2011-2012

ENGLISH FOR FACULTY OF BIOLOGY

Unit

1. Greetings and Introductions 2. Understanding Grammar

JEMBER UNIVERSITY

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ENGLISH FOR FACULTY OF BIOLOGY

I. Greetings and Introductions

hose first introductions can be the most difficult thing to do and sometimes it will be the most important thing to do. People are making flash judgments every second and every move you make is being scrutinized. With the right introduction, a good personality, and some confidence, you have the power to cement your good image in their minds and create an instant bond. There are two main parts to introduce yourself to someone new. The first part is starting the conversation; going from standing around awkwardly to actual interacting with them. The second part consists of what you say and how you say it. http://www.smallfuel.com What to say in your first conversation How you start your conversation, it will depend a lot on what you want from that relationship. 1. Start with their name. Its tempting to start with your own name, but if you know their name its a really nice touch to address them by it. Once theyve been addressed, then you can throw your name into the mix. 2. Give yourself a history. If you have a mutual acquaintance, a specific reason for starting the conversation, or anything that gives credit to you, it is good to mention that early on. It lets them know you arent trying to waste their time. If you dont have any back stor y (at a business card exchange, for example), then its okay to skip this step. Also, dont speak too much on thiskeep it to one or two sentences. 3. Ask questions about them. Ask them about what they do, what they like doing, their history. Ask anything thats appropriate to your conversation. In general, people really enjoy talking about themselves, so the more you let them talk, the more theyre going to like you. One caveat to this, however; dont subject them to a rapid-fire interrogation! Ask slowly, thoughtful questions, and then give them a chance to talk for a while. A little down-time can actually be a good thing for a conversation. 4. Listen carefully, and respond. You may have noticed that the best conversationalists remember all sorts of little details about you and bring them up when the time is right. Your goal in asking questions isnt just to make them feel good about themselves, but also to learn as much about them as you can. Be a good listener, and youll remember a whole lot more of the conver sation. Once youve fully processed what they said (again, its okay to pause and think), you can respond with something thoughtful. 5. Answer their questions. Once they start asking you questions, its time to give them more information about yourself and your company. This is also when you can give them your small businesss marketing message. Be careful not to speak for too long, though, its never a good idea to entirely dominate the conversation. At this point, youll probably have been speaking for at least a few minutes and will be well on your way to building a valuable relationship. Its still good to remember some of the basics, though, especially about listening and paying attention to what they say. Good luck with your conversations, and feel free to start one in the comments section.

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Almost all conversations start with a greeting. There are several expressions that are commonly used as greeting, some of them are formal and some of them are informal. Which one to use, it depends on the situation.

ntroductions When you meet and greet someone for the first time, introductions are needed. There are a number of standard expressions that can be used for introductions. Take a look at some of them.

1. Introducing Yourself Expressions Hello, Im (... Ms. Jaines). My name is (... John Grey). Im (... George your name)? Franks. What's Responses Hello, Ms. Jaines, Im Appleton. Susan

Nice to meet you Mr. Grey, Im Mrs. Sukjoy. My name is Sopida, Sopida Hakam. Its a pleasure to meet you Mr. Franks. I'm delighted to meet you Mr.Jeffers. My name is Pornpan Orasa.

Allow me to introduce myself. My name is (... Frank Jeffers).

Other useful expressions of closing an introduction Expressions How do you do? I am pleased to meet you I am glad to meet you Its nice to meet you Read this conversation and practice it. Eva : Hello Im Eva Hawsky. Peter : Hi! My name is Peter Hellslot. But please call me Peter. Eva : nice to meet you Peter. You can call me Eva. Peter : OK. And whats your last name again? Eva : Hawsky. Peter : Are you French? Eva : Yes, I am. Are you French, too? Peter : No, I am not. Eva : What nationality are you? Peter : Im Italian. Eva : And I thought that you are doing the same thing like me, Arent you? Peter : Yes, absolutely right. I come from Italia to the United States for studying Biology. Responses

Glad to meet you Nice to meet you

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Eva Peter

: Well, I see. So do I... I got information from the website that this University is the biggest University in the USA : Yes, you are right.

