Free Energy Device

Background A typical transformer is illustrated in the figures below. During normal operation, a sinusoidal voltage is applied across the leads of the primary coil creating a sinusoidal output on the secondary coil. The two coils are wrapped around a magnetic core. As current through the primary coil changes, it creates a changing magnetic field through the core that is routed through the secondary coil. The changing magnetic field through the secondary coil creates a current in the secondary coil. All of this behavior may be derived from Maxwells electromagnetic equations. en!s law further states that the changing magnetic field through the core will create a bac" #M$ in the primary coil. %n other words, the changing current in the primary creates a changing magnetic field in the core that creates a #M$ in the primary coil that opposes the original voltage. &imilarly, the current in the secondary coil creates a magnetic field in the core that opposes the original magnetic field. These effects cannot occur simultaneously with their causes due to the finite speed of signal transmission. This paper discusses some possible implications of the finite speed of signal transmission with respect to the interaction of a coil 'or coil segment( with a magnetic core.

Primary

Secondary

Primary

Secondary

)ross*section of transformer

Basic Concept %f we add a little distance between the coils and the core as illustrated in the figure above, then the oscillating magnetic field generated by the primary is actually transmitted to the core as electromagnetic radiation 'albeit of a relatively low frequency for most transformer applications(. %n fact, any effect that the changing coil current has on the magnet core cannot be instantaneous as all signals have a maximum transmission speed of c 'speed of light(. &imilarly, the effects of the changing core magnetic field on the coil are transmitted from the core to the coil at a maximum speed of c through the medium between the coil and the core. +ow, suppose a sinusoidal voltage 'and current( is applied to the coil at frequency, f, and the distance between the coil and the core is such that the time it ta"es for any signal to go between the coil and core is equal to one*fourth of the period of the sine wave applied to the coil. This means that any round trip signal will experience a ,-. degree phase shift 'or lag due to delay( compared to a system in which the coil were tightly wound around the core. %n such a case, the #M$ imposed on the coil by the changing core magnetic field will be in phase with the coil current. %t will be a forward #M$, not a reverse #M$. %t will enhance the coil current, not retard it. Testing this concept is problematic. Most transformers dont run at frequencies above ,.. /0!. At ,.. /0!, a separation of 12. meters would be necessary. This isnt very practical. $urther, when applying an A) voltage to the coil, the voltage waveform propagates around the coil at no faster than the speed of light, so the current would not be simultaneously the same around such a huge loop of wire. Application to History %n developing a means to demonstrate a practical use of this concept, we may consider if this theory can be used to explain the operation of the Moray generator, circa ,34.. %t has been reported that Dr. T. 0. Moray would run long lengths of insulated wire in the air with one end tied to earth ground and the other end tied to a circuit that generated "ilowatts of energy without an apparent source of power. %t was also noted that Dr. Moray would have to tune his circuit. %f the long conductor were acting as the primary coil and some iron ore several miles into the earth were acting as the magnetic core, then the frequency of operation would have to be tuned to correspond to the depth of the iron ore. The frequency of operation would also be a function of the material that was above the iron ore since the speed of #M waves varies with respect to the medium of transmission. As an example, assume a large deposit of ferro*magnetic ore in the earth is used as the 5transformer magnetic core. $urther assume that the approximate distance from the surface to this deposit is ,.2 "m, so even at the speed of light '6x,.2 /m7s(, the round trip time for any signal to go to the deposit and a responding signal to return would be8 '4 x ,.2 "m( 7 '6x,.2( /m7s( 9 ,. us.

$or the returning wave to lag the original wave by ,-. degrees, the period of the original wave would have to be 4.us. &o the frequency of the original wave is 2. /0!. :e are ma"ing the following assumptions8 the material of the earths surface is transparent to these signals the ores magnetic field can oscillate at the selected frequency. The system is illustrated below.

Pwr Out

Ant.

Ore

A schematic representation of the actual system is illustrated below.

Sec.:Pri. 0.3F 11.8A

Sec.:Pri.

connects to 300m Ant.

