Metals and Alloys Q-1

A.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Why metals are so important? Describe various factors to be considered in the designing and selection of alloys. What do you understand by Structure-Processing-Property relationship? How processing affects structure? How structure dictates processing?

B.
1. Why practical strength of metals is much less than theoretical strength. 2. Describe basic types of dislocations. 3. What type of dislocation is generally found in metals 4. How does the resulting deformation depends on type of dislocation 5. What a dislocation could do when its movement is hindered. 6. Comment: BCC metals are strong, FCC metals are ductile, HCP metals are brittle. 7. Explain why cross slip is not possible in HCP metals. How it can be made possible.

C.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Which is stronger, fine grain or coarse grain metal? Why? Is there any mathematical relationship between strength and grain size? Why we should be careful while heating a metal? What do you mean by cold work? Why it generally increases the strength but decreases the ductility? How does the dislocation density increases by cold work? Give approximate value of dislocation density for annealed and severely cold worked metal. 7. Describe various stages of annealing after cold working. 8. What is hot working? Is deformation of Lead (Pb) at room temperature hot or cold work?

D. 1. Draw a hypothetical phase diagram. 2. Indicate various isothermal reactions. 3. Which alloy could undergo transformation hardening? 4. Which alloy could be age hardened?

E. 1. What is eutectic? 2. Describe general variation in mechanical properties of eutectic alloys. 3. When do you expect eutectic to be brittle and when ductile? What do you expect in Al-Si and AlMg system? 4. Why eutectic structure is generally lamellar? 5. What is a hypoeutectic alloy? What is a Hypereutectic alloy? 6. What phases are present in a eutectic, hypoeutectic and hypereutectic alloy? F. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is a solid solution? Why it is generally harder than a pure metal? How can you increase strength of a solid solution alloy? Give some examples of commercial solid solution alloys. Draw a typical pattern of change in strength and ductility as a function of wt%solute.

G. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What is the difference between age hardening and dispersion hardening. What is age hardening? Give some examples of age hardening alloys. What are the characteristics of alloy system which could undergo age hardening? Describe a typical process of age hardening. Why peak hardness is achieved before equilibrium precipitates are formed? Why Al-Mg alloys are not age hardenable whereas Al-Mg-Si alloys are age hardenable?