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Haconuc 3a KibHmeBHOCT, yMeTHOCT h HyjiTypy ToAHHa 13. jyJin-0KT06ap 1986.
PeflaHUMja:
MnflnjaH MH/iouieBHti, PaflojKo HMKOJiMfi, MmieHHO FlajHti, MnjiocaB MapnHOBMft h BpaHHO KyHHti
TpaAau M3Jia3M mecT nyTa roAMUJH>e / ABOMeceMHMM CBecKaMa. roAM LUhfaa npeTnjiaia 3.000 AMHapa. J+lnpo panyH: 61300-603-981 (3a TpaAau) A om KyjiType HaMaK. H3Aaje A om KyjiType HanaK, Tpr ycTaHKa 1. LLlTaMna PO Ky/iTypa OOyP C/io6oAaH JoBMti , EeorpaA, CTOjaHa flpoTMfia 52. PyKonMce cjiaTM Ha aApecy: A om HyjiType HanaK, peAaKUMja Haconnca rpa^an, Tpr ycTaHKa 1, 32000 HanaK. TeJiecfjoH peAaK^Mje 42263. PyKonMCM ce He Bpatiajy. Ha 0CH0By MMmjbeH>a Peny6jiM4Kor cenpeTapMjaTa 3a HyjiTypy CP Cp6Mje 6poj 413-572/74-02 oa 5. OKTodpa 1975. roAMHe, He njiafia ce nope3 Ha npoMeT.
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M3AaBaMHH caBeT:
T p o s A a H a K o M a A M H n ti, Mnjia E a H H ti, A p a r o j b y 6 Cy6o TM ti (n p e A c e A H M K ), M M JioBaH B y jio B M h , T io p f je li,ajn t i, M n n H ja H M H Jio m e B H ti, f lo 6 p n B o je E jia ro je B M ti, A p a r n t i TiM pHO BHti m E p a H H o KyHM ti
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rhoctmhkm TeHCTOBM (AnoKannnca no Aflawy, IImcmo EyrHOCTOBO, JeBaHfjejbe M CTHHe, PacnpaBa o BacK pceH by) 5 XaHC JoHac OApetjMBaibe Tnnojioiukm x 11 MCTopujcKMx rpaHMija mocTMHKor (JjeHOMeHa 1 1 T. n. BaH EapeH Ka Ae4>MHMu,njM rH0CT<^M3M a 28 E H flp e cJjoh H B a H K a P e jiM ru ja , cj)Mji030cj5Mja m mo3MC 31 yro EjaHKM IlpoSjieM napenna rH0C TM u,M 3M a 35 XajHpMX LUjiM p TH03a 45 Tiyjiwja CcjaaM eHM racnapo O m ctopm jm rH0CTM M K M x yTM u;aja 52 HMKO^aj EeptjajeB Te o c o c fjM ja m thocmc 60 H -S m ji KBMcnen rH03Mc m ncMxojiorMja 67 KapcTeH Kojine M3a30B rHOCTM M Ke m m chm 3a c | jm no3ocJ)M jy, aJixe M M jy m jiMTepaTypy 76 EpHCT ToriM M MapHCM3aM m thosmc 90 Cy3aH AwMM a Tay6ec rH O C TM H H e OCHOBe HMXMJ1M3M3 106 X. Q. Lilenapfl THOCTM 4M 3aM m a jixe M M ja 117 HIm ji Kbm cneji X e p M a H X e c e m mo3M c 128 M3bopm 137
HjiycTpauMja na KopMi^aMa: Ha npBOj: 3MMja ca ceflM03paK0M KpyHOM (m oCTMMKa reMa) X N O V M IC , 3MMja ca jiaBJbOM rjiaBOM m ABaHaecT 3pana M3HaA HipTBeHor KaMeHa (m oCTMMKM aM yjie T)
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A u o m A u iic a uo A g a tu y
OTKpoBeFbe Koje j e A ^a M y c e A a M C T 0 T 0 j rO '
Amhm c a o n iu T H o C B O M e CM Hy C e T y peKaBiun: ll0 M y j M o je peMM, CM He C eTe! K a^a M e je T o c n o A c tb o p m o o a 3 e M Jb e 3 a je A H O c a t b o jo M M ajK O M E b o m , x o f la o ca M c a h^om y 6 jia -
w eHCTBy Koje je BMflejia y eoHy (mjim: Kpo3 eoH) M3 Kora c m o noTeK .nM . C a o n m T M J ia mm je p e n ca 3H a h ba BC-iMTor Bora. M Hac ABoje 6mjim c m o n o n y T y3BMiueHMX b o h m tm x anY)ena. Je p , 6mjim c m o y3BMLueHMjM oa T o c n o A a KojM H a c j e c t b o p m o m Ofl CMJia Koje 6 e x y c a HbMM, Kora h m cm o 3H3J1M. T a ^ a Hac To cn o A , a p x o H T e o H a m CMJia, p a 3 A B O jM y m e B y c b o M e . f l o c T a A o c M o A ^ a e o H a , a 6jiaweHCTB0 K o je 6 e m e y Ham M M cpu,M M a HanycTM H a c , M e H e m T B O jy MajKy EBy, Kao m n p B O c a 3 H a Hbe mTO ce po^M y HaMa. M TaKO H a c oho i6 ^ a m e H C T B o ) H a n y c T M m n p e f je y Be/iMKe
f e o ] H e [m a H tie jie . A jim c a 3 H a H b e ] K o je HMje
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t o j e n 0 T 0 M C T B 0 BejiM K e p a hbe. r i o c j i e tm x A a H a ,
BeHM TO c a 3 H a h b e Bora MCTMHe 6 e m e A a/ieK O o a M e H e m T B O je M a jK e E B e . O a T o r B p e M e H a , npMMa/iM c m o H a y K o m ptbm m C TB a p M M a K ao jb y A M . T a ^ a c m o cno3H a/iM Bora kojm Hac je c t b o p m o , j e p HaM H e 6 e x y H e n o 3 H a T e Hbero-
Mo, MMcao Morp rpn.n Raiiic yrMynfl .l(=>p. rmAex npefl co6om tpm HOBena HMje jiMKOBe He Morax npeno3HaTM, nomTO ohm He 6 e xy oa cv\na TocnoA a luto [H a c ctbopm , je p npMpoAom cB o joM ] 6 e xy M3Hafl [ohm x Koje ca M ] paHMje BMAeo. [flom/iM c y ] m [npMKa3a n \ A mm c e ] roBopefiM: ,,ripo6yAM ce, AflaM e, M3 CHa caM pTHor. M nonyj o eoHy m n0T0M CTBy HOBeKa KOMe je Aom ao wm bot, KojM je noTenao oa Te6e m EBe, APym6eHMu,e TB oje . KaAa 3anyx OBe peHM oa tmx Be/iMKMX jb ypv\ mTO C Tajaxy Kpaj MeHe, 3aBanMCMO, ja m Ebo. y cpu,nMa HamMM. A To c n o A B or koj'm Hac je ctbopm o CTaAe npeA Hac m pene hbm : ,,A A a Me, 3aiuT0 BanMTe y cpu,MMa BamMM? 3 a p He 3HaTe Aa caM ja B or KojM Bac ctbopm ? M ja caM Taj kojm je yAaxH yo >kmbot BamMM A yL u a M a . T a ^ a ce Ha H a m e ohm cnycTM TaMa. riOTOM B or KOJM Hac je CTBOpMO CTBOpM
[ . . . ] M3 ce 6e , [T e p e n e ]: ,,Ja caM [T o c n o A Bor m A P yro ra HeMa. Ajim bm CTe 3eM/ba m] 6MfieTe [h o h o b o 3eM Jba], tm m [TB o ja weHa E B a ]. [ y ] MMCJiMMa [m y ] c [p u ,y cb o m ] o ce tmx c/iaTKy we/by 3a tbo jom MajKOM. T a ^ a UBeT n am er BeHHor ca3Hahba yBeHy y HaMa. M o6y3e Hac cjia 6o cT M CTora HaM ocTaA e Ma/io Aana p,a nomMBMMo. Je p , cno3Hax Aa caM nao y cymahbCTBo cmptm. Ajim caAa tiy tm, CMHe C e T e , otkpmtm LUTa c y mm caonmTMJiM ohm JbyAM m To ce npeAa mhom paHMje npMKa3axy: Ka^a MojMM AaHMMa n [o b o j reHepau,MjM] Aot}e Kpaj, Ta ^a [tie AotiM H o ]je , cjiyra [T o c n o A a Bora kojm Hac ctbopm . H HacTatie n o T o n ]. Je p , npBO tie CBeMorytiM [ B o r ] noc/iain BejiMKe Knme [A a 6m] ca Tp o CBe JbyAe Ha 3eMJbM y n o To n y, m [o H e ] KojM c y n0T0MCTB0 HOBena mTO je npbm cno3Hao [o TK p o B e b te ] noTeKJio o a TBoje MajKe EBe. Je p , [o h m ] 3a hbera (B o ra ) HMcy SHaJlM. 3aTMM tie ce nojaBMTM BejiMKM aHtjejiM y o6jiau,MMa Ha He6y. Ohm tie npMMMTM OBe JbyAe TaMO r^ e je A yx [ BeHHor] mMBOTa [ h o AOCTaje o k o MeTMpn p e fla ]. [BMtie mm npeHeTO 6jiameHCTBO tmx eoHa . . . ] tie ce [c n y ctm tm ] ca He6a Ha 3eMJby [m ] HMTaBO [m h o lu tb o ] jbyAM n p o ryTa tie [B O A a ]. T a ^ a tie ce m e s To cn o A a CTMmaTM, m oh tie CBojy Moli Ka boam ynpaBMTM. M [6 M fie ] cnaceHM H o [ j e ] m cmhobm HaeroBM m meHe hbMX0 Be y 6apu,M, 3ajeAHO ca MMBOTMi-baMa 'rnTO mv Ap a re 6 e xy m nTMu,aMa M3 Ba3Ayxa mTO mx no3Ba. rioBeo mx je ao KonHa. M petiM tie To cn o A H o jy , Kora tie reHepau,Mje 3BaTM ..A e ^ K a jiM o n " : Tjie , cn aca o caM Te y 6apu,M ca HteHOM TBOJOM M CMH0BMM3 m weHaM a, 3ajeAH o ca ctokom HbMXOBOM m nTMu,aMa [n e 6ecKMM] mTO mx tm no3Ba [n e flo c T a je oko MeTwpw p e fla ]. ,,3 a io fiy tm npe,a,aTM 3eM/by, Te6'/l M CMHOBMMa TBOJMM. Tm fiem BpXOBHy BJiaCT MM3TM, TM M TBOjM CMHOBM. M CBM tie jfcyAM ocTaTM 6e3 n0T0MCTBa koj'h Me He 6y~ A y nomTOBajiM. T a ^ a tie ohm nocTaTM HajiMK o6jiau,MMa BejiMKe CBeTji0CTM. flofiM tie JbyAa kojm 6 e ja x y oABojeHM casHahbeM BejiMKMx eoHa m aHtiejia. C Ta tie npeA H oja m eoHe. H To cn o A tie petiM H o jy : ,,3am TO hmcm nocTynMO Kao mTo caM tm penao? Ctbopm o cm HOBy reHepau,Mjy Aa 6m HMnoAamTaBao M ojy Moti. T a ^ a tie H o je oatobopm tm : ..flocBeAO -
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Hwfiy npeA tbojom Motin p,a OBa reH epam ija H nje riOTeK/ia [o a M eH e] hhtm [o a Moje Aeu,e, Beti oa B ennTor Bora MCTMHe m o a c a 3 ] HaHba." M [ o h ] fie [o c/io 6 o a h tm ] Te JbyAe m OABecTM nx y HaMXOBy 3eM/by, npnKJiaAHy 3a H3MX, h TaMO tie mm carpaAHTM CBeTO 6opaBMiuTe. Bntie Ha3B3HH tmm MMeHOM, m nom nBetie TaMO 600 roAMHa 3Hajytin caMO 3a 6 e cm p th o c t. A ca HaMMa tie 6mth aHtje/in Be/iMKe CBeTji0CTn. H m u Ta cpaMOTHO Hetie yfiM y \ b v \ X0Ba cp u a , caMO casHahbe B ora. T a ^ a tie H o je noAejiMTM HMTaBy 3eMJby cBojMM cmhoBiiMa XaM y, Jacj3eTy m IU eM y. Petin tie mm: ,frioM yjTe Moje peMM, cmhobh Mojn! TAe, no~ Aejino caM 3eMJby BaMa Tpojm ^n. 0 6 p a t)y jT e je y CTpaxy m cywahbCTBy HMTaBor mnBOTa. H e A o n ycTH Te Aa ce Baiue riOTOMCTBO OKpene oa CBeM orytier ro c n o A a , [ j e p ] ja m Bam [6 p a T H le ]M [c jiym nM O My. O h je B or Kojn Hac je C T B o p n o ]. [T a ^ a tie LLIeM], cmh H o je B [p e t i n ]: ,,[ M o j n ] tie n 0T 0 Mu,n m nBeTM y cpetin m 3 aAOBOJbCTBy n o A TB0j0M BJiaAaBMhom. B/iaAaj mbpctom pyKOM n y/inj mm CTpaX0n0iuT0BaHDe; je p , mmt3bo Moje fio to m ctb o Hetie ce OKpeHyTM oa Te 6 e m CBeM orytier B ora, Beti tie n 0 HM3 H0 c/iyw nTM y C Tpaxy oa T o r ca3HaH>a. OHA,a tie Aotin m A p y rn , noto m c tb o XaM a n Jac}3e Ta . PoAntie ce 400 000 JbyAM, n OTntin tie y A P y r y 3eM/by m tbm o s+imBeTM ca /byAMMa KojM c y noTeK/iM oa y3BMrneHor BeMHor ca3Hahba; je p , ceHKa hbMXOBe MotiM caMyBatie mx o a CBaKor 3/ia m cbmx noPohhmx me/ba. T a ^ a tie n 0T 0 Mu,M XaM a m JacfDeTa o ch o b3tm ABaHaecT uapcTaB a. 1 / 1 npetiM tie y [3eM /by] APyrMX sbypv\ [H e flo cTa je oho a b s pefla] . . . [A e / ia ] Koja c y MpTBa, H acynpoT [h3Mxobom] Be/iMKOM 6ecMpTHOM eoHy. M notiM tie CBOMe 6 o ry CaK/iacy. ripMtiM tie cmjiaMa, onTy>KyjytiM Be/iMKe JbyAe KojM c y y FbMXOBOM 6jia}KeHCTBy. PetiM tie C aK jia cy: ,,HaKBa je Moti obmx JbyAM iuto n p e A to 6om c To je , kojm c y y3eTM M3 noTOMCTBa XaM a m Jac{3eTa 6Mtie mx 4 0 0 [0 0 0 ] sbypw, OABeAehm c y y ApyrM eoH M3 e o H a OAaKjie c y n o T e kjim, m M3 o n a n M jiM c y cBe 6jiameHCTBO T B o j e MotiM m TBOjy B/iacT; je p , iio to m ctb o HojeBO je npeno HberoBor cMHa npey3e/io y u,e/iocTM TB ojy BjiacT ca cbmm cMJiaMa y eoHMMa koJmM a BjiaAaiu, 1 / 1 tm JbyAM, 3ajeAHO ca OHMMa lu to 6opaBe y 6jiaw eH CTBy h.mxobom, HMcy
MMHM/IM no TBOjOj BOJbM Beti Cy MMT3B0 TO m holutbo OTyt]MJiM o a Te 6 e . T a ^ a tie T o c noA eoHa noAapMTM OHMMa KojM ra c jiy w e [t 3 k o u jt o ] c/ieAe BaTpeHM Te p e T. Ohm tie CTMtiM a o 3eMJbe y kojoj c y BejiMKM JbyAM ujTO He ynajbaxy c e 6e hmtm tie ce ynajbaTM 6mjio KaKBMM w ejbaM a; je p A y i u y hbMX0By hmje cTBopMJia ywasbawa pyKa, Beti je OHa nocTajia y3BMLueHOM 3anoBem tiy je A H o r BenHor aHtiejia. T a ^ a tie ce Ha HdMx cpyHMTM BaTpa, cyM n op m KaTpaH, a BaTpa m TaMa npeKpntie Te eoHe, m ohm CMJia M/iyMMHaTopa noMpaHMtie ce . M eoHM mx T a ^ a Hetie BMAeTM. M cnycTM tie ce Be/iMKM o6/iai4,M CBeT/i0CTM, a ApyrM o6/ia4M cbbtjioctm AotiM tie 3a HjMMb o a BejiMKMx e o H a . A 6 p a K c a c m Ca6jip_M TaMajiMjeji CMtiM tie m M36aBMTM Te JbyAe M3 BaTp e m o a m e B a , m oABem tie mx Aa/ieno M3HaA aufiena m AOMamaja CMJia, m [ocJio 6 o A M tie ] MX M [nOA.apMTM MM BeHHO 6jiaw eH C TB O ] WMBOTa, [m o h m ] tie npMMMTM [M o ti] e o n a . [BecM pTHM eoH je npe6MBajiMmTe tmx BejiMkmx cBeTJiocTM ] m CBeTMx an\)ena m e o H a . /byAM tie 6mtm h3jimk tmm a\\t]env\ua, je p ohm mm HMcy Heno3HaTM, Beti A e / i a j y Mef}y 6 e cM pT H M M nOTOMCTBOM.
T a ^ a tie riOHOBO MjiyMMHaTop ca3Hahba npotiM no TpetiM n yT y BejiMKOM 6jia*KeHCTBy Aa 6m canyBao A eo riOTOMCTBa H o je B o r m CMHOBa XaM a m JacfjeTa, Aa 6m oct3bm o ce6M APBetie lu to pafja njioAOBe. M oh tie M36aBMtm i-bMXOBe A yu je o a cmptm, je p tie cBe lu to Oeme ca3AaH0 oa MpTBe 3eMJbe 6mtm hoa Bjiam tiy cmptm. Ajim ohm KojM MMCJie Ha ca3HaFbe BeHMTor Bora y CBojMM cpu,MMa Hetie nponacTM, je p HMcy npMMMJiM A y x M3 T o r mcT o r u,apcTBa Beti o a je A H o r BeHHor aHtie/ia. [ M ] MjiyMMHaTop [ca3HaHba cM ecTa tie cntiM H a] MpTBy [3eM Jby m MMrocaTM j e ] mmchom CeTOBMM (mjim: y MMe C e T a ), m cTBapatie 3HaMeH^a m nyAa Aa 6m nocpaMMO HaMXOBe cmjie m apxoH Te. T a ^ a tie ce B or CMJia y3HeMMPmtm m pefiM: ,,KaKBa je Mofi T o r HOBena KojM je y3BMUieHMjM o a Hac? T a ^ a tie noACTatiM BejiMKM m e B npoTMB T o r HOBeKa. l/I 6jiaw eH c tb o fie npofiM m npe6MBaTM y CBeTMM KyfiaMa Koje je ce6M 0Aa6paji0, a cMjie ra Hefie BMAeTM CBOjMM OHMMa, HMTM fie BMAeTM i/1jiyMMHaTopa. T a ^ a fie Ka3HMTM Te/io HOBeKa Ha Kora je npernao CBeTM A y x . FIotom fie aHfje/iM m cBe reHepauiMje CM/ia t o MMe CMaT-
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p a ziaj+iHMM, m ro B o p n lie : OAaKJie AOJia* 3M Ta npeBapa, oaaKJie c y Te npnTBopHe peh h , liiTO HkijeAHa cm ia Hiije O TKpm ia?
ripBO ^apcTBO Tafla [p e n e o HjeMy: FloTeKao je o a Bora, je A H o r cB e To r y3B m ueHor u ,ap cTB a ]. Je ^a H A y x [r a je y 3 H e o ] a o He6a. OflrajaH je Ha HeSecnM a, npnM no je 6jiaweHCTBO m Moti HDMXOBy. flo iu a o je Ha rpyAMMa CBoje Majne, m TaKo je n p n cn e o MAytin no b o a m . Ajim A p y ro u,apcTBO o HbeMy H aw e: Ilo TeKao je oa jeA H o r BejinKor npopoKa. M a o tje je ^H a nTnu,a (n ) y3e HOBopotieHHe (n ) OAHece ra Ha je A H y BMCOKy ruiaHMHy. O A ra jnjia ra je Ta nTnu,a He6ecKa. JeAaH aHtieo Aofje TaMO n pene [ M y ] : ,ycTaHM! B o r th je noAapno 6 jiaw eH C TBo! ripnM no je 6 jia w e n c tb o m CHary, m TaKO je Aoiuao MAytin no b o a h . Tp e tie uapcTBo Kame o HjeMy: llo Te K a o je H3 AeBMHaHCKe y Tp o 6 e ; 6mo je MCTepaH M3 CBora rpaAa, 3ajeAHO ca CBojoM MajKOM, m oABeAeH je Ha jeAHO MecTO y nycTMH3H. Ty je w nB eo caM. flo iu a o je , npnM no 6jiaKieHc tb o m CHary, m TaKO je A om ao MAytin no boam." [M e T B p To ] L^apcTBO Kame [ o H3eMy]: rio Te K a o je o a [AeBMU,e. 3 a n ejia ra je y noTajn. C ] o j io [ m o h jy je n p o ro H H o ], o h m
ft> e p c a jii/ ic
aHtiejin AHTeoHa. T y je npMMno 6jiaweHCTBo m CHary, m tb k o je Aouiao MAytin no boam." CeAM O u,apcTBO Kawe o HjeMy: ,,Oh je Kan. C m u a o je ca He6 a Ha 3eMJby, oArajaH je y netiMHaMa 3MajeBa, nocTa o je AeTe. JeAaH A yx Hant^e Ha hbera (m) y3H ece ra y bhcnHe, a o MecTa ca Kora je noTeKJia Kan. Ty je npnM no 6jiaweHCTBO m CHary, m TaKO je AOLuao MAyt>M no boam. O cm o uapcTBO Kame o LbeMy: JeAaH 06jiaK cnycTM ce Ha 3eMJby. ripeHpno je je A Hy CTeHy. Oh je noTenao o a Hse. [A H ti]e jiw lu to npe 6n B a jy M 3[H a A ] o6jiaKa O Arajnm e ra. [llp n M n o je ] 6 ji[a w eH C TB O m CHary TaMO, m T3K0 j e ] AOLuao [M Aytin no b o a m ]. fle B e To u,apcTBO Kawe o HbeMy: JeA H a o a AeB eT rin ep n A a (M y 3 a ) OABOjn ce oa ocTajinx. flo u jjia je a o jeAH e BMCOKe njiaHMHe. ripoBejia je Heno BpeMe ceAetin TaMO. rio^ e jie jia je ce 6e caM y, m Aa nocTaH e a b o nojiHa. l/IcnyHHJia je ce6n w e jb y ; o a Te m eJbe je 3anejia m oh ce poamo. [A H ]tie jin Kojn 6 e xy H3H8A Te w ejb e o A ra jm u e ra. T y je n pnmmo 6jiaweHCTBO m CHary, n Tano je Aouiao MAytin no b o a h ." ^eceTO u,apcTBO Kame o HbeMy: ,,1-beroB TocnoA Bojieo je je^aH o 6jiaK wejbe. 3aneo ra je y CBojoj pyu,n, n 6 au,vio nan Ha o 6jiaK Kojn 6 euie AaJieuo oa Lbera, m oh 6 m potieH. Ty je npnMno 6jiameHCTBO m CHary, m Tano je Aomao MAytin no boah.
JeA a H a e cTo ^a p cTB o Kaw e: O Taij, now e jie CBojy [c o n c T B e H y ] Ktin. O H a 3awe [ o a ] CBora oLja. OcTaBHJia je [c B o je A e T e ] y jeAHoj netiMHM y nycTMHjM. TaMO ra je o a rajno jeAaH aHtieo. M t3 k o je Aouiao MAytin no boa m flBaH aecTO u,apcTBO Kame o H.eMy: ,,rioTenao je o a ABa miyMMHaTopa. TaM o je 6mo OArajaH. n p n M n o je 6jiaweHCTBO m CHary, n t3 k o je Aom ao MAytiM no b o a h . Tp n H a e cTo i^apcTBO Kawe o HbeMy: C B a ko potieLbe LbnxoBor A p xo H Ta [ j e ] Jioroc. H oBaj jio ro c tbm o n3AaAe 3anoBecT. PIpnMno je 6jiaweHCTBO m CHary, m tb k o je Aornao MAytin no boah Aa 6m mejbn tmx cnjia 6n.no yAOBOJbeHO. reH epa^M ja 6e3 npajba Kaw e: f o c n o A ra je M3a6pao M etiy cbhm eoHHMa. Vmmhmo je Aa ce Kpo3 hbera c tb o p h ca3HaHDe ohmx Kojn c y HeonajbaHe MCTMHe. O h o p e n e: [Bejin-
1 / 1 C a j^ n
m m f ir n R f i
R o jn K f i
K O je
c y cjiajin 3 a HdOm. Ajim C ojiom oh nocjia CBojy BOjcKy AOMOHa y n o Tp a ry 3a aobmu.om. H ne Hatiome OHy Kojy c y Tpa^KHJin, Beti AOBeAOiue AeBnu,y Koja hm 6 h n peA aTa. Cojiom oh je y 3 e. fleBHu,a je 3 anejia. T y je poAHJia A e Te . O A raja jia ra je y jeAHOM KjiaHU,y y nycTMH,n. MaAa je oA pacTao, npnMHo je 6 jiaw eH CTB 0 m CHary oa ceMeHa KojMM je 3aneT, m TaKO je Aom ao h aytin no boam.1 ' fleTO u,apcTBO Kawe o FbeMy: floTeK ao je oa Kann ca He6eca. BaneH je y Mope. M o p c n e Ay6nH e ra y3eLue k ce 6 n . M o p e ra 3ane v \ y3Hece a o He6a. ripnM no je 6 jia w e n c tb o m cH ary, n tb k o je [A o m a o ] MAytin [n o boam )." LLIecTO [u,apcTBO Kawe o HbeMy: rio Te Kao j e ] oa jeA H o r [e o H a ] Kojn je AOJie, Aa 6m Morao [6 p a T n ] LLBetie. O a i+tejbe u,Befia eoH je 3aneo. PotieH je tbm o. O A ra jm in c y ra
h h ] MjiyMWHaTop floiiiao je M3 Aa/ieKnx cc|3epa, [ n 3 j e f l H o r ] Be/iMKor e oHa. [ Y m m h m o je A a r ] e H e p [ a L j n j a ] t h x /byfln npocBeT/in OHe l u t o je o h 0 A a 6 p a 0 , t b k o p,a o b m npocBe T/ie MMT3B eOH. T a ^ a tie ce i i o t o m c t b o c y K o6 nTM ca o b o m CMJIOM, OHM KOjM tle FipHMMTM hberOBO HMe na boam n o a c b h x HdMX. M o6jiaK T a M e c n y CTnfie c e Ha 4jMx. Tafla tie HapoAM rjiacHO noBMKaTM: MB j i a w e H a j e A y u j a tmx JbyflM, j e p ohm c y yMCTMHy cno3HajiM Bora. Ohm fie m n BeTM 3ayBeK, j e p mx HMje yHMLUTMjia hbMX0Ba me/ba hmtm m e jba aHtiejia, hmtm c y m3bplumjim ^ e j i o cmji. CTaja jiM c y np e fl h>mm y ca3Hahby Bora hbjimk cB e TjiocTM u j t o M3BMpe M3 B a T p e M KpBM. AJIM MM CMO CBe yMMHMJlM y 6e3yMHOCTM CMJia. IIohocmjim cm o c e 6 e 3 a KOFbeM HaiiiMx flejia [ . . . ] npoTMB [ . . . ] . l-beroBa c y flejia [ m c t m h c k 3 ] a [h beroB e o H ] je BeMMT. Ajim t o c y y T B a p e . J e p , capa cm o cxb3tmjim a a tie Hauje A y u i e CMrypHO y M p e tm . T a fla a o i-bMx f lo n p e jeflaH rjia c m peMe: MMLueBe, M M u ia p e m M H e 3 M H y c e , bm KOjM CTe M3H3/], C B e TO r KpLUTehba M hKMBe BOfle, 3aLUTO fl03MBaTe mMBor Bora rjiacoBMMa u jt o ce He n o K o p a B a j y 3 a K 0 H y m je3MU,MMa KojMMa HMKanaB 33K0H HMje flaT, m A y m a M a lu t o c y n y H e kpbm m npjbaBMx [ f l e j i a ] ? Je p , nyHM c t q A e jia lu t o He npM na fla jy mctmhm, ajiM c e Ba3p,a BecejiMTe m cjiaBMTe. YKajbajiM CTe BOfly i+iMBOTa, m yBejiM je y H y T a p BOJbe cmji, y mmje CTe p y n e n p e ^ a T M A a mm c/iywMTe. M BaLLia MMCaO HMje HaJIMK MMCJIM OHMX Jby^M KOje n p o [ r o H M ] ) T e [ 3 a T 0 lu t o HMcy cjiymajiM BaLue] w e j b e [m T e CMJie m a H f je jie ] [H e f l o c T a je o k o A B a p e f l a ] . Hdmxobm njiOflOBM Hefie yBeHyTM , Befi fie c e 3a HdMx 3H3tm CBe a o BejiMKMX e o H a : peMM Bora e oHa, Koje c y caHyBaHe, HMcy 3anMcaHe y khdM3m hmtm c y 3a6ejiehKeHe, ajiM A O H e tie mx ( a H t ie o c K a ) 6Mtia Koja CBe reHepau,Mje Jbyp,v\ Hefie 3H3tm. Je p , OHM fie 6MTM Ha BMCOKOj nJiaHMHM, Ha CTeHM MCTMHe. 3 a T O fie MX Ha3B3TM ,peMM 6 e C M p T hoctm [m ] MCTMHe' ohm u jto n o 3 H a jy BOMHOr Bora M y A p o m t iy ca3Hahba m Kpo3 yMehbe antiejia 3ayBeK; jep , oh 3Ha cBe cTBapM ." T o je OTKpoBehbe Koje je A ^ a M caonuiTMO CBOMe cMHy C e T y , a ibe roB cmh ra je npeHeo cBOMe n0T0M CTBy. T o je TajHO 3Hahbe AflaMOBO Koje je noflapMO C e T y lu to je CBeTO KpLUTeHbe OHMX KOjM C n 0 3 H a jy BeMHO
ca3Hahbe n p e n o ohmx luto c y oa jio ro ca potieHM M HeyHMUJTMBMX MJiyMMH3T0pa LUTO noTMMy o/i, c B e T o r riOTOMCTBa [J ]e c e y c a , [M a 3 ]a p e y [c a , J e c e ]A e K e y [c a . . . ] , KojM [ c y CBeTM ]. A n [o K a jiM ]n c a no A [f la M y ].
