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CURRENT TRANSFORMER

FOLLOWING ARE THE PRE COMMISSIONING TESTS INVOLVED IN THE CURRENT TRANSFORMER TESTING

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Insulation resistance Measurement Secondary Winding resistance Polarity test Ratio Test Knee Point voltage test

Before testing of the CT the following physical checks to be done: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Verify name plate ratings are in accordance with the approved drawings and specifications Inspect for physical damage/defects and mechanical condition Verify correct connection of transformers with system requirements Verify the adequate clearances exist between primary and secondary circuit wiring Verify tightness of accessible bolted electrical connections by calibrated torque-wrench method. Verify that all required grounding and shorting connection provided. Verify all shorting blocks are in correct position, either grounding or open as required. Verify single point grounding of each core done properly. Grounding point shall be nearer to the CT location.

INSULATION RESISTANCE
Ambient temperature shall be noted down before test Insulation resistance values must be checked with megger between 1. 2. 3. 4. Primary to Earth Primary to secondary cores Secondary cores to earth Secondary core to core

SECONDARY WINDING RESISTANCE

Secondary resistance test is to verify the CT secondary winding resistance with specified one and no discontinuity in the winding. This resistance to ensure load is connected properly and circuits not left open. The value must be with in specified on name plate after the effect of temperature taken in to account. If not factory test results shall be taken as reference

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POLARITY TEST
Polarity test is to confirm the polarity marking on the CT primary and secondary and verify it is matching with drawing. More ever it is giving an idea, how to connect the secondaries to make the protection (like directional, differential) and metering function properly.

Close and open the battery switch connected on the primary. Observe the pointer is moving +ve direction, while closing and ve direction while opening for correct polarity.

TURNS RATIO TEST

This test is to ensure the turns ratio of CT for all cores and secondary core terminals whether they are properly connected to their respective cores. Before injecting the primary current, secondary individual cores must be short circuited with loops for measuring the current and open secondary leads to damage of CT. The primary current of minimum of 25% rated primary current to be injected on primary side of CT with secondaries shorted and the secondary current can be measured and recorded for all cores.

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KNEE POINT VOLTAGE TEST (OR) MAGNETIZATION CURVE TEST


What is knee point voltage? 10% increase in voltage gives you 50% increase in excitation current is called knee point voltage. Why it is important in only PS class? What about metering class and over current and earth fault protection (5P class)? For metering and 5P class, secondary circuit is small so the voltage drop across burden is small, it implies that voltage across secondary winding is small, then it will not saturate in normal case. But in PS(the class used only for differential protection purpose) class secondary burden is very high so the voltage across secondary winding is also high which may be divert our CT to saturate position in normal condition also, so generally by designing specially(secondary current only 1amps, as to minimize ohmic loss in secondary circuit). So generally manufacture provides knee point voltage maximum compared to other classes). What is burden? The load connected to secondary winding (sum of relay impedance or meter impedance and control cable resistance and CT secondary winding resistance). What is the purpose of this test? Magnetization curve test or knee point voltage test is to confirm the magnetization characteristics of CT with name plate specifications.

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This test shall be conducted before ratio test and after secondary resistance and polarity test, since residual magnetism left in the core due to DC test (polarity, resistance), which leads additional error in ratio test. The meters used for this test shall be having true RMS measurement.

Magnetization test

Apply 10% of nee point voltage (provided on name plate details) to the secondary See figure: 1 by keeping primary winding open using auto transformer. Measure secondary current by using leakage current test Increase the voltage by 10% step by step and measure current Repeat the steps up to required voltage level After knee point voltage, current will not increase as starting, because CT will saturate

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