RUSSIA'S COLD SPOTS

AND COUNTRIES
RUSSIA MIGHT
INVADE IN COMING 50
YEARS

SUBMITTED TO:SIR NAVTEJ SINGH

SUBMITTED BY:SHEENAM CHOUDHRY

Russian Invasion since 1992 2014 (After dissolution of USSR present)

Russian attack on territory of Chechenia 1994 - 2003
Russian troops moved into the rebel territory of Chechenia in massive force on 11th december 1994,
hoping to intimidate its separatist leader, President Dzhokhar Dudayev, into peaceful surrender
without resorting to a bloody assault on his stronghold, the city of Grozny. Hundreds of tanks,
armoured personnel carriers and artillery pieces, with helicopter outriders, rumbled through the
north Caucasian countryside. But the Russian advance ran into stiffer resistance than expected from
volunteers in the tiny republic of Ingushetia, between North Ossetia and Chechenia. A Russian
column was halted by Ingush fighters, who are ethnic kin of the Chechens, as it crossed Ingush
territory. The Russian president, Boris Yeltsin, vanished from public view as his forces prepared for
action. An aide said he was recovering from an operation. In a national appeal, reported on 11th
dcember 1994 by the Itar-Tass news agency, Mr Yeltsin said he had ordered troops in to protect
Chechenia's civilians. '
In a written appeal to the peoples of Russia and the Caucausus, President Dudayev said reactionary
imperial circles planned a bloodbath. He said 'We still have enough strength to prevent a bloody
blanket being thrown over the Caucasus and the whole of Russia,'.
Russia's spokesman, Valentin Sergeyev, said that Grozny would not be stormed and there would be
talks. By nightfall, Russian units were reported to have reached Tolstoy-Yurt, 10 miles from
Grozny. They seized Chechenia's petrochemical complex. According to one source six Russian
armoured vehicles were left ablaze in Ingushetia. Journalists who reached Grozny from the North
Ossetian capital, Vladikavkaz, said that the column had been stopped around Nazran. The Ekho
Moskvy radio station in Russia quoted the Ingush vice-president, Boris Agapov, as saying five
Ingush citizens were killed in clashes. Another clash occurred in Znamenskoye and there were
reports of Russian air attacks around Grozny. The Chechen information minister, Movladi Udugov,
claimed 40 Russian troops and six vehicles had been captured. Russian troops were far from
controlling all roads through Chechenia yesterday. On the road to Grozny from Nalchik, capital of
the republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, not a single Russian soldier could be seen.
In 1991, Chechnya declared independence and was named the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
According to some sources, from 1991 to 1994, tens of thousands of people of non-Chechen
ethnicity (mostly Russians, Ukrainians and Armenians) left the republic amidst reports of violence
and discrimination against the non-Chechen population. Other sources do not identify displacement
as a significant factor in the events of the period, instead focussing on the deteriorating domestic
situation within Chechnya, the aggressive politics of the Chechyen President, Dzhokhar Dudayev,
and the domestic political ambitions of Russian President Boris Yeltsin. Russian army forces
invaded Grozny in 1994 but, after two years of intense fighting, the Russian troops eventually
withdrew from Chechnya under the Khasavyurt Accord. Chechnya preserved its de facto
independence until the second war broke out in 1999. In 1999, the Russian government forces again
invaded Chechnya, in response to terrorist attacks that Russia blamed on Chechen militants. By
early 2000 Russia almost completely destroyed the city of Grozny and succeeded in putting
Chechnya under direct control of Moscow. According to Norman Naimark, "serious evidence
indicates that Russian government developed plans to deport the Chechens once again in the mid1990s if they had lost the war.

In August 2002, At least 115 people killed when military helicopter crashes in Chechen minefield.
Russian military accuses Chechen fighters of shooting it down. Reports suggest overcrowding could
have been a contributing factor in the high death toll. In October, Chechen rebels seize a Moscow
theatre and hold about 800 people hostage. Most of the rebels and around 120 hostages are killed
when Russian forces storm the building. In December, Suicide bombers attack the headquarters in
Grozny of the Moscow-backed Chechen government. More than 50 people are killed. Separatist
rebels claim responsibility.
In March 2003, Russians hail Chechen referendum vote in favour of a new constitution stipulating
that the republic is part of the Russian Federation. Human rights groups, among others, are strongly
critical of Russia for pushing ahead with referendum before peace has been established. In May,
Over 50 people killed in suicide bombing of Chechen government building in the north of the
republic. Just two days later, Chechen administration chief Kadyrov has narrow escape in another
suicide attack which leaves over a dozen dead. In June, Suicide bomber blows up bus carrying
military personnel stationed at Mozdok in North Ossetia, Russia's military headquarters for
operations in Chechnya. Around twenty people killed. In July, Suicide bomb attack at rock festival
just outside Moscow kills at least 15, including two bombers. Russia sees passport found on one
attacker as evidence of Chechen link. In August, Suicide bomb attack on military hospital at
Mozdok, near Chechen border, kills 50 people.

