Overview of Femto-Forum Activities in 2011

BeFemto Winter School Workshop 6 February 2012, Barcelona, Spain.

Prabhakar Chitrapu, PhD Femto Forum, Vice-Chair WG3 & IFWN Lead & InterDigital Communications Senior Principal Engineer

Outline

About FemtoForum Major Activities of Radio & LTE Groups Major Activities of Networks Groups Major Activities of Services Group

The Femto Forum

Femto Forum covers all small cell technology that uses licensed spectrum & is managed by a carrier

Ecosystem Development

Aims

Market Education Driving open standards

Not-for-profit, founded in 2007 Independent, Inclusive, International

66 operators covering 1.99 billion subscribers 34% of world total

Femto Forum Members

69 Technology Providers
~ Fully featured ecosystem

Scope of Femto Forum

Metro & public
Backhaul requirements and solutions (wired and wireless) Accurate choice of location (and impact of suboptimal location) Mobility management between layers IT integration cost/time Management Economic impact Reliable camp-on in strong signal areas Satellite backhaul Capacity impact Use cases

Residential
Operator acceptance

Enterprise
Reliable camp-on in strong signal areas

Rural
Market size

Propositions beyond coverage (offload, services)

Propositions beyond coverage (offload, services)

Enterprise awareness

WG 1 Marketing & Promotion

WG 2 Radio and Physical Layer

Working Groups

WG 3 Network and Interoperation

WG 4 Regulatory

LTE

IOT

Special Interest Groups

Femto Forum Group Organisation

Services

External Liaisons

RADIO & LTE GROUP ACTIVITIES

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WG2 & LTE-SIG Focus Areas

2011 Radio Aspects of Multi-Femto Enterprise Deployment Radio Aspects of Open Access Small Cell Networks Physical Layer and Femto Platform APIs Synchronisation and Location Verification WiFi & Other Radio co-existence 2012 Multi-standard Small Cell Networks LTE Small Cell Product Classes Synchronization (LTE-TDD in particular & Sync options relative to backhaul technology) X2 and other inter-layer interop

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ENTERPRISE MULTI-FEMTO NETWORKS

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Enterprise Categories
Small - with 1-5 subscribers, e.g. SoHo enterprises Medium - with 6-100 subscribers, e.g. SMB/SME Large with number of subscribers exceeding 100. Rough Translation to Area: 250 to 500 sq.ft. per person

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Enterprise is different from Residential

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Inter-Femto Interactions Large Coverage Area per Femtocell Larger number of Users per Femtocell Higher User Mobility RF variations within an Enterprise Smaller Path-Loss Differential compared to Macro

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Simulated Large Enterprise Building

7 floors 42,000 Sq Ft ~100 office rooms per floor Hallways, Conf Rooms, Labs Walking Users: 3 kmph Stationary Users: 0.86 kmph Closed Subscriber Group mode FAP: 2100 MHz & 10 dBm P-CPICH
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Coverage Planning Considerations

1. Location of the enterprise within the macro
network

Building may be at Cell Edge or Cell Site Conditions seen by Network Listen Module may be different than those seen by UEs

2. Variation of macro RSSI within the enterprise 3. Coverage Performance Voice & High Speed Data 4. DL & UL Interference considerations 5. PSC Planning

typically only 4-10 PSCs out of 512 are allocated for Femtocells, which may cause Collisions due to large number of Femto cells in an Enterprise
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Femtocell Placement Guidelines

Uniform placement across the floor Femtocells at the periphery should not be too close or far
from periphery Femtocells should not be placed in close proximity of each other

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Enterprise Femto Mobility

Indoor RF Propagation Single Path Slow Fading Harsh
conditions for Voice Calls to UE with no Rx Diversity Hard Hand Over (HHO) parameters (thresholds, timers etc) should be optimized (<100ms handover latency) Soft Hand Over (SHO) may be implemented to provide Macro-Tx-Diversity

Dense Office Scenarios: 7-10% area for SHO Open-Plan Office Scenarios: 30-40% area for SHO

Tx-Diversity another option

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OPEN ACCESS SMALL CELLS

Deployment scenarios and locations

Type of Deployment
Main Deployment options (1/2)

SC Locations
Traffic lights Bus/Train station Library, coffee shop, etc. CCTV sites and poles Notice boards and outside walls of shops. Payphones Shops, supermarkets Lamppost

Comments
Co-channel deployment with macro cells will be high on
demand for metro cells (more challenging than for indoors case).