Load

1:10

1:10

15-500pF

The ..6$ inductance is equivalent to a 6.0 inductance on the antenna side of the transformer due to how impedances transform across transformer windings.
p

9 '+p7+s(4

The ..6$ inductance is created by winding ,,A:; wire around a ferrite toroid core with the following properties8 :inding length 'l( 9 ,.cm +umber of turns '+( 9 4.. )oil radius 'r( 9 ,cm )ore relative permeability 'ur( 9 4... 9 u+4A7l The ,,.-A limit of the inductor is set by the gauge of the wire. This sets the current limit on the antenna circuit to be ,.,-A. <ther system characteristics are noted as follows8 A ,= A:; antenna 6..m in length. The *) circuit in series with the antenna will tune*in to a specific resonant frequency and force the circuit to only interact with 5cores at a specific distance away. :e will use the standard equations of magnetic fields, coils, and transformers to derive the following results.

The magnetic field in a coil of wire is given by the following equation8 > 9 '?(+%, where8 5? is the magnetic permeability of the core. The magnetic permeability of iron is about ...4. 5+ is the number of loops. <ur antenna is only a partial loop 'we are assuming these equations are applicable to partial loops(, so + is a fraction defined as follows8 + 9 6..m74@D where D is the distance to the ore deposit. And 5% is the current through the wire. The #M$ imposed on a loop of wire by a changing magnetic field is given by the equation8 A 9 *+ A d>7dt where8 5+ is the same number of loops as derived above. 5A is the cross*sectional area of the magnetic core. &ubstituting > 9 '?(+%8 A 9 *+4 A '?( d%7dt This is where it gets complicated because we see that the voltage increases with increasing current, but the current increases with increasing voltage. >ut these two elements are not simultaneous. The d%7dt is from the previous half cycle.

:e will start our calculations based upon the value of the capacitor which is the only variable that we can change in the system. $or a capacitance of ), the resonant frequency of operation is determined by8 f 9 4@ ' )(*,74 The maximum charge that is placed on the capacitor is given by the following equation8 B 9 )Amax :here ) is the capacitance and A is the applied voltage. The maximum current is approximated to be equal to the maximum charge divided by the time it ta"es to discharge the capacitor. This time is one*fourth the period of the oscillation or ,7'=f(. %max 9 )Amax'=f( %max 9 )Amax'-@ ' )(*,74( %max 9 =.23Amax),74 As previously stated, the current limit on the antenna circuit for this particular system is ,.,-A. &o8 ,.,- 9 =.23A),74 ..421 9 'A),74(max This establishes the maximum operating capacitor voltages for various values of capacitance as listed in the following table. )apacitance 'p$( ,. 2. ,.. 4.. 6.. =.. 2.. Max Aoltage -,4,1.2 6C,6=2 42,1.. ,-,,14 ,=,-61 ,4,-2. ,,,=36

The current through the antenna circuit changes from its maximum value to its minimum value '.( in the same period of time8 ,7'=f(. :e may, therefore, give the following as an approximation for the maximum value of d%7dt8 'd%7dt(max 9 )Amax'=f(4

