

August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 14
Laminating resin L 235 Average EP - Value Average amine equivalent 0,55 -
Hardeners 233 - 238 62
Processing details
The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 40 C. Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. An increase in temperature of 10 C will halve the pot life. Water (for example due to very high humidity or contained in fabrics or fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin / hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant effect on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
Laminating resin L 235 : Hardeners 233 - 238 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 35 2 100 : 41 2
Mixing ratios
The mixing ratio stated must be observed carefully. Adding more or less hardener will not result in a faster or slower cure, but in incomplete curing with limited performance, that can not be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must me mixed carefully. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. Special attention must be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container. Temperature development with Hardener 233 up to Hardener 239 [F] [C] Temperature 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 Hardeners
356 180 320 160 284 140 248 120 212 100 176 140 104 68 32
80 60 40 20 0 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00
Sample preparation: 100 g /23 C
Time [h:min]
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 15
Laminating resin L 235

Hardener Hardener Hardener Hardener Hardener Hardener Hardener
Gel time
238 15-20 h 6-7 h 239 24-36 h 7-10 h
233 20 - 25 C 68 - 77 F 40 - 45 C 104 - 113 F 1-2 h 30 min
234 2-3 h 40 min
235 4-5 h 50 min
236 8-9 h 3-4 h
237 12-14 h 4-6 h
Film thickness 1 mm at different temperatures DMA - TG (peak) tan delta laminating resin L 235 with hardener 237 measuring after heat treatment E Storage Modulus [MPa]
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan d
1,40
Onset 59,1 C
Peak 74,6 C
1,20 1,00
E(1 Hz) Heat treatment: 15 h 50 C/120 F
0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20
tan d (1 Hz)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0,00 -0,20 200
[C] [F]
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356
392 tan d
1,40

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
Onset 84,0 C Peak 98,7C E(1 Hz) Heat treatment: 5 h 160 C/320 F
1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20
tan d (1 Hz)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0,00 -0,20 200
[C] [F]
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356
392

August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 16
TG conditioned
Laminating resin L235 Hardener 235 [F] [C] TG3
Development of TG
212 100,0 194 90,0 176 80,0 158 70,0 140 60,0 122 104 86 68 50 32
50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 0 5 10 15
Curing at 80 C/ 175 F Curing at 70 C/ 160 F Curing at 60 C/140 F Curing at 50 C/120 F
20
25
Time [h]
Laminating resin L235 Hardener 236 [F] 194 176 158 140 122 104 86 68 50 32 [C] TG3
212 100,0
90,0 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 0 5 10 15
Curing at 80 C/ 175 F Curing at 70 C/ 160 F Curing at 60 C/140 F Curing at 50 C/120 F
20
25
Time [h]
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 17
Mechanical data of neat resin
Mechanical data
Density
[g/cm]
1,10 - 1,20
Flexural strength
[N/mm]
100 - 120
Modulus of elasticity
[kN/mm]
3,0 - 3,3
Tensile strength
[N/mm]
70 - 80
Compressive strength
[N/mm]
90 - 110
Elongation of break
[%]
5-9
Impact strength Water absorption at 23 C/ 74 F Curing: part cure / full cure
[KJ/m] 24 h [%] 7 d [%]
50 - 80 0,20 - 0,30 0,60 - 0,80
August, 2006
TM
1.2 - 18
Data of reinforced resin Static tests standard climate

GRC Glass fibre [psi x 10] [N/mm] [psi x 10] [N/mm] [psi x 10] N/mm2 [psi x 10] [N/mm] [psi x 106] [kN/mm] 70 - 77 480 - 530 64 - 70 440 - 480 55 - 58 380 - 400 5.5 - 6.1 38 - 42 2.5 - 2.8 17 - 19 CRC Carbon fibre 94 - 100 650 - 690 65 - 73 450 - 500 58 - 65 400 - 450 5.8 - 6.5 40 - 45 5.0 - 5.8 35 - 40 SR C Aramide fibre 42 - 46 290 - 320 55 - 65 380 - 450 19 - 22 130 - 150 3.9 - 4.4 27 - 30 2.0 - 2.5 14 - 17
Mechanical data
August, 2006
1.3 - 1

Hardeners MGS 265, 260 S
Characteristics Application Processing details Specifications Temperature development Mixing ratios Viscosity of mixture Development of TG DMA TG unconditioned Mechanical data page 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7
Content
Characteristics
Approval -
Application
applications requiring high heat resistance, boat and shipbuilding, sports equipment, automobile parts, moulds and tools -60 C up to +150 C (-76F up to 302 F) after heat treatment
Processing
at temperatures between 20 C and 50 C ( 68 - 122 F) recommended 25 - 35 C (77 - 95 F) high heat resistance, yet initial cure of room temperature good mechanic properties, pot life from approx. 1,5 hour to approx. 5 h short curing time at high temperatures
Features
on request
Storage
August, 2006
1.3 - 2
Medium-viscous laminating resin systems with different pot lives for processing of glass, carbon and aramide fibers. Due to their very good mechanical properties, these systems are suitable for the production of components featuring high static and dynamic loadability and high heat resistance. Laminating resin L 326 is a modified resin based on bisphenol A/F. It is crystallizationresistant down to -20 C. The hardeners are modifications of cycloaliphatic amines. Due to their chemical structure, the hardeners may crystallize at temperatures below +15 C, which is visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. Before processing, the crystallization must be removed by slow warming up to approx. 50 C-60C (122 F-140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, respirator). The range of pot lives is between approx. 2 and 4 hours at 20 C (68 F). The mixed viscosity at this temperature is somewhat too high for some applications. Optimal viscosities for hand lamination are obtained at temperatures in the range of 25-35 C (77 F-95 F). Pot life is then between approx. 1 h to 3 h. Following initial curing at room temperature, the parts are still brittle and require heat treatment at a min. temperature of 50 C (122 F) before processing or demolding. Direct curing at more elevated temperatures (60-100 C/140-212 F) is possible in the case of thin-walled parts (laminate thicknesses of up to approx. 10 - 20 mm depending on the hardener used). The curing times can be reduced to a few minutes by this. Non-tacky, high-gloss surfaces are obtained even with unfavorable curing conditions, such as low temperatures or high relative humidity. The laminating resin systems do not contain any unreactive components. All raw materials and additives feature a very low vapor pressure, therefore permitting processing of the material under vacuum even at elevated temperatures (VARIM process). Compatibility problems are not to be expected in combination with UP gelcoats, various paints (e.g. PUR-based), etc. However, comprehensive tests are indispensable. The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed. Although our resin systems are very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15-30 C (59-86 F) and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable.
Application
August, 2006
1.3 - 3
Laminating resin L 326 Density Viscosity E p o xyequivalent E p o xyvalue Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g]
Specifications
1,14 - 1,19 5.000 - 7.000 170 - 190 0,52 - 0,59 1,5720 - 1,5740
Hardener 265 Density Viscosity Amine value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g]
Hardener 260 S
0,91 - 0,93 10 - 20 650 - 700 1,4864 - 1,4885
0,93 - 0,97 80 - 100 450 - 500 1,4980 - 1,4985
Hardener 265 46
Hardener 260 S
Processing details
62
August, 2006
1.3 - 4
L 326: Hardener 265 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 25 2 100 : 30 2
L 326: Hardener 260 S 100 : 35 2 100 : 42 2
Mixing ratios
[F] [C] Temperature 248 120 212 100 176 80 140 60 104 40 68 20 32
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Hardener 265 Hardener 260 S
Time [h] Sample preparation 100 g / initial curing at 30 C (86 F)
The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 40C. Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. An increase in temperature of 10C will halve the pot life. Water (for example very high humidity or contained in fabrics or fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin / hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant effect on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
August, 2006
1.3 - 5
Laminating resin L 326 - Hardeners 265/260 S [mPas] Viscosity

3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
Viscosity of mixture
[C] [F]
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
68
77
86
95
104
113
122 Temperatures
Laminating resin L 326, Hardener 260 S
Development of TG
Heat treatment at: 140 C/ 284 F
[F] 320 284 248 212 176 140
[C] TG3
160 140 120 100 80 60 0 5 10 15
120 C / 248 F 100 C/ 212 F 80 C/ 176 F
20
25
Time [h]
August, 2006
1.3 - 6
Max. TG for heat treatment at 80 C/176 F Max. TG for heat treatment at 100 C/212 F Max. TG for heat treatment at 120 C/248 F Max. TG for heat treatment at 140 C/284 F
90 - 100 C/194 - 212 F 110 - 120 C/230 - 248 F 130 - 140 C266 - 284 F 140 - 150 C/284 - 302 F
TG unconditioned
DMA - TG (peak) tan delta laminating resin L 326 with hardener 260 S measuring after heat treatment E Storage Modulus [MPa]
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan d
1,40
Onset 84,2 C E Peak 95,6 C
1,20 1,00 0,80
Heat treatment: 15 h 50 C/120 F tan d
0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20
[C] [F]
20 68
40 104
60 140
80 176
100 212
120 248
140 284
160 320
180 356
200 392

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
tan d
1,40 1,20
E Onset 148,5 C Heat treatment: 5 h 160 C/320 F
Peak 159,6 C
1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20
tan d
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
[C] [F]
200
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356
392

August, 2006
1.3 - 7
Mechanical data of neat resin Density Flexural strength Modulus of elasticity Tensile strength Compressive strength Elongation at break Impact strength Water absorption at 23C Fatigue strength under reversed bending stresses acc. to DLR Brunsw. [g/cm] [N/mm] [kN/mm] [N/mm] [N/mm] [%] [KJ/m] 24 h [%] 7 d [%] 10 % 90 % 1,18 - 1,20 100 - 120 3,2 - 3,5 70 - 80 90 - 110 5,0 - 6,5 40 - 50 0,10 - 0,20 0,20 - 0,50 exp. > 2 x 106 exp.> 2 x 106
Mechanical data
Advice: Mechanical data are typical for the combination of laminating resin L 326 with hardener 265, 260 S. Data can differ in other applications.
August, 2006
1.3 - 8
Mechanical data
500 - 550
[N/mm]
410 - 440
480 - 540
310 - 340
[N/mm2]
400 - 430
450 - 500
140 - 160
[N/mm]
40 - 45
45 - 50
28 - 32
[kN/mm]
18 - 21
34 - 36
15 - 17
GRC samples: 16 layers of glass fabric, 8H satin, 296 g/m (8.7/sq.yd.), 4 mm (0.16 in) thick CRC samples: 8 layers of carbon fabric, plain, 200 g/m2 (5.9 oz/sq.yd.) 2 mm (0.08 in) thick SRC samples: 15 layers of aramide fabric, 4H satin, 170 g/m2 (5.0 oz/sq.yd.), 4 mm (0.16 in) thick Fibre content of samples during processing/testing: 40 - 45 vol% Data calculated for fibre content of 43 vol% Typical data according to WL 5.3203 Parts 1 and 2 of the GERMAN AVIATION MATERIALS MANUAL
August, 2006
1.3 - 9

Hardeners MGS 302, Accelerator MGS 302
Characteristics Application Specifications Temperature development Mixing ratios Viscosity of mixture Gel time Viscosity development TG f(Mixing ratio) DMA Mechanical data page 9 10 11 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 15
Content
Application
appli cati ons whi ch requi red excepti onal heat resi stance, automoti ve parts, boat and shi pbui ldi ng, sports equi pment, model ai rplanes, moulds and tools -60 C up to +200 C (-76F up to 392 F) after heat treatment at temperatures between 20 C and 50 C ( 68 - 122 F) recommended 40 - 50 C (104 - 122 F) all usual processi ng methods i ni ti al cure mi n. at 80 C (176 F) hi ghest heat resi stance, good mechani c properti es, pot li fe vari able through accelerator, short curi ng ti mes at hi gh temperatures C uri ng: 4-6 h at 80-110 C / 175-230 F, i ncrease temperature step by step (10-20 C / 18-36 F per h) unti l max. 200-230 C / 392-446 F, stay at hi ghest level 6-8 h, than cool down slow
Characteristics
Processing
Features
Setting
H eat treatment
mi ni mum 80 C (176 F) up to 200 C (392 F)
Storage
shelf li fe of 24 months i n ori gi nally sealed contai ners
August, 2006
1.3 - 10
Hot-curing laminating resin system for processing of glass, carbon and aramide fibers. Due to its excellent thermal and mechanical properties, this system is suitable for the production of components featuring high static and dynamic loadability and maximum heat resistance. Laminating resin L 305 is a highly functional epoxy resin which can be combined with anhydride hardener 302 and accelerator 302 to produce moulded materials with maximum heat resistance. Standard mixtures: The laminating resin L 305 - hardener 302 reaction is endothermic with accelerator concentrations of 0.5 - 1.0 parts, i.e. energy is absorbed while curing. Contrary to hardening with amine hardeners, it is therefore possible to cure larger volumes in one cycle without stress cracks. The curing times can be reduced to a few minutes at high temperatures. Quick curing mixtures: If the accelerator portion is increased to 2 - 5 parts, the reaction is exothermic. This is advantageous for parts with thin walls (<10 mm) which can be produced in a very short time at high curing temperatures. In general, parts can be pre-cured at temperatures of 90-100 C (194-212 F) and then demoulded and processed. Subsequent heat treatment may also be performed demoulded, with the temperature being increased step-by-step (10C/18F per h) to 150-200 C (302-392 F). The laminating resin system does not contain any unreactive components. All raw materials used feature a very low vapor pressure, therefore permitting processing of the material under vacuum even at elevated temperatures (RTM process). Compatibility problems are not to be expected in combination with UP gelcoats, various paints (e.g. PUR-based), etc. However, comprehensive tests are indispensable. Although our resin systems are very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15-30 C (59-86 F) and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. Crystallization is visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. If crystallisation of either component should be observed, it can removed by warming up. Slow warming up to approx. 50 C-60C (122 F-140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, gas mask). The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed.
Application
August, 2006
1.3 - 11
Laminating resin L 305 Density Viscosity E p o xyequivalent E p o xyvalue Refractory index

Specifications
1,18 - 1,20 14.000 - 16.000 155 - 165 0,60 - 0,65 1,5560 - 1,5580
Hardener 302 Density Viscosity Amine value Anhydride content Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g] [%] 1,22 - 1,24 250 - 300 96 - 99 1,5050 - 1,5070
Accelerator 302 0,97 - 0,99 220 - 260 550 - 650 1,5105 - 1,5150
August, 2006
1.3 - 12
Laminating resin L 305: Hardener 302 : Accelerator 302 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 110 : 0,5-5,0 100 : 110 : 0,5-5,0
Mixing ratios
Tolerances: +/-2 parts by weight/volume (resin : hardener) The mixing ratio stated must be observed carefully. Adding more or less hardener will not result in a faster or slower cure, but in incomplete curing with limited performance, that can not be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must be mixed carefully. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. Special attention must be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container.
Laminating resin L 305 - Hardener 302 with 1,5 % and 3 % accelerator given at 60 C (140 F) [F] [C] Temperature 153 67 149 65 145 63 142 61 138 59 135 57 131 55 0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
Time [h] The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 40 and 50 C (104-122 F). Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. An increase in temperature of 10 C (18 F) will halve the pot life. Water (for example very high humidity or contained in fabrics or fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin/ hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant impact on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
August, 2006
1.3 - 13
Laminating resin L 305 - Hardener 302 - 1,5 % accelerator 302 [mPas] viscosity
6.500 6.000 5.500 5.000 4.500 4.000 3.500 3.000 2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 500 0
[C] [F]
20
30
40
50
60
68
86
104
122
140
Laminating resin 305 + Hardener 302 + 1,5 % Accelerator 302 30 C / 86 F 40 C / 104 F 50 C / 122 F 60 C / 140 F app. 56 h app. 28 h app. 13 h app. 6 h
Gel time
Laminating resin L 305 - Hardener 302 - 1,5 % accelerator 302 given at 40 C [mPas] Viscosity
35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 0 5 10 15 20 25
Viscosity development
Time [h]
August, 2006
1.3 - 14
TG as function of mixing ratio with 1,5 % accelerator 302 [F] [C] Temperature 464 240 446 230 428 220 410 210 392 200 374 190 356 180 338 170
100 105 110 115 120
TG f(Mixing ratio)
Offset Midpoint Onset
Mixing ratio
DMA - TG (peak) tan delta laminating resin L 285 hardener 286 accelerator 302 measuring after heat treatment E Storage Modulus [MPa]
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan d
0,40 0,35 0,30 0,25
Onset 170,2 C E(1 Hz) Heat treatment: 10 h 200 C/ 392 F tan d (1 Hz)
0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00
[C] [F]
30
80
130
180
230
86
176
266
356
446
August, 2006
1.3 - 15
Mechanical data of neat resin Density Flexural strength Modulus of elasticity Tensile strength Compressive strength Elongation at break Impact strength [g/cm] [N/mm] [kN/mm] [N/mm] [N/mm] [%] [KJ/m] 1,21 - 1,24 70 - 80 3,5 - 4 60 - 70 120 - 140 3,5 - 5 10 - 15
Mechanical data
Advice: Mechanical data are typical for the combination of laminating resin L 305 with hardener 302 and accelerator 302. Data can differ in other applications.
August, 2006
1.3 - 16

Mechanical data
[N/mm]
380 - 400
530 - 550
480 - 520
[N/mm2]
320 - 350
360 - 390
140 - 160
[N/mm]
40 - 45
49 - 52
28 - 32
[kN/mm]
21 - 23
43 - 45
26 - 27
August, 2006
2.1- 1
EPIKOTETM Resin MGS RIM 135

EPIKURETM Curing Agent MGS RIM H 134 - RIM H 137
Characteristics Application Specifications Processing details Mixing ratios Temperature development Viscosity DMA TG Development Mechanical data page 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 8
Content
Characteristics
Application
specially designed for infusion processes (RMT; SCRIMP/VARI) rotor blades for wind turbines, boat and shipbuilding, sports equipment -60 C up to +50 C (-76 F up to 122 F) without heat treatment -60 C bis +80 C (-76 F up to 176 F) after heat treatment at temperatures between 10 C and 50 C (50-122 F) due to the very low mixing viscosity especially suited for infusion, injection and pultrusion very low viscosity excellent initial curing properties at room temperature pot life from approx. 0,5 hour to approx. 4 hours short curing times at high temperatures
Processing
Features
Storage
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins EPIKOTE Resin MGS RIM 135
TM
2.1- 2
Very low-viscosity laminating resin system with different pot lives for processing of glass, carbon and aramide fibers. Due to its good mechanical properties, this system is suitable for the production of components featuring high static and dynamic loadability. The range of pot lives is between approx. 0,5 hour and approx. 3 - 4 hours. The parts can be worked and demolded after curing at room temperature. Curing at higher temperatures (up to approx. 80-100 C, 176-212 F) is possible, depending on layer thickness and geometry of the parts to be manufactured. The curing times can be reduced to a few minutes by this. Adding internal parting agents, such as zinc stearate, etc., has proven useful for pultrusion processes. Profiles with good surface qualities are obtained. Depending on profile geometry, mould temperatures in the range of 180-230 C (356-446 F) are possible, thus permitting high drawing speeds. The mixing viscosity is very low, which is especially advantageous for infusion and injection processes. It may be lowered to approx. 150 mPas by heating the resin mass (see diagram). This means that even complicated molded parts with long flow paths can be easily infused. The temperature rise with hardener RIMH 137 remains very low up to a mold temperature of approx. 30 C, so that even parts of greater thickness can be produced at elevated temperatures. The infusion resin system does not contain any unreactive components. The raw materials used feature a very low vapor pressure. This permits processing of the material under vacuum even at elevated temperatures (VARIM process). Compatibility problems are not to be expected in combination with UP gelcoats, various paints (e.g. PURbased), etc. However, comprehensive tests are indispensable. The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed. The resin and hardeners can be stored for at least 12 months in their carefully sealed original containers. The resin and hardeners may crystallize at temperatures below +15 C (59 F). The crystallization is visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. Before processing, the crystallization must be removed by warming up. Slow warming up to approx. 50-60 C (122-140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, respirator).
Application
August, 2006
TM
2.1- 3
Infusion resin RIM 135 Density Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g] 1,13 - 1,17 700 - 1.100 166 - 185 0,54 - 0,60 1,548-1,552
Specifications
Hardener RIMH 134 Density Viscosity Amine value Refractoy index [g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g] 0,93 - 1,00 10 - 80 550 - 700 1,4900 - 1,5000
Hardener RIMH 137 0,93 - 0,98 10 - 50 400 - 600 1,460 - 1,463
August, 2006
TM
2.1- 4
Infusion resin RIM 135 Average EP Value Average amine equivalent 0,56 -
Hardeners RIMH 134-137 52
Processing details
Infusion resin RIM 135 : Hardener RIMH 134 - RIMH 137 By w eight By volume 100 : 30 2 100 : 36 2
Mixing ratios
The specified mixing ratios must be observed as exactly as possible. Adding more or less hardener will not effect a faster or slower reaction - but in incomplete curing which cannot be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must be mixed very thoroughly. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. Pay special attention to the walls and the bottom of the mixing container.
August, 2006
TM
2.1- 5
[F] [C] Temperature 482 250 392 200 302 150 212 100 122 32
50 0 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00
Hardener RIMH 134 Hardeners RIMH 137/RIMH 134 (80:20) Hardener RIMH 137
Time [h:min] Quantity: 100 g / 20 C (77 F)
The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 20 C and 25 C (68-77 F). Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. A rise in temperature of 10 C (50 F) will halve the pot life. Water (for example very high humidity or contained in fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin/hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant effect on the strength of the hardened product. Do not mix large quantities - particularly of highly reactive systems - at elevated processing temperatures. The heat flow from the mixing container is very low, so the contents will heat up fast because of the dissipating reaction heat (exothermic resin-hardener reaction). This can result in temperatures of more than 200 C (392 F) in the mixing container, which may cause smoke-intensive burning of the resin mass.
August, 2006
TM
2.1- 6
Viscosity of mixture at different temperatures

