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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST


RAMON MAGSAYSAY MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER, INC.

MEDITATION, PRAYER AND PRESENCE (MPP) AND ITS INFLUENCE ON


UNCERTAINTY, COPING AND ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
AMONG PERSONS LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

A Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of the Graduate School
University of the East
Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Inc.

In partial fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Science in Nursing

By
Sr. Cleofe M. Macalino, SMI, RN
2014

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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
RAMON MAGSAYSAY MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER, INC.
This thesis hereto entitled:

MEDITATION, PRAYER AND PRESENCE (MPP) AND ITS INFLUENCE ON


UNCERTAINTY, COPING AND ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
AMONG PERSONS LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
Prepared and submitted by Sr. Cleofe M. Macalino, in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree Master of Science in Nursing major in Adult Health has been examined and is
recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL EXAMINATION.
___________________________________
WILHELMINA Z. ATOS, PhD, RN
Adviser
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of PASS on March 22, 2014.
______________________________
GLENDA S. ARQUIZA, PhD, RN
Chair
________________________________
NORMA G. NASTOR, MAN, RN
Member

_______________________________
CARMELITA R. SALVADOR, MAed
Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in
Nursing major in Adult Health.
_______________________________________
MARIA LUISA T. UAYAN, DHSc, MSN, RN
Program Coordinator MSN/MAN
________________________________________
GEMILIANO D. ALIGUI, MD, MPH, PhD
Dean Graduate School

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

For the people who have made this study possible, first of all I would like to
express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Wilhelmina Z. Atos, my thesis adviser, for her
invaluable guidance, wisdom and genuine support throughout the course of this study.
With heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Carmelita C. Divinagracia, for her encouragement,
trust and confidence in me, and most importantly for allowing me to adapt her
COMPOSURE Behavior Model in my study.
To Dean Gemiliano D. Aligui for his kind understanding and patience, to Dr. Luisa
T. Uayan, for her enthusiasm, concern and generous support, to my thesis panellists:
Dr.Glenda S. Arquiza, Mrs. Norma G. Nastor and Mrs. Carmelita R. Salvador for their
helpful suggestions and expertise, to my professors in the College of Nursing and
Graduate School who inspired and motivated me, for the knowledge shared and lessons
learned from them.
I would like to acknowledge the financial support extended to me by the
Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

in the grant of a postgraduate research

scholarship through the UERM College of Nursing that provided me the necessary
financial support for this research.

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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
RAMON MAGSAYSAY MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER, INC.

My sincerest thanks to Rev. Fr. Rodolfo Vicente Dan Cancino, MI, Director of St.
Camillus Woodwater Center for Healing and Miss Gerlita Enrera, Social Worker, for the
invaluable help and support extended to me; to Mr. Paul Darren Katigbak and Mr. Sharl
Lucero, Nurse - Research Assistants, for their time and efforts in data collection. I will
always be thankful.
I am truly grateful to all my sisters in the Philippine Delegation for their spiritual
and moral support especially to Sr. Bernadette Faustino and Sr. Liberty Elarmo; to Sr.
Asuncion Gipoleo and to my sisters of OMD community Sr. Veronica Mondia, Sr. Fe
Santos and Sr. Teofanisa Ochavo for their loving presence, care and understanding.
To Sr. Benilda Quimio for allowing me to use the prayer I pray you O Lord
which she composed; for her availability and generosity in translating the questionnaires
in my study thank you so much.
To the positive community who have willingly participated in this study; for their
insightful reflections and sincerity. May this serve as one pathway that will lead them to
embark on a spiritual journey with God.
I would also like to extend my thanks to my classmates and friends in the Graduate
School for the encouragement, suggestions and companion.

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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
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I am most grateful to my parents, my brothers Bong and Jone, and my sisters
Jeannette and Lingling especially to my mother Vicky who is always there for me; for her
selfless love and loving support.
And most importantly to God in whom I dedicate and offer this work, for the gift
of my life and

my vocation, for nourishing my spirit and giving me the inner strength

that I need, and for everything that He has done for me particularly for the people who
were instruments in making this study possible with my deepest gratitude.

Sr. Cleofe M. Macalino SMI, RN

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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
RAMON MAGSAYSAY MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER, INC.
ABSTRACT

Macalino, Cleofe M. (2014) MSN Major in Adult Health. University of the East Ramon
Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center. Meditation, Prayer and Presence and its Influence on
Uncertainty, Coping, and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Persons Living with
Human Immunodeficiency Virus

This study aimed to determine the influence of meditation, prayer, and presence (MPP) to
the adherence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among the respondents. It specifically
sought to answer the following: the level of uncertainty and adherence before and after
meditation, prayer and presence, the coping styles utilized; relationship between level of
uncertainty, coping styles utilized and adherence to ART; factors that influence level of
uncertainty, coping, and adherence to ART; lastly, relationship between uncertainty and
adherence before and after MPP.
It utilized a quantitative, descriptive correlation method of study. This design is a one
group pretest post test for single group. Sampling method utilized was non-probability
snowball sampling. Sixty (60) persons living with HIV were recruited but only 30 of
them were qualified. St. Camillus Woodwater Center for Healing was the site of the
study. The following were the tools utilized in this study Mishel Uncertainty in Illness
Scale-Community form (MUIS-C), the Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS) and the Visual
Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical program system software (SPSS) tool box was the
method of analysis used to obtain statistical

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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
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data. Results shows that there was a slight decrease in the level of uncertainty and a
marked decrease in adherence before and after MPP, coping style most often used was
supportant (mean = 0.53) and coping style used as most effective was optimistic (mean =
0.13). There is a low negative correlation between uncertainty and coping. Gender and
educational background were the factors found to be significant in terms of level of
adherence. There was a significant difference among the three variables between coping
and uncertainty (p-value = 0.033), uncertainty and adherence (p-value = 0.000), coping
and

adherence

(p-value=

0.000)

before

and

after

MPP.

Therefore, the results showed that there is a positive correlation among the three variables
and that the intervening variables - meditation, prayer and presence can influence a
persons perceived uncertainty, coping and degree of adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
Thus meditation prayer and presence can be used as an intervention in clinical settings as
a complementary therapy or as an adjunct to a therapy particularly for ART adherence
among persons with HIV.

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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Title page

Approval sheets

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Acknowledgements

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Abstract

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Table of Contents

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List of Tables

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List of Figures

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Appendices

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I.

INTRODUCTION

Review of Related Literature

Theoretical Framework

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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
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II.

Conceptual Framework

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Statement of the Problem

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Definition of Terms

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METHODS

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Research Design

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Participants

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Sampling

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Setting

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Measures

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Procedures for Meditation, Presence and Prayer

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Data Analysis and Treatment

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III.

RESULTS

IV.

DISCUSSION

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A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

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Respondents Demographic Profile


Level of Uncertainty and Adherence
Coping Styles Utilized
Level of Uncertainty and Coping
Factors that Influence Level of Uncertainty, Coping and Adherence
Meditation, Prayer and Presence, and Adherence

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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
RAMON MAGSAYSAY MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER, INC.

V.

Limitations of the Study

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CHAPTER V

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Summary of Findings

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Conclusion

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Recommendations

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References

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List of Tables

Table 1: Demographic Profile of Respondents


Table 2: Level of Uncertainty and Adherence to ART of
Respondents Before and After MPP
Table 3: Coping Styles Often Utilized
Table 4: Coping Styles Utilized as Effective
Table 5: Correlation between Levels of Uncertainty,
Coping Styles and Adherence
Factors that Influence Respondents Level of Uncertainty,
Level of Coping and Level of Adherence

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Table 6: Age, Gender, Educational Background, Latest CD4


Count and Level of Coping

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Table 7: Age, Gender, Educational Background, Latest CD4


Count and Level of Uncertainty

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Table 8: Age, Gender, Educational Background, Latest CD4


Count and Level Adherence

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Table 9: Significant Differences in Uncertainty and Adherence


to ART after Meditation, Prayer and Presence

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Table 10: Summary of Significant Results

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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
RAMON MAGSAYSAY MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER, INC.

List of Figures

Figure 1: Schematic Presentation of Mishels Theory of Uncertainty

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Figure 2: Adaptation of Merle Mishels Uncertainty in Illness Theory

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UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
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APPENDICES

A.1 COMPOSURE BEHAVIORS Nursing Measure Protocol (CBNMP) - Presence


A.2 COMPOSURE BEHAVIORS Nursing Measure Protocol (CBNMP) Prayer
A.3COMPOSURE BEHAVIORS Nursing Measure Protocol (CBNMP) Meditation
B. I Pray You O Lord
C. Mishel Uncertainty In Illness Scale Community Form
D. Jalowiec Coping Scales (English)

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