The English alphabet sounds

TOPIC The alphabet sounds Ordinal and cardinal numbers To be (past tense) and there + to be Pronunciation of the final
ed of the regular verbs Past of regular verbs ending in y Pronouns and adjectives Plurals Have and have got Comparative and superlative adjectives Much + comparative So as intensifier Too and either Indirect speech Conditional sentences Uses of some and any For, since, ago and from Already, still and yet Who (subject object) Past continuous tense Whether, if and unless Gerund Adjectives and adverbs Used to, be used to and get used to To be going to (past) To be supposed to Prefer and would rather Had better Its time Wish Order of the adverbs of place, mode and time Whose? Parallel comparatives Position of prepositions The use of: about, at, by, for, from, of Frequency adverbs Asas Present perfect tense Reflexive pronouns Verbs + prepositions
Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.
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Prepositions of position and order Prepositions of direction To go Frequency adverbs and expressions Rejoinders or echo questions Embedded statements Infinitive of verbs without to Say and tell Causative verbs or causative form Connectors Idioms Annexes Regular verbs Irregular verbs Phrasal verbs or two-word verbs Synonyms and antonyms Countries and nationalities Fruits, vegetables and meat Some diseases Clothing Days and months Relatives Vocabulary Structures in English Bibliography
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54 57 65 69 71 71 73 73 73 74 74 77 78
THE ALPHABET SOUNDS Sonido Comn Letra Pronunciacin a ei h eich ei j yei k kei b bi c ci d di e i i g yi p pi t ti v fvi z zi f ef l el m em e n en s es x ex i ai ai y uai u iu iu q kiu w daboliu a r ar
ORDINAL AND CARDINAL NUMBERS Number Ordinal (Order) Cardinal (Quantity) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 first (1st) second (2nd) third (3rd) fourth (4th) fifth (5th) sixth (6th) seventh (7th) eighth (8th) nineth (9th) tenth (10th) zero or ou one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
TO BE (PAST TENSE) AND THERE + TO BE Present Past Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative I am am not was wasn't You are aren't were weren't He is isn't was wasn't She is isn't was wasn't It is isn't was wasn't We are aren't were weren't You are aren't were weren't They are aren't were weren't Singular: There is: hay There isnt: no hay There was: hubo There wasnt: no hubo
Plural: There are: hay There arent: no hay There were: hubo There werent: no hubo Otros: There will be: habr There wont be: no habr There could be: podra haber There should be: debera haber There must be: debe haber
PRONUNCIATION OF THE FINAL ED OF THE REGULAR VERBS Sonido Final del Verbo Pronunciacin Ejemplos Worked k, p, s, sh, ch, f, x t Kissed Helped Needed t, d id Trusted Created Learned Otros d Loved Answered
PAST OF REGULAR VERBS ENDING IN Y Si el verbo termina en consonante + y, entonces y se cambia por i. Si el verbo termina en vocal + y, entonces y no cambia.
Examples: Verb Try Study Play Past Tense Tried Studied Played
PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun Possessive Adjective I Me My You You Your He Him His She Her Her It It Its We Us Our You You Your They Them Their Possessive Pronoun Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs
PLURALS Sustantivos terminados en ch, sh, x, o, s: Se agrega es. Examples: Match Brush Sustantivos terminados en y: - Si el sustantivo termina en vocal+y se agrega s. - Si el sustantivo termina en consonante+y se cambia y por i y se agrega es. Examples: Baby Boy babies boys matches brushes
Sustantivos terminados en f o fe: Se reemplaza la terminacin por ves. Examples: Wolf: lobo Shelf: estante Knife: cuchillo Wife: esposa Thief: ladrn Leaf: hoja Excepciones: Dwarf: enano Chief: jefe Belief: creencia Roof: techo Beef: res Cliff: precipicio Cuff: esposas Plurales irregulares: Man: hombre Woman: mujer Child: nio Person: person Foot: pie Tooth: diente Goose: ganso Mouse: ratn Louse: piojo Ox: buey Octopus: pulpo Cactus: cactus Deer: venado Sheep: oveja Fish: pez men women children people feet teeth geese mice lice oxen octopi cacti deer sheep fish dwarfs chiefs beliefs roofs beefs cliffs cuffs wolves shelves knives wives thieves leaves
HAVE AND HAVE GOT Eat and drink: I ate chicken = I had chicken I drank a coke = I had a coke Im eating lunch = Im having lunch Possession and obligation: Examples: I have a car. I have got a car. Ive got two cars. She has to work. Shes got to study. Do you have a car? Have you got a car? I dont have money. I havent got money.
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES Mas: - er More El ms: - est Most Good: bueno Better: mejor Best: el mejor Bad: malo Worse: peor Worst: el peor
Some special cases: Pretty Yellow Far Fun Handsome Clear Prettier Yellower Farther More fun Handsomer More clear
MUCH + COMPARATIVE Miguel is much older than Julian. My sister is much taller than me. Arnold is much stronger than Agudelo the thin. My father is much older than my nephew. Juan Pablo is much faster than Michael. Much A lot Far A little A bit Slightly
Mucho
Un poco
SO AS INTENSIFIER Its so hot that Im taking a shower. Im so sad that Im crying. Theyre so in love that theyre getting married. The roses are so beautiful that Im buying some. Im so tired that Im sleeping.
TOO AND EITHER Rule: Subject + auxiliary + too So + auxiliary + subject
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Examples: o o o o o o o o Rule: Subject + auxiliary + not + either Neither + auxiliary + subject Examples: o o o o o o o o The boy isnt from Brazil, the girl isnt either We cant have the interview now, neither can Mrs. White Kathy didnt write to me, Paul didnt either He wont travel by bus, neither will my family The girl isnt from Italy, neither is Jim We dont have a TV, Lucy doesnt either Henry mustnt smoke in class, neither must Ivan He hasnt got any money, we havent either He sent some postcards, Stuart did too They should stay home tonight, so should you Joseph saw me in the park, so did Helen Itll rain today, tomorrow it will too Pedro is Colombian, so is Diana She looks bad, he does too My cousins will be here next week, so will my niece Sara gets dressed in her room, I do too
INDIRECT SPEECH
Examples: Henry: I can meet them later Henry said [that] he could meet them later The doctor: Mr. Smith will improve quickly The doctor said [that] Mr. Smith would improve quickly Mr. Smith: where are you going? Mr. Smith asked me where I was going
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John: Did you mail the letter for me, Susan? John asked her if she had mailed the letter for him Margaret: Dont forget what I told you, Michael Margaret told Michael not to forget what I told you Raphael: The plane left at eight oclock, Mary Raphael told her that the plane had left at eight oclock My boss: Take a seat My boss told me to take a seat Susan: I need a vacation Susan said that she needed a vacation Sue: Where did you buy those shoes, Brenda? Sue asked Brenda where she had bought those shoes. [that]: Optional.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Examples: If they invite us, we will go to the party If they invited us, we would go to the party If they had invited us, we would have gone to the party If it rains, I cant go to play football If it rained, I couldnt go to play football If it had rained, I wouldnt have gone to play football If she saves her money, she can buy a car If she saved her money, she could buy a car If she had saved her money, she would have bought a car She will go on a vacation, if she works hard this year She would go on a vacation, if she worked hard this year She would have gone on a vacation, if she had worked hard this year Ill go shopping, if I have enough money Id go shopping, if I had enough money I wouldve gone shopping, if I had had enough money
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USES OF SOME AND ANY Some: Se utiliza en oraciones afirmativas. Any: Se utiliza en oraciones negativas e interrogativas. Nobody, no-one: Nadie Anybody, anyone: Nadie, ninguno, alguien Somebody, someone: Alguien Nothing: Nada Anything: Nada, algo, alguna cosa Something: Algo Examples: I dont have any money with me Nobody is perfect Somebody said that I have no idea I dont have any idea Anything else, Sir? We want nothing Theres no-one here We dont want anything Theres something wrong I dont know anybody Is there anyone here? I havent got any idea
FOR, SINCE, AGO AND FROM Palabra For Since Ago From Significado Uso Por Muestra la longitud del tiempo de la accin. Desde Muestra el momento en el que la accin comenz. Se refiere a un momento especfico del pasado, haciendo un recuento hacia Hace atrs desde el presente. De, desde Para indicar periodos especficos, procedencia u origen.
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Examples: She has been sick for three days I have been waiting for you for two hours She has been here for three hours We havent seen them since february She has lived here since march He has worked here since 1957 William came to this country a year ago I called you up three weeks ago They began the course two years ago I lived in Bogot from 1970 to 1975 Shes from Pereira and Im from Medellin
ALREADY, STILL AND YET Palabra Significado Uso Posicin Oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas, Already Ya Entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal. principalmente en tiempo perfecto. Oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas Antes del verbo principal y despus Still Aun, todava con una accin continua. del to be. Yet Aun, todava Oraciones negativas e interrogativas. Al final de la oracin.
Examples: John has already explained his lesson Johan is still looking for a new job I dont want to go there yet Have they already finished the test? Does your mother still live here? Arent you studying yet? Do you want already go there? They are still my friends She hasnt seen anything yet The students have already understood that theory Cindy still continues being a good student Isnt your mother in law sleeping yet? Are you still here?
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WHO (SUBJECT-OBJECT) 1. The manager is talking to the salesman. Who is talking to the salesman? The manager. Who is the manager talking to? To the salesman. 2. William studied with Joseph in 1953. Who studied with Joseph in 1953? William did. Who did William study with in 1953? With Joseph. 3. John will travel with Jack. Who will travel with Jack? John will. Who will John travel with? With Jack. 4. Betty has worked with Margaret for a long time. Who has worked with Margaret for a long time? Betty has. Who has Betty worked with for a long time? With Margaret. 5. Ben was looking at the girl when I came in. Who was looking at the girl when I came in? Ben was. Who was Ben looking at when I came in? At the girl. 6. William should see a doctor as soon as possible. Who should see a doctor as soon as possible? William should. Who should William see as soon as possible? The doctor.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Describe una accin pasada la cual estaba ocurriendo cuando otra accin tomo lugar. Structure: To be (in past) + main verb (ing) + connector + rest of the sentence (simple past or past continuous). Examples:
