CENTRE OF DIPLOMA STUDIES

COMPUTER ADDED DESIGN LABORATORY

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEET
Subject Code and Name
DEK 3133
MICROCONTROLLER
Experiment Code 06
Experiment Title Introduction to EEPROM & ADC
Course Code DET/DEE/DEX
Document Reference
No. RPP-05 Page. Number P a g e | 1
Document Title
LABORATORY
PRACTICUM
Edition 1
Revision No. 4
Effective Date 12/8/2010
Amendment Date 12/8/2010
SUBJECT INFORMATION
SUBJECT : DEK 3133 MICROCONTROLLER
TOPIC : Lab 6 Introduction to PIC EEPROM and Analog Digital Converter.
AIM To apply the knowledge and understanding on how to read/write the PICs EEPROM and how
to apply Analog Digital Converter (ADC)
1 OBJECTIVES
1.1 To understand the design of keypad.
1.2 To determine and analyze the function of keypad.
1.3 To understand the configuration of LCD.
2 EQUIPMENT
2.1 PIC Development Board PICDEV
2.2 PIC16F877A (4Mhz Fosc)
2.3 MPLAB IDE Program
2.4 Mikro C
2.5 Proteus
2.6 The PIC Development Board User manual
2.7 Power supply 9V
3 THEORY
3.1 EEPROM
The EEPROM of PIC can be 1,000,000 erase/write cycle and Data EEPROM Retention can reach over 40
years. The data EEPROM and Flash program memory is readable and writable during normal operation (over
the full VDD range). This memory is not directly mapped in the register file space. Instead, it is indirectly
addressed through the Special Function Registers. There are six SFRs used to read and write this memory:
EECON1
EECON2
EEDATA
EEDATH
EEADR
EEADRH
Document Reference
No. RPP-05 Page. Number P a g e | 2
Document Title
LABORATORY
PRACTICUM
Edition 1
Revision No. 4
Effective Date 12/8/2010
Amendment Date 12/8/2010
When interfacing to the data memory block, EEDATA holds the 8-bit data for read/write and EEADR holds
the address of the EEPROM location being accessed. The PIC16F877A have 256 bytes of data EEPROM. So
that the address of EEPROM is 00h FFh or 0 255
3.2 EEPROM IN C PROGRAMMING
MikroC includes two library for comfortable work with EEPROM. It can be use to read and write the
EEPROMeasily. There library routines are:
Eeprom_Read(unsigned int address);
i.e: result = Eeprom_Read(0x3F); //Read the content of address 3F and put it in variable result.
Or the address can be write in decimal value, i.e : result = Eeprom_Read(63)
Eeprom_Write(unsigned int address, unsigned short data)
i.e: Eeprom_Write(0x3F, 1234); // Save/Write a value of 1234 into EEPROM at address 3F.
Or the address can be write in decimal value, i.e : Eeprom_Write(63,1234)
3.3 ANALOG DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC)
Analog-to Digital converters are among the most widely used devices for data acquisition. Digital computers
use binary (discrete) values, but in the physical world everything is analog (continuous). Temperature, pressure
(wind or liquid), humidity, and velocity are a few examples of physical quantities that we deal with every day.
A physical quantity is converted to electrical (voltage, current) signals using a device called a transducer.
Transducers are also referred to as sensors. Sensors for temperature, velocity, pressure, light, and many other
natural quantities produce an output that is voltage (or current). Therefore, we need an analog to digital
converter to translate the analog signals to digital numbers so that the microcontroller can read and process
them. See the figure below:
Microcontroller Connection to Sensor via ADC
3.4 ADC FOR PIC16F877A
The PIC16F877A has eight input pins for analog digital conversions. The conversion of an analog input signal
results in a corresponding 10-bit digital number. By selecting voltage references Vref- and Vref+, the minimal
resolution or quality of conversion may be adjusted to various needs. The ADC module has four registers.
These registers are:
A/D Result High Register (ADRESH)
A/D Result Low Register (ADRESL)
A/D Control Register 0 (ADCON0)
A/D Control Register 1 (ADCON1)
Document Reference
No. RPP-05 Page. Number P a g e | 3
Document Title
LABORATORY
PRACTICUM
Edition 1
Revision No. 4
Effective Date 12/8/2010
Amendment Date 12/8/2010
3.5 ADC RESOLUTION
PIC16F877A has 10-bit resolution. So the number of steps is: 1024 = (0000000000 1111111111). When
Vref 5V(internal voltage supply) is used, the step size is 5V/1024 = 4.88mV. So its mean that every bit
increment is equal of single step voltage increment ~ 4.88mV.