Infusion resin RIM 135 with mixture of Hardeners RIMH 137 (80 %) /RIMH 134 (20 %) [mPas]
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Viscosity
[C] 15 [F] 59
20
25
30
35
40
45
68
77
86
95
104
113 Temperature
Infusion resin RIM 135 with mixture of Hardeners RIMH 137 (80 %) /RIMH 134 (20 %) and Hardener RIMH 137
[mPas]
8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
80% RIMH 137 20% RIMH 134
RIMH 137
Time [minutes] Measuring conditions: Temperature: 40C (104 F); measuring gap 0,2 mm
August, 2006
TM
2.1- 7
Development of glass transition temperature ( TG ) at 60 C

Infusion resin RIM 135 with mixture of Hardeners RIMH 137 (80 %) /RIMH 134 (20 %) [F] 194 176 158 140 122 104 86 68 50 32 [C] TG
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25
TG Development
TG3 TG2 TG1
Time [h]
DMA Measuring after heat treatment

DMA-TG (peak) tan delta Infusion resin RIM 135 with mixture of Hardeners RIMH 137 (80 %) /RIMH 134 (20 %)
DMA

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
tan d
0,50
E(1 Hz)
Peak 92,4 C (198,32 F)
0,40 0,30
Onset 84,7 C (184,46 F) 2400 MPa tan d(1 Hz)
0,20 0,10 0,00 -0,10 -0,20
[C] [F]
20
40
60
80
100
120
68
104
140
176
212
248 Temperature
Measuring conditions: Sample thickness: 2 mm Heat rate: 2 K/min
August, 2006
TM
2.1- 8
Mechanical data
Density
[g/cm]
1,18 - 1,20
Flexural strength
[N/mm]
90 - 120
[kN/mm]
2,7 - 3,2
Tensile strength
[N/mm]
60 - 75
[N/mm]
80 - 90
Elongation at break
[%]
8-16
Impact strength Water absorption at 23 C Fatigue strength under reversed bending stresses acc. to DLR Brunsw.
[KJ/m] 24 h [%] 7 d [%] 10 % 90 %
70-80 0,10 - 0,20 0,20 - 0,50 exp. > 1 x 106 exp.> 2 x 106
Curing: 24 h at 23 C (74 F) + 15 h at 60 C (140 F), partly cured/full cure Typical data according to WL 5.3203 Parts 1 and 2 of the German Aviation Materials Manual.
Advice: Mechanical data are typical for the combination of laminating resin RIM 135 with hardener RIMH 137. Data can differ in other applications.
August, 2006
TM
2.1- 9

Mechanical data
[N/mm]
460 - 500
510 - 550
400 - 480
[N/mm]
410 - 440
460 - 510
140 - 160
[N/mm]
42 - 46
47 - 55
29 - 34
[kN/mm]
20 - 24
40 - 45
16 - 19
Sample preparation Curing: 24 h at 23 C (74 F) + 15 h at 80 C (176 F)
August, 2006
2.1 - 10

EPIKURETM Curing Agent RIM H 235-238
Characteristics Application Specifications Processing details Mixing ratios Temperature development Viscosity of mixture Viscosity development Gel time DMA Development TG3 Mechanical data page 10 11 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 16 17 18
Content
Characteristics
Approval Germanischer Lloyd
Application
rotor blades for wind turbines, boat and shipbuilding, sports equipment, model construction, tooling and moulding -60 C up to +50 C (-76F up to 122 F) without heat treatment -60 C bis +80 C (-76 F up to 176 F) after heat treatment
Processing
Features
very low viscosity pot life from approx. 10 minutes to approx. >10h economically priced, physiologically compatible
Storage
August, 2006
TM
2.1 - 11
RIM 235 is an infusion resin for manufacturing composite parts such as rotorblades for wind turbines or boatbuilding. This epoxy resin system is specially suited to process all state of the art fabrics, such as glass, carbon or aramide using common infusion techiques such as VARIM, SCRIMP or RIM. The Infusion resin system RIM 235 remains practically free of crystallisation, even if it is stored at low temperatures (<15 C/ <59 F). As the formulation contains only a very low percentage of reactice diluent, this system shows a particularly good physiological compatibility, even if it is being worked in open moulded processes. Although the initial cure at room temperature is good, the full mechanical properties will only be obtained after a suitable post cure cycle. Especially for operations at elevated temperatures (maximum 80 C/176 F), such a post cure cycle is required to obtain the required thermal stability. For optimum mechanical properties a heat treatment of minimum 50C is required. Optimum processing temperatures are in the range of 15-40C (59-104 F). Potlife depends on the choice of hardeners and can be varied between 10 min. and more than 10 h. The shortest working life is established using RIMH 235. Pot life increases with the increasing number of the dedicated hardener and can be as high as >10 h with hardener RIMH 238. As the initial cure at room temperature is very slow as for the low reactive hardeners, some heat treatment should be performed at minimum 40-50 C (104-122 F) before demoulding the produced parts to ensure short cycle times. RIM 235 features an extrordinary low mixed visosity, resulting in fast and complete fiber wetting at a high transportation rate in infusion processes. However, if parts should be produced using hand lay-up techniques, it is recommended to add some thixotropic agent, such as Aerosil, to prevent drain out from vertical laminates, especially if noncrimp fabrics are being processed. Although RIM 235 is very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15-30 C (59-86 F) and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. The materials have a shelf life of minimum 2 years, when stored in their originally sealed containers.
Application
August, 2006
TM
2.1 - 12
Infusion resin RIM 235 Density Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent/ 100 g] 1,14 - 1,18 1000 - 1300 161 - 181 0,55 - 0,62 1,55-1,56
Specifications
Measuring condition: measured at 25 C / 77 F
Hardener RIMH 235 Density Viscosity Amine value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g] 0,92 - 0,96 20 - 40 500 - 600 1,465 - 1,469
Hardener RIMH 236 0,98 - 1,02 10 - 20 450 - 550 1,460 - 1,469
Hardener RIMH 237 Density Viscosity Amine value Refrectory index

Hardener RIMH 238 0,93 - 0,97 10 - 30 450 - 550 1,455 - 1,468
[g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g]
0,92 - 0,96 10 - 30 420 - 520 1,4550-1,4750
August, 2006
TM
2.1 - 13
Hardeners RIMH 235 - RIMH 238 60
Processing details
Infusion resin RIM 235 : Hardener RIMH 235 - RIMH 238 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 33,5 2 100 : 40,9 2
Mixing ratios
The mixing ratio stated must be observed carefully. Adding more or less hardener will not result in a faster or slower cure, only incomplete curing with limited performance, that can not be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must be mixed carefully. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. Special attention must be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container.
[F] [C] Temperature 122 50 RIMH 235 113 45 RIMH 236 RIMH 237 RIMH 238
104 40
95
35
86
30 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00
Measuring conditions: 100 g bei 30 C in water bath
Time [hh:mm]
The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 40 C. Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. An increase in temperature of 10 C will halve the pot life. Water (for example very high humidity or contained in fabrics or fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin / hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant impact on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
August, 2006
TM
2.1 - 14
[mPas] Viscosity
1000 900 800 700
RIMH 238 RIMH 237
600 500 400 RIMH 236 300 RIMH 235 200 100 0
[C] 10 [F] 50
15 59
20 68
25 77
30 86
35 95
40 104
45 113
50 122
Temperature
[mPas] Viscosity
10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240
RIMH 235
RIMH RIMH 236 237
RIMH 238
Time [min]
Measuring conditions: Investigation in rotation viscosimeter, plate-plate configuration measuring gap: 0,2mm
August, 2006
TM
2.1 - 15
Infusion resin RIM 235 Hardener RIMH 235 20 - 25 C 68 - 77 F 40 - 45 C 104 - 113 F app. 8-9 h app. 3-4 h Hardener RIMH 236 app. 12-14 h app. 4-6 h
Gel time
Hardener RIMH 237 20 - 25 C 68 - 77 F 40 - 45 C 104 - 113 F app. 15-20 h app. 7-8 h
Hardener RIMH 238 app. 24-28 h app. 10-14 h
August, 2006
TM
2.1 - 16
DMA Measuring after heat treatment DMA-TG (peak) tan delta Infusion resin RIM 235 with Hardener RIMH 236 E Storage Module [MPa]
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan delta Onset 60,8 C/141,4 F

0,50 0,40 0,30
E(1 Hz) Peak 63,2 C/145,8 F Heat treatment: 50 C/120 F tan d (1 Hz)
0,20 0,10 0,00 -0,10 -0,20
[C] [F]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
50
68
86
104
122
140
158
176
194
212 Temperature
DMA Measuring after heat treatment DMA-TG (peak) tan delta Infusion resin RIM 235 with Hardener RIMH 236
E Storage Module [MPa]

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
tan delta
0,50
Heat treatment: 70 C/158 F
Peak 86,5 C/187,7 F
0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10
E(1 Hz)
Onset 76,6 C/169,9 F
tan d (1 Hz)
0,00 -0,10 -0,20
[C] [F]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
50
68
86
104
122
140
158
176
194
212 Temperature
Measurment conditions Coupon thickness: Heating rate: Frequency: 2 mm 2 K/min 1 Hz

August, 2006
TM
2.1 - 17
Infusion resin RIM 235 / Hardener RIMH 235 [F] [C] Temperature 212 100 176 80 140 60 104 40 68 20 32
0 0 5 10 15 20 25
Development TG3
Heat Treatment at: 80 C/175 F 70 C/160 F 60 C/140 F 50 C/120 F
Time [h] Infusion resin RIM 235 / Hardener RIMH 236 [F] [C] Temperature 212 176 140 104 68 32
100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25
Heat Treatment at: 80 C/175 F 70 C/160 F 60 C/140 F 50 C/120 F
Time [h]
Infusion resin RIM 235 / Hardener RIMH 238 [F] [C] Temperature 212 176 140 104 68 32
100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25
Heat Treatment at: 80 C/175 F 70 C/160 F 60 C/140 F
Time [h]
August, 2006
TM
2.1 - 18
Mechanical data
Density
[g/cm]
1,10 - 1,20
Flexural strength
[N/mm]
100 - 120
[kN/mm]
3,0 - 3,2
Tensile strength
[N/mm]
70 - 80
[N/mm]
80 - 100
Elongation at break
[%]
8 - 12
Impact strength Water absorption at 23C Curing: partly cured / full cure
[KJ/m] 24 h [%] 7 d [%]
60 - 80 0,10 - 0,50 0,20 - 0,80
Advice: Mechanical data are typical for the combination of laminating resin RIM 235 with hardener RIMH 237. Data can differ in other applications.
August, 2006
TM
2.1 - 19

Mechanical data
[N/mm]
440 - 480
450 - 500
380 - 450
[N/mm]
380 - 400
400 - 450
130 - 150
[N/mm]
38 - 42
40 - 45
27 - 30
[kN/mm]
17 - 19
35 - 40
14 - 17
GRC samples: 16 layers of glass fabric, 275 g/m 4 mm thick CRC samples: 8 layers of carbon fabric 200 g/m 2 mm thick SRC samples: 15 layers of aramide fabric, 170 g/m 4 mm thick Fibre content of samples during processing/testing: 40 - 45 vol% Data calculated for fibre content of 43 vol% Typical data according to WL 5.3203 Parts 1 and 2 of the GERMAN AVIATION MATERIALS MANUAL
Sample preparation Curing: 24 hours at 23 C (74 F) + 15 hours at 80 C (176 F)
August, 2006
2.2 - 1
Infusion resin MGS RIM 180

Hardeners MGS RIMH 180 - RIMH 183
Characteristics Application Processing details Specifications Temperature development Mixing ratios Viscosity of mixture TG unconditioned Development of TG DMA Mechanical data page 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 7
Content
Characteristics
Approval -
Application
due to the very low mixing viscosity especially suitable for infusion (RTM, SCRIMP)and pultrusion boat and shipbuilding, sports equipment, model airplanes, moulds and tools -60 C up to +100 C (-75 F up to 210 F) after heat treatment at temperatures between 10 C and 50 C ( 50 and 120 F) all usual processing methods, preferably infusion and injection processes very low mixed viscosity high heat resistance
Processing
Features
good mechanic properties pot life from approx. 45 min. to approx. 5 hours short curing times at high temperatures
Storage
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Infusion resin MGS RIM 180
2.2 - 2
Very low viscous infusion resin systems with different pot lives for processing of glass, carbon and aramide fibers. Due to their good mechanical properties, these systems are suitable for the production of components featuring high static and dynamic loadability. Infusion resin RIM 180 is a modified resin based on bisphenol A/F. It is crystallizationresistant down to -20 C. The hardeners are modifications of cycloaliphatic amines. Due to their chemical structure, the hardeners may crystallize at temperatures below +15 C, which is visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. If crystallisation of either component should be observed, it can be removed by warming up. Slow warming up to approx. 50 C - 60 C (122 F - 140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, respirator). The range of pot lives is between approx. 45 min and approx. 5 hours. Following initial curing at room temperature, the parts are still brittle and require heat treatment at a min. temperature of 50 C (122 F) before processing or demoulding. Direct curing at more elevated temperatures (60-100 C /140-212 F) is possible in the case of thinwalled parts (laminate thicknesses of up to approx. 10 - 20 mm depending on the hardener used). The curing times can be reduced to a few minutes by this. Non-tacky, high-gloss surfaces are obtained even with unfavorable curing conditions, such as low temperatures or high relative humidity. The mixed viscosity is very low, which is especially advantageous for infusion and injection processes. The viscosity is approx. 300 mPas at 20 C (68 F) and can be lowered to approx. 100 - 200 mPas by heating the resin mass (see diagram). This means that even complicated moulded parts with long flow paths can be easily impregnated. The temperature rise with hardeners 182 and 183 remains very low up to a mould temperature of approx. 30 C (85 F), so that even parts with thicker layers can be produced in one shot. The infusion resin systemes do not contain any unreactive components. The raw materials used feature a very low vapour pressure, therefore permitting processing of the material under vacuum even at elevated temperatures (VARIM process). Compatibility problems are not to be expected in combination with gelcoats, various paints (e.g. PUR-based), etc. However, comprehensive tests are indispensable. The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed. Although our resin systems are very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15-30 C (59-85F) and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed.
Application
August, 2006
2.2 - 3
Infusion resin RIM 180 Density Viscosity E p o xyequivalent E p o xyvalue Refractory index
Specifications
1,13 - 1,17 500 - 800 160 - 180 0,56 - 0,63 1,5420 - 1,5440
Hardener RIMH 180 Density Viscosity Amine value Refractory index

Hardener RIMH 181 0,95 - 0,97 10 - 20 650 - 700 1,4860 1,4890
Hardener RIMH 182 0,97 - 0,99 40 - 60 550 - 600 1,4910 1,4930
Hardener RIMH 183 0,93 - 0,97 50 - 100 450 - 500 1,4970 1,4990
[g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g]
0,94 - 0,96 10 - 20 700 - 800 1,5500 1,5520
RIM 180 Average EP Value Average amine equivalent 0,60 -
Hardener RIMH 180 33
Processing details
August, 2006
2.2 - 4
Hardener RIMH 180 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 20 2 100 : 25 2
Hardener RIMH 181 100 : 25 2 100 : 30 2
Hardener RIMH 182 100 : 30 2 100 : 35 2
Hardener RIMH 183 100 : 35 2 100 : 42 2
Mixing ratios
Temperature [F] [C] 120 248 212 100 176 140 104 68 32
80 60 40 20 0 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00
Hardener RIMH 180 45-60 min
Hardener RIMH 181 ca. 2 h
Hardener RIMH 182 ca. 3,5 h
Hardener RIMH 183 ca. 5 h
Time [h] The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 20 C (68 F) and 40C (104 F). Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. An increase in temperature of 10 C (18 F) will halve the pot life. Water (for example very high humidity or contained in fabrics or fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin/ hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant effect on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
August, 2006
2.2 - 5
Infusion resin RIM 180 - Hardener RIMH 182 [mPas] Viskositt
700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

[C] 15 [F] 59
20
68
25
77
30
86
35
95
40
104
45
113
Viscosity of mixture at different temperaturees

Max. TG for heat treatment at 60 C / (140 F) Max. TG for heat treatment at 80 C / (176 F) Max. TG for heat treatment at 100 C / (212 F) Max. TG for heat treatment at 120 C / (248 F)
80 - 85 C 176 - 185 F 90 - 100 C 194 - 212 F 100 - 110 C 212 - 230 F 110 - 120 C 230 - 248 F
TG unconditioned
Infusion resin RIM 180 Hardener RIMH 182 [F] [C] TG3 265 130 250 120 230 110 210 100 195 175 160 140 120
90 80 70 60 50 0 5 10 15 20 25
Development of TG
Heat treatment 120 C/248 F Heat treatment 100 C/212 F Heat treatment 60 C/140 F Heat treatment 50 C/122 F
Sample preparation Initial curing before heat treatment 24 h at room temperature
Time [h]
August, 2006
2.2 - 6
DMA - TG (peak) tan delta infusion resin RIM 180 with hardener RIMH 183 measuring after heat treatment E Storage Modulus [MPa]
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan d
1,20
Onset 75,0 C E Peak 91,4 C
1,00 0,80 0,60
Heat treatment: 15 h 50 C/122 F tan d
0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20
[C] [F]
20 68
40 104
60 140
80 176
100 212
120 248
140 284
160 320
180 356
200 392

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
tan d
1,20 1,00
E Onset 118,2 C Heat treatment: 5 h 160 C/320 F tan d Peak 138,2 C
0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20
[C] [F]
20 68
40 104
60 140
80 176
100 212
120 248
140 284
160 320
180 356
200 392
August, 2006
2.2 - 7
Mechanical data of neat resin Density Flexural strength Modulus of elasticity Tensile strength Compressive strength Elongation at break Impact strength Water absorption at 23C [g/cm] [N/mm] [kN/mm] [N/mm] [N/mm] [%] [KJ/m] 24 h [%] 7 d [%] 1,15 - 1,20 100 - 120 3,0 - 3,5 70 - 80 80 - 100 5-7 60 - 80 0,10 - 0,30 0,40 - 0,60
Mechanical data
Curing: 24 h at 20-25 C (68-77 F) + 15 h at 80 C (176 F) Typical data according to WL 5.3203 Parts 1 and 2 of the German Aviation Materials Manual.
Advice: Mechanical data are typical for the combination of infusion resin RIM 180 with hardener RIMH 182. Data can differ in other applications.
August, 2006
2.2 - 8

GRC Glass fibre [N/mm] [KSI] [N/mm] [KSI] [N/mm2] [KSI] [N/mm] [KSI] [kN/mm] [KSI] 480 - 510 70 - 74 380 - 400 55 - 58 320 - 350 46 - 51 40 - 45 6-7 26 - 27 3700 - 3900 CRC Carbon fibre 690 - 720 100 - 104 530 - 550 77 - 80 360 - 390 52 - 57 49 - 52 7-8 43 - 45 6200 - 6500 SR C Aramide fibre 340 - 360 49 - 52 480 - 520 70 - 75 140 - 160 20 - 23 28 - 32 4-5 21 - 23 3000 - 3300
Mechanical data
August, 2006
2.2 - 9

Hardeners RIMH 233
Characteristics Application Processing details Mixing ratios Specifications Temperature development Gel time Viscosity of mixture Viscosity development DMA Development TG3 DSC page 9 10 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 15
Content
Characteristics
Approval -
Application
dedicated for infusion processes and hand lay-up small parts for boat and shipbuilding, sports equipment, model construction, tooling and moulding -60 C bis +80 C (-76 F up to 176 F) after heat treatment
Processing
Features
low viscosity pot life approx. 10 minutes economically priced, physiologically compatible
Storage
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Infusion resin MGS RIM 235 / Hardener MGS RIMH 233

2.2 - 10
RIM 235 is an infusion resin for manufacturing small composite parts. This epoxy resin system is specially suited to process all state of the art fabrics, such as glass, carbon or aramide using common infusion techiques such as VARIM, SCRIMP or RIM. The Infusion resin system RIM 235 remains practically free of crystallisation, even if it is stored at low temperatures (<15 C/ <59 F). As the formulation contains only a very low percentage of reactice diluent, this system shows a particularly good physiological compatibility, even if it is being worked in open moulded processes. Although the initial cure at room temperature is good, the full mechanical properties will only be obtained after a suitable post cure cycle. Especially for operations at elevated temperatures (maximum 80 C/176 F), such a post cure cycle is required to obtain the required thermal stability. For optimum mechanical properties a heat treatment of minimum 50C is required. Optimum processing temperatures are in the range of 20-40C (68-104 F). Potlife with hardener RIMH 233 at 30 C/86 F is app. 10 min. After initial cure at room temperature some heat treatment at 40-50 C (104-122 F) is recommended before demoulding. RIM 235 features an low mixed visosity, resulting in fast and complete fiber wetting at a high transportation rate in infusion processes. This combination is also suitable for using hand lay-up techniques. Although RIM 235 is very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15-30 C (59-86 F) and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. The materials have a shelf life of minimum 2 years, when stored in their originally sealed containers.
Application
August, 2006

2.2 - 11
Infusion resin RIM 235 Density Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Amine value Refractory index
Hardener RIMH 233 0,96 - 1,00 50 - 100 500 - 600 1,500 - 1,515
Specifications
[g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent/ 100 g] [mgKOH/g]
1,14 - 1,18 800 - 1200 161 - 181 0,55 - 0,62 1,55-1,56
Processing details
Infusion resin RIM 235 : Hardener RIMH 233 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 34 2 100 : 41 2
Mixing ratios
The mixing ratio stated must be observed carefully. Adding more or less hardener will not result in a faster or slower cure, only incomplete curing with limited performance, that can not be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must be mixed carefully. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. Special attention must be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container.
August, 2006