Alcatel-Lucent Femto Cells Metro Roll Out Lamppost

Dense urban

Likely to be used mainly for data offload, hot spot (event if macro signal is strong). Wide variety of site available. Used in targeted areas to offload specific hotspots (e.g. cafe or squares) Advanced antenna techniques such as beamforming will be useful. Variety of backhaul types: fibre, xDSL, wireless, cable. Transmit power will be dependent on antenna height and proximity to macro cell. Vehicular traffic profiles affecting the propagation Variety of backhaul options: DSL, fibre and wireless. To provide data converge to specific hotspot locations or remote residential.

Urban

outside building CCTV sites Payphones

CCTV sites

Handoff between Metrocells required. Specific campus specific applications and services available. Likely to operate in hybrid access mode. Backhaul type likely to be fibre or DSL, satellite.

Rural

Building walls Notice boards

Interference analysis
1. Analyzed interference Management and Capacity Offloading 2.
aspects of UMTS outdoor small cells deployment via system level simulations Focused on downlink and uplink performances of both macrocells and small cells.

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Challenges - Example

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Summary
Small cell deployment can provide effective off-loading Both macro users and small cell users have improved
experience

Reduced load on macro network Excellent channels from the serving small cell

Both uplink and downlink user data rates see significant gain

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LTE SMALL-CELL PRODUCT CLASSES

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LTE Small Cell Product Classes

Applicable under Home, Enterprise, Metro, Rural umbrellas

Objective:
Establish a baseline of LTE Small cell product classes based upon hardware (&software) capabilities. Investigate merits of LTE Small Cell class information exchange between LTE Small Cells and network elements in order to enhance radio resource management.

Proposed LTE Femto Classes

Class 1 Residential
Peak DL data rate (Mbps) Peak UL data rate (Mbps) Min. # users per TTI Min. # of DL antennas Min. # of UL antennas RxDiv Min. bandwidth Max. Tx power (dBm) Max. UE speed 50 25 4 1 1 N 20 MHz 20 < 30 km/h

Class 2 Enterprise
100 50 8 2 2 Y 20 MHz 24 < 30 km/h

Class 3 Hotspot/Metro
150 50 16 2 2 Y 20 MHz 30 >30 km/h

Class 4 Picocell
300 75 32 4 2 Y 20 MHz >30 >30 km/h

MULTI-STANDARD (3G, 4G, WIFI) SMALL CELLS

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Topics

Synergy identification FAPI-2 (APIs across 3G-4G-WiFi Modems) IRAT mobility framework System Architecture

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Potential synergy areas

Overall System Architecture
Management system sharing in multi technology environment Gateway Component sharing in multi technology environment IPSec Tunnel sharing in multi technology environment

Joint Radio Resource Management Joint Network Monitor Mode Transport Network Layer
TNL resources can be shared in multi technology environment Flexible partitioning of TNL resources between the technologies

Multi-standard AP reference baseband architecture

security
RAT independent

Data aggregation/distribution LIPA RIPA

AP-AP discovery+comms IMS CSFB

RAT abstraction layer (FAPI-2?)

GSMA oneAPI Intercom Presence Mgmt agent

Inter-RAT coordn and HO

4G incl S1/X2 FAPI

RAT dependent

3G incl.Iu-rh/TxDiv/SHO

WiFi incl.TTG

Platform dependent

Cellular baseband + RF

enet or PCIe

WiFi baseband + RF

Key enablers
GSMA oneAPI to host or interface to local services FAPI we can integrate multiple stacks on multiple (application specific) platforms The RAT abstraction layer (FAPI-2?) to allow RAT independent applications to be
hosted on a multiple cellular and wifi stacks

IRAT mobility whats new in Multi-Standard Small Cell Networks

Simplified Core for Multi-Standard Small Cell?