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I was studying last night when you called me. We were having our dinner when he arrived. I was talking to Jane while she was sweeping. John was talking a bath while his wife was sleeping. I was having lunch with Mr. Smith when his wife arrived. He was living in Switzerland while he was studying engineering. He was eating his dinner when he found a cockroach in his dish. I was writing several letters last night when the electricity was cut off.
WHETHER, IF AND UNLESS If: Si (declaracin condicional). Whether: Si, sea que, ya sea que (condiciones u opciones). Unless: A menos que. Examples: I will stay at home if it rains. Ill go whether you invite me or not. Ill go to your house unless you care. Ill go if you invite me. He asked me if I had money. I have to pay the rent whether I have money or not. I have to work whether I want or not. On the anniversary we can sing or play. On the anniversary we dont know whether to sing or to play. I dont know whether to sing or to play. Ill go to your house unless my mother feels sick. Ill go to your house if you dont care. Ill go to the movie unless I dont have money. Youll lose a year if you dont study hard. Youll lose a year unless you study hard. Id like to know whether he left any message for me. I wont be able to go unless I get the money. He would come if he had an invitation.
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GERUND 1. After following verbs:
2. After following prepositions:
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3. After following expressions:
4. Gerund of verbs:
El verbo debe terminar en consonante-vocal-consonante (verbos monoslabos). El verbo debe tener el acento en la ltima slaba (verbos bislabos).
Se cambia ie por y Examples: He enjoys studying english. I finished reading the lesson. He needs more practice in speaking english. I am interested in learning. That movie is worth seeing. Theres no use calling him at this hour. I was swimming in the river. You were lying to me when I asked you for the truth. Following verbs are followed by gerund too: Verb Advise Anticipate Complete Delay Discuss Dislike
Example She advises waiting until tomorrow I anticipate having a good time on vacation I finally completed writing my term paper He delayed leaving for school They discussed opening a new business I dislike driving long distances 18
Verb Forget Cant help Keep Mention Postpone Quit Recall Recollect Recommend Remember Resent Resist Suggest Understand
Example Ill never forget visiting Napoleons tomb I cant help worrying about it I keep hoping he will come She mentioned going to a movie Lets postpone leaving until tomorrow He quit trying to solve the problem I dont recall meeting him before I dont recollect meeting him before She recommended seeing the show I can remember meeting him when I was a child I resent her interfering in my business I couldnt resist eating the dessert She suggested going to a movie I dont understand his leaving school
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Adjetivo: Modifica el sustantivo. Adverbio: Modifica el verbo y se forma adicionando la terminacin "ly" al adjetivo. Las excepciones son: Fast, hard, late, low and well. Examples: He is a very careful driver. He always drives carefully. She is a good student. She lives well. She always speaks softly to the child. This is an easy exercise.
USED TO, BE USED TO AND GET USED TO Used to: Acostumbraba, sola. Used to + verb (simple from) Be used to: Estar acostumbrado a.
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Get used to: acostumbrarse a.
Examples: He used to play tennis when he was young. They are used to this cold weather. Im getting used to this weather. I didnt use to cry when I was a baby. She was used to living by herself. She will get used to reading a lot of books in college. I used to write poems at midnight. We were used to working on weekends. Do you think you will get used to this kind of job? She used to bite the nails when she was nervous. We werent used to living like this. Did you already get use to driving at night?
TO BE GOING TO (PAST) Se usa para indicar una accin que se plane pero la cual no sucedi. Examples: I intended to do it yesterday, but I was too busy. I was going to do it yesterday, but I was too busy. We planned to go by car, but finally we decided to go by plane. We were going to go by car, but finally we decided to go by plane. He planed to return last week, but he couldnt. He was going to return last week, but he couldnt.
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TO BE SUPPOSED TO Expresa obligacin o expectativa: Se supone que, dicen que, deber, tener que. Examples: Theyre supposed to leave the money with you. The plane is supposed to arrive at 8:15. Arthur is supposed to eat spiders. You are not supposed to smoke in this room. You were supposed to clean the window. They were not supposed to come here until 3:30. On which line am I supposed to write my name.
PREFER AND WOULD RATHER 1. Para expresar lo que se prefiere en general:
Examples: I dont like cities, I prefer to live in the country. I dont like cities, I prefer living in the country. Tom prefers to drive rather than travel by plane. Tom prefers driving to traveling by train. 2. Para expresar lo que se prefiere en una situacin en particular:
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Examples: Id prefer coffee, please. Id prefer to go by car. Id rather have tea, please. Wed prefer to spend the summer at home rather than travel to the desert. Id rather see a good movie than go to the opera.
HAD BETTER Se utiliza para sealar lo que se debera hacer o es aconsejable hacer. Este es seguido por un verbo en forma simple. Structure: Had better (not) do something. Examples: Youd better come back later. Youd better not mention this to anyone. Theyd better save little money. Shed better not see him. Hed better prepare his homework more carefully. Hed better not drive so fast in the future.
ITS TIME Se usa para expresar crtica, queja o lo que alguien debera hacer. Structures: Its time (for someone) to do something. Its time someone did something. Its high/about time someone did something (hace ms fuerte la crtica). Examples: Its time to go home. Its time for us to go home.
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Its time we went home. Its time the children were in bed. Its high time you realized that you arent the most important person in the world. Its about time Jack went to see the doctor.
WISH Se utiliza para indicar una situacin que no es real o que es contraria a los hechos. Structures: Present: wish + past tense Past: wish + past perfect Examples: I wish I had a car. I wish I had gone to the movies with you last night. John wishes he was a civil engineer. I wish I had studied Latin instead of Greek. I wish I could help you but I cant. I wish I had not spent so much money yesterday. I wish you lived nearer me. I wish it were possible for me to help you.
ORDER OF THE ADVERB OF PLACE, MODE AND TIME
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WHOSE? Whose books are those? Those books on the chair are hers. Whose bag is this? This is the Peters bag. Whose glasses are those? Those are the Jennys glasses.
PARALLEL COMPARATIVES Mientras ella ms se rea, l ms furioso se pona. The more she laughed, the more furious he got. Mientras ms rpido llegues, mejor. The sooner you arrive, the better. Mientras menos tareas hagas, menos entenders el tema. The less homework you do, the less youll understand the topic. Mientras ms ejercicio hagas, mejor lucirs. The more exercise you get, the better you will look. Mientras ms viejo es el carro, mas problemas tendr. The older the car is, the more problems it will have. Mientras ms fumes, peor te sentirs. The more you smoke, the worse youre going to feel.
POSITION OF PREPOSITIONS About, of, in, for, to, by, at, from: These prepositions are put at the end of the sentence. What are they talking about? What are you thinking of? What country was he born in? What kinds of car are you looking for? Whom does this book belong to?
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Who was the book written by? Which magazine do you want to look at? Where are you from?
THE USE OF: ABOUT, AT, BY, FOR, FROM, OF
Sorry + for + doing + something
Different + from + someone / something
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Examples: Theyre excited about their trip to Rome next June. I feel sorry for Jack; hes so lonely these days. Are you good at golf? That house is different from the one I was looking for. Cezanne is famous for his landscapes. I was amazed at his stamina. I must admit I was shocked by her behavior at the party. Shes rather worried about her sons studies. Im just hopeless at playing the guitar. Shes furious about her sons grades in school. They were surprised at/by their good fortune. Im upset about my health. She was annoyed with Tom for ignoring their agreement.
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FREQUENCY ADVERBS Los adverbios de frecuencia siempre van entre el sustantivo y el verbo. Always Almost always Frequently Often Usually Sometimes Occasionally Rarely Seldom Hardly ever Almost never Never Examples: Im always read the newspaper at home on Sundays. Tom seldom eats toast for breakfast. The children often are very noisy. I sometimes write with a pencil. Do you usually study the lessons at night? Does he generally prepare his lessons? I never go for a walk on Sunday. siempre casi siempre frecuentemente a menudo usualmente, generalmente algunas veces ocasionalmente raramente rara vez casi nunca casi nunca nunca
ASAS Im not as tall as you. My salary isnt as high as your salary. Jack isnt as young as I am. The station isnt as near as the post office. The written examination wasnt as easy a s the oral one. A Rolls-Royce is more expensive than a Mercedes Benz, then a Mercedes Benz isnt as expensive as a Roll-Royce.
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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE El presente perfecto describe una accin que pas en un tiempo indefinido en el pasado o que se repiti varias veces en el pasado. Nunca se menciona un tiempo exacto de la accin. Tambin puede describir una accin que comenz en el pasado y que ha continuado hasta el presente. Structure: Have + verb in p.p. Examples: I have read that story. I have read that story several times. He has gone to Chicago. She has lived here for two years. How long have they been married? They have been married for a long time. They never have been married. I have slept all day. I havent eaten anything. Have you ever traveled by plain? I have been in Philadelphia many times. We have learnt many new words in this course. I have studied with him for six months. John has worked hard all his life. Mr. Johnson has had little experience in teaching english. What has he told her about it?
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS Se usan para referirse al sujeto de la oracin o para dar nfasis a alguna persona o cosa mencionada en la oracin. Con la palabra by, significa alone o without help. I You He She It We You They
Myself Yourself Himself Herself Itself Ourselves Yourselves Themselves Oneself 28
Examples: The man shot himself. She burned herself. He himself will do the work. She lives by herself. He built this house by himself.
VERBS + PREPOSITIONS Agree with Apologize for Apologize to Argue with Believe in Belong to Care about Chat with Comment on Complain about/of Concentrate on Consist in Consist of Deal with Depend on Dream of/about Emigrate to Fall in love with Focus on Get in touch with estar de acuerdo con disculparse por disculparse con discutir con creer en pertenecer a preocuparse por charlar con hacer comentarios sobre quejarse de concentrarse en consistir en constar o componer de tratar con depender de soar con emigrar a enamorarse de enfocar, fijar en ponerse en contacto con Insist on insistir en, empearse en Laugh at reirse de Listen to escuchar a Look at mirar, considerar Operate on operar e intervenir a Pay for pagar por Refer to consultar, hacer referencia a Rely on depender de Smile at sonreirle a Suffer from sufrir de Supply with abastecer o proveer de Take part in participar en Talk about hablar de Talk to hablar con Think about pensar acerca de Think of pensar en Traslate from/into traducir de/a Wait for esperar, aguardar Work on trabajar en Worry about/over inquietarse o preocuparse por
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PREPOSITIONS OF POSITION AND ORDER Above Across Against Along Among Around Behind Below Beneath Between In In front of In the middle of Inside Near to Next to On Onto Opposite Over Under Underneath Upside down Upside down Within por encima de al otro lado de contra, en contra de por, en entre alrededor detrs de bajo, debajo de bajo, debajo de entre en, dentro de en frente de en el medio de dentro de cerca de al lado de sobre, encima de, en a, en enfrente de, frente a encima de bajo, debajo de bajo, debajo de al revs, patas arriba en lo alto de dentro de
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PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION Across Along Away Down From Into Onto Out of Over Round Though To Towards Up a travs de, de un lado a otro de a lo largo de lejos, alejndose hacia abajo de, desde a, hacia a, en fuera de al otro lado de alrededor de a travs de hacia hacia hacia
TO GO Go: Go to: Go to school. Go to class Go to college. Go to bed. Go to town. Go to work. Got to mass. Go to hell. Go to jail. Go to church. Go to heaven. Go home. Go downtown. Go downstairs. Go upstairs.
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Go to the: The rest of the expressions.
FREQUENCY ADVERBS AND EXPRESSIONS Adverbs: - Subject + adverb + rest of the sentence. - Subject + to be + adverb + rest of the sentence. - Subject + to have + adverb + p.p. + rest of the sentence. I never drink alcohol. Ive never eaten fish. Shes always late. How often do you drink milk? I almost never go to bed after midnight. I rarely wake up early to run. I usually turn my cellphone off at night. Expressions:
I have breakfast with eggs once in a while
REJOINDERS OR ECHO QUESTIONS Muestra inters o sorpresa. a) I dont like pizza. b) You dont? a) I have three wives. b) You do?
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a) I was in Miami this morning. b) You were? a) Ive got a BMW in my garage. b) You have? a) Id like a shot of whiskey. b) You would?
EMBEDDED STATEMENTS Can you tell me where my teacher is? Can you tell me what time it is? Do you know where Rose works? Do you remember if she practices tennis? Im not sure where my watch is.
INFINITIVE OF VERBS WITHOUT TO
Please, let me go. She helps us study english. I made them practice all afternoon. Please, have her come in. Sense verbs: I watch them play every day. She heard him walk upstairs. They saw Sue dance on the table. We smelled something burn in the kitchen. I watch them playing every day. She heard him walking upstairs.
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Recreational verbs: Go + fishing, shopping, dancing, Hunting, swimming I go fishing every weekend.
SAY AND TELL Tell: se usa cuando una persona dice algo a otra. Say: se usa cuando alguien dice algo. Examples: He said he was sick. He told us he was sick. He said, Im sick. Exceptions: Tell: with lies, the truth, stories, jokes, fortunes, secrets, time , the time. He tells lies all day. Say: with textual words. He said to us, I'm sick.
CAUSATIVE VERBS OR CAUSATIVE FORM Active causatives: Poner a alguien a hacer algo. Subject + make + somebody + do + something. Subject + have + somebody + do + something. Subject + get + somebody + to do + something. Examples: I made my brother carry my suitcase. Mrs. Lee made her son clean his room. She made him clean his room.
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I had my brother carry my suitcase. Sad movies make me cry. I had the plumber repair the leak. Jane had the waiter bring her some tea. I had him repair the leak. I get my brother to carry my suitcase. The students got the teachers to dismiss class early. Jack got his friends to play soccer with him after school. I have the mechanic repair my car. You have your son shine your shoes. Make: se usa para dar la idea que alguien no tuvo opcin o fue forzado a hacer algo. Have: se usa para indicar que a alguien se le pidi hacer algo. Get: se usa para indicar que alguien fue persuadido a hacer algo. Passive causatives: Mandar a hacer algo. Subject + have + something + done. Subject + get + something + done. Examples: I had my watch repaired. I have my car repaired. I got my watch repaired. Ill have my car repaired. Im having my car repaired.
CONNECTORS
Connector Across Againts Ahead of Albeit Almost Along with Also Although Among As for
Meaning a travs de contra frente a, delante aunque casi junto con tambin aunque entre en cuanto a
Connector In spite of Inasmuch as Indeed Inside Instead of Likewise Meanwhile Moreover Nevertheless Nonetheless
Meaning a pesar de ya que en verdad, en efecto dentro de en vez de as mismo mientras tanto adems sin embargo sin embargo, no obstante
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Connector As if As though As well As well as As yet At the same time Because Because of, due to Behind Beside Besides Both...and But By the way Close to Despite During Even Even if Even so Far from Furthermore Hence However In addition In addition to In fact In order to In regard to In short
Meaning como si como si tambin al igual que hasta ahora al mismo tiempo porque debido a detrs de cerca de adems (de) tanto...como pero, sino, solamente a propsito cerca de a pesar de durante inclusive aun cuando aun cuando, no obstante lejos de adems de ah, por consiguiente sin embargo adems adems de en efecto, de hecho con el fin de en relacin con en conclusin
Connector Not with-standing Nowadays Often On the contrary On the other hand Otherwise Outside Over Owing to Regardless Since So So far So that Such as That's the reason why That's why Therefore Though Through Thus Till Toward Unless Up to Whereas Whether While Within
Meaning no obstante hoy en da a menudo, con frecuencia por el contrario por otra parte de otro modo fuera de sobre, durante debido a no obstante, a pesar de puesto que, dado que as (que) hasta ahora as que tal(es) como es por esa razn que es por eso que por eso, por lo tanto aunque a travs de as hasta hacia a menos que hasta mientras si, sea que, ya sea que mientras que dentro de
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IDIOMS Whats the matter?: qu pasa?, cul es el problema? What was the matter with Helen last night? She was very quiet. Whats the matter with William? He looks very sad. Ann looks angry. Whats the matter with her? Whats the matter with my oven? It burned my bread. Give up: dejar, renunciar. My mother gave up smoking last year. He tries very hard to learn english, he doesnt give up. Why did you give running? it was very good for you. The doctor told him to give up drinking coffee and tea. John finally gave up after trying to find his dog for three days. By heart: de memoria. I have read that poem so many times that I know it by heart. An actor must learn his role by heart. Its a good idea to learn your social security number by heart. Make fun of: burlarse de. I thought my new hat was beautiful, but my husband made fun of it. Why did you make fun of Bills southern accent? That wasnt very nice of you. Robert makes fun of modern art because he doesnt understand it. The comedian made fun of the presidents foreign policy on television last night. You should never make fun of another persons religion. Brush up on: repasar. He usually brushes up on grammar on the weekends because he doesnt have much time during the week. Will you help me brush up on idioms next week? I brushed up on my English while I was in U.S. on vacation. Im going to France next year. Ill have to brush up on my french before I go.
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Take after: parecerse a. NOTA: take after generalmente se usa para referirse a los padres o a los abuelos. She takes after her mother in both appearance and personality. Paul doesnt take after anyone in the family. When he was young, he took after his mother but now he looks more like his father. Frank takes after his grandfather; theyre both very good musicians. I look like my father, I take after him. Be out of shape: estar fuera de forma, estar en mala condicin fsica. Mary didnt play well because she is out of shape. My brother should exercise more, he is out of shape. You are out of shape, you need to eat less and walk more. After his long illness, George was out of shape. The doctor told him he was out of shape. Every other: de por medio. She works in her uncles shop every other Monday. I dont wash my hair every day, I wash it every other day. Would rather: preferir. Shed rather have tea, she doesnt like coffee. Id rather not play tennis, its hot. Theyd rather eat at home than go to a restaurant. Get together: reunirse. The whole family got together at Bobs birthday party last week. He gets together with his friends every weekend. will you get together with Steven next week? Lets get together for lunch tomorrow. Look forward to: anhelar. I dont look forward to going to the dentist. Im looking forward to my vacation. Hes looking forward to his graduation. Im looking forward to seeing you. I always look forward to receiving letters from my friends.
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Have got: tener. How much money has he got? Shes got a lot of problems. Would you lend me a pen? Im sorry but I havent got one. He cant eat lunch today because he hasnt got the time. He has got a house, but he doesnt have much furniture. They have got a very nice apartment. Be broke: estar en quiebra, sin dinero. He doesnt have any Money, Hes broke. We cant go to the movies because were broke. I stayed at home last weekend because I was broke. Why were you broke last week? Did you pay a lot of bills? The Willsons had to sell their car in order to pay their bills. They are broke. Right away: ahora mismo, inmediatamente. Im hungry, lets eat right away. Please type that letter right away. He wants you call him right away, its very important. If you burn your hand, you should put it in cold water right away. Make sense: tener sentido. Thats a very good idea, it makes sense. I didnt understand that book, it doesnt make sense. I cant understand why Lisa is unhappy, it doesnt make sense. I liked the presidents speech, it made sense. Had better: deber, debera. You are sick; youd better not go to work today. If we dont want to miss the beginning of the concert, wed better hurry. If you want to pass the test, youd better study. Id better write a letter to my mother, I havent written to her for a long time. Be up to: es la decisin de, depende de. We cant help Joe; its up to him to stop drinking so much. Im the only one in my family who can cook; its up to me to make dinner.