2.2 - 12
[F] [C] Temperature 482 250 392 200 302 150 212 100 122 32
50 0 00:00 00:05 00:10 00:15 00:20 00:25 00:30
Time [hh:mm]
The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 40 C. Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. An increase in temperature of 10 C will halve the pot life. Water (for example very high humidity or contained in fabrics or fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin / hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant impact on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
Infusion resin RIM 235 : Hardener RIMH 233 20 - 25 C 68 - 77 F 40 - 45 C 104 - 113 F app. 1,5-2,5 h app. 1-1,5 h
Gel time
August, 2006

2.2 - 13
[mPas] Viscosity
2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
[C] [F]
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
59
68
77
86
95
104 Temperature
Measuring conditions: Investigation in rotation viscosimeter, cone-plate configuration measuring gap: 0,05mm
[mPas] Viscosity
10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time [min] Measuring conditions: Investigation in rotation viscosimeter, cone-plate configuration measuring gap: 0,05mm
August, 2006

2.2 - 14
DMA Measuring after heat treatment 15 h 50 C/122 F DMA-TG (peak) tan delta Infusion resin RIM 235 with Hardener RIMH 233 E Storage Modulus [MPa]
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan delta
1,05 0,90 0,75 0,60 0,45 0,30 0,15
E (1 Hz)
Onset 69,3 C/156,7 F Peak 84,2 C/183,6 F
tan d (1 Hz)
20 68 40 104 60 140 80 176 100 212 120 248 140 284
0,00 -0,15
[C] [F]
Temperature DMA Measuring after heat treatment 15 h 70 C/ 158 F DMA-TG (peak) tan delta Infusion resin RIM 235 with Hardener RIMH 233 E Storage Modulus [MPa]
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
tan delta
1,05
E (1 Hz) Onset 85,8 C/186,4 F
Peak 98,4 C/209,1 F
0,90 0,75 0,60 0,45 0,30 0,15 0,00
tan d (1 Hz)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
-0,15
[C] [F]
68
104
140
176
212
248
284 Temperature
Measurment conditions Coupon thickness: Heating rate: Frequency: 2 mm 2 K/min 1 Hz
August, 2006

2.2 - 15
Infusion resin RIM 235 / Hardener RIMH 235 [F] [C] Temperature 212 100,0 176 140 104 68 32
80,0
50 C/122 F Heat Treatment at: 80 C/176 F 70 C/158 F
Development TG3 DSC
60,0 40,0 20,0 0,0 0 5 10 15 20 25
Time [h]
August, 2006
2.2 - 16

Hardener MGS RIMH 435
Characteristics Specification Mixing ratios Gel time Temperature development Viscosity development Viscosity of mixture Development of TG DMA Mechanical data page 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 20
Content
Characteristics
Approval -
Application
very low viscosity, specially designed for ring infusion -60 C up to +50 C (-75 F up to 120 F) without heat treatment -60 C up to +70 C (-75 F up to 158 F) after heat treatment at temperatures between 15 C and 40 C (59 F - 104 F) Potlife app. 1,5 hours very low viscosity excellent initial curing properties and TG development
Processing
Features
Potlife app. 1,5 hours good mechanical properties, particularly high compressive strength
Storage
August, 2006
2.2 - 17
Infusion resin RIM 426 Density Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Amine value Refractory index
Hardener RIMH 435 0,935 - 0,945 5 - 40 620 - 680 1,4830 - 1,4860
Specification
[g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent/ 100g] [mg KOH/g]
1,14 - 1,18 450 - 750 158 - 172 0,59 - 0,63 1,5520 - 1,5550
Infusion resin RIM 426 : Hardener RIMH 435 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 26 2 100 : 32 2
Mixing ratios
Infusi on resi n RIM 426 : Hardener RIMH 435 20 C - 25 C 68 F - 77 F 40 C - 45 C 104 F - 113 F app. 5,5 - 6 hours app. 2 - 2,5 hours
Gel time
August, 2006
2.2 - 18
[F] [C] Temperature 482 250 392 200 302 150 212 100 122 50 32
0 0:00 0:15 0:30 0:45 1:00 1:15 1:30 1:45 2:00
Quantity: 100g in air at 23 C (73,4 F)
Time [h]
Viscosity of the mixture at different temperatures

[mPas] Viscosity 700
600 500 400 300 200 100 0 15 20 25 30 35 40
Temperature [C]
Viscosity development at 40C in thin layer

[mPas] Viscosity 12000
10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 0 50 100 150 200 Time [min]
August, 2006
2.2 - 19
[F] 212 194 176 158 140 122 104 86 68 50 32
[C] TG
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5
Development of TG
TG3 TG2 TG1
10
15
20
25
Time [h] Heat treatment 70 C (158 F)

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
tan d Peak 108 C (226,4 F)

0,70 0,60
DMA
Onset 92 C (197,6 F) E(1 Hz)
0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20
tan d(1 Hz)
0,10 0,00
[C] [F]
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
32
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320 Temperature
Measuring conditions: Frequency: 1Hz Coupon thickness: Heating rate: 2mm 2K/min
August, 2006
2.2 - 20
Mechanical / physikal data of neat resin Tensile strength modulus of elasticity in tension tensile strain at break Flexural strength Flexural modulus Bending strain Compressive strength Compressive strain Density Water absorption 12 h 90 C (194 F) 12 h 90 C (194 F) [MPa] [[MPa] 79,8 2950 EN ISO 527-2 EN ISO 527-2
Mechanical data
12 h 90 C (194 F) 12 h 90 C (194 F) 12 h 90 C (194 F) 12 h 90 C (194 F) 12 h 90 C (194 F) 12 h 90 C (194 F) at 23 C (73,4 F) 24 h 23 C (73,4 F) 168 h 23 C (73,4 F)
[%] [[MPa] [[MPa] [%] [[MPa] [%] [g/cm] [%] [%]
9,6 120,8 3240 12,9 109,2 14,0 1,12 0,11 0,35
EN ISO 527-2 DIN EN ISO 178 DIN EN ISO 178 DIN EN ISO 178 DIN EN ISO 604 DIN EN ISO 604 DIN 53479 DIN 53479
August, 2006
2.2 - 21

EPIKURETM Curing Agent MGS RIM H 936 / 937
Characteristics Application Specifications Processing details Mixing ratios Viscosity development Temperature development Viscosity of mixture Glass transition temperature (TG) unconditioned DMA page 21 22 23 24 24 24 25 25 26 26
Content
Characteristics
Approval -
Application
application that require high heat resistances, boat- and shipbuilding, automotive, tooling and moulding
-60 C up to +130 C (-76F up to +266 F) after suitable heat treatment at temperatures between 15 C and 50 C (59 F-122 F) , preferably 25 C - 35 C (77 F - 95 F), infusion, hand lay-up and others very high heat resistance, low mixed viscosity, good mechanical properties potlife approx. 2-5 h short curing times at elevated temperatures on request
Processing
Features
Storage
August, 2006
TM
2.2 - 22
Low viscous infusion resin system for processing of woven and none crimp multiaxial fabrics of low to high areal weight. Due to its very good mechanical properties, these system is suitable for the production of components featuring high static and dynamic loadability and high heat resistance. Infusion resin RIM 935 is based on bisphenol A/F resin. Hardener RIMH 936 and RIMH 937 are a modification of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic amines. As crystallisation of both A and B component is possible, special care should be given to this issue. It appears as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. Before processing, the crystallization must be removed by warming up. Potlife (100 g mixed at 30 C/86 F) is approximately 2 hours for RIMH 936 and 3,5 h for RIMH 937. Optimum viscosities for infusion are realized at temperatures in the range of 25 - 35 C (77 F - 95 F). Pot life is then between approx. 1 h (RIMH 236 at 40C/104 F) to 5 h (RIMH 937 at 25C/77 F). Following initial curing at room temperature, the parts are still brittle and require heat treatment at a min. temperature of 50 C/122 F before processing or demolding. Direct curing at Selevated temperatures (60 C-100 C/140 F-212 F) is possible . The curing time can be reduced to a few minutes by this. Non-tacky, high-gloss surfaces are obtained even with unfavorable curing conditions, such as low temperatures or high relative humidity. The Infusion resin systems does not contain any unreactive components. All raw materials and additives feature a very low vapor pressure, therefore permitting processing of the material under vacuum even at elevated temperatures. Compatibility problems are not to be expected in combination with suitable gelcoats, various paints (e.g. PURbased), etc. However, comprehensive tests are indispensable. These hardeners can be stored for at least 24 months in their carefully sealed original containers. Even though it is unlikely, these hardeners may crystallize at temperatures below +15 C. The crystallization is visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. If crystallisation of either component should be observed, it can removed by warming up. Slow warming up to approx. 50 C-60C (122 F-140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, respirator equipment). The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed.
Application
August, 2006
TM
2.2 - 23
Infusion resin RIM 935 Density Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] g/equivalent equivalent /100g
Specifications
1,14 - 1,2 300 - 600 155 - 165 0,61 - 0,64 1,5350-1,5450
Hardener RIMH 936 Density Viscosity Amine value Refrectory index [g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g] 0,92 - 0,97 10 - 50 550 - 650 1,4850 - 1,4920
Hardener RIMH 937 0,95 - 0,96 30 - 100 450 - 500 1,485 - 1,505
August, 2006
TM
2.2 - 24
Injection resin RIM 935 Average EP Value Average amine equivalent 0,63 -
Hardener RIMH 937
Processing details
59
RIM 935 : RIMH 936 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 29 2 100 : 35 2
RIM 935 : RIMH 937 100 : 38 2 100 : 45 2
Mixing ratios
The specified mixing ratios must be observed as exactly as possible. Adding more or less hardener will not result in a faster or slower reaction - but in incomplete curing which cannot be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must be mixed very thoroughly. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. Pay special attention to the walls and the bottom of the mixing container.
Viscosity development at 40C in thin layer

[mPas] Viscosity
40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195
RIMH 937
RIMH 936
Time [min]
August, 2006
TM
2.2 - 25
[F]
[C] Temperature RIMH 936 RIMH 937
320 160 284 140 248 120 212 100 176 140 104 68 32
80 60 40 20 0 01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
Time [hh:mm] Quantity: 100g in air at 30 C (86 F) The optimal processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 25C (68 - 77F). Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. A rise in temperature of 10 C (18F) will halve the pot life. Water ( for example very high humidity or contained in fillers ) causes an acceleration of the resin/hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant effect on the strength of the cured product.
Viscosity of the mixture at different temperatures

[mPas] Viscosity
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
RIMH 937
RIMH 936
[C] [F]
15
20
25
30
35
40
59
68
77
86
95
104
August, 2006
TM
2.2 - 26
Max. TG at 80 C (176 F) post cure Max. TG at 100 C (212 F) post cure Max. TG at 140 C (284 F) post cure
90-100 C (194-212 F) 105-120 C (221-248 F) 135-150 C (275-302 F)
Glass transition temperature (TG) unconditioned
DMA-Measuring after heat treatment DMA-TG(peak) tan delta: Infusion resin RIM 935 with hardener RIMH 937 [N/mm] E Storage Modulus 4000 E 3500
3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan delta 0,40 Peak 119,4C (246,92 F) 0,35 Onset: 112,1C (233,78 F) 0,30
0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10
Post cure: 12 h 95 C
tan delta
20 68 40 104 60 140 80 176 100 212 120 248 140 284
0,05 0,00 160 320
[C] [F]
[N/mm] E Storage Modulus

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
tan delta Peak 146,9 C (296,42 F) Onset: 132,6 C (270,68 F)

0,40 0,35 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10
Post cure : 5 h 160 C
tan delta
20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0,05 0,00 160
[C] [F]
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
Measuring conditions: Frequency: 1Hz Coupon thickness: Heating rate: 2mm 2K/min
August, 2006
3-1
Tooling Gelcoat MGS F 260

Hardener MGS F 260 / F 16
Characteristics Application Processing details Specification Mixing ratios Consumption page 1 2 6 6 6 7
Content
Application
production of composite tooling with hard layers and high edge strengsths
Characteristics
up to +120 C (up to 248 F)
Hardener F 260: cures at room temperature (20-25 C/ 68-77 F), heat resistance of app. 50 C (122 F) Hardener F 16: Processing after heat treatment at 60 C (140 F) reaches heat resistance of app. 60 C (140 F) after heat treatment at 90 C (194 F) reaches heat resistance of app. 100 C (212 F) otimal processing temperatures: 20-25 C (68-77 F) modified with extremely hard fillers Features very high compression and edge strengths only reworkable with suitable tools Spacial modifications
on request
Storage
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Tooling gelcoat MGS F 260
3-2
Our mould resins (also called mould cover layer, mould gelcoat, fine mould layer, primer resins and surface resins) are used in the manufacture of synthetic resin moulds. The requirements placed on moulds determine the selection of the resin system. The tooling gelcoat F 260 is modified with hard fillers. This system is distinguished by very high compression and edge strengths. Due to these characteristics, reworking after curing is hardly possible (requires carbide steel or diamond tools). The standard colour is black. Different hardeners can be used depending on the heat resistance required. The combination of F 260 / Hardener F 260 completely cures at room temperature (2025 C) and reaches heat resistances of approx. 50 C. Use with hardener F 16 to obtain heat resistances of approx. 60 C following heat treatment at 60 C and of approx. 90 C following heat treatment at 100 C. Important All work for the manufacturing of epoxy resin moulds (and parts) must be performed "wet-in-wet" in order to achieve good chemical bonding of the layers. Application of further layers to partially hardened (dust-dry) surfaces inevitably results in insufficient bonding, and even a small amount of stress will cause the layers to separate. Always use slowly reacting laminating resin systems to produce thicker laminates or backfills. Highly reactive systems may heat up considerably due to reaction heat and cause thermal shrinking by a factor of between 4 and 5 %. The moulds or parts are then distorted and unusable. Overheating may also have further consequences such as destruction of the master, melting of the parting wax (preventing removal from the mould), "freezing" of high shrinkage stresses which may cause the formation of cracks in the mould resin. Processing The optimal processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 25 C. Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. A 10 C temperature increase will halve the pot life. Water (for example, very high humidity of the ambient air) causes an acceleration of the resin-hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant effect on the strength of the hardened product. The specified mixing ratios must be observed as precisely as possible. Adding more or less hardener will not effect a faster or slower reaction - only an incomplete curing of the mold material which cannot be corrected by reworking. Stirring
Application
August, 2006
3-3
Since the mould resins contain heavy fillers (metal powder), the contents of the container must be stirred thoroughly before using the resin. Use a spatula or metal bar to check whether or not all filler sediment has been stirred up. If you detect deposits on the container bottom, we recommend the following procedure: Transfer the entire contents of the container to an appropriate empty container. Then remove the filler sediment (solid deposit) from the bottom with a spatula and add to the resin while stirring. Stir until the filler is uniformly distributed in the resin (e.g., using a power drill with an agitator attachment). When mixing resin and hardener, particular attention should be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing tank due to the different viscosities of the components. Since mould resin not thoroughly mixed and processed makes the entire mould unusable, the following procedure is recommended: Evacuation Weigh the resin and hardener as accurately as possible and mix thoroughly - preferably using a power drill with an agitator blade. Transfer the resin-hardener mixture to a large, new mixing tank and mix thoroughly once more. Then remove the air entrapped by stirring by means of evacuation since the air bubbles cannot rise after application due to the toughness of the product and the short gelling time. Use a glass desiccator with a suitable vacuum pump, e.g., a water suction pump, sliding-vane rotary pump, etc. (available at a reasonable price in laboratory equipment stores). The mixing tank used for evacuation must have at least three times the volume of the resin-hardener mixture. When the vacuum is applied, the air bubbles expand, thereby increasing of a numerous volume of the mixture, before the air bubbles burst and the mass "collapses". This process can be observed very well in a glass desiccator. The vacuum pump's power must be sufficient to complete the evacuation within a maximum of 5 minutes due to the short pot life of the resin-hardener systems. Do not mix large quantities with elevated processing temperatures - this is particularly applicable to these highly reactive mould resin systems. Since the heat flow from the mixing tank is very low, the contents will warm up very fast because of the reaction heat (exothermal resin-hardener reaction). This can result in temperatures above 200 C which cause smoke-intensive burning of the resin-hardener mixture.
The appropriate industrial safety regulations must be observed when processing epoxy resins and hardeners. Also refer to the instruction sheet for safe processing of epoxy and polyester resins, issued by BG Chemie. Building negative molds
August, 2006
3-4
A minimum of 2 layers of a suitable mould resin system are applied to the master which has been carefully treated with the parting agent. Allow the second layer to gel for a short period and then apply the so-called "bonding layer". This layer must assure the bonding between the mold resin layers and the backfill. Generally, the best solution is to use the same slowly reacting laminating resin system used in the backfill. To make sure that a thin layer is present even on vertical surfaces, add a thixotroping agent (e.g., Aerosil) to the mixture. Ready-made thixotropic laminating resins are also available (e.g., laminating resin L 160 T). The entire surface of the model is carefully painted with the thixotropic laminating resin mixture after a brief gelling period (consumption approx. 200 - 300 g/m2). Then the mould resin layers must cure for additional approx. 2 - 3 hours, depending on the temperature - to prevent fibers or backfill material from penetrating into the soft mould resin layer. The backfill is then applied to the bonding layer. Use a glass or carbon fiber laminate or a backfill mass containing aluminum powder or quartz sand depending on the requirements. If low mould weight is required, you can also make a sandwich. Satisfactory results can also be obtained with spacer fabrics. If the moulds are used at different temperatures, it is essential for the mould to be symmetrical. Asymmetrical moulds will distort during warming up due to the different materials' coefficients of thermal expansion, e.g., bimetal parts. Built-in metal parts such as copper pipes for heating or cooling, steel bars for bracing, etc., must be thoroughly treated with a parting agent before installation. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the synthetic resin materials and of the metals differ widely, causing considerable stress build-up during warming which may destroy the mould. Storage Although our resin systems are very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15-30 C (59-86 F) and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. Crystallization is visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. If crystallisation of either component should be observed, it can removed by warming up. Slow warming up to approx. 50 C - 60C (122 F - 140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, respirator. The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed.
August, 2006
3-5
Backfill masses Rugged and inexpensive moulds can be built with backfill masses. A disadvantage of these masses is their heavy weight. Recommended formula for an easily workable backfill mass:
Parts by weight Laminating resin-hardener mixture Quartz powder (e. g., W 8) Fine quartz sand (0.3 - 0.8 mm) Coarse quartz sand (2 - 3.5 mm) 20 20 30 30
Laminating resin systems for mould building Always use slowly reacting laminating resin systems to produce thicker laminates or backfills. Highly reactive systems may heat up considerably due to reaction heat and cause thermal shrinking by a factor of between 4 and 5 %. The molds or parts are then distorted and unusable.
Application temperatures Laminating resin L 135 / Hardener 137 Laminating resin L 285 / Hardener 287 Laminating resin L 160 / Hardener 260S Laminating resin L 418 / Hardener 418 Laminating resin L 326 / Hardener 260S up to 60 C (140 F) up tp 80 C (176 F) up to 100 C (212 F) up to 120 C (248 F)
August, 2006
3-6
Tooling gelcoat F 260 Density Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Amine value [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent/ 100g] [g/equivalent] thixotrop 560 - 625
Hardener F 260 0,94 - 1,01 800 - 1200 380 - 430
Hardener F 16 0,95 - 0,99 600 - 1300 405 - 460
Specification
tooli ng gelcoat F 260 Hardener F 260 Potlife Gel time Setting H eat treatment 100 g / 25 C (77 F) 1 mm Schi cht at 25 C (77 F) 25 - 30 mi n app. 2 - 3 h 24 h not requi red
tooli ng gelcoat F 260 Hardener F 16 25 - 30 mi n app. 2 - 3 h i ni ti al curi ng 60 - 150 C (140-302 F)
Processing details
F 260 : Hardener F260 / F16 Parts by w eight 100 : 10 1
Mixing ratios
August, 2006
3-7
The general recommendation is to apply at least 2 layers. The following quantities are required (for 2 layers) due to the differing densities:
Consumption
Tooling gelcoat F260 Consumption 2,5 - 3,0 kg/m
August, 2006
3-8
Tooling Gelcoat MGS F 280