IT u c m o E yln o c u io e o
BjiameHM E y m o c T n o p y n y j e CBOjMMa: B e ce jiMTe ce TOMe lu t o 3H a Te ^ a c y cbm jbyAM KojM c y 3aMeTM ofl HacTaHKa CB eTa a o panac n o c T a j m n p a x HacTOjetiM p,a OTKpMjy ujTa je Bor m KanaB je o h . HMcy t o otkpmjim. H a jMyflpMjM M etiy hbMMa noK ym aBajiM c y p,a p,on p y a o MCTMHe Ha 0 C H 0 B y y c T p o j c T B a 0 B 0 r a CB eTa. M Ta pa3MMmjbaiba HMcy OTKpMjia mcT M H y ; je p , y n o rjie fly T o r a y c T p o j c T B a cbm cJdMJI030Cjl)M M3HOCe TPM TBpflHDe. O T y f l a He M o r y A a ce y c a r j i a c e . Je p , HeKM Metiy hbMMa K a w y p,a OBaj c B e T caM co 6 o m y npaBJba, ne km p,a je oh npoBMfjeH.e, a HeKM naK ^ a je oh He m TO u jt o je np eflO flpefjeHO p,a c e AecM. A c B e T HMje HMmTa o a T o r a . H M je ^ H a o a ob o TpM TBpflhbe Ko je n o M e H y x He o f lro B a p a mctmhm. Je p , o h o mTO noTMHe op, ce 6e ca M o ra er3MCTMpa y npa 3 H 0 M . flpoBMtieHDe je rjiy n o c T , a o h o m TO cjieflM H e n o 3 H a T o HaM je. O H aj, flaKJie, KojM je y CTahby p,a A o n p e a o p e m e i b a OBe tpm TBpflhbe Koje caM n o M e H y o , p,a A o n p e a o hbera n o M o tiy HeKe HOBe tbpa* hbe m OTKpMje B o ra MCTMHe, T e p,a ycarjiacM CBe CTBapM Koje c e Ha hbera o flH o c e , Taj je HOBeK 6 e c M p T a H npeMfla je 0 K p y w e H OHMMa KojM fie yM peTM . F-Bera KojM je HeoriMCMB hmjeflHa CMJia HMje cn o3 H a jia , HMje^Ha BjiacT HMTM OHM KOjM c y nOTHMhbeHM, HMTM 6mjio KojM c t b o p o a HacTaHKa CB eTa, M3y3eB hbera c a M o r. Je p , oh je 6 e c M p T a H , BenaH
m
He-
3 a n e T. Je p , c b 3 k o ko j e 3 a n e T M opa H ecTaTM . O h je He 3 a n e T m HeMa n o n e T K a . Je p , c b 3 k o ko MMa n o n e T a K MMa m Kpaj. Hmko HbeMy He 3 a n o B e A a , oh je 6e3MMeH. Je p , 0 H 0 ra ko MMa MMe c t b o p m o je HeKO A p yrM . O
h
je 6e3MMeH,
[9 ]
ko nMa ^ ,0 ,0 ^ 0 o6jiMHje ctbopm o je hcko A p yrn . HaeroB je /ihk caMO FberoB, HMje Kao /imk Kojn je HaMa AOAe/beH m /im Kojn cmo bhAe/iM; Taj je /imk ApyraHMjM n ,a,a/ieKO M3HaA cbmx CTBapn, y3BHiueHMjn je oa CBera luto n ocTojn . O h rnepa Ha CBe CTpaHe, a bmam jeAMHo ce6e caM ora. O h je 6ecKpajaH, HecxBaT/bMB, 6ecM pTaH, n HeMa HMKora ko 6 n My 6mo Ha/iMK. O h je Ba3fla flo6ap, 6e3 MaHa, oh Tp a je . HenojMrt.MBO je 6/iaweH oHaj ho no3Haje ce 6e caM ora. HeMep/bMB je , HeAOKyHMB, caBpm eH, 6yflyfiM fla HeMa HeAOCTaTaKa. hberoBo je 6/iaj+teHCTBO 6ecMpTHO. 3 o B y ra OTau, CBM jy . rip e Hero lu to ce 6m,io Koja BM^/bMBa cTBap nojaBM/ia, y3BMmeh o c t m MofiM 6exy y hbeMy; oh B/ia^a cbmm uito nocTojM, a hmko He B/ia^a hbMMe. Je p , oh je CBeKO/iMKM Ym , MMcao, ripoMMUj/baHDe, V lyflpocT, Pa3yM m M ofi. C B e c y to CM/ie jeflHane Metiy co6om , m3bopm CBera lu to nocTOjm, m HMTaBa HdMxob3 paca CBe a o caM or Kpaja er3MCTMpa y npBOM ca3HaHjy He3aneTor. Je p , Ka/i,a jorn HMjeflHa oa i+.m x HMje 6 m a CTBopeHa, nocToja/ia je pa3/iMKa Met]y 6 e cMpTHMM eOHMMa. FIOCMaTpajMO T0 OBaKO: CBe liiTO je HacTa/io M3 yHMiuTei-ba tie HecT3TM, je p CTBOpeHO je M3 yHMLUTehba. O h o luto je HacTa/io M3 HeyHMLUTMBocTM Hefie HeCTaTM, Beti tie 6mtm HeyHMuiTMBO noLUTO je CTBOpeHO M3 HeyHMLUTMBOCTM. M T3 K 0 je m holutbo /by^M cKpeHy/io ca npaBor nyTa, 6yAytiM fl,a HMcy 3Ha/iM 3a T y pa3/iMKy, to tie petiM. ymp/im c y. Hena 3a ca ^a obo/imko 6 yAe AOBO/bHO, je p hmko He M 0w e oflo/ieTM npMpoflM peHM Koje caM M3r0B0pM0 o 6/iaweHOM, 6ecMpTH0M B ory MCTMHe. A k o n o cTojM HeKO ko je cnpeMaH ^ a n oB epyje y HaBefleHe peHM, Hena npoyHM cBe, noneB oa cKpMBeHMx CTBapM na a o 3aBpmeTKa 0 B0 r o tKpoBeHDa. M OBa tie ra MMcao noyHMTM kbko je Bepa y oho ujto HMje 063HaHDeH0 npoHatieHa y OHOMe u jto je c Te 063HaHDeH0. noHeTaK ca3HaHDa je o b o . T o c n o A a p cbmjy ce yMCTMHy He 30Be O Tau," Beti flp a o Tai4 ; je p , OTai^ je noneTaK 0H0ra u jt o je 063HaHDeH0. Je p o h , ripaoTau, 6e3 noneTKa, BMflM ce 6e y ce6M caMOMe Kao y or/ieAa/iy Ka^a ce npMKa3ao y o6/iMHjy A y To n a To p a lu to 3H3HM A y To re H e To p a m Kao A H To n o c y npM cycTBy He3aneTor flpe-er3M CTM pajytier.
O h je yMCTMHy no CTapooTM paBaH 0H0Me kojM My npeTX0AM, a/iM My HMje paBaH no MotiM. Vhmhmo je f\a ce noc/ie HDera nojaBM mhoujtb o aH Tonoca, caMopoflHMx m paBHMx Met}yC 06 H0 no CTapOCTM M MOtiM, y3BMLUeHMX M 6e36pojHMX, KOjM c y Ha3B3HM paCOM HaA KojOM hmko He B/ia^a Met)y ^apcTBMMa noCTOjetiMM . A/lM HMT3B0 TO MH0UJTB0 Hafl, K0jMM hmko He B/iafla 30Be ce Aeima He3aneTor 0 ^ a . O h , naK, HeAOKyHMBM, [o c T a je ] yBeK 6ecM pTaH [ y ] HeM3peu,MB0M 6/iaweHCTBy. Cbm ohm npe6MBajy y H>eMy, H enpecTaHo ce Bece/ietiM y HeM3peu,MB0M ycxMtieHDy Hap, HenpOMeHJbMBMM 6/iahKeHCTBOM m HeM3peu,MBOM paflOUjti^, K3KBM HMKafla HMcy 6m/im bmfjeHM, hmtm ce 3a HdMX ny/io, Mef)y cbmm eoHMM3 M HdMX0BMM CBeTOBMMB. M HeKa 3a caf\a obo/imko 6yfle flOBO/bHO, f\a He MOweMO npofiM Kpo3 HemTO luto je 6e3 rpaHM^a.
/],pyrM n o n e T a K ca3HaHDa j e o b o . flp eKO H e 3 a n e T o r, n p B o r, KojM je n o c T o j a o y 6 e c K p a jy n p e CB M jy oh j e caM opoAH M , caM OcTBopeHM O T a u , c a B p m e H y cBeT/iocTM u jt o HeM3peu,MBMM c ja je M CMja o h 1 je cna3M0 A p x e , TaK o f\a je HDeroB /imk C Te K a o Be/iMKy Moti. A p x e T e cb ot/ioctm HaMax otkpm je flH o r 6 e c M p T H o r ABono/iHor HOBeKa. l-b er0 B 0 Myluko MMe r/iacM C a B p m e H M [ y M ] , a w e H ck o riaHcocjDoc Coc}DMja, MajKa . 3a HDy c e TaKot^e Ka>Ke f\a je Ha/iMK CBOMe 6 p a T y m CBOMe A p y w 6 e H M K y , u jt o j e mctmh3 Koja ce He M o m e ocnopMTM ; j e p , lu t o c e MCTMHe hmw e r p e fla TMHe, 3a6/iyfla Koja j e y Hboj c a flp mana o c n o p a B a HDeHy Ba/baHOCT. C a O e c M p T hmm HOBeKOM npBM n y T c e jaB/ba Ha3MB ,,6oj+saHCTBO m r o c n o A a p . J e p OTau,, KojM c e Ha3MBa ca M O -O Ta u, ( A y T o n a T o p ) , yHMHMO je f\a c e oh nojaBM. C t b o p m o je 3a HDera (m/im: 3a c e 6 e ) Be/iMKM E o h , npMK/iafl,aH HDeroBoj y3BMmeHOCTM. nofla pMO My je Be/iMKy Mofi. B/iaA a o je uaf\ cbmm cTBopei+>MMa. C t b o p m o je ce6M 6 o r o B e , apxaHt]e/ie, aHtie/ie, m 6 e 3 6 p o j ho m h o lu t b o f\a My c/iy^Ke. Ca tmm je ho BeKOM, flaK/ie, HacTa/io 6 o m a H C K o m r o c n o A a p c K O . 3 a T 0 c e oh 30Be Bor Ha^ BoroBMMa, Hpa/b Hafl Hpa/beBMMa. ripBM HOBeK je IImctmc 3a OHe KojM H a c T a H y noc/ie H>era. O h y ce6M caflpmM co ncTBe HM y M , MMcao, ynpaBO Kao lu t o je oh MCTOBpeMeHO m npoMMm/baHDe, M y f lp o c T , p a3yM m Mofi. C B a 6v\ha Koja n o c T o j e c y c a B p m e H a m 6 e c M p T H a . y
* OBa KOHCTaTaumja Moma 6n 3'HaHMTM m ,,ohmx Koje cy CTBopn/in" v\m ,,ohm KojM 6exy C TB o peH n".
[ 10]
nor/iefly 6ecMpTHOCTM c y yMCTMHy CBa jeflHaKa, a/iM ce y n o M e A y Motin pa3JiMKyjy Kao OTaq, o a cnHa, cm h o a m m c jih , a Mncao o a CBera ocTa/ior. KaKO Beti peKox, Met}y o h h Ma UJTO c y 3aneTM MOHafla je npBa. 3aTHM cjiefle AMjaAa, Tp n ja ^a , na cBe a o AenaAa. A jim AenaAe BJiaflajy HaA cTOTMHaMa, a c t o TMHe BJiaAajy HaA xmbaAaM a, a xm baAe HaA AeceT-xm baAaM a. TaKBe je n pnpoAe [ . . . ] Metiy 6ecMpTHMMa. A jim MOHaAa m Mncao n p n na A ajy MOBeKy hjim MHiujbehby [ . . . ] AeK3AH. CTOTMHe, Mef)yTMM, [ . . . ] xm baAe [ . . . ] [ A jim ] AeceT-xMJbaAe [ c y ] cMjie Koje [ . . . ] noTMHy [ o a . . . ] n o cTo je ca [ . . . ] Y m [ m ] n o n e [T a K ] a m mcjim [ . . . ] mmcjim [ . . . ] caBeTe o a [ . . . ] CMJie. Ilo cjie c b m x [hbMx], nojaBMO ce o h y cBojoj MotiM, o h Kora cy [ o 63H3 h m jim ] cacBMM. M nojaBMO ce M3 o h o ra LUTO [ c y ] c t b o p m j im , o h Kora [ c y c t b o p m jim ] . M o h KOMe noAapMLue o6jiMHje nojasM ce M3 Hora neMy [A a A o iu e o6jiMMje]. O h KOMe HaAeHyuie MMe nojaBM ce M3 0H0ra MeMy noAapMuie o6jiMMje. Pa3JiMHMT0CT cnpaM OHMX KOjM c y MX CTBOpMJlM2 M3at)e Ha BMAeJlO y HseMy, KOMe HaAeHyuie MMe o a noneTKa HDeroBor a o Kpaja, y cKjiaAy ca MotiM c b m x eoHa. A jim 6ecMpTHM H o b c k nyH je c b c k o jim Kor BeHHor 6jiaw eHCTBa m HeM3peuMBor y c XMtieH3a; HMTaBO i-ber0B0 u,apcTBO BecejiM ce y BeHHOM ycxM tieiby. O Be cTBapM 3a Koje ce HMKaAa HMje nyjio, hm tm ce 3a Hj MX 3Hajio y c b m m eoHMMa [ Kojn c y ] HacTa/iM nocjie [iu e ra . . . ] . flocjie Hjera [ . . . ] n ocTao je o a 6ecM pTHor HOBeKa [ . . . ] , kojm ce 30Be C mh [H o B e K a] [H eAO C Taje neTMpM p e ^ a ]. [l-t>er0B0 Myluko MMe] je [ . . . ] 1 1 ^60^0^6^^ , a w e n c k o [MMe je ,,n p B o ]po tieH a CocjDMja, [ M a j Ka C B M jy ] , a HeKM je 30By A ra n e . [ O h ] , npBopotieHM, n o c e A y je Moti [c B o ra o i;a ]. C t b o pMO je [c e 6 M ] 6e36pojH e aHtiejie Aa My cjiyw e . HMTaBo t o m h o iu t b o aHfjejia 30Be ce U p K B a CBeTau,a CBeTjiocTM 6e3 ceHKe . KaAa ce ohm Metiyco6HO Jby6e, HdMx o b ce no;by6an npeTBapa y aHtiejie KojM c y HajiMK HbMMa. O Ta u -flp o To re H e To p 30Be ce A ^ a M , h o BeK o a CBeTJi0CTM". U,apcTBO C m h 3 HoBeKa npenyHO je HeM3pei4MBor yj+tMTKa m BeHHe paAOCTM. O hm c y CTajiHO HeM3peu,MB0 ycxMtieHM CBOJMM BeHMTMM 6jiaweHCTB0M , 3a KOje HMcy HMKa^a nyjiM hm tm c y ra MKa^a bm -
AejiM cbm eoHM KojM n o cTo je m HdMxobm CBetobm . Cmh HoBeKa A 0 r 0 B0 pM0 ce ca cboj'om APyw6eHML^0M CocfjMJOM. CTBOPMO je BeJlMKO ABonojiHO cBeTJio. HDemBO MyuiKO MMe je CnacM Tejb, cTBopMTejb cbmx CTBapM 1, a weHCKO MMe je Coc|3Mja riaHreHeTeMpa (cTBopMTejbMua C B e ra ) . HeKM je 30By IIm ctm c . CnacMTeJb ce A0r0B0pM 0 ca cboj'om APyw6eHMU,0M riMCTMC C0C}3Mj0M. CTBOpMO je u iecT ABonojiHMX AyxoBHMX (6Mtia) no y3 o p y Ha OHa CTBopeHa npe H>era. HDMX0Ba Myuii5a MMeHa c y : npBO je He3aneTM , A P yro ,,caM03aLieTM , Tpetie ,,3aHeTHMK , neTBpTo ,,npB03aHeTHMK , neTO 3aneTHMK CBMjy , uiecTo rjiaBHM 3aHeTHMK . J+leHCKa MMeHa c y : npbo je riaH co4)oc CocjDMja, A P yro IlaH M eTop Cocj)Mja, Tpetie llaHreHeTeM pa CocjDMja, neTbp to flpoToreH eTeM pa CocjDMja, neTO A ra n e CocjDMja, uiecTO FImctmc CocjDMja. U3 a o to b o pa Koje caM cnoM eH yo HacTajajiM c y eoHM KOJM Cy Ha3B3HM MMCJIM; M3 MMCJIM npOMMULIJbaHja, M3 npoMMUJJbahba MyApocTM, M3 M yAPOCTM pa3yMM, M3 p a 3 y M a OA/iyKe, M3 of\s\yKa peHM. C TB 0peH 0 je TpM AeceT uiecT Myuikmx m TpM AeceT rnecT weHCKMx (6Mtia), ujto hmhm ceA aM AeceT ABe CMjie. CBana oa HdMX CTBopMJia je neT AyxoBHMx (6Mtia), lu to hmhm 360 CMJia. C B e OHe 3a jeA HO HMHe BOJby. BecMpTHM HoBeK nocTao je jeAHa BpcTa [ . . . ] eoHa, a BpeMe je n o c T a j io je ^H a BpcTa npB03aneTHMKa. HaeroB cmh, [3aneTHMK cbmj y ] , nocTao je jeAHa BpcTa [ . . . ] . flB aH aecT Meceu,M nocTajiM c y jeAHa BpcTa ABaHaecT CMjia. 360 AaHa y toamhm nocTajio je jeAHa BpcTa 360 CMjia luto mx ctbopm CnacM Tejb. M3 obmx HacTaAom e aHtiejiM KojMMa ce 6poja He 3Ha. rip e TB o p M JiM cy ce y c a T e m HbMxoBe TpeH yTKe. K a ^a c y cbm Koje noM eHyx cTBopeHM, 3 a HeTHMK CBMjy, FbMXOB npBM OT314, CTBOpM 3a hbMX ABaHaecT eoHa ca aHtiejiMMa Aa mm cjiyw e . y CB3KOM eoHy 6 mjio mx je no rnecT, Tako Aa je 6 mjio ceA aM A eceT ABa He6a o a ceAaM AeceT ABe CMJie luto mx oh c t b o p m . CBak o He6o MMajio je neT c b o a o b 3, TaKO Aa mx je yKynHO 6 mjio 360. O a c b o a o b 3 je CTBopeho 360 cMJia. K a ^a je hbMXOBO cTBapaHbe 3aBprneHo, Ha3BaHe cy 360 He6eca, no He6y Koje mm je npeTxoAMJio. M cBa c y He6eca caBpmeHa m Ao6pa. M TaKO ce nojaBM noMat-bKaH^e WeHCKOCTM.
OBfle H,y.
ce
M<Kfla pafln
o HexorimnoM
noHaBJba-
[ 11]
ripBn eoH npnnafla 6ecMpTHOM MoBeKy, ;p y r n eoH npnnafla C iiH y HoBena, Kora 30By ,npB03aHeTHMK0M , Kora 30By ..C n a c n Te ;beM . Hafl HbHMa Bnapa eoH n3Hafl KOjer HeMa HMKaKBe B/iacTM, BenaH, 6owaHCKn m 6 e cHpajaH, eoH HaA eoHMMa, eoH 6ecMpTHMKa !i it o y FbeMy npe6nB ajy, ropten A eo O rflo a fla luto 6m cTBopeH H3 xaoca. A/in oh, 6e cMpTHM MoBeK, CTBopno je eoHe, cn/ie m u,apd B a . CBHMa Koje je c tb o p h o Aao je Moti pa CTBapajy LUTa we/ie, yK/bynyjytin m A ane [ s i c ] luto c y n3Hafl xao ca ; je p , obm c y ce AoroBopn/in M etiyco6HO. V h m h h / ih c y p,a ce nojaBe CBe KpacoTe m pa H3 A yxa HacTaHe 6e36p0jH0 MHOLUTBO Be/lHHaHCTBeHHX CBeT/io ctm , n to cy y noneTKy Ha3Ba/in npBM , c p e AHLUKbM n caBpiueHM to tie petin, npBH eoH, A p yrn n Tpetin. ripBM c y Ha3Ba/in jeflHHCTBO" M ,,CriOKOj , CBaKM Ofl HjHX nMao je CBoje nMe, je p u,pKBy y TpetieM eoHy cy 3Ba/1H ..MHOLUTBO M3 M HOLUTBa, KOje je M HOUJTBO CTBopn/io M3 jeflH or . 3 a T0 ce m h o l u t b o OKyn/ba m cjeAni-byje. 3 o B y ra ,,u,pKBa no u,pKBM Koja H apm am He6o. 3aTO je u,pKea O rfloa A a CTBopeHa Kao ABono/iHa. Je A hmm ^e/iOM ce 30Be MymKa a ApyrnM -KeHCKa. MyujKM fleo ce 30Be ,,upKBa a meHCKM ,,w m bot , p,a 6m 6m/io jacHO KaKO oa KeHe noTnne wm bot cbmx eoHa noA cbmm iMeHMMa Koja c y mm ^aBaHa oa noneTKa. V\3 -beroBe flo6pe Bo/be m mmc/im CTBopeHe
o y on/ie n o j c 3o e y ,, 6 o r o B M M a . D o t o b m cy
MOBMMa, npMK/iaAHa H>MXOBOj y3BMLUeHOCTM; HeKM cy, yMCTMHy, ctbopm/im npe6MBa/iMLUTa M KOHMje TO/IMKO HeM3peU,MB0 y3BMLUeHe Aa ce He A a jy oriMcaTM. Ctbopm/im c y ce6M 6e36 p o jH e B o jcK e aHtje/ia Aa mm c/iyw e Be/iMnajytiM mx, Kao m HeonMCMBe AeBMHaHCKe A y xoBe cBeT/iocTM. M e tiy HsMMa HeMa naTHje m c/ia6ocTM, A0B0/bH0 je Aa HeujTo nowe/ie (m) to ce HaMax ocTBapM. TaKo c y cTBOpeHM eohm m i-bMX0Ba He6eca m cboaobm 6 /ia w eHCTBa 6ecM pTH or HoBeKa m HjeroBe APyw6eHMu,e CocjDMje, MecTO r^ e cbm eoHM m h,mxobm CBeTOBM M OHO LUTO AO/ia3M nOC/ie HjMX [HeflOCTaje rn a ro/i], Aa 6m Mor/iM ctbopmtm pa3Ha 06 /iMHja Tora M e c Ta , hbMX0Be c/iMKe y H e 6 e CMMa xaoca m HdMxobmx CBeTOBa. A/im HMTaBa npMpoAa (Koja M3BMpe) M3 6ecM pTH or, oa He3aneTor, a o 0TKp0BeH>a xaoca y CBeT/i0CTM luto cMja 6e3 ceHKe y HeM3peu,MB0M ycxMtiehby m paAOCTM, cbm c y ce Bece/iM/iM HaA CBOjMM BeHMTMM 6/iaweHCTBOM m 6ecK pajhmm cnoKojcTBOM u jto ce He Aa OriMCaTM, hmtm ce Mome 33mmc/imtm y cbmm eoHMMa lu t o n o cTo je, ca HjMxobmm CM/iaMa.
6m.
CTMM Ca3HaHseM.
B/iameHM E y m o c T
ne. ApxaHt]e/iM c y (m3 CBojMX peHM) CTBa p a jtm aHfje/ie. V\3 0 B 0 ra je C T B o p e H a MAeja m
' 06 /iMHje m c}DopMa] pa c e H a A e H y MMeHa ^cbmm] eoHMMa [m ] cbmm HsMxobmm 6 e c M p T -
Jeeantjejbe uciuune
JeB aH t]e/be MCTMHe je p a A O C T 3a OHe KojMMa c e cMM/ioBao O Ta u , M ctmhc m A a o mm A a ra c n o 3 H a jy n o c p e A C TB O M MofiM / lo ro c a KojM je n o T e n a o M3 ri/ie poM e , m KojM 6 e iu e y mmc/imMa m y M y O ne B O M htera 3 0 B y C n a cM Te/b , je p oh lie aohctm c n a c ohmm3 KojM He
hmm CBSTOBMMa luto mx c n o M e H y x . Cbm c y ohm 3a to ao6m/im A03B0/iy 6 e c M p T H o r MoBea m hberoBe APyJ+i6eHMU,e CocjDMje, Kojy 30sy ,,TiyTaHDe . 3 o B y je ,,TiyTai-be 3aTO ujto je C B ojy 6 e c M p T H y y3BMLueHOCT cTBopM/ia 6e3 peHM, npoMMLU/batoeM. riou jTO c y mmb/im
A03BOjiy, CB3KM je OA HdMX CTBOpMO ce6M Be-
,,mm-
2 n o c TO je pa3nm m e B epanje ose n p asnnH e: no LLleHKey, ,,y3e/in c e o je caB puieH CTB o"; n o X a p T y npnMn/in cB oje caBpLue'HCTBo"; no Twiy, c t b o p m -
Capa
ce
Cbm
O K p e T O L u e HbeMy o ^
Kora
c y n o T e K / in . 1 / 1 Cbh
6 e x y y i-b e M y , H e c x B 3 T -
jbi/iBOM, H e A O H y H H B O M , K o j n j e A P a r o u , e H n j n o a Ma H o je mmcjim, a H e n o 3 HaBahbe O u ,a a o h o c m j io j e n a T H i y m C T p a x . M naThba c e 3 r y c Hy n o n yT M a rjie , T a n o ^ a hmho He 6 e u j e y C T a Fb y fla bmam. O T y f l a j e 11/iaHe ( 3 a 6 / iy fla ) C T e n j i a c H a r y . y 3 a j i y f l H 0 j e paflM jia Ha c b o Me n o c jiy , je p HMje 3 na/ia MCTMHy. n o c T a j i a (m) j e y j e f lH O M C T B o p e H 3y a o h j e c a w a p o M
y n p a c o T M n p M n p e M a / i a 3 a M e H y 3 a MCTMHy. Ajim o b o He 6em e n o H M ^ e H je 3a Fbera, HenojM ^.M B or, Hefl0HyHMB0r, j e p c y naTiba, 3 a 6 o p a B , m t o cTBopei-be npMBMfla 6mjim hmLUTaBHM, a BeHHa mctmh3 j e HenpoMeH/bMBa, CTajiHa, m H^oj c e HeMa ujTa AOflaTM.
3 a T O Bajba npe3MpaTM rijia n e . O b o je (hbeH) onMc: OHa HeMa H opeHa. y 0 f lH 0 c y Ha Ou,a, CT B o p e H a j e y MarjiM, m a o h nocTojM , CTBa p a 3 a 6 o p a B m C T p a x p a 6 m n o M o t i y HdMX 3anap a jia o n e y ,,cpe/],MUJTy m 3apo6M/ia m x . hbeH 3 a 6 o p a B HMje 6 m o bm ^ m b . T o HMje [ . . J 1 Be3aHO 3a Ou,a. 3 a 6 o p a B HMje n o T e nao o a Ou,a, np eM fla j e HacTao 3 6 o r hbera. A jim o h o u j t o n o c T a j e y H>eMy j e c T e ca3HaHbe. n o c T a f l e j a c H o p a T p e 6 a ynjiOHMTM 3a6 o p a B m cn o3 na TM Ou,a. !~Io l u t o je 3 a 6 o p a B H a c Ta o y o f l c y c T B y c n o 3 H a je Ou,a, o h BMLue He lie noc To ja TM o a T p e H y T H a n a p a O Tau, 6 y A e cno3HaT.
H
ro
O T a u HMje ocefiao 33bmct. Je p , KaKBy 6m 33BMCT Morao ocefiaTM npeMa CBojMM yfloBMMa? Je p , a a c y eoHM [ . . .] CB oje [ . . . j 2, He 6m 6mjim y CTaiby p a npMf)y Ou,y, koj'm y ce6M caflpwM HdMxobo caBpmeHCTBO, nojM mm ra A a p yje p a 6m ce BpaTM/iM ibeMy m ca3HaHDy Koje j e y cBOMe caBpm eHCTBy M3y3eTHO. O h je ctbopm o C B e , m Cbm 6 e xy y ibeM y, m Cbmm3 j e HeflOCTajao. M nomTO OHaj nora HeKM He 3 H a jy wejiM p,a ra c n o 3 H a jy m BOJie jep , uiTa je Cbmmb HeflOCTaja/io ceM casHaiba Ou,a? nocTao je boamh, y MMpy m c n o K o j C T B y . llojaBMO c e Mef)y yHeHMU,MMa (m) M3r0B0pM0 pen, jep je 6mo yMMTeJb. Ohm HojM c y caMO y cbojmm cpu,MMa My,n,pM mcnym aBaxy ra. Ajim oh mx npenopM 3 6 o r Tam TMHe. O M p3om e ra, je p He 6 e xy yMCTMHy
MyflpM.
o ra
Tpaw e,
h o
je je oh 063HaHM0 caBpiueHMMa MM/iomfiy OneBOM, cnpMBeHa TajHa M cyca XpMCTa, npeho Hora je noflapMo ca3Hahbe ohmmb hojm 3 6 o r 3a6opaBa 6 e xy y tbmm. noflapMo mm je ca3HaHDe ( m ) ^ a o mm n yT. A/im n yT hoj'm mm je caonujTMO je mctmh3. 3 aTO ce ri/iaHe HajbyTv\i\a Ha H^era (m) nporoHM/ia ra. B m a je y rp o w e H a 3 6or HDera, (m) 6m yHMLUTeHa. O h je npMHOBaH 3a a p b o . flo cTa o je n/iOA ca3Haiba O M e B or.
rio cjie cbmx ibMX, Aofiom e m ohm MaJiM, HMje j e ca3HaHDe OL;a. \\ a p a c y ojana/iM, H a y mm/im c y CBe o o6jiMMjMMa OneBMM. Cno3HajiM c y M 6MJ1M Cn03H3TM. ripMMM/lM Cy M AaJlM 6/iaraeHCTBO. y HdMxobmm cpu,MMa 6m HanMcaHa KibMra wmbmx cTBopeHDa, Koja je HacTa/ia y mmcjim m yM y OneBOM, m noja je o a CTBapaHja Cbmjy 6M/ia HeflocTynHa Ta (KibMra) a o noje hmko He M owe AofiM, je p 3anMcaHO je p a fie OHaj kojm je y3Me y pyne 6mtm nory6/beH. Hmko oa ohmx KojM BepoBaxy y cnaceHDe hmje ce Morao nojaBMTM a o k Ta KH>Mra HMje a o cno/ia M ctiy iLiHX (flon n n jc 6h/iq cn oo n a Ta ). 3 aTO je MM/IOCTMBM, OflaHM M cyc CTpnJbMBO noflHOCMO Myne aok HMje y3eo Ty KibMry, jep 3Hao je p a je HDeroBa c m pt 3a MHore hhmbot. Hao lu to je npe OTBapaiba TecTaM eHTa cnpMBeHo 3aBemTaHDe npeMMHy/ior rocnoflapa nyfie, Tano je 6mjio m ca Cbmm3, je p OTau, CBMjy 6em e HeBMfl/bMB, nomTO je oh jeflan, noTenao oa ce6e caM ora, M3 nora cbm nfDoCTopM M3BMpy. C To ra ce M cyc nojaBMO. Y 3e o je Ty KibMry k ce6M. Bmo je npMKOBaH 3a a p bo. 063HaHMO je BO/by O n e B y Ha K pCTy. O , nano y3BMmeH0 to yMeHbe 6em e, je p oh ce n0HM3M0 CMpfiy, Mano 6em e ofleBeH y pyxo BeMHor HHMBOTa. OA6au,MBmM n 0 KMAaH0 p yxo, ofleHyo ce 6 e cM pTH o m hy nojy My hmko ne M ow e y3eTM. flocneBm M y n p a 3 H e n p o cTo p e C T p a x a , n p o m a o je n p a j ohmx KojM 6 e xy o c /io6of)eHM 3a6opaBa, nomTO je oh c a 3 H a i b e m caBpm eHCTBo, m 063HaHM0 oho mTO je y
O h HMje H e c T a o 3 a T 0 luto je n o j e A e n . A/im OHMMa HojM c y ra jejiM noflapMo je ymv\T3H OTHpMfia. J e p , oh m x je o t h p m o y ce6M ca MOMe, a
ohm
cy y
H^MMa caMMMa
othpm / im
HDera, HenojM/bMBor, He0KyMMB0r, c a B p m e Hor Ou,a kojm je c t b o p m o C B e , y HOMe C bm np e 6 M B ajy, m nojM C b m m 3 H e f lo c T a je , j e p je y ce6M 3aflpHKao hdMx o b o ca B p m e H C T B o , noje
HMje noflapMO C
b m m 3.
, ,
1 r :e v a LUeHKey m XapTy, OBa npa3HMHa Tpe6a p,a ,,H>eroBa peM . 4 _e n K e m XapT oBfle flajy , ,CBOjjWM CTBopehbMMa'.
5 He 3Ha ce noy3flaHO 3HaMeHje KonTCHe penn. XapT je npeBOfln Kao MacT". 6 Tano KonTCKM TeKCT. HaMepaBanM CMMcao je BepofiaTHO ofl/iasn CBMMa .
Ou,y pa 6 m . . . ] 3 noyHnna O H e Kojn we/ie fla MMe H a y . A jih o h h kojm we/ie pa npnMe ~ a y K je c y w h b h k o j h cy 3 a n M c a H H y KHbM3 n
- / b h x C T B o p e i-b a ,
ohh kojm
n p n M a j y HayK o
pa
ce
Cbh
y3-
a ; i m y k hbeMy. T a ^ a C B a K o K a ^ a C T e K H e ca3~
je
hberoBO n y 3 M M a
Hpno c e 6 e , j e p ohm H n c y 3BywHa cjioBa (ca MorjiacHm i,n) hhtm c y cjiOBa 6e3 3ByKa ( c y rjiacHMM,n), pa 6n mx Heno Morao MMTaTM n noMncjinTki Ha HeuiTO m TO je T a m T O , Ben np e A C Ta B Jb a jy cjiOBa ncTMHe. H a ^ a (mx) M3ro B o p e , ohm c a 3 H a jy c e 6 e . C b 3 k o je cjio b o ca B p m e H a MCTHHa ( h j i h : M ncao) HajinK ca B p m e H o j khdM3h, je p t o c y cjioBa. H a n n ca o n x j e \epmw, OTau, mx j e Hanncao pa 6n e o m i ca3Hann Ou,a n o M o fiy h te r o B o r n n c M a .
s . j e p H e f l o c T a j e M y o h o u j t o fie ra ^ h m h h t h ri0LUT0 je
aApw aHo y Ou,y, He 0 nx 0flH 0 je pa ce C b h 3 A n m y a o Ltera m p,a c b 3 ko npnMM luto je -e m B O . lip n n p e M n o je m n cn n ca o mx c b o HanpeA, Aa 6n AapnBao OHe iuto noTeKom e oa Haera. Ohm nnje je MMe 3Hao yH anpeA 6e/ no3BaHM Ha Kpajy, t b k o Aa je OHaj Kojn 3na Taj Mnje je MMe OTau, o 6 ja B n o . Je p , oHai ,ije MMe HMje cn0M eH yT0 je 6e3 ca3HaHDa. .IJIH, K3K0 MO}+!e HyTM HeKO MMje MMe HHje DojaB^eHO? Je p , oHaj k o a o Kpaja o cTane "e3 ca3HaH3a je c Te cTBopeFbe 3a6opaBa, m t o fie ra yHnmTMTH. l/lHane, 3am T0 c y th y 6 o rn ^BOpOBM 6e3MMeHM, (3am TO) HHCy HMK3K0
- B3 BaHM? f la K / ie , aKO H e n o 3 H a, o h n o T M H e A 0 3 m . A k o j e n o 3 BaH, o h n y j e , O A r o B a g a ,
y3 A pw aH 0C T ( ? ) 5 n o n yT KpyHe Ha H)eMy; Lt.eroBO je ycxnfiei-be cjeAHHDeHO c HdHm; H>erobo 6jiaw eHCTB0 ra y3H0Cn; HbemBO o6jiMMje ra je otkpm jio; n,er0B0 cn0K 0jcTB 0 ra je npnmmjio k ce 6 n ; LberoBa Jby6aB je y HbeMy pofjeHa; LberoBa Bepa ra je npnxBaTMJia. Ta n o peM OMeBa M3Jia3n M3 CBMjy6, 6 yA yfin pa je OHa njioA HaeroBor cpu,a m jeAHO o6jiMMje HDeroBe BOJbe. Ajim OHa je n oTnopa C B n jy , OHa mx 0A a6npa, n npey3M M a o6jiMMje C B n jy . O H a
mx npoMnm fiaBa m Bpafia mx Oi4y, Maji^n
Hen3MepH0 6jiarn M cyc. OTau, o T K p n B a CBoje r p y A H . A FberoBe c y rpyAM CBeTM f ly x kojh o T K p n B a CBOjy T a jH y . hbe roBa j e TajH a i-beroB Cm h, nora eoHH mor y cno3HaTM MHJiomfiy O mobom , T e He mop a j y B n m e MyMMTH c e 6 e Tpaj+sefiM Ou,a, 6 y Ayfin pa c n 0 K 0 jH 0 n p e 6 n B a j y y HjeMy, 3Hajytin fla
hm
i B p m a B a BO/by o H o r a
sc /i h
je T y yTo>HnujTc.
n o c Ta je
Hs ero BO.
OHaj
koj'h o b 3 ko
c a 3 Hahba y B n f j a o A a n j i e A O J i a 3 M m y B M t ] a Ha/iMK H e K O M e k o c e 0 T p e 3 -
v\pe.
3 6 o r A y 6 n H e 0 H0 ra koj'h o 6 y x B a T a :3 e n p o c T o p e a o k hbera c a M o r He o 6 y x B a T a
*k o . BejiM KO j e M yA O m T O c y 6 h ji h y O L t y n e
- ajyfin 3a f t e r a , n lu t o c y 6 h jih y c T a h b y a ^
aMM M3 a f i y n o m T O H n c y 6 hjim y CTaH3 y a^
npnM e m c a 3 H a jy hbera y K O M e n p e 6 n B a x y ; je p , oh He 6 e m e o 6 3 H a H n o C B o j y BO Jby. J e p , 'H je o tk p m o c e 6 e K a o c a 3 Hahbe, n C B e c y e r o B e eMaHLi,Mje 6 m ie y c K J i a A y ( h j i h : Me-ja/ie c y c e ) ca LbHM oh j e Ha K p a j y 06 ?.3mo ca3HaHbe Khbnre k-!mbmx c T B o p e f -b a e o - n M a Kao cb o jm m [ c j i O B M M a ] 4, a pa HMje o t -
McnyHMBmn npa3HHHy, yHMmTno je c n o jbamHDe o6jiMMje. HDer0B0 je cnojbamHDe oojmMje CBeT y KOMe je c jiy w n o . Je p , npi/i3Hao je MecTO rAe MMa 3aBncTn m cyK 06 a. Ajim Mec to Koje je jeAHO caBpm eHo je . rio m To je npa3HHHa HacTajia 3aT0 mTO Hncy 3HajiM Ou,a, npa3HMHe Bnme Hefie 6mtm o a Tp e H yTna KaAa cno3H ajy O ^ a . Hao mTO HeMMje He3HaH>e HecTaje caMO no ce6w y Tpe H yTK y ca3HaHsa, to tie pefin, hberoBo He3HaFbe noBjiam m ce nao TaMa npeA CBeTjiom fiy, Tano n npa3HMHa HecTaje y caBpm eHCTBy C n ojb a m vhe o6jiMMje n0T0M BMiue HMje BMAJbMBO, Befi HecTaje cjeAMHHBmM ce ca jeAHMM, je p c a ^ a cy HaMX0 Ba AeJia jeAHana Ka^a fie jeAHO yMMhhtm np0CTpaHCTB0 caBpmeHHM. C b 3ko fie npeno jeAH ora npMMMTM ce 6e . y ca3HaHDy fie OMMCTHTM ce6e OA pa3H0JlHK0CTH M npeTBO-
[ 14]
caMO
UJeiHKe: 1M i\a
A k o ce , AaKJie, o b o A e c n jio cBaHOMe o a Hac, Ba/ba hbm npe CBera mmbtm y BMAy Aa tie Kyha 6m th cBeTa m Tn x a 36or je A H o r. / b y AM Kojn c y ce ce/iM/iM mmbjim c y o6MMaj Aa OLUTetieHO n ocytie pa36M jajy; MetiyTMM, 3a rocn oA a p a y t ie t o HMje ry6MTaH, oh ce 3anpaBO BecejiM, je p yM ecTO ou jTetie H o r n o c y T)a MMa HMTaBor nocytja noje Tp e 6 a a o b p l u m tm. Je p , t o je n p e c y A a noja je Aoujjia o a o 3ro, m KOja je cBaHOMe npecyAMJia. To je McyHaHM M3M ca ABe OLUTpMU,e HOjM cene Ha o6e CTpaHe. K a ^a ce pen, noja je y cp^MMa ohmx kojm je M3roBapajy, nojaBMJia M et)y LbMMa HMje 6MJia caMo r/iac, Beti je pofjeHa M et)y c y t)eM H acTaAe Benm a noMeTH>a, je p Hene ce n o cyA e Mcnpa3HMme, Hene HanyHMme, Hene 6 e xy AOHeTe a Hene np e B p H yTe . H e n e 6 e xy OHMUjheHe, a Hene pa36MjeHe Ha KOMaAe. C Ba c y ce npocTpaHCTBa Tp e cjia m 6m noM eTH^a, je p HMje 6MJ10 HBpCTMHe M CTaJIHOCTM. fljiaHe je y3HeMMpeHa, je p He 3Ha LUTa Aa hmhm. T y w H a je , o ru ia K y je m MyHM c e 6 e ( ? ) , je p HMLUTa He 3Ha. I I o u j t o jo j ce npM6jiM^Mjio ca3HaH3e noje je n p o n a cT 3a H>y m cBe H>eHe eMaHau,Mje rijiaHe je npa3Ha, je p y HdOj' HMHera HeMa.
McTMHa A o t )e M e t)y HjMx. C B e c y j e HbeHe eMaHai^Mje 3Hajie. Hokjiohmjim c y c e O u y y MCTMHM M Ca B p m e HO j MOtiM HOja MX j e CjeAMHMJia ca Ou,eM; j e p , c B a n o bojim MCTMHy n o l u t o c y y c T a O n e B a mctmh3. l-t>eroB je3MK j e CBeTM 4 y x KojM ra cjeAMhbyje c a mctmhom, cnaja jytiM ra c a ycTMMa OneBM M n o M o tiy je 3MKa H a ^a T p e 6 a A a npMMM C b b t m fl,yx. O b o je OTKpoBehbe O n e B o m H>eroBa o 6 ja B a eoHMMa. O t k p m o je CBOjy T a j H y (m) np 0 T yM aH M 0 j e . J e p , ko jolu nocTOjM ocmm O i^ a ? C B a c y n p o c T p a H C T B a H>eroBe eMaHU,Mje. C no3H ajiM c y ra, j e p noTenjiM c y o a rt.era Kao A u a o a c a B p u ie H o r HOBena. Cno3HaJiM c y ra, j e p hmc y j o m npMMMjiM o6jiMHje, hmtm MMe lu t o O t3 I4 CBa noM e A a j e . T a ^ a o a n>era npM M ajy o6jiMHje casHaH^a, j e p Mano c y y H>eMy, He n o 3 H a jy ra. Ajim O Ta u , j e c a B p m e H , oh n o 3 Haje CBa rip 0 C T p a H C TB a y ce6M. A k o noj+tejiM, oh c tb o p m nora r o A My je BOJba, m A a je My o6jiMHje m MMe. A a j e M y MMe m nocTan>e. Ohm
kojm HMcy jom nocTajiM He 3Hajy OHor koj'm m x je ctbopm o. He KaweM TMMe Aa ohm koj'm jo m HMcy nocTajiM HMcy HMmTa, Beti Aa n p e 6 MBajy y OHOMe no HMjoj tie BOJbM jeAHOM HacTaTM. Ilpe Hero mTO 6 mjio noja cTBap HaCTaHe, oh 3Ha m Ta tie ctbopmtm. Ajim hjioa
KOjM
MmTa hmhm. Tano cBano npocTpaH CTBo Hoje hmhm A e o Oua noTMHe oa n>era HojM je c Te , ajiM oh ra je ctbopmo oa OHor m To HMje; jep , oh koj'm je 6e3 nopeHa HeMa hm njiOAa, ajiM oh noMMCJiM y c e 6 M: ..llo c Ta o caM 7 Oh tie ra ^hmlutmtm. flaK Jie, oho mTO HMje hm n o cTo jajio Hetie hm nocTaTM . lilT a jim OHAa oh mejiM naAa o c e 6 M mmcjim: ,,H a cTa o caM n o n y T ceHKM m npMKa3a HotiM ? K a ^a CBeTJio o 6 acja y w a c HOjM je oceTMO, oh 3Ha Aa to HMje HMmTa. C T o ra ohm HMcy 3HajiM 3a 014a, 6 yAytiM Aa ra HMcy bmacjim. n o i U T O t o (He3Hahbe) 6 e m e y m a c , n o M e T H>a, H e c Ta jiH O C T , cyMHsa m pa3jeAMH>eH0CT, OAaTJie H a c T a A o m e M H o re 3 a 6 ji y A e m npMBMtjeHDa; na o A a c y 3acnajiM m caHbajiM HeMMpHe CHOBe: H e r A e 6 e w e , mjim c y OHeMotiajiM n o m T o c y He Hora nporoHMJiM, mjim c y y n e c HM14M KaK Bor O H p m a ja , mjim npM M a jy yAapL 4e, mjim c y najiM c a BejiMKMx BMCMHa, mjim jie T e Kpo3 B a 3 A y x MaKO KpMJia H e M a jy . Y A PyrM M , nan, npMJiMKaMa, M3rjieAa Hao A a H e n o h>mx y 6 Mja Mano mx hmko He np oroHM , mjim nao A a ohm y 6 Mjajy C B o je c y c e A e , j e p c y H3Mxobom npBJby ynpjbaHM. C B e a o T p e H y T K a H a ^ a c e ohm kojm c y K po3 CBe OBe n o M e T L t e npomjiM He n p o 6 y A e , ohm He BMAe HMmTa, j e p T a n B e c y cTBapM HM mTaBHe. C jim h h o je c a ohmmb KojM 0 A 6 au,Mme o a c e 6 e H e s H a ib e m TO j e non y T cH a koj'm HMmTaBHMM c M a T p a j y . Ohm H>ero B e TBop e BM H e He C M a T p a jy CTBapHMM, Beti mx o c T a B J b a jy n o n y T CHa y HotiM. Ca3Hahbe O u a 3a h>mx je n a o C B e Tji 0 CT. C T o r a c y cbm y He3HaHby c b o m b nocTyna JiM nao y CHy, T e H a ^ a A o t i o m e a o ca3HaH>a, t o 6 m y n p a B O n a o Aa c y ce n p o 6 yAMJiM. H A o 6 p o j e 3a HOBena Aa A o t ) e c e 6 M m A a c e n p o 6 yAM. M 6 j i a w e H j e OHaj kojm o t b o p m ohm cjieiiMMa. M J\yx noxMTa 3a h>mm Ka^a ra je n o A M ra o . K a ^ a je npymMO p y n y OHOMe mTO je Ha 3eMjbM Jiew a o , n o A M r a o r a j e Ha H o re , j e p oh y M C T M H y ne 6 e m e j o m y c T a o . Ca3HaH3e 614a m oT HpoBehbe CMHa H>eroBor oM o r y t iM m e m m Aa nporjieAajy. Jep, na-
Befi
de
to
tuTe t)aBO/iy
n o A yrm p n Te n y Ty , jep tie
je h uie uuTeTe h Ae/ia mmhm v je npaBeflah ra, no BO/bn kjim. Jep, O i IU TO je BO/bl
6 owhmk MMO Ha 3Hat
C T o ra OTau
06/1MK m 3 B^
Ba n| Tafla
K/ie i
[ 16]
He 3HaMM fl,a j e H n je 6m/io 3 6 o r 6 e c K p a jH o c T M 014 a Hojn c e n o ja B J b y je nafla H>e HeMa, n p e M fla hmho HMje M o r a o p e tin fla tie c e E e c M p T hm nojaBMTM Ha OBaj HaHMH. Ajim O M e Ba c e A y 6 n H a y B e tiajia , m HMje ra noxoA M Jia n o M n c a o o lljia H e . To je cjia6auuHa ( ? ) c T B a p Hoja c e jiaKO ncn p a B Jb a K a ^ a c e n p O H a tie OHaj Hojn My j e A o m a o m Kora tie oh Bp a t h t m . J e p , t o c e Bpafiahbe 3 0 B e nonajaHDe. C T o r a c e n o ja B n B e c M p r H O C T . C/ieAHJia j e 0 H 0 ra Kojn j e 3 r p e m n o fla 6m M o ra o HatiM cn oKoj. Je p , o n p o m Ta j je o h o mTO o c Ta je CBeTji 0 CTM y noMaH3KaHjy, pen fljiepoMe. Jep, jie n a p m y p n Ka M e c T y rf le j e 6 o jie c H H K 3 a To mTO j e TaKBa BOJba y rt.eMy. O H a j , AaKJie, ko Me H e m TO H e f lo c T a j e t o He c K p n B a , 3aTO m TO o h nMa o h o m T o M y H e f lo c T a j e . Tano lljie p oM a , Ko joj HMiuTa He H e A O C Ta je , ncnyH>aBa np a 3 HM Hy Koja je M3 H>era n o Te K Jia , ^ a My noflapM o h o m TO My H e f lo c T a j e Kano 6m m o ra o npnMMTM m m j i o c t , j e p a o k T o r a HeMa, h h MMJIOCTM HeMa. 3 a T O T 3 M 0 TAe HeMa MMJIOc t m Bjia ^a h m c k o c t . K a A a j e Ta M ajia C TBa p Hoja My je H e A O C Ta ja jia np nM JbeHa, yMMHHo j e fla M3rjiefla Kao f lJie p oM a t o j e o t k p o Behbe CBeTJi 0 CTM i/icTHHe Ko ja ra je o 6 a c ja j ia , j e p OHa j e HenpoMeHJbMBa. C T o r a c e o6 p a T M m e X p n c T y k o jm 6 e m e M e t]y HsMMa fla 6 n o h m Kojn 6 e x y y3HeMMpeHM a o 6 m jih o f lro B o p , m fla 6 h m m o h flao n o M a c T .
FloMa3aHbe je mhjioct OneBa K0j0M hm ce CMMJioBao. Ajim th Koje je noM a3ao c y ohm kojm c y AOBefleHM ao caBpm eHCTBa. J e p , npeM a3yje ce n o cyt)e noje je 3aBpmeHO. Ajim Kdfla ce npeMa3 MCTpomn, n o cyA a noMHH>e fla n cn ym Ta tomhoct. O m TetieH a je Ha MecTy r^ e je OTnao npeMa3. J e p , OflaTjie ra oa hocm Aax, luto je y Motin 0H0ra ko je ca h>mm. Ajim ca n o cyfle noja je MHTaBa HnmTa He OTna,n,a, hhth M3 Fbe MCTHMe TeMHocT, neti OTaLj, A o cn n a oho mTO HeAOCTaje fla 6n ce noHOBO HanyHMJia. O h ( o T a u ) je A o 6 a p . O h 3Ha rnTa je noc e j a o , j e p oh je T a j no jn j e t o n o c e j a o y
p a j y CBOMe. MHHK3.
cjin, PeM, Koja ce nojaBM npBa, o63HaHHJia je m h>hx m yM Kojn TOBOpM. PeM je jeflHa y Hemom 6 jiarocjiO B y. Ha3BaH je ,,M ncao , nom to c y peMM n p e 6 nBajie y H^oj npe Hero mTO c y o63naH>eHe. M Tano ce nojaBno npBM n yT nafla je 6 hjio no BOJbM HberoBoj. Ajim to je BOJba y Kojoj O T a u n p e 6 nBa m noja ra 3afloBOJbaBa. H n m Ta He H acTaje 6e3 i-bera, m hmluTa He HacTaje 6e3 BOJbe OMeBe. A jih H>eroBa je BOJba HeAOKyMMBa. Bojba je Tp a r i-beroBMx CTonajia m hhko je Hefie yoMHTM, hmth OHa n o c To jn fla 6 m ce namHja ycM e p m ia Ha H>y m OHa 6 m ia cxBatieHa. Ajim uafla oh nome/in, to ujTO nom ejin je Ty , Manap i-bkiMa to He 6 hjio no BOJbn. Ohm c y HnmTaBHM npefl 5oroM m BO/bOM H>er0 B0 M. J e p , O T a ^ 3Ha n oneT 3 K m npaj cbhx HdMx. Je p , Ha npa jy fie mx nMTaTM m Ta c y m m h m jim . M Kpaj 3H3mm npMMaH>e ca3HaHDa o OHOMe mTO je cnpMBeHO. A to je OTau,, ofl K o ra boam noMeTan, KOMe tie ce BpaTMTM cbm mTO c y o a H>era noTenjiM. Ajim ohm c y nocTajiM y cjiaBy m Ha p a ^ o c T HDeroBor MMeHa. Ajim MMe Ou,a rjiacM Cmh. O h je Taj KojM je Aao MMe OHOMe mTO je noTenao ofl H>era, 6 yflytiM fla je to 6 mo oh caM, m ctbopm o ra je nao cMHa. fla o My je CBoje MMe, je p to je oh caM, OTau,, y KOMe CBe CTBapM n p e 6 MBajy. O h MMa MMe, oh MMa CmHa. M o ry tie je bmactm ra, ajiM MMe je HeBMAJbMBo, je p caMO je oho TajHa HeBMfljbMBor, m To AOJia3M a o ym M jy Koje c y ra nyH e, je p MMe OMeBO ce He M3roBapa. Ajim OTKpMBa ce y CMHy. 3 a T 0 je to MMe y3BMmeH0. Ho fie OHfla 6 mtm y CTai-by fla M3roBopM H>eroBO MMe, y3BMmeH0 MMe, M3y3eB Hbera caM or, koJM MMe M HOCM, M CMHOB3 TOra MMeH3 , y KOjMMa MMe O n eB o npe6M B a, a o h m c b m m n p e 6M Bajy y H>er0B0M MMeHy?
A paj j e M e c TO hberoBor n o -
O b o je caBpmeHCTBO CTBopeHo M3 mhcjim OMeBe, n obo c y peMM HDeroBor npoMnmjbaH>a. C B a n a H>eroBa peM fle jio je BOJbe mTo je caMo i-beroBa y OTKpnBaH>y HDeroBe Penn. Aok c y jom 6 m e y Ay 6 wHaMa H>eroBe m m -
rio m To je OTau, H ecTBopeH, oh caM je Taj kojm ra je ctbopmo 3a c e 6 e Kao MMe, noe n e ro mTo je nopefjao eoHe, tbko fla MMe 014a nao rocn ofla pa dyfle Ha# H>MMa, mTO je yMCTMHy H>er0 B0 MMe, CMrypHo y BJiacTM H>eroBoj m caBpm eHoj MotiM. Je p , to MMe HMje oa peMM (hmtm) ce H>MMe 30Be, Befi je HeBMAJbMBo. O h (O TaL4) flafle MMe caMO H>eMy (CmH y ), je p caMo oh (C m h ) H>era ( 014a) bmam. C aM o je oh (O Ta u,) Taj kojm je y cTaHDy ^ a H>eMy (C M H y) a MMe, je p oHaj KojM He noctojm 6 e 3 MMeHa je . Je p , k3 kbo MMe AaTM OHOMe KojM He nocTojM ? Ajim OHaj ko no-
[ 17]
CTOjkl, nOCTOjM ca HMeHOM CBOjMM, M CaMO oh ( C m h ) H>era (O u,a ) 3Ha; n (H a ) O u y je a a caMO HbeMy (C M H y) p,a n M e . C h h je H>er 0 B0 (O neB o) MMe. O h (O Tau^) HMje ra , A a n jie , c a npno y M a ie p n jn , Beh je o h o (n M e ) n o c T o j a jio. O h je caMO C n H y A a o n M e . H M e je , A a Kiie, OneBO, y n p a B o Kao u jt o je MMe O n e B O C m h , caMM/iocT. J e p , r ^ e o h pa Hatje HMe ocmm y O i|y? A/ im H eno tie CBaHaHo p e tin CBOMe npnjaTe/by: ,,K o fie a s t m MMe OHOMe llito je n o c T o ja o np Bn , n p e H iera? K a o A a , yncTMHy, noTOMLjn He A o 6 n ja jy MMeHa o h m x o a KOjnx c y noTeK/iM. ripBO H9M, f la i ^ e , Ba/ba t o c x b 8 t h t h ; u ira je uMe, fla je t o y n cTM H y MMe. T o je , A aHJie, MMe O neBo, je p o h je ro c n o f la p MMeHa ( h /i m : t o je n p a B o n M e ) . O h ( C m h ), AaK/ie, HMje np n M n o MMe n o n y T A p y r n x , Hao n o 3 a j M n u y . Ajih o b o je ro c n o fla p MMeHa (n/in : npaBO MMe). HeMa HMKora A p y r o r k o M y ra je fla o ; 3anpaBO, o h je 6e3 H M e H , H e n 3 p e u n B , c b o AOH ra o h caM , c a B p u i e H n , H e M 3 r o B o p n . A oh ( C m h ) je Taj Kojn je y cTaH>y A a M 3roB opn H.er0 B0 (O n e B o ) MMe m A a ra bham . K a ^ a je , AaKJie, H.eMy ( O u y ) 6m/io n o BO/bM, n n je je MMe H>eroB Cm h, oh ( O T a u ) koj'm je flo m a o M3 Ay6MHa flao M y je MMe, a oh ( C h h ) je riporoBopno o C TB apnM a CKpnBeHM M , 3 H a j y fin pa je O T a u 6e3 3/ia. 3 a T 0 ra ( C n H a ) j e yMCTMHy m c t b o p m o , Aa roBopn o hberoBOM (O n e B O M ) n p e 6 nB a / iniuTy, oflan/ie je oh ( C m h ) n o T e n a o , m A a 6/iarocn/ba ri/iepoMy m y3BHLueHO MMe H>er0B0 (OneBo) n 6/iarocT O n e B y . O h ( C m h ) fie ro bopmtm o M e c Ty oflaK/ie c y C b h noTen/in , m noxMTahe a o M e c Ta r ^ e je CT B o p e H pa 6m My ce n0H0B0 B p a Tno m 6 h o o A B e fle H c a T o r MecTa, M ecTa r ^ e je paHMje 6 n o , r ^ e j e o t xpaH>eH m O A p a c T a o . A hberoBO c o n c T B e H O npe6MBa/iHUJTe j e n / ie p o M a . A a n / ie , c B e c y eMaHauMje O n e B e ll/iepoM aTa, m c B e H>eroBe eMaHau,Mje MMajy KopeH y H>eMy, M3 n o ra c y HM K/ie. O h mm je OApeflMO rpanMU,e. C B e OHe n ocrajy
A/im OBaKBM He n o c To je , je p HMcy ce ysAwr/iM M3H3A c e 6 e caMMx. Hmtm c y Tpne/iM ocKyAMU,y paAM mm/ioctm O n eB e , hmtm ra CM aTpaxy Ma/iMM, 3/io6hmm m rHeBHMM; oh je /lMLueH 3/ia, CMMpeH m 6/iar; 3Hao je CBe npoCTope npe Hero lu to c y HacTa/iM m He Tpe6a My Hayn. T o je n y T ohmx KojM MMajy (HeLUTo) ca He6eca o a HeM3MepHe y3BMLueH0CTM, aok H enajy jeAMHOra m caBpm eH ora KojM je TaMO paAM HsMx. Ohm He CM/ia3e y noA3eMHM cBeT, M efjy H>MMa HeMa 33bmctm, y3A axa, hmtm cmptm, Beti npe6M Bajy y H>eMy koj'm npe6MBa y cn o K o jc TB y, m HMcy o6y3eTM HeMMpoM m /im TparahbeM 3a mctmhom, Befi c y caMM mctmh3. l/l O T a u je y H>MMa a ohm c y y Ou,y, m ohm c y caBpmeHM, HeoABOjMBO Be3aHM 3a mctmhckm A o 6 p o ; HMmTa mm He HeAOCTaje, Befi y/iMBajy c n 0 K0jc TB 0 je p c y oamophm y ,A yx y. Ohm fie noc/iymaTM CBoj KopeH m MMatie BpeMeHa 3a c e 6 e , ohm y KOjMMa tie oh npoHafiM CBoj HopeH m Hefie HamKOAMTM a ylu h CBojoj. O b o je MecTO 6/iameHMx, HdMxobo npe6MBa/iMmTe. C T o ra , H ena ocTa/iM 3 H a jy Aa mm He npM/iMHM, nom TO caM 6 m o y tom M ecTy cnoK ojcTB a, Aa roBopMM o HeneM A P yro M ; 6 o p a B M f i y OBAe, m yBen f i y mmbtm BpeMeHa 3a Ou,a CBMjy m MCTMHCKy 6patiy Ha Kojy ce M3/iMBa /by6aB O neB a, m kojmm3 oh He HeAOCTaje. Ohm k o j m yMCTMHy n o c To je Ha/ia3e ce y mctmhckom m BeHHOM >KMBOTy, m roB ope o caBpm eHoj c b c t/ioctm Koja je n y H a ceMeHa O n e B o r, m na/ia3M ce y H>er0B0M cpu;y m y ri/iepoMM, aok ce rberoB A y x Bece/iM y H>eMy m y3AMme htera y KOMe je 6mo; je p oh je A o6 a p m HDeroBa c y AeiJta caBpm eHa m AOCTojHa hberoBor MMeHa, nom TO Ot3L4 bo/im TaKBy Aeu,y.