2. Introducing others On occasion, you may find yourself in a situation where you have to introduce one person to another. Look at these possible expressions that are used for this. Expressions Sam: Peter, I would like to introduce (... Miss Helen Cranston). Helen: Nice to meet you too Mr. Kellogg. Bob: Min Ju, this is ( ... my friend Betty Watson). Betty: Same here Alice: Harry, let me introduce(...my supervisor, Mr.Lee). Mr. Lee: Good to meet you too. But please, call me Sammy. Responses Peter: Hello Miss Cranston, nice to meet you.

Min Ju: Hi Ms. Watson, a pleasure to meet you

Harry: Mr. Lee, its good to meet you.

Other useful expressions of opening an introduction Expressions May introduce (to) .? Let introduce (to) . Read this conversation and practice it. Alex : Hi! My name is Alex Litterman. The new Manager. William: HI! Im William OBrian. Nice to meet you Mr. Alex Litterman. Alex : William, please meet Mr. Steve Lynch, My assistant. Steve : Pleased to meet you. William: Happy to meet you, too. Steve : Oh, where are you from? William: Im from Brazil. Steve : Really? So, which part from Brazil? William: Im from Rio, what about you? Where are you from? Steve : Im from England 3. Farewells Just as there are several standard expressions for greetings, there are also expressions of farewell. The farewell itself is generally very short- one or two words. However, many times people add something to the expressions, depending on what they want to happen in the future or the situation. JEMBER UNIVERSITY 4

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ENGLISH FOR FACULTY OF BIOLOGY Responses Bye/Bye bye/ Bye now/ Catch you later I have to be going now Later dude /See you/Cheerio

Expressions Goodbye So long I have to run/ I must be off

Good day Extensions to Farewells Expressions See you again/ I hope to see you again See you (later/ soon/tonight) Call me

Responses See you/Be seeing you/ Fine/ O.K/ All right/ Fine/ O.K/ All right/Sure

4. Greetings (Well being) After the greeting finished, the conversation should be continued in some way. One of the most common ways is asking about the other people well being. Again, there are several expressions that can be used for this. The responses to such inquiries will, of course, depend on how one actually feels. Lets take a look at these. Expressions Responses IF GOOD Great/Fine/Wellthanks Couldnt be better. Fantastic/wonderful..thanks Pretty good thank you IF SO-SO Could be worse. I cant complain. Not bad IF BAD Ive had better days. Not too good. Not very well. Lousy.

How are you? Hows it going? How are things?

How are things going? How have you been? How do you feel?

How goes it? How are you doing? How's life treating you? How are you getting on? Hows everything?

5. Read this dialogue and practice it Students should work together in pairs and read the following dialogue, one student reading one part, the other student reading the other. Note the expressions used in the dialogue and the progression of the conversation. The dialogue can be used as a model to have similar conversations.

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ENGLISH FOR FACULTY OF BIOLOGY : Hello, you look lost. Can I be of assistance? : Oh, thanks. Youre right, I get lost. Im looking for Faculty of Mathematic and Science. : Youre close; you just go straight and then turn right. The building is over there in front of the Central Office of Jember University. : I see, well thanks a lot. Youve been a big help. : Excuse me for saying so, but youre not from around here, are you? Are you from Jember or what? : Actually Im from Yogyakarta. Im a new student. Youre a Javanese, I assume? : Yes, by the way Im Sam, Samuel Rizal. : Im Mary Crisindiana. Pleased to meet you. : So how long have you been in Jember, Mary? : Ive been here about three weeks now. So, whats your major Sam? : Im a Biology student. Whats yours? : Oh really? Im an Economic Accounting student. : So, do you live in the dorm? : Actually no, I live with one of my family here in Kebon Sari. Well, I have to run. Thanks for your help. Maybe well bump into each other again sometime. : Could be, its a pretty small campus. Nice to meet you, Mary. See you later. : So long.