With a call control agent (SIP

2G-3G-4G Small Cell

User Agent) in the multistandard basestation, its possible for the basestation to decide which air-interface to use Core network becomes a pipe for authentication services and mobility Paradoxically enhances the role of the RAN in providing high quality mobile service

NETWORK GROUP ACTIVITIES

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Networks Group Focus Areas - 2011

Integrated Femto-WiFi (IFW) Networks Network Aspects of Enterprise Femto Networks Network Aspects of Open Access Femto Cells Interaction with WFA & WBA

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Networks Group Focus Areas - 2012

IFW Cells MultiTechnology (3G/4G/WiFi) Small Cells

System Architecture for MultiTechnology SCNs Edge-Based Traffic/Policy Management in SCNs Femto-WiFi Mobility in (Enterprise) SCNs Closer Interaction with WFA/WBA

Hot Spot 2.0 etc. Backhaul for Small Cells Femto Security

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INTEGRATED FEMTO-WIFI (IFW) NETWORKS

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Early work on Femto & WiFi

Femto Forum is working to help operators
use femtocells to get the best from all the available offload technologies

Femto & WiFi =

Smart & FineGrained Offload !

www.femtoforum.org http://www.femtoforum.org/femto/pdfs01.php
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2010-11 Work Item RF Coexistence between Femto & WiFi APs"

Objective
To identify and quantify the potential for interference between
collocated (1-2 feet apart) WiFi and Femtocell APs To identify the cause of interference and propose management techniques

Status
Test Plan completed & Test lab identified FAP hardware from multiple vendors Testing In Progress

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2011 Work Item: Integrated Femto & WiFi Networks

Work Item initiated in Dec 2010 Comprehensive White Paper covering all aspects of IFW
Networks (Business, Management, Traffic, Policy & Architecture) Due for completion in Feb 2012

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Structure of White Paper (1/2)

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Background 2.1. 3GPP Femto Networks 2.2. WiFi Networks 2.3. Enterprise WiFi Networks 3. Business, Deployment & Operational Scenarios of IFW-Networks 3.1. Residential IFW-Networks 3.2. Enterprise IFW-Networks 3.3. Metro IFW-Networks

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Structure of White Paper (2/2)

4. Service & Technology Aspects of IFW-Networks 4.1. Provisioning & Management 4.2. Traffic Management 4.2.1. Smart WiFi-Offloading 4.2.2. Seamless Femto-WiFi Handovers 4.2.3. Simultaneous Femto-WiFi Flow Management 4.2.4. LIPA & SIPTO for Network Offloading 4.3. Policy & Control 4.4. Architectural & Implementation Aspects 5. Standards

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FemtoCell Network Architecture

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Internet Access via WiFi Networks

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Benefits of IFW-Networks
Operator Benefits
Smart Offload - Fine grained, better controlled traffic management Increase of efficiency of licensed spectrum usage & Potential Capacity Increase Increased control of end-user experience Ability to sell flexibility to customer

User Benefits
Continuity and seamlessness Greater service functionality Cost benefit (due to reduced use of licensed spectrum) Segregate & Aggregate Femto & WiFi to offer varying grades of service or user types

Single business level strategy for managing Wi-Fi & Femto Potential reduction of cost (by decreasing the network loading) Segregate & Aggregate Femto & Wi-Fi to offer varying grades of service or user types
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Residential IFW-Networks

Operational Scenarios R1) MNO Triple Play Scenario: Femto + WiFi + BB managed by MNO R2) MNO Double Play Scenario: Femto + WiFi managed by MNO & BB by ISP R3) MNO Double Play Scenario: Femto + BB managed by MNO & WiFi by Customer

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Enterprise IFW-Networks
Operational Scenarios E1) Enterprise Femto Network (EFN) managed by MNO & Enterprise WiFi Network managed by Enterprise E2) Enterprise Femto Network (EFN) & Enterprise WiFi Network managed by MNO
3G Core Iu-CS Iu-PS

3G FGW
Iu-h

SeGW
Iu-h over or TR-069 over IPsec IPsec Broadband / Internet POP Access Network
TR-069 over SSL/TLS

Femto Provisioning Server (ACS)

Wi-Fi 3G WiFi Femtocell

Customer Edge Router Wi-Fi Controller

3G WiFi Femtocell

3G WiFi Femtocell

Enterprise Network

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Exemplary Metro-IFW Network

Operational Scenarios
Iu-CS 3G Core Iu-PS

M1) Femto/Pico & WiFi managed by a Single MNO M2) Femto/Pico of Multiple MNOs with a shared WiFi (e.g. single radio with one or more SSIDs) and likely provided by a Neutral Host
Hotspot Service Starbucks, etc.
UMTS Standard 3G Handset