Russia invasion of Germany 2008

TheRusso-Georgian War (also known as the 2008 South Ossetia War, Five-Day War or August War)
was an armed conflict in August 2008 between Georgia on one side, and Russia and the separatist
South Ossetia and Abkhazia on the other. The199192 South Ossetia War between ethnic Georgians
and Ossetians had left slightly more than a half of South Ossetia underde facto control of a Russianbacked, internationally unrecognised government. Most ethnic Georgian parts of South Ossetia
remained under the control of Georgia (Akhalgori district, and most villages surrounding
Tskhinvali), with Georgian, North Ossetian and Russian joint peacekeeping force present in the
territories. A similar situation existed in Abkhazia after the War in Abkhazia (1992-93). Increasing
tensions escalated during the summer months of 2008. On 5 August, a Russian spokesman said
Russia would defend Russian citizens in South Ossetia if they were attacked.
During the night of 7 to 8 August 2008, Georgia launched a large-scale military offensive against
South Ossetia, in an attempt to reclaim the territory. Georgia claimed that it was responding to
attacks on its peacekeepers and villages in South Ossetia, and that Russia was moving nonpeacekeeping units into the country. However an OSCE monitoring group in Tskhinvali did not
record outgoing artillery fire from the South Ossetian side in the hours before the start of Georgian
bombardment. Two British OSCE observers reported hearing only occasional small-arms fire, but
no shelling. According to Der Spiegel, NATO officials attested that minor skirmishes had taken
place, but nothing that amounted to a provocation. The Georgian attack caused casualties among
Russian peacekeepers, who resisted the assault along with Ossetian militia. Georgia successfully
captured most of Tskhinvali within hours. Russia reacted by deploying units of the Russian 58th
Army and Russian Airborne Troops into South Ossetia one day later, and launched airstrikes against
Georgian forces in South Ossetia and military and logistical targets in Georgia proper. Russia
claimed these actions were a necessary humanitarian intervention and peace enforcement.
Russian and Ossetian forces battled Georgian forces throughout South Ossetia for four days, the
heaviest fighting taking place in Tskhinvali. On 9 August, Russian naval forces allegedly blockaded
a part of the Georgian coast and landed marines on the Abkhaz coast. The Georgian Navy attempted

to intervene, but was defeated in a naval skirmish. Russian and Abkhaz forces opened a second
front by attacking the Kodori Gorge, held by Georgia. Georgian forces put up only minimal
resistance, and Russian forces subsequently raided military bases in western Georgia. After five
days of heavy fighting in South Ossetia, the Georgian forces retreated, enabling the Russians to
enter uncontested Georgia and temporarily occupy the cities of Poti, Gori, Senaki, and Zugdidi.
Through mediation by the French presidency of the European Union, the parties reached a
preliminary ceasefire agreement on 12 August, signed by Georgia on 15 August inTbilisi and by
Russia on 16 August in Moscow. Several weeks after signing the ceasefire agreement, Russia began
pulling most of its troops out of uncontested Georgia. Russia established buffer zones around
Abkhazia and South Ossetia and created checkpoints in Georgia's interior. These forces were
eventually withdrawn from uncontested Georgia. However some Western officials insist the troops
did not return to the line where they were stationed prior to the beginning of hostilities as described
in the peace plan. Russian forces remain stationed in Abkhazia and South Ossetia under bilateral
agreements with the corresponding governments.

Russia invasion of Ukraine - 2014

Beginning on 27 February 2014, unidentified pro-Russian troops seized control of the majority of
the Crimean peninsula in the southeastern area of Ukraine. The region has fallen into crisis as a
result of the uncertain outcome of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, and Russia's apparent seizure of
this strategic peninsula.
The Crimean Peninsula is Russia's strategic link to the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and the
Balkans. The Russian government maintains that its involvement in Crimea seeks to protect ethnic
Russians in the region against Ukrainian authorities. Russia does not recognize the newly installed
interim government in Ukraine, instead considering now-ousted-President Viktor Yanukovych
Ukraine's legitimate leader. Russia states that Yanukovych asked Russia to intervene in Ukraine
militarily to maintain peace and order. Russia claims that its regular forces are not involved in the
present stand-off, and also asserts that use of force for the purposes of humanitarian intervention in
Ukraine, has not yet occurred. The Ukrainian response so far has been muted as its leaders seek
diplomatic solutions, with military reaction on their part limited to amobilization of Ukraine's
armed forces and reserves. Russia, however, has vowed that its troops will stay until the political
situation has been "normalised". Internally, Crimea is scheduled to hold a referendum on 16 March
2014 on whether Crimea shall join the Russian Federation or remain part of Ukraine. The events
have caused alarm among the Crimean Tatar ethnic group, whose members redeported en masse to
Central Asia in 1944 under orders from Joseph Stalin, claiming a huge death toll.
At the international level, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Poland,
Canada, Turkey and the European Union condemned Russia, accusing it of breaking international
law and violating Ukrainian sovereignty. While initially China neither publicly supported nor
criticized Russia while showing support for Ukraine's territorial integrity, it later warned that it
"doesn't want" sanctions against Russia. India considers that Russia has legitimate interests in
Crimea.

Future countries Russia might invade

Britain could be on warpath with Russia to stop 'invasion' of Ukraine
The Budapest Memorandum, signed by Britain, Ukraine, the United States and Russia, agreed to
uphold the territorial integrity of Ukraine's borders. Now Ukraine have called on Britain to keep up
its end of the bargain. Article one of the agreement reads: "The United States of America, the
Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, reaffirm their
commitment to Ukraine to respect the Independence and Sovereignty and the existing borders of
Ukraine." The call comes after the Russian government unanimously approved the deployment of
Russian troops to the Crimea. Prime Minister David Cameron has warned Russian President
Vladimir Putin that there is "no excuse" for military intervention. He said: "Everyone must think
carefully about their actions and work to lower, not escalate tensions.

Russian Invasion scare in Australia

It may not seem likely now, but at one time England was at serious loggerheads with the Russian
Empire. In response to the threat of invasion in the 1880's, several gun emplacements were
established on the coasts of British Commonwealth countries. Sarah Keen visits two of the gun
emplacements and writes about them in the Otago Times. The guns stood their ground through both
world wars, but only one was fired in anger, allegedly at a friendly ship during WW1 that didn't
identify itself quick enough.

Russia might Invade Eastern European Nations

EU leaders will on Thursday discuss potential sanctions against Russia but the blocs 28 nations are
divided over how severe the penalties can be and when they can pull the trigger. EU foreign
ministers agreed that Moscow would face targeted measures if it did not de-escalate the crisis
after its Invasion of Crimea. But European countries are deeply worried about their commercial ties
to Russia and are struggling to agree on their next step. Eastern European nations fear that Russia
wants to push into eastern Ukraine and are calling for a quick threat of specific sanctions, insisting
that Moscow can only cool tensions by pulling troops in Crimea back to barracks. But they are
frustrated that western European nations, led by Germany, are dragging their heels and are arguing
that Vladimir Putin, Russias president, has already pulled back from the brink by ending military
exercises inside Russia.
The commercial interdependence of Russia and Europe means that the EU is likely to implement
any sanctions only very gradually. Berlin is only prepared to endorse a suspension of talks on visa
liberalisation and separate negotiations on a potential trade agreement. The Germans oppose the
imposition of travel bans on Russian officials. It is likely that the Germans will for now try to
make the EU stop short of enacting targeted measures against specific Russian officials and
companies,. The US has threatened banking sanctions against Russia but only in the case of
Moscow sending forces into eastern Ukraine. Laurent Fabius, Frances foreign minister, said he

hoped that Russia could lower tensions through diplomacy. Sanctions could be voted tomorrow if
there is no de-escalation. I expect and hope that Russia will today tell us that there is a prospect for
dialogue with a contact group,. Italy and the Netherlands are closely allied with Germany, falling
well short of the tough riposte that eastern European and Baltic nations would like. In particular,
diplomats are stressing Europes economic dependence on Russia. This might lead Russia to invade
futhur than Crimea to eastern Ukraine and then furthur.