1.

Short notes on Sustainable development Sustainable development is development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In the extensive discussion and use of the concept since then, there has generally been a recognition of three aspects of sustainable development: Economic: An economically sustainable system must be able to produce goods and services on a continuing basis, to maintain manageable levels of government and external debt, and to avoid extreme sectoral imbalances which damage agricultural or industrial production. Environmental: An environmentally sustainable system must maintain a stable resource base, avoiding over-exploitation of renewable resource systems or environmental sink functions, and depleting non-renewable resources only to the extent that investment is made in adequate substitutes. This includes maintenance of biodiversity, atmospheric stability, and other ecosystem functions not ordinarily classed as economic resources. Social: A socially sustainable system must achieve distributional equity, adequate provision of social services including health and education, gender equity, and political accountability and participation.

2. What is Technology Transfer? What is the process of technology Transfer? What are the problems of Technology Transfer? Technology transfer is the process by which existing knowledge, facilities, or capabilities developed under federal research and development (R&D) funding are utilized to fulfill public and private needs. Process of technology Transfer The process of technology transfer is summarized in the steps below. Note that these steps can vary in sequence and often occur simultaneously. Research: Observations and experiments during research activities often lead to discoveries and inventions. An invention is any useful process, machine, composition of matter, or any new or useful improvement of the same. Pre-Disclosure: An early contact with U-M (university of michigan) Tech Transfer personnel to discuss your invention and to provide guidance with respect to the disclosure, evaluation, and protection processes described below.

Invention Report: An invention report is a confidential document, and should fully document your invention so that the potential options for commercialization can be evaluated and pursued. Assessment: The period in which you and your U-M Tech Transfer representative review the invention report, conduct patent searches (if applicable), and analyze the market and competitive technologies to determine the invention's commercialization potential Protection: The process in which protection for an invention is pursued to encourage third party interest in commercialization. Selecting a Partner: Assuming more than one company is interested in the invention, U-M Tech Transfer will identify the most appropriate licensing partner(s) for the invention. Marketing: Your contacts at companies may also be very important as we contact potential licensees during the marketing process. Licensing: A license agreement is a contract between the University and a third party in which the University's rights to a technology are licensed (without relinquishing ownership) for financial and other considerations. Commercialization: The licensee continues the advancement of the technology, and makes other business investments to develop the product or service. This step may entail further development, regulatory approvals, sales and marketing, support, training, and other activities. Revenue: Revenues received by the University from licensees are distributed to schools, colleges, departments, and inventors to fund additional research and education and to encourage further participation in the tech transfer process. Problems of Technology Transfer The problems of technology transfer are:a) Raw materials of the acceptor country or company may not and do not fall exactly with the donor country or company. Hence lot of adjustment trial and error is necessary. b) Steel sections, types, strength, design, etc. of donor country or company may not agree with theacceptor. Necessary adjustment had to be made. c) The process parameters, dimensions, pH of water, shade and tone of color, raw material and finished product may not agree between the donor and acceptor. d) The terms and conditions, because of obvious reasons, often omit a large number of product and services. It becomes a problem to procure them at a later stage. e) Payment, if not made in stages as per agreement, a lot of delay and consequent other problems arise.

f) The weather, air, rainfall, water quality etc. of acceptor country very to a great extent between the two countries. g) Following of drawings sometimes create problems, sending fax, email etc. takes time in reply. Hence delay. h) Miscellaneous problems relating to skill of the donor company imported raw material and components etc. may take the finished products look and performance not as good as the original. This may cause attrition, delay, non-payment, loss and late payment etc. i) The language problems between countries or companies and associated staff and workers after create problems in technology transfer. 3. Problems that arise between men and machine because of the following reasons: Backdated training of the worker which does not fit with the new design of the machine Both morale and attitude of the worker are of low level and standard Poor maintenance of the machine Improper workload Improper lighting or ventilation results in low productivity Physical and mental fitness of the worker Poor supervisory controls over the worker affect the productivity Improper industrial relations What is Professional Ethics? Professional Ethics concerns one's conduct of behaviour and practice when carrying out professional work. Such work may include consulting, researching, teaching and writing. Code of Ethics A written set of guidelines issued by an organization to its workers and management to help them conduct their actions in accordance with its primary values and ethical standards. A Code of Ethics enables us to: Set out the ideals and responsibilities of the profession Exert a de facto regulatory effect, protecting both clients and professionals Improve the profile of the profession Motivate and inspire practitioners, by attempting to define their raison d'tre

 Provide guidance on acceptable conduct Raise awareness and consciousness of issues Improve quality and consistency CLUB OF ROME 1. What is the Club of Rome? The Club of Rome is an independent, non-profit organisation. In its work the Club of Rome is addressing the root causes of the challenges and crises the world faces today: our current concepts of growth, development and globalisation.The Club of Rome acts as a platform which brings together academics, scientists, politicians, business professionals and members of the civil society to design, develop and implement effective approaches on a broad range of interconnected global issues. These issues include environmental sustainability, economic growth, resource consumption, peace, security and demographics. The Clubs International Centre is located in Winterthur, Switzerland The aims of the Club of Rome are: 1. to identify the most crucial problems which will determine the future of humanity through integrated and forward-looking analysis 2. to evaluate alternative scenarios for the future and to assess risks, choices and opportunities 3. to develop and propose practical solutions to the challenges identified 4. to communicate the new insights and knowledge derived from this analysis to decisionmakers in the public and private sectors and also to the general public and to stimulate public debate and effective action to improve the prospects for the future.