3G FGW
Iu-h

SeGW
Iu-h over or TR-069 over IPsec IPsec Broadband / Internet Wi-Fi POP Controller Access Network Wi-Fi GRE Tunnel Broadband Gateway/Route r
TR-069 over SSL/TLS

Femto Provisioning Server (ACS)

3G WiFi Femto/Pico cell Wi-Fi

3G Pico Cell Wi-Fi Optional

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Provisioning of Integrated IFW devices

(HMS)

ACS

SNMP
(NMS)

delegate

(HMS)

ACS

SNMP
(NMS)

SNMP
(NMS)

Integrated IFW device

FAP

(agent)

WiFi

Integrated IFW device

Integrated IFW device

TR-069

SNMP

SNMP FAP
(agent)

SNMP FAP
(agent)

WiFi

WiFi

config

config

config
Map/ translate

config

Separate / independent config.

Proxied config.

Single protocol config.

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FAPBased Femto Services

Traffic-Flow-Management: Core Network based

Home IP Network LIPA LGW Femto-SIPTO FAP Macro-SIPTO

Cellular +WiFi UE WiFi-AP

BBM BBIPN

FGW

TOF

SGSN

GGSN

UE: User Equipment FAP: Femto Access Point WiFi-AP: WiFi Access Point BBM: Broad Band Modem BBIPN: Broad Band IP Network FGW: Femto Gateway IFW GW: Integrated Femto-WiFi Gateway

GGSN + IFW-F

Operator IP Services

TTG

TOF

PDG

WiFi-Offload

* Reuse existing solutions for IP Flow Management (IWLAN, EPC) * Share secure backhaul across Femto & WiFi
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FAPBased Femto Services

Traffic-Flow-Management: Edge-based
Home IP Network LIPA LGW Femto-SIPTO FAP Macro-SIPTO

Cellular +WiFi UE WiFi-AP

IFW-F

BBM BBIPN

FGW

TOF

SGSN

GGSN

GGSN UE: User Equipment FAP: Femto Access Point WiFi-AP: WiFi Access Point BBM: Broad Band Modem BBIPN: Broad Band IP Network FGW: Femto Gateway IFW GW: Integrated Femto-WiFi Gateway

Operator IP Services

TTG

TOF

PDG

WiFi-Offload

* Keeping Femto-WiFi Flow Management local reduces Core Network loading! * Can be useful for Enterprise IFWN to enable local policies..

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Traffic-Flow-Management: Gateway-based
FAPBased Femto Services Home IP Network

LIPA LGW Femto-SIPTO FAP Cellular +WiFi UE WiFi-AP IFW-F UE: User Equipment FAP: Femto Access Point WiFi-AP: WiFi Access Point BBM: Broad Band Modem BBIPN: Broad Band IP Network FGW: Femto Gateway IFW GW: Integrated Femto-WiFi Gateway GGSN + Anchor Operator IP Services Macro-SIPTO

BBM BBIPN

FGW

TOF

SGSN

GGSN

TTG

TOF

PDG

WiFi-Offload

* Gateway has wide visibility and can achieve Network level optimization
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IFW Policy Architecture

WiFi coverage area and Cellular coverage area of Integrated APs mostly overlap Discovery of Cellular Mode on Small Cell can be used as reliable trigger to discover WiFi and Offload.
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Related Activities
3GPP
IWLAN & EPC standards (for Non-3GPP Access & Mobility) H(e)NB standards (for Basic FemtoCells) LIPA & SIPTO standards (for Local Access & Offloading) ANDSF Standards (for Discovery, Selection & Policy) LIMONET (for LIPA Mobility), SaMOG (for Trusted WiFi), BBAI (for Broadband Network interworking)

IEEE/WFA/WBA
Hot Spot 2.0 (Discovery & Seamless Access Control)

GSMA
WLAN Task Force (2003?) WiFi Offload White Paper, April 2010 GSMA-WBA Joint Task Force WiFi Roaming White Paper, Jan 2012
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BACKHAUL FOR SMALL CELLS

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Small Cell Backhaul work item

Scope of the work item
Small cell deployment options (e.g. rural, urban, indoor shopping malls; open vs. hybrid
mode; no of users etc. Backhaul requirements for each scenario (peak and average bandwidths, latency). Case studies for deployment in at least urban and rural areas (no of small cells, density, locations). Options for small cell backhaul Wired: xDSL, fibre, Ethernet, bonded copper, cable Wireless: Unlicensed (WiFi, TVWS), Licensed (microwave, E-band, mm Wave). TDD vs. FDD, Mesh vs. P2M, Relays. Others: satellite Specific cases that have impact on backhaul Picocell backhaul options. Delivery of timing and synchronisation. WiFi integration. Multi operator small cells, shared RAN. Economics of small cell options. Site specific elements, integration with existing backhaul options, OSS and integration aspects.

High level comparison of Backhaul technologies

Throughput Pros Cons Suitable for open access femto

DSL

VDSL: 50 Mb/s; up to 100 Mb/s

High capacity

Need multiple pairs to aggregate sufficient bandwidth.

Fiber / GPON

100 Mb/s

Very high capacity

Upfront Infra structure required

HFC/Docsis Wi-Fi

30 Mb/s; 100 Mb/s Availability in some 1Gb/s 100 Mb/s markets.

Low penetration in Europe

Ease of use and installation, Quality quasi-LOS, Cost Lower cell range in Non LOS

Micro-waves 60 / 80 GHz NLOS LTE / WiMAX TDD technologies Satellite

100Mb/s up to 1Gb/s 100 Mb/s

High bandwidth, Good QoS

High cost, LoS required

QoS, Coverage No need of LoS

Expensive Spectrum availability high cost, high delay, location, QoS

variable

Rapidly deployable everywhere

FEMTO SERVICES

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Femto Services API Framework

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Class-I Applications (Tightly Integrated with FAP)

Installation via ACS, BBF PD-194?

ACS
Application1 Application2 Application3 ApplicationN

TR69

CONFIGURATION API READ/WRITE 2

CONFIGURATION API READ/WRITE 1

APP Conf Param

APP Conf Param

APP Conf Param

APP Conf Param

Mediation Agent TR69

TR69 TR69
FSP Conf Param

FEMTOZONE APIs

Femto Application Platform Data Model

FSP Conf Param

FSP Conf Param

Femtocell
Femtocell Data Model TR196
Femto Conf Param Femto Conf Param Femto Conf Param Femto Conf Param

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Class-II Applications (Loosely Integrated with FAP)

Installation via ACS, BBF PD-194? Requires Authentication and Certification

ACS
Application1 Application2 Application3 Application4

TR69
APP Conf Param
CONFIGURATION API WRITE

APP Conf Param

APP Conf Param

APP Conf Param

Mediation Agent TR69

TR69 TR69

Sandbox
FEMTOZONE APIs CONFIGURATION API READ

Sandbox
FEMTOZONE APIs

Sandbox
FEMTOZONE APIs

Sandbox
FEMTOZONE APIs

FSP Conf Param

FSP Conf Param

FSP Conf Param

Femto Application Platform Data Model

Femtocell
CONFIGURATION API READ

Femtocell Data Model TR196

Femto Conf Param

Femto Conf Param

Femto Conf Param

Femto Conf Param

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Class-III Applications (External to FAP)

Installation Still Requires Authentication and Certification of Applications Application1 Application2
APP Conf Param

Application3
APP Conf Param

Application4
APP Conf Param

ACS TR69

APP Conf Param

HGW

FEMTOZONE APIs CONFIGURATION API WRITE

FEMTOZONE APIs

FEMTOZONE APIs

FEMTOZONE APIs

Mediation Agent TR69

TR69 TR69

Sandbox or Usage Limits

Sandbox or Usage Limits

Sandbox or Usage Limits

Sandbox or Usage Limits

CONFIGURATION API READ

FSP Conf Param

FSP Conf Param

FSP Conf Param

Femto Application Platform Data Model

Femtocell
CONFIGURATION API READ

Femtocell Data Model TR196

Femto Conf Param

Femto Conf Param

Femto Conf Param

Femto Conf Param

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Types of Femto-APIs: 1/3

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Types of Femto-APIs: 2/3

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Types of Femto-APIs: 3/3

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Femto-Awareness Application Example

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APIs being defined

Priority 1: Presence API (UE OS dependent; GSM Rel10 vs. Legacy) Rich Location API Radio Parameters API Service Discovery API Authentication API Priority 2: Redirection API Configuration API Initialization API Terminal Status API (easy) Utility API

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