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Elizabeth drove, so it was up to her to decide what time we left. I have to ask my boss if I can leave early, its up to him. Its up to the Jury to decide if hes innocent or guilty. Foot the bill: pagar. Jane got married last year and her father footed the bill. Harry always foots the bill when we go to a restaurant. Jim invited his friends to the restaurant but he didnt foot the bill. The taxpayers foot the bill for public education in the united states. Go dutch: miti-miti, fifty-fifty. We each paid our own check at the nightclub, we went dutch. Did you go dutch or did your friend pay for the tickets? John and Mary usually go dutch because neither of them has much money. On second thought: pensndolo bien. On second thought, we decided to take the bus instead of the train. Bill agreed to the plan on second thought. I was going to go to the party but, on second thought, I decided to stay home. She changed her opinion on second thought. Dress up: vestirse elegantemente. He always dresses up for work. We dressed up and went dancing last saturday night. He never dresses up; he likes to wear blue jeans. Ed feels uncomfortable in a suit, he never dresses up. Pam dressed up for the party; she wore a long pink dress and a lot of jewelry. Make up (ones) mind: decider. He made up his mind last night. Hes going to ask Peggy to marry him. Peggy cant make up her mind. Maybe shell marry him, and maybe she wont. Don and Joann havent decided what to have for dinner. They havent made up their minds. We cant make up our minds. We might stay here, or we might move to Boston. You should make up your mind about that stereo if you dont want to buy it, Ill sell it to someone else.
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Used to: sola. Jim worked in a factory four years ago, but now he work in a department store. He used to work in a factory. Carol was married, but now shes divorced. She used to be married. He used to be fat, but now hes very thin. I used to cut my hair myself, but now go to the barber. Quite a few: mucho. There were quite a few men at the party, but not very many women. I saw quite a few interesting paintings at the exhibition. There were quite a few people at the zoo yesterday. Make friends: hacer o conseguir nuevos amigos. Barbara makes friends every where she goes. Shes very nice. Frank made a lot of friends when he was in college. Its easy for Walter to make friends. Everyone likes him. The children quickly made friends with the new boy and began to play. Keep: continuar. He will continue to work there until he finds a better job. He will keep working there. She continues to make the same mistakes. She keeps making the same mistakes. The children continued to play after their mother asked them to go to bed. They kept playing. He didnt stop running when the police officer shouted at him. He ke pt running. How about: que tal. How about going to a movie this evening? Im tired. How about you? How about another cup of coffee? How about scrambled eggs for breakfast? I thought that book was very interesting. How about you? As well: tambin. Thomas Jefferson was an architect, philosopher and president of the United States as well. Tim wanted to go as well, but there wasnt room for him in the car.
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Come up with: salir o resultar con algo. Susan came up with a good plan at the meeting yesterday. I worked on that math problem for an hour, but I didnt come up with the answer. Cheryl and Greg havent come up with a name for the baby yet. They cant find one they both like. Think over: Pensarlo mejor. Paul thought it over and decided to move to California. Well think over your idea and will give you our decision tomorrow. When they offered the job to Linda, she told them she had to think it over. Call off: cancelar. The school called off all classes because of the terrible weather last week. It was raining, but they didnt call the race off. The union called off the strike when the company offered the workers more benefits. They called the wedding off because they decided not to get married. Make ends meet: sobrevivir. They made ends meet last year by working very hard. She doesnt earn very much. How can she make ends meet? Jack couldnt make ends meet, so his parents lent him some money to pay his rent. Do without: sacrificar. She does without a car very easily. She takes the bus. They did without a vacation last year in order to save money. I have done without new shoes for a long time now. We can do without a television. Its not necessary. Cut down on: reducir, minimizar. How does he save money? He cuts down on. I have cut down on smoking and I feel a lot of better. If he doesnt cut down on drinking, he will become an alcoholic. If you want to lose weight, you will have to cut down on eating fried foods and desserts. In the long run: a la larga. In the long run, you will be healthier if you exercise regularly.
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Although our team lost several games, they played very well in the long run. In the long run, its better to study a little every day than to wait until just before the exam. Sleep on: consultarlo con la almohada. It was a difficult decision, so I slept on it. Ill sleep on this tonight and give you my decision tomorrow. When Adam asked Eve to marry him, she told him she had to sleep on it. Give (someone) a hand: ayudar. Mary needs help. Lets give her a hand. Bob moved last week and I gave him a hand. You look tired. Ill give you a hand with the dishes. Were going to paint the kitchen on saturday. Would you like to give us a hand? No wonder: con razn. No wonder hes always late for work. He doesnt have an alarm clock. Alice has five children. No wonder shes always busy. No wonder you didnt pass the test. You didnt study. You ate a whole box of chocolates. No wonder you dont feel good. Get rid of: deshacerse de. Joes old car broke down, so he got rid of it. Have you gotten rid of those old magazines yet? She always gets rid of things she doesnt need. John sold his bicycle to Tom. He didnt want to get rid of it, but he needed the money. Try on: probarse (ropa). I tried on that coat, but I didnt buy it. Carol bought the wrong size dress because she didnt try it on. That shirt looks too big for you. Did you try it on before you bought it? I tried on five pairs of shoes before I found some that fit me. Theres a dressing room in the corner of the store where you can try on those pants. Take (ones) time: tomarse el tiempo necesario. He eats very slowly, he takes his time. She makes a lot of mistakes because she doesnt take her time. We spent all afternoon at the museum. We took our time and looked at everything.
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My car was in the garage for a week. That mechanic really took his time fixing it. I like to take my time when I go shopping. I dont like to hurry. Get along with: llevrsela bien con. He likes his job and he gets along with his boss. She moved because she and her roommate didnt get along. I dont visit my cousin very often because I dont get along with her. Do (ones) best: hacer el mejor esfuerzo. We do our best to arrive on time every day. They did their best, but they didnt win the game. Hes very intelligent, but he doesnt do his best in school. I did my best, but still Im not a very good cook. The students did their best to answer the questions correctly. Lose (ones) temper(s): enojarse. He never loses his temper. Hes a very calm son. Please dont lose your temper. Im only joking. Mrs. Green lost her temper when the dogs ruined her garden. My sister lost her temper and shouted at the children. The two drivers lost their tempers after the accident and began to fight. See eye to eye: entenderse. Lucy and Fred decided not to get married because they didnt see eye to eye on many things. My mother and I almost always agree. She sees eye to eye with me. John and Mary are a perfect couple. They see eye to eye on everything. Richard and Paul see eye to eye on polities. They are both members of the democratic party. Make up: reconciliarse. Did you make up with your friends after your arguments on saturday night? He often argues with his brother, but he always makes up with him. After all: despus de todo. Lets go to a movie. After all, its Saturday night. All of a sudden: sorpresivamente. All of a sudden a little girl ran in front of the truck.
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At this point: a estas alturas, en este momento. At this point, Ive saved five hundred dollars for my vacation. Be about to: estar a punto de. The baby was about to fall down the stairs when I caught her. Be better off: estar en una mejor situacin. Ill be better off when I move into my new apartment. Be in charge of: estar a cargo de, ser responsable por. Mrs. Barrer is in charge of the familys finances. Be out of: estar sin algo con lo que normalmente se ha contado. I cant make sandwiches because were out of bread. Be to blame: ser culpable de. George is to blame for his poor grades. He never studies. Be touch and go: incierto. It was touch and go, but the plane landed safely. Be up and about: estar recuperado (despus de una enfermedad). Carol has been very sick. It will be a long time before shes up and about. By the way: a propsito. The meeting will be next Tuesday. By the way, Mr. Hughes will be there. Catch up: ponerse a la par, alcanzar. I missed two weeks of class. Ill have to work hard to catch up. Do something over: hacer algo nuevamente, repetir. The doctor couldnt believe the result of the blood test, so he did it over to be sure.
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Drop off: dejar, descargar. Ill drop off your shoes at the repair shop tomorrow. Fall behind: atrasarse. The child fell behind in learning to read, so the teacher gave him extra help. Fall in love: enamorarse. Joe fell in love with Karen soon after he met her. Find fault with: criticar. Whenever he goes to a restaurant, Mr. Higgins finds fault with the food and service. From now on: en el futuro. I promise to write you a letter every week from now on. Get away with: salirse con la suya. They never found the bank robber. He got away with his crime. Get in touch with: contactarse con. You can get in touch with me by telephone. Have on: llevar puesto. Al felt strange because he had on a suit and the others had on jeans. Hold up: atracar. Several men held up the passengers on the train. In advance: de antemano. I made my appointment with the doctor two weeks in advance. In time: suficiente tiempo para. I like to get up in time to take a shower before I leave for school.
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Keep an eye on: cuidar. Kathy asked her roommate to keep eye on the cake in the oven while she took a bath. Keep (someone) company: acompaar. Please come in the kitchen and keep me company while I cook dinner. Let go of: soltar. Mark let go of the books and they fell to the floor. Let (someone) down: defraudar. My cousin let me down when he didnt come to my wedding. Let (someone) know: informar. If you let me know what time your train will arrive, Ill meet you at the station. Not to mention: no pasar por alto. I like to read biographies and mysteries, not to mention science fiction. On purpose: con intencin. The Crawfords were very angry when they learned that the neighbors son had hit their cat on purpose. Out of (ones) way: estar en otra direccin. I drove twenty miles out of my way to take Helen home. Quite a bit of: mucho. Weve prepared quite a bit of food for our guests. Run into: encontrarse casualmente con. I ran into an old friend in the train this morning.
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Show up: aparecer. The reporters were disappointment when the movie star didnt show up for the interview. Take advantage of: aprovechar. We should take advantage of the sale and buy furniture now. Take place: ocurrir. American presidential elections always take place in November. Tell apart: diferenciar. Dan and his brother sound so much alike that I cant tell their voices apart. The black market: el mercado negro. You can go to the bank to cash dollars, but if you cash money on the black market, you often get more money for each dollar. Feel blue: sentirse triste. I was alone on my birthday and feeling blue, then Anny called and invited me out and I felt better. The green light: luz verde, va libre, permiso. The bank has given us the Money, now we have the green light to star the project. Green with envy: verde de la envidia. I was green with envy when I learned that Luis had won a trip to Europe. In black and white: claro y entendible. I couldnt believe it, but there it was in black and white, as clear as it could be. The letter said that I had won a trip to Europe. In the black: tener dinero. Theo earns a thousand dollars a week; he doesnt have to worry about having enough money. Hes always in the black.
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In the red: en saldo rojo, sin dinero. I never have enough money to pay my bills. Im always in the red. Out of the blue: sorpresivamente. The news of the factorys closing came out of the blue. No one was expecting it. The red carpet: el tapete rojo, honores especiales. When the movie star visited, our town rolled out the red carpet. There was a parade and a special dinner in her honor. Red tape: papeleo. Every time you want to get a new passport, you have to go through a lot of red tape. Its not easy and it takes a lot of time. A white lie: mentira piadosa. I didnt feel like going out. So I told a white lie, and I said I didnt feel well. The apple of (ones) eye: la nia de los ojos. The baby is the apple of her grandfathers eye. He thinks that shes wonderful. Baloney: pura paja. His speech about the importance of helping the poor is baloney. He wouldnt even give his best friend a dime. Cream someone: apabullar, arrasar. Our basketball team really creamed its opponent. Our team won by a score of 120 to 60. Fishy: oler mal (asunto). On our return home, we found the front door open, and we suspected that something fishy was going on. Go bananas: enojarse. She went bananas when she heard she hadnt won first prize in the talent contest.
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In a pickle: en problemas. Bill was in a pickle. After filling his car with gas, he could not find the money to pay. A lemon: aperente, chiviado, copia, replica. The new tape player I bought was a lemon, and Im going to ta ke it back to the store for a new one. Nuts: loco. Tony must be nuts to pay over a hundred dollars for a shirt. A peach: un encanto de persona. When I was sick last week, Susan visited me and bought groceries for me. Shes a peach. A piece of cake: pan comido, muy fcil. The math test was a piece of cake for Erik. He is very good at doing math problems. At first sight: a primer vista. I dont know what to think about the new boss at first sight she seems okay, but I may change my mind later. Forty winks: pestaadita, siesta muy corta. I some times take forty winks on Saturday afternoon, so that I can continue working around the house afterward. In seventh heaven: dichoso, muy feliz. Maxwell was in seventh heaven when he learned he had gotten the job. Of two minds: indeciso. Betty was of two minds about her future: should she study to be a teacher or an actress? On cloud nine: dichoso, muy feliz. Juanita was on cloud nine when she graduated from college at the top of her class.
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To put two and two together: atar cabos. We saw our neighbors putting suitcases into their car. So we put two and two together and concluded that they were going away on a trip. Second nature: habilidad innata. Learning to golf is second nature to some people. They can hit the ball well with no problem the very first time. Second to none: el mejor. The food in that restaurant is second to none. You really get the best meals there. Six of one, half a dozen of the other: ser indiferente, no tener mucha importancia. We can either stay home or go to the movie. I dont care. For me its six of one, half a dozen of the other. Sixth sense: sexto sentido. Lisa has a sixth sense for directions. She always knows which road to take to get where she wants to go. A big mouth: bocn, hablador. My brother has such a big mouth. He told everything I said to our mother. To cost an arm and a leg: costar un ojo de la cara. Everything in that fancy department store costs an arm and a leg. I cant afford to buy anything there, not even a pencil. To have a sweet tooth: gustar mucho del dulce. I know you have a sweet tooth, so I bought you a box of chocolates. Head over heels in love: tragado, muy enamorado. Pam and Tony are head over heels in love, theyre planning to get married.
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A long face: una cara larga. Because Judy didnt get an invitation to the party, shes walked around with a long face since yesterday. Nosey: entrometido. Every time I go out, I notice my nosey neighbors watching me. They must know everything about me. A pain in the neck: un dolor de cabeza, molesto. Waiting for the bus on the cold and windy corner is a pain in the neck. To pull (someones) leg: bromear. Tomorrow is not a holiday. Dont believe Rich, hes just pulling your leg. To shake a leg: apresurarse. Shake a leg! We have to be at school in twenty minutes. A Jack of all trades: todero. Louise can fix TVs, paints house and build shelves, shes a Jack of all trades. To keep up with the joneses: imitar (por envidia). Kate and Ken just bought the same car as Mavis and Mick, the same drapes as Dinah and Dick, the same chihuahua as Antonio and Antonia. Theyre really keeping up with the joneses. A man/girl Friday: supernumerario. Griselda wants to get some work experience and she likes to do a lot of different thinks. So shes gotten a job as a girl friday at the local TV studio. A man/woman of means: adinerado. My cousin has a business that makes a large profit every year. Hes a man of means. The real McCoy: original. The large diamond in her ring isnt an imitation, its the real McCoy.
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To run in the family: correr por las venas. Omar and his sister are both very thin. Being skinny must run in the family. A smart aleck: engreido. Alexandra is such a smart aleck. She a lways thinks shes right about everything and always makes you think that youre wrong. Tom, Dick or Harry: fulano. The boss was very careful about whom he hired for the job, and he interviewed several people. He didnt just hire any Tom, Dick or Harry. A wise guy: engreido. Dont be such a wise guy and act as if you know it all. Other people wont like you.
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REGULAR VERBS Verb Abandon Abolish Absolve Absorb Abuse Accede Accelerate Accent Accept Accuse Accustom Achieve Acquire Act Add Address Admire Admit Adore Adorn Advance Advertise Advise Affirm Afford Agree Allow Amount Amuse Meaning Abandonar Abolir Absolver Absorber Injuriar Acceder Acelerar Acentuar Aceptar Acusar Acostumbrar Llevar a cabo Adquirir Actuar Sumar, adicionar Dirigir Admirar Admitir Adorar Adornar Avanzar Anunciar Aconsejar Afirmar Darse el lujo de Estar de acuerdo Permitir Ascender (cantidad) Divertir Verb Die Dip Discourage Discover Dislike Disturb Divide Drag Drop Drown Dry Dust Earn Elect Employ Enclose Encourage End Enjoy Enter Erase Establish Esteem Evoke Evolve Exchange Expect Explain Explode Meaning Morir Hundir Desanimar Descubrir Desaprobar Perturbar Dividir Arrastrar Dejar caer Ahogar Secar Sacudir Ganar ($), devengar Elegir Emplear Incluir Animar Terminar Emplear Entrar Borrar Establecer Estimar Evocar Desarrollar Cambiar Esperar Explicar Explotar, estallar Verb Need Neglect Note Notice Number Obey Oblige Occupy Offer Open Order Organize Pack Paint Pass Permit Place Plan Play Please Point Possess Practice Prefer Prepare Present Pretend Print Produce Meaning Necesitar Descuidar Notar Notar, darse cuenta de Numerar Obedecer Obligar Ocupar Ofrecer Abrir Ordenar Organizar Empaquetar Pintar Pasar Permitir Colocar Planear Jugar Agradar Sealar Poseer Practicar Preferir Preparar Presentar Fingir Imprimir Producir 54
Meaning Anunciar Molestar Contestar, Answer responder Apologize Excusar Appear Aparecer Appoint Nombrar Appreciate Apreciar Approach Acercarse Approve Aprobar Arreglar, Arrange organizar Arrive Llegar Preguntar, Ask solicitar Assure Asegurar Astonish Asombrar Attach Adjuntar, agregar Attack Atacar Attempt Intentar Attend Asistir Attract Atraer Avoid Evitar Bathe Baarse Beg Rogar, implorar Believe Creer Belong Pertenecer Blame Culpar Book Reservar, inscribir Boom Prosperar Call Llamar Carry Llevar Cash Cobrar Cease Cesar Challenge Desafiar Change Cambiar Comprobar, Check revisar
Verb Announce Annoy
Verb Expose Express Extract Fail Fear Fetch Fill Finish Fire Fish Fit Fix Float Fold Follow Found Gain Gamble Gather Govern Grant Greet Guard Guess Handle Hang Happen Hatch Hate Heat Help Hire Hope Hunt
Meaning Exponer Expresar Extraer Fallar Temer Ir por Llenar Acabar, terminar Incendiar Pescar Ajustar Fijar, reparar Flotar Doblar Seguir Fundar Ganar Jugar Recoger, juntar Gobernar Conceder Saludar Guardar Adivinar Manejar, manipular Colgar, ahorcar Suceder Empollar Odiar Calentar Ayudar Alquilar Esperar Cazar
Verb Promise Propose Pull Punish Push Quell Rain Rapair Reach Receive Refer Refuse
Meaning Prometer Proponer Tirar de Castigar Empujar Reprimir Llover Reparar Alcanzar Recibir Referir Rehusar
Regret Arrepentirse Relieve Aliviar Remain Permanecer Remember Recordar Remind Recordar Remove Quitar, remover Rent Arrendar Repeat Repetir Repent Arrepentirse Reply Replicar Report Informar Request Suplicar, requerir Require Requerir Rest Descansar Return Volver Ripen Madurar Roar Rugir Rule Dirigir Rush Precipitarse Sail Navegar Save Ahorrar Seem Parecer
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Verb Claim Clean Clear Climb Close Collect Comb Combine Command Commit Compare Complain Compose Conceal Consider Consist Contain Continue Cook Copy Correct Cough Count Cover Crash Create Cross Crown Cry Damage Dance Dawn Deceive Decide Declare Defend
Meaning Reclamar Limpiar Aclarar Trepar Cerrar Recoger Peinar Combinar Mandar Cometer Comparar Quejarse Componer Ocultar Considerar Consistir Contener Continuar Cocinar Copiar Corregir Toser Contar Cubrir Chocar, estrellar Crear Cruzar Coronar Llorar Daar Bailar Amanecer Engaar Decidir Declarar Defender