Hardener MGS F 260 / F 16
Characteristics Application Specification Processing details Mixing ratios Consumption page 8 9 13 13 13 14
Content
Characteristics
Application production of composite tooling with high thermal conductivity
up to +120 C (up to 248 F)
Hardener F 260: cures at room temperature (20-25 C/ 68-77 F), heat resistance of app. 50 C (122 F) Hardener F 16: Processing after heat treatment at 60 C (140 F) reaches heat resistance of app. 60 C (140 F) after heat treatment at 90 C (194 F) reaches heat resistance of app. 100 C (212 F) otimal processing temperatures: 20-25 C (68-77 F) modified with aluminium powder Features very good heat conductivity easily reworkable with usual metal tools
Storage
August, 2006
3-9
Our mould resins (also called mould cover layer, mould gelcoat, fine mould layer, primer resins and surface resins) are used in the manufacture of synthetic resin moulds. The requirements placed on moulds determine the selection of the resin system. Moold resin F 280 has been modified with aluminium powder. This causes good heat conductivity. Due to the high contents of aluminium powder, the coefficient of thermal expansion is similar to pure aluminium. Cured parts are easily reworkable with the usual metal tools. Various hardeners can be used depending on the heat resistance required. The combination of F 280 / Hardener F 260 completely cures at room temperature (2025 C) and attains heat resistances of approx. 50 C. Use with hardener F 16 to obtain heat resistances of approx. 60 C following heat treatment at 60 C and of approx. 90 C following heat treatment at 100 C. Important All work for the manufacturing of epoxy resin moulds (and parts) must be performed "wet-in-wet" in order to achieve good chemical bonding of the layers. Application of further layers to partially hardened (dust-dry) surfaces inevitably results in insufficient bonding, and even a small amount of stress will cause the layers to separate. Always use slowly reacting laminating resin systems to produce thicker laminates or backfills. Highly reactive systems may heat up considerably due to reaction heat and cause thermal shrinking by a factor of between 4 and 5 %. The moulds or parts are then distorted and unusable. Overheating may also have further consequences such as destruction of the master, melting of the parting wax (preventing removal from the mould), "freezing" of high shrinkage stresses which may cause the formation of cracks in the mould resin. Processing The optimal processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 25 C. Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. A 10 C temperature increase will halve the pot life. Water (for example, very high humidity of the ambient air) causes an acceleration of the resin-hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant effect on the strength of the hardened product. The specified mixing ratios must be observed as precisely as possible. Adding more or less hardener will not effect a faster or slower reaction - only an incomplete curing of the mold material which cannot be corrected by reworking. Stirring
Application
August, 2006
3 - 10
Since the mould resins contain heavy fillers (metal powder), the contents of the container must be stirred thoroughly before using the resin. Use a spatula or metal bar to check whether or not all filler sediment has been stirred up. If you detect deposits on the container bottom, we recommend the following procedure: Transfer the entire contents of the container to an appropriate empty container. Then remove the filler sediment (solid deposit) from the bottom with a spatula and add to the resin while stirring. Stir until the filler is uniformly distributed in the resin (e.g., using a power drill with an agitator attachment). When mixing resin and hardener, particular attention should be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing tank due to the different viscosities of the components. Since mould resin not thoroughly mixed and processed makes the entire mould unusable, the following procedure is recommended: Evacuation Weigh the resin and hardener as accurately as possible and mix thoroughly - preferably using a power drill with an agitator blade. Transfer the resin-hardener mixture to a large, new mixing tank and mix thoroughly once more. Then remove the air entrapped by stirring by means of evacuation since the air bubbles cannot rise after application due to the toughness of the product and the short gelling time. Use a glass desiccator with a suitable vacuum pump, e.g., a water suction pump, sliding-vane rotary pump, etc. (available at a reasonable price in laboratory equipment stores). The mixing tank used for evacuation must have at least three times the volume of the resin-hardener mixture. When the vacuum is applied, the air bubbles expand, thereby increasing the volume of the mixture 2- or 3-fold, before the air bubbles burst and the mass "collapses". This process can be observed very well in a glass desiccator. The vacuum pump's power must be sufficient to complete the evacuation within a maximum of 5 minutes due to the short pot life of the resin-hardener systems. Do not mix large quantities with elevated processing temperatures - this is particularly applicable to these highly reactive mould resin systems. Since the heat flow from the mixing tank is very low, the contents will warm up very fast because of the reaction heat (exothermal resin-hardener reaction). This can result in temperatures above 200 C which cause smoke-intensive burning of the resin-hardener mixture.
The appropriate industrial safety regulations must be observed when processing epoxy resins and hardeners. Also refer to the instruction sheet for safe processing of epoxy and polyester resins, issued by BG Chemie. Building negative molds
August, 2006
3 - 11
A minimum of 2 layers of a suitable mould resin system are applied to the master which has been carefully treated with the parting agent. Allow the second layer to gel for a short period and then apply the so-called "bonding layer". This layer must assure the bonding between the mold resin layers and the backfill. Generally, the best solution is to use the same slowly reacting laminating resin system used in the backfill. To make sure that a thin layer is present even on vertical surfaces, add a thixotroping agent (e.g., Aerosil) to the mixture. Ready-made thixotropic laminating resins are also available (e.g., laminating resin L 160 T). The entire surface of the model is carefully painted with the thixotropic laminating resin mixture after a brief gelling period (consumption approx. 200 - 300 g/m2). Then the mould resin layers must cure for additional approx. 2 - 3 hours, depending on the temperature - to prevent fibers or backfill material from penetrating into the soft mould resin layer. The backfill is then applied to the bonding layer. Use a glass or carbon fiber laminate or a backfill mass containing aluminum powder or quartz sand depending on the requirements. If low mould weight is required, you can also make a sandwich. Satisfactory results can also be obtained with spacer fabrics. If the moulds are used at different temperatures, it is essential for the mould to be symmetrical. Asymmetrical moulds will distort during warming up due to the different materials' coefficients of thermal expansion, e.g., bimetal parts. Built-in metal parts such as copper pipes for heating or cooling, steel bars for bracing, etc., must be thoroughly treated with a parting agent before installation. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the synthetic resin materials and of the metals differ widely, causing considerable stress build-up during warming which may destroy the mould. Storage Although our resin systems are very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15-30 C (59-86 F) and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. Crystallization is visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. If crystallisation of either component should be observed, it can removed by warming up. Slow warming up to approx. 50 C - 60C (122 F - 140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, respirator. The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed.
August, 2006
3 - 12
Parts by weight Laminating resin-hardener mixture Quartz powder (e. g., W 8) Fine quartz sand (0.3 - 0.8 mm) Coarse quartz sand (2 - 3.5 mm) 20 20 30 30
Laminating resin systems for mould building Always use slowly reacting laminating resin systems to produce thicker laminates or backfills. Highly reactive systems may heat up considerably due to reaction heat and cause thermal shrinking by a factor of between 4 and 5 %. The molds or parts are then distorted and unusable.
Application temperatures Laminating resin L 135 / Hardener 137 Laminating resin L 285 / Hardener 287 Laminating resin L 160 / Hardener 260S Laminating resin L 418 / Hardener 418 Laminating resin L 326 / Hardener 260S up to 60 C (140 F) up tp 80 C (176 F) up to 100 C (212 F) up to 120 C (248 F)
August, 2006
3 - 13
Tooling gelcoat F 280 Density Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Amine value [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent/ 100g] [g/equivalent] thixotrop 500 - 600
Hardener F 260 0,94 - 1,01 800 - 1200 380 - 430
Hardener F 16 0,95 - 0,99 600 - 1300 405 - 460
Specification
tooli ng gelcoat F 280 Hardener F 260 Potlife Gel time Setting H eat treatment 100 g / 25 C (77 F) 1 mm Schi cht at 25 C (77 F) 25 - 30 mi n app. 2 - 3 h 24 h not requi red
tooli ng gelcoat F 280 Hardener F 16 25 - 30 mi n app. 2 - 3 h i ni ti al curi ng 60 - 150 C (140-302 F)
Processing details
F 280 : Hardener F 260 / F16 Parts by w eight 100 : 10 1
Mixing ratios
August, 2006
3 - 14
The general recommendation is to apply at least 2 layers. The following quantities are required (for 2 layers) due to the differing densities:
Consumption
Tooling gelcoat F 280 Consumption 2,5 - 3,0 kg/m
August, 2006
3 - 15
Tooling gelcoat MGS F 300

Hardener MGS F 300
Characteristics Application Specifications Processing details Mixing ratios DMA page 15 16 20 20 20 21
Content
Characteristics
Application tooling
up to 150 C (302 F)
Processing
mixing and application by hand or by machine
provides hard, scratch resistant surface Features long open time high heat resistance Special modifications
on request
Storage
August, 2006
3 - 16
F 300 is a tooling gelcoat, which has been modified with special fillers. Tooling produced with this resin system result in sratch resistant surfaces in combination with a high heat resistance after a suitable post cure. The very hard surface is worked best with diamond tools. The tooling gelcoat features high stability and good heat conductibility. Special care should be taken for a good preparation of the plug, as finishing of the surface might be difficult due to its high hardness. As the material shows a very high potential heat stability, the material properties after an initial cure at room temperature are too poor to be sufficient for demoulding. Therefore, a heat treatment of minimum 10 hours at minimum 50 C is required before further processing. The material can then slowly be brought to its final thermal properties by using post cure techniques at elevated temperatures. It is good workshop practice to ramp up to a post cure temperature that exceeds the planned operational temperature. Important All work for the manufacturing of epoxy resin moulds (and parts) must be performed "wet-in-wet" in order to achieve good chemical bonding of the layers. Application of further layers to partially hardened (dust-dry) surfaces inevitably results in insufficient bonding, and even a small amount of stress will cause the layers to separate. Always use slowly reacting laminating resin systems to produce thicker laminates or backfills. Highly reactive systems may heat up considerably due to reaction heat and cause thermal stresses. The moulds or parts are then possibly distorted and unusable. Overheating may also have further consequences such as destruction of the master, melting of the parting wax (preventing removal from the mould), "freezing" of high shrinkage stresses which may cause the formation of cracks in the mould resin. Consumption The general recommendation is to apply 1-2 layers. The following quantities are required (for 2 layers): F 300 with hardener F 300: 2,0 - 3kg/m Processing The optimal processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 25 C. Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. A 10 C temperature increase will halve the pot life. Water (for example, very high humidity of the ambient air) causes an acceleration of the resin-hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant effect on the strength of the cured product. The specified mixing ratios must be observed as precisely as possible. Adding more
Application
August, 2006
3 - 17
or less hardener will not effect a faster or slower reaction - only an incomplete curing of the material which cannot be corrected by reworking. Since the tooling gelcoat contains heavy fillers (metal powder), the contents of the container must be stirred thoroughly before using the resin. Use a spatula or metal bar to check whether or not all filler sediment has been stirred up. If you detect deposits on the container bottom, we recommend the following procedure: Transfer the entire contents of the container to an appropriate empty container. Then remove the filler sediment (solid deposit) from the bottom with a spatula and add to the resin while stirring. Stir until the filler is uniformly distributed in the resin (e.g., using a power drill with an agitator attachment). When mixing resin and hardener, particular attention should be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing tank due to the different viscosities of the components. Since mould resin not thoroughly mixed and processed makes the entire mould unusable, the following procedure is recommended: Evacuation: Weigh the resin and hardener as accurately as possible and mix thoroughly - preferably using a power drill with an agitator blade. Transfer the resin-hardener mixture to a large, new mixing tank and mix thoroughly once more. Then remove the air entrapped by stirring by means of evacuation since the air bubbles cannot rise after application due to the toughness of the product and the short gelling time. Use a glass desiccator with a suitable vacuum pump, e.g., a water suction pump, sliding-vane rotary pump, etc. (available at a reasonable price in laboratory equipment stores). The mixing tank used for evacuation must have at least three times the volume of the resinhardener mixture. When the vacuum is applied, the air bubbles expand, thereby increasing the volume of the mixture 2- or 3-fold, before the air bubbles burst and the mass "collapses". This process can be observed very well in a glass desiccator. The vacuum pump's power must be sufficient to complete the evacuation within a maximum of 5 minutes due to the short pot life of the resin-hardener systems. The appropriate industrial safety regulations must be observed when processing epoxy resins and hardeners. Also refer to the instruction sheet for safe processing of epoxy and polyester resins, issued by BG Chemie. Building negative moulds Typically 2 layers of a suitable mould resin system are applied to the master which has been carefully treated with the parting agent. Allow the last layer to gel for a short period and then apply the so-called "bonding layer". This layer must assure the bonding between the mould resin layers and the backfill. Generally, the best solution is to use the same slowly reacting laminating resin system used in the backfill. To make sure that a thin layer is present even on vertical surfaces, add a thixotroping agent (e.g., Aerosil) to the mixture. Ready-made thixotropic laminating resins are also available (e.g., laminating resin L 160 T).
August, 2006
3 - 18
The entire surface of the model is carefully painted with the thixotropic laminating resin mixture after a brief gelling period (consumption approx. 200 - 300 g/m2). Then the mould resin layers must cure for additional approx. 2 - 3 hours, depending on the temperature - to prevent fibers or backfill material from penetrating into the soft mould resin layer. The backfill is then applied to the bonding layer. Use a glass or carbon fiber laminate or a backfill mass containing aluminum powder or quartz sand depending on the requirements. If low mould weight is required, a sandwich structure may be an efficiant solution. Satisfactory results can also be obtained with spacer fabrics. If the moulds are used at different temperatures, it is essential for the mould to be of symmetrical construction. Asymmetrical moulds will distort during warming up due to the different materials' coefficients of thermal expansion, just as bimetal parts do. Built-in metal parts such as copper pipes for heating or cooling, steel bars for bracing, etc., must be thoroughly treated with a parting agent before installation. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the synthetic resin materials and of the metals differ widely, causing considerable stress build-up during warming which may destroy the mould. Storage Although our resin systems are very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15 - 30 C and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable.
August, 2006
3 - 19
Parts by weight Laminating resin-hardener mixture Quartz powder, e. g. , W 8 Fine quartz sand (0.3 - 0.8 mm) Coarse quartz sand (2 - 3.5 mm) 20 20 30 30
Laminating resin systems for mould building Always use slowly reacting laminating resin systems to produce thicker laminates or backfills. Highly reactive systems may heat up considerably due to reaction heat and cause thermal shrinking by a factor of between 4 and 5 %. The moulds or parts are then distorted and unusable.
August, 2006
3 - 20
Tooling gelcoat F 300 Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Amine value Mixed viscosity Refractory index [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent/ 100g] [g/equivalent] [mPas] pastous 580 - 600 0,17 4000 -
Hardener F 300 70 - 90 53 8000 1,4900 - 1,5000
Specifications
Tooling gelcoat F 300 / Hardener F 300 Potlife Geltime Curing H eat treatment 100 g / 25 C (77 F) film of 1 mm at 25 C (77 F) app. 4 h app. 8-10 h initial curing 50 - 150 C
Processing details
Tooling gelcoat F 300 : Hardener F 300 Parts by w eight 100 : 9 0,5
Mixing ratios
August, 2006
3 - 21
[N/mm2] Storage Modulus

14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0
tan delta Peak: 133,6 C 272,48 F Onset: 117,3 C 243,14 F

0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10
DMA
Storage Modulus
Curing: 10 h / 95 C (203 F)
tan delta
25 45 65 85 105 125 145 165
0,00
[C] [F]
77
113
149
185
221
257
293
329 Temperature
[N/mm2] Storage Modulus

14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0
tan delta
0,70
Storage Modulus
Peak: 161,3 C 322,34 F Onset:145,1 C 293,18 F
0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20
Curing: 10 h / 150 C (302 F)
tan delta
25 77 45 113 65 149 85 185 105 221 125 257 145 165 293 329
0,10 0,00
[C] [F]
Temperature Test: Parameter: DMA, 3-Point bending Frequenzy 1 Hz Heat rate 2 K/min Coupon thickness 2 mm
August, 2006
3 - 22
Mould resin MGS F 350

Hardener MGS F 350
Characteristics Application Specification Properties Mixing ratios DMA page 22 23 24 24 25 25
Content
Characteristics
Approval ---
Application
mould building
up to 120 C (248 F)
application by brush, roller or spatula at 20-40 C (68-104 F) Processing initial cure at room temperature post cure at minimum 50 C (122 F) high heat resistance Features suitable, if high gloss surfaces are required good workability Special modifications
on request
Storage
August, 2006
3 - 23
Mould resin F 350 has been modified with special fillers. Tooling produced with this resin system results in an easy workable surface in combination with a high heat resistance after a suitable post cure. Therefore the material is especially well suited for repairs or working over moulds that have been produced with F 300. Hardener F 350 is ususally the choice for applications on horizontal surfaces. F 350T is being used for applications that require a higher grade of thixotropy, for instance on vertical surfaces. Upon a repair on such a surface, the damaged area should be prepared with suitable tools (e. g. diamond grinder). Cracks in the gelcoat surface must be ground down until the laminate becomes visible. The adjacent areas should be carefully ground to remove remaining release agents. Before applying the mixed F 350 gelcoat, it is advisable to degas the material in an exsicator (vacuum chamber) at a high vacuum <10mbar). Caution: the resin hardener mix can hereby expand to a multiple of its original volume. After an initial cure at room temperature, the material must undergo a cure cycle of min. 5 h at min. 60 C (140 F), before it can be finished. Post cure should be done according to the required heat resistance of the tool (rule of thumb: post cure temperature should be at least the maximum operational temperature) After polishing the repaired area, it is good practice to use a mold sealer before applying release agents. The resins and hardeners can be stored for at least 24 months in carefully sealed original containers. Even though it is unlikely, hardeners/resins may crystallize at temperatures below +15 C (59 F). The crystallization is visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. If crystallisation of either component should be observed, it can removed by warming up. Slow warming up to approx. 50 C - 60 C (122 F -140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, respirator). Although F 350 is very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15-30 C (59 F-86 F) and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed
Application
August, 2006
3 - 24
Infusion resin F 350 Density Viscosity E p o xy equivalent E p o xy value Amin value mixed viscosity [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g] [g/equivalent] 1,1 - 1,3 pastous 170 - 185 0,54 - 0,57 thixotropic
Hardener F 350 T 0,94 - 1,02 pastous
Hardener F 350 0,94 - 0,98 10 - 90
Specification
450 - 500 thixotropic
450 - 500 thixotropic
Infusion resin F 350 / Hardeners F 350 (T) Potlife Geltime Curing Post curing 100 g / 25 C (77 F) 1 mm layer at 25 C (77 F) app. 40 min. app. 2-4 h initial curing 50 - 150 C (122 -302 F)
Properties
August, 2006
3 - 25
Infusion resin F 350 : Hardeners F 350 (T) Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 25 1 100 : 31 1
Mixing ratios
DMA-TG(peak) tan delta mould resin F350 with hardener F 350 [N/mm2] Storage Modulus
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan delta
1,20
Storage Modulus
Peak: 120,0C 248,0 F
1,00 0,80
Onset:111,3 C 232,3 F
0,60 0,40
tan delta
0,20 0,00 -0,20
[C] [ F]
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356
392 Temperature
Measuring conditions: DMA, 3-Point bending Frequenzy 1 Hz Heat rate: 2 K/min Coupon thickness: 2 mm Cure: 10 h 95 C (203 F)
August, 2006
3 - 26
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan delta
1,20
Storage Modulus
Peak: 136,6C 277,9 F
1,00 0,80
Onset:123,7 C 254,7 F
0,60 0,40
tan delta
0,20 0,00 -0,20
[C] [ F]
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356
392 Temperature
August, 2006
3 - 27
MGS F900
MGS Hardener HF900
Characteristics Application Specififation Mixing ratio Flow curve Viscosity[Temperature] Viscosity[Time] Temperaturedevelopment Physical parameters DMA page 27 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32
Content
Characteristics
Approval ---
Application
Tooling, Coupling layer, Repair
Operational Temperartures
-60 C (-76F) up to+ 100C (212F)
Processing
at temperatures between 20C (68F) and 30C (86F) optimum processing with suitable mixing and dosing equipment easy to handle low tendency for development of carbamide
Features
Special Modifications
on request
Storage
2 years at 15-25 C (59-77F) in originally sealed container
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Tooling gelcoat MGS F900
3 - 28
F900 is a tooling gelcoat, which is normally used as coupling layer to improve adhesion between tooling gelcoat F300 and the laminate. F900 is characterised by low tendency for development of carbamide crystals. The product is easy to handle, it can be applied by brush or roller. Although our resin systems are very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15 - 30 C (59-86 F) and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable.
Application
August, 2006
3 - 29
F 900 D ensity Viscosity at shear rate 50 /s E p o xyequivalent Epoxyvalue Aminennumber R efractory index Pot life [100g / 30C ] [mi n] [g/cm] [mPas] [g/ equi valent] [equi valent/ 100g] [mg KOH/g] 1,46 - 1,56 thi xotropi c 278 - 312 0,32 - 0,36 ----ca . 6 0
HF900 0,96 - 1,00 10 - 30 ----780 - 900 1,514 - 1,522
Specififation
Measuring conditions: measured at 25 C (77F)
F900 : Hrter HF900 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 11 0,5 100 : 17 0,5
Mixing ratio
The mixing ratio stated must be observed carefully. Adding more or less hardener will not result in a faster or slower cure, but in incomplete curing with limited performance, that can not be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must be mixed carefully. Mix until no clouding is visible in the container. Special attention must be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container.
August, 2006
3 - 30
Flow curve (Viscosity as a function of shear rate) Viscosity [Pas]

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Flow curve
Shear rate [1/s] Measuring conditions: Shear rate: variabel Temperature: 25 C (77F) Physika MC1, plate-plate configuration, measuring gap 1mm
Flow curve (Viscosity as function of the temperature)
Viscosity [Pas]
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Viscosity [Temperature]
Temperature [C] Measuring conditions: Shear rate: 50 s-1 Temperature: variabel Physika MC1, plate-plate configuration, measuring gap 1mm
August, 2006
3 - 31
Viscosity development as a function of time Viscosity [Pas]

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Viscosity [Time]
Time [min] Measuring conditions: -1 Shear rate: 50 s Temperature: 40 C Physika MC1, plate-plate configuration, measurement started after 15 minutes .
Temperature development with Hardener HF900 Temperature [C]

55 50 45 40 35 30 25 0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30
Temperaturedevelopment
Time [min]
The optimum processing temperature is in the range of 20-35C (68-95F). Higher temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. A temperature increase of 10C (18F) will halve the pot life. Water (e.g. high humidity or contained in additional fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin/ hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing are not known to have significant impact on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
August, 2006
3 - 32
Glass transition temperature (DSC) Exo

-0,5 -0,55 -0,6 -0,65 -0,7 -0,75 -0,8 25 45 65 85 105 125 145
Physical parameters
Temperature Glas transition temperature Onset: 103,4 C Midpoint: 107,9 C Offset: 112,3 C [C]
DMA-TG(peak) tan delta mould resin F900 with hardener F 900 [N/mm ] Storage Modulus
2
DMA
tan delta 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00 -0,10 -0,20
5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
Storage Modulus
Peak: 120,5C 248,8 F
Onset:108,8 C 227,8 F
tan delta
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
[C] [ F]
200
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356
392
August, 2006
3 - 33
5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan delta
0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00 -0,10 -0,20 180 200
Storage Modulus Peak: 129,1C 264,4 F Onset:117,4 C 243,3 F
tan delta
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
[C] [ F]
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356
392
August, 2006
4.1 - 1
Adhesive MGS L 135/K-series

