AYTA ANLISOY CHAPTER 3

06.03.2014

Basic Input Circuits: The measurement systems consist of gathering, processing and displaying units. In processing unit the signal taken from a transducer and the output signal of transducer manipulated to desired conditions by input circuits and signal conditioning. The input circuits used to transmit the signal from transducer to signal conditioning by protecting the signal type and amplitude.

Current sensitive input circuits: The circuit consists of voltage supplier , internal resistance , and a movable resistance. The maximum level of resistor indicated by and the sensing in transducer chances the resistance of movable resistor. By calculating the current flow, we can determine the chance in physical parameter.

Voltage sensitive input circuits: In this case, voltage meter connected as shown at right. The voltmeter has high impedance that the current drawn by voltmeter can be neglected. Then, the current flow can be same as current sensitive input circuits.

The voltage across the transducer denoted by E. So the relation between the transducer voltage and voltage supplier is calculated as below. ( ) The advantage of voltage sensitive circuit is that voltage measurement is easier than current measurement. Voltage divider input circuits: In some instances, voltage measurement is required as indicator. In this design, the voltage supplier located across the total resistance of transducer. The voltmeter connected to variable resistance. The internal resistance of voltmeter is sufficiently high that the indicated voltage E is proportional with the resistance R.

AYTA ANLISOY CHAPTER 3

06.03.2014

The current flow is;

( The indicated voltage is; ( )

Wheatstone Bridges: Wheatstone bridges used to convert the resistance chance to voltage chance. When switch S1 is closed, the voltage applied to the circuit. In the circuit; R2 and R3 is known resistances, R1 is adjustable and Rx is unknown resistance which is connected to transducer and chances by the transducer measurement parameter. By adjusting the R1, the bridge may be balanced. It means that potential difference between B and D is zero. This balanced condition maybe be sensed by closing S2, and adjusting R1 until sensing device indicates no current flow. The potential difference across the R2 (VAB) and R1(VAD) should be some, if the circuit balanced. Similarly, The R3 (VCB) and RX(VCD) should be some.

Since the circuit balanced;

The Wheatstone bridge is widely used for measuring the output resistance of various transducers, such as resistance thermometers, strain gages, and other devices that register the change in the physical variable as a change in output resistance. References; Holman J.P., Experimental Methods for Engineers, 8th edition, Mc-Graw Hill, 2012. Bolton W., Mechatronics(Electronic Control systems in Mechanical Engineering), 2th Edition, Longman, 1999.