P acu p a e a o eacKpcen>y
1/lMa t 3 k b m x , cMHe PerMHyce, koj' m we/ie Aa Hayne MHore CTBapM. T o m m je u,M/b na^a ce xB a Ta jy y K0iiiTai4 ca npo6/ieMMMa koj' m HMcy pemeHM. M yKO/iMKO A o n p y a o pemeH>a, o h m o ce6M BeoMa b m c o k o MMc/ie. A/im ja m m c /im m Aa o h m HMcy Ham/iM ce6M MecTa y peHM MCTMHe, jep npe tie 6 m tm Aa c y TpamM/iM y TO -
[pa 6m 6M/ie A O B p m e H e ) 9 M3 c o n -
CTBeHe mmc/im. J e p , M e c To na KOMe y n p a B /bajy CBOjy MMcao, t o je h>mxob KOpeH kojm mx y3HOCM H>eroBy
ao
cbmx BMCMHa,
ao
O u a . M M a jy
[ 18]
HMLUTe Koje cm o mm ao6mjim ofl, H a iu e r Cna* cmejba, H a m e r T o c n o A a X p n c T a , K a ^ a cm o cno3Ha/iM MCTMHy, m Ha Hby c e ocjioh hjim . Anw n o u jT o Hac yjbyfl,HO n n T a u j u jTa j e ncTMHa y n o M e A y BacKpcehba, nnuueM tm A a j e o h o He0 n x 0 f lH 0 , m fla mhotm y n c T M H y He B e p y j y y hbera, a/in Ma/io ra h>mx Ha/ia3M. Pa cnp a BM mo, AaK/ie, o TO M e . K a K o c e r o c n o / i c j i y w n o C T B a p n M a flOK j e 6mo y T e jie c H O M o6jiM Hjy m K a ^ a c e o 6 3 H a H n o Kao C h h B o m n j n ? X o f l a o je (m/im: n p e 6 M B a o ) O BA e rA e m t h . T o B o p n o je o 3 a K o n y n p n p o A e (mjim: npoTMB 3aKOHa n p n p o A e ) . A j i h j a t o 30 Be M CM p fiy. C h h B o m n j n , P e r n H y c e , 6 e m e Cm h H oB e KO B. A o h j e c a A p m a o o6 ojm J,y , j e p MMao j e m Jb yA C K o r n 6om aHCKor; c je A H e cTp a H e , M orao je caB/iaAaTM CM p T n o m T O j e 6 n o Cmh B o m n j n , a/in c A p y r e c T p a H e , n p e K O CMHa H 0 B e K 0 B 0 r M o ra o c e Bp a THTH y ri/ie p o M y ; j e p , n o T e K a o j e o A 0 3 r o , Kao c e M e MCTiiHe, n p e H e r o m TO y c T p o j c T B O ( c B e T a ) H a c T a A e y KOMe c e n o j a B n m e MHorii r o c n o A a p n n 6 o m a H C T B a . 3 h 8 m A a je p e m ehbe Ko je M3JiameM T e m K O nojM/bnbo, a/in HeMa Hnner T e m K o r y p e n n n c T H H e . A j i h n o m T O c e pemeH>e m3hocm t 3 k o A a H n m T a He o c T a H e c K p n B e H O , Befi A a c B e u j t o c e TMMe n o p e K jia 6 y A e ja cH O c j e A H e C T p a H e y H n m T e i b e 3Jia, a c a A P y r e o 6 ja B a OHOra m T o j e y 3 B n m e H O t o j e eMaHau,nja ncTMHe n /J,yxa, (a ) mmjioct j e A e o MCTMHe. Cna cM Te /b j e n p o r y T a o c m p t . T p e 6 a j i o 6 n A a 3Ham ( o t o M e ), j e p oh je y K jio H n o C B e T KOjn n p o n a A a . l~lpeo6pa3no ra j e (hjim: c e 6 e ) y 6 e c M p T H H eoH n n o A n r a o ra j e ( m i n : y c T a o j e ) K a ^ a j e n p o r y T a o BMA/bMBO HeBHA/bMBMM, n A a o HaM j e n y T Ka 6 e cM p TH O CTM . 3 a T 0 cm o T a ^ a , Kao mTO A n o c T O / i peMe, n a T m i n c a h>mm, m y c T a ji n cm o c a h>hm m nom/in Ha H e 6 o . Ajim aKO nocTOjM MO Ha obom C B e T y HOcetiM H>era, m h cm o H b eroB n 3 p a u n , m o h Hac A p m n a o HaLuer 3 ajia cKa, lu t o j e Ha m a c m p t y obom m n B O T y . O h Hac o a h o c h y H e 6 e c a Kao m TO cyHu,e o a h o c m c B o j e 3 p a K e , H e c n y T a H O o a 6 m i o Kora o b o je A y x o B H o BacKpceH>e, Koje o 6 y x B a T a n nj3MXMMK0 m Te jie c H O . A/in aKO n o c T O jn HeKo ko y t o He B e p y j e , nbera HMje M o r y h e y 6 e A H TM , j e p t o j e c T B a p B e p e , c n H e Moj, a He y6et)HBan>a. O H a j ko j e MpTaB, y c T a t i e . A Me1)y c|3HJi030c}DHMa 0 B 0 ra c B e T a MMa je A a H Kojn B e p y j e . Ajim o h tie y c T 3 T M , M HeKa cfDMJ1030Cj3 KOjM je Ha OBOMe CBe-
T y He n o B e p y j e A a j e oh mobck Ko jn c e okp e h e o k o c e 6 e c a M o r a . 3 6 o r H a m e B e p e , mh cm o y w c T H H y c n o 3 H a jin CMHa H o B e K O B o r, m Be p oB a jin cm o A a j e y c T a o M3 mptbm x. H 3a Hbera Kam eMO A a j e y H n m T M o c m p t , j e p y3B n m e H j e OHaj y Kora B e p y j y . y 3 B n m e H M c y ohm Kojn B e p y j y . M n c a o ohmx Kojn c y cn a ce H n Hetie He cTa TM , yM ohmx KOjn c y ra c n o 3Hajin Hetie H e c T a T H . Mm cm o , A a K jie , OAa6paHM 3a c n a c e L b e m MCKynjbeH>e, n o m T O je o a noMeTKa 6 m i o n p e A O A p e t )e H O A a He naA HeMo y 3 a 6 ji y A y o h h x Kojn c y 6 e 3 ca3HaH>a, m A O c e m y t i e M o M y A p o c T ohmx Kojn c y ca3na/in cT MHy. 1/lcTHHa KOja je MyBaHa He M om e c e HanyCTHTM , hmtm c e OHa nojaBn/ia. Cnc T e M ri/iepoM e j e mbpct, o h o m T O c e o a b o jn/io j e Ma/io; o a T o r a j e n o c T a o CB eT. A j i h CBeKOJiMKO M H 0 m T B 0 j e o h o m T o j e o 6 y x B a tieHO, o h o HMje H a c Ta jio , o h o j e n oc Toja / io. C T o r a , He cyMHDaj y BacKpceHae, c n H e Per n H y c e . J e p , a n o hmcm n M a o T e jie c H O o6jimmje , a o 6 m o cm ra K a ^ a cm A o m a o Ha CBeT. 3 a lu t o He 6m npnMMO T e jie c H O o6jiMMje KaAa c e y 3 A n m e m a o e o H a ? O h o m T o j e y 3 B nm e H M je o a T e / ie c H o r o6jiMMja, o h o lu t o My 3H3mm m n b o t , o h o l u t o H a c T a je p a A H T e 6 e , 3ap t o H n je T B O je ? 3 a p o h o m T o j e T B o j e HMje y T e 6 n ? Ajim a o k cm Ha obom C B e T y , m T a tm HeA O C T a j e ? To cm m e j ie o A a c a 3 H a m . rio p a tia iby T e jia AO/ia3n c T a p o c T , m tm cm CM p Ta H. 3 a r y 6 n T a K tm c/ ie A y je A o 6 n T a K , j e p K a ^ a HanycTM iu oBaj CBeT, He tie m n p e A a TM o h o m TO j e y 3 B n m e H 0 . O h o u it o j e jiorne hmcko je , ajin 3a t o cjieAM mmjioct. Hmko Hac, Aa Kjie , He n c K y n jb y j e , a/in mm Kojn cm o CBeKOJiMKO M h o l u t b o , mm cm o cn a ce H M . Mm cm o npnM M /iM c n a c e i b e o a j e A H o r Kpaja a o A P y r o r . Mnc/immo TaKO, m n p n M a jM o TaKO. A/in HeKM m e /ie A a c a 3 H a jy A a /im tie oHaj KOjM 6 y A e c n a ce H K a ^ a HanycTM CB oje Te/io 6mtm c n a c e n O AM a x . H e n a hmko y t o He cyMH>a. HaKO A a Ae/IOBM Te/ia KOjM c y BMA/bMBM (a/lM) MpTBM He 6 y A y cn a ce H M , K a ^ a tie o h o m TO je y ieny mMBO y c T 3 T M ? LLiTa j e OHAa B a c K p c e tt.e ? To je BeMMTo OTKpOBeHDe ohmx kojm c y ycTa/iM. J e p , aKO naMTMm A a y Je B a Ht)e /by nMme KaKo c e E/iMja nojaBMO, m c a h>mm M o j c M j e , HeMoj noMMC/iMTM A a j e B a c K p c e ib e npMBMA- To hmje npMBMA H e ro mctmhb (MMhbeHMi^a). Ba/ba petiM A a je n p e OBaj CB eT npMBMA H e ro BaC K p c e ib e Koje c e AecM/io H am eM f o c n o A y
[ 19]
O d p e J)u e a ib e u
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Cnacme/by H c y c y X p n c iy . Ajim 3 a m T 0 Te cafla ywMM? }+!hbm fie yM p e Tn . Y KaHBoj caMO 3a6jiyAM ohh mnBe! B oraTn c y o cnpoM aiunjim, a Hpa/beBM cy 36aHeHM ca npecTO/ia. C B e ce Mehba. CBeT je npnBMA, Aa o TOMe oflBeli He pacnpeflaM. Aam Hnje TaHo ca B a c H p c e HaeM, jep to je yTBpfjeHa MCTMHa (MHhbeHM^a), OTKpoBeHae oHora llito je c T e m n p e o 6 pamaja cTBapn, m npe/ia 3 aH y hobo. J e p , 6 e c mpthoct n p e [n p n B a ] c m p th o c t m CBeT/io 06 jimBa TaMy, cacBMM je nporyTaB tun. M FljiepoMa ncnyH>aBa npa3HHHy. T o c y 3 HaMeH 3a m npn3opn BacHpceHba. T o je oho lu to cTBapa Ao6po. HeMOj, CTora, onamaTM caMo A e o u e jiMHe, 0 PerMHyce, m jeAHHCTBeHOCTM paAM, He boam h{mbot y cnjiaAy ca 3 axTeBMMa obora Tejia, Beti HanycTM pa3ABOjeHOCT m OHOBe, n eTO BacHpceH>a. Je p , ano onaj nojn tie yMpeTM 3Ha Aa tie yMpeTM nano y obom h w BOTy npomnBM MHore roAMHe, 6 nBa AOBeAeH A 0 Tora 3aiuTO tm He cM aTpaiu c e 6 e BacKpcjiMM m AOBeAeHMM AO Tjie? A h o n o c e A y jem BacHpceH>e a m AaJbe h<hbmlu nao Aa tieiu yMpeTM a OBaj nnan 3Ha Aa je yM po 3aiuTO ce oHAa ja He o6a3npeM Ha TBoj HeAocTaTan BemTMHe? C B ano T p e 6 a Aa B e w 6a Ha BMiue HaMHHa, m 6 ntie o c jio 6 ot)eH oa 0B0r npnpoAHor 3aHOHa, Te Hetie CHpeHyTM c nyra, m n 0 H0 B0 tie c e 6 e npnMHTM y np B o 6 n Thom o 6jiMMjy. O Be caM CTBapn npnM no a o 6pohmhctbom Tocn oA a M cyca X p n c Ta . C a o n lutmo [c a M ] m x BaMa n Bamoj 6 patin, c h h o bm mojm. A h o MMa HeMera OABeti A y 6 oK or y 0B0j p a c n p a B i i , n p o T y M a M n t i y BaM t o K a ^ a 3aTpamnTe. Ajim He 6 yAn c a ^ a 3aBMAaH cnpaM 6 mjio nora k o tm n pnnaA a m Mome obmm Aa ce oKopncTM. M h o r i mejbHO MLUMeHyjy obo l u t o tm Hanncax. O b o caonm TaBaM paAn Mnpa Met)y H>nMa m m hjioctm. I1o3ApaBjbaM Te 6 e n OHe Kojn Bac Bojie 6 paTCK 0 M
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hbe , y HaiueM K O H T e K C T y j e O A p e f ) e H O K a o C K p M B e H o , o 6 j a B J b e H o n c n a c o H O C H O 3HaHae. A p y r n M p eM M Ma, t o j e 3HaH>e T a j H O , a o Hber a c e H e AOJia3M n p n p o A H H M n y T e M , a n o c e A O B a n > e 3HaH>a 6 m t h o M ert.a n o j i o m a j 0 H 0 ra K o j n r a n o c e A y j e . T o j e 3Han>e a o a 3 t h o o a pefjeHO n o c e 6 HHM T e o p n j C K M M c a A p m a j e M , CBeTOM Ko jn j e npeAM eT To ra 3HaHja, a y y c Tp o jc TB y To ra cBeTa BeoMa j e 3HaMajHa y j i o r a 3HaH>a: ,,iu Ta T o r a 3HaHaa c a A p m n 0 6 ja u iH je n b e _ H > e ro B o r n o p e n jia , HaMMHa caon-
LUTaBaH>a m o 6 etiaHor A e jcTB a . yn cTM H y, c n CTeM y H H B e p 3 a jiH o r 6wtia, n o jn m ocnc TyM3MM y H y T a p CBOjMX T e o p n j C K M X O K B H p a , 3 a C H O B 3 H j e Ha c a M O M n o j M y m o c n c a , T e y c b o M e C K J i o n y c a A p m n y n y T C T B O y n o r j i e A y H>ero B or nopa OTKpviBai-b a c n a c 0 H0 C H e n o j e A H H M ,y . M otin OBa
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[ 20]
wny 6 o m a H C K y A p a M y ; HDeroBa c j i o m e H a c a Aaujhba c m y a u ,M ja Be3aHa 3a n a ^ ; H je m B O HCTMHCKO MCXOAHLUTe. H ariO KO H, yHeH>e o cn a ce h b y, n o je A M H a nhom m c B e o n u j T e M : n o c ^ e f l H je C T B a p n o flro B a p a jy npBMMa, n p e o 6 p a w a j n fla , n o B p a Ta K cbm x cTBapn B o ry . O B e T e M e , Ko je c e cjjopMajiHo M o r y K/iacncjDMKOBaTM Kao T e o j i o r u j a , K 0 C M 0 J i0 m ja , a H T p o n o j io r n ja m e c x a T O J i o m j a , Kao Ta K B e c y n p n c y T H e m y m o c Tn i4 M 3 M y n y A p y m M p e jinrnjcKMM c n c T e M H M a . l i l T a je t o u j t o m x MMHM MCKJbyMMBO mOCTMHKMM y OHMM CJiyHajeBMMa K a ^ a o c e f i a M o A a m x Bajba KJiacncfDnKOBaTM Kao Ta K B e ? Je fla H (|)aKTop k o jh j e B e h n o M e H y T j e c T e
O B a j A M H 3 MM3 3 M BMAJbMB j e Befi y y n e h b y o 6 o m a H C T B y : o h o M c n p B a n p e 6 MBa y c n o n o j C T B y BeHHe npeer3MCTeHu,Mje, ajiM c e y j e A h o m T p e H y T K y ja B J b a n o A C T M ^ a j 3 a n p o u e c , , y H y T a p t t > e r c T B a p a n > a n o j e c e O A B M ja y bm-
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c n e u in in H a H c T a T y c 3HaHaa y CBaKoj o a cfc>a3a Kpo3 Koje npojia3M MeTac}3M3M4Ka pacnpaB a. B o h o h c t b o y n p n M o p A n j a ji H o j ApaMM Tprin
ry 6 n T a K ca3Hahba Kojn y T n n e Ha j e ^ a H HjeroB A eo, HMMe c e M0Ancj3HKyje C T a T y c u,ejiMHe. H e flO C T a Ta K 3HaH>a n c n o jb a B a c e Kpo3 A p c k o c t m 3 a 6 j i y A y A e M n j y p u j K o r cTBapahba, m 6 nB a T p a j H o O T e j io T B o p e H y c B e T y KOjn tmm n y T e M H a c T a j e . H o b o k o b o 6nTMcaHbe Ha obom
HMjer j e A a T y M a : o B a j o h t o j io u u k m a n c M O M ,
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e B O Jiy i4MOHM3 M y , npMcyTaH je Kano y m ocTMl4M3 M y T 3 K0 M y CBMM Bep TM KaJlHMM *' MOA ejiM M a n o 3 He aHTMHKe e n o x e ohm c y K a T n a A a H a 3 MBaHM ,, a j i e K c a H A P M j c K M M c n e -
KyjiaTMBHMM M O A e JlO M , a OH j e , y cj)MJ1030cf)c k o m n o r j i e A y , A O C T M r a o B p x y H a n y rijiO T M h o b o m A e J i y . B a jb a , M e t jy T M M , 3 a n a 3 MTM A a rHOCTMHKM eMaHUMOHM3 aM , 3a p a 3JlMKy OA x a p M D H M H H o r e M a H a u ,M 0 HM3 M a H e o n j i a T O H M c T a , K a p a K Te p M u ie K a T a c T p o c } 3M HHOCT. hberoB p a 3 BOjHM T O K O A B M ja C e y <t>OpMM H p M 3 e , M A e m a B a j y c e H e y c n e c M m n p o n a c T M . llo p e M e h a j y BM CMHaM a 3 aHMtt,e K p e T a n > e y c M e p e n o HaHM me n o je c e HacTaB Jba y BMAy A p a M e naA a m O T y tje H b a . M a T e p M j a j i H M C B e T j e c T e 3 a bp u jh m hm h O B o r e n a o n p o n a c T M . OBaj n a T 0 M 0 pc{)HM bm a m o c T M H K o r e M a HenocpeAHO y n a 3y je
CBeTy KapaKTepm iie 0 A c yc TB 0 3Hahba, n p o n CTeKJio H3 n p u p o A e c B e T a , KOje 3 k tm b h o n o A CTMHy HaeroBe c m i e ; n 0 H 0 B H 0 B a c n o c T a B J b a hbe 3Han>a n p e A C Ta B Jb a c p e A C T B O cn acehba. riOUJTO CB3K0 OA OBMX CTahba npOMCTMHe M3 oH or Ko je My n p e T X 0 A M , i^ejiMHa ce Mome
CMaTpaTM jeAHMM KpeTaHbeM 3HaHja Bejinkmx p a 3 M e p a , KaKO y hberoBMM no3MTMBHMM a c n e K T H M a TaKO m y HberoBOM noMaH>KaHsy, oa n o n e T K a c T B a p n a o tt>nxoBor Kpaja. O b o nporpecnBHO KpeTahbe hmhm BpeMeHCKy o c y m o c T M H K o r CB e Ta , a o k BepTMKajiHM n o p e A a K e o H a m ccfjepa mmhm H>eroBy n p o c T o p H y o c y . A p^rM M peHMMa, BpeMe 6MBa n0K peH yT0 3aMaxoM A y x o B H o r mMBOTa: OBy C B e o 6 y x B a T H y AMHaMMKy, Hoja a o b o a m a o To ra A a CBana enM 3 0 A a C T B a p a HOBy, m A a CBe 3 a je A H 0 npeACTaBJbajy cj)a3e jeAH e TO Ta jiH e eBOJiyi4Mje , M opaM CMaTpaTM jou j je AH O M 6 m thom o a JIMKOM mOCTMU,M3Ma. T o je MeTac[)M3MKa HMCT o r KpeTahba m AoratiaH>a, HajAOCJieAHMje ,,M CTopMjcKa KOHi4enu,Mja y H M B ep 3 a jiH o r 6mtia npe X e r e j i a ( T a n o t i e mm je 3ajeAHMHKM ancmom MMnjiMu,MTHO caApm aH y o h t o j i o u i k o m c T a T y c y 3Han>a A a je ,,c y n c T a H U Ia c y 6 j e K a T ).
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j e A H y O AJi M Ky: H>eroB n 0 C T 0 j a H 0 m m tojiouihm n a p a K T e p . J e p , T p a r e A M j a m A p a M a , npM 3 a m naA, Tpam e TaroHM CTe, K O H K p e T H e M H A M B M A y a jiH e n p o 6 omaHCKe jiM K O Be yKpaTHO,
M M T c n e c|)Mrype, Ma k o ji m k o c m m 6 o j im h h o OHe 6 Mjie 3 a M M U iJb e H e . I I j i o t m h o b n a A BM tia, KojM j e y HeKMM a c n e n T M M a a H a j i o r a H m o c T M H H O M , O A B M ja c e n p o 3 a y T 0 H0 M H 0 n p e T a H j e 6e3JiMHh o 3 a M M m j b e H o , Ha 0 C H 0 B y j e A H e y H y T a p t t > e H y m H O C T M H o ja c a M y c e 6 e o n p a B A a B a . T h o c tm hkm naA A ejioBahba HM je M o r y f i 6 e 3 H e n p e A B M A M B o r cy6jeKTM BH M x o c e t ia h b a m BOJbe.
[ 21]
npnpofle mocTMM,M3Ma: He paAM ce caMO o (jDOpMa/lHOj Beh M O CyiJJTMHCK0j pa3/IMUM. KacHMje fieMO bmacth p,a je Ta MMTo/iomja cacBMM oco6eHor KapaKTepa y nopet)eHby ca ApyrnM MMTO/iornjaMa. U,n/b npBe, npeKOCMMMKe m KOCMoroHnjcne cj)a3e MHTa (3a th o c th h k h mmt napaKTePmctmhho je nocTOjahbe jacHO 0 A p e t)e H 0 r
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Mory
6mtm mohmctmhkm M3BeAe Aya/incTMHKM mcxoa, to tie pefin, flaTO CTahbe cTBapn, Koje je npeflCTaB/beHO obhm cBeTOM m 0 A p a w e H 0
a/iM3aM HOBena m C B e Ta oflpamaBa y paBHii n c K y c T B a npnMopAnja/iHM Aya/in3aM B o ra m CBeTa, m y m ocTMHKoj T e o p n jn je M3 H^era M3BefleH. M o r y t ie je m c y n p 0 TH 0 TyMaHeH>e, Aa je T p a H c u e H A e H T H o yHeht>e o c y n p 0 TH 0 CTM M3Met)y cBeTa m Bora noTeK/io o p MMaHeHTH o r n c K y c T B a pa3jeAMii>eH0CTM H o s e K a m CBeTa, t o j e c T pa o f lp a m a B a /byACKo c T a ^ e O Ty tieHOCTM. y tom CMMC/Iy, Aya/iM3aM ce Mome nOCMaTpaTM Kao KOHCTaHTHM, er3MCTeH4Mja/iHM npBM npMHi4Mn mocTMi4M3Ma, 3a pa3/iMKy o a npOMeH/bMBor, cneKyjiaTMBHor npBor npMHL^Mna y n o T p e 6 / b e H o r 3a H>er0B0 npeACTaB/bahbe. y o b o m cK/iony cacTaB/beHOM o a tp m nojMa, HOBeK m B o r y cyniTMHM c y 3ajeAHO HacnpaM c B e T a , a/iM Ta j c B e T mx pa3ABaja: npeMa mocTMHKOM cx BaTan>y, c b c t je O Tyt)yjytiM, pa3ABajajytiM c}DaKT0p. U,MJb je mocTMHKe cneKy/iai 4Mie, panne, pa OBe 0 CH 0 BHe m mcK y c T B e H o y T B p t ) e H e no/iapMTeTe no/ia3Hy
y noBeny.
OTyfla Aya/iM3aM TeK y KOCMHHKOj c|Da3M yHMBep3a/iHe MCTopnje, na Tano m y m ocTM HKoj KocMo/iornjn (to je c T, y cxBaTahby ^ a je Aoh>m cBeT BacnocTaB/beH o a ohmx nojn My npeTXOfle), 6nBa HeflBOCMMC/ieHO n3paw eH , AOK y npBMM c|Da3aMa MeTac}DM3MHHe re n e aziornje He Mopa 6mtm TaKO. HaKBM rofl 6m/im noHeu,n, M3 jeflHor, flBa m/im Tp n K o p e H a '1, ncTopnja Kpn3e npBo6wTHor 6ntia aoboam AO nofle/beHOCTM Metjy cT B a p n M a . C a H a c Ta H kom ,,KOCMOca\ cTBapHOCT je jacHO no/iapn30BaHa: orpoMaH pacnoH MHOiiiTBa HMBoa ccjjepa n eoHa OApawaBa wiipMHy pa3MaKa Met)y no/ioBMMa, a hbnxoBa M H0r0CTpyK0CT M3pa>KaBa Moti pa3ABajaHja Kojy MMa H e 6 o maHCKO, Kao m 0AB 0jeH 0 CT o a B o ra , r/ieflaHo ca 0B03eMa/bCKMx n p o c To p a . ,,Obom c B e Ty , HajHMWOj rpaHMM,M 6ntia, M3peneHa je n p e c y fla kocmmhkot necnMM3Ma. H a ^ a je M3roBopM HOBeK, ona 3H3HM A a je CTanbe p a 3 flB 0 je H 0 ctm yjeflHO m cTaHae x ao ca y KOMe je hobck Aa/ieKo oa CBora npaBor M ecTa. nocpeACTBOM Aya/iM3Ma, AOTaK/in cmo cpeAMiJJHjy TeM y y cMMcjDOHnjn m ocTHUM3M a. hteroBa je AOKTpnHapHa pa3pafla m hotoCTpyKa, m, Kao luto je Beti yKa3aHO, A o n y m Ta cymM/iHo KOM6 MHOBai-be ca mohmctmhkhm npBo6MTHMM npMHi4nnoM; Met)yTHM, oh je y CBeK0/iMK0M m ocTmj,M3My npn cyTaH npe CBera y jeflHOM paflMKa/iHOM BHfly Kojn a o MMHkipa mOCTMHKHM CT3B0M M cjeflMHDyje H>eroBe BeoMa pa3HopoflHe MaHMc}DecTai4Mje. Aya/iM3aM ce ncno/baBa y 0 A H 0 cy M3Met)y HOBena m C B e ra , nao m y 0 flH 0cy M3Mef)y cBeTa n Bora. y o6a c/iynaja p a ^n ce o A.ya/iM3My aHTMTeTMHKnx a He KOMn/ieMeHTapHnx nojMOBa, KOjn je y cyLUTMHM jeAHHCTBeH; p,y -
npeMM cy mocTMHKe er3MCTeHi4Mje noCpeACTBOM reHeTMHKMX MMTOBa M3BeAe M3 OHora llito je n o TeopMjM npBO, Kao m Aa noc p e A C TB O M TaH Be reH ea/iom je, npeBa3M/ia3etiM caM y TeopM jy, nonam e n yT na h>mxobom pa3pemehby. Ha Taj HaHMH mmt, CBecHa cmm6o/iMHKa KOHCTpyKL4Mja, n o cTa je npopoHKM
3aTO m TO je reHeTCKM, ecxaT0/i0mKM 3 a T0 m TO TyM3HM, m np e y3 M M a Ha c e 6 e y/iory c p e A C T B a cnaceHba y cnnapy c a npojeKi^MjoM THOCTMHKe AOKTpMHe. ripeAOAPet)eHM U,M/b THOCTMHKOr MMT3 yc/ioB/baBa H>erOBy KOHi4enL4Mjy m OABMjaH>e.
y CBeT/iy OB3KO AecjDMHMcaHor 4M/ba, pa3motpmmo jom jeAHOM cyKL4ecMBHe c}Da3e mmTa m n 0 Tp a m M M 0 y H>MXOBOj TMno/iomjM jom Hene KapaKTepMCTMHHe OA/iMKe. TMnMHaH rHOCTMHKM MMT, KdKO CMO Befi BMAe/lM, nOHMH>e ynehbeM o 6om aHCKoj TpaHCLi.eHAeHTHOCtm y hbeHoj npBo6MTHoj hmctotm; 33Tmm ce npaTM MCTopMja HacTaHKa CBeTa nao noc/ieAMLi,a Henor npMMopAMja/iHor HapymaBan>a CTaiba 6/iameHCTBa: OBaj r y 6 M T a n MHTerpMTeTa 6om aHCTBa aoboam a o nojaBe HMmMx cm/ia Koje n o c Ta jy TBopi^M m B/iaAaoL4M 0B0ra CBeTa; 33tmm, nao cpeAMmH>y enM30Ay y ApaMM, mmt npMnoBeAa o cTBapahby HOBena m npBMM CTaAMjyMMMa H>eroBe cyA6MHe Aa/i>m pa3Boj KOHc}D/iMKTa yc pe A cp e t)e H je na HOBena; 3aBpmHa TeM a, noja je 3anpaBO cbg
[ 22]
BpeMe HaroBeuiTeHa, je c T e mobchobo c n a c e H>e: oho Hnje caMO MOBeHOBO, je p T y c y yn jbyHeHM n HaflB^aflaBaH^e m, hoh3hho, pa3/iaraH>e hocmmhhot c n cTeM a , Tano Aa cnaceH>e npeACTaB/ba MHCTpyMeHT n 0 H0 BH0 r BaenoCTaB^aH ja Hapym eHe uejiOBMTOCTn caM or 60 maHCTBa, o a h o c h o caMocnacehba Bora. OBa ca m e Ta Bep3nja TMnMHHor m ocTM HHor MHTa n p y w a HaM nojMOBe 3a fla/be pa3MaTpaH>e: 6 om aHcna TpaHCu,eHAeHTH 0CT, Hwwe CM/ie, HOBeH, cn ace H je. Pa3MOTpMMO m x ynpaTHO. TpaHCM,eHAeHTHOCT BpxoBHor Som ancTBa y M3y3eTHOj M e p n j e HarviaujeHa y cBeno/iMHOj THOCTHHHOj Te o jio rn jn . TonOflOLUHH, 60 maHCTBO je M3H3A OBora CBeTa: o h o n p e 6 nBa y concTBeHOM u,apcTBy noje j e cacBHM n3BaH OHBMpa c|)M3HHHOr HOCMOCa, HeM3MepHO Aa/ieno o a HOBeHOBOT 3eMa/bCHor 6 opaB m uTa.