Hardeners MGS 134/K-137/K
Content Characteristics Application Specifications Mixing ratios Development of TG Dynamic test Tensile shear strength (DIN 53283) Tensile strength Temperature strength Tensile shear strength Page 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 7 8
Content
Characteristics
Application
adhesion of FRP to FRP and various materials, rotor blades for wind energy plants, shipbuilding, sporting goods, moulds, tools and other devices -60 C up to +50 C (-76 F up to 122 F) without heat treatment -60 C up to +80 C (-76 F up to 176 F) after heat treatment at temperatures between 10 C and 50 C (50 -122 F) all usual processing methods hot-thixotropic properties fills gaps of up to approx. 5 cm without running out mixing ratio with wide tolerance band
Processing
Features
Storage
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Adhesive MGS L 135/K-series
4.1 - 2
Universally applicable adhesive systems, containing no abrasive filling materials which would cause a higher wear of the machines. Solvent-free epoxy adhesive system with a wide range of applications, suitable for bonding laminates and wood and appropriately prepared metallic and mineral components. The adhesive resins L 135/K2 - K4 are different in their thixotropic properties and can be processed with the specially modified Hardeners 134/K to 137/K. Adhesive resin L 135/K2 Adhesive resin L 135/K3 Adhesive resin L 135/K4 for gaps up to 5 mm for gaps up to 30 mm for gaps up to 50 mm
Application
Each system is hot-thixotropic and particularly suitable for adhesion to vertical surfaces and for wider gaps. The adhesive resin does not run out of vertical gaps even if the parts are immediately cured at high temperatures (up to 80 C). In bondlines of highly fatigue loaded rotorblades, cracks have been observed, especially if not toughness modified materials were used for bonding, caused by internal stresses, notches and voids. Even though investigations showed, that this does not seem to have significant impact on the structural integrity of the part, this should be considered in design and production. Individuel tests should be performed on such structures. Direct application to non-porous material surfaces is possible. Porous, absorbent surfaces should be prepared with a liquid resin system (laminating resin L 135 with hardener 133-138 or adhesive resin A 20 with hardener B 20). The adhesive resin system can then be applied either immediately or following slight gelling. Adding more or less hardener outside the permissible tolerance range will not effect a faster or slower reaction - it will cause incomplete curing of the adhesive which cannot be corrected in any way by reworking. The resin and hardener components are pasty and must be mixed very thoroughly. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. The yellow colour of the resin component and the bue colour of the hardener component facilitate visual verification. Pay special attention to the walls and the bottom of the mixing container. Manual mixing of higher quantities of resin and hardener is very difficult and involves high production risks. In order to guarantee an equally high production quality, the application of suitable mixing or dosing machines is indispensable. The resins and hardeners can be stored for at least 24 months in the carefully sealed original containers. These products do not crystallize at storage temperatures between 10 and 30 C (50 up to 86 F).
August, 2006
4.1 - 3
L 135/K2-K4 Density Density cured [g/cm] [g/cm] 1,25 - 1,3 1,20 - 1,25
Hardener -K1,0 - 1,05
Specifications
Hardener 134/K Pot life Pot life Pot life 20 C /68 F 30 C /86 F 40 C /104 F app. 30 min app. 15 min app. 10 min
Hardener 135/K app. 45 min app. 30 min app. 15 min
Hardener 136/K app. 2 h app. 1 h app. 0,5 h
Hardener 137/K app. 4 h app. 2 h app. 1 h
Sample: 100 g / 20 C (68F)
Hardener 134/K Setting Setting Setting
Hardener 135/K
Hardener 136/K app. 1 day app. 6-8 h app. 2-3 h
Hardener 137/K app.1-2days app. 10-12 h app. 4-5 h
25 C / 77 F app. 10-12 h app. 10-15 h 40 C / 104 F 60 C / 140 F app. 4-5 h app. 1-2 h app. 4-5 h app. 1-2 h
Sample: gap 1 mm
August, 2006
4.1 - 4
Adhesive L 135/K2-K4: Hardeners 134/K-137/K Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 45 5 100 : 50 5
Mixing ratios
TG (pot) over f(mixing ratio)Adhesive L 135/K3 with Hardener 136K [F] [C] TG
212 100 194 176 158 140 122 104 86

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
TG3 TG2 TG1
Mixing ratios [Parts by weight]
August, 2006
4.1 - 5
Adhesive L135/K2-K4 with Hardeners 134/K-137/K Heat treatment at 60-65C / 140-149F TG3 (DSC) [F] [C]
Hardener 134/K
Development of TG
194 90 176 80 158 70 140 60 122 50

Hardener 135/K Hardener 136/K Hardener 137/K
10
15
20
25
Time [h]
Sample preparation: 20 mg in a alu pan (DSC) Curing in oven at spec. temperatures
Adhesive L135/K3 with Hardener 136/K at different temperatures TG3 (DSC) [F] [C] 212 100 194 176 158 140 122 104
90 80
80 C /176 F 60C / 140 F 50C / 122 F
70 60 50 40 0 5 10 15 20 25
Time [h]
Sample preparation: Weight of the contents at app. 20 mg in a aluminium pot Curing at specific temperatures
August, 2006
4.1 - 6
Tensile shear strength: measured at 25C (75F) GRP / GRP: steel / steel: aluminum / aluminum: polyamide / polyamide: 15 - 20 20 - 30 20 - 25 5 - 10 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2
Tensile shear strength
The shear strength primarily depends on the preparatory treatment of the substrate. Degreasing with suitable solvents (e.g., acetone) is sufficient for modest requirements while careful and thorough treatment (e.g. gritblasting, chemical pickling) is obligatory for adhesive joints exposed to high loads.
Tensile shear strength: steel-steel / Adhesive L 135/K3 with Hardener 136/K
Dynamic test
Tension [N/mm]
12 10 8 6 4 2 0
10 4
105
106
107
108 Cycles
Sample preparation: Steel, heat treatment: 10 h 80 C/176 F typical value. source: Schering
August, 2006
4.1 - 7
Tensile shear strength: steel-steel / Adhesive L 135/K3 with Hardener 136/K Tension [N/mm]
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Temperature strength
[C] -20 [F] -4
20
40
60
80
100
120
32
68
104
140
176
212
248
Sample preparation: Temperatures Heat treatment: 24 hours at room temperature + 10 h at 80 C /176F Test equipement
Tensile strength
Aluminium rod Adhesive resin Glass fibre rod Adhesive resin Aluminium rod
Load direction
unconditioned Sample treatment Tensile strength
stored 1000 h at 80C (176F)
stored 1000 h in demineraszed water 15-25
[N/mm]
25-30
20-30
August, 2006
4.1 - 8
Tensil strength DIN EN 1465/DIN 53283 - Tensile shear strength
Tensile shear strength
Test sample: GRC
Thickness of adhesive resin 1-2 mm (0,05-0,1 inch)
Load direction
unconditioned Sample treatment Te n s ile s h e a r strength
stored 1000 h at 80 C (176 F)
stored 1000 h in demineralized water 12-18
[N/mm]
15-20
15-20
August, 2006
4.1 - 9
EPIKOTETM Resin MGS Paste 135/G-series

EPIKURETM Curing Agent MGS Paste H 134/G-137/G
Characteristics Application Specifications Mixing ratios Process parameters Physical parameters Mechanical values page 9 10 11 12 12-13 14-16 16-19
Content
Characteristics
Approval Germani scher Lloyd secondary bondi ng of FRP to FRP and vari os materi als Application producti on of rotor blades for wi nd energy plants, shi pbui ldi ng, sporti ng goods, moulds, tools and other devi ces Operational temperatures -60C up to +50C (-76F up to 122F) wi thout heat treatment -60C bi s +80C (-76F up to 176F) wi th heat treatment
Processing
at temperatures between 10C and 50C (50 - 122F)
Features
hot-thi xotropi c properti es fi lls gaps of up to approx 50 mm wi thout saggi ng mi xi ng rati o wi th a wi de tolerance band
Special qualities
on request
Storage
shelf li fe of 24 months i n ori gi nally sealed contai ners
August, 2006
Technische Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins EPIKOTE
TM
4.1 - 10
Resin MGS Paste 135/G-series
Adhesive EPIKOTETM MGS Paste 135/G-series is a solvent free epoxyd based bonding paste with a wide range of applications. It is suitable for bonding laminates and wood and appropriately prepared metallic and mineral components. The system is hot thixotropic and particularly suitable for adhesion to vertical surfaces and wider gaps. Due to a certain content glass fibres, the adhesive resin Paste 135/G has improved fatigue properties, higher cohesive strenght and a lower exothermal reaction in case of larger bonding gaps. The adhesive resin does not bleed out of vertical gaps even if the parts are immediately cured at high temperatures (up to 80C). Adhesive resin Paste 135/G2 Adhesive resin Paste 135/G3 Adhesive resin Paste 135/G4 gaps up to ca. 5 mm gaps up to ca. 30 mm gaps up to ca. 50 mm
Application
All resins can be processed with the following specially modified hardeners: PasteH 134/G PasteH 135,5/G PasteH 135/G PasteH 136/G PasteH 137/G very fast hardener fast hardener medium hardener slow hardener very slow hardener
Direct application to non-porous material surfaces is possible. Porous, absorbent surfaces should be primed with a liquid resin system mix (laminating resin L 135 with hardener 133-138 ). The adhesive resin system can then be applied either immediately or following slight gelling. Adding more or less hardener outside the permissible tolerance range will not effect a faster or slower reaction - it will cause incomplete curing of the adhesive which cannot be corrected in any way by reworking. The resin and hardener components are pasty and must be mixed very thoroughly. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. The yellow colour of the resin component and the red or blue colour of the hardener component facilitate visual verification. Pay special attention to the walls and the bottom of the mixing container. Manual mixing of higher quantities of resin and hardener is very difficult and involves high production risks. In order to guarantee an equally high production quality, the application of suitable mixing or dosing machines is indispensable. The resins and hardeners can be stored for at least 24 months in the carefully sealed original containers. These products do not crystallize at storage temperatures between 10 and 30 C (50 up to 86 F).
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 11
Resin Paste 135/G3 Colour Density Viscosity at shear rate 50 /s E p o xyequivalent E p o xyvalue Aminenumber [g/cm] [Pas] [g/ equivalent] [equivalent/ 100g] [mg KOH/g] yellow 1,2 - 1,3 20 - 40 0,41 - 0,46 220 - 240 -
Hardener PasteH 134/G red 1,05 - 1,15 10 - 20 330-370
Hardener PasteH 135,5/G red 1,05 - 1,15 10 - 20 305 - 345
Specifications
Hardener PasteH 135/G Colour Density Viscosity at shear rate 50 /s Aminenumber [g/cm] [Pas] [mg KOH/g] red 1,05 - 1,15 10 - 20 355 - 395
Hardener PasteH 136/G blue 1,05 - 1,15 10 - 20 300 - 340
Hardener PasteH 137/G blue 1,05 - 1,15 10 - 20 275 - 315
Paste 135/G with Hardener PasteH 134/G to137/G Density (mixed) Density (cured) 1,15 - 1,25 1,2 - 1,3
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 12
Paste 135/G : Hardener PasteH 134/G - 137/G Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 45 2 100 : 50 2
Mixing ratios
Flow curve (Viscosity as a function of shear rate) Paste 135/G with Hardener PasteH 137/G
Flow curve
Viscosity [Pas]
450 400 350 Paste 135/G 300 250 Paste 135/G / PasteH 137/G 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 PasteH 137/G
Shear rate [1/s] Measuring conditions: Shear rate: variabel Temperature: 25 C Physika MC1, plate-plate configuration
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 13
Development of temperature Paste 135/G Measuring conditions: measured 100 g in a paper cup with a lid isolated in a water bath at 30C starting at 30C Temperature [C]
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 00:30 01:00 01:30 02:00 02:30 03:00 03:30 04:00 04:30 05:00
PasteH 134/G PasteH 135,5/G PasteH 135/G
PasteH 136/G PasteH 137/G
Time [hh:min] Measuring conditions: measured 800 g in a paper cup at room temperature Starttemperatur 23C Temperature [C]
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 00:00 00:30 01:00 01:30 02:00 02:30 03:00 03:30 04:00 04:30 05:00
PasteH 134/G
PasteH 135,5/G
PasteH 137/G
Time [hh:min] The optimum processing temperature is in the range of 20-35 C (68-95 F). Higher temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. A temperature increase of 10 C (18 F) will halfe the pot life. Water (e.g. high humidity or contained in additional fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin/hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing are not known to have signifficant impact on the mechanical properies of the cured product.
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 14
Glass transition temperature as a function of the curing temperature Paste 135/G with hardener PasteH 134/G, 135,5G and 137/G Tg2 [C]
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 PasteH 135,5/G PasteH 137/G PasteH 134/G
Glass transition temperature
Measuring conditions: Curing: in a oven for 10 hours at different temperatures DSC- measuring heat rate: 10 K/min Diagram states Tg2 (Midpoint) Development of the glass transition temperature Paste 135/G / Hardener PasteH 134/G TG [C]
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 Tg1 Tg2 Tg3
Curing temperature [C]
TG - development
20
25
Zeit [h] Measuring conditions: Curing : in a oven at 70C DSC- measuring heat rate: 10 K/min
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 15
Development of the glass transition temperature Paste 135/G / Hardener PasteH 135,5/G TG [C]
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Tg1 Tg2 Tg3
TG - development
Time [h] Measuring conditions: Curing : in a oven at 70C DSC- measuring heat rate: 10 K/min Paste 135/G / Hrter PasteH 137/G TG [C]
90 Tg3 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Tg2 Tg1
Time [h] Measuring conditions: Curing : in a oven at 70C DSC- measuring heat rate: 10 K/min
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 16
Linear thermal expansion and coefficient of thermal expansion over temperature Paste 135/G / PasteH 137/G linear thermal expansion dL/ Lo [%]
0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00 -0,10 -0,20 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 5,0E-05
thermal expansion
coefficient of thermal expansion [K-1]

7,0E-05 6,5E-05 6,0E-05
linear thermal expansion
5,5E-05
coefficient of thermal expansion
4,5E-05 4,0E-05 3,5E-05
160
T [C] Static tensile shear strength double lap shear sample as shown curing at room temperature post curing 10h/ 70C
Tensile shear strenght
Sample preparation D=3,0 mm; L/D=3 Paste 135/G w ith Hardener PasteH 134/G Paste 135/G w ith Hardener PasteH 137/G
unconditioned [N/mm] 14,28 13,35
Specimen geometry and test set up
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 17
Tensile shear strength as function of the mixing ratio Paste 135/G with hardener PasteH137/G double lap shear sample with D = 3,0 mm and L/D = 3 (figure page 24) curing at room temperature, post curing 10h/ 70C
Tensile shear strenght as f(MV)
t [N/mm]
14
13
12
11 20 30 40 50 60 70
Mixing ratio (parts by weight) Tensile shear strength as function of the temperature Paste 135/G with hardener PasteH 137/G double lap shear sample with D = 3,0 mm and L/D = 3 (figure page 24) curing at room temperature, post curing 10h/ 70C
Tensile shear strenght as f(T)
t [N/mm]
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature [C]
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 18
Peel strenght at T-peel test Paste 135/G with hardener PasteH 137/G curing at room temperature post curing 10h/ 70C Specimen geometry and test set up T-shaped bonded samples Substrate steel 0,6 mm thick Lenght of bonding 175 mm, wide 30 mm bonding gap ca. 0,5 mm
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Peel strenght
Sample preparation
unconditioned
peel strenght bonding gap 0,5 mm
[N/mm]
1,5
Investigation of toughness Paste 135/G with hardener PasteH 137/G curing at room temperature post curing 10h/ 70C Specimen geometry and test set up Mode 1 Mode 2
Toughness
CT-samples 6 mm (crack tracing) Test for: Fracture toughness KIC Energy release rate GIC, GIIC
K 1C [MPa m1/2] Curing at 70 C/ 10h 3,55 GIC Mode 1 [kJ/m] 4,40 GIIC Mode 2 [kJ/m] 5,46
+ +
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 19
Tensile properties following ISO 527
Tensile test
curing at room temperature post curing 10h/ 70C
Tensile test samples according to ISO 527
TG3 [C] curing at 70C / 10h 81
tensile strenght [MPa] 62
tensile modulus [MPa] 4560
ultimate strain [%] 2,9
Bending test curing at room temperature post curing 10h/ 70C
Bending test
Specimen geometry and test set up bending test samples according to ISO 178 (80x10x4)
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TG3 [C] Curing at 70 C/ 10h 81
Bending strenght [MPa] 77
Bending modulus [MPa] 3420
August, 2006
4.1 - 20
EPIKOTETM Resin MGS Paste 235/K

EPIKURETM Curing Agent MGS Paste H 237/K, Paste H 234/K
Characteristics Application Specification Mixing ratio Process parameters Physical parameters Mechanical values page 20 21 22 22 23-25 25-27 27-30
Content
Characteristics
Application
Boatbuilding Rotorblade manufacturing
Operational Temperatures
-60C (-76F) up to +70C (158F) at temperatures between 20C (68F) and 40C (104F) optimum processing with suittable mixing and dosing equipment high toughness low exotherm reaction
Processing
Features
on request
Storage
1 year at 15-25 C (59-77F) in originally sealed container
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins EPIKOTE Resin MGS Paste 235/K
TM
4.1 - 21
Paste 235/K is a solvent free epoxy bonding paste system, which has been developed for secondary structural bonding of highly fatigue loaded composite structures, such as components in boatbuilding or rotor blades for wind turbines. Paste 235/K is a rubber toughened bonding paste with exceptionally high tear strengh and strong resistance to crack propagation under fatigue loads. The material is optimized for a low coefficient of thermal expansion to minimise internal stresses during and after cure cycles at elevated temperatures. Paste 235/K also shows only a very low amount of exothermic reactions, even when thick layers are applied at elevated temperatures The use of suitable mixing and dosing equipment is advantageous for professional quality . The material may be applied directly on the bonding surfaces, when proper equipment is used. The machine components that come in direct contact with the material should be equipped accordingly (corrosion resistant, high hardness and wear resistance). We will be glad to advice of suitable equipment manufacturers. It is also possible to mix the material manually. The Paste 235/K should then be mixed with the hardener in a first pot. Afterwards the material should be transfilled in a second pot and mixed until it is absolutly homogeneous and free of streaks. Paste 235/K is a hot thixotropic material and can be applied to vertical surfaces and wide bonding gaps without sagging, even when cured immediately at elevated temperatures. Yet the effect of bond line thickness on the mechanical values should be kept in mind. Thin bond lines will promote both static and dynamic properties. Proper substrate preparation should be carried out before bonding composite parts in a workshop environment. An optimum surface preparation is achieved using appropriate qualities of peel ply or by careful grinding. Additional priming, e.g. with L235/ hardener 234 has proven to be useful. Negative effects of bonding surface contamination through a dusty workshop environment can be minimized by this. Metals should be carefully treated with suitable solvents to remove oil, grease, etc, followed by chemical pickling procedure (e.g. ISO 4588). Porous substrates, such as wood, can be prepared by priming with a low viscous epoxy resin system, to achieve optimum adhesion. Even though this resin system is unlikely to crystallise at low temperature, the material is best stored at low humidity at 15-25C (59-77F) in its originally sealed container. The containers must again be carefully closed to avoid water absorption after dispending material. Amine hardeners tend to blush when excessivly exposed to air, which can make the material unusable. This chemical reaction is visible as white crystals on the surface of the hardeners. The material is storable for minimum 1 year under these conditions from the production date.
Application
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 22
Paste 235/K D ensity D ensity mix Viscosity at shear rate 50 /s E p o xyequivalent Epoxyvalue Aminenumber [g/cm] [g/cm] [Pas] [g/ equi valent] [equi valent/ 100g] [mg KOH/g] 1,10 - 1,20
Hardener PasteH 237/K 1,0 - 1,1
Hardener PasteH 234/K 1,0 - 1,1
Specification
1,1 (typi cal value) 40-50 240 - 290 0,34 - 0,42 20-30 240 - 310 20-40 240 - 310
Paste 235/K : Hardener PasteH 237/K Paste 235/K : Hardener PasteH 234/K Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 45 2 100 : 50 2
Mixing ratio
The mixing ratio stated must be observed carefully. Adding more or less hardener will not result in a faster or slower cure, but in incomplete curing with limited performance, that can not be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must be mixed carefully. Mix until no clouding is visible in the container. Special attention must be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container.
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 23
Flow curve (Viscosity as a function of shear rate) Paste 235/K / PasteH 237/K Viscosity [Pas]
Flow curve
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Shear rate [1/s] PasteH 237/K Paste 235/K PasteH 237/K mixed
Paste 235/K
Paste 235/K / PasteH 234/K Viscosity [Pas]
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Shear rate [1/s] Measuring conditions: Shear rate: variabel Temperature: 25 C (77F) Physika MC1, plate-plate configuration
PasteH 234/K
Paste 235/K PasteH 234/K mixed
Paste 235/K
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 24
Temperature development at different initial temperatures Paste 235/K / PasteH 237/K Temperature [C] 200
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30
Time [hh:min]
T0= 50C
T0= 35C T0= 23C
Paste235/K / PasteH 234/K Temperature [C] 200
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 00:15 00:30 00:45 01:00 01:15 01:30 Time [hh:min] T0= 50C T0= 35C T0= 23C
Measuring conditions: 800 g started at 23 C (73F), 35 C (95F) und 50 C (122F) temperature The optimum processing temperature is in the range of 20-35C (68-95F). Higher temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. A temperature increase of 10C (18F) will halve the pot life. Water (e.g. high humidity or contained in additional fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin/ hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing are not known to have significant impact on the mechanical properties of the cured product.
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 25
Viscosity development as a function of time and temperature Viscosity [Pas]
Viscosity f(T,t)
250 200
40C 150 100 50 0 0 50 25C
40C
25C
100
150
200
Time [min]
Measuring conditions: Shear rate: variabel Temperature: 25C (77F), 40C (104F) Physika MC1, plate-plate configuration TG3 (Offset) as a funktion of the mixing ratio TG3[C]
TG as f(MV)
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 20 30 40 50 60 70
Mixing ratio [parts by weight] Measuring conditions: Curing: 10h 70C (158F) DSC Heat rate: 10 K/min Results apply to TG3 (Offset TG)
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 26
TG development Paste 235/K / Hardener PasteH 237/K TG3 [C]

