Crtical Heat Flux

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University (Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering) Jl. Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281, (+62 274) 580882, http://www.tf.ugm.ac.id/

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Phanomena
the conditions at which the heat-transfer coefficient of the two-phase flow substantially deteriorates. it occurs at a sufficiently high heat flux or wall temperature. In a system in which the heat flux is independently controlled, the consequences of the CHF occurrence is the rapid rise in the wall temperature. For systems in which the wall temperature is independently controlled, the occurrence of CHF implies a rapid decrease in the heat flux.

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

DNB

CHF mechanisms

Dryout

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CHF at Low Quality

Pool boiling
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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

This pool boiling CHF provides lower heat fluxes than does flow boiling, as the critical flux of the DNB-type increases with mass flow. This CHF mechanism (DNB) can occur for both saturated and subcooled liquid conditions. The nucleate boiling regime exists at low-quality flow conditions.

Flow boiling
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For axially uniform heat flux

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Flow boiling

For axially uniform heat flux

At the high end, an equilibrium quality

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Effect of heat flux

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CHF at High Quality

At high quality flow conditions , the vapor mostly exists in the core. Both the shear action of the vapor and the local vaporization rate may lead to the liquid film being stripped from the wall.

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Effect of flux shape on critical quality

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

W-3 correlation developed by Tong

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Uniform heat flux

DNB

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

The axially nonuniform heat flux

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

In SI units the critical heat flux, for uniformly heated channels.

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Limit line

Dryout

At system pressures other than 1 000 psia

For hydraulic diameters greater than 0.60 i n

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

CHF Prediction

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Hench-Levy limit lines

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

GEXL

General Electric critical quality-boiling length (GEXL) correlation

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

General CHF Correlations

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Biasi

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Bowring correlation

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

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CISE-4 correlation
this correlation is based on the quality-boiling length concept and is restricted to BWR applications

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

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Barnett correlation
The correlation is capable of predicting both DNB and dryout CHF conditions. The rms error of the correlation is 5.9% based on 724 data points obtained in uniformly heated annuli at a pressure of 1000 psi.

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

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Comparison of critical heat flux correlations

A vertical test tube in a high pressure water boiling channel has the following characteristics

Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Using the Biasi and CISE-4 correlations, find the critical channel power for uniform heating at G = 2000 kg/m2s.

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

G > 300 kg/m2s,

D = 0.01 m, n= 0.4

Solution

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

For uniform heating

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Energy balance

CISE-4 correlation

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Rod Bundles

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the Biasi and Bowring correlations were found to overestimate the MCHFRs by more than 15% and to predict CHF to occur first in the center subchannel.
Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

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Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering Study Programs of Engineering Physics & Nuclear Engineering

Predicted (MCPR) and (MCHFR)