Verb Hurry Imagine Imply Import Impress Improve Include Increase Induct Inquire Intend Invent Invite Iron Join Joke Jump Justify Kick Kill Kiss Knock Land Last Laugh Lie Like Listen Live Load Look Love Lower Mail Maintain Marry
Meaning Apresurar Imaginar Implicar Importar Impresionar Mejorar Incluir Aumentar Inducir Averiguar Pretender, proponer Inventar Invitar Planchar Unir, ingresar Bromear Saltar Justificar Patear Asesinar Besar Golpear Aterrizar Durar Reir Mentir Gustar Escuchar Vivir Cargar Mirar Amar Bajar Enviar por correo Mantener Casarse
Verb Sharpen Shout Sign Smile Smoke Sound Stain Start Stop Study Succeed Suffer Suggest Suppose Surprice Survive Talk Tame Taste Test Thank Tie Tire Touch Translate Travel Trouble Trust Try Tumble Turn Unite Use Vary Visit Wait
Meaning Afilar Gritar Firmar Sonreir Fumar Sonar Manchar, teir Empezar, comenzar Parar Estudiar Triunfar Sufrir Sugerir Suponer Sorprender Sobrevivir Hablar Domesticar Probar, gustar Probar, ensayar Agradecer Atar, amarrar Cansar Tocar Traducir Viajar Molestar Confiar Intentar Caer, voltear Girar Unir Usar Variar Visitar Esperar 56
Verb Deliver Deny Desire Despise Destroy Detach Develop Devote Devour
Meaning Entregar Negar Desear Despreciar Destruir Separar Desarrollar Dedicar Devorar
Verb Mature Measure Mend Mention Mind Miss Mop Move Name
Meaning Madurar Medir Componer Mencionar Importar Extraar Trapear Mover Nombrar
Verb Walk Want Wash Watch Weigh Wish Work Worry Wound
Meaning Andar, caminar Querer Lavar Vigilar, observar Pesar Desear Trabajar Preocuparse Herir
IRREGULAR VERBS Present Abide Arise Awake Be Bear Beat Become Befall Beget Begin Behold Bend Bereave Beseech Beset Bespeak Bestride Bet Betake Bethink Bid Bide Bind Past Abode Arose Awoke Was/Were Bore Beat Became Befell Begot Began Beheld Bent Bereft Besought Beset Bespoke Bestrode Bet Betook Bethought Bid/bade Bode Bound Past Participle Abode Arisen Awoken Been Born Beaten Become Befallen Begotten Begun Beheld Bent Bereft Besought Beset Bespoken Bestridden Bet Betaken Bethought Bid/bidden Bided Bound Meaning Soportar, aguantar Surgir Despertar Ser, estar Llevar, soportar Golpear, vencer Llegar a ser, convertir Acontecer, suceder Engendrar Empezar, comenzar Contemplar Doblar Privar Implorar, suplicar Acosar Encargar, predecir Montarse con una pierna a cada lado Apostar Recurrir, acudir Recapacitar, hacer memoria Declarar, rogar Sufrir, aguantar Atar, ligar, obligar 57
Present Bite Bleed Blend Bless Blow Break Breed Bring Broadcast Build Burn Burst Buy Can Cast Catch Chide Choose Cleave Cling Clothe Come Cost Cramp Creep Crop Crow Cut Dare Deal Dig Dive Do Draw Dream Drink Drive
Past Bit Bled Blent Blest Blew Broke Bred Brought Broadcast Built Burnt Burst Bought Could Cast Caught Chid Chose Clove/Cleft Clung Clad Came Cost Crampt Crept Cropt Crew Cut Durst/Dared Dealt Dug Dove Did Drew Dreamt Drank Drove
Past Participle Bitten Bled Blent Blest Blown Broken Bred Brought Broadcast Built Burnt Burst Bought Cast Caught Chidden Chosen Cloven/Cleft Clung Clad Come Cost Crampt Crept Cropt Crowed Cut Dared Dealt Dug Dived Done Drawn Dreamt Drunk Driven
Meaning Morder Sangrar, desangrar Mezclar, combinar Bendecir, alabar Soplar Quebrar Criar Traer, Llevar Transmitir, difundir Construir Quemar Reventar, pinchar Comprar poder Fundir, verter Coger, agarrar Regaar, reprender Escoger Partir, tajar Agarrar, aferrar Vestir, Cubrir Llegar, venir Costar, valer Sujetar Deslizarse, arrastrarse Segar Cacarear, Alardear Cortar Atrever, osar Repartir, negociar Excavar Sumergir, bucear Hacer Dibujar Soar Beber, tomar Conducir, manejar 58
Present Dwell Eat Fall Feed Feel Fight Find Flee Fling Fly Forbear Forbid Forecast Forego Foreknow Foresay Foresee Foretell Forget Forgive Forgo Forsake Forswear Freeze Gainsay Get Gild Gird Give Go Grave Grind Hamstring Hang Have Hear Heave
Past Dwelt Ate Fell Fed Felt Fought Found Fled Flung Flew Forbore Forbade Forecast Forewent Foreknew Foresaid Foresaw Foretold Forgot Forgave Forwent Forsook Forswore Froze Gainsaid Got Gilt Girt Gave Went Graved Ground Hamstrung Hung Had Heard Hove
Past Participle Dwelt Eaten Fallen Fed Felt Fought Found Fled Flung Flown Forborne Forbidden Forecast Foregone Foreknown Foresaid Foreseen Foretold Forgotten Forgiven Forgone Forsaken Forsworn Frozen Gainsaid Gotten Gilt Girt Given Gone Graven Ground Hamstrung Hung Had Heard Hove
Meaning Morar, habitar Comer Caer Alimentar Sentir Pelear, luchar Encontrar Escapar, huir, fugar Tirar, lanzar Volar Abstener Prohibir Pronosticar Preceder Prever Predecir Prever Predecir, Pronosticar Olvidar Perdonar Renunciar, sacrificar Renunciar, abandonar Abjurar Congelar Negar, contradecir Conseguir Dorar Ceir, rodear Dar Ir Esculpir, grabar Crecer, cultivar Paralizar, incapacitar Colgar Tener Oir Empujar, levantar 59
Present Hew Hide Hit Hold Hurt Inlay Input Keep Kneel Knit Know Lay Lead Lean Leap Learn Leave Lend Let Lie Light Load Lose Make May Mean Meet Melt Misdeal Misgive Mislay Mislead Misread Misspell Misspend Mistake Misunderstand
Past Hewed Hid Hit Held Hurt Inlaid Input Kept Knelt Knit Knew Laid Led Leant Leapt Learnt Left Lent Let Lay Lit Loaded Lost Made Might Meant Met Melted Misdealt Misgave Mislaid Misled Misread Misspelt Misspent Mistook Misunderstood
Past Participle Hewn Hidden Hit Held Hurt Inlaid Input Kept Knelt Knit Known Laid Led Leant Leapt Learnt Left Lent Let Lain Lit Laden/Loaded Lost Made Meant Met Molten Misdealt Misgiven Mislaid Misled Misread Misspelt Misspent Mistaken Misunderstood
Meaning Talar Esconder, ocultar Golpear, chocar Retener Doler, herir, lastimar Incrustar Entrar, Introducir Guardar, Mantener Arrodillar Tejer Saber, conocer Poner, colocar Guiar, dirigir Inclinar, apoyar Saltar, brincar Aprender Dejar, partir Prestar Permitir Mentir, tender, yacer Iluminar Cargar Perder Hacer, fabricar Poder Significar Encontrar, conocer Fundir Repartir mal (naipes) Llenar de dudas Extraviar, perder Despistar, engaar Malinterpretar, leer mal Escribir mal Malgastar, desperdiciar Equivocar, entender mal Entender mal 60
Present Mow Must Offset Ought to Outbid Outdo Outgrow Outride Outrun Outshine Outspeak Outstand Overbear Overcast Overcome Overdo Overdraw Overfeed Overhang Overhear Overlay Overlie Override Overrun Oversee Oversleep Overtake Overthrow Partake Pay Prove Put Quit Read Rebuild Recast Relay
Past Mowed Offset Ought to Outbid Outdid Outgrew Outrode Outran Outshone Outspoke Outstood Overbore Overcast Overcame Overdid Overdrew Overfed Overhung Overheard Overlaid Overlay Overrode Overran Oversaw Overslept Overtook Overthrew Partook Paid Proved Put Quit Read Rebuilt Recast Relaid
Past Participle Mown Offset Outbid Outdone Outgrown Outriden Outrun Outshone Outspoken Outstood Overborne Overcast Overcome Overdone Overdrawn Overfed Overhung Overheard Overlaid Overlain Overridden Overrun Overseen Overslept Overtaken Overthrown Partaken Paid Proven Put Quit Read Rebuilt Recast Relaid
Meaning Segar, cortar Deber Compensar Deber, ser conveniente Pujar Sobrepasar, exceder Ser viejo para Ganar la delantera a caballo Pasar, correr ms que Eclipsar Hablar claro Sobresalir, destacar Oprimir, agobiar Nublar, oscurecer Vencer, dominar, superar Exagerar, exceder Exagerar en el dibujo Sobrealimentar Sobresalir Oir por casualidad Cubrir Yacer, estar pobre Invalidar, anular Invadir, rebasar, exceder Supervisar, inspeccionar Quedar dormido Adelantar, Rebasar Derribar, derrocar Participar Pagar Demostrar, probar Poner, colocar Parar, dejar de Leer Reconstruir Refundir Retransmitir 61
Present Remake Rend Repay Reset Rewind Rid Ride Ring Rise Rive Rot Run Saw Say See Seek Sell Send Set Sew Shake Shall Shave Shear Shed Shine Shrive Shoe Shoot Show Shred Shrink Shut Sing Sink Sit Slay
Past Remade Rent Repaid Reset Rewound Rid Rode Rang Rose Rived Rotten Ran Sawed Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed Shook Should Shaved Sheared Shed Shone Shrove Shod Shot Showed Shred Shrank Shut Sang Sank Sat Slew
Past Participle Remade Rent Repaid Reset Rewound Rid Ridden Rung Risen Riven Rotten Run Sawn Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Set Sewn Shaken Shaven Shorn Shed Shone Shriven Shod Shot Shown Shred Shrunk Shut Sung Sunk Sat Slain
Meaning Hacer una nueva versin de Desgarrar Reembolsar, Devolver Reiniciar Rebobinar Deshacer Montar, cabalgar Sonar, repicar Subir, ascender Rajar Podrirse Correr Aserrar Decir Ver Buscar, solicitar Vender Enviar Fijar, poner Coser Agitar, sacudir Deber Afeitar, rapar Trasquilar, esquilar Mudar, deshacer Brillar Confesar Herrar Disparar Mostrar Hacer trizas Encoger, reducir Cerrar, prohibir Cantar Hundir Sentarse Matar, asesinar 62
Present Sleep Slide Sling Slink Slit Smell Smite Sneak Sow Speak Speed Spell Spend Spill Spin Spit Split Spoil Spread Spring Stand Stave Steal Stick Sting Stink Strew Stride Strike String Strive Sublet Swear Sweat Sweep Swell Swim
Past Slept Slid Slung Slunk Slit Smelt Smote Snuck Sowed Spoke Sped Spelt Spent Spilt Spun Spat Split Spoilt Spread Sprang Stood Stove Stole Stuck Stang Stank/Stunk Strewed Strode Struck Strung Strove Sublet Swore Sweat Swept Swelled Swam
Past Participle Slept Slid Slung Slunk Slit Smelt Smitten Snuck Sown Spoken Sped Spelt Spent Spilt Spun Spat Split Spoilt Spread Sprung Stood Stove Stolen Stuck Stung Stunk Strewn Stridden/Strid Struck Strung Striven Sublet Sworn Sweat Swept Swollen Swum
Meaning Dormir Resbalar Tirar, lanzar Escabullirse Cortar, rajar Oler, olfatear Golpear Sacar, mover sigilosamente Sembrar Hablar Acelerar Deletrear Gastar Derramar, verter Hacer girar, hilar Escupir Dividir, agrietar Mimar, estropear Extender, difundir, distribuir Saltar Parar, levantar Desfondar, destrozar Robar Pegar, clavar Picar, punzar Heder, apestar Esparcir, sembrar Andar a zancadas Golpear, atacar Ensartar, enhebrar Esforzar, procurar Subarrendar Jurar Sudar Barrer Inflar, hinchar Nadar, flotar 63
Present Swing Take Teach Tear Tell Think Thrive Throw Thurst Tread Unbend Unbind Underbid Underdo Undergo Underlie Understand Undertake Underwrite Undo Undraw Unswear Unwind Uphold Upset Wake Waylay Wear Weave Wed Weep Wet Will Win Wind Withdraw Withhold
Past Swung Took Tought Tore Told Thought Throve Threw Thurst Trod Unbent Unbound Underbid Underdid Underwent Underlay Understood Undertook Underwrote Undid Undrew Unswore Unwound Upheld Upset Woke Waylaid Wore Wove Wed Wept Wet Would Won Wound Withdrew Withheld
Past Participle Swung Taken Tought Torn Told Thought Thriven Thrown Thurst Trodden/Trod Unbent Unbound Underbid Underdone Undergone Underlain Understood Undertaken Underwritten Undone Undrawn Unworn Unwound Upheld Upset Woken Waylaid Worn Woven Wed Wept Wet Won Wound Withdrawn Withheld
Meaning Mecer, columpiar Coger, agarrar, tomar, llevar Ensear Rasgar Narrar, contar Pensar, creer Prosperar Lanzar Empujar, embestir Pisar, pisotear Enderezar Desatar, desamarrar Rebajar (precios, costos) Medio asar Sufrir, padecer Subyacer Entender Emprender, comprometer Asegurar, avalar, suscribir Deshacer, anular Abrir, lanzar hacia fuera Abjurar, retractar Desenrollar Sostener, apoyar, retener Trastornar Despertar Atacar por sorpresa Usar (ropa), gastar Tejer, trenzar Casarse con Llorar, sollozar Mojar, humedecer Querer, mandar, ordenar Ganar Girar, envolver, enrollar Retirar Retener, ocultar, negar 64
Present Withstand Wring Write
Past Withstood Wrung Wrote
Past Participle Withstood Wrung Written
Meaning Resistir, soportar Torcer, retorcer, escurrir Escribir
PHRASAL VERBS OR TWO-WORD VERBS

