Experiment of Shear Force in Beams

Course Title: Lab Report #: Submitted To: Submitted By: Registration #: Date of Submission: Assessors Remarks:

Mechanics of Materials LAB 1 Sir Raees Fida Swati Sajid khan 110301007 Oct 29th, 2012 GRADE

[Lab Report # 1 Shear Force in Beams -] October 29, 2012

Preface
As the world is developing day by day and leading towards the perfection in materials and minimizing the flaws in the materials so primarily this is the duty of the engineer to produce such materials that satisfies the requirement and need of materials in the modern world for elite applications. With the development of materials it is also very important to know about the pros and const of the structure of the materials due to which the subject of Mechanics of materials is very important to be studied in order to know about the internal stresses that are present in the structure which would helped the engineer to design such a structure that is durable and can support more load. This knowledge of the stresses present in the structure can enable us to minimize the capital as well as human loss. That is why engineering is a very responsible field.

The Author Sajid Ullah Material Sciences and Engineering Department Institute of Space Technology

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT | INSTITUTE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY

[Lab Report # 1 Shear Force in Beams -] October 29, 2012

Dedication

This lab report is dedicated to my parents and teachers, because what I am, is all due to them and the grace of Almighty Allah. May Allah make us successful in every way of life and make us obedient of HIM. We should always respect our parents. I always pray to Allah that: Rabbirhamhumaa kamaa rabbayaani sagh-iiraa Meaning : O Lord, show mercy on them as they have nourished me when I was young

Sajid Ullah

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT | INSTITUTE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY

[Lab Report # 1 Shear Force in Beams -] October 29, 2012

Experiment: Shear force in Beams

Objective:
The main objective of this experiment is to understand the action of a shear in the beams. Also to measure the shear force at a normal section of a loaded beam and to check its agreement with theory.

Apparatus:
HST ACE 4 Shear force apparatus.

Introduction:
(A) (B)

Ra

Rb

Consider the vertical equilibrium of the part AX of the beam if it is cut by a section at X. P

Qx

Qx

Ra

Rb

There must be a force Qx acting within the materials of the beam such that Qx = Ra At the section opposite and equal force Qx is acting on part XB is in equilibrium with P and Rb, that is Qx = P - Rb Qx Qx = 0 Ra - (P - Rb) = 0 Ra + Rb = P As this is showing clearly.

Sign convention:
Positive shear is produced when an upward external force is applied to the left of the section XX is +Ra, and the right of this section is also producing the positive shear at section at XX is Rb + P, and as we know that the P is greater than Rb so it is taken as positive.

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT | INSTITUTE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY

[Lab Report # 1 Shear Force in Beams -] October 29, 2012 Here in this situation take the length of the beam as a base and the ordinates of the shear force in figure is the value of the shear force at corresponding section of beam at fixed loading. Shear force diagram is shown below. +Ra

X B

-Rb Multiple Points Loads A W1 C W2 W3 B

X1 X2 X3

Taking moment about A is

Rb =
Shear force at C is

Qc = - Rb +
Procedure

Part 1

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT | INSTITUTE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY

[Lab Report # 1 Shear Force in Beams -] October 29, 2012 Set the beam at distance of 900mm spam in construction part, set the Section C at 300mm from left (support Ra). Position one hanger from left at 100mm distance from A, place second hanger just right to the section C at 310mm from A. Place third hanger at 400mm from B. Allign the spring and record Datum Value (zero value / no load value). Place 10 N on third hanger from B, now re-allign it and note the value of spring balance force. Now take difference from this spring balance force from Datum Value i.e. Shear stress at C = (Spring balance force - Datum Value) Datum value = 3.15
Load on third hanger (N) Spring balance force (N) Shear Force Qc Theoretical force Qc 0 3.15 3.15 10 7 3.85 20 11.35 8.20

Here we have the different results for the 10 N load on the first and second hanger to see the behaviour of shear force in the beams. Datum value = 3.15
Load on second hanger (N) Spring balance force (N) Shear Force Qc Theoretical force Qc 0 3.15 3.15 10 9.25 6.10

Datum value = 3.15

Load on first hanger (N) Spring balance force (N) Shear Force Qc Theoretical force Qc 0 3.15 3.15 10 1.75 -2.65

Repeat same experiment with 10 N and than 20 N on the third hanger. In the same way repeat experiment on second and than on the first hanger,

Part 2

Now move the third hanger to 300mm from B. now align and record datum value. Now place 5 N and 12 N load in first and third hanger respectively and record balancing shear force. Now move 2 N load from third hanger to second hanger, re-allign it and record the value. Now replace 2 N with 10 N to the second hanger, ra-allign it and record value of spring shearing force.

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT | INSTITUTE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY

[Lab Report # 1 Shear Force in Beams -] October 29, 2012 A W1 C W2 W3 B

100mm 310mm 300mm

900mm

Datum Value = 2.75

A Load (N) at position Indicated (a) Balance force (N) Shear force Qc (N) Experimental 3.25 3.85

Theorratical

W1 W2 W3 5 0 12 6 2 10 6.6

(b) 5

(c) Part 3:

10

10

11.8

9.05

Position the hangers and align the beam and note datum value. Now load the hangers with different weight and note the Balancing shear force.

Construction:
1. Place the beam on the support A and B at a span of 900mm. 2. Mark the positions of hanger on the beam from position A to B i.e. at100mm from A(for first hanger) and 310mm from A(for second hanger) and at 400mm from B. 3. Align the beam to the rear corners of the beam

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT | INSTITUTE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY

[Lab Report # 1 Shear Force in Beams -] October 29, 2012 4. Now hang the hangers and apparatus is ready.

Result:
This is the result we obtained from doing this experiment that the shear force produces in the beam by applying loads to the beam, which produces internal stresses among the beam. By doubling the load the shear force also gets increased.

Observation:
It was observed during the experiment that by increasing the load the shear force also get increased. By doubling the load the shearing force almost gets doubled. Here the experimental results did not agree to the theoretical results in this experiment. The average ratio experimental shearing force / theoretical shearing force is

MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT | INSTITUTE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY