Abdulmohsen Alhamrani Academic Language analysis Jan30, 2014 English 122 - AC2 When you read an article in a newspaper

or a magazine, you understand the message that author delivers because most of the authors use simple language to convey their ideas. As we know engineering field is a complicated fields because it has a lot of complicated information and concepts such as theories and numbers that no one can easily understand except engineers. Therefore, the writer of any engineering article needs to make the content very understandable by explaining the concepts of each theory clearly and using simple language in order to help non-engineers to a better understanding. Thus, the authors Chung Yang Chen, who is professor at National Central University in Taiwan, and P.Pete Chong who is professor joint appointed by the Department of Industrial Engineering Management at Ming Chi University of Technology in the article Software Engineering Education A Study Conducting Collaborative Senior Project Development use a different style of writing in terms of structure and language to convey their purpose of writing this paper. Engineering a complicated field that has a lot of complicated ideas and theories, which need enough explanation because it is hard to understand. Therefore, the authors in the article use some sample language and specific structures of writing such as, abstract, literature review, and many complex and compound sentences in order to convey their ideas clearly, and to help the non-

engineers to understand the article easily because these specific structures clarify the information and make it more understandable. Because this scientific article has a lot of complicated ideas such as experiments, theories, statistics, and some engineering terms that are really hard for non-engineers to understand, the authors begin the article with abstract, which means a short written statement containing only the most important ideas in article, and the authors include this abstract at the beginning of the article in order to give the readers a brief summary about what article is going to be about. Moreover, the abstract could another communicative way between the engineers because it contains some engineering terms. In other words, if the engineer wants to know whether this article related to his filed exactly or not, he just simply read the abstract and he will be able to identify whether it is relevant or not so that could help the engineers to figure out what the article is from the abstract. The authors add beside the abstract some keywords to let the reader know that these words are important, and also to give the reader clue about the topic. Furthermore, Chong and Chen divide their article to typical style of writing which are introduction, body, and conclusion, and each section of them has its own structure and style of writing. In the introduction, the authors introduce every essential idea that they are going to discuss about. For instance, the authors mention one of their experiments briefly and that indicates the authors are going to discuss more about the project in the body section. In other words, the authors give the reader the map of paper to by introducing every essential idea briefly.

At the end of the introduction, Chong and Chen wrap everything up because they mentioned a lot of details and begin to discuss deeply about every single idea. The body section for this scientific article is totally different than humanities article that I am used to reading. For instance, there are some charts, tables, and also, some bulleted lists Literature review, and methodology. The authors use this technique to organize the information of the article and make it very organized and useful to other engineers who want to use the article in their study. In one of the paragraphs Chong and Chen mention a lot of numbers and statistics after that they interpret those numbers and statistics that they just mentioned in the text to a table in order to demonstrate these numbers very well. This method is really effective because if there are no tables and charts it will be very hard for non-engineers to understand what those numbers and statistics indicate to. In fact, this style of writing, which includes tables, charts, and graphs, is part of the engineering felid because engineering field has a lot of numbers and statistics that needs those tables and charts to make it very organized. As result of this, the authors use those elements in their writing in order to illustrate their ideas and make more organized to the reader. Furthermore, the authors equally divide one of their ideas to bulleted list because it has a lot of details and important information. For example, Chong and Chen did an experiment about one of their projects then they list the result of the experiment to bulleted points. The reason why the Chong and Chen list the result of the experiment to bulleted points is because the experiment takes long time to process so they cannot write exactly whatever happens in the experiment. Therefore, they use bulleted points to write down the significant changes in their experiments.

The authors organize the experiment like this because it will help the engineers to notice clearly the changes that appended in the experiment, and also to help them to understand the process of the experiment because the authors demonstrate the process of the experiment separately in a bulleted list. As result of this, Chong and Chen use this particular technique several times with every concept that includes a lot of details and long term processing to illustrate what does every single concept mean, and also to make the idea much easier for reader to a better understand. Why when you read any body section for a scientific article you must find a literature review? Because the literatures review allows the readers to get new or different ideas that they may not have thought about, and also it is a valuable resource that engineers may disclose sources of information. Additionally, the literature review could help to establish a theoretical framework for the topic. Because the authors have done many experiments and theories on their project, they started discussing about methodology, which includes research and data collection method. The writers talk about methodology, which is one of the essential sections in the scientific article. In the methodology section, explain what happened exactly before, during, and after the experiment. For example, they talk about the materials that they use in the experiment. Also, they talk about the progress that has happened during the experiment. Although Chong and Chen mention the methodology of the experiment precisely, but they did not quote directly for other experts word by word, they just quote the thing that is related to their experiment. As an illustration, Chong and Chen did not use the whole quotation that they took it from the experts in the methodology section. The reason