O h t o / io w k m , o h o j e aHOCMHHKO, na n m 3htm hocmmhho: cnpaM ,, 0 B0 r cB e Ta " m CBera l u t o My npnnaAa, o h o j e c ^ l u t h h c k h ,,ApyraHM je
eMaHau,Mja,
0 B0 r
yHyTapn>er
MHOLUTBa
oa
H a T y p a jin c -
p e i 4H M 0 , cencyaJiHe T e p M H H O J i o m j e .
M e t ) y MarjioBMTo m m t o j i o l u h h m e H T H T e T M M a H o jn c e T y n o j a B J b y j y M3A B a j a j y ce H e n n h o h n p e TH n jn eHTH TeTn H o jn M M a jy O A petieH e y jio r e y AaJbeM A p a M e : ,, M o B e H je p a 3 B O jy T p a H C u , e H A e H T H e na o BeHHH, npeKOCMHHHH ,,C o cf)M ja I o 6 w h h o ,,X p n c T o c h jih
ca
ripBMM
B n fie M );
,, H a j M J i a f ia jimh. O B a H B e je o
M ef)y
eoHMMa;
HeKM CJlHHaH 0 6 H 0 BMTe/bCHM H CnaCM TeJb CHM BeoMa p a 3 p a f)e H e cn e K y jia u ,n rijie p o M n
c T e M e , a jin n 3 B e c T a H c T e n e H M H o r o c T p y n o c tm y bmlumm ccf)epaMa 6 n t i a H e o n x o A a H j e e j i e M e H T c B e K O J i n K e m o c T H H H e M e Ta cf)H 3 MHe, j e p C T B a p a n p e A y c j i O B e 3 a 5 o w a H C H y na TH>y n H e c a B p u j e H O C T , Ha neMy n o n n B a T e m i t a na CTBapaH>y cnoj ja jiH e m O T y f )e H > y . Oeaj napaAOHcaJiHM m napu,nje A H y npajhbe T paH C u,eH A ei th o ctm
M ,,OHOCTpaHO (M apH H O H ), OHOCTpaHM KHnb o t (M a H A e ju ,n ), a Ta n o ^ e ra 30By ,,A y 6 nHa MJIM ,,a M 6 n c (BaiieHTHHOBMH), H3H M ,;He- 6 Mtie (Ba3M/iMA). EnMCTeM 0/i0 WHM, 3 6or TpaHCMeHAeHTHOCTM M OHOCTpaHOCTM cBora 6 ntia, nao m c To ra u j t o ra n p n p o A a HMKaAa He OTHpnBa hmtm y o n w T e y n a 3 y j e Ha tt,era, o h o j e npnpoAHO H eca 3HaTO (n a tu ra lite r ign o tu s ), Hen 3penMBO, M3Mnne npeABntiaHby, HaAmia3M Moti noi/iMai-ba, m a n c 0jiyTH 0 j e HecxB 3 TJbMB0 . M o ry My ce npnnncaTM Henn no3MTMBHM 8T p n 6 yTM M MeTacf)Ope: CBeTJlOCT,
J+Imbot, A y x , O Ta u ,, A o 6 p o ajin He C t b o pnTeJb, BjiaAajiaM, C y A n j a . 3 H a n a j H O j e lu t o j e y HennM c n c T e M M M a je A H O o a H>eroBMx T a j H n x MMeHa ,,MoBeH . A n c n y p c 0 ib e M y y r jiaBHOM M op a o n e p n c a T M HeraTMBHHM o A p e A Hn u a M a , T e m oc TM u,n3 a M y n c T o p n j c K O M n o r j ie A y n p e A C Ta B Jb a je A H O o a n 3 B o p m u T a HeraTMBHe T e o j i o r n j e .
HecaBpLueHOCTM
n p e A C Ta B jb a
o a HapaHTepncTM Ha m ocTM H H e Te o jio rn je , m o 6 ja u iH >a Ba H>eHy c n p e M H O C T , T a H H n j e p e n e h o n o T p e 6 y , A a hopm ctm O A p e fje H e bhaobc n o j i M T e n c T M H H o r MMTa y c j i y m 6 n j e A H e n p e B a c x 0 A H 0 M O H O T e M C T H H H e HO HU .enu .nje.
A n o c o jiy T , MefjyTMM, Hnje ycaM/beH, Befi je OKpymeH aypoM BeHMTMx, x n je p a p x n jcH n x MaHMcf)ecTai4Mja CBOje 6 ecHOHaHHOCTM, nap14Mjaji hnm acneHTMMa CBoje caBpLueHOCTM, x n n o c Ta 3 MpaHMM y BMAy 6 ntia noja npnBMAHO r i o c e A y j y j im h h o c t a n o c e npajibe a n c T p a H T Ha nMeHa, m 3 ajeAH 0 HHHe x n je p a p x n jy 60 maHCHor MapcTBa (fljie p o M e ). Pa3BMTaK, mji m
KpeTahbe ycM epeHO HaHnwe noje H a p yw a Ba caMOAOBOJbHOCT 6 om aHCHor cBeTa Mome 6 mtm npoy3p0H0BaH0 AeJiOBahbeM MpaHHnx ci/uia cnojba (lu to noApa3yM eBa npeer3HCTMpajyfiM A ya / in 3 a M ), mjim, u jto je napaK TepncTMHHMje, yHyTapH> 0M np n 3 0 M m rpeuiHOM yH yTap caM or 6 om aHCHor u,apcTBa (HMMe ce cTBapa npeAyc/iOB 3a HacTaHan m pa3Boj A ya/iM3Ma). ripoTaroHM CT n a ^a Mome 6 mtm m weHCHM (Cocf)Mja) m MywHM (A H T p o n o c ): 060je M ory o/iMHaBaTM A e o 6 ow aHCTBa 3axBafieH naAOM, m Tano n o c Ta jy r/iaBHa d ra m a tis p e rso n a . C B e y CBeMy, M3r/ieAa Aa je Cocf)MjMHa y/iora AeTa/bHMje p a 3 p a tje H a . O BA e je 6 mtho to Aa naA HojM je M3a3Bao Ma nojM oa obmx HMHM/iai^a Mopa MtiM a o npaja CBojMM to kom , H3H m naAa BMwe CM/ie n o n yw a B a jy Aa ra n p e ycM e p e ; cynpoTCTaB/ba-be OBe ABe TeHAeHu,Mje tohom HMTaBor npou,eca n a ^a , a v tm hm3 anuMja m npoTMBannMja, npeACTaB/ba
[ 23]
rjiaBHy r e w y rHOcrnHHe n p M riO B e crn . V rt>eHoj MauiTOBMToj p a 3pafln yowaBaMO BeoMa mnBonncaH cM n ca o 3a Kopnnifiehbe paTH Mx ^yKaBCTaBa Ha o 6 e c T p a H e : nan m y c T p a T e rnjn cnacehba n o c T o j n je A a H e n e M e H T JiyKaBOCTM M HaflMyAPHBahba. OBO M CBOjOM O fl^ nkom mocTmj,M3aM 6e3 MMa/io 3 a 3 o p a npMan>a y3 TpaAnu,njy n a r a n c K o r no/iMTen3Ma, Koja c e Ha Heo6nHaH HaHMH c T a n a c a j y A e o - x p m u tiaHCKMM nonMai-beM 6owaHCKe y3 BM m e -
HOCTkl.
Met]y cn/iaMa H M w e r p e ^ a (naKBO t o a 6m/io hbMXOBO nop e n/io), H a jn c T a K H y T M jn j e jimk fleMMjypra. O B a j /imk j e A H o r H e c a B p m e Hor, c/ienor m/ih 3/ior TBopi^a npeACTaB/ba mocTMHKn chm6o/i n p B o r p e A a . l4>eroBe o n lUTe OA/inne O A p a w a B a j y t h o c t h h k m n p e 3 n p npeMa obom CB eTy; ibe roB KOHKpeTaH o n n c MecTO npeACTaB/ba ziano npeno3HaT/bM By napnKaTypy C T a p o 3 a B 6 T H o r B o r a : o TO M e h e M O HeuJTO peliM AOU,HMje. O x o / i o c t , He3HaHje n 3/io6a CTBopnTe/ba cTa/iHe c y T e M e t h o c t m h kmx npnnoBecTM, nao n noHMwei-ba KOja T p n n oa CTpaHe bmijjhx cn/ia n o je ra H a A M y A p y j y m ocyjefiyjy hberoBe n/iaHOBe. M e t i y T H M , y UJMpOKOM paCnOHy rHOCTMHKMX MHTO/lOTHja H^eroB /ihh Bap np a : n o c T o j e 6/iame Bep3Mje, y KojnMa je oh Bnrne 3a 6 / iy A e o Hero 3ao, T e je OTyAa cnpeMaH A,a c e nonpaBM n n o n a j e , na nan m Ha noHaHHo nc K yn/beHje . A/iii oh je yBeK npo6/ieMaTMMaH, HMHaaa nvi k f lo c T o ja H noiuTOBaH.a. h be r0 B0 M e c T o M o m e 3 a y 3 e T n n/iypa/iMTeT cn/ia (peu,MMo, 3ajeAHnu,a ,,Ce* A3M cm ia ); M et)yTHM , n 0 T n y H 0 O A c y c T B O OBaKBOT cnM6o/ia MHcfrepMopHor m/im M3onaMeHor TBopu,a cB e T a , HaeroBor nopeTKa m/ih MaTepnje, Teu jn o A a 6m Henora HaBe/io Aa T3KBy AOKTpMHy npMXB3TM KaO THOCTMHKy. Ba/ieHTMHoea Bep3Mja, HajcynTMnHMja o a cbmx, npMHa3yje A e M M j y p r a Kano y3a/iyAHO noKymaBa Aa CBOjMM cf)M3MHKMM n o p e T K O M onoHama caBpmeHM n o p e A a K ll/ ie p o M e , a CBOJMM KpMBOTBOpeHMM BpeM eH OM hbeHy BeHHOCT t o je H,eroB A o n p M H O c napoAMjM
n'/iaTOH je ynMO p, AOMMjypr nonMp MAeanHe apxeTM noBe; Kao m y hmtbbom yHeHjy o ,,4DopMaMa , MM/b je 6mo Aa ce ,,KonMjM nopeA H eonxoAHe HecaBpmeHOCTM npnnMme m M3BecHa Mepa Ba/baHOCTM: hteHa cnMHHOCT opMrMHa/iy, ko/imho to a je to M orytie f npeACTaB/ba ite H y A e o y caBpm eHCTBy m onpaBAaBa hbeHO nocTOjaHDe. H a c y n p o T obomo, y rH0CTMU,M3My ce Taj motmb npeo 6 pa w a B a y motmb He3aK0HMT0r onoHamaH>a (kpm botbopehba), Koje je a p c k o , a m Tpa/baBo je o6aB/beHO. yKa3MBahbe nonacTM npeTB apa ce y cpaM OTy. KaAa apxoHTM Kaniy: ,,X a jA e , c tb o pMMO HOBena npeMa kojm cmo BMAe/iM , tmmo ce MCT0BpeMeH0 M3onanyje m 6M6/iMjcko m nnaTOHCKO Hac/ietje, a pe3y/iTaT Tora HOBeK CTBopeH nao im a g o D e i, He caMO Aa hm M3Aa/ieKa He npeACTaB/ba MeTac{3M3MHko yKa3MBahbe nonacTM, Beti nonpMMa jeAaH CyMHDMBM, aKO He M CaCBMM 3/10K06HM cmmcao. noKpeTaHKM motmb apxoHaTa je m/im nyna 33BMCT m aM6Mu,Mja, MnM cpanyH aTa HaMepa Aa 3apo6e 6ow aHCKy c y n c Ta H u y y cbom AOhbeM cB e Ty, y npMMaM/bMBOM m npMBMAHO AO/iMKyjytieM npe6MBanMmTy noje tie n o cTa tm hberoBa Hajnoy3AaHMja TaMHML^a. EMno naKO 6MnO, K0H3HH0 yC Tp0jC TB 0 HOBeKOBO, npeM Aa yr/iaBHOM Aeno apxoHaTa, ca A P ^M m jeAaH 0H0CTpaHM ,,AyxoBHM e/ieMeHT. O b o npMcycTBO TpaHCU,eHAeHTHor Ayxa y nCMXOC|3M3MHKOM HOBeKy, Koje ce y THOCTMHkmm cneKy/ianMjaMa TyMaHM Ha pa3JiMHMTe HaHMHe (6m/io Kao y c n e x hmwmx CM/ia, 6Mno nao /iynaBCTBO BMmMx cMna), npeM Aa je yBen napaAOKcanHa, ,,HenpM poAna HMhbeHMU,a, napajbe npeACTaB/ba ynopMm Hy TaHKy co Te pMO/iomne ApaM e. ripe6MBaH3e A yx a Ha obom CBeTy npeACTaB/ba cTaibe M3rHaHCTBa, pe3 ynTaT MCKOHCKe TpareAM je 6ow aH CKor, a yTa na n >e y T e n y m AyuJM j e c T e 3aBpmHM bma To ra M3maHCTBa a/iM MCT0BpeMeH0 m npM/lMKa 3a hberoBo M36aB/beH3e. LUto ce , Metiytmm, apxoHaTa TMHe, yHomeHse 0B0r y3BMmeHor e/ieMeHTa o a BMTa/iHor je 3Hanaja 3a h>mxob CMCTeM: CTora ce no CBany ueHy M opajy OAynpeTM hberoBOM M36aB/behby M3 kocmmhKor poncTB a, KOMe Te m e BMiue cnne pa^M noHOBHOT BacnocTaB/baH>a i^e/iMHe 6owaHCKor. Ba/ba MCTatiM Hene AeTa/be KojM c y Ty caAPttOHM. flpBM je MAeHTMHHOCT, MnM KOHcyn-
6n6/lMjCK0r CTBOpMTe/ba, ll/iaTOHOBOM fleMMjypry. HocpeACTBOM nojM a ,,o noH a m a h be A O T a K /ii/i cmo ce jo m j e A H e 3 H a na jH e rHOCTMHKe TeMe. O h ce npBM n y T jaB/ba (noM ano ctm a/bMBo) y OKBMpy o n m Te r k o c m m h k o t nnana, ajin r/iaBHy y/iory MMa y cTBapaH3y HOBena.
[ 24]
CTaHMMjajiHOCT, MO BenoBor y H y T a p h b e r 6nfia m BpxoBHor y 3 B m u e H o r B ora, o r a n e c T O Ha3MBajy ,,H o B e K : KpajLba MeTacf)H3HHKa y3BMiueHOCT npeKJiana ce , y aK0CMMMK0j cyiuTMHM HOBeKOBOj, c a KpajHbOM KOCMMHKOM O Tyf)e HO m fiy . CjieflefiM a eTa/b j e c T e 3aMMcao o c t b o peHOM c B e T y Kao cM C Te M y CMJia y c M e p e H M X Ka 3apo6jbaBaH>y T o r y3 B M iu e H o r 6Mfia: CBe je , n o n e B ojo, o n iU Te r k o c m m h k o t njiaHa a o HOBeKOBe nCMXOCj)M3MHKe KOHCTMTy4Mje, y cnym6n 0 B 0 r c Tp a x o TH o r LjMJba t o je mcKJbyHMBO ofljiMKa m o c T M H K o r W e lta n s c h a u u ng-a. T p e h M ^ e T a j b je HMHDeHMU,a ^ a je rjiaBho c p e A C T B o 3apo6jbaBaHDa ,,He3HaH3e" Ko je c e aKTMBHo M3a3MBa m o f lp m a B a , t o j e c T , o T y fieHDe 6Mha o p c e 6 e Kao HaeroBO AOMMHaHTh o ,,n p M p o A H o CTahbe. MeTBpTM, Kao n o c ji e flMLja n p e T X 0 f lH 0 r , j e c T e HMhbeHMua A a j e
CTMHy 33MMCJ1MO je fla H AOMMHaHTHM MOfleJl M CMMcao MCTopMje CBeTa, c a OApefieHMM l*m/beM
H acynpoT
mo
T y HeM a M e cTa
3a
K p a jb e B C T B a
m
H apoAe, caHOBenaHC TB a p M , :
3a
A yLu e . H n a K , y jio r je o n u jT M
ko j ' m
h m t3B0
c tb o
, a y 3 H>era
nope^aK
H a n a h e H o r 6 o H H a H C TB a . n o c e A y j y 3 H a H je "
m
M atbM HM , a/iM n p o c T o p H e 0 B 0 ra n p o u e c a cy
Bpe-
pa3Mepe
3av\cia
C B e o 6yxB a TH e.
O bm m c m o c e BpaTMJiM Hamoj npBoj TeMM, ,,3HaKby , Koje c e cafla pa3M aTpa y HieroBOM C0TepM0Ji0LUK0M a cne K Ty, Te c To ra y Be3M ca cyA6MHOM H O BenaHCTBa. C0TepM0Ji0UJKa cj)yHKL4Mja 3Han,a , yTeM ejbeHa y 0 m u T 0 j o h TOJiomjM CMCTeMa, b o a m HaAOBe3yjyfiM ce Ha TpaHcueH fleHTHy npaMCTopMjy a o k o h i4enu,Mje jbyflCKe u c T o p n j e y BMfly CBe B e h e r noceAOBanba 3Haiba o a c T p a H e reHepau,Mja jbyflM, lu t o M3MCKyje oTKpoB enbe Hao H e o n x o a h o cpeACTBO hbeHor oABMjahba. llo T p e 6 a 3a OTKpoBeHbeM npMpoheHa je n apajiM 30Bah o m yHyTapKOCMMHKOM cTaH jy 3apo 6jbeH or A yx a , m FberoBa n o ja B a Mehba 6 m thm ejieM eHT T o r a CTaH>a ,,He3HaLbe". 3 a m ocTM Ke, He3HaHje HMje HeyTpajiHO cTaFbe, hm tm H anpoct o jiMiueHOCT, nyKO 0 A c yc TB 0 3Hahba, Beh n o 3 m tm b h o AejcTBO A yx a , LberoBa Moh, KOja A e jiyje ynpaBO y OKBMpMMa HOBeKOBe er3MCTeHu,Mje m cnpenaBa ra p,a caM OTKpMje m c TMHy, H3K m fla cxBaTM cBOje cTaH^e He3HaHsa. floBOJbHO je caMO pa noMeHeM c jim k o b m tm u,MKJiyc cHa, nMjaHCTBa, caM 03a60paBa A y m e . BowaHCKO OTKpoBeHae, AaKJie, m/im ,,no3MB" kojm npo6Mja T y 6apM jepy He3HaH>a, Beh npeflCTaBJba A e o cnaceHDa. 3 a n o n e TO ca A^aM O M , cTajiHo M3HOBa 0cyjehM BaH0 A e jio BaFbeM CMJia 0B0ra c B e T a , o h o c e HacTaBJba
yoHM Te, Mef)yTMM, Aa HOBenaHCTBO ne chocm O Am BopHO CT 3a CBojy HeBOJby, hmtm 3a H e o n xo A H o cT 6ow aHCKe MHTepBeHLiMje. O B fle HeMa npB op o A H o r rp e xa AflaM O B or: y c jiy n a jy Ka^a oh npBM npMMa 0TKp0BeHbe (lu to necTO 6MBa), He npMMa ra Kao n p e c T y n hmk Beh nao j+tpTBa HenocpeflH a mpTBa yrHDeTaBaH>a o a cTpaH e apxoH aTa, a y KpajH>oj jiMHMjM npMMopAMjajiHor nafla KOMe m oh m OBaj CBeT A y r y jy CBOje nocTOjahbe. LUto ce KpMBMUe TMHe, HMje OH KpMB, Beh EOHM KOjM c y M3a3BajiM nopeM ehaj y bmujmm ccj)epaMa; KpMBMu,a HMje /byACKa, Beh 6ow aHCKa, m HaCTajia je npe a He tokom CTBapanba 0B 0r CBeTa. O Ba pa3JiMHMTOCT cnpaM je B p e jc n o r m xpMUjhaHCKor CTaHOBMuiTa Mfle a o caMe cp mm m ocTM HKor c^eHOMeHa. M3Mef)y o cTa jio r, 3 6 o r hbe mocTMu,M3aM HMje 6mo y CTaHDy pa npMXB3TM 6MJ10 KaK3B 036MJbHMJM CMMCaO XpM CT0B0r yTejiOBJbeHja m p a cn e h a . A uiTa je ca caApm ajeM c n a co H o cH o r 3HaH>a? y ochobm, oho HM je HMLUTa A p y ro po caMa TpaHcu,eHfleHTHa MCTopMja, je p 0Ha mjim M3Jiawe mjim HaroBeujTaBa CBy n p o cB e Tjb y jy h y MCTMHy Kojy OBaj CBeT y c K p a h y je , a Koja je HeonxoflHa 3a cnacehbe: ,,3HaH>e o TOMe ko cmo 6mjim m ujTa cmo nocTajiM; rpe cmo 6mjim m rfle cmo 6aneHM; K y^a xmt3mo, a OAaKJie cmo M36aBJbeHM; ujTa je pofieHbe a LUTa BacKpcehbe". Thoctmhkm mmt y c y lutmhm yBen npeflCTaBjba TBpAhby y npMjior b3j+!hoctm HberoBor caonmTaBaH>a, Kao m npMnoB ecT o HbemBOM HaTnpMpoflHOM nopeK jiy. H a 0CH0By o63HaH>eHor c a flp w a ja m H>eroBor M3Bopa, oh ce6M npMnMcyje cnacMTejbCKy Moh Kafla 6wBa ca3HaT: yKpaTKo, oh je c ie
gnosis.
[ 25]
M e t }y rn M , n a n o c e C M a T p a fla j e c a 3 HaH,e ncTMHe Kao TaK Bo o o n o ^ a t i a j ^ t i e , no iu TO npo 6 yt)eHOM A y x y Bpatia HDeroBe n p n p o t j e H e MOtlM, OHO 0 6 MMH0 CaApHHH M M3BeCHy KO-
Hac/iytiyjeM o Aa MeTac})M3MMKO cTavbe a m c JlOMMpaHOCTM O KOMe rOBOpM mOCTMMKM MMT nMa CBoj naHAaH y cTBapHoj AncjiOMMpaHOctm : hberoBa CMM6ojiMMHa cf)opMa Kpn3e o a pam aBa M CTopnjcKy Kpn3y caM or MOBena. Pa3yMe c e , oBaKBa Kpn3a ncnojbaBa c e n y A p y m M 4)eHOMeHMMa To ra A o 6 a , jeBpejc KM M , xpwufiaHCKMM n naraHCKMM, o a Kojnx mhotm OTKpnBajy A y 6 o K y y3HeMMpeH0CT A y x a , BejuiK y H a n e To cT A y m e , c k jio h o c t Ka p a A M K a jiM3My, npeTepaH a OMeKMBahba m peuieHia CBeo6yxBaTHMx p a 3 M e p a . Fhoctmmkm T e M n e paMeHT MaH^e je o a cbmx APyrMx cnyTaH TpaAMi^MjoM, n p e M a Kojoj ce oahocm ca o c o 6 e hmm o a c ^ c tb o m nM jeTeTa, KopMCTetiM ce h>oMe 6 e 3 MKaKBor 3a3opa: obo noMaH>KaH3e nMje Te Ta , Koje je Ha Tano Heo6MMaH HaMMH 3A pyw eH O ca BejiMKMM 3aHMMatt.eM 3a ApeBHa n p e A a ib a , Bajba c M a Tp a TM jeAHOM o a 4*m3MOHOMMjCKM X OA/1MK3 m O C T M U ,M 3 M a . OBAe c e n o 3 M B a M Ha o h o u j t o c a M n p e m h o t o r o A M H a H a n M c a o o e j i e M e H T y peBOJi yL*M OHapHOc t m m c p y 6 e y m o c T M L j M 3 M y . K a A a 6m c e O B aj eJieM eH T TMH3 M3ABOjMO,
M3K0 t o
He 6m
MOMAa
He
6m
Ha obom M e c T y c e O AB ajaM O
lu to je c T e :
M C T o p M jc K e mjim eT HOJiOLUKe n a -
A p yre
CTpaHe,
HacynpoT
oboj
npe K O -
M e p H O j eM OU,MOHa/lHOCTM, M O p a M O yOMMTM A a c e m o c T M M K M mm t H e O A JiM K y je H a M B H o m t i y : y3 CBe H je ro B e H e3rpanH 0CTM , t o je jeAH O c j i o m e H o A e J i o , C B e c H O K O H C T p y M c a H O p a 6m n p e H e j i o O A p e t ] e H y n o p y K y , mjim MaK A a 6m M 3H e jio j e A H y T B p A H s y , m C B e c H O j e c a c T a B J b e H o o a e j i e M e H a T a n p e y 3 e T M X M3 paHMjMX M M TO B a. y n p a T K O p e M e H O , t o j e c e K y H A a p H a m A e p M B a T M B H a M M T O J i o m j a , a H je H a apTMc|)MM M je jiH O C T Ha HeKM HaMMH n p M n a A a FbeHOM
ToH rHOCTMMKMX CnMCa, CaM pTHO 036mjbaH Kao lu t o m npmiMMM yMe4>y o c n a c e H j y , caflp^M y c e 6 w m j e ^ a H n p n 3 B y n n o 6 y H e m npoTecTa. Hd h x o b o 0 A 6 a 4 HBaH 3e 0 B0 r c B e T a , tojimko yAa jbe HO o a c n o K o j c T B a mjim p e 3 n r HMpaHOCTM o c T a j i n x H e c B e r o B H n x B e p a , n p o iHeTO je jeAHO M 0 C 0 6 e H 0 M cm iO BHTOLutiy aTHaA y A p y ^ e H O M c a n o r p A a M a ; MaxoM y o MaBaMo j e A H y ck jio h o ct na e KC Tp e M M 3 M y, npeTepMBaHay y c{)aHTa 3 MjM m i n ocetiaHjMMa.
KapaKTepy. I/l3BecHe cneKy/iaTMBHe T e H A e n MMje, y c M e p e H e Ka o 6 ja L u i b a B a i - b y mjim H e n e M A p y r o M , B eti c y n p M c y T H e y n p M M a p H O M mmT y , r ^ e j e m m tckm j e 3 M K n p M p o A H O m je A M H O c p e A C T B O mmcjim m M 3 p a 3 a : j o m j e A p M C T O T e j i n p M M e T M O A a j e M M T O J i o m j a np BM o6jim k T e o p M j e , n p e T X 0 AH MK cjDMJi030c})Mje. M e t ) y TM M , M3BOPHM MMT T y HM je M M 3 0 HM KaK BOT M 3 6 o p a , 6 y A y t i M A a c y M M c a o m hbeH M3pa3
[ 26]
6mjim He 0AB 0jMB0 3ApyweHM , 6e3 HHaKBe a/iTepHaTMBe He33BMCHe ancTpaKUM je. Ta K o tie , T y MMarMHa^Mja npBa 0 A p e f)y je cnajaH>e mmcjim (npoMMUj/baHDe"), yM ecTO Aa MMcao 6yA e Ta Koja 6m M aiuTy yriO Tp e 6M/ia 3a CBOje L^M/beBe. C A p y re cTp a H e, y c/iyMajy thoctm 4M3Ma CTMme ce yTMcaK Aa je mmt 0A a 6paHM HaHMH cneKy/iai4Mje KojM ce HaAMefie ca cJjm/io3o4)Ckmm m/im M3K p e a ryje Ha Hjeroa noACTM uaj; c}DM/i030cjDMja je T y npMcyTHa Hao A p y ra M 0ryliH 0CT M36opa: m cjDM/i030cjDMja m npetiaLUHjM, HaMBHM mmt TpeTM pajy ce nao m TO Be CMpoBMHe. Pe3y/iTaT oBora je Aa th o CTMMHM MMT, KOpMCTeftM npB 06MTHM MMT Aa 6m M3pa3MO CBojy co n cTB e H y, yH a n p eA A a Ty 3aMMcao, Memtie 6MBa cMMm/beHO a/ieropMjCKM Hero ayTeHTMMHO CMMeO/lMMHM" ( y npbo6mthom 3HaneH3y 0B 0ra nojMa 6e3 npeTX0AHe HaM epe). O T y A a ce 3a mctm moTMB KOpMCTe p33/lMMMTe CJlMKe, MHOmTBO BapMja^Mja Ha 3ajeAHMMKy Te M y. M a kojimko Aa je OBa mocTMMKa TeM a, ca CBojMM y3HeMMpyjytiMM TyMaMeHieM jeA H e nopeM etieHe CTBapHOCTM, MCTMHCKM OpMTMHaJlHa, HbeHa M3pam ajHa cpeACTBa HecyMHiMBO c a A P ^ e Hernt o ,,M3 A p y re pyH e . C B e je A H O , no3ajMJbehm AeTajbM ce ca BejiMHOM A O M M m jb a To m tiy npMJiarotiaBajy 0 n m T0 j mocTMMKOj meMM, noja ce , y3 cBeHOJiMKO o6MJbe A e T a jb a , hmk3Aa He ry6M M3 BMAa. C B e je obo M 0rytiH0 ca MO y jeAHOj MCTOpMjCKM ,,n03H 0j , jaCHO HHbMHteBHOj M C3CBMM CMHHpeTMMHOj CMTyaLlMjM, Hoja CTora n o p e A AoncorpacjDMje npMn a ^ a m c{DeH0MeH0/i0mjM mocTML4M3Ma. O B a
CMTyauMja ynjbyM yje m cjio6oAaH npMCTyn TpaAMu,MjaMa, Koje BMme HMcy o 6 a B e 3 y jy tie f Beti npen yH e 3HaMeH>a noja ce M ory m3hobb AecjDMHMcaTM; ohm HOjM c y ce hbMMa n o c jiy H4M J1M y rHOCTMMHOM M3HMpy 6MJ1M Cy MHTe/ieKTya/i4m (eBeHTya/iHO no/iyo6pa30BaHM) HojM c y 3Ha/iM o MeMy ce T y paAM.