Dsing the fixed value of inductance of 6.0, we may further derive8 'd%7dt(max 9 4,Amax The distance to the magnetic ore is also established by the frequency of operation if we assume the signals travel at approximately the speed of light or 6x,.2"m7s. D 9 6x,.27'=f( $rom this, we derive our fractional loop as follows8 + 9 ..6"m74@D +9 ..6'=f(7 '4@'6x,.2(( + 9 'C.61x,.*1(f + 9 '1.6x,.*1()*,74 The forward #M$ applied by the returning signal is8 A 9 +4 A '?( d%7dt <r8 A4 9 ''26.6x,.*,=(7)(A'...4('4,A,( :here we distinguish between the voltage applied to the capacitor on the first half cycle 'A,( and the #M$ applied to the antenna on the following half cycle 'A4(. $urther multiplying this out8 A4 9 '44.=x,.*,=(A,A7) :e "now that our capacitance is in units of p$ which has a multiplier of ,.*,4, so we can insert this multiplier and refer to our capacitance in p$ instead of $arads. A4 9 '..44=(A,A7) This equation states that the next half cycle voltage can be equal or greater to the previous half cycle voltage if the cross*sectional area of the magnetic ore 'in m4( is greater that = times the capacitance in pico*farads. &o, if the system tunes in to a buried ore deposit when the capacitor is set at E p$, the system will generate free energy as long as the cross*sectional area of the buried ore is equal to or greater than =E m4. This is very encouraging as it does not require unrealistically large deposits of ore for the system to wor". :e will now consider the effect of the load, F, on the system. The resistive load also transforms as '+p7+s(4 from the secondary to the primary circuit. This load is in series with the antenna, inductor, and capacitor. The equivalent circuit is illustrated as follows8

Antenna Vo ta!e" V# 30.0F 1.18A $

15-500pF

:e have been assuming all along that the circuit operates that the resonant frequency of the effective inductance and capacitance, so G 9 F. :e can now use F to establish %max and d%7Dt(max. F also has a maximum limit over which it will limit the ability of the capacitor to charge at a particular frequency. This F) time constant should be ,. times less than the discharge time of 'period7=(. &o, F) H 4.27f, or F H 4.27'f)( Ilugging in f 9 4@ ' )(*,748 F H 4.27'4@ ')7 (*,74( F H ..= ' 7)(,74 Assuming a fixed value of 6.0 for , yields8 F H 4.6 )*,74 &ome maximum values of F are listed in the following table. ) 'p$( ,2 2. ,.. 4.. 6.. =.. 2.. F '/J( 23= 642 46. ,C6 ,66 ,,2 ,.4

&o, for ) 9 ,..p$, we can safely have F 9 46,...J. To have %max at ,A, Amax would be 46/A. <n the first secondary circuit, this would be represented with a 46.J resistor, a 46..A voltage and a ,.A current. This results in a maximum power of 46/:. %n order to maintain the 46/A on the next cycle, the cross*sectional area of the ferro* magetic deposit would have to be =2.m4. <ther properties of the system are listed as follows8

$requency of operation 9 ,,=,C2C0! Distance to ore 9 ..C2=/m + 9 ...16

These values can be quic"ly manipulated using an #xcel spreadsheet. Test &etup and Irototype The initial prototype system will be comprised of the following elements8 ,( <cean &tate #lectronics >),==.. ,2*2.. p$ variable capacitor. Three sections can be connected together to create =2p$*,2..p$ variable capacitor. 4( % will use ferrite toroid cores 'as large as possible( to wind my own ..60 inductor and ,.8, transformers. 6( % will use a D)*D) 0A power supply to prime the capacitor with ,./A, then switch out the power supply and switch in the antenna circuit. =( &everal extension cords connected together will create the 6..m antenna. 2( 0igh wattage flood lights will comprise the initial test load. Fis"s ,( %t has been unusually difficult to purchase ferrite toroid cores larger than 6K in diameter. 4( % have no experience in transformer design. The material selection, si!e, number of turns, and operating current are all critical to optimum 'or even proper( operation, and % am counting on getting luc"y and having it Lust wor". 6( %t has been unusually difficult to procure a ,./A D) power supply. The vendors websites do not allow me to Lust purchase one over the web. % have to call. 0ow odd. =( %f the antenna has very high voltages as predicted by my calculations, % may not be able to Lust lay the insulated extension cords down on the ground. %t would be a real pain to suspend the antenna for 6.. meters. 2( %f the antenna really has such high voltages and high power, then it would create a real physical ha!ard. % have to ma"e sure no one gets hurt. C( % am assuming that the signals can propagate through the earth without being significantly attenuatedM although there appears to be enough margin to accommodate moderate levels of attenuation. 1( % am assuming the ferro*magnetic ore can oscillate at the required resonant frequencies.