of following this technique is because sometimes the writer does not need to provide the reader with information that is not related experiment because the methodology section must talk only about the method of the experiment. Likewise, Chong and Chen paraphrase more than to quote directly for experts in order to simplify the idea very well and make more understandable for the reader by defining the engineering terms because some quotations are very hard to understand and that is why the authors paraphrase more because non-engineering reader will struggle to understand direct quotes because it has a lot of theories and engineering terms that hard to understand. After they have completely done discussing about methodology, they moved on to talk about one of their project. Chong and Chen firstly inform the reader more about the project by in introducing some information of the project. Then, they talk about the advantages of the project and they include some statistics and facts. The way that the authors use to talk about the project is really effective because the authors give the reader accurate information about project by showing the reader the source of the information. Also, Chong and Chen covert the most important ideas of the project in order to provide the reader more about the project and help other engineers as well who want to use these ideas in their studies. Furthermore, the authors move on to illustrate the processing of the project. In this case, Chong and Chen create a flow chart and explain the process of the project on this flow chart. The authors in case follow this technique because the flow chart is one of the communicated ways between engineers to understand the processing of any project. Additionally, Chong and Chen want to make very simple to anyone who would like to do the same project by simply following the flow chart.

At the end of the body section in this scientific article, the authors include discussion between some scientists in order to debate on their theories. This discussion between scientists usually helps the writer to prove his or her theory by including a variety of different claims. As result of this, Chong and Chen include discussion between scientists at the end of the article to prove their theories and convince the reader more about their studies. This method is really effective because it allows the reader to know that the authors use a variety of different sources to prove their argument. In fact, when you either quote or paraphrase from some one who is expert in his or her field that makes the credibility of the information more trustful and that is what Chong and Chen have done over this article. They approximately quote more than six times and they paraphrase more than nine times. In terms of credibility, the authors in the introduction add a variety of different resources, such as quotations, numbers, and dates to make the article more reliable and give the article its credibility. In reality, this way of organization especially in the introduction is extremely important because it inspires the reader that the authors work hard on paper and try give accurate information to his topic. Additionally, it attracts the readers to the article because it has credible information. So if the author did not add some numbers, facts, and statistics in the article, that will not make the article sound reliable because authors will not have reliable evidence to prove their argument. In terms of language, the present tense cover the majority of the article and that point out Chong and Chen discussing about something happens now days. Additionally, the number of the complex and compound sentences are a lot. For example, in some sentences the authors use complex sentence because the sentence has a lot of complicated

information that needs to be explained. On the contrary, the authors use the compound sentences in the sentences that have too short information to combine the two sentences to each other. Moreover, the authors define some engineering words to simple and easy language to allow the reader a better understanding. Moreover, In this type of the article, engineers can easily identify what this article is going to cover based on the way of how the article organized because most of the engineers use this structure of writing. Generally, the authors effectively cover one of the most essential aspects of this scientific article is that the introduction must give brief information about the whole ideas in the article in order to make the article more easier for reader then they use supporting evidence to explain every single idea to the reader to a better understand. Also, they use different a variety of different sources in order to prove their argument. In addition, they used some flow charts and tables to illustrate their complicated ideas to non-engineers and to a better understanding, In sum, language and structure are very important and specific and because of this, all engineers are able to know how to communicate to each other using this particular language and structure. As result of this, following this specific language and structure might help engineers to save time by looking at the abstract of the article and to identify if this topic is relevant they simply look at the introduction. In addition, the structure and the organization of the article help the readers to a better understanding, and also make much easier for engineers to communicate to each other and to replicate studies by using this particular structure and the organization.

Reference

Chen, C. Y., & Chong, P. P. (2011). Software engineering education: A study on conducting collaborative senior project development. Journal of Systems and Software, 84 -