Obo H e o 6 a B e 3 H o , np 0 M 3B 0jbH0 H o p M m h e tt,e TpaAMU,Mje, M a xoM jiMmeHO CT p a cT M , Bajba pa3JiMHOB3TM o a H a rjia m e H O no/ieMMMHor m M3y3eTHO oncewHor KopMmhehba j e B p e j ckmx MaTepMja/ia. HajM3pa3MTMjM np M M e p 3a t o j e , p a 3 y M e c e , A e rp a A M p a H je c T a p o 3 a B e T H o r B o r a Ha hmbo MHcjDepMopHor, orpaHMMeH o r m o A 6 o j H o r A e M M j y p r a , m/im AOAe/bMBaHje H>eroBor MMeHa hmwmm a p x oH TM M a jeAMH-
CTBeH npMMep A e rp a A M p a ita y MCTopMjM pe/lMmja, y3 m hoto wyMM m ca OMMr/ieAHMM ywMTKOM. riapa/ie/iHO obom AerpaAMpaH.y, y3AM we ce CBe m To ce Hat}e npM pynM y 6M6/lMjCKOj npMnOBeCTM HapOMMTO 3MMja, noja ce nao npBM AOHocM/ian ,fca3HaH>a H a cyn p o T BOJbM qTBopMTejba, o a 3aBOAHM4e npeo6pa>naBa y CBeTM cmm6oji aKOCMMMKe, AyxoBH e CMJie noja HacTojM Aa npo6yAM cpoAHMHa 3apo6/beHor Ha obom CBeTy. M etiy A0H0CM0L4MMa ca3Hahba M ory ce HahM m jimkobm 6M6jiMjcKMX OTnaAHMKa Kao mTO cy HaMH, E c a y m A p y m , KOjM nao hocmoljim AyxoB H or Hac/ietia to ko m BenoBa npeACTaBJbajy TajH y mocTMMHy Ji03y m 3aT0 6MBajy nporohbeHM o a CTpane Bora 0 B 0r cBeTa, MMjM mm/beHML^M, ABe/b, JanoB m A p y m , npeACTaB/bajy H e n p o cB e h eH y BehMHy. Mctm BpeAHOCHM o 6 p a T npMMert,yje ce Ka^a c y y nMTaHjy M o jCMjeBM 33HOHM, npopoi4,M, C Ta Tyc 0Aa6paH 0r HapoAa Mor/io 6m ce pehM, y CBanoj npM/iml4 m, y3 Ma/io6pojHe M3y3eTKe KanaB je , Ha npMMep, Mar/ioBMTM /imk C e T a . O H A e HeMa T0/iepaHTH0r eH/ieKTML4M3Ma. IlMTahbe Kano Aa ce npoTyM3MM OHa M3y3eTH0 Heo6MMHa MemaBMHa 6/im choctm m o a BOjeHOCTM, OA KOje je MMyHO TeK HeHO/lMHO mocTMMKMx r/iacoBa, n o c Ta je r/iaBHM n po6/ieM naAa Ba/ba OApeAMTM npM poAy m nopeH/io MMTaBor n o n p e Ta . A h o Ta HMH>eHML4 a yna3yje Ha H>eroBo jeBpejcno nopen/io, nao mTO M Hom AaHac TB pAe, OHAa OHa noApa3yM eBa nocTO jaibe n o6yH e Be/iMKMx pa3M epa yH yTap jeB pejCTB a. O Ba c e n p e T n o c T a B K a He M o w e a priori, OA6auMTM, a/iM He n o c To je APyrM AOK33M KojM 6m joj MmjiM y npMJior, a no mom MMmjbeKby, HeAOCTaje jo j m ncMxojiomHa Bep o A o c To jH o cT Ha^a ce MMa y BMAy aHTaroHM33M npeM a jeB pejcnoM H apoAy y ue/iMHM, CBOjeBpCHM MeTac|DM3MHKM aHTMCeMMTM33M, KOjM Mcno/baBajy ynpaBO ohm M3BopM nojM ce HajBMme nopMCTe jeB pe jcK M M motmbmm3 (ohm cy MCTOBpeMeHO m HajcTapMjM). M att,e je PM3MHHO TBPAMTM Aa je mOCTML4M3aM HacTa o y H enocpeA H oj 6jim3Mhh jyAaM3Ma, A e /immmhho nao peaKL4 Mja Ha Hbera. O b o ce c/iaw e ca HMtt,eHMi4aMa (hobm m3bopm BeoMa a o npMHOce yTM cny o AB0CMMCJieH0j 6jim ckoctm THOCTMl4M3Ma M jyAaM 3Ma), Kao M ca OniUTMM MCTopMjcKMM oKOJiHOCTMMa: jeB p e jcTB o je y TaAamHeM c B e Ty 6m/io C B e n p M cyTH O m Moh-
[ 27]
ho, CByfla je MMa/io CBoje n n n K e ", a HaeroBe cy npeieH3Mje 5wne M3y3eTHe; 6m ia je t o je flMHa pe^nrnja ca o6mmhom, HOAMcf)MKOBaHOM KH>MweBHOUjfiy, Mnjn c y nojeAMHM flejiOBM 6mm fl06p 0 n03HaTM, M KbeHO HhbHmeBHO CTBapaflaiuTBO Hkije jett.aBa;io yMCTMHy, 6wia je to jeflHHa pejiM m jcna CMJia y K yjiTyp Hoj ccjDepn ca K0j0M je MMa.no CMMCJia c n o Pmtm ce. M3BecH0 je fla HnjeflaH hobh pejinTMjCHM nonpeT y CeMMTCKOM CBeTy HMje MOrao MrHopMcaTM 0 By M3y3eTHy MMH>eHimy. 1/lcto Tano, OBOCBeTOBHH flyx je B p e jcn e p e jin rn je 6mo je npMpoflHa MeTa m ocTMMKor aH TaroHM3Ma; aHTM-jeBpejcTBo je jeflaH bma M3pawaBahba aHTMKOCMMHKor A y x a , o a h o c h o , th o CTMHHe no6yHe npoTMB 0 B 0r CBeTa n Fberobmx 6oroBa. Tohom Haujer Tparahba 3a mocTHMKOM tmnojiorMjoM, 6mjio je HeM36emHO A a ca a o k TpMHe nojy je Mory1ie npe4H3H0 OApeAMTn npetjeMO Ha cTBapn Koje c y MaH>e jacH e, ajin ce mcto TaKO HaMetiy: paflM ce o TOHy n ctmjiy mocTMHKMX cnwca, m o oflH o cy m ocTm4M3Ma npeMa flpym M MMcaoHMM cncTeMMMa. CBe je to Ha oBaj mjim OHaj h3hmh noBe3aHo ca cTBapH0iutiy y HMjMM je OHBMpMMa HacTajia m pa3BMjajia ce mocTMHKa MMcao: A p y rnM peHMMa, ca HjChom cnei4Mc}DMHH0M m ctopMjCHOM J10Kau,Mj0M Koja, KaKO ce MCnOCTaBJba, npojeKTyje ce6e y TM n o jio m jy. T n n o jio LUKO oApetjMBaFbe rpaHtm a, Manap y BMAy
CMHTe3e MMcaoHMX c a f lp m a ja (o 6 je KTM BHe
j y p r a ) KOjOM oflMLue m o c TM i4,M3aM. Ko joiu M o m e cyMhbaTM fla n o c e 6 HOCT mocTMU,M3 Ma jeflHMM flejioM noTMHe ofl n 0 H0 BH0 r o tk p m fia rt.eroBMX 6 e 3a 3JieHMjMx npeTxoflH M H a m FbMxoBor H e M M jio cp flH o r e K cn jio a TM ca H ja ?
LJJto ce TMHe BejiMKe pacnpe oko ,,npexpMLutiaHCKor mocTMU,M3Ma Hepa3peujM Be Ha 0 C H 0 B y TpeHyTHO flocTynHe rpatie Moje je MMLUJbei-be fla je iteH 3Hanaj npei^eibeH. Bm th o je fla je mocTMUM3aM npM6jiMmh o BpeMeHCKM na p a jie jia H p a n o M xpMiutiaH-
CTBy (CBaKaKO He n 0 3 H 0 M , BMfleTM KOfl CmMOHa Mara; Morytie je fla My npeTxoflM), fla je P33J1MHMT M He33BMCaH y OflHOCy Ha xpmlutiaHCTBO, C TMM UJTO M3Met]y HjMX no npMpoflM CTBapn nocToje M3BecHe flOflMpHe Tanne Koje oflroBapajy MCToj JbyflCKOj CMTyai4MjM; 6 m t h o je m t o fla je M3Met)y HdMx nocTojajio cHamHO npow M M ai-be Koje je flOBejio flo flo6po no3HaTMx peaKu,Mja UpKBe.
M 3 JIMLUH 0 j e HanoMMHaaTM fla H a iu a T M n o jio m ja n p e f lC T a B J b a j e f lH y M fle a jiH y k o h C TpyK L4M jy m f la o 6 y x B a T a HM TaB c n e K T a p mory tiM X M 3 6 o p a KOjM c y C Ta ja jiM n p e f l th o c t m h kmm y M O M . C B e 6 M TH e oflJiM K e H M cy 3 a c T y n jb e H e KO fl cbmx np M n a flH M H a p o f la . Hojimko T3K B M X OflJlM Ka Mopa 6mtm n p M c y T H O , M y K3KBMM KOM 6M HaL4M jaM a, fla 6m c e Ha O C H O B y T o r a o flp e flM Jia n p w n a f lH 0 C T p o f ly t o B a jb a 3aK JbyH M B3TM o fl c J iy n a ja f lo c j iy n a ja , n e c T O BMLue Ha 0CH0By ,, c j i y x a H e ro Ha 0CH0By a n c T p a K T H M x npaBMJia. B e p y je M fla j e M O fleji KOjM CaM O B fle CKMU,MpaO flO BO JbH O MCL4pnH0 m H e flB 0 C M M C Jie H 0 3 a c T y n jb e H y BetiMHM ,,je p e c M o f l C M M O H a M a r a a o M a H M ja , n a o m KO fl M a H fle ja u ,a . H o , n o c T o j e rpaHM HHM c j iy n a je B M r f le c y nM caH M m 3bopm flBO CM M CJieH M ,
TeopMje), npOMaiUMJio 6m cboj LjMJb m 3aBplUMJio noTnyHMM oflBajan>eM ofl ncTopnjcKM X OKBMpa. YnpaB0 je HecBOflMBi/i cMTyau1 MOHM c})aHTOp OHO LUT0 rH0CTMI4M33M HMHM jeflHMM y CyLUTMHM flMja/ieKTMHKMM cfieHOMeHOM, M HM HM yCJ10BHMM CB3K0 nopetieH3e ca ,,flOKCOrpacjDCHM" CJIMHHMM MMTOJIOLUKMM M TeOJlOLUkmm cjDeHOMeHMMa M3 flp y m x n p o cTo p a m enoxa. fH0CTMu,M3aM je HacTao y xejieH cn o -opMjeHTajiHOM cBeTy tokom npBMx cTOJietia xpMuitiaHCTBa: Mome jim ce TanaB cjDeHOMeH Mrfle Apyrfle 33mmcjimtm? PeuMMO, KJiacMHHM op4)M3aM M3 ne Tor CTOJietia npe Hame epe y CBanoM cjiynajy HaroBeuiTaBa Hene 3HanajHe e/ieMeHTe mocTMUM3Ma, M owfla je t o Hjerobo 3aBeuiTahbe, aJiM opcj)M3My, M3Metiy o cTa jior, HeflocTajy A yx m cBe 06 yxB aTH 0 CT kocMMHKe nopyre (npojeKTOBaHe y JiHKy AeM M -
a KjiacMcjDMKauMja M o m e n o c T a T M n p e f lM e T O M
K 0H Tp0B ep3e. Aa H a B e fle M je f la H M 3pa3M T
np M M e p :
KO fl
M apL^M O H a
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d e 0 m u if u ju
2 H 0 C iU U lfU 3 M a T . n . B3 H EapeH
cTao Met)y rHocTMHe, y A y x y ano He Ha peMMMa: hberoBo 6ecK0Mnp0MncH0 cynpOTCTaBjbahbe Heno3HaTor, 0 H0 CTpaH0 r Oua m Tbop4 a A 0CT0jH0 r npe3npa, nao m 6yhtobho, acneTCHo 0A 6 njaH3 e aa ce noBMHyje cacBHM 6 e 36ofHHoj npnpoflM, y tom HOHTeHCTy cy tojimko HecyMH>MBO mocTMMKor nopeKJia Aa ra MOpaMO CMaTpaTM M3flaHKOM THOCTMMKOr fl,yxa. no OHOMe luto oa rH0CTmj,M3Ma npey3MMa, MapuMOH je, Man, HjeroB TMnMHaH npeAcTaBHMK; nnan, cacBMM je caMOCBOjaH Ha ocHOBy 0H0 ra luto He npMXBaTa: ynopHMje H e ro mko, oh HacTojM fla 6 yAe xpMUjfiaHMH no CJiOBy EM6;iMje thoctmmkm AHCMAeHT, ano xofieTe.
M y flpyrMM rpaHMMHMM c.nyHajeBMMa Tp e 6a 6mtm e/iacTMHaH. Peu,MMO, y xepMeTMHKoj jiMTepaTypM HeMa nojieMMHKor 0 Tp0B a, a flya m z a u je npM rym eH; Met)yTMM, nperpuir 3HanajHMx Mfleja (A H T p o n o c , m ocM C, yHehbe o y c n e fiy ) HaBOflM Hac fla OBe criMce c b p c TaMO M et)y mocTMMKe. C flp y re C Tpane, mmc/imm fla ce KyMpaHCKM to kcto b m , nan hm ohm KojM c a A P ^ e fl,ya/iMCTMMKe MAeje, He M ory y6pojMTM y m ocTM HKe. C b o luto 6 mx Ha npajy mejieo fla KameM je c/ieAetie: Ka^a HanycTMMo hbpcto je3rpo mocTMHKMx MMCJiMJiai^a, m 3at)eM0 y cc{Depy n 0JiyT0 H0 Ba noja OKpywyje CBe mctopMjcne nojaBe (y HauieM c/iyHajy, OHa ce MecTMMMMHO npen/iMfie ca CTapMM 3aBeTOM), ocTaje HaM caMo Aa ce oc/iohmmo Ha Tano HeAOKyMMBe KpMTepMjyMe nao luto cy MopcjDOJlOLUKM C6H3M6M/lMTeT, Cn 0 C0 6 H0 CT yWMB/baBahba, m oho ujto caM BeoMa c/io6 oaho Ha3Bao ,,c/iyxoM .
JeflMHM HaHMH ^ a ce A o tje a o 3aA0B0/baBajy lie Ae4DMHMU,Mje rHOCTMu,M3Ma je c T e fla ce OH nOCMaTpa Kao MCTOpMjCKM KOMn/ieKC KOjM npMnaAa OApetieHOM A o 6 y m OApetjeHOM MeCTy m Aa o6 p a 3yje A e o OApetjeHe Ky/iType. O b o , cBanaKO, He MCK/bynyje cTpaH e yTMuaje , hmtm KacHMje MOAMcjDMKau,Mje KOje ce jaB/bajy noc/ie OAyMMpaiba r/iaBHe c Tp y je . A. H e M o rytie je M3ABojMTM jeAaH m/im He ko/imko e/ieMeHaTa m petiM Aa ohm HMHe cym TMHy THOCTMLJlM3Ma. Hao TanaB, mocTMu,M3aM je opraHCKM mcTopMjcKM KOMn/ieKc KojM ce He Mome aHa/iM3MpaTM Ha 3aAOBO/baBajytiM HaHMH npoc tm m pa3/iaraHDeM Ha hberoBe e/ieMeHTe.
M e T O A aAMiJiMje m c y n T p a K 4 M j e He Mom e c e npMMOHMTM y MCTopMjM pe /iM m je . Pe/iMm j a c e He M o m e yn o p e A M TM c a 36mpkom HOBHMtia Kojo j Heno MOwe HeuiTO a o a s t m mjim OAy3eTM a A a npM t o m He M3a30Be 6MTHy n p o M e H y . Pe/iM mja, c/imhho MO/ieKy/iy, mmb C T p y K T y p y y no jo j CBaKM e/ieMeHT MMa camo je A H O M o ry t ie M e c T O : flO flam j e A a H , O Ay3eTM je A a H , m/im caM O npoMeHMTM M e c TO HeK o r o a e/ieMeHaTa p e 3 y /iT3 T M o m e 6mtm Aeu,MAnpaHa m eceHu,Mja/iHa TpaHccjDopMaUMja.
r HOCTMI4M33M je oho LUTO je c T e 3 6 o r Ha- i MMHa Ha KojM 3H3THM 6poj e/ieMeHaTa 3ajeAho o 6 p a 3yje je A H y opraH CKy ue/iMHy m 36or HaHMHa Ha KojM CB3KM oa obmx e/ieMeHaTa cjDyHKi4MOHMiue y ue/iOM KOMn/ieKcy. Hao TaK3B, mOCTMU,M3aM je jeAMHCTBeHM MCTOpMjckm cjDeHOMeH m caMo ce y t o m CMMC/Iy m MOHie onMcaTM. Pen g n o s is Mome ce y n o T p e 6 MTM nao cjDeHOMeHO/lOLUKM M/IM TMnOJlOUIKM TepMMH 3a 03HaHaBahbe OApet)eHe KOHu,eni;Mje 3Haiba, t o je c T TaKBe KOHuenu.Mje noja ce Hajia3M y m ocTM 4M 3M y: g n o s is je nojaM , mocTMu,M3aM je MCTopMjcKa cjDopMa pejiM m je. Met}ytmm, M3 OBora He npoM3Jia3M Aa r ^ e toa HaMfjeMO Ha OBy KOHi4enu,Mjy 3HaHaa navina3MMO M Ha c{DOpMy rHOCTMU;M3Ma. lilTaBMUJe, 3a6jiyAa je tobopmtm o thoctmhkmm ejieMeHTMMa npMjiMKOM onMCMBai-ba ejieMeHaTa KojM ce M ory jorn H erAe HafiM, a Hajia3MMO mx m y rHOCTMI4M3My, CeM aKO HeMa BMAJbMBe, MJIM, 6apeM , M orytie MCTopMjcne noB63aHocTM, nolu to je , Kao llito je HanpeA peneHO, t h o c TMI4M33M CaMO AeJlMMMHHO AeTepMMHMC3H
ripeseo ca eHr/iecKor
HoBMu,a lleTpoBM li
[ 29]
eiieMemnMa Koje caAp>KM; y m a B H O M j e peTepMMHMCaH H3MHH0M Ha KOjM OHM 3a jeflH 0 c}DyHmJiMOHmijy o 6 p a 3 y jy t in MHTe rp a jiH y L^ejiMHy. ct>eH0MeHOJiomja p e j iM m je A O C Ta j e a o npMHejia pa3yMeBaHay p e j in r n je , ajin j e , mcto T3KO CBojnM rjieflkiujTHMa A O H e jia m M Hore Hecnopa3yMe; p,a c n o M e H e M o je flaH o a Hbnx OHa je T e w m ia A a n o T u e H n c T e n e H a o h ojer cy pejiMrM03Hn HO Mnjie ncn n y jiT y p H O p,eTepMMHMCaHM, M HaO T3HBa Hiije O TB O p e H a 3a c})eHOMeHOJioLiJHM n p n c T y n . O b o j e A 0 Beji 0 A0 MHorMX H e cnopa3yM a, na nan n a o n o T n y ho norpeiUHMx MMLUJbei-ba.
MCTOKa 3ajeAHO c y ynecTBOBajiM y 06pa30Bafby mocTML4M3Ma. J\a jim LuaMaHM3aM mmb H'eko MecTO y ,fp0A0CJi0BJby mocTMU,M3Ma no mom MMWjben>y je Kpaji-be cyMHbMBO. Pa3jiMKe M3Mef)y LUaM3HM3Ma M rHOCTML4M3Ma c y M c y BMuie BejiMKe m cyuiTMHCKe p,a 6m OBy kohL4eni4Mjy yHMHMJie Bep0BaTH0M . LUaMaHM3aM je ao6mo MMe no jimhhoctm maMaHa 6e3 koj e r LuaMaHM3aM He 6m n o c To ja o ; TaKBa j im h h o c t, Koja ce M Owe ynopeAMTM ca LuaMaHOM, He nocTojM y mocTML4M3My. M m t o H im m e ls re is e d e r S e e le (,,H e 6 e c K o nyTOBaH>e pyLUe ) MCTMHaH je y Be3M Ca mOCTMHKMM mmto m o ycneH>y A yu ie . Be3 cyMrt,e, cjimhhoctm MMa, ajiM, pa3JiMHe c y tb k o 4)yHflaMeHTajiHe pa MCKJbynyjy njiOAOHOCHO nopetjeibe. A a cnoMeHeM caMO ABa rjieflMuiTa: y uiaM3HM3My je ycnehbe A yiue (t o je c T je ^ H e oa A ym a LuaMaHa) eKCTaTMHHO m ck^ctbo . EncTaTMHHa MCKycTBa c y Bpjio peTKa y m ocTM u1 M3My. y LuaMaHM3My, A ym a ce y3AMme y TOny LuaMaH0B0r mMBOTa, m o n e T ce Bpatia, a ys AM3ahbe cjiymM 0 A pet]eH 0j cbpcm, Ha npwMep A a M3JieHM HeKor ko je 6ojiecTaH mjim Aa npMMM A e o KopMCHor 3Hai~ba o M3rjieAMMa jioBa m pM6ojioBa, m ta.; y mocTMi4M3My a o ycneH>a A yu ie AOJia3M nocjie CMpTM m oho o 6 p a 3 yje cmm6ojimhhm M3pa3 ocjio^otieHaa A yx o B H o r AeJia HOBena o a OKOBa 0 B 0 r MaTepMjajiHor CBeTa. Hao lu to t o necTO 6MBa, Te p MMHOJiomja ce npM3MBa Aa HaM n o M o m e y p e m a B a H > y npeocTajiM x npo6jieM a, M3Hajia>KehbeM peHM M3a KojMx MomeMo canpMTM Ham H eAocTaTan 3HaH>a.
KOHcjDy3Mjy
BawHO je jacH o c x b 8 tm tm noje n M T a ib e w e JIMMO A a nOCTaBMMO M3B0pMMa. yrJiaBH O M n o c T o j e TpM pa3JiMHMTa n M T a ib a n o ja ce m o r y nocTaB M TM : 1. y LUTa B e p y j y thoctmum?
2. 3 a u jT O y 3. HaKBe
to
B e p yjy
Kano c y
a o l u j im
no3HaBahbeM
ctm h k m x
acn enaTa
m o-
3 a je A H M u ,a
c o u ,M ja jiH o r no jio w a ja
[ 30]
jba y OKBnpy KOH4enLi,nje 6ow aH CK or, m pya/iM3Ma Kao cyn p 0 TH 0 C Tn M3Met)y 6o>KaHCKor, o a h o c h o CBeTor, m 0 B 0r CBeTa m/m/im npoTH B -6ow aH CK or n p n H un n a .
4. Pa3/iMKe M 3Met)y p ya m zu a Kao TeoAnueje m Aya/in3Ma Kao eKcnpecnje taedium m u n d i , ,,W e ltve ra ch tu n g (,,n p e 3npaH3a cBeTa ).
JacHO je pa HaM n c To p n jc n a CTBapHOCT MecTO nona3yje MeuioBMTe Tn n oB e , a/in aHa/iM3e paAn, Ha6pojaHe TaMKe Tp e 6 a m m 3 tm Ha yM y. B. yKO/iMKO, nao u jto caM noKyujao pa nonameM, HMje M oryhe peAyKOBaTn m ocTM UH 3aM Ha KpaTny flecf)MHm4Mjy, jeAMHO lu to moweMO ypaAHTM je c T e AaBaHae npahe h/im pyw e /lMCTe KapaKTepncTMKa 0 B 0 r pe/inm o3Hor KOMn/ieKca. Jln c Ta noja c/ieAM, o TB opeHa 3a K op e n unje m A o n yH e , M ow e noc/iy}+{htm nao npnM ep: 1. G n o s is nocM aTpaH Kao no3HaH>e HMje npeBacx0AH 0 MHTe/ieHTya/iaH, Hero noMMBa
Ha 0TH p0Betty m HywaH je 3a AOCTMsaHae
n o Tn y H o r cnaceHja.
2. r i o c T o j n eceHUMja/iHa Be3a M3Metiy n o jM a g n o s i s a no jn c e jaB/ba y m o c T M 4 H 3 M y n n o jM a B p e M e H a m n p o c T o p a n o ra TaMO Ha/ia3MMO. B e p 0 B a T H 0 je A 0 n y c T H B 0 p e h n pa m o c T n u n 3 a M T e w n Bnuie CMM6o/im4M y n p o c T o p y H e ro cmm6o/imu,h y B p e M e H y . 3. THOCTnu,M3aM no/iaf+te npaBO ^ a MMa CBOje c o n c T B e H o oTKpoBei-be n o je je y c y m t m h m T a j H o . O h m m 3 c B o j e B/iacTMTe T p a f ln U,nje n c B o j y j i n T e p a T y p y nojn c y re H e p a jiH O h c t o TaHO T a jH n . O h o j i m h o k o j i h k o o c e h a pa T p e 6 a A a 6 y f le fle o xpMLuhaHCTB a, o h n o p n c TM M XpMLUhaHCKO OTKpOBert.e, TpaAHU,Mjy M / iM T e p a Ty p y , M a ^ a c e y B e h n H n c/iyMajeBa A a T a M H T e p n p e T a u n j a pa 3 /innyje o a n H T e p -
6. Ha cBeT ce rjieAa cacBMM necnMncTMMkm. K ocm oc HMje cTBopeH op B ora, Hero je, y Haj6ojbeM cjiyMajy, A e jio fle M n jyp ra, no jn je CTBopno OBaj CBeT npoTMB BOJbe 6 o w n je mjih He 3H ajyhn 3a n>y. M aTepnjajiHM cBeT je pe3yjiTa T rpeujHMx wyAHaM mjih H ecpehH or cjiyMaja. V HeHMM cjiyMajeBMMa A e M iijyp r, kojn npnnafla Beh cnoMeHyTHM nocpeAHHUMMa, M ow e 3aflo6nTM napaKTep fiaBOJia. 7. y CBeTy M M0BeM3HCTBy flyXOBHM n MaTepnjajiHM ejieM eHTn c y M3MeuiaHn. fly x o B hm ejieMeHTM nM ajy CBoje nopeHJio y B o ry m y 3 p o H c y wyAH>e 3a n 0 BpaTK 0 M B o ry. Th o c tmmkm necMMH3aM m uap a Hnje Tano eKCTpeMaH pa 6m MCKJbyMno M 0ryhH 0CT cnacehba m
w yflH>y 3a HjMM.
npeTam ije upKBe. 4. CTapw 3aBeT ce o6hmho ca MaLte mjih Bnrne wecTM He 0A 6au,yje. yKO/iMKO ce He o a -
8. JbyA CK a 6nha ce ^ e jie Ha Tpn KJiace, npeMa TOMe pa jim MMajy g n o s is mjim He. f\yxoBMMa Kojn n o c e fly jy noTnyHM g n o s is , no HaMxoBoj np n p ofln , A 0 n yu jTe H 0 je n0TnyH 0 cnaceH>e. O hm n o jn MMajy caMO p is tis (Bep y ) , M ory A o c Tn h n M3BecTaH CTeneH c n a ce H>a. O hm Kojn c y n 0 Tn yH 0 o6y.3eTM M aTepnjajiHMM cBeTOM HeMajy HMnaHBe uiaHce Aa ce cnacy.
9. THOCTMUM3aM npaBM j a c H y pa3JiHHy M3-
[ 31]
P e n m u j a , <fiu/i0 3 0 (fiu ja
U 2H03UC
10. Ec eHmija/iHO fl,ya/iMCTMMKH nor/ieA Ha CBeT boam no npaBM/iy npajH>e acKeTCKOM cncTeMy eTMKe, a/in y HeKMM c/iyMajeBMMa Ha/ia3MMO , , U m w e r t u n g a l l e r W e r t e ( r i p e BpeAHOBaHje cbmx B p e f lH O C T n ) M 3 p a w e H
n0TnyH0 c/i060 A0 yM H 0.
11. TH0CTni4M3aM j e p e / in rn ja peBO/iTa. 12. rH0CTMu,M3aM m y f ln A a npnnaAa e jin . 13. y Be3w ca o c h o b h m m Aya/iM3MOM no-
ctojh jaKa TeHAeHU,nja Aa c e HanpaBM pa3jiMKa M3Met)y H e 6 e c K o r C n a c m e / b a m /byflCKor o6jiMKa M cyca o a H a 3 ap e Ta . O b o je a o Be/io a o pa3Hnx peuiehba o a KOjnx je Ao n e TM33M HajncTaKH yTnje. 14. y BefinHM cncTeM a X p n c T ce CMaTpa
BejiMHOM TaMKOM npenHaMehba y kocmhmhom
A k o 6mx 0B0 j pacnpaBM Morao A a npn/iomnM HeujTo KopncHO, t o cnrypH O He 6 m 6m/io 3at o lu to caM ja Henn HapoMMTO A o 6 a p no3HaBa/iau, TeKCTOBa HOjM ce 03HaMaBajy nao ,,mocTMMKn . To HncaM; no3HajeM MX CaMO noBpmHO. A k o 6m Moj npMjior MOWAa 6mo o a KopMCTM, t o 6m 6mjio caMO 3aT0 lu to ja OHe CTBapM, Koje npaBM MCTpamMBaMM thoctm UM3M3, KaAa TOBOpe O CyLUTMHM M HaCT3HKy m o3M ca n/iaTOHM3My, tpmkmm MMCTepMjaMa, mta. y n o p e t)y jy , MOMAa HeujTO MC^pnHMje no3HajeM Hero HeKM o a h>mx, m lu to 6mx CTora noHeuiTO Morao npMAOHeTM nojauiH>ehby obmx nMTaHaa, nouiTO bmamm Aa ce OBe CTBapM noje ce y n o p e f)y jy m npM reHeTMMKOM M3Bot}eH>y (mjim npM KOHTpacTMpaH>y) Ha HeKM H3MMH APyHMMje OnMCyjy, H 3M M e, T3H0
y n o p e t iy jy m o n M c y jy A a t o He O A ro B a p a XOBOj CyiUTMHM.
h> m-
npouecy. KaHO je 3 /10 HacTa/io naAOM n p e TxoflHor eoHa, Tano je X p n c T HajaBMO c n a c e H>e n0LUT0 je npon/iaMOBao H eno3H aTor E o ra , Ao6por Eora nojn je a o T o r MOMeHTa 6no He3HaHau. 15. y Be3n ca /iMMHOLutiy cnacnTe/ba Mecto Ha/ia3HMO nojaM s a lv a to r s a lv a tu s m/im salvandus. 16. y 0 AH 0c y Ha ochobhm Aya/in3aM c n a cehbe ce o6mmho cxBaTa na o n o Tn yH o pacnnAaH>e M3Metiy o B o r CB e Ta m A y x o B H o r Ae/ia HOBena. O b o ce npnM epoM noK a3yje y M m y o ycneH>y AyLue. ripeBe/ia ca e H rjie cn o r Apanii^a Jlajeuinti
M o p a M , Ha npM M ep, A a n p o T e c T B y je M HaA a je A a n T a n o M 3BaHpeA3H n o 3 H a B a jia 4 a o tmmhmx nMTan>a m TeK C TO B a KanaB je X a H c -M a p T M H LUeHK 3acHMBa HeM3BOAMBOCT m o 3Mca M3 MMCTepMja c/ie A etioM (J)opM y/iauM jo M : M o B e n y MMCTepMjM n o c T a je HeuiTO lu to n p e T o ra HMje 6mo, a o k . . . y m o 3 M c y n o c T a je o h o u jt o je m 3bopho 6mo m y CTB apM y npMH 4 Mny y B e n j e c T e " . 1 O b o je A H O CT3BHO HMje T3 K 0 . C M Typ H O A a MOBeK y MMCTepM jaM a f,n o c T a je H e m TO A p y r o o a 0H0ra lu t o je 6mo n p e nocBetiM BaH>a, yKOJiMKO o h , HaAa je n o c B e tie H a n 0 T0 M >HMBetiM c a o 6 p a 3 h o npMM/beHMM yMeH>MMa y n0CB etieH 0CTM , y c n e B a A a ,,yM aK H e TOMny n 0 H 0 B H 0 r p a t)a H>a m M3 npo/ia3H ocTM y t)e y BeMHOCT, ms CMpTHOCTM y 6 e C M p TH O C T. AjlM OHO UJTO My 0 M 0 ry t iy je O By n p o M e H y je c T e y n p a B O 3HaH>e (W i s s e n ) o H>eroBoj MCTMHCKoj n p a B o j c y m tmhm Hoja M y c e O TB a p a npM nocBetiMBaH>y y M M CTepM je. H se ra n a o ,,cm m 6 ojioh (n a o Ha n p M M e p y jym HOM TajiM jaHCKM X 3/iaTHMX n/ioMa), nocBefiM BaH>e y3MMa c a c o 6 o m Hano 6m Ha T a j HaMMH 6mo n o na 3a H n p e A n e p c e c J)o h o m : G e s p a is e im i kai o u ra n o u a s t e ro e n t o s ( A e T e caM 3eM Jbe m H e 6 a 0 3 B e 3 A a H o r ). THOCTMMap T a n o tie n o c T a je HeHO A P y m , yKO/iMKO c e M3 3ac/ien/beH0CTM y HOjy c y ra npeMecTM/iM apxoHTM 0 B 0 r C B e Ta 6yA M y CBOjOj B/iaCTMTOj, MCTMHCKOj CyiUTMHM (HMje c/iyMajHO l u t o c e A o ra t)a j M o m e M3pa3MTM m n/iaTOHMMHMM peM M M a) m B p a tia c e tb m o O Aa-
1 y H7iaHKy Hauptpro'blem e der G n o s is y Kairos 7 (1965), c. 117. 2 Le p ro b le m e ..., y Numen 12,3 (1964), a 61 178 c. 164. 3 ebenda c. 196/170.
