Golf Club: A golf club is used to strike the ball in the game of golf.

It has a long shaft with a grip at one end and a weighted end affixed at a certain angle to the shaft at the other end. Earlier the clubs were mainly wooden, but setback due to fracture prompted development of shafts of steel, titanium, carbon fibres or other type of metals. Manufacturing: Forming the head

The head is formed by investment casting. A master die of the club head is made from metal. Molten wax is injected into a die which has a cavity of the exact shape and size of the desired head to be made. When the wax is hard, the die is opened, and the wax pattern is removed. This process is repeated several times. Several wax patterns are attached to a central wax column, called a sprue, to form a tree. The prepared wax pattern is dipped in a slurry made by suspending fine ceramic materials in a liquid such as ethyl silicate or sodium silicate. Once the coating dries, the tree is placed in a container containing liquid molding slurry of increased grain size. When a shell of 6-15 mm is reached, mould is ready. The hardened mold is heated to about 550-1,100 C in an oven to melt the wax patterns. The melted wax runs out the bottom and any wax residue is vaporized. The mold is then inverted. Molten metal for the club head is poured into the hot mold and allowed to harden. When the metal has cooled, the mold material is broken away from the tree, and the individual cast heads are cut off the sprue. The investment casting process produces parts with an excellent surface finish and no flash or parting lines to remove. Most iron heads are heated treated to harden the outer surface. This causes the steel near the surface to form a different grain structure that is much harder than the rest of the head.

Forming the shaft

The shaft is made of steel or stainless steel, it is formed by a process called tube drawing(extrusion of tubes). A tube of the desired length is pulled part way through an opening in a die slightly smaller than the tube diameter, which causes the drawn portion of the tube to neck down in diameter. This process is repeated several times. Each time the die diameter is made slightly smaller, and the length of tube pulled through the die is several inches less. The result is a tube that decreases in diameter from about 0.50 in (13 mm) to about 0.37 in (9.5 mm) in seven or eight small steps spaced along the length of the shaft.

If the shaft is made of steel, it is chrome plated after it is formed.

Assembling the club

There are several ways to fasten the head to the shaft. With some metal shafts, the shaft is inserted into the socket on the head and a small hole is drill crossways through both the socket and the shaft. A small metal pin is then pressed into the hole and held in place with an epoxy adhesive. The shaft might also be bounded to the head through an adhesive.

The other end of the shaft is placed in a hollow die and a rubber grip is molded around its upper portion. The shaft may then be labeled with an adhesive sticker to show the manufacturer, brand name, degree of flex, or other information. The raised metal parts are polished to give the club a finished appearance. As a final step, any recessed lettering or logos on the club head may be filled with paint or another color finish. Adhesive stickers or adhesive-backed metal plates may be affixed to the club head for identification or decoration as well.