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Temperung 50C cure at 50C (122F) Temperung 70C cure at 70C (158F)
TG development
Time [h]
TG development Paste 235/K / Hardener PasteH 234/K TG3 [C]

100,0 90,0 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Temperung 70C cure at 70C (158F)
cure at 50C (122F) Temperung 50C
Time [h] Measuring conditions: Curing: in oven as stated DSC Heat rate: 10 K/min Graphs stated refer to TG3 (Offset TG)
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 27
Linear thermal expansion and coefficient of thermal expansion over temperature Paste 235/K / PasteH 237/K linear thermal expansion [%]
Thermal expansion a
1,70E-04
2,5 coefficient of thermal expansion 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 linear thermal expansion 0,0 -0,5 -20 30 80 130
1,50E-04 1,30E-04 1,10E-04 9,00E-05 7,00E-05 5,00E-05 180

T [C]
static tensile shear strenght Curing for 10h at 70C (158F)
Sample preparation
uncondti oned
Tensile shear strenght D =3,0 mm; L/D =3
[N/mm]
11,1
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 28
Tensile shear strengh as a function of the mixing ratio Curing for 10h at 70C (158F) bonding gap D = 3 mm, L/D = 3
Tensile shear strenght over mixing ratio
t [N/mm]
1 5 ,0
1 0 ,0
5 ,0
0 ,0 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Mixing ratio (parts by weight)
Tensile shear strenght as a function of the temperature Curing for 10h at 70C (158F)
t [N/mm]
20 L /D = 1 0 15
Tensile shear strenght over temperature
10 L /D = 3 5
0 -6 0 -4 0 -2 0 0 20 40 60 80
Temperature [C]
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 29
Peel strenght at T-peel test Curing for 10h at 70C (158F) Specimen geometry and test set up
Peel strenght
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bonding gap 3,0 mm
Sample preparation
unconditioned
Peel strenght bonding gap 3 mm
[N/mm]
2,2
Investigation of thoughness Specimen geometry and test set up
Toughness
CT-samples 6 mm (crack tracing) Test for: Fracture toughness K1c Energy release rate N/m / KJ/mm
Typical values
TG3 [C] R oom temperature cure 50 C cure 70 C cure n.n. n.n. n.n. K 1C [MN/mexp(3/2)] n.n. n.n. n.n. G1C (-N/m) n.n. n.n. 2860 G2C [-N/m] n.n. n.n. 21700
August, 2006
TM
4.1 - 30
Bending test Curing for 10h at 70C (158F) Specimen geometry and test set up Sample according to ISO 178 (80x10x4)
Bending test
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TG3 [C ] 70 C cure 86
Bendi ng strenght [MPa] 59
Bendi ng modulus [MPa] 1750
ulti mate strai n [%] 7,6
Tensile properties following ISO 527
Tensile test
Tensile test samples according to ISO 527 Specimen geometry and test set up
TG3 [C]
tensile strenght [MPa] 33
tensile modulus [MPa] 1930
70 C cure/ 10 hours
86
August, 2006
4.1 - 31
Paste MGS 235/G

Hardener MGS PasteH 237/G, PasteH 234/G
Characteristics Application Specification Mixing ratio Process parameters Physical parameters Mechanical values page 31 32 33 33 34-35 36-37 38-41
Content
Characteristics
Application
Rotorblade manufacturing Boatbuilding
Operational Temperatures
-60 (-76 F) up to +70 C (158 F) at temperatures between 20 C (68 F) and 30 C (86 F)
Processing
optimum processing with suitable mixing and dosing equipment high toughness
Features
low thermal expansion low exotherm reaction
on request
Storage
1 year at 15-25 C (59-77 F) in originally sealed container
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins MGS Paste 235/G
4.1 - 32
Paste 235/G is a solvent free epoxy bonding paste system, which has been developed for secondary structural bonding of highly fatigue loaded composite strucutres, such as rotor blades for wind turbines. Paste 235/G is a rubber toughened bonding paste with exceptionally high tear strength and strong resistance to crack proagation under fatigue loads. To minimise internal stresses during and after cure cycles at elevated temperatues, the material was optimized for a low coefficient of thermal expansion. Paste 235/G also shows only a very low amount of exothermic reactions, even when thick layers are applied at elevated temperatures. As the material contains glass filametns, manual mixing of large amounts is somewhat difficult and bears an immanent production risk of poor mixing quality. For professional quality, the use of suitable mixing and dosing equipment is advantageous. When proper equipment is used, the material may be applied directly on the bonding surfaces, however, the machine components that come in direct contact with the material should be equipped accordingly (corrosion resistant, high hardness and wear resistance). We will be glad to advise of suitable equipment manufacturers. Paste 235/G is a hot thixotroipic material and can be applied to vertical surfaces and wide bonding gaps without sagging, even when cured immediately at elevated temperatures. Yet the effect of bondline thickness on the mechanial values shoud be kept in mind. Thin bond lines will promote both static and dynamic properties. When bonding composite parts in a work shop environment, proper substrage preparation should be carried out. An optimum surface preparation is achieved using appropriate qualties of peel ply or by careful grinding. Additional priming, e.g. with L235 / hardener 234 as proven to be useful. Negative effects of bonding surface contamination through a dusty workshop environment can be minimized by this. Metals should be carefully treated with suitable solvents to remove oil, grease, etc, followed by chemical pickling procedure (e.g. ISO4588). Porous substrates, such as wood, can be prepared by priming with a low viscous epoxy resin system, to achieve optimum adhesion. Even though this resin system is unlikely to crystallise at low temperature, the material is best stored at low humidity at 15 - 25C in its originally sealed container. After dispensing material, the containers must again be carefully closed to avoid water absorption. Amine hardeners tend to blush when excessively exposed to air, which can make the material unusable. This chemical reaction is visible as white crystals on the surface of the blue paste. From the production date, the material is storable for minimum 1 year under these conditions.
Application
August, 2006
4.1 - 33
Paste 235/G Density Density mix Viscosity at shear rate 50 /s E p o xyequivalent Epoxyvalue Aminenumber [g/cm] [g/cm] [Pas] [g/ equivalent] [equivalent/ 100g] [mg KOH/g] 10-20 250 - 290 0,34 - 0,4 1,20 - 1,30
Hardener PasteH 237/G 1,0 - 1,1 1,2 (typical value) 10-30 240 - 300
Hardener PasteH 234/G 1,0 - 1,1
Specification
10 - 30 nn
Measuring conditions measured at 25 C (77 F)
Paste 235/G : Hardener PasteH 237/G Paste 235/G : Hardener PasteH 234/G Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 45 2 100 : 50 2
Mixing ratio
The mixing raio stated must be observed carefully. Adding more or less hardener will not result in a faster or slower cure, but in incomplete curing with limited performance, that can not be corrected in any way. Resin and hardener must be mixed carefully. Mix until no clouding is visible in the container. Special attention must be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container. If large quantities are to be hand mixed, the equivalent amount of resin and hardener should be given into a mixing pot. After careful stirring the entire amount is transferred into a second pot and mixed again carefully. This limits the amount of poor or unmixed material at the walls and bottom of the mixing container.
August, 2006
4.1 - 34
Flow curve (Viscosity as a function of shear rate) Paste 235/G / PasteH 237/G Viskosity [Pas]
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Flow curve
Measuring conditions Shearrate: variabel Temperature: 25 C (77 F) Physika MC1, plate-plate configuration
Shear rate [1/s]
Temperature development with hardener PasteH 237/G at different initial temperatures Temperature [C]
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 50 100 150 200 250
T0= 50 C (122 F) T0= 35 C (95 F) T0= 23 C (73 F)
Measuring conditions: 800 g starting at 23 C, 35 C and 50 C temperature
Time [min]
The optimum processing temperature is in the range of 20-35 C (68-95 F). Higher temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. A temperature increase of 10 C (18 F) will halfe the pot life. Water (e.g. high humidity or contained in additional fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin/hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing are not known to have signifficant impact on the mechanical properies of the cured product.
August, 2006
4.1 - 35
Temperature development with hardener PasteH 234/G at different initial temperatures Temperature [C]
180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
T0= 50 C (122 F) T0= 35 C (95 F) T0= 23 C (73 F)
Measuring conditions: 800 g starting at 23 C, 35 C and 50 C temperature
Time [min]
Viscosity development with hardener PasteH 237/G Viscosity [Pas]

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Viscosity
T=40 C
T=25 C
Time [min] Measuring conditions Shearrate: 40 s-1 Temperature: 25 C / 40 C (77 F/104 F) Physika MC1, plate-plate configuration
August, 2006
4.1 - 36
TG3 (Offset) as a function of the mixing ratio TG3[C]

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
TG as f(MV)
Measuring conditions Curing: 5 h 120 C (248 F) Heating rate: 10 K/min DSC Results apply to TG3 (Offset TG)
Mixing ratio [GT]
TG development at 50 C (122 F) / Paste 235/G with hardener PasteH 237/G TG [C]

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25
TG development
cure at 70 C (158 F)
cure at 50 C (122 F)
Time [h] Mesuring conditions: Curing: in oven as stated Heat rate: 10 K/min DSC Graphs stated refer to auf TG3 (Offset TG)
August, 2006
4.1 - 37
TG development at 50 C (122 F) / Paste 235/G with hardener PasteH 234/G TG [C]

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
TG development
cure at 70 C (158 F) cure at 50 C (122 F)
10
15
20
25
Time [h] Mesuring conditions: Curing: in oven as stated Heat rate: 10 K/min DSC Graphs stated refer to auf TG3 (Offset TG)
Linear thermal expansion and coefficient of thermal expansion over temperature linear thermal expansion [%]
0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 -0,1 -0,2
70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 90 10 0 11 0 12 0 13 0 14 0 15 0 -1 0
thermal expansion
a
7,00E-05
coefficient of thermal expansion
6,00E-05 5,00E-05 4,00E-05 3,00E-05
linear thermal expansion
2,00E-05 1,00E-05 0,00E+00
T [C]
August, 2006
4.1 - 38
Static tensile shear strength
Speciemen geometry and test set up
Sample preparation
unconditioned
1000 h conditioned 60C / 20 % rel. 23 C in dest. Humidity Water
Tensile shear strength D=1 mm; L/D=10 Tensile shear strength D=3,5 mm; L/D=3
N/mm]
19
21
19
[N/mm]
13
14
12
Tensile shear strenght over mixing ratio
t[N/mm]
20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 30
tensile shear strength over mixing ratio
L/D =10
L/D =3
35
40
45
50
55
60
Mixing raio (parts by weight)

August, 2006
4.1 - 39
Tensile shear strenght over temperatuere
t [N/mm]
25 20 15 10 5 0
[C] -60 [F] -76 L/D = 10 L/D = 3
Tensile shear strength over temperature f(T)
-40
-40
-20
-4
0
32
20
68
40
104
60
140
80
176
100
212
Temperature Peel strength Specimen geometry and test set up
Peel strenght
Bonding gap 0,5 mm

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bonding gap 3 mm
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Sample preparation
unconditioned
1000 h conditioned 60 C / 20 % rel. Humidity 23 C in dest. Water 1,8 1,9

Peel strength Bonding gap 0,5 mm Peel strength Bonding gap 3 mm
[N/m] [N/m]
1,8 1,9
1,8 1,9
August, 2006
4.1 - 40
Investigaiton of toughness Specimen geometry and test set up
Toughness
CT-samples 6 mm (crack tracing) Test for: Spannungsintensittsfaktor K1c Energy release rate N/m / KJ/mm
Typical values
TG3 [C] R oom temperature cure 50 C cure 70 C cure 50 68 80
K1C*1) [MN/mexp(3/2)] 3,1 2,99 2,69
G1C *1) (-N/m) 4987 4578 3971
G2C *2) [-N/m] 7900
Bending test Coupon following ISO 178 (120x15x6)
Bending test
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TG3 [C ]
Bendi ng strength [MPa] 75 78 81
Bendi ng modulus [MPa] 3100 3050 2990
ulti mate strai n [%] 3,6 3,6 3,7
R oom temperature cure 50C cure 70C cure
50 68 80
August, 2006
4.1 - 41
Tensile properties following ISO 527 Sample geometry and test setup
Tensile Test
Tensile test coupon following ISO 527
TG3 [C] / [F]
tensile strength [MPa] 39 45 47
tensile modulus [MPa] 3390 3310 3200
ultimate strain [%] 3,2 3,2 3,3
Room temperature cure 50 C (122 F) cure 70 C (158 F) cure
50 / 122 68 / 154 80 / 176
poissons ratio: n = - 0,38 tensile test coupon following ISO 527 cure: 5 h 70 C (158 F) testing: at 23 C (73,4 F)
Poissons ratio
August, 2006
4.2 - 1
EPIKOTETM Resin MGS Paste 20

page 1 2 3 3 4 4
Characteristics Application Temperature development DMA Mechanical data Development TG
Content
Characteristics
Approval --
Application
fast setting repairs on gfrp-structures, bonding on gfrp and metall
-50 to +70 C (-58 to +158 F)
Processing
over 10 C (50 F)
Features
economical, clean and selective application
Storage
store dark at room temperature, shelf life of 24 month in unopened cartridges
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins EPIKOTE
TM
4.2 - 2
Resin MGS Paste 20
Paste20 is available in 400ml/470 gramm cartridges and therefore ideal for accurate and clean bondings in production as well as repairs. The product is suitable for fast setting bondings in composites applications and especially for composite-metall bondings. Due to its formulation components it provides very good adhesion. The reactivity allows small and medium sized bondings. Paste 20 provides a good curing behaviour at ambient temperatures. The final mechanical properties as well as thermal resistance are achievable after post curing only. (3h at 50-60 C) The potential DMA Onset is at 80 C. Ambient temperatures ease squeezing out Paste20 particularly whith manual devices. When processing paste20 at low temperatures the cartridges are supposed to be warmed up at 20-40 C before use. Resin (yellow) and hardener (blue) are strongly pigmented in order to make mixing deviations obvious. Those can occur during the first pumping cycles. Material with colour changes should be rejected (usually 5-15 grams). Paste20 is only to be used with the supplied static mixers which provide good mixing and low pressure loss. The tip of the mixing nozzle can be cut for an adaption of the flow rate. We recommend processing as follows: Remove cap nut and plug. Squeeze out material until hardener and resin are on same level. Attach mixer and secure with cap nut. Reject the first 5-15 grams until colour is homogenous.
Application
We suggest storage in the dark (without exposure to direct sunlight or uv) at temperatures between 15-30 C. The material shows no tendency to crystallize but lower temperatures make processing more difficult. In originally packed and closed cartridges Paste 20 can be stocked for 24 moths.
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins EPIKOTE [F]
TM
4.2 - 3
Resin MGS Paste 20
[C] Temperature
356 180 320 160 284 140 248 120 212 100 176 80 140 104 68 32
60 40 20 0 0:00 0:10 0:20 0:30 0:40 0:50 1:00
Time [h:min] Quantity: 100g / 25 C (77 F)
DMA - TG (peak) tan delta Paste 20 Measuring after heat treatment [MPa] E Storage Modulus 5000 4500 E 4000 3500 3000 Onset: 75,6 C 2500 (168,1 F) 2000 2.500 MPa 1500 1000 tan delta 500 0 [C] [F]
0 50
DMA
Peak 95,7 C (204,3 F)
Heat treatment: 8 h 60 C (140 F)
0,50 0,45 0,40 0,35 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 200
100
150
32
122
212
302
392
DSC TG pot: TG onset: 81,5 C, TG midpoint: 86,6 C, TG offset: 91,7 C
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins EPIKOTE
TM
4.2 - 4
Resin MGS Paste 20
TG Development of Paste 20 at 50 C (122 F) [F] [C] TG 158 70 140 60 122 50 104 40 86 30 68 20 50 10 32

0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
TG3 TG2 TG1
Development TG
Time[h]
Paste 20 Tensile strength Tensile shear strength G-Modulus
Mechanical data
[MPa]
58,7
[MPa]
16,5
[MPa]
1202
E-Modulus Compressive strength
[MPa]
3205
[MPa]
94,9
Results measured by IKP
August, 2006
4.2 - 5
MGS Paste 50
page 5 5 6 7 7 8 9
Content Characteristics Application Temperature development DevelopmentTG DMA Mechanical data
Content
Characteristics
Approval --
Application
fast setting repairs on FRP-structures, bonding of FRP and metal
-50 C to +70 C (-58 F to 158 F)
Processing
over 10 C (50 F)
economical, clean and selective application, Features excellent adhesion on FRP and metal rapid TG development Storage store dark at room temperature, shelf life of 24 month in unopened cartridges
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins MGS Paste 50
4.2 - 6
Paste50 is avaliable in 1050 ml/1280 gr. cartridges and therefore ideal for accurate and clean bondings in production and repairs. The product is suitable for fast setting bondings in composite applications and especially for composite-metall bondings. Its formulation components provide excellent adhesion properties. The reactivity allows small and medium sized bondings. Paste 50 provides a good curing behavior at low temperatures (+10 C / 50 F), e.g. outdoor repairs. The potential mechanical properties as well as thermal resistance are achievable after post curing only. Slightly elevated temperatures ease sqeezing out Paste 50. When processing Paste 50 at low temperatures the cartridges are supposed to be warmed up at 20-40 C (68104 F) before use. Resin (yellow) and hardener (blue) are strongly pigmented to make mixing deviations obvious. Those can occure during the first pumping cycles. Material with deviations in colour appearance should be rejected (usually 5-15 grams). Paste 50 is only to be used with 24 element static mixer which provides good mixing. The reak of the mixing nozzle can be cut for an adaption of flow rate. We recommend processing as follows: Cut cap Squeeze out material until hardener and resin are on same level Attach static mixer and secure with support tube Reject the first 5-15 grams until colour is homogenous
Application
We suggest storage in the dark (without exposure to direct sunlight or uv) at temperatures between 15-30 C (59-86 F). The material shows no tendency to crystallize but lower temperatures make processing more difficult. In originally packed and closed cartridges Paste 50 can be stored for 24 months.
August, 2006
4.2 - 7
[F] 392 356 320 284 248 212 176 140 104 68 32
[C]Temperature
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 00:00 00:10 00:20 00:30 00:40 00:50 01:00
Time [h] Quantity: 100g / 23 C (73.4 F)
TG Development of Paste 50 at 50 C (120 F) [F] [C] TG 212 100 194 90 176 80 158 70 140 60 122 50 104 40 86 30 68 20 50 10 0 32
DevelopmentTG
TG3 TG2 TG1
10
15
20
25
Time [h]
DSC TG pot: TG onset: 94,6 C, TG midpoint: 101,5 C, TG offset: 109,0 C
August, 2006
4.2 - 8
DMA - TG (peak) tan delta Paste 50 Measuring after heat treatment E Storage Modulus [MPa]
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
DMA
tan delta
0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00 -0,10
Post cure : 5h 50 C (122 F)

Peak 91,8 C (197,24 F) E Onset: 71,3 C (160,34 F)
tan delta
[C] [F]
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
32
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356 Temperature

4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
tan delta
0,80 0,70
Post cure : 10h 80 C (176 F)

E Onset: 92,1 C (197,78 F) Peak 105,7 C (222,26 F)
0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20
tan delta
0,10 0,00 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 -0,10 180
[C] [F]
20
32
68
104
140
176
212
248
284
320
356 Temperature
Measurment conditions: Coupon thickness: 2 mm Heating rate: 2 K/min Frequency: 1 Hz
August, 2006
4.2 - 9
Paste 50 Tensile strength Tensile shear strength G-Modulus E-Modulus Compressive strength [MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [MPa] n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Mechanical data
August, 2006
5.1 - 1
UP Gelcoat MGS T 30 / T35