Sam Mary Sam Mary Sam Mary Sam Mary Sam Mary Sam Mary Sam Mary Sam Mary

After reading, close your book and tell your partner a summary of the dialogue. Then switch and have your partner tell his or her summary. Start like this: This dialogue is about two people who meet... This may seem silly, since you both already know what the dialogue is about, but the purpose is to practice using your English, not to give information or test your reading skills. 6. Grammar Focus Wh-questions and statements with be Whats your name? Where are you from? Who is that? Whats her name? Where is she from? Where are you from? Who are they? What are their names? Where are they from? My name is Alex. Im from England. His name is Joe. Her name is Renee. She is from Denmark. Were from the United States. They are Williams friends. Their names are Mr. andMrs. Hellslot. They are from Australia. Contractions Subject Possessive I am = Im Pronoun Adjectives You are = Youre I My He is = Hes You Your She is = Shes We His It is = Its They Their We are = Were He His They = Theyre She Her are What is = Whats It Its

Conversation Activities 1. Pair work- Role Play The situation: Meeting new people Working with a partner, role plays the situation, using the information below The roles: See items below 1. One partner is a new student at a university meeting his/her major professor for the first time. 2. One partner has recently moved to a new neighborhood and is meeting their next door neighbor for the first time. 3. On partner is a new employee at a company meeting a coworker for the first time. 4. Both partners are strangers at a mutual friends party meeting for the first time. 2. Pair works Interview someone in the class you do not know well. After the interview is over, the interviewer could give a short introduction of the person to the whole class or to small groups of 4 to 6 people. Questions you may want to ask during the interview include: Name Where they are from JEMBER UNIVERSITY 6

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Number of people in their family His or her goal in life What their family members do Favorite kinds of music (or food, movies, etc) Job or major Hobbies Marital status Why they want to learn English

JEMBER UNIVERSITY

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ENGLISH FOR FACULTY OF BIOLOGY

II. Understanding Grammar

Simple Tenses: Present - Past - Future There are a number of tenses in English grammar. However among them, there are some basic tenses which can be developed into other tenses. They are Simple Present Tense, Simple Past Tense, and Simple Future Tense. Since they involve sentences, the structure remains following the basic rule of a sentence construction. A. Simple Present Tense To demonstrate an event that used to happen or related to Habitual Actions Functions: 1. Permanent states is talking about things that are always, generally true. - I live in Jember 2. General truth (facts) - A week has seven days - The sun rises in the east - The sun shines by day, and the moon by night 3. Routines / habits is talking about things you do regularly, all the time. - I go to school everyday - He usually eats an egg for breakfast Time Signals (Adverb of Frequency) Always : Selalu Generally : Biasanya Often : Sering Regularly : Secara tetap Seldom : Jarang Now & then : Kadang-kadang Once a week : Sekali seminggu Normally : Biasanya Usually : Biasanya Sometimes : Kadang-kadang Frequently : Sering Everyday : Setiap hari Affirmative Form (+) Subject I, You, We, They He, She, It Negative Form (-) Subject I, You, We, They He, She, It Interrogative Form (?) Do Does Subject I, You, We, They He, She, It Verb Infinitive Verb Do + not + infinitive Does + not + infinitive Verb Infinitive Infinitive s/es

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ENGLISH FOR FACULTY OF BIOLOGY

The spelling rules for He, She, and It Verb Most verbs Ends in a consonant + y Ends in ch, sh, s, x, z Do and go have Add s Change y to ies Add es Add es has Rule Examples The office opens at 8 oclock The class starts at 9 a.m The baby cries very loudly The bird flies in the sky Mr. Diawara teaches English at Language Centre She wishes to have a new car My sister goes to school everyday Rina does all her homework She has dinner at 8 p.m She has brother and sister

B. Simple Past Tense To demonstrate a past event. Functions: 1. A finished single action in the past - I got scholarship last year - The movie started at 7.30 p.m 2. A finished state in the past - Dian lived in a small town - Bima had a bad score 3. A repeated action in the past - Novi always studied English on Monday - She went to school everyday When we use the past simple, we often say the time of the action: in 1960, at 7.30, on Monday. Time Signals (Adverb of Frequency) Yesterday : Kemarin Last night : Semalam, tadi malam Last week : Minggu yang lalu A few minutes ago : Beberapa menit yang lalu Two days ago : Dua hari yang lalu A month ago : Sebulan yang lalu In 1976 : Pada tahun 1976 Affirmative Form (+) Subject I, You, We, They He, She, It Negative Form (-) Subject I, You, We, They He, She, It Interrogative Form (?) Did Subject I, You, We, They He, She, It Verb Infinitive Verb Did + not + infinitive Verb Past Tense

Past Simple: Regular and Irregular Verb 1. Regular Verbs Usually we add d / ed to the verb JEMBER UNIVERSITY 9

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The spelling rules for d / ed Verb Ends in e e.g: live Ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant e.g: stop Ends in consonant + y e.g : copy 2. Rule Add d Double the final consonant Change y to ied Examples - She lived in Jember - He stopped working at 5.30 p.m - I copied some articles

Irregular Verbs have no regular pattern Many common verbs have an irregular past form: e.g: go went have had meet met get got feel felt eat ate

C. Simple Future Tense To demonstrate future actions. Functions: 1. A future actions - He will post the letter - I shall go to Malang tomorrow 2. A future appointment - He will meet you by ten - She will help you with your homework tomorrow 3. To show a signal - Rani will give you a good dictionary if you go with him Time Signals (Adverb of Frequency) Tomorrow : besok Tonight : malam ini 1. The time signals in present continuous is also can be used in future tense e.g: next month : bulan depan 2. Temporal conjunction (kata sambung yang bersifat sementara) If : jika When / while : ketika Before : sebelum After : sesudah As soon as : segera sesudah Till / untill : hingga, sampai after all of this temporal conjunction the following sentence without shall / will Affirmative Form (+) Subject I, we You, They, He, She, It Negative Form (-) Subject I, we You, They, He, She, It Verb Will / shall + not + infinitive Will + not + infinitive Verb Will / shall + infinitive Will + infinitive

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Interrogative Form (?) Will / shall will Subject I, we You, They, He, She, It Verb Infinitive

Future intentions besides the formula above future tenses can use to be + going + to + infinitive We use to be + going + to + infinitive when we are talking about our plans or intentions - We are going to study English next summer. - Alice is not going to have a party this year. (+) Im Going to Infinitive (-) Im not (?) Am I

Exercises
A. Change these sentences into (+), (-), or (?) and check the time signals based on each tenses. 1. The architect (make) the plans of building. Present (+) . (-) . (?) . 2. I always (meet) you on the corner of this street. Present (+) . (-) . (?) . 3. They not (write) a book last year. Past (+) . (-) . (?) . 4. He (buy) a new car. Past (+) . (-) . (?) . 5. She (go) to town everyday. Present (+) . (-) . (?) . 6. He (arrive) tomorrow morning. Future (+) . (-) . (?) . 7. I (see) you the day after tomorrow. Future (+) . (-) . (?) . 8. He often (lose) his pen. Past (+) . (-) . (?) . 9. He not (believe) me. Future (+) . (-) . (?) . 10. Andi not (see) the movie last night. Past (+) . (-) . (?) . JEMBER UNIVERSITY 11

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B. In the paragraph below. The verbs in italic tell us what happened. Write the passage again. Change the verb in italics so that they tell us what will happen. What will happen? I went to my University with my friend Reg. Reg and I had our first presentation about Biology. After the presentation, the Dean gave a short speech; he spoke to the audiences about our presentation. The presentation was very successful and I think a great many people enjoyed it very much. C. There is a line under each word or group of words in the statements below. The words are not in the right order. Arrange them correctly. 1. The film I enjoyed yesterday . 2. My mother to market went .. 3. The children asked continuously questions in the class this morning ... 4. We at home stay on Sundays . 5. This morning a book I from the library borrowed D. The verbs in brackets tell us what happen. Give the correct form of each verb: What happened? My friend, Roy, (die) today. He (leave) me his record player and his collection of records. Roy (spend) a lot of money on records. He (buy) one or two new records every week. He never (go) to the cinema or to the theatre. He (stay) at home every evening and (listen) to music. He often (lend) records to his friends. Sometimes they (keep) them. He (lose) many records in this way. E. Write the Past forms of the Irregular Verbs, find the meaning, and try to make 5 sentences based on the verbs bellow. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Infinitive Cut Arise Beat Fall Feel Bring Choose Build Deal Forbid Forgive Mean Draw Fight Grow Simple past .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... Meaning .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... No 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Infinitive Meet Hide Leave Pay Put Read See Sit Swear Throw Wake Win Burn Shut Lose Simple past .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... Meaning .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........

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Unit

1. Reading Comprehension 2. Presentation

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