VERB Add up Add up to Answer back Answer for Ask about Ask after Ask back Ask down Ask for Ask in Ask out Ask up Ask up to Back away Back out Back up Be about Be away Be back Be for Be in Be off Be on Be out Be over Be up Bend down Bend over Blow away Blow down Blow off Blow on Blow out Blow up Break away Break down Gabriel Jaime Gmez M. MEANING totalizar alcanzar un total Contestar de mala manera responder por preguntar por preguntar por la salud invitar a volver invitar a bajar pedir o preguntar por invitar a entrar invitar a salir invitar a subir pedir hasta (precio) retroceder volver atrs reforzar estar por (lugar) estar fuera estar de vuelta estar a favor de estar en casa irse, estar apagado estar encendido estar fuera estar acabado estar levantado agacharse inclinarse llevarse (el viento) derrumbarse por el viento dejar salir (vapor) encender (fuego) apagar (fuego) volar o hacer estallar soltarse averiarse, derribar VERB Hang about Hang back Hang behind Hang from Hang off Hang up Hold back Hold on Hold out Hurry along Hurry away Hurry off Hurry up Jump about Jump at Jump down Jump in Jump on Jump over Keep away Keep back Keep down Keep off Keep on Keep up Knock about Knock at Knock down Knock out Leave off Leave out Leave up Lie down Look after Look at Look behind MEANING vagar retraerse quedarse atrs colgar de colgar (telfono) colgar (cuadro) detener continuar resistir darse prisa irse rpidamente irse rpidamente darse prisa, apresurarse dar saltos atacar bajar de un salto entrar de un salto subir de un salto saltar por encima de mantenerse alejado mantenerse separado controlar abstenerse continuar mantenerse de pie, resistir golpear ac y all tocar la puerta derribar dejar fuera de combate parar, detenerse omitir, excluir levantar reclinar cuidar mirar mirar atrs
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VERB Break in Break into Break off Break out Break through Break up Bring about Bring along Bring back Bring down Bring in Bring out Bring up Brush off Burn away Burn down Burn out Burn up Buy for Buy over Buy up Call at Call away Call back Call down Call for Call in Call off Call on Call out Call over Call up Carry along Carry off Carry on Carry out Cheer up Clear away Clear off Clear out Clear up Close down Close up Come about come across Come along Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.
MEANING irrumpir, interrumpir entrar por la fuerza romper una relacin estallar (guerra) abrirse paso por terminar, disolver acarrear traer consigo devolver derribar, rebajar hacer entrar hacer salir, publicar criar, educar quitar el polvo Consumirse (fuego) derrumbarse por fuego Consumirse (fuego) Consumirse (fuego) comprar por o para sobornar acaparar hacer escala seguir llamando llamar para que regrese llamar para que baje exigir llamar para que entre cancelar visitar gritar pasar lista, enumerar llamar por telfono persuadir llevarse a la fuerza continuar llevar a cabo hacer feliz dispersar(se) marcharse marcharse aclararse (clima, misterio) cerrar acercarse suceder encontrarse con acompaar
VERB Look down Look for Look forward to Look in Look like Look out Look over Look round Look up Make up Mess up Mix up Move along Move away Move down Move in Move off Move on Move out Move up Pass away Pass by Pass in Pass on Pay for Pay in Pay off Pay up Pick out Pick up Point at Point away Point down Point out Point to Point up Pull away Pull down Pull off Pull out Pull up Put away Put back Put down Put in Put off
MEANING mirar abajo buscar anhelar mirar dentro parecer, parecerse a mirar fuera examinar, revisar mirar alrededor mirar arriba, buscar inventar, maquillar(se), reconciliarse desordenar confundir pasar, no detenerse alejarse bajar mudarse marcharse no detenerse, pasar a otro asunto mudarse Moverse de sitio fallecer pasar por (sitio) entrar pasar de mano en mano pagar depositar ($) liquidar, pagar pagar una deuda seleccionar recoger, levantar sealar sealar a lo lejos sealar abajo destacar(se) sealar sealar arriba arrancar derribar arrancar sacar detener un vehculo poner a un lado poner en su sitio dejar, bajar (algo) meter, instalar posponer
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VERB Come at Come away Come down Come for Come from Come in Come into Come off Come on Come out Come over Come to Come up Come up to Come up with Commite suicide Count in Count on Count up Count up to Cry for Cry out Cry over Cry to Cut down Cut in Cut off Cut out Cut through Cut up Die away Die down Die out Do up Do without Draw away Draw back Draw down Draw in Draw of Draw on Draw out Draw up Drive away Drive back Drive by
MEANING embestir desprenderse bajar venir por venir desde entrar entrar en desprenderse vamos! salir ir (lugar) volver en s subir acercarse a pensar en suicidarse incluir contar con calcular contar hasta pedir llorando llorar a gritos lamentarse llamar a gritos reducir gastos, talar interrumpir cortar, amputar recortar, omitir acortar por un atajo trinchar, triturar cesar poco a poco apaciguarse extinguirse abrochar carecer de alejarse retroceder bajar economizar, encoger(se) apartarse aproximarse, retirar fondos sacar, redactar detenerse, parar (vehculo) ahuyentar, alejarse en un vehculo rechazar pasar en carro
VERB Put on Put out Put up Put up with Run about Run across Run down Run in Run off Run out Run out of Run over Run up See about See off See to Send along Send down Send for Send off Send round Send up Set about Set down Set off Set off Show off Shut in Shut up Sit down Sit for Sit up Speak for Speak to Speak up Stand by Stand off Stand out Stand up Stay at Stay away from Stay by Stay in Stay out Step across Step down
MEANING ponerse (ropa) sacar, apagar (cigarrillo) subir (algo), alojarse tolerar correr de un lado para otro encontrarse con, atravesar corriendo pararse (reloj), enfermar entrar corriendo escapar corriendo salir corriendo carecer de, no tener atropellar subir corriendo indagar despedir a alguien encargarse de despachar bajar (algo) enviar por despachar, despedir (trabajadores) circular subir (algo) ponerse a trabajar asentarse, colocar hacer sonar o estallar partir de viaje alardear encerrar callarse sentarse presentarse (a un examen) incorporarse, sentarse erguido hablar a favor de hablar con hablar en voz alta quedarse cerca mantenerse alejado destacar, sobresalir ponerse de pie, levantarse hospedarse evitar permanecer al lado de quedarse en casa quedarse fuera de casa atravesar bajar
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VERB Drive in Drive off Drive out Eat away Eat into Eat up Fall asleep Fall down Fall off Fall over Fight off Fight on Fight up Figure out Fill in Fill up Find out Fix up Flunk out of Fly about Fly at Fly away Fly down Fly off Get about Get along Get along with Get at Get away Get back Get back from Get better Get down Get in Get into Get lost Get off Get on Get out Get over Get through Get through with Get to Get up Get worst Give away
MEANING entrar en carro, introducir ahuyentar, alejarse en un vehculo salir sin carro, expulsar erosionar roer devorar dormirse caerse disminuir, desprenderse tropezar ahuyentar, alejarse en un vehculo seguir luchando luchar valerosamente encontrar respuesta a llenar, diligenciar (documento) llenar, rellenar averiguar arreglar (un asunto) faltar a volar de un lado a otro atacar huir volando descender desprenderse ir de un lado a otro progresar llevrsela bien con dar a entender escaparse volver, recuperar regresar de recuperarse descender subir (vehculo pequeo) entrar en perderse baja (vehiculo grande) subir (vehculo grande) bajar (vehculo pequeo) recuperarse de abrirse camino terminar llegar a levantarse empeorar(se) repartir, denunciar
VERB Step in Step out Step up Step up to Stop by Stop in Stop up Switch off Switch on Take after Take apart Take apart Take aside Take away Take back Take down Take for Take in Take off Take on Take out Take out on Take over Take over from Take to Take turn Take up Take up to Take up with Take upon Talk about Talk of Talk over Talk to Tear away Tear off Tear up Think over Throw away Throw back Throw down Throw in Throw off Throw out Throw up Try on
MEANING entrar salir subir acercarse a alguien quedarse al lado de quedarse en casa tapar (botella) apagar encender parecerse a (padres o abuelos) participar desmontar llevar a un lado llevarse, quitar readmitir, devolver bajar algo tomar por alojar, engaar quitarse (ropa), despegar encargarse de extraer, sacar desquitarse con apoderarse de relevar, sustituir llevar a alternar subir algo aceptar (una oferta) empezar a salir con encargarse de hablar acerca de hablar de discutir hablar con quitar rasgando separar rasgando hacer pedazos rasgando reflexionar, considerar desechar, descartar devolver tirar hacia abajo tirar hacia adentro echar fuera arrojar tirar hacia arriba probar(se) (ropa)
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VERB Give back Give off Give out Give up Go about Go across Go along Go at Go away Go by Go down Go in/into Go off Go on Go out Go over Go through Go up Go up to Go without Hand over
MEANING devolver despedir (humo, olor) agotarse, repartir dejar, abandonar ir de un lado a otro atravesar ir a lo largo atacar marcharse pasar por bajar entrar explotar, marcharse continuar salir llegar, venir (lugar) penetrar, sufrir subir acercarse a pasarla sin, prescindir de entregar, ceder
VERB Turn away Turn back Turn down Turn into Turn off Turn on Turn out Turn over Turn up Wait on Wake up Walk about Walk along Walk away Walk down Walk in Walk off Walk up Work out Work under Write down
MEANING mirar a otro lado darse la vuelta poner boca abajo convertirse desconectar, apagar, cerrar una llave conectar, encender, abrir una llave apagar volcar, poner boca abajo llegar atender despertar(se) andar de ac para all andar por alejarse andando bajar entrar marcharse subir calcular trabajar bajo las rdenes de anotar
SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS SYNONIMS boring, dull friend, folks, pal, buddy hurry, rush handsome, good-looking expensive, dear cruel, mean thin, slim tough, harsh elegant, smart angry, mad, cross luggage, baggage stupid, dumb generous, bountiful, bounteous plump, chubby big, large 69
Aburrido Amigo Apuro, apurar Bien parecido Costoso Cruel, malo Delgado Duro, severo Elegante Enojado Equipaje Estpido Generoso Gordo Grande
SYNONIMS Hacer fila Inteligente Mal educado Ordenado, arreglado Pantalones Precioso, maravilloso Puesto de diarios Regresar Rico Simptico, amable Suave Vacaciones Viaje queve, line smart, clever rude, impolite tidy, neat pants, trousers beautiful, lovely, pretty bookstall, newsstand get back, come back rich, wealthy nice, pleasant soft, mild vacation, holiday trip, journey