For example to calculate the binary value of ADC that use Vref = 5V and the analog input = 1.7V is by using
the formula below.
D
out
= V
in
/ Step Size. D
out
= 1.7V / 4.88mV = 348.36 348 0101011100
Then the value of conversion is stores into the ADC registers (ADRESL and ADRESH) as shown in table
below.
10-bit ADC result
ADRESH ADRESL
01 01011100
ADC result is set to right justify
3.6 ADC IN C PROGRAMMING
ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) module is available with a number of PIC MCU models. Library function
Adc_Read is included to provide you comfortable work with the module.
Adc_Read(unsigned short channel)
i.e: adcresult = Adc_Read(0); //Read the 10bits of conversion value from PORTA.F0 and put into
//variable adcresult
Before using the function, be sure to configure the appropriate TRISA bits to designate the pins as input. Also,
configure the desired pin as analog input, and set Vref (voltage reference value).
repared 8y:
SlgnaLure :
name: Mohamad 8ln Md. Som
uaLe: 12 AugusL 2010
Approved by:
SlgnaLure:
name: Shamsul 8. Mohamad
uaLe: 12 AugusL 2010
Document Reference
No. RPP-05 Page. Number P a g e | 4
Document Title
LABORATORY
PRACTICUM
Edition 1
Revision No. 4
Effective Date 12/8/2010
Amendment Date 12/8/2010
4 ATTENTION
4.1 Do not move any IC or device inside the board without any order from your instructor.
5 EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE
5.1 EEPROM(Attachment Circuit 1: EEPROM and 8 LEDs)
5.1.1 Before test your source code on the PIC development board, please make sure the jumper
connection of LED1LED8 isconnected.
5.1.2 The code below is show how to WRITE the data into the EEPROM at address 10h, 11h,
12h and 13h. Then READ the data at each address to show at PORTB every 1 second.
Type the code below andtest the code on the PIC board andProteus (See Circuit 1)
5.1.3 Write your observations.
//####################################S1A81##########################
vold maln() [
18lS8 = 0b00000000, //SeL all blL aL C818 as ouLpuL
C818 = 0b00000000, //Clear all C818
LLprom_WrlLe(10, 0b01010101), //wrlLe daLa 01010101 lnLo eeprom aL address 10
LLprom_WrlLe(11, 0b10101010),
LLprom_WrlLe(12, 0b11001100),
LLprom_WrlLe(13, 0b00110011),
whlle(1) //endless loop
[
C818 = Leprom_8ead(10), //read eeprom conLenL aL address 10 and send Lo C818
uelay_ms(1000),
C818 = Leprom_8ead(11),
uelay_ms(1000),
C818 = Leprom_8ead(12),
uelay_ms(1000),
C818 = Leprom_8ead(13),
uelay_ms(1000),
}
} //end of maln funcLlon
//####################################Lnu##########################
Document Reference
No. RPP-05 Page. Number P a g e | 5
Document Title
LABORATORY
PRACTICUM
Edition 1
Revision No. 4
Effective Date 12/8/2010
Amendment Date 12/8/2010
5.1.4 Using Proteus, you can see the content of EEPROM at specific address by DebugWatch
Window.
5.1.5 Right clickand select Add
Items (By Address)
5.1.6 Then select PIC CPU EPROM
MemoryU1.
5.2 Exercise 1
Write a C program (using Loop programming = FOR or WHILE) to write the entire EEPROM
space (0x00h 0xFFh or 0 255) with data 00110011. Draw a flowchart.
5.3 Analog Digital Converter (Attachment Circuit 2: ADC and LCD)
5.3.1 Beforetest your source code on the PIC development board, please make sure the jumper
connection of LCD is connected. Also make sure the jumper pin of RA0 is connected to
Variable Resistor (VR1). The detail jumper connections are shown below:
LCD Analog Input
LCDE B1
LCDRWB2
LCDRS B3
LCDD4 B4
LCDD5 B5
LCDD6 B6
LCDD7 B7
VR1 A0
Document Reference
No. RPP-05 Page. Number P a g e | 6
Document Title
LABORATORY
PRACTICUM
Edition 1
Revision No. 4
Effective Date 12/8/2010
Amendment Date 12/8/2010
5.3.2 The code below is shows how the PIC read the input voltage at PORTA.F0 and display the
converted value in decimal to the LCD. Thevoltage reference used is Vref =5V. Type the
code below and test the code on the PIC board and Proteus (See Circuit 2)
