Chapter 2: Concepts of Personality Development

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. According to Eriksons developmental theory, when planning care for a 47-year-old client, which developmental task sho ld a n rse identify as appropriate for this client! A "o develop a #asic tr st in others. . $ "o achieve a sense of self-confidence and recognition from others. . % "o reflect #ack on life events to derive pleas re and meaning. . & "o achieve esta#lished life goals and consider the welfare of f t re generations. .

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'. A (ilted college st dent is admitted to a hospital following a s icide attempt. "he client states, )*m s ch a loser, no one will ever love me.+ According to Eriksons theory of personality development, a n rse sho ld recogni,e that this client has not ade- ately completed which stage of development! A "r st vers s mistr st . $ *nitiative vers s g ilt . % *ntimacy vers s isolation . & Ego integrity vers s despair .

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.. A n rse o#serves a .-year-old client willingly sharing candy with a si#ling. According to /epla , which psychological stage of development sho ld the n rse determine that this child has completed! A )0earning to co nt on others.+ . $ )0earning to delay satisfaction.+ . % )*dentifying oneself.+ . & )&eveloping skills in participation.+ .

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4. A 1-month-old child screams every time his mother leaves and will not tolerate anyone else changing his diaper. "he n rse sho ld determine that, according to 2ahlers developmental theory, this childs development arrested at which phase! A "he a tistic phase . $ "he sym#iotic phase . % "he separation3individ ation phase

. & "he rapprochement phase .

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4. /arents report to a n rse that their 1'-year-old girl #ecomes hysterical every time she strikes o t in soft#all, falls down when roller-skating, or loses when playing games. According to /epla s interpersonal theory, in which stage of development sho ld the n rse identify a need for improvement! A )0earning to co nt on others.+ . $ )0earning to delay satisfaction.+ . % )*dentifying oneself.+ . & )&eveloping skills in participation.+ .

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5. According to /epla , a n rse who provides an a#andoned child with parental g idance and praise following small accomplishments is serving which therape tic role! A "he role of technical e6pert. . $ "he role of reso rce person. . % "he role of s rrogate. . & "he role of leader. .

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7. A n rse directs the client interaction and plans for interventions to achieve client goals. According to /epla s framework for psychodynamic n rsing, what therape tic role is this n rse ass ming! A "he role of technical e6pert. . $ "he role of reso rce person. . % "he role of teacher. . & "he role of leader. .

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7. 8hen assessing clients, a psychiatric n rse sho ld nderstand that psychoanalytic theory is #ased on which nderlying concept! A A possi#le genetic #asis for the client pro#lems. . $ "he str ct re and dynamics of the personality. . % $ehavioral responses to stressors. .

& 2aladaptive cognitions. .

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1. 8hich nderlying concept sho ld a n rse associate with interpersonal theory when assessing a client! A "he effects of social processes on personality development. . $ "he effects of nconscio s processes and personality str ct res. . % "he effects on tho ghts and percept al processes. . & "he effects of chemical and genetic infl ences. .

____ 19. A physically healthy, .4-year-old single client lives with parents who provide total financial s pport. According to Eriksons theory, which developmental task sho ld a n rse assist the client to accomplish! A Esta#lishing the a#ility to control emotional reactions. . $ Esta#lishing a strong sense of ethics and character str ct re. . % Esta#lishing and maintaining self-esteem. . & Esta#lishing a career, personal relationships, and societal connections. .

____ 11. A 1-month-old infant is left alone for e6tended periods, has little physical stim lation, and is malno rished. According to 2ahlers theory, a n rse sho ld determine that this infant wo ld not meet which developmental phase! A "he sym#iotic phase . $ "he a tistic phase . % "he consolidation phase . & "he rapprochement phase .

____ 1'. A 5-year-old #oy ses his fathers flashlight to e6plore his .-year-old sisters genitalia. According to :re d, in which stage of psychosocial development sho ld a n rse identify this #ehavior as normal! A ;ral . $ Anal . % /hallic . & 0atency .

____ 1.. A married, '5-year-old client works as a schoolteacher. <he and her h s#and have ( st had their first child. 8hich stage of Eriksons developmental theory sho ld a n rse identify that this client in the process of s ccessf lly accomplishing! A *nd stry vers s inferiority . $ *dentity vers s role conf sion . % *ntimacy vers s isolation . & =enerativity vers s stagnation .

____ 14. A 19-year-old child wins the science fair competition and is chosen as a cheerleader for the #asket#all team. 8hich stage of Eriksons developmental theory is this child in the process of s ccessf lly accomplishing! A *nd stry vers s inferiority . $ *dentity vers s role conf sion . % *ntimacy vers s isolation . & =enerativity vers s stagnation .