ANTONYMS Aburrido / interesante Blando / duro Borracho / sobrio Callado / hablador Cuidadoso / descuidado Dulce / amargo Educado / descorts Enfermo / saludable Fuerte / dbil Honesto / deshonesto Inteligente / estpido Mojado / seco Perezoso / activo Suelto / apretado Tacao / generoso Tmido / extrovertido til / intil Valiente / cobarde Vivo / muerto boring / interesting soft / hard drunk / sober quiet / talkative careful / careless sweet / bitter polite / impolite sick / healthy strong / weak useful / useless smart / dumb wet / dry lazy / active loose / tight stingy / generous shy / outgoing helpful / helpless brave / coward alive / dead
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COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES Country Nationality Country Argentina Argentine Italy Australia Australian Japan Austria Austrian Korea Bolivia Bolivian Lebanon Brazil Brazilian Malaysia Canada Canadian Mexico Chile Chilean Morocco China Chinese New Zeland Colombia Colombian Peru Costa Rica Costa rican Poland Ecuador Ecuadorian Russia Egypt Egyptian Singapore England English Spain France French Switzerland Germany German Thailand Greece Greek The Philippines Hungary Hungarian The United Kingdom India Indian The United States Indonesia Indonesian Turkey Ireland Irish Uruguay Nationality Italian Japanese Korean Lebanese Malaysian Mexican Moroccan New zelander Peruvian Polish Russian Singaporean Spanish Swiss Thai Filipino British American Turkish Uruguayan
FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND MEAT
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SOME DISEASES Arthritis Bronchitis Cough Diabetes Diarrhea Flu Gastritis Headache Heart attack Hepatitis artritis bronquitis tos diabetes diarrea gripa gastritis dolor de cabeza infarto hepatitis Hiccups High blood pressure Leukemia Sore throat Stiff neck Stomachache The mumps Tonsilitis Toothache Ulcer hipo presin alta leucemia dolor de garganta mico dolor de estmago paperas amigdalitis dolor de muela lcera
CLOTHING Bathing suit vestido de bao Belt correa Blouse blusa Boots botas Bra brasier, sostn Coat abrigo Dress vestido Gloves guantes Handkerchief pauelo Hat sombrero High heel shoes zapatos de tacn alto Jacket chaqueta Jeans jeans Low heel shoes zapatos de tacn bajo Nightgown Panties Pants Sandals Scarf Shirt Sneakers Socks Sweater Tank top Tie Trousers T-shirt Underpants camisn pantis pantalones sandalias bufanda camisa tenis medias suter camisilla corbata pantaln camiseta calzoncillos
DAYS AND MONTHS DA DAY Lunes Monday Martes Tuesday Mircoles Wednesday Jueves Thursday Viernes Friday Sbado Saturday
MES Enero Febrero Marzo Abril Mayo Junio
MONTH January February March April May June 73
DA Domingo
DAY Sunday
MES Julio Agosto Septiembre Octubre Noviembre Diciembre
MONTH July August September October November December
RELATIVES PARIENTE RELATIVE Abuela Grandmother Abuelo Grandfather Cuada Sister-in-law Cuado Brother-in-law Gemelo Identical twin Hemanastra Stepsister Hermana Sister Hermana media Half-sister Hermanastro Stepbrother Hermano Brother Hermano medio Half-brother Hija Daughter Hijastra Stepdaughter Hijastro Stepson Hijo Son Madrastra Stepmother Madre Mother PARIENTE Mellizo Nieta Nieto Novia Novio Nuera Padrastro Padre Prima Primo Sobrina Sobrino Suegra Suegro Tia Tio Yerno RELATIVE Twin Granddaughter Grandson Girlfriend Boyfriend Daughter-in-law Stepfather Father Cousin Cousin Niece Nephew Mother-in-law Father-in-law Aunt Uncle Son-in-law
VOCABULARY
WORD A play A play writer A question of money A raid A third Gabriel Jaime Gmez M. MEANING obra de teatro dramaturgo cuestin de dinero aventn un tercio WORD In case In opening In-laws Jacks Key holder MEANING por si acaso inauguracin suegros catpiz llavero
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WORD Accounts payable Accounts recenable Act up Ad As a loan Ask for it Ask for permission Ask somebody out At random At the latest Be afraid of Be after Be behind Be of two minds Be scared of Be sore Bedside table Bellboy Beyong his reach Blacksmith Borrow Bowling alley Box office Box-office success Brake down Brand-new Breakthrough By mutual agreement Canned tuna Cat fish Cheat on Checker Checkers Checking account Chew gum Coin holder Coming of age Corner stone Cover up Crossword puzzle Cut the hair Danger District attorney Do the dishes Do the hair
MEANING cuentas por pagar cuentas por cobrar manejarse mal aviso clasificado como prstamo "dar papaya" pedir permiso invitar a salir en desorden a ms tardar tener miedo querer, estar buscando estar atrasado estar indeciso tener miedo estar "molido" mesa de noche botones ms all de su alcance herrero tomar prestado bolera taquilla pelcula taquillera daarse muy nuevo avance importante de comn acuerdo atn enlatado pez gato, bagre "poner los cuernos" ajedrezado (ropa) damas cuenta corriente mascar chicle monedero mayora de edad la primera piedra montaje, encubrimiento crucigrama cortarse el cabello (hombres) peligro (situacin) abogado acusador, fiscal lavar los platos hacerse un peinado (mujeres)
WORD Kind of Labor day Laser price code Lay off Leave out of the matter Legal writing Lend Let down Life-sized Locksmith Look pale Lose money Make a decision Make a fool of yourself Make do Make money Make one's bed Make the exam Make up Mason Miscarriage "Niger" On time Open road Opt for Out of Overbooked Past away Past on Pawn shop Petty cash Pimp Piss off Plaid Pocket knife Polka dot Pork skin Printed Promissory note Put on make up Put something right Put up "Red neck" Run errand Screw driver
MEANING ms o menos da de trabajo cdigo de barras despedido por recorte excluir notara prestar dejar de llover, amainar de tamao natural cerrajero ponerse plido perder dinero tomar una decisin hacer el oso improvisar ganar dinero (trabajo) tender la cama preparar el examen maquillaje, reconciliarse maestro de obra aborto espontneo insulto para negros a tiempo, puntual camino destapado optar por fuera de sobre cupo fallecer fallecer prendera caja menor jefe de prostitutas enojarse a cuadros (ropa) navaja de bolas (ropa) chicharrn estampado (ropa) pagar maquillarse reparar alojar, hospedar, levantar insulto para blancos hacer una vuelta o diligencia coctel de vodka y jugo de naranja
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WORD Don't mention it Down payment Drop a hint Duty day Earn money Easier said than done Easy-going End table End up Errand boy Eye doctor Eye witness Fail the exam Far-fetched Fashionable Feel like Figure out Footbridge For the sake of Foreign policy Fortuneteller Fortunetelling Fun to be with Gain money Get exercise Get rid of Give birth to Give rise Go blush Go downhill Go hungry Go on a diet Golf club Grown up Hand crafts Have to do with Hazard Horseback riding Horseback riding Hot-tempered Identical twins Ill-mannered Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.
MEANING de nada anticipo ($) dar una pista da laborable ganar dinero (trabajo) ms fcil decirlo que hacerlo tranquilo mesa de centro terminar mensajero oculista, oftalmlogo testigo ocular perder el examen ridculo a la moda tener ganas de encontrar una solucin puente peatonal por el bien de poltica exterior adivino adivinar la suerte divertido ganar dinero (negocios) hacer ejercicio deshacerse de dar a luz impulsar sonrojarse ir cuesta abajo pasar hambre ponerse a dieta palo de golf adulto manualidades tener que ver con peligro (por equipos) equitacin montar a caballo de genio violento gemelos grosero
WORD Sense of belonging Set up Settle down Shoemaker Shoeshine boy Solid Sort of So-so Sound asleep Space shuttle "Speak" Speeding ticket Stationery shop Stay still Street urchin Streetwalking Stripe Striped Suck up Take a leak Take a look at Take an exam Take care of Take charge Talk into Talk out Tank top The shit hit the fan The werewolf Tip Tipsy Tom-boy Top it off Turn down Up the creek Win money Window shopping Wonder-child Work day Work out Worn out Zip up
MEANING sentido de pertenencia erigir, montar, fundar, instalar sentar cabeza zapatero lustrador fondo entero (ropa) ms o menos ms o menos profundamente dormido nave espacial insulto para latinos parte por exceso de velocidad papelera quedarse quieto persona sin hogar (vagabundo) callejero raya, dibujar o pintar a rayas a rayas (ropa) succionar, aspirar "pegarse una orinada" echar una mirada presentar un examen cuidar de responsable de convencer (de hacer algo) convencer (de no hacer algo) camisilla "se jodi el asunto" el hombre lobo dar propina "prendo", "copetn" marimacho para rematar rechazar ro arriba Ganar dinero (lotera, rifa, casino, apuesta) vitriniar nio maravilla, genio da laborable hacer ejercicio en el gimnasio desgastado cerrar con cierre
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STRUCTURES IN ENGLISH
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BIBLIOGRAPHY A.V.C. Audio Visual Center. Intermediate A I Course Grammar Review. A.V.C. Audio Visual Center. Intermediate A 2. A.V.C. Audio Visual Center. Intermediate B Course Grammar Review. A.V.C. Audio Visual Center. Pre-Advanced Course Grammar Review. A.V.C. Audio Visual Center. Advanced Course Grammar Review. BROUKAI, Milada. Idioms for Everyday Use. National Textbook Company. Illinois, USA. El Colombiano. Gran Diccionario Ingls-Espaol. p. 9-11
June, 2010
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TOPIC The alphabet sounds Ordinal and cardinal numbers To be (past tense) and there + to be Pronunciation of the final

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

TOO AND EITHER Rule: Subject + auxiliary + too So + auxiliary + subject

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

GERUND 1. After following verbs:

2. After following prepositions:

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

3. After following expressions:

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Get used to: acostumbrarse a.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

PREFER AND WOULD RATHER 1. Para expresar lo que se prefiere en general:

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

ORDER OF THE ADVERB OF PLACE, MODE AND TIME

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

THE USE OF: ABOUT, AT, BY, FOR, FROM, OF

Sorry + for + doing + something

Different + from + someone / something

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Myself Yourself Himself Herself Itself Ourselves Yourselves Themselves Oneself 28

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Go to the: The rest of the expressions.

I have breakfast with eggs once in a while

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

INFINITIVE OF VERBS WITHOUT TO

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Verb Announce Annoy

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Gabriel Jaime Gmez M.

Present Withstand Wring Write

Past Withstood Wrung Wrote

Past Participle Withstood Wrung Written

Meaning Resistir, soportar Torcer, retorcer, escurrir Escribir

PHRASAL VERBS OR TWO-WORD VERBS