Hardener MGS SF 10 / Thinner SF
Characteristics Application Mixing ratios Application as a topcoat Application as a gelcoat Care directions page 1 2 4 5 6 6
Content
Application
gelcoat (fine-layer resin, gelcoat, undercoat, etc.) and topcoat (cover, final coat etc.) for polyester and especially for many epoxide laminating resins T 35: specially developed for the aircraft industry
Characteristics
Operational temperature pot life: gel time: Processing ability to take: app. 30-45 min (without thinner) app. 100-150 min non-tacky after app. 2-4 hours curing time app. 5-6 hours completely cured after 2-3 days at room te. optimal processing temperature: 20-25 C (70-77 F) T 30: Features T 35: highly light- and weatherresistant surface extremely scratch-resistant grinding of the surface is difficult product with excellent elongation good working properties transparent and white white ca. 6 months 3 - 4 months
T 30: T 35: below +10 C (below +50 F) 10 up to 20 C (50-68 F)
Storage
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins UP Gelcoat MGS T 30 / T35
5.1 - 2
Gelcoats based on unsaturated polyester resins. Curing mechanism: Cobalt/peroxide. These gelcoats are absolutely free of paraffin and they cure with a satin finish and completely non-tacky surface. UP Gelcoat T 30 is employed where a particularly resistant surface is desired. Surfaces are highly light- and weatherresistant and extremely scratch-resistant for this type of product. The standard colours for UP Gelcoat T 30 are white and transparent. Commercially available colouring pastes (UP colouring pastes) are best suited for tinting. Because of the high scratch resistance the grinding of the surfaces is difficult. UP Gelcoat T 35 has been specially developed for the aircraft industry. It features excellent elongation and good working properties. The covering property of T 35 is lower than of T 30. UP Gelcoat T 35 is only available in white. Suitable as a pregel (fine-layer resin, gelcoat, undercoat, etc.) or topcoat (cover, final coat) for polyester and especially for many epoxide laminating resins. Observe processing instructions! Our gelcoats are only conditionally suitable for applications where the gelcoats are exposed to weathering over long time or to water on a permanent basis. See care directions for polyester gelcoats page 6-7. Commercially available polyester colour pastes (UP colour pastes) can be used to tint our pregels. Scope of delivery Resin component: Hardener (peroxide): Thinner: UP Gelcoat T 30, T 35 Hardeners SF 10, SF 2 Thinner SF
Application
Processing Gelcoats are preferably applied by means of spraying (air spray gun nozzle 2-3 mm, pressure 3-5 bar; airless: nozzle and pressure are to be selected depending on the object). Gelcoats can also be applied by brushing, rolling or blade coating. Due to the thixotropic properties of the gelcoat, wet film layers with a thickness of approx. 0.5 mm can be applied to vertical surfaces. The optimal processing temperature lies in the range from 20-25 C (68-77 F). Lower temperatures increase viscosity (difficult processing), higher temperatures shorten pot life (at 30 C/86 F, the pot life will be halved). If several layers must be sprayed, this has to be done "wet-in-wet". Drying time between spray operations should be approx. 5-10 min. An "elephant skin" may form if the lower layer starts gelling, which means that the gelling layer will be dissolved by the styrene contained in the new layer. The lower layer will swell up and will be destroyed beyond repair.
August, 2006
5.1 - 3
Pot life: Gel time: Non-tacky: Curing time:
approx. 30-45 min. (100 g at 20 C/ 68 F without thinner) approx. 100-150 min. (depending on temperature and layer thickness) after approx. 2-4 hours approx. 5-6 hours; completely cured after 2-3 days at room temperature
Storage UP Gelcoats T 30 and T 35 are supplied preaccelerated. The gelcoats, hardeners and thinners can be stored at temperatures: of below +10 C (50 F): for approx. 6 months of +10 up to 20 C (50-68F): for 3 - 4 months. These gelcoats are also available stabilized for the tropics (not preaccelerated), in which case storage life at 20-30 C (68-86 F) is extended to approx. 6 months. Add cobalt accelerator and stirr thoroughly before using tropic stabilized gelcoats.
August, 2006
5.1 - 4
Mixtures for standard applications (brushing, spraying)
Mixing ratios
UP-Gelcoat T 30 / T35 : Hardener SF 10 : Thinner SF Parts by w eight 100 : 10 : up to 10 Always use as little thinner as possible!
Due to the thixotropic properties of the gelcoat, wet film layers with a thickness of approx. 0.5 mm can be applied. If necessary, the application must be done in several operations. The layer of one operation may not be thicker then 0.1 mm. Drying time before application of the next layer should be approx. 5-10 min because the additional solvents must disappear from the wet layer before gelling starts.
Mixtures for thicker layers (e. g. filling in a gap)
UP Gelcoat T 30 / T35 : Hardener SF 2 : Thinner SF Parts by w eight 100 : 1,5-2 : up to 5 Do not use thinner at all, if possible!
Additives Adding accelerator (cobalt, e.g., COB 1) is generally possible to increase reactivity. Processing time can be extended with the usual retarders (e.g., TC 501, hydroquinone, etc.). Additives must always be thoroughly mixed into the gelcoat before adding hardener. Important: Adding accelerators, retarders or other thinners may cause discoloration and decrease resistance. Adequate testing is mandatory! Use commercially available polyester colour pastes for colouring. Normally, add approx. 5-15 % of pigment paste, depending on the desired tint or covering. (Observe pigment paste manufacturer's instructions.) Thoroughly mix the pigment paste into the gelcoat before adding hardener. Transparent UP Gelcoat T 30 is best suited for coloring, especially if dark colors are desired.
Never mix accelerators and peroxide hardeners directly! Explosion hazard!
August, 2006
5.1 - 5
Our Gelcoats T 30 and T 35 are suitable for polyester- and epoxy laminates. Various surfaces can be covered with these gelcoats. If applied on epoxy resin, the epoxy resin must be well cured. Otherwise there is a danger that free amino groups are present, which may delay or prevent curing. A clean, roughly sanded surface is necessary to achieve good bonding. To prevent colour shades during painting, use sandpaper grain 240 or less. The same gelcoat batch should always be used for finishing to prevent colour mismatches. If the gelcoat is put on completely cured (heat-treated) gelcoat, a different colour shade is visible after precuring. This disappears after complete curing of the new layer (2 - 4 days at room temperature, 1-2 h at 50 C/ 122 F). To repair small areas, the following procedure can be used: Add 10 % Thinner SF to the gelcoat, mix thoroughly with 10 % Hardener SF 10. Add an additional 10-30 % of acetone or ethylacetate (solvents must have pure quality). Spray this mixture with an 0.5 - 0.8 mm nozzle. Important: The additional solvents must disappear from the wet layer before gelling starts. Therefore only thin layers (max 50-60 mm) can be laid up in one operation. Drying time before application of the next layer should be approx. 5-10 min. All layers has to be applied wet in wet. Adding 10-30 % of solvent will increase the potlife to approx. 45-60 min. Wet sanding with sandpaper grain 1.000 or preferably 2.000 is required before polishing. Good polishing agents are polishing waxes (p. e. Menzerna, Karlsruhe) applied with buffer wheels (p.e. Kreeb, Kirchheim/Teck).
Application as a topcoat
August, 2006
5.1 - 6
If polyester gelcoats are to be combined with epoxy laminating resins, then tests must be made for adhesion and compatibility. Unsuitable combinations can destroy the gelcoat (discolouring, brittling, cracks and bubbles). Apply the gelcoat to the prepared mould surface in the usual manner. The mold temperature must be at least 20 C / 68 F. The gelcoat must be well gelled before epoxy resin is laid on. This is visible because the surface becomes uniformly matt. The finger should not get coloured when drawing it across the layer. If the epoxy resin is applied too soon, it is likely that components of the amine hardener will delay or halt complete curing. Since the gelcoats are paraffin-free, the adhesion to epoxy resin is satisfactory even after several days of curing time. Thus, the epoxy resin laminate can be applied either after gelling or after curing overnight or over the weekend.
Application as a gelcoat
Gelcoat surfaces on gliders require frequently maintenance with paint care products or paint polishes, to provide UV protection. Unprotected gelcoat surfaces will show already after a few years stronger yellowing or cracking. Water, which can be mixed with normal quantities of commonly used rinsing agents, is suitable for cleaning. Use benzine-based tar removers (from car care sets) to remove insects, finger prints, adhered dust and lubricants. However, these agents should not be worked into the surfaces with cloths, cotton, etc., for an extended period of time because this may cause swelling and subsequent "collapse". Products containing silicone may cause problems during repair. We therefore recommend using siliconefree products. Strong solvents and thinners should also be avoided because they may cause extreme swelling and subsequent "collapse". In particular, these agents include thinners containing esters and/or ketones, acetone, ethyl acetate and paint thinners of any kind. Chlorinated hydrocarbons must be avoided since they will destroy the UP coating within a short period of time and cause it to peel off (these agents include dichloromethane, trichloroethene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethane, perchloroethylene, etc.). Alcohols, such as denatured alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, may be used for cleaning purposes if applied with care, much like benzines and other aliphatic hydrocarbons. However, as stated above, they should be applied without much rubbing or extended exposure.
Care directions
August, 2006
5.1 - 7
Do not treat (wash) gliders with solvents to eliminate aerodynamically unfavorable raindrop beads. Such solvents will completely remove all protective layers and expose the surface to the influence of the sun, UV radiation and other environmental factors. This will eventually result in the destruction of the polyester gelcoat. Commercial plastic furniture polishes (e. g., Pronto) which form coats to prevent electrostatic charges due to atmospheric and other types of friction should be restricted to plexiglass surfaces. UP gelcoats and EP laminates charge up considerably less, and the resulting film combines with polishes to form a sticky gunk which can only be removed with solvents. For larger repairs, the complete surface of the part should be wet sanded. Use exclusively fine-grade sandpaper. Rough-grade sandpaper causes deep grooves which can cause strain cracks. Wet-sand with water-sandpaper grain 1.000 or preferably 2.000 before polishing. When polishing with buffer wheels and polishing wax, avoid local overheating since excessive heat will cause the polyester gelcoat to detach from the epoxy laminate.
August, 2006
5.3 - 1
Gelcoat MGS EP 100 T

Hardeners MGS 100/120
Characteristics Application Specifications Processing details Mixing ratios Chemical resistance Page 1 2 3 4 5 5
Content
Characteristics
Approval -
Application
Gelcoat for handlamination
heat treatment, if required, between 50 C (122 F) and 150 C (302 F)
Processing
Features
initial curing at 80-120 C (176-248 F) or direct curing in the mould at high temperatures mixing viscosity: thixotrop
on request
Storage
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Gelcoat MGS EP 100 T
5.3 - 2
This epoxy resin-based gelcoat or topcoat produces layers with negligible self-coloration and high transparency. For use as a gelcoat, EP 100 T is only suitable for epoxide laminating resins. It is employed where the shrinkage of polyester resins would cause problems or where the chemical connection between gelcoat and laminating resin is necessary. Its weather resistance is less than that of UP gelcoats. As a top coat, EP 100 T is used for epoxide laminating resins as well as for solventsensitive surfaces (polystyrene foam Styropor, etc). Hardeners 100/100 T have a medium pot life whereas Hardeners 120/120 T have short pot lives and fast gelation. The yellowing is stronger than e. g. of UP gelcoats. All work for the manufacturing of parts must be performed "wet-in-wet" in order to achieve good chemical bonding of the layers. Application of further layers to partially hardened (dust-dry) surfaces may result in insufficient bonding, and will cause the layers to separate even at low stress levels. When mixing resin and hardener, particular attention should be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container due to the different viscosities of the components. Since resin not thoroughly mixed and processed makes the entire part unusable, the following procedure is recommended: Weigh the resin and hardener as accurately as possible and mix thoroughly - preferably using a power drill with an agitator blade. Transfer the resin-hardener mixture to a large, new mixing container and mix thoroughly once more. Then remove the air entrapped by stirring by means of evacuation since the air bubbles cannot rise after application due to the toughness of the product and the short gelling time. Use a glass desiccator with a suitable vacuum pump, e.g., a water suction pump, sliding-vane rotary pump, etc. (available at a reasonable price in laboratory equipment stores). The mixing tank used for evacuation must have at least three times the volume of the resin-hardener mixture. When the vacuum is applied, the air bubbles expand, thereby increasing the volume of the mixture 2- or 3-fold, before the air bubbles burst and the mass "collapses". This process can be observed very well in a glass desiccator. The vacuum pump's power must be sufficient to complete the evacuation within a maximum of 5 minutes due to the short pot life of the resin-hardener systems. Evacuation should be performed at a pressure level of max. 5 mbar (0.14 in hg) for best efficiency. Do not mix large quantities with elevated processing temperatures - this is particularly applicable to these highly reactive gelcoat resin systems. Since the heat flow from the mixing container is very low, the contents will warm up very fast because of the reaction heat (exothermal resin-hardener reaction). This may result in temperatures above 200 C (392 F) which causes smoke-intensive burning of the resin-hardener mixture. The appropriate industrial safety regulations must be observed when processing epoxy resins and hardeners.
Application
August, 2006
5.3 - 3
Gelcoat EP 100 T Density Viscosity E p o xyequivalent E p o xyvalue Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g]
Specifications
1,13 - 1,18 thixotrop 170 - 180 0,56 - 0,59 1,5450 - 1,5480
Hardener 120 0,97 - 1,1 200 - 400 300 - 500 1,5620 - 1,5640
August, 2006
5.3 - 4
Gelcoat EP 100 T Average EP Value Average amine equivalent 0,57 -
Hardener 100 88
Hardener 120 70
Processing details
Gelcoat EP 100 T Pot life 100 g / 25 C Gel time 1 mm / 25 C Slightly loadable after: Completely cured after: oder
Hardener 100 40-50 min
4-5 h
1-2 h
24 h / 25 C (80 F) 7 d / 2 5 C (8 0 F ) oder 5 h / 50 C (120 F)
15 h / 25 C (80 F) 7 d / 2 5 C (8 0 F ) 5 h / 50 C (120 F)
August, 2006
5.3 - 5
Gelcoat EP 100 T Parts by w eight Parts by volume
Hardener 100 100 : 50 2 100 : 56 2
Hardener 120 100 : 40 2 100 : 46 2
Mixing ratios
Chemical resistance of epoxy resin gelcoats Tests Pendulum hardness reduction (P): The coats are allowed to cure at room temperature for 7 days and are then placed in the test medium for 7 days. Subsequently they are subjected to a pendulum hardness test. The results are compared to the zero values. The layer thickness of these gelcoats is approx. 100 m. Continuous storage test (C): The coats are applied to sand-blasted iron plates and allowed to cure for 7 days. Subsequently they are placed in the test medium for 1 year. The layer thickness of these gelcoats is approx. 500 m.
Chemical resistance
Evaluation Resistant (++) Continuous exposure appears to be possible according to the tests performed. Conditionally resistant (+) Suitable for short-term exposure, e.g., in industrial facilities where the contact with the media in question is only temporary. Continuous exposure does not appear to be possible since considerable softening and swelling may occur in the event of extended loading. Non-resistant (-) Not suitable for extended exposure; even short-term exposure may cause damage.
August, 2006
5.3 - 6
Chemical resistance of epoxy resin gelcoats
Test Acetic acid, 5 % Acetone Ammonia, 10 - 25 % Antifreeze (containing glycol) Aromatic hydrocarbons Beer Butanol Castor oil Chromic acid, 5 - 40 % Citric acid, 30 % Developer bath, diluted 1:10 Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) Dichloromethane Diesel fuel Ethyl alcohol, 10 % Gasoline (unleaded) Grape juice (approx. 20 & 50 C) Hexane Hydr. fluid Aerosafe 2300 Hydr. fluid Skydrol B 500 Hydrochloric acid, 5 - 20 % Hydrochloric acid, 37% (conc.) Hydrogen peroxide, 3% Jet fuel Kerosene Lactic, butyric, acetic acid, 1% Lard Linseed oil Lubricant Methanol Milk Mineral oil Nitric acid, 10% Nitric acid, 5% C P P C C P P P P P P P P P C P C P C C C P P C P C P P C P P P P P
Results ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++(+) ++ ++ ++ ++ ++(+) ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++

August, 2006
5.3 - 7
Chemical resistance of epoxy resin gelcoats
Test Olive oil Perchloroethylene (cleanser) Phenol Phosphoric acid, 20% Phosphoric acid, 5% Saline solution (conc.) Silicone oil Snow Soap (5% soap solution) Sodium chloride, 3 - 30% (saline solution) Sulfuric acid, 20% Sulfuric acid, 5% Trichloroethene (cleanser) Turpentine V.M.P. naphtha (brush cleaner) Vegetable oils (general) Waste water, sewage Water, + 60 C Water, + 100 C Water, distilled Whiskey Wine Xylene P P P P P P P C P P P P P P C C P C C C P P P
Results ++ ++(+) + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++(+) ++ + ++ + ++ ++
August, 2006
5.3 - 8
Gelcoat MGS EP 732

Hardeners MGS 730/F250/F290
Characteristics Application Specifications Processing details Mixing ratios page 8 9 10 11 12
Content
Characteristics
Approval
Application
protective layer for fibre-reinforced parts topcoat or coating resin for numerous materials corrosion protection, chemical-resistant coating, concrete sanitation, applications in sanitary engineering etc. heat treatment, if required, between 50 C (122 F) and 150 C (302 F)
Processing
Features
relatively good UV stability more extended processing times cure completely at room temperature mixing viscosity: thixotrop
on request
Storage
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Gelcoat MGS EP 732
5.3 - 9
Gelcoat EP 732 is suitable for epoxide laminating resins. It is primarily used as a protective layer for fibre-reinforced parts exposed to a wide variety of chemical loads (see resistance table). Gelcoat EP 732 can also be used as a topcoat or coating resin for numerous materials. Main areas of application: corrosion protection, a wide variety of chemical-resistant coatings, concrete sanitation and concrete protection, applications in sanitary engineering etc. Gelcoat EP 732 is available in the standard colours white, grey and black. Hardeners 730/730 T are characterized by light inherent colouring, relatively good UV stability and more extended processing times. They cure completely at room temperature. The characteristics of hardener F 250 are somewhat darker inherent colour, lower UV stability, short pot life and short curing time. Hardener F 290 is similar to hardener F 250 in its properties but is heat-resistant up to approx. 100 C. All work for the manufacturing of parts must be performed "wet-in-wet" in order to achieve good chemical bonding of the layers. Application of further layers to partially hardened (dust-dry) surfaces inevitably results in insufficient bonding, and will cause the layers to separate even at low stress levels. The general recommendation is to apply at least 2 layers. When mixing resin and hardener, particular attention should be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container due to the different viscosities of the components. Since resin not thoroughly mixed and processed makes the entire part unusable, the following procedure is recommended: Weigh the resin and hardener as accurately as possible and mix thoroughly - preferably using a power drill with an agitator blade. Transfer the resin-hardener mixture to a large, new mixing container and mix thoroughly once more. Then remove the air entrapped by stirring by means of evacuation at 10 mbar since the air bubbles cannot rise after application due to the toughness of the product and the short gelling time. Use a glass desiccator with a suitable vacuum pump. The mixing tank used for evacuation must have at least three times the volume of the resin-hardener mixture. When the vacuum is applied, the air bubbles expand, thereby increasing the volume of the mixture 2- or 3-fold, before the air bubbles burst and the mass "collapses". This process can be observed very well in a glass desiccator. The vacuum pump's power must be sufficient to complete the evacuation within a maximum of 5 minutes due to the short pot life of the resin-hardener systems. Do not mix large quantities with elevated processing temperatures - this is particularly applicable to these highly reactive gelcoat resin systems. Since the heat flow from the mixing container is very low, the contents will warm up very fast because of the reaction heat (exothermal resin-hardener reaction). This may result in temperatures above 200 C (392 F) which causes smoke-intensive burning of the resin-hardener mixture. The appropriate industrial safety regulations must be observed when processing epoxy resins and hardeners.
Application
August, 2006
5.3 - 10
Gelcoat EP 732 Density Viscosity E p o xyequivalent E p o xyvalue [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g] 1,40 - 1,50 thixotrop 230 - 240 0,41 - 0,43
Specifications
Hardener 730 Density Viscosity Amine value [g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g] 0,95 - 1,00 150 - 250 320 - 350
Hardener F 250 0,96 - 1,01 600 - 1500 660 - 720
Hardener F 290 0,95 - 1,10 800 - 1000 450 - 500
August, 2006
5.3 - 11
Gelcoat E P 732 Average EP Value Average amine equivalent 0,43 -
Hardener 730 94
Hardener F 250 46
Hardener F 290 35
Processing details
Gelcoat EP 732 Pot life 100 g/ 25 C(77 F) Gel time 1 mm / 25 C(77 F) Slightly loadable after: Completely cured after:
Hardener F 250 15-20 min
Hardener F 290 15-20 min
3-4 h 24 h / 25 C (77 F) 7 d / 25 C (77 F) or 5 h / 50 C (122 F)
1-2 h 15 h / 25 C (77 F) 7 d / 25 C (77 F) or 5 h / 50 C (122 F)
1-2 h 15 h / 25 C (77 F) 5 h / 80 C (176 F)
August, 2006
5.3 - 12
Gelcoat EP 732 Parts by w eight Parts by volume
Hardener 730 100 : 40 2 100 : 59 2
Hardener F 250 100 : 20 2 100 : 28 2
Hardener F 290 100 : 15 2 100 : 21 2
Mixing ratios
August, 2006
6-1
Flame retardent resin MGS EP 240 F