____ 14. A client has flash#acks of se6 al a# se #y her ncle. <he had not #een aware of these memories ntil recently, when she #ecame se6 ally active with her #oyfriend. A n rse sho ld identify this event as which part of < llivans concept of the self-system! A "he )good me.+ . $ "he )#ad me.+ . % "he )not me.+ . & "he )#ad yo .+ .

____ 15. According to :re d, which statement sho ld a n rse associate with predominance of the s perego! A )>o one is looking, so * will take three cigarettes from 2oms pack.+ . $ )* dont ever cheat on tests. *t is wrong.+ . % )*f * skip school * will get in tro #le and fail my test.+ . & )&ad wont miss this little #it of vodka.+ .

____ 17. A female complains that her h s#and only meets his se6 al needs and never her needs. According to :re d, which personality str ct re sho ld a n rse identify as predominantly driving the h s#ands actions! A "he id . $ "he s perid . % "he ego . & "he s perego .

____ 17. A father of a 4-year-old demeans and c rses at his child for diso#edience. *n t rn, when pset, the child ses swear words at kindergarten. According to /epla , a school n rse sho ld identify that this #ehavior indicates ns ccessf l completion of which stage of this childs development! A )0earning to co nt on others.+ . $ )0earning to delay satisfaction.+ . % )*dentifying oneself.+ . & )&eveloping skills in participation.+ .

____ 11. A n rse is caring for a hospitali,ed client is - arrelsome, opinionated, and has little regard for others. According to < llivans interpersonal theory, the n rse sho ld associate the clients #ehaviors with a previo s deficit in which stage of development! A *nfancy . $ %hildhood . % Early adolescence . & 0ate adolescence .

Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. ____ 1. 8hich concepts sho ld a n rse identify as #eing incl ded in the &<2-*?-"@ definition of personality! A<elect all that apply.B A /ersonality is an end ring pattern of perceiving. . $ /ersonality is infl enced #y relationships #etween the environment and self. . % /ersonality is developed in sporadic stages that vary from person to person. .

& /ersonality is infl enced #y a wide range of social and personal conte6ts. . E /ersonality is in#orn and cannot #e infl enced #y developmental progression. .

Chapter 2: Concepts of Personality Development Answer Section

MULT PL! C"# C! 1. A><C & "he n rse sho ld identify that an appropriate developmental task for a 47-year-old client wo ld #e to achieve esta#lished life goals and consider the welfare of f t re generations. According to Erikson, the client wo ld #e in the generativity vers s stagnation stage of development. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '. DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC /lanning '. A><C % "he n rse sho ld recogni,e that the client who states, )*m s ch a loser, no one will ever love me+ has not ade- ately completed the intimacy vers s isolation stage of development. "he intimacy vers s isolation stage is pres med to occ r in yo ng ad lthood #etween the ages of '9 and .9 years. "he ma(or developmental task in this stage is to esta#lish intense, lasting relationships or commitment to another person, ca se, instit tion, or creative effort. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '. DEEC %ognitive 0evelC %omprehension F *ntegrated /rocessC Assessment .. A><C $ "he n rse sho ld determine that this client has completed the )0earning to delay satisfaction+ stage of development according to /epla s interpersonal theory. "his stage typically occ rs in toddlerhood when one learns the satisfaction of pleasing others. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '7 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Assessment 4. A><C $ "he n rse sho ld nderstand that this client has halted in the sym#iotic phase of 2ahlers developmental theory, which s ally occ rs #etween 1 and 4 months of age. "he child has not entered into the separation3 individ ation phase of development in which the child esta#lishes the viewpoint of #eing separate from the mother. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '4 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Analysis 4. A><C & "he n rse sho ld identify that this client needs to improve in the )&eveloping skills in participation+ stage of /epla s interpersonal theory. ;lder children in this phase learn the skills of compromise, competition, and cooperation with others. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '7 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Assessment 5. A><C %