5.3.3 Write you observations.
//####################################S1A81##########################
unslgned lnL Lemporary_res1,
unslgned lnL Lemporary_res2,
char adc_resulL[14],
vold maln(vold) [
AuCCn1 = 0x80, // Conflgure analog lnpuLs, vref(lnLernal vref +3v) and
// A/u resulL ls rlghL [usLlfled slx(6) MS8 of Au8LSP are read as '0'
18lSA = 0xll, // C81A ls lnpuL
18lS8 = 0x00, // lns C818 are ouLpuLs
C818 = 0x00,
Lcd_lnlL(&C818), //lnlLlallze LCu Lo use C818
//Conflgure LCu aL C818 , 8S, Ln, W8, u7, u6, u3, u4 wlLh pln seLLlngs
Lcd_Conflg(&C818,3,1,2,7,6,3,4),
Lcd_Cmd(Lcd_CLLA8), //Clear LCu dlsplay
Lemporary_res2 = 0,
whlle(1) [
Lemporary_res1 = Adc_8ead(0), // CeL resulLs of Au converslon from C81A.l0 ~ 8A0/An0
lf (Lemporary_res1 != Lemporary_res2)[ //lf Lemporary_res1 ls noL equal Lemporary_res2
lnL1oSLr(Lemporary_res1, adc_resulL), //ConverL lnL Lo LexL
Lcd_Cmd(Lcd_CLLA8), //Clear LCu dlsplay
Lcd_CuL(1, 1, adc_resulL), //rlnL LexL on LCu aL row 1, column 1
Lemporary_res2 = Lemporary_res1,
}
} //end whlle
} //end maln
//####################################Lnu##########################
5.4 Exercise 2
5.4.1 Base on Circuit2; Write a C program that show on LCD the voltage value of analog input.
The analog input is between 0v 5V. Use step size =
4.88mV to multiply with conversion value. In C
programming use Flout1oStr(unxlgneJ flout xx, chur
textxx) to convert the floating number to text so that it
can be shown in LCD. Click Help on MikroC for more
helps and examples. Draw aflowchart.
Document Reference
No. RPP-05 Page. Number P a g e | 7
Document Title
LABORATORY
PRACTICUM
Edition 1
Revision No. 4
Effective Date 12/8/2010
Amendment Date 12/8/2010
5.5 Exercise 3 (Attachment Circuit 2)
Figure of Digital Thermometer
Base of figure above (Digital Thermometer), there is a temperature sensor that measures a
temperature value from 0 100 C. The output from
the temperature sensor is a voltage value (0V 5V).
Write a C program to show on the LCD the
Temperature value in degree Celsius. Draw a
flowchart.
Calculation Example:
0v 0C, 2.5V 50C, 5V 100C.
Calculation Detail:
If the output voltage from sensors is 2.5V, find the ADC value and temperature value? Vref
used is +5V.
Voltage Step Size = 5V / 1024 = 4.88 mV
Use formula to calculate ADC
ADC = Vin / Step Size = 2.5V / 4.88mV = 512.295082 = 512 (1000000000)
To get back Celsius from ADC value:
From the formula:
Vin = ADC x Step Size = 512 x 4.88mV = 2.49856V
Temperature = (2.49856V / 5V) x 100C = 49.9712 C
Document Reference
No. RPP-05 Page. Number P a g e | 8
Document Title
LABORATORY
PRACTICUM
Edition 1
Revision No. 4
Effective Date 12/8/2010
Amendment Date 12/8/2010
6 REPORT PREPARATION AND SCHEMA.
(1) 2 persons for 1 report.
(2) Due date to send report is 1 weeks after lab date.
(3) Report schema following below requirements:
Lab report cover sheet for 1
st
page.
Objective, theory, equipments for the 2
nd
page. (5) ( 5 M )
Observations. (10)
1.EEPROM and LEDs observation from 5.1.3 (5 M)
2.ADC to LCD observation from 5.3.3 (5 M)
Result. (65)
1. Exercise 1 source code & Flow Chart (10 M)
2. Exercise 2 source code & Flow Chart (20 M)
3. Exercise 3 source code & Flow chart (35 M )
Discussion. (10)
1. A given memory of EEPROM has 12 address pins and 8 data pins. Find the size of EEPROM?(5 M)
2. Give two examples of devices that use Analog Digital Converter.(5 M)
Conclusions. (10)
Document Reference
No. RPP-05 Page. Number P a g e | 9
Document Title
LABORATORY
PRACTICUM
Edition 1
Revision No. 4
Effective Date 12/8/2010
Amendment Date 12/8/2010
7 CIRCUITS ATTACMENT
Circuit 1: EEPROM and 8 LED
Document Reference
No. RPP-05 Page. Number P a g e | 10
Document Title
LABORATORY
PRACTICUM
Edition 1
Revision No. 4
Effective Date 12/8/2010
Amendment Date 12/8/2010
Circuit 2: ADC and LCD