All Hardeners MGS
page 1 2 3 3
Characteristics Application Specifications Mixing ratios
Content
Characteristics
Approval qualification acc. to S4 or DIN 4102/B1 possible
production of self extinguishing, flame retardant parts: Application aicraft industry, boat and shipbuilding, sports equipment, moulds and tools, civil enineering Operational temperature -60 C up to +130 C (-76 F up to 266 F) depending on the selected hardener
Processing
at temperatures between 10 C and 60 C (50 - 140 F) all usual processing methods
Features
Suitable as laminating, casting or bonding resin, as gelcoat with the appropriate hardeners
Storage
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Flame retardent resin MGS EP 240 F
6-2
Laminating resin systems, e. g. L 160 with hardener 160 or 260 S, are not self-extinguishing. If the cured materials have to be self-extinguishing or flame-retardant, the resin must be substituted by laminating resin EP 240 F. This substitution of the resin component modifies the system properties of the cured material only slightly. The mixture ratio changes and must be calculated for each hardener using the formula described at page 3. In the case of some hardeners, initial curing at room temperature is more problematic - the parts are more brittle than usual. However, perfect processing is possible after post-curing (1 - 2 h) at temperatures of approx. 40 - 50 C (104 F - 122 F). Laminating resin EP 240 F with different hardeners is suitable for universal use as a casting, laminating or adhesive resin as well as a gelcoat. Increased thixotropy is obtained by addition of Aerosil (or Cab-O-Sil). Parts made with laminating resin EP 240 F can fulfill the requirements of S4 or DIN 4102/B 1 even in thin layers. The fibre materials, fillers, etc., that are used and the structure of the parts (massive laminate or sandwich, gelcoats, paints, etc.) greatly influence the final properties. Classification is subject to testing of the complete structure. Although our resin systems are very unlikely to crystallize at low temperatures, storage conditions of 15-30 C (59-86 F) and low humidity are recommended. After dispensing material, the containers must again be closed carefully, to avoid contamination or absorption of water. All amine hardeners show a chemial reaction when exposed to air, known as blushing. This reaction is visible as white carbamide crystals, which could make the materials unusable. As fillers contained in the resin may sediment, the original container should be stirred well before dispensing material. Crystallization is visible as a clouding or solidification of the contents of the container. If crystallisation of either component should be observed, it can removed by warming up. Slow warming up to approx. 50 C - 60 C (122 F - 140 F) in a water bath or oven and stirring or shaking will clarify the contents of the container without any loss of quality. Use only completely transparent products. Before warming up, open containers slightly to permit equalization of pressure. Caution during warm-up! Do not warm up over an open flame! While stirring up use safety equipment (gloves, eyeglasses, respirator. The relevant industrial safety regulations for the handling of epoxy resins and hardeners and our instructions for safe processing are to be observed
Application
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Flame retardent resin MGS EP 240 F
6-3
Laminating resin EP 240 F Density Viscosity E p o xyequivalent E p o xyvalue [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g] 1,50 - 1,60 3900 - 5400 230 - 270 0,37 - 0,44
Specifications
Laminating resin EP 240 F may be combined with all hardeners. The mixture ratio is calculated using the following formula: Epoxide value x Aminquivalent Example: Epoxide value for resin EP 240 F Amine equivalent of Hardener 160 calculation: 0,42 x 47 In practice: 100 parts by weight = = = : 0,42 47 19,74 19,7 parts by weight hardener 160 20 parts by weight = parts by weight of hardener for 100 parts by weight of resin.
Mixing ratios
Mixture ratio: 100 parts by weight EP 240 F :
The optimum processing temperature is in the range between 20 and 25C (68-77 F). Higher processing temperatures are possible, but will shorten pot life. An increase in temperature of 10 C (18 F) will halve the pot life. Water (for example very high humidity or contained in fabrics or fillers) causes an acceleration of the resin / hardener reaction. Different temperatures and humidities during processing have no significant impact on the mechanical properties of the cured product. Do not mix large quantities, especially if highly reactive systems are used. The heat flow from the mixing container is very low so the contents will be warmed up very fast because of the reaction heat (exothermic resin-hardener reaction). This can cause temperatures >200C (>400F) which may cause smoke intensive burning of the resin hardener mixture.
August, 2006
6-4
Retardant laminating resin MGS L 940

Hardener MGS 286, 940, 941
Characteristics Specifications Mixing ratio Temperature development DMA TG - Development page 4 5 5 6 7 8
Content
Approval
Fire class S4 will be aimed
Characteristics
Charateristics
easy to handle, retardant laminating resin
Application Operational temperatures Processing
heat loaded components with fire danger -60 C up to +40 C without curing -60 C up to +70 C with curing at moderate temperatures
Features
good initial curing at room temperatures
Storage
shelf life of 12 month in originally sealed container
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Retardant laminating resin MGS L 940
6-5
Retardant laminating resin L 940 Density Viscosity E p o xyequivalent E p o xyvalue Refractotryindex [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent/ 100g] 1,29 4.000 - 8.000 244 - 286 0,35 - 0,41 1,500-1,600
Specifications
Hardener 286 Density Viscosity Amine value Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [mg KOH/g] 0,94 - 0,97 60 - 100 450 - 500
Hardener 940 0,96 50 - 150 550 - 700
Hardener 941 1,015 200 - 850 450 - 580
1,4995 - 1,5100 1,5110 - 1,5250 1,4900 - 1,5100
Measuring conditions: measured at 25 C
Retardant laminating resin L 940 Hardener 286 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 24 2 100 : 33 2 Hardener 940 100 : 18 2 100 : 24 2 Hardener 941 100 : 20 2 100 : 26 2
Mixing ratio
August, 2006
6-6
Retardant laminating resin L 940 Hardener 286 Temperature [C]
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00

Time [h:min]
Measuring conditions: 100 g / 19 C
Retardant laminating resin L 940 Hrter 940 / 941 Temperature [C]

180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0:00 0:10 0:20 0:30 0:40 0:50
Measuring conditions: 100 g / 25 C
Time [h:min]
August, 2006
6-7
Retardant laminating resin L 940 Hardener 286 Curing 8 h 75 C E Storage Modulus [MPa] DMA-TG (peak) tan delta
DMA
1,20
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
tan d (1 Hz) E(1 HZ) Onset 88,2 C Peak 107,2 C
1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20 -0,40 180
Temperature [C]
Retardant laminating resin L 940 Hardener 940 / 941 Curing 10 h 80 C EStorage Modulus [MPa]
5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
DMA-TG (peak) tan delta Peak 99,8 C

0,90 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00 -0,10 180
E(1 HZ)
Onset 84,8 C
tan d (1 Hz)
Temperature [C]
August, 2006
6-8
Retardant laminating resin L 940 Hardener 286 at 70 C TG [C]
TG - Development
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5
TG3 TG2 TG1
10
15
20
25
Time [h]
Retardant laminating resin L 940 Hrter 941 at 80 C TG [C]

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25
TG3 TG2 TG1
Time [h]
August, 2006
6-9
MGS Foam resins

page 9 10 11 11 12 12 12 13 13
Characteristics Application Overview Processing Mixing ratios Mechanical data Foam resin L 37 Application pot life/cycle times Development of TG
Content
Characteristics
Approval -
Application
surfboards, boat hulls etc. for sports goods sporting equipment (paddles, canoes, etc.) body parts and panels in automotive construction and coach building
L 37:
120 C (248 F)
Processing
laminating or casting, preferably in closed moulds
Features
short cycle times possible
on request
Storage
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins MGS Foam resins
6 - 10
Epoxy foam resins are primarily used in the manufacture of foam laminates, either alone or in combination with light foam cores such as expanded polystyrene (Styropor), hard PUR foam, PVC foam (Conticell), acrylate foam (Rohacell) serving as sandwich elements.
Application
1 2
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2 1
1 2 3
Gelcoat Foam resin reinforced with fibers Foam core 20 - 50 kg/m3
This form of construction can be employed for the simple manufacture of: surfboards, boat hulls etc. for sports goods body parts and panels in automotive construction and coach building
August, 2006
6 - 11
Epoxy-based foam resins Foam resin L 37 Foam resin L 40 Hardener 37 Hardener 40 Blowing agent EP 50 Universal foam resin, slightly thixotropic Fibre-reinforced foam resin Standard hardener for short pot life extended pot life Blowing agent, has to be mixed into the resin before processing
Overview
The EP foam systems are supplied in 3 componets, the standard colour is transparent. Before processing, the blowing agent EP 50 has to be mixed carefully into the foam resin. Since the blowing agent is not soluble in the epoxy resin, it must be dispersed as well as possible. The method of dispersing the blowing agent into the foam resin greatly affects the properties of the final product. The foam resin - blowing agent mixture can be stored for approx. 2 weeks. One characteristic of epoxy foams in particular must be considered for processing: Contrary to other thermosetting foams (e. g. PUR foam) EP foam does not flow very much, i.e. the resin-hardener mixture must be applied very carefully over the complete area. Adequate tests are mandatory to find the optimum concentration of blowing agent, because numerous factors improve the density of the cured foam. Usual mixtures of foam resin blowing agent are 100 : 1 up to 100 : 3. You can add blowing agent up to 100 : 5.
Processing
August, 2006
6 - 12
Data of reinforced resin Foam resin L 37, Blowing agent 2 %, Hardener 37
Mechanical data
Reinforced with
Hybrid laminate construction: 4 x layers of glass fabric 1 x glass fabric 200 g 2 x endless mat 200 g 1 x glass fabric 200 g [%] 45 35
Glass content Flexural strength Density
[N/mm]
350 - 400
300 - 350
[g/cm]
1,3
1,25
Sample preparation Foam resin: Curing:
2 mm thick 15 min 80 C/ 176 F
Foam resin L 37 with hardener 37 is used where high heat resistance needs to be combined with a short process cycle time. Using this material, one can achieve a glass transition temperature (TG) as high as 120 C / 248 F (DSC). After curing, the system shows an extraordinary even foam structure. L 37 has as a milky-transparent appearance with thixotropic properties, while hardener 37 is a medium viscous, tough liquid that shows a characteristic color, thus making it fairly easy to apply an even layer of material. It is important to mix the resin component thoroughly with the blowing agent, even when premixed before every use.
Foam resin L 37 Application
foam resin L 37 : hardener 37 Parts by w eight Parts by volume 100 : 35-40 2 100 : 40-45 2
Mixing ratios
Resin and hardener must be mixed carefully. Mix until no clouding is visible in the mixing container. Special attention must be paid to the walls and bottom of the mixing container. Adding more hardener (foam resin L 37 with hardener 37 [100:35/100:40] parts by weight and foam resin L 37 with hardener 40 [100:40/100:45] parts by weight) will increase toughness, but reduce heat distortion temperature.
August, 2006
6 - 13
potlife (100 g) 20 C/ 68 F 40 C/ 104 F 60 C/ 140 F 80 C/ 176 F app. 60 min app. 20 min app. 8 min app. 4 min
minimum recommended cycle time not recommended app. 120 min app. 60 min app. 30 min
pot life/ cycle times
Cycle times may be shorter than stated, depending on the situation, and therefore require testing. Produced parts should undergo a post cure cycle, depending on the required heat resistance.
Foam resin L 37/ Hardener 37 TG TG [F] [C]
Development of TG
212 100 176 80 140 60 104 40 68 20 32

0 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3
80 C/176 F 60 C/140 F 40 C/104 F
3,5
cycle time [h]
August, 2006
6 - 14
Flexibilizer MGS V 51
page 14 15 15 16 16
Characteristics Specifications Application Elongation of break Mixing ratios
Content
Characteristics
Approval -
Application
toughening of epoxy resin systems
-50 up to +80 C (-58 up to +176 F)
Processing
all common processing methods
Features
low viscosity significant improvement in ultimate strain
Storage
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Flexibilizer MGS V 51
6 - 15
Flexibilization of epoxy resins Generally, two kinds of flexibilizers can be used: Reactive flexibilizers (long-chain, linear epoxy resins) Unreactive flexibilizers (e.g., the so-called softeners) These two types of flexibilizers are distinguished by the following characteristics: Reactive flexibilizers, such as our flexibilizer V 51, are incorporated into the molecule during setting. Due to their long-chain, linear structure, they provide for the high degree of extensibility of the hardened mould material. Since they are integrated in the epoxy resin molecule, the extensibility is retained - the resins flexibilized with these agents do not embrittle. Unreactive flexibilizers, also called "external" softeners, are slow-evaporating additives which are not incorporated in the epoxy resin molecule. These substances may diffuse out of thin layers in particular and thereby embrittle the mould material. Even small proportions of additives significantly decrease heat and chemical resistance. For this reason, we exclusively recommend using reactive flexibilizers.
Application
Flexibilizer V 51 Density Viscosity E p o xyequivalent E p o xyvalue Refractory index [g/cm] [mPas] [g/equivalent] [equivalent /100g] 1,00 - 1,15 50 - 100 300 - 330 0,30 - 0,33 1,5105 - 1,4550
Specifications
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins Flexibilizer MGS V 51
6 - 16
Laminating resin L 326 - Flexibilizer V 51 - Hardener 265

Elongation of break % 50
Elongation of break
25
10
Flexibilizer V 51 Laminating resin L 326
20 % 80 %
30 % 70 %
40 % 60 %
50 % 50 %
When mixing with epoxy resins, the mixing ratio must be calculated as follows: Example: 70 % resin L 160 (EP- value 0.57) and 30 % flexibilizer V 51 (EP- value 0.31) is to be processed with Hardener 161 (Amine equivalent 47). EP value of L 160: EP value of V 51: 0.57 x 70% 0.31 x 30% = 0.40 = 0.09 =0.49
Mixing ratios
-----------------------------------------------------------------EP value of the mixture
The hardener part is to be determined using the following formula: Parts by weight of hardener for 100 parts by weight of resin: EP value x amine equivalent 0.49 x 47 = 23.03, in practice: 100:23
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins General Sales Conditions
I. General Scope of Validity These conditions are applicable exclusively as far as we do not accept in writing any modifications or conditions of the buyer. Our conditions of sale apply, even if we accept the delivery in knowledge of opposing of from our conditions of sale deviating conditions of sale of the buyer. These conditions of sale shall also apply to all future business transactions between the contractual parties, without requiring a renewed note to these conditions. This applies even if the buyer took note of these conditions on the after the conclusion of the first contract between the parties. In case a single clause of these conditions is viewed to be invalid this does not affect the validity of the remaining clauses of this conditions. The INCOTERMS 2000 are applicable as far as they are not inconsistent with these conditions or written agreements. Rights and duties arising out of business relations with us cannot be transferred to third parties. 2. Offer / offer documents Our offers are without obligation regarding price, amount, time of delivery and ability to deliver. Offers and orders require written confirmation by us (also by invoice or by delivery note). Samples of our products are to be considered as rough indication of the qualities of the goods, unless anything varying has been agreed upon in writing. Advice and information is given by us to the best of our knowledge, however, without warranty. Suitability tests of the delivered goods as well as the observation of process specifications do not become dispensable. With respect to offers, technical illustrations, calculations and other documents we reserve our property- and copyrights, without our written consent it is not allowed to give third parties access to the documents and items specified above. 3. Price - Conditions of Payment The price applies to the delivery ex factory exclusive packaging. The dispatch weight and quantity as determined at our factory is decisive for the accounting of the prices. Incidental expenses (e. g. costs of bank remittances or redemptions of shipping documents) are to the buyers debit. Changes in our list prices or changes in the basis of our price calculations in freights, taxes, customs duties, costs, other duties or in the currency relations, which occur between the conclusion of the contract and the delivery, entitle us to corresponding price reductions or increases. When requested, the ordering party will be furnished with corresponding evidence. 4. Fulfillment - place of payment The place of delivery and payment is - notwithstanding our securing titles and rights according to sec. 9 - our delivering factory, even if the delivery is for instance FOB, CPT, DAF. 5. Transfer of the risk All consignments, goods, barrels and other containers are forwarded at buyers risk, always. We choose the way and manner of transportation, however, without guarantee for cheapest freighting, full exploitation of pay loads, and required size of wagons and containers. Desires of the buyer are taken into consideration at his expense and if possible. 6. Delivery Our deliveries are carried out according to our possibilities. For the adherence to any delivery times we are not responsible. In case the parties have agreed on a fixed date of delivery, the buyer is obliged in case of delay of delivery to allow an extension of delivery time. Correct and punctual delivery to us remains reserved. We consider the date as the date of delivery, on which the deliveries are made available to the buyer. Part deliveries and their billing are permitted. Acts of God and of Government, strikes, lockouts, interruptions of operation, distribution and of traffic, occurring to us or our suppliers entitle us to postpone the delivery to an appropriate future date or to retreat from all or part of the remaining contractual obligations. 7. Liability for defects Warranty claims asserted by the ordering party are only possible if he has met his inspection and complaints obligation stipulated in Section 377 of the German commercial code (HGB) and that such claims have been received within a period of eight days of the goods being received, stating the date of the order and the invoice, together with the consignment number. Should a defect be given, we are entitled to provide subsequent fulfilment in the form of the remedying of the defect or the delivery of a new item which is free from defects. In the case of a remedying of the defect, we are obliged to bear all expenses incurred for the remedying of the defect, especially transportation, infrastructure, labour and material costs, as far as these are not increased as a result of the goods being transported to a location other than the place of performance. Should the subsequent fulfilment be unsuccessful, the ordering party is entitled to choose to rescind the contract or demand diminution. We assume liability in accordance with the legal provisions should the ordering party claim compensation on the grounds of actions which have been taken with intent or which are founded on gross negligence, including intent or gross negligence committed by our representatives or agents. Should we not be guilty of committing a breach of contract with intent, the liability for compensation is restricted to damages which could be seen as being typically foreseeable. We also assume liability in accordance with the legal provisions should we commit a culpable breach of a fundamental contractual obligation; however, in this case the liability for compensation is restricted to damages which could be seen as being typically foreseeable. This has no effect on a liability on
General Sales Conditions
August, 2006
Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins General Sales Conditions
the grounds of death, personal injury or health impediments resulting from culpable actions. Should nothing to the contrary be stipulated in this item, the liability is excluded. The period of limitation for warranty claims amounts to twelve months from the date of the passing of the risk. This has no effect on the period of limitation in the case of a delivery recourse as stipulated in sections 478, 479 BGB (German civil code); it amounting to five years, as from the delivery of the defective item. 8. Joint and several liability A liability for compensation over and above that stipulated in Item 7 is excluded, irrespective of the legal nature of the asserted claim. This is especially the case with regard to claims for compensation asserted on the grounds of a fault at the time the contract is concluded, on the grounds of a miscellaneous breach of duty or on the grounds of tortious claims asserted for material damage in accordance with Section 823 BGB. As far as the liability for compensation is excluded or restricted against ourselves, this has analogous validity with regard to the personal liability for compensation against our salaried employees, waged employees, staff, representatives and agents. We shall not plead a limitation of liability if the defect was concealed with an intent to deceive or we have provided a guarantee for the quality of the item. 9. Setting off - right of retention The right to set off and the assertion of a lien against our claims are excluded. If the buyer is in default with an obligation to us or if we have doubts about his solvency (eg. in case of suspension of payments), our delivery obligations are suspended, and we are entitled to claim the settlement of all claims as well as reasonable default interest. 10. Reservation of Proprietary rights We are reserved the right of disposal on all goods until all claims we can hold the buyer responsible for are settled those goods thus remaining our property until then, and they cannot be pawned, title to them cannot be transferred for securing a debt, and they cannot be resold except in the ordinary course of business. Should a retention of title be ineffective according to the law in the scope of application of which the goods are, we are entitled to the securing titles and rights admitted by that law. The buyer is obliged to point out to us the actions to be taken by us for the maintenance of these rights. He has to co-operate at such action, too. Should any third party raise claims to our goods, we have to be notified immediately in writing. 11. Escape clause If any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid, such invalidity shall not affect any of the other provisions. 12. Jurisdictional venue - applicable law Our business relations with the buyer are subject to the German laws. Commercial clauses are to be interpreted according to the INCOTERMS valid at that time. The courts of Iserlohn have jurisdiction. We may also request the application of the foreign law to which the buyer is subjects as well as appeal to the court having jurisdiction over the buyer.
Disclaimer
August, 2006

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Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins

Preface Laminating resin systems

Infusion resin systems

Mould resin systems

Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins

General Sales Conditions

HEXION Speciality Chemicals Stuttgart GmbH (former MGS) - Our Company

Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins

Laminating resin MGS L 160

at temperatures between 10 C and 50 C ( 50 - 122 F)

shelf life of 24 months in originally sealed containers

Hardener 163 0,94 - 0,97 10 - 60 520 - 580 1,5108 - 1,5115

Hardener 260 S 0,93 - 0,97 80 - 100 450 - 500 1,4980 - 1,4985

Measuring conditions: measured at 25 C / 77 F

Laminating resin L 160 Average EP Value 0,57

Hardener 160 Average amine equivalent 44

Hardener 160 A average amine equivalent 49

Composition weight % Hardener 160 100 80 70 60 0 Hardener 260 S 0 20 30 40 100

on request on request on request on request on request on request on request on request

Sample preparation 100 g / 20 C (68 F)

Film thickness 1 mm at different temperatures

Onset 76,2 C E(1 Hz)

1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60

Heat treatment: 15 h 50 C/122 F tan d (1 Hz)

0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20

E Storage Modulus [MPa]

E(1 Hz) Onset 110,2 C

0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20

Measurment conditions Coupon thickness: 2 mm Heating rate: 2 K/min Frequency: 1 Hz

L 160 with Hardener 160 unconditioned conditioned 75 - 80 C 167-176 F 65 - 70 C 149-158 F

L 160 with Hardener 163 85 - 90 C 185-194 F 80 - 85 C 176-185 F

L 160 with Hardener 260 S 90 - 95 C 194-203 F 85 - 95 C 185-203 F

Glass transition temperature (TG) DSC

Sample preparation Conditioned at 40 C (104 F) 90 % rel. humidity

Heat treatment 50 C/ 122 F

Laminating resin L 160 Hardener 260 S [F] [C] TG3

Sample preparation Initial curing before heat treatment 24 h at room temperature

Data of reinforced resin Static tests in standard climate

Measuring conditions: Curing: 24 h at 23 C (74 F) + 15 h at 80 C (176 F)

Technical Information Epoxy and Phenolic Resins Division Epoxy Resins

EPIKOTETM Resin MGS L 285

shelf life of 24 month in originally sealed containers

Measuring conditions: measured at 25 C / 77 F

Hardener 286 0,94 - 0,97 60 - 100 450 - 500 1,4995 - 1,5100

Hardener 287 0,93 - 0,96 80 - 120 450 - 500 1,4950 - 1,4990

Measuring conditions: measured at 25 C / 77 F

Resin L285 Average EP - Value Average amine equivalent 0,62

Sample: 100 g / 20 C (70 F)

Resin L 285 Hardener 287 app.5-6 hours app. 80-120 min

Film thickness 1 mm at different temperatures

Onset 70,2 C E(1 Hz) Heat treatment: 15 h 50 C/122 F tan d (1 Hz)

1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20

E Storage Modulus [MPa]

0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 -0,20

Measurement conditions Coupon thickness: 2 mm Heating rate: 2 K/min Frequency: 1 Hz

Hardener 285 unconditioned conditioned 176-185 F 80-85 C 149-158 F 65-70 C

Hardener 286 185-194 F 85-90 C 172-179 F 78-82 C

Hardener 287 194-203 F 90-95 C 181-190 C 83-88 C

Sample preparation: Conditioned at 40 C (104F) 90 % rel. humidity

Laminating resin L 285 Hardeners 285 [F] [C] TG3

230 110 212 100 194 176 158 140 122

Heat treatment 50 C/122 F

230 110 212 100 194 176 158 140 122

Data of reinforced resin Static tests in standard climate