"he n rse who provides an a#andoned child with parental g idance and praise is serving the role of the s rrogate according to /epla s interpersonal theory. A s rrogate serves as a s #stit te for another personGin this case, the childs parent. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '7 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC %omprehension F *ntegrated /rocessC *mplementation 7. A><C & "he n rse who directs client interaction and plans for interventions if ass ming the role of the leader. According to /epla , a leader directs the n rse3client interaction and ens res that actions are taken to achieve goals. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '7 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC %omprehension F *ntegrated /rocessC *mplementation 7. A><C $ "he n rse sho ld nderstand that psychoanalytic theory is #ased on the nderlying concepts of the str ct re and dynamics of personality. /sychoanalytic theory was developed #y <igm nd :re d and e6plains the str ct re of personality in three different componentsC the id, ego, and s perego. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC 17 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Dnowledge F *ntegrated /rocessC Assessment 1. A><C A "he n rse sho ld associate interpersonal theory with the nderlying concept of effects of social process on personality development. < llivan developed stages of personality development #ased on his theory of interpersonal relationships and their effect on personality and individ al #ehavior. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '9 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Assessment 19. A><C & "he n rse sho ld assist the client in esta#lishing a career, personal relationships, and societal connections. According to Erikson, nonachievement of the generativity vers s stagnation stage res lts in self-a#sorption, incl ding withdrawal from others and having no capacity for giving of the self to others. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '. DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Assessment 11. A><C $ "he n rse sho ld determine that a 1-month-old infant who is left alone, has little physical stim lation, and is malno rished wo ld not meet the a tistic phase of development. "he a tistic phase of development s ally occ rs from #irth to 1 month, at which time the infants foc s is on #asic needs and comfort. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '4 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Analysis 1'. A><C %

"he n rse sho ld identify this #ehavior as normal #eca se the 5-year-old client who foc ses on genital organs is in the phallic stage of :re ds stages of psychose6 al stages of development. %hildren in the phallic stage of development foc s on genital organs and develop a sense of se6 al identity. *dentification with the samese6 parent also occ rs at this stage. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '4 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Analysis 1.. A><C % "he n rse sho ld identify that a '5-year-old client who is married and has a child has s ccessf lly accomplished the intimacy vers s isolation stage of Eriksons developmental theory. "he intimacy vers s isolation stage of yo ng ad lthood involves forming lasting relationships. Achievement of this tasks res lts in the capacity for m t al love and respect. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '. DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Assessment 14. A><C A "he 19-year-old child who is s ccessf l in school #oth academically and socially has s ccessf lly accomplished the ind stry vers s inferiority developmental stage of Eriksons psychosocial theory. "he ind stry vers s inferiority stage of development s ally occ rs #etween 5 to 1' years of age, at which time individ als achieve a sense of self-confidence #y learning, competing, performing s ccessf lly, and receiving recognition from others. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '. DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Analysis 14. A><C % "he n rse sho ld identify a client remem#ering se6 al a# se when #ecoming se6 ally active with her #oyfriend as e6periencing the )not me+ part of the personality. According to < llivan, the )not me+ part of the personality develops in response to sit ations that prod ced intense an6iety in childhood. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '1 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Analysis 15. A><C $ "he n rse sho ld associate the statement )* dont ever cheat on tests. *t is wrong+ as indicative of the predominance of the s perego. :re d descri#ed the s perego as the part of the personality that internali,es the val es and morals set forth #y primary caregivers. "he s perego can #e referred to as the )perfection principle.+ /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '1 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Analysis F *ntegrated /rocessC Analysis

17. A><C A "he n rse sho ld identify that the h s#ands actions are driven #y the predominance of the id. According to :re d, the id is the part of the personality that is identified as the pleas re principle. "he id is the loc s of instinct al drives. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC 17 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Analysis

17. A><C % "he n rse sho ld identify that the child sing swear words in kindergarten has not s ccessf lly completed the )*dentifying oneself+ stage according to /epla s interpersonal theory. & ring this stage of early childhood, a child learns to str ct re self-concept #y o#serving how others interact with him or her. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '7 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Analysis 11. A><C $ "he n rse sho ld associate the clients #ehavior with a deficit in the childhood stage of < llivans interpersonal theory. "he childhood stage in < llivans interpersonal theory typically occ rs from the ages of 17 months to 5 years of age, d ring which the child learns to e6perience a delay in personal gratification witho t nd e an6iety. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC '1 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC Analysis MULT PL! R!SP#$S! 1. A><C A, $, & "he n rse sho ld identify that the following concepts are incl ded in the &<2-*?-"@ definition of personalityC /ersonality is an end ring pattern of perceiving, it is infl enced #y a wide range of social and personal conte6ts, and it is in#orn. /ersonality disorders are coded on A6is ** of the &<2-*?-"@ m ltia6ial diagnosis and incl de disorders organi,ed into three cl stersC odd and eccentric disorders Acl ster ABH dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders Acl ster $BH and an6io s or fearf l disorders Acl ster %B. /"<C 1 @E:C /ageC 17 DEEC %ognitive 0evelC Application F *ntegrated /rocessC %omm nicationI&oc mentation