[ 32]
KJie ce oh yiieTMHy HMje hm yAa/bno cbom B/iacTMTOM, mctmhckom 6nfty, Koje oh cafta, 06yxBalieH0 npeBapoM jeAHor APyror, HenpnjaTe/bCKor CBeTa, He npeno3Haje, 3a6opaB/ba, ca KOjnM je noM euiao oho luto oh Hnje. CaAa ce MopaMo ceTMTii penn H3 Teeteta (176 A ): enthende ekeise feugein (6emam oh3mo ao 0H0r OHAeJ m M3 ApmaBe (518 D ): tehne tes periagoges (yMehe o6yxBaTaH3a), kbko 6mcmo bmaojim Aa ce Mncao Mome opKecTpnpaTM n ca n/iaTOHMCTHHKMM HaHMHOM n3pawaBahba. He pa^n ce, AaK/ie, o ,p ca3HaH>y , c jeAHe, hmtm o ,,HacTajaH>y , c Apyre CTpaHe; cbm, MncTepnjcKe noyKe, ji030c}jMja m mo3nc me/ie mcto, ocBeuiTaBai-beM Hamer B/iacTMTor, MCTMHCKor 6wha, AaK/ie 3HaH>eM, n0H0B0 nocTaTM oho ujto cmo HeM3ry6MBO m c^ujtmhckm yBeK 6m/im m hmk3Aa hmcmo hm npecTa/in Aa 6yAeMO. Ako noCTOjn HeKM HamiH MMUi/beH>a Kojn He Har/iarnaBa 3HaH>e o B/iacTMToj, Hen3ry6uBoj cyw tmhm, m roBopn o ,,HacTajaH>y HennM ujto npeTX0AH0 hmcmo 6m/im, Hero M0meM0 Aa HacTaHeMo TeK MM/iouihy m BomjnM Ae/ioM Cnaca, OHAa je to pe/inmjCKO-xpnujhaHCKM HamiH Kojn, KaAa roBopn o mocTnnapnMa, roBopn o pseudonimos gnosis, HMMe ce jacHO M3pamaBa Aa oh caM ce6e TaKofje cxBaTa Kao cnacoHOCHO 3HaH>e . Motmb 3HaH>a, AaK/ie, HMje hhk3kbo pa3/iMKyjyhe CBOjCTBO. UJTaBMUie, Tpn MMeHOBaHa MncaoHa npaB^a: MMCTepnjcKO yMen>e, n/iaTOHCKa c})M/i030cjDMja n mo3nc, car/iacHM cy m y TOMe uito AonyujTajy Aa ce obo 3Han>e o B/iacTMToj cyuiTMHM 3acHMBa Ha 3Han>y o jeAHoj nojaBM, Kojy je yro BjaHKM c npaBOM Ha3Bao ,,CUeHapMjOM 2, KOCMMMKMM TeaTpOM CBeTa , KojM je m3bopho (H>er0B0 M3Bof)eH>e je BeoMa y6eA/bMBo) yonwTe caMo KOBMT/iau BereTaTMBH0-BMTa/iH0r AorafiaH>a, KOjM npeACTaB/ba BeHHO Bpahahbe H-lMBora, Aa 6m OH^a TeK ca npeMewTaH>eM anneH Ta Ha AyxOBH 03 nocTao noBecT A y m e , H>eHor ,,n a A a y ,,Apyro m H>eHor noBpaTKa ce6M caMoj. Ako CTBapM T3K0 nocMaTpaM O a He MOweMO c e oc/io6oamtm yBep/bMBor Ae-fiOBaH>a OBAe noKa3aHMX aHa/iomja m OAHOca oHAa hsm
jeAH0CTaBH0 Mwne3aBa cBaKM KpMTepMjyM
A a je 3 a m o3M c KapaKTepMCTMnaH 0 JOMe je nMcao X a H c Jo H a c HapoHMTM ocehaj c B e ia , nor/ieA Ha c B e T , He y CMMc;iy jeAH e MMcaono KOHCTpyMcaHe c/iMKe CBeTa, Hero y cMMc/iy cTaBa oncTaH Ka, KojM, naK m p.aAa ce npMApmaBa cxeM a mmtckmx (m/im ohto/iow km x) MMcaoHMx c/iMKa M3/iaweH>a m BpahaH>a cywTM He A y w a (mmc3ohmx c/iMKa M3 A p y m x c/iMKa c B e ra , KOje M3pamaBajy jeAaH APyraHMjM o ce h a j c B e Ta ), nona3yje m M3pam aBa jeAaH cacBMM A p y m oncTaH K y npMMepeH CTaB npeM a c B e Ty: a t o je o ce h a j He3awTMheH0CTM, TyfjocTM y H o cM o cy, KojM cs o ce h a Kao cywtm hckm ,A p y ro . (H HexoTMu,e HOBeK ce ceTM llacKa/ioBe mmc/im: Le sile n ce de s e s p a c e s e te rn e ls m e ffra ie /ri/iawM mg TMWMHa 6ecKpajHMx n p o cTo p a /). CMrypHO je Aa je obo ochobhm c t3 b KojM HaM nojawH>aBa KaKO cj3M/i030c|) ynpaBO y obom BpeMeHy bmw e He o c e h a bohhm peA KOCMoca Kao Hew to yc n 0 K 0 ja B a jyh e w t o ra y3AMi+te ao k o TOMe pa3MMw/ba, Hero Kao HenpMjaTe/bCKO uapcTBO XaMMapMeHe, KOMe oh ca ohmm cbojmm npaBMM" TewM Aa yMaKHe, Kao w t o m mmt o n o To n y OHe KojM c y okob3hm y obom BMA/bMBOM CBeTy npMK83yje Kao UM/b c y w TMHe A yx a m x o h e Aa o6jacHM 3 a w T0 je a o w/io a o H>MxoBor poncTB a y ,,3/iom cB e Ty , Kao w to y obom BpeM eHy n0H0B0 omMB/beh'e MMCTepMje BMwe Hero MHane noK a3yjy /byAMMa n y T Ka obom caMoocBewTaBaH>y Ayxa y cj)opMM npe/iacKa, HacTaHKa, 3aMMpan>a. A/im CBOjCTBeHOCT OHOra UITO H33MBaMO TH03MC TMMe HMje o6jawH>eHa; caMo je noKa3aHo KaKO ce M3 CBMX 06 /iaCTM: MMCTepM030Cj)Mje, cpM/i030cjDMje m m o3M ca MOwe AohM ynpaBO Ao obmx cj)OpMM 3Haneiba oncTaHKa a/iM WTa je mo3MC, m KaKo ce mo3MC, y ym eM CMMC/iy, o c TB a p yje , to HMje peneHo ocmm aKO CBe 3ajeAH0 w to nocTojM y obom BpeMeHy, MMCTepMje, cj3M/i030cj)Mjy 11 m o 3 MC y ym eM CMMC/Iy He Ha30BeM0 m o3M c, a m ohAa, o n e T, HMje hm wt3 06 jawn>eH 0 . A k o 3a no3HaBaoua K/iacMHHe aHTMKe, kojm yn op e tie H e cj)eHOMeHe mmtoc, MMCTepMje, n/iaTOHM33M no3Haje y h>mxobmm bmcoKoaHTMHKMM npecj)opMaMa (,,npecj)opM aMa ca CTaHOBMw Ta reHeTMHKor M3Bof)en>a
|
f
KojM 6m HaM AonywTao Aa mo3MC, Kao je AaH AyxoBHM ^DeHOMeH cBoje BpcTe, M3Byne-
[33]
rH03MCa M3 IbMX, MJIM KOHTpaCTMpahba rH03Mca ca hbMMa), Tp e 6 a Aa je y6eA/bMBO oho llito roBopn MCTpamMBaH m o 3 n c a , OHfla ce He CMejy ycTaHOB/baBaTM pa3JiMHe t3m o rAe mx HeMa, hhtm ce n o c To je tie pa3/iMMHOCTM CMejy nopaBHaBaTM Tano Aa ce cJjeHOMeH mo3Mca m cyBMLue M3jeAHaHaBa ca A p y m M , cwrypHO cpoahmm cTBapMMa. O b o BamM m 3a jeflaH BepTMKa/iaH", Tj. cyKuecMBaH HaMMH nocMaipahba npeM Aa nocTojM jeAH a pa3BojHa ziMHMja, Mopa 6 mtm jacHO OAan/ie oho ujto Mome Aa boam m o3M cy y To n y pa3Boja 3ancTa m n o cTa je m o3M c nao m 3a jeAaH , T3K0 Aa KameMO, X0pM3OHTa/lHM HaHMH noCMaTpaHba nojM o 6 yxB a Ta MCTOBpeMeHe cjaeHOMeHe, y HOjMMa c e , ano M3pamaBajy mctm ,,Ayx BpeMeHa , npMp0AH0 n o n a 3 yjy M d e i4PTe nao m y m o3M cy, a Aa ohm 3 6 o r To ra Hncy mo3MC CTpyKTypa/iHO. HMje HOHCTaHThoct MOTMBa oho 0A/iyHyjyfie, a hm jeAMHCTBeHOCT CTaBa oncTaHKa (MaKO c y o6a moMeHTa, y cK/iaAy c 0Ar0BapajytiMM pa3rpaHMHehbeM cjjeHOMeHa nao TaKBor, BeoMa 6 mthm 3a ncnpaBHO pa3yMeBan>e m McnpaBHo TyM aneH>e 0B0r cfceHOMeHa). A/im MeTOAMHKO M3jeAHanaBaHbe Hap 0 HMT0 aHO obo M3jeAHanaBahbe Tp e 6 a Aa 6 y A e npMBpeMeHO, ano Tpe6a Aa ,,p o a h o yH a n p e A (o a h o c h o yH a3afl) 3axB3TM n p e no rpaHM^a npaBe mo3MC t o M3jeAHanaBaHDe je c T e TeMe/bHa n p e TnocTaBKa C B e cn or pa3/iMK0BaH>a m caM o -o cBemfiaBaH>a p33/imhmtmx c T p y K T y p a MHtiiJbeiba. y n p n o c np0Jia3H0CTM nojeAMHaHHor moTMBa m a H a jio m je ,,ycarjiaiueH o cTM , o c e lia ja cBeTa , OHe c y HeujTO c^ujtmhckm A p y ro : I"H03MC, Tj. MMTOC, HMje 3HaH>e JbyAMMa nojaujH>aBa no/iomaj H>MxoBor 6 Mlia, m ctojio K y n H o r, kocmmhkot
MMCTepM030(t)Mja, Koja HenaKo n p e Tn oCTaBJba MCTy MMTcny cjiMKy o HOBeKy, o H>eTOBOM A y x 0 BH0 M nopeK/iy, m H>er0 B0 M C TynaH>y y kocmmhkm oncTaHaK, a/iM npM tom He Har/iamaBa Tano m hoto ,,3Haibe o , ko/imko ,,Ae/iaH>e (d ro m e n o n ) nocBefiMBaiba, cmm6 o/iMHHor npeACTaB/baHba 0 B0 r Aoraf)aja, m mMBOT KojM 0A r 0 Bapa OBOMe M3JiaraH>y
CB e Ta .
BpeMeHO mm no/iame panyH o HacTajaH>y ne6 Mtia m TMMe mm Aapyje M0rytiH 0CT Aa ce caMO-ocBemfieH>eM cBor npaBor 6Mfia oc/io6oAe M3 0 B0 r KOCMMHKor
saTBopa. (Dnjio 3oc{)Mja, Koja MOMAa boam na MCToj CJIMUM CBeTa M MCTOM CXBaTaH>y AyXOBHOr 6nfia, a/iM ca MMcaoHMM cpeACTBMMa, MMcaohmm M3Bof)ehbMMa, pas/iarateeM, 3aKJbyHMBaH>eM.
A TOMe jom npMnaAa m pejiMrMja oTHpoBeH>a u jto OA/iynyjytie y/ia3M y no/be r/ieAaH>a ano ce npM 6/iMmMM0 ohom BpeMeHy y KOMe c e npaBa mo3MC nojaB/byje m y KOMe MopaMo TpamMTM KOpeHe 3a reH e3y m o3Mca y ym eM CMMC/Iy pejiM m ja 0 TK p 0BeH>a koja Hefie hm mmtckm hm MMcaoHo Aa pa3jacHM TeMe/be m cTaAMjyMe HacTaHKa CBeTa (je p nyKM MCK33 o cTBapaH>y CBeTa je o re ynpaBO c y n p o TH o c T cBanoM mocTMHKOM o 6jaiuH>eH>y cB e Ta ), Hero CBeT npMMa y H>eroBoj McnycTBeHOj AaTOCTM, m y CTBapM roBopM o HeneM CaCBMM APyrOM : O jeAHOKpaTHOM, MCTOpMjckom Ae/iy c n a ca , noje ce Meuia y pea/iHM CBeT KojM ce M ome McnycMTM 6mjio Aa je t o , y C Ta po M 3aB eTy, 0 A a 6paH 0CT HapoAa M3pae/ia m caonujTaBaH>e 3aKOHa, 6m/io Aa je t o , y Hobom 3aB eTy, X p m cto b o Ae/io c n a ca . Y t o /im h o je BamHMje npM CBaKOM nMTan>y o reHe3M m o3M ca no/iomMTM panyHa o TOMe Kojoj MMcaoHoj cTpyKTypM OHa y CTBapM npMn a ^ a , Tj. noje je HbeHo M e c T o " yH yTa p o se CKa/ie CTpyKTypHO OABOjeHMX pa3/lMHMTMX cfreHOMeHa, nouiTO ce Befi y HajcTapMjMM BpeMeHMMa, He caMO y A o 6 a HacTajahba npaBe mo3MC yBeK M3HOBa AO/ia3M/io a o kohTaMMHai^Mja m nceyA0M 0pc})03a M3Mef}y obmx pa3/iMHMTMX cjDopMM ,,A yxo BH or cTaBa npeMa C B e Ty" (A a cj)opMy/iMUjeMO n 0 Tn yH 0 y o n u iTe h o ), m H3K yTO/iMKO BMiue yKO/iMKO ce BMiue npM 6 jiMmaBaM 0 enocM npaBe mo3MC. Jo ui je y HJiacMHHOM, na nan MomAa Befi m y np e TH/iacMHHOM A o 6 y (IlM Ta ro p a m nM Taropej^M ) 6 mo M3pameH mcxoa MMcaoHe cneKy/ianMje nao pe/iMm03H0 yneH>e o 0THp0BeH>y, 6 mjio Aa ce cj3M/i030cj)Mja (n/iaTOHMCTMHKa) no3Ba/ia Ha npeACTaBe MMciepMjcKMx yneH>a Hao Ha n o TB p A y 0H0ra 0AaK/ie je oHa M3Be/ia hmcto ancTpaKTHO, e/ieaTCHM cj)yHAMpaHO MMUj/beH>e M MCTO T3KO AOnyCTM/ia Aa M 4)M/1030C}3cko cj)opMy/iMcaH>e 6 y A e yn/iMBMcaHO mmt-
[3 4 ]
chmm c/iHHaMa, mjim Aa je o 6 p H y io B/iacTnro yneHDe, BJiacTMTo 3HaH3e o n e T o6yKJia y caMOCTBOpeHe MMTCKe 4)OpMe M M3 BJiaCTMTOr cfDM/i030cfDCK0r ApmaH>a CTBopm ia HOBe mmtoBe cTpax0BW T0 je TeiuKo, HaponnTO y c/iyn a jy mmtckmx e/ieMeHaTa m MMCTepno3o<t)CKe TepMMHO/iomje koa ri/iaTOHa, 0A/iyHMTM y norn e A y CBaKor nojeAHHaHHor c/iynaja KOjeM yBeK npeTX0AM OBaj ,,npejia3 y A p y rn reh o c ; e x p e rto c re d e ! (oBfle ce mmc/im caMO na TpaHcno3m4Mjy opcJdmmkot b o rb o ro s / M n S , Myjb/ y ,,MaTepMjajiHO y o n iu T e koa lljia TO Ha). y cjiyMajy xpm utiaHCKe rH03Mc cJdbkth xpm utiaHCKe noBecTM cn a ca TyM ane ce noMotiy Tora Kao ,,n0CBetieH0CTM , Tano fla ce OHe nao nojeAMHe e n n 3 0A e , cM e m Ta jy y okBnpe je A H o r mocTMMKor m m tckot norjieA a Ha CBeT, motmbm xpm utiaHCKe noBecTH cn a ca ce (m y opnreHM3M y) npeACTaB/bajy Kao (oHTOJioLUKe) KOMnoHeHTe je A H o r yneHDa o CBeTy m 6 n tiy Koje je KOHL^MnnpaHO Bm ue nao njiaTOHncTMMKa K0CM 0Ji0m ja Hero Kao m o c TMHKH MMT, M Ha Taj H3HMH Cy BMLUe ,,nOcf)l1ji030cbncaHn H e r o (sit venia v e r b o ! ) n o m o cTHKOBaHM, npn neMy caMo Tp e 6 a y3eTM y o63np Aa OBa cpeAHje m H0B0njiaT0HCKa cjimna CBeTa MMa je ^a H TanaB ac|)MHMTeT npeMa mocTMHKOM MMTy o CBeTy, Aa c y mhotm foeHM MCK33M aM^MBa/ieHTHM, M MCTO T3K0 g en u i n o momm 6mtm M3BeAeHM M3 n p e Tn o CTaBKM hmcto cneKy/iaTMBHor, hmcto anCTpaKTHor njiaTOHMHKOT yneHba o 6Mtiy (k o jimko je obo M orytie nona3ao je X. J. KpeM ep y KHaM3M n op e K Jio MeTac|)M3MKe A y x a /,,Der U rs p ru n g d e r Geistm etaphysik/, A M C Te p AaM, 1964), Kao l u t o c y m momm 6mtm cxBaheHM Ha 0CH0By 3ajeAHMHKor pacnojiom eH ia BpeMeHa, Kao TpaHcno3MU[Mje TeMe/bHMx ejieMeHaTa m ocTM HKor mmtb o oncTaH K y y cf)Mjio3ocf)CKe cf)opMy^e m nojMOBe, lu to He noTBptiyje caMO Haiu n p M j a T e j b XaHC JoHac, H e ro noKa3yje m jeAHa Tano M3Bpcna KhbMra naKBa je oHa EHTOHMja BjiacoKa, ,,/laKTaHL;Mje m 4)mji030cJdckm m o3M c (Laktanz und philosophische Gnozis , X a jA e ji6 e p r, 1960). Ty ce jom jeAHOM noKymaBa c TBptjehbeM nao l u t o je o h o Aa mo3M c HMje, y CTBapM, h m l u t 3 A p y ro Hero n p o n a jio Ky/iTypHo A o 6 p o , y MMTQJiomjy M3onaneHa njiaTOHMHKa c}dmjio3o-
cfDMja, mjim na n, A a njiO TMHcna cjiMKa CBeTa n Aom M BJbaj cBeTa HMcy HMUJTa A P y r o Hero c{dm -
/i030cfDCKMM TepMMHMMa npeBeAeH THOCTMHkm o c e h a j CBeTa, Aa je HeonjiaTOHMHKa o h to jio m ja npeo6yneHM thoctmhkm mmt o 6Mhy. H m ja cm H e hy y nor/ieAy oBora 6mtm jeAH03HanaH. M o j 3aAaTaK je 6mo caMO Aa noCT3BMM Ta6/iMU,e yno3opeH>a, Aa APyrM He yn a A H y npeBpeM eHO y jaM e yonuiTaBajyhM X TBpiieHaa, a Aa He BMAe o n a cH ocT, Kojy ja ca 3a6pM H yTom hy bmahm. llp e B e o c a HeMaHKor A y u ia H TioptjeBMti M nneycHM ti
f lp O A e M
U O peKA d
flpMM. pefl.
2 H 0 C iU U lf U 3 M a
Yro EjaHKM
TH03a M rH0CTMUM33M
oa o je cmo Me/ie/in #a notieMo y mahTMcfDMtKaunjn npo6/iMa Hojn nac 3aHHMa jecTe noCTOjaw>e, noneB oa II Bena nocjie XpncTa, jeflHor KOManeKca AOKTpnHa m ceKTM 3 a Mnje ce 03HaMaBahbe 0niiiTenpMXBalieH0 kophctm TepMHH rHOCTMmi3aiw. (3 a io je Haiua TeM a y n y h e H a Ha mocTMLjM3aM, a He Ha m o 3 y ).
y CTBapn, npefl^aweMo fla ce TepMHH rHOCTMHH3aM ycBOjn y OHOM 3HaMeHy y kom ra KopncTe 4aHMejiy n Bo3aHM, pa3JiyHyjyliM ra oa rH03e: ann MOTMBM M OKOJIHOCTM T6 AHCTMHKHMje Cy 3a HaC pa3jiMHMTM oa ohm x Koje noflpa3yMeBajy tm HayqHM U.H. OCHOBHO CBOJCTBO rKOCTMLl,M3Ma (oBfle npnXB3TaM0 J 0Hac0 B0 o6jauiH3 ert.e) nMnnm;npa M3secHy rH03y, 3acHOBany Ha aHTp0n030({iCK0M KOHuenTy KOHcyncTaHu,njaiiHocTM n h e y m e Koja je y HOBeKy ca 6omaHcnoM n h e y m o m, to jecT Ha Mflejn (cna-
jian, KaA ce 3 a 3a onacHOCT cy6jeKTMBM3Ma m noCTojahbe M3BecHor 6 poja HMH>eHMua, npo6/ieMa m npeApacyAa Koje 6 m Mor/ie Aa CKpewy nawhby HaynHMKa: Mnan, B epyjeM O A a 3aAaTaK HMje HepeuiMB, a pac{)MHMpaHa m HayHHa ananm a X . JoHaca naM je to , mmhm ce, m AOKa3 ajia.* JoHac naM je, 0A 6 aUmblum CBaKy MOTyliy eKCTpanojianMjy, m HaMeTHyBLUM C Tp o ry Ancu,MnjiMHy cbom nosMBy KOMnapaTMCTe, n0HyAM0 jeAaH totobo H eocnopaH okbmp m o CTM4 M3 Ma, H>eroBor W eltanschauung-a Hjerose cyuiTMHe, HseroBor rnaca m Ayxa, H > e ro B o r j\yanwciv\HKor m aHTMKOCMMHKor KapaKTepa, HojM je Ayro 6 mo CMaTpaH TMnMHHMM 3a rH0CTM4M3aM, M HOjM je, aKO M o ry Aa AOAaM (m/im TaHiHMje p,a eKcnjimhmtho mpa3MM) y 0 A H 0 cy Ha JoHaca, mmhjimhmtho caAPHtaH y KOHu,enTy m o 3 e , oh3kbom naKaB je CBojcTBeH
m ocTM 4M 3M y: rHoaa 3acHOBaHa Ha canpMpoAHOOTM
c y 6 jeHTa cno3Haje, cno3HaTora, m HaHMHa Ha KojM c e cn o 3 H a je : 6 owaHCKa cyncTaHU,a Koja cno3Haje caMy c e 6 e ; KOHUienuMja m o 3 e nyreM canpM pcAHO ctm, Koja 6jiMwe OApe1iyje m o3y mocTMujM3Ma ('MJiM, aiKO xotieTe, HOija 6 /inme OApetjyje H>eroB -m33m). Ta KOH^enu,Mja caMo nO TB ptiyje p,a je rHocTMUM3aM jeflHa av^Jimctmhhb aHTpono3ot{)Mja (ca K0CM030C(3Mj0M), M fla Ce 33CHMBa Ha CynpOTCTaBjbenocTM nHeyMaTCHor ejieMeHTa y 0AH0cy Ha CBeT-Tejio: Ta cy n p 0TCTaBJbeH0CT ce y mctm Max 6 jiMwe o A p e t )y je m Hao M3 B o p n a (oHTOjiouiKo-npocTapHa) CTpaH 0 CT njiepoMaTCHor y OAHOcy Ha MpanHM m M aTepMjaJIHM CBeT, M Kao MMaHeHTHOCT-3aTOHeHOCT njiepoMaTCKor ejieMeHTa mjim H>eroBMx nocjieAH>MX eMaHauMja, y tmmhm m MaTepMjM, nao nocjieAMua jeAHe mjim BMiue y3acTonHMx KpM3a 6omaHCKor CBeTa, Hoje cy y3poK nocTojaiba Tor H M m e r CBeTa m Koje cy ,,yTMCHyjie y H>era, nojM je 6 mo nocBe npa3aH m jaflaH , n p o jia 3 H O n p n c y c TB o oSjiM Ha, himB O Ta , m A y u ie (tp m 0 A r0 B a p a jylia a c n e K T a 6 ow aH C K o r, m 6 o w a H C K e s p h r a g i s y O BO M e c e e T y ) .
HapoHM TM M noAB/ianeH>eM Koje Hnje nMiueHo KacHMjnx MAeojiouiHMX MMnjiMKai^Mja, a Hoje HMcy HymHO
eKcruiML^MTHe na naH hm MMiuiMUMTHe y mmctom 3HaMefcy pewM ^vco cng, OHaKBe naKBa je M or/ia 6mtm y ynoTpe6n y II BKy mjim npe H>era.2 yocTajiOM, 3a 03HaHaBaH>e mocTMUM3Ma mjim HeroBor naTeropnjajiHor o6jiMKa, Morao 6n Aa ce kopmctm HeManKM TepMMH dliie Gniolsitiik no aHa/iornju ca TepMMHOM Orphi'k Kojn je HenaAa npeAJiarao BMJiaMOBnu,.
cMM60JiM30BaH katexochen (npeMAa HenoTnyHo) 36mpkom Khenoboskion TencTOBa, je c ie , hmhm ce, 9iHajiM3MpaTM ra Aa 6 m c e o r K p n o HeKM rt.eroB cmmcao, jeAHg TMnojiornja; Aa My ce OTKpujy, Aa TaKO KaweMO, JiMu,e m Ayuia. P a 3y M e ce Aa 3aAaTaK HMje
[ 36]
na ce TeMe/bHMM aiHTWHocMH30M (ynop. HaaceCKo TyMaHeHje m h t s o AflOHncy n A T H c y ): CM/ia3ehM Ha 36M/by o b h MyiiJHM SoroBM na HoJ OTBapajy m nBOT, ann Ha K pa jy M o pajy n0H0B0 A a BpaTe CBOjy M yiuKy-6o>aiHCKy c y n c T a H u y y bm luh CBeT.4 C a MCTor To r CTaHOBMiuia (pa3MaTpa ce m c/iomeHa y/iora meHCKe riHeyMe (npo B o6 M TH a weHa ) k o a HpeHejeBnx rHOCTMKa I, 30, 1 14. OHa je 6omaHCKM m n/iepoMaTCKn eHTM TeT, n p e M ^ a hmwh o a O u a - n p B o 6 M TH o r HOBeKa - CBeT/iocTM m CnHa h oB eKO Bor-fl,pyrora MOBeKa; oHa y B o ^ e x a o c a pa3/iMBa CBeT/iooHy pocy (Sophia Prumikos) y nojoj Sophia
OTem aBa m 0 Te /i0TB 0pyje c e : 33tmm c e flOHeK/ie y3AMme m nocTaJe Hena BpcTa CBOfla (H e 6 e c K o r); Ha K pajy ce Bpaha y He6o. y PacnpaBM 6e3 H acjiosa5 (1 4 6 , 11) joiu Je JacHMja MMn/iMKau,Mja jeflHe eBOJiyunje, m/im paAMje JeflHe KoSHe A e B 0/iy 4 Mje n/iepo-
cnpeHM/ia Aa nyje r/iac m bmam c/iMKy CocJ)Mje oapameHy Ha boam (Pacnpasa 6e3 Hac/iosa, 148, 12 22 ) .8 A/im y obom cinyHajy BeoMa je 3 HaHajiHo m to Aa Je .Sophia (jeAHa MHcjiepMopHa Sophia, a/iM noja, Manap Ae/iMMMHHO, MnaK OAroBapa nojMy Pistis-S ophia) TaKohe m MMe meHcne CTpane noc/ieAhfaer fleMMjyproBor CMHa, y MCToj pacnpaBM (149, 34
150, 1) YonujTe y3eB, AB03HaHH0CT AeMMjypra, a HapoHMTO AB03H3HHOCT Jl0r0Ca-3MMje CneKy/13TMBHMX ocfjMTa, nnp. XMno/iMTOBMx flepaTa, V, 17 7 8 (KOjw, CBojMM CM/iacKOM m n0H0BHMM y3AM3aibeM, camMMa y ce6M 4)yHHUMje AeM M jypra m CnacMTe/ba) npeACTaB/ba naHAaH toJ AB03HaHH0CTM Coc{)Mje, ujto he ce BMAeTM KacHMje, KaA 6yAeM0 npeAOHM/iM jeAaH aHanorHM acneKT Te HepaBHOTeme 6omaHCKor m Te AyaJiMCTMHKe cneKy/iauMje ycMepeHe na ,,CBe , Koja je TMnMHHa 3a rH0CTMUM3aM.
MaTCKor CBeTa: MefiyTMM, nafl je M3 6e3rpaHMMHor AOBpuieHa npnpoAa SecMpTHor, ITmctmc M3/iMBa M3 ce6e JeAHy c/iMHy. . . Hoja TemM Aa nocTaHe, m nocT a je , Ae/io (eproH, mctm TepMMH KojM y XMnocia3M
03HaMaBa nopeK/ro H e 6 e c K o r 3 a o ro p a m ceHKe-TMMHe noja M3 hbera npoMCTMHe) Ha/iMK npeer3MCTMpajyhoj CBeTjiocTM, a o k H>e3MHa BO/ba (B0/ba IIm ctm c) y 3 p o K yje je A H y ,,c/iMKy He6a, je A H y k a ta p e ta s m a , noja pa3ABaja 6ecMpTHe oa ohmx koJm cy, McnoA H>e, poheHM no 6omaHOKOM y 3o p y . Ha to yna3yje m o n e A e h a peMHMU,a (146 apxo H aTa
kiatapetasim'a
noApa3yM6Ba) Ba/ba TpamMTM M3Bop AOKeTMCTMHKe mmc/im). Je p 3 a aoh6tm3MOm He Tpe6a TparaTM caMo y rHOCTMHKOj xpMCTo/iorMjm, Hero m y mholutbv Apytmx c/iyHajeBa, kojm ce cbm Ha pa3/iMHMTe Ha-
HMHe
2 6 ): Eoh MCTMHe HeMa yH yrap ce6e ( s c i i HaA 3ac to p o m ) HMHaKBe TMMHe, a/iM H>eroBa cno/bauiHocT (scil. AOH>a CTpaHa 3acTopa, KOjM npaKTMHHO npeACTaB/ba H>eroBy rpaH M uy) je c T e ceH Ha . O B A e h oh C TaTyjeM O Teoc})M3MMHy cyuiTM Hy T e mmcjim Hoja mm-
ckmx dnha y obom CBeTy, yc/iOB/beHy thoctmhkom OHTO/IOrMjOM. y TOM CMMC/iy, A0KeTM33M 6m C6 MOrao Aec})MHMcaTM Hao noce6aH h3hmh noBe3MBaH>a m ,
MCTOBpeMeHO, cynpoTCTaB/baH>a ABajy CBeTOBa, nHeyMaTCKor m ncMxo-xM/iMHHor, car/ia0H0 mohmctmhko-Aya/iMCTMHKMM npeTnocTaBKaMa 0HT0/i0rMje thoctm-
U,M3Ma.
uiMny KOjM ce n0MCT0Behyje ca 6omaHCKMM nHeyM3TCKMM npMHHMnOM, nOCpeACTBOM HajCMpOBMje cMM6o/iorMje, M3BeAeHe M 3 o6peAa njiOAHOCTM m MMOTepMO3o4)0KMX oney/ianMja oje cy ce na h>mx
HaA0Be3MBa/ie. Ba/ba pa3M0TpMTM m 6ap6e/iomocTMH-
Ke KOHU,enuMje m M eTOAe, ycM e p e H e na npoM eH /bMBOCT nHeyMe nOMCTOBetieHe ca cnepMOM1 0 , a Koje MomAa HMoy CTpane nan hm ohmm pacnpaBaMa Koje MMajy y ce6M jeAaH 8htmkocmmhkm m ancTMHeHTCKM
acneKT. Ha
npMMep, Ae/iMMMHHa n 0 A yA apH 0C T ao-
Ka3a y XMnocTa3M apxoHaTa ca ,Kh>mtom HopeMHOM (Kojy H3B0AM EnM4)aHMje, IlaH. 26, 1, 3 9, a Hoja c e H aA 0Be3yje na 6ap6e/iom ooTM Ke) nocraB/ba npo6/ieMe y Be3M ca eBeHTyanHOM bmt3/imctmhkom kom-
noHemoM m3 k m y ohm m cem aM a noje cy ce cnymn/ie jeflHOM KHjMroM KaKBa je XunocTa3a, Mano ce y Haoj He noMMHy hii 5ap6ejio hm iteHM o6peflM. AoKTpMHa o nHeyMM-cnepMM (noja 6e3 cyMH>e 6apeM y nor^efly jeflHe ofl h>mxobmx MorytiMX no6yfla ynpaBjba acKeTCKo-CTO6ofloyMHOM aboCMMoneHoiutiy tojimkmx rHOCTMMHMx cTpyja) cBanaKo npnnafla 0H0j MMcaoHoj CTpyjM MMCTepMjCKor nopeMa ycMepeHoj Ha np0MeH/bMB0CT BMTajiHor 60maHCKor ejieMeHTa (yKparKO: mMBOTa") noja je , m caMa, HecyMHjMBo noBe3aHa ca ApeBHMM o6peflMMa n/lOflHOCTM, ca HjMXOBMM B6JlMKMM-6omMUaMa (KOjMMa je Bap6ejio BeoMa 6/TM'CHa, npeM^a y rHOCTHHKOj TpaHCKpMnUMjM), Ca HbMXOBMM yMMpyflMM M MH4)epHM30BaHMM 6oroBMMa, MMja je H en0C T0jaH 0C T
kojm
neAOK/ioBe 4>opMyjiauMje, HaBeAeHe mime), TparoM je AejioM ko p m c tm o Beh m flJiaTOH (yn. HMme
HaA0B63yjytiM ce Ha Ayx mmcTep M 030 4)nje, KaTKaA eK0njiM4MTH0 (HaaceHCKo Ty MaMeH>e mmtob3 o AAO HM cy, A TM cy , m ta .), ajiM y CBaKOM cnynajy MHCMCTMpajytiM Ha oi)aa ai}p,a m Ha H>eHMM MMnjiMKauMjaMa jeAHe AyajiMCTMMKe MAeje o
MOBeKy m np0MeHJbMB0CTM M3ry6jbeHor 6om aHCKor e/ieMeHTa HojM je y H>eMy 3aTOMeH, mocTMu,M3aM je Har/iamaBao peBO/iynMOHapHM CTaB MMcrepM0304>Mje. A OBa je, y c y n p o th o c tm ca haTypM 3mom MMCTepMje
(m o6peAa h jio a h o ctm ) M3BpHyjia cMMcao npoMeHJbMboctm 6om aHCKor ejieM eH Ta y c B e Ty m u,MHJi/cy KOjM H>MMe ynpaBJba, 3aMeH>yjytiM (3a 3eMJby cb s y CBeMy n03MTMBHy) npOMeHJbMBOCT nJlOAOTBC pH or 6om aHCKor mMBOTa (HeraTMBHOM) np0M ef.AM B0iutiy 0H0r A P yro r acneHTa 6omaHCHor ejieM eHTa nojM je 6omaHCKa A y ^ a (3anpaBO yMpTBJbeHa Y e v e m s -o ]i ). flpyraMMje peneHO, u,MKJiyc njioAHOCTM 6mo je o a T o r Tpe H yTK a o c y h e H , n0MCT0BetieH ca 4MKJiycoM patjaH>a m cmptm, koj'm 3aTB ap ajy y M eTaHC0M aT03y mctmhckm 6omaHCKM npMHUMn, KojM ca A a npeACTaBjba A yiu a . rH0CTMUM3aM HacTaBjba Aa kpmm Taj nyT, jacHMje oA pe hyjytiM 6omaHCKM ejieMeHT nao nHeyMy, A y x (y OHOM 3HaneH>y Koje Taj TepMMH MMa y th o c -
KpajH>e Typo6Ha m majiocHa, Kp03 umhjimhhoct h>mxoBor noBpaTKa, iu to ce He 3aBpiuaBa je^HMM koH34HMM BaOKpceH>eM, Betl KpaTKMM 60paBH0M Ha 3eM/bn, kojm o6ejiemaBa g a m o s . Apyrn M penMMa, o6peflM n^OAHOCTM (a Ae/iOM m MMiCTepMije) CTaB/bajy Har/iacan Ha UMK/iyc pat3aH>a, HojM je flo6ap m rapaHTyje (KO/ieKTMBHM) oncTaHaK 3eM/bM, 6e3 o63npa Ha fly6oKy ceTy nojeflMHaMHor m yMMpytier 6ora npefl /lMHHOM nepcneKTMBOM XaAa aoh mmCTepno3o4)Mja (mmc/himo Hnp. Ha ,,op4)M3aM ) m rH0CTMUM3aM M3Bptiy cyA o UMK/iycy m u,M/bajy Ha H>erx>BO pacKMAaH>e, o je yc/ioB/baBa M36aB/beH>e nojeflMHua (m/im 60/be H>eroBe 6 owaHCKe Mcnpe, H>eroBe 6omaHCKe Ayiue) M3 0 B0r cBeTa, KojM je TMMe M 3jeflHaHeH ca XaAOM.n Te cmo Be3e noce6Ho pa3MaTpa/iM y jeAHOM ApyroM paAy (HHMUMjauuja, MMCTepMje, m o3a, y IniDiiation, Aotes du Q olloque IA H R Strasbuirg, n3fl. C. J. Blee'ker, Leiden, 1965, CTp. 154 ss., KOMe tieMO ce, ano AonycTMTe, BpaTMTM y nor/ieAy obhx nojeAMHocTM). T y cmo pa3/iMKOBa/iM: a) MMCTepnje (rnna e/ieycwHCKnx), y KojMMa ce haTypmctmmKo-KO/ieKTMBHa KOHaHHOCT, Hoja HacTaB/ba ApeBHe o6pefle n/i0 AH 0 CTH, cra na ca jeAHOM MHAMBMAyaJi hom coTepo/iorMjCM noja ce oahocm Ha Ayiuy ynytieHor, 6e3 aHTMKOCMMMKMX HMn/lMKaLl,Mja, M 6 ) jeAHiy mmCTepno3o4)njy, cxBatieHy nao n 0 T 0 H>e npoMMiu/baH>e eM6pnoHa/iHe Teo/iomje MMCTepMja, npoMMui/baH>e Koje MCK/byMyje (mjim 6 0 /be OA6anyje m ocytiyje) eMTa/incTMMKM acneKT m noAB/iaMM, oa ca^a y aHTMKOMHMKOij M Aya/1MCTHMK0 ,,CnMpMTay/lMCTHMK0j " c{)yHKUMjM, npOMeH/bMBOCT A yw e (6omaHCKe, kohcyncTaHUMja/iHe 6 oroBMMa), c oHe CTpaHe, m npoTMB 0B0ra CBeTa m Te/ia (ce30HCKa npoMeH/bMBocT wmBOTa nocTaje oa caAa MeTaHCOMaTCKa npoMeH/bMBOCT flyuie): a nao npMMep To r n 0 H0 BH0 r ,co4)MHKo-Aya/lMCTMHKor npoMMui/baH>a MMCTepMja HaBe/iM cmo rpHKM o4 >H3 aM, ko}m B e tiy VI BeKy, HajKacHMje, y bhmMO/lOUJKOj M aiHTMK OCM M HKOj ^H K H M jM TyM 3MM flpeBHy BMTa/lMCTMHKy MMT0/10rMj'y AMCHM3 M j CT B3.
TMHKoj TeojiorMjM), jioroc m Hyc; a o4>MTM3aM TaHotje 3aApmaBa 6pojHe acneKTe MMCTepM0304>CKe
KocMOJiorMje m nocM oroHM je (MHCMCTMpajytiM Ha napajie/iM3My M 0BeK -C B eyK ynH 0C T, mbk m y3 M3/iaraH>e onacHOCTM o a cjia6jbeH>a TeM ejbH o r aHTMK0CMM3Ma, onacHOCTM n o jy c y no3HaBajiM Beti EMneAOKJie m ,,op4>M3aM , m KOja je Ha opMmHa/iaH h3hmh yHan p e A yp a n yH a Ta jeAHOM onTMMMCTMHKMjoM kocm o3o4>MjoM, ohom fl/iaTOHOBOM TMMej Hoja AaK/ie HMje no TOM e jeAMHM nocpeAHMK M3Mef)y rpHKe MMCTMKe M rHOCTMUM3Ma).
Ajim MMCTepMO304>CKa peBOJiyuMja, Kojy je moCTMUM33M npey3eo y CBoje onpMJbe, HMje cpyuiM/ia caM TeMe/b CTape KOHuenuMje npoMeH/bMBocTM 6omaHCKor e/ieMeHTa y CBeTy: ujto ce mocTMUM3Ma TMne, m AaJbe je BeoMa SHanajHO Aa nH eyM a m mwB O T-cnepM a (n 6om aHCHa c b b t j i o c t ) ocTajy Hepa3ABOjHM, M JIM MCTOBeTHM, H3K M y HajM3pa3MTMje aHTMKOCMMMKOM M aHTM6M6jlWjCKOM rHOCTMUM3My, 6MJ10 y MMTy (MaHMxejM3aM) 6vtjio y o6peAy m u,ejioKynHoj MAeoJioTMj'M EnM4>aiHOBMx 6ap6ejiorHocTMKa, rAe je Ta jeAHaKOCT nHeyMa-cnepMa TMnMHHa m onpeAeJbyjytia.ls HjeHM ce TparoBM Hajia3e m y pacnpaBaMa, Hnp. y XMnocTa3H apxoHaTa r^e y3acTonHe 6omaHCKe MHTepBeHUMje yHOce y MOBena, o6jimkoBaHor HMmMM cMJiaMa, a) ikmbot (MorytiHocT Aa ce y3AMme, 6e3 Koje 6m HOBen 6mo HeMotiaH nonyT 4PBa), 6) nHeyMy. 1-boMe ce o6jaiuH>aBa m CaTopHMJiOBa a H T p o n o jio rM ja .
u jto
ce tm-
ne H>eroBor aHTMKOCMM3Ma m H>eroBe AyanncTM 4Ke flOKTpiiHe o MOBeKy ai)ia oi'ifia, Te/io = rpo 6 ), Koja ra yM HoroM e O A p e ^ y je , caMo HacTaB/ba TparoM Kojn je o6 e/ie}KM/ia MMCTepwo3o4>Mja (MMaMO Ha yMy Em-
LUto ce TMHe o4>MTCKe cneKyjiauMje, H>eHe cy Be3e ca MMCTepM0304>Mj0M OMMTe, He caMo y paBHM aiijxa ofjp.a HerO M3K M H3 nJ13Hy MMCTMHKe AOKTpMHe o kocmoc^, H acynpoT TOMe, napajiejiM3aM MoBeK-CBeyKynHocT 6mo je m y jeAHOM m y APyroM cjiynajy o6paheH ao Kpaja, y3 onacHOCT, nao ujto Beti peKOCMO, y6jiamaB8H>a TeMejbHor aHTMKOCMM3Ma jeA-
[ 38]
HOM
MHCTMHKOM
BM3MjOM
o m o u it o
KOCMOCa
HjerOBe
CBe-
Tor
TepMMHa,
m noAcetia
Ha
CMMOHMjCKy
any3Mjy
t^op.
HjeHMi^a fla ce Ta ocpMTCKa (Hnp. HaaceHCKa) aohTpMHa o CBeyKynHocTM, jeAHOj AyaJiMCTMMHoj CboyKyjr>H0CTM ycMepeHOj Ha npoMeH/bMBOCT Aym e noMCTOBetieHe Ca MyilJKMM TBOpaMKMM* npMHI^MnOM, Koja 0WMB0TB0pyje HMmy npMpofly (XMno/i. Ref. V 7) ^ HaflOBe3yje Ha mohmctmhk^ m /im T0Ta/iM3Mpajyh y rHOCTMMHy KOHu,enu,Mjyt noiflByM0Hy y npeTXomhom naparpa4>y, no Kojoj hmw!m OBeT, kojimko rom Hecno'j'MB ca bmujmm, nnan y CBOMe nocTojaH>y 3 abmcm ofl Hera, y CBeMy ohom ujto ( npmbpemho M/m
npMBMflHo) MMa ofl KMBOTa, o6/iMKa, cyncTaH ue,
a cpuuv Kesveuv v\ rianifHOAHjy, noja je , Kao u ito 3H3mo, Mopa/ia npM3H3tm Aa je 6oHiM u,a Xe/ieHa 6e360WH0 6m 6m/io xy/iMTM je noc/ia/ia y Tp o jy caMO CBoj npMBMA, A o k ce OHa /immho canpM/ia y Em n aT (T y 36M/by 6 o ro B a ).14 Han m TeMa CnacMTe/ba KojM HanyujTa cB oje Te/io HenocpeAHo npe pacnetia, 3 aM eH>yje ra C h m o h KMpMHaHiMH, yna3yje Ha t o fla nfleo /iouiK a cyncTaHua AOKeTM3Ma paAMje noMMBa y jeAHoj cjiopMy/in Koja 6m ce, ca X nn 0C Ta30M a p x o H a ia (135,
,,ncMXMMKO He
MyiuKor: to Je ynpaBO HaaceHCKO TyMaMeH>e npoMeH/bMBOCTM AflOHMCa M /IM ATMCa (M3PMMMT0 Ha3BaH0r MyuiKMM e/ieMeHTOM) hoJm CTBapajy jkmbot y hmwmm ccjjepaMa, CTynajytiM y 6pan ca AcJdpoamtom (m/im HeKOM HMHtOM HmMC^OM), M KOjM, Kp03 CBOjy ,,Ka3Hy (Ex6Xaan; Mopajy Aa ce BpaTe He6ecKOM CBeTy (m/im MajuM 6oroBa", mocTMHKoj Bap6e/io). (3aHMMAMBo je aa je oBaj mmt Mopao nonpMMMTM AOCTa c/immho TyMaHeH>e m y Jy/iMjaHOBOM Heon/iaTOHM3My (yno p. Han. 4 ), a/iM y K0HT6KCTy jeflHor 6/ia,wer flya/iM3Ma KojM HarMHe n/iaTOHM3My: Majna 6oroBa je oflo6pM/ia Atmcob CM/ia3aK).
A/im He we/iMMO npeBM uie fla MHCMCTMpaMO Ha o4)MTM3My Kora noTBpliyje XMno/iMT: 3aA0B0/bMtieM0 ce 3anawaH>eM p,a o 6ap6e/iM3My CBeflOMM Beti HpeHej (I, 29, is.) m fla je oc}jMTCKa npoMeH/bMBocT AflOHMCOBa MMa/ia cB oj JyflaMCTMMKM c ao 6 pa3 y Bap y x y rHocTMKa JycTM H a m hberoBOM n a p y EnoxMM-EfleH. y CB3KOM c/iyMaJy, Mano c e npMK/byMyje /imhm'Jm HaflMotiM M yujK or Hafl HteHCKMM npMHUMnoM, kojM no TB p tiyje T n M e j 42a, noMCTOBetiMBaHje He6ecKor m M yujKor Mrpa y rHOCTMUM3My 6MTHy y/iory, noMeB Ofl JeBaHtjen>a no Tomm, m yK/iana c e y abocmmc/ieHOCT TMnMMHy 3a mocTMi*M3aM y nor/iefly w e H e : 6omaHCKa w e n a MajKa cbmx >hmbmx m ,,MCu,e/iMTe/b", y cB ojo j 6om aHCKoj y/i03M (X tin o c T a 3 a a p x o HaTa 137, 15, Koja TMMe n o TB p t)y je c B o jy Be3aHOCT 3a jeflaH 6ap6e/iMCTMMKM MeHTa/iMTeT), m, c flp y re CTpaH e, cmm6o/i m cpeflCTBO y6ve8ig - a m seMHOCTM (P acnp aB a 6e3 Hac/ioBa, 157, 22 2 5 ).
J y A a n 3 aM
m o c TM U ,M 3 a M :
M e T 0 A 0 / i 0 u iH a
3anamaH>a
Ajim BpaTMMO c e ca A a m6toao/ioujkmm 3anaaH>MMa Be33HMM 3a OHO UITO HaC Tpe H yTH O 38HMMa, Aa
4)0pMy/iMLueM0 nMTaH>e nopeK/ia mocTMu,M3Ma. KaA ce jeAHOM OApeAe TeMe/bMi mocTM4M3Ma (noMeTHO ynytiMBaH>e Ha mocTMuM3a m II Bea m Aa/be), m KaA ce npeitM3Mpa CMMcao mo3e mocTMUM3Ma, nocTaB/ba ce nMTan>e H>eroBor reHeTMMKor ,,pa3jauiH>aBahba. T y ce jaB/bajy ABa nocTynKa: a) m /im ce MHCMCTMpa Ha 3ajeAHMMKMM TeMaMa, KOHLienTMMa m noce^HHM TepMMHO/iomjaMa y thoctmmkmm TencTOBM M a M Te K C TO B M M a APYrMX MCTOpMjCHO-pe/lMmjckmx cpeAMHa, Hap0MMT0 ,,no3Hor jyAaM3Ma, oahoch o M pa H C H or, e m n a T C K o r C B e T a , m /im n/iaiOHM3Ma, 6) M /iM ce, na, MHCMCTMpa na obao CKMUMpaHoj aHa/1M 3M HeAe/bMBe cyuiTM'He rHOCTMMKor W eltanschauung-a, m Tpara 3a H>eroBMM cpoahoctmma y ohmm cpe-
AMHaMa KOje 6m, y MaH>oj h/ih Befioj Mepn, Mor/ie 6mtm y AOAnpy ca cpeAMHOM y Kojoj ce pa3BMjao moctm4M3aM, ocmm ao ce Te cpoflHOCTM we HaCTOje nOTBpAMTM HaCHMje, MCTOpMjCKM.
O bao ce H a TH a A a ja B /b a je A a H C TTfliM ija M a mjim , , E n k Ia r u n g " - a M C TpawM BaH>a M3 y 3 e T H o napaA O Kc y M3 pa-
3 iMT 0
no/ieMMMHMiM
n p o TM B
re lig jo n is g e KO M na p a -
sc h ilc h ftiliic h TM 3 M 3 . T a K B a AM K 3A Aa je ca
(m c to p m Jc k o -p e / iM rM jo K o r n p o TM B iHa
y o n u jT e H o
Mopa/ia 6 m n p B O j M e io o n p e 3Ho,
npMCTynajy
npMMep
C. flOKeTM3aM
HcTMMeMO OBfle jeflHO aHa/iomo 3anawaHje Be3aHO 3a THOCTMMKM flOHeTM3aM, MMje Ce aHTMKOCMMMHO M Aya/iMCTMMKO 3HaM6H>e He orpaHMMaBa caMO Ha jeflaH onuJTM (npeMfla ommto npMcyTaH) aHTMC0MaTCKM CTaB, Hero jouj cneuM4>MMHMje yBOflM MAejy fla oho ujto npnnafla HMmeM c B e ry He Mome noceflOBaTM, M /lM ' Ce jjflOMOh'M" OHOr UJTO je CBeT/lOOHO m 6omaHCKo: npMceTMMO ce y3a/iyflHMx HacpTaja apxoHaTa Ha He6ecKy w e n y m ibe3MHy ntiep H o p e y y XnnocTa3M: He6ecKa weHa m x sapa noflMeTHyBuiM yM ocro ce6e 3MajbioHy EBy, m CMeje ce 3a6/iyflM apxoHaTa y6et)eHMX fla je noceflyjy m fla jo j HaMetiy CBOjy BO/by: Ta je TeMa 3aMHe m cM exa TMriMMHo flOKeTMCTMMKa, y Haj/ierMTMMHMje rHOCTMMKOM CMMC/iy
UMOHa/iHO je ,
M OHAa
Ba /b a /io Ha c
n o p e A H TM K O H Te n c T Bp eM eH a U M je u,M3 Ma
ocTajao
tm x na
y oAHOcy
H a n p o TM B ,
n p e Te M a .
BpeM e
Te H A e H m o c TM -
MaKCMM a/iHO
M oryher
m n o 3 H o r jy A a M 3 M a, H a Te K C TO B M M a
mOCTMMHMM
0 CH 0 B y n p M c y c TB a y je A 'H O r M H 0 L U T B 3 T e M a M
[39]
Ay MHH'M H3M c e OMMMeftHMM fla 6m, yKOJlMKO je , OBfle CKMunpaHa, MAeojioiuHa aHajiM3a rHOCTW4M3Ma mcnpaBHa, no3MBaH>e Ha je B p e jc K e (m npaHCKe) TeM e momo jeftMHo fla 6 y fle H>oj no A p e fie H o : HMjeAaH jeBpejCKH mjim jyA eo xpniijfiaH C K n T e n c T , na hm ycneH >e McanjMHo, n e 6m M orao, c a CTaHOBHLUTa p e jin rn jc K e TMnojiomje m MCTopnje pejiM m je, A a 6 y A e np nno jeH rH0CTMUM3My (cjiyMaj Kn>nre EapyxoBe rHOCTMKa J y -
CTMHa
APyraMnjM je,
MMMKor 6Mtia, KojM (rpex) yc/ioBJbaBa nocTojaibe (Aaje nocTOjaH>e) OBora OBeTa m MOBena, y komo to 6Mtie noAHocM cBOjy kolasiiis, npo3 Heny BpcTy rpexa nocToJaH>a". Obo je MAeja nojy cmo p a 3 BMJiM y AOAaTKy jeAHOM paAy a jy TeMy, o6jaB/beHOM na ApyroM MecTy.1 6 Aanjie, Taj je aHTponosocJjCKM komnjienc TMnMMaH 3a rpMKe MMCTepM0304)CKe CTpyje KOje Ha3MB3MO Op4>M3MOM,,, a KOje cy CHamHO yTM4ajie na nMTaropy m fljiaTOHa.
fle M M jyp r Jo u j H6LUT0 UJTO Ce TMMe T0M 6 jyAa*M Q3M -rH OCTMHM3aM: M3rjieAa Aa ce jeA aH 6MTan acn e K T OBora nMTaH>a, koJm noABJiaMM JoHac, a ujto caM m ja noAByKao, TMMe AeMnjypra KojM je JbyMHa jimmhoct y ApaMM m cneHapMjy ujto mx npMa3yjy Hauje pacnpaBe. Jep ynpaBo je AeM M jypr OHaj kojm, y mctmm tmm pacmpaBaMa mmb no cjia ca jyAaM3M0M, 6yAytiM A a je oh caMO naTBopMna 6M6jiMijcHor Bora c tb o -
n to c p a3 Jio ro M ); hmtm 6m TeM aTCKe cjimmhoctm, n TepMMHOJioiiJKe m OHOMacTHMKe n0AyAapH0CTM ( vinv\ AepnBam ije) c M e ^ e A a ,,o6jaujH>aBajy ( e n k la re n )
rH0CTMUM3aM. flpyraMMje peMeHO, anoKajinnTMMKM jyAan3aM, m jim HeHe H>eroBe MaHnt})ecTamije, He 6n ce CMe/in 03HaMaBaTn nao ,,nperH03a 6e3 jeAHOr onpeAejbyjytier pa3rpaHMMaBaH>a 0B0r nocjieAH>er TepMMHa: am to ce pa3rpaHMMaBaH>e jeAHOCTaBHo noAyAapa ca nmaH>eM noje ce oBAe jaBJba nao npeAMeT, Aa ce Ca3Ha KOJJHHM cy MCTOpnjCKH, reHeTMMKH 3HaMaj, 3a c&m rH0CTMUM3aM, MMajie OApetJeHe TeMe n Tepm m hm Kojn jouj Hncy rHOCTMUM3aM. PaAnje H3M ce, AaKJie, m m hm Aa je 6ojbe ntiM ohmm APyrMM nyTeM (6), KojM ce cbom CHaroM OHpetie aHajiM3M oh3kBor rH0CTM4'M3Ma KaKaB 3HaMO Aa je 6mo y II BeKy, fla 6m ce BMAe.no Aa jim pejinrMjcKe cpeAMHe MaTepMjajiHO 6jiMcne rH0CTMUM3My yHa3yjy, m jim He yna3yjy, Ha oocTojaH>e MAeojioujKMX KOHTencTa 6mtho Be33HMX 3a CBeT M nCMX0J10mjy rH0CTMLU13Ma. LUto ce KyMpaHa TMMe, OBAe tieMo ce orpaHMmhtm Ha 3anawaH>e Aa CBano n03MBaH>e a ABa BoroM CTBopeHa Ayxa He npeAOMaBa cBojCTBO AyajiM3Ma yonuiTe, onaKBor nanaB ce noApa3yMeBa y pejiMrMjcHOj 4)eHOMeH0Ji0rMjM, a jorn MaH>e aTMHocM M M K M AyaJlM38M CBOjCTBeH TH0CTM4M3My. ^Aeja A^ je y MOBeKy npMcyTaH jeAaH Ayx m jim je^Ha Man.e-BM Lue cyncTaHUMjajiHa TWH>a 3Jiy, noja je TMnMMHa m 3a pa6Mcy TpaAviHMjy, e TpancueHAMpa yMCTMHy 6M6ilMjCKM M0H0TeM33M M CTBOpMTeJbCTBO; OHa M X, HanpOTMB, MMnJlMU,Mpa, MaKO 6m ce O HiOj MCTO TaKO Morjio pa3MMLUJbaTM m y OHTeKCTy jeAHor npeAjioujKa KOjM ce He oahocm hm na H0CM0Ji0mjy, hmtm Ha KOCMOJIOLUKM AyaJlM33M, HOrO Ha aHTpOnOflOUIKM AyajiM3aM, m jim TaMHMje jeAaH H>enoB oApetjeHM bma. Ajim Bajba aoa^tm Aa ce Taj KyMpaHCM m pa6MHCKM (no3Ho jeBpeJcKM) aHTponojiouiKM AyaJiM3aM jano pa3JiMKyje oa rHOCTMMKor a-HTpono3oc|}CKor AyaJiM3Ma, KOjM Ae^MHMLUeMO Kao aHTMCOM3TM3aM 6jiMwe OApetieH TeopMjoM o 6owaHCTBy nHeyMe, pap,manhm m 3HTMHOCMM3MOM m MAejOM o naAy njiepoMaTckmx 6Mtia: 3HaMM ynpaBO cynp0TH0 n03HOjeBpejcHoj, KyMpaHCKoJ m pa6MHCK0j MAejM Aa je Bor y MOBeny c t b o p m o ABa Ayxa. Kao luto ce bmam, BpatiaMo ce oh-mm tmumhhimim BesaMa M3Metiy BMUjer vi HMwer cBeTa, noje y thoCTMUM3My TBOpe HeKy MyAHy BpCTy aHTMHOCMMMHe KOCMoroHMje, AyaJiM3Ma ca mohmctmmhmm MMn/iMKaUMjaMa, y HOMe cmo ckjiohm Aa bmammo, Ha ocHOBy TeMeJbHe AyaJiMCTMMKe aHTponosoc^Mje m kocmmmHor necMMM3Ma, noc/ieAH>y peM MAeojiorMje thoctm4M 3 Ma: MAejy o ,,npeTXOAHOM rp e xy nOMMjteHOM (ko6ho) o a crpaHe jeAor HaAJbyAOHor m HaAJHOC-
6ap HeMa yBe CBojy y jio ry y phoctmmhmm onenyjia^MjaMa no je ce TMny nopeKJia 0B0r HMHier cB eTa; b) jiM AeM M jypra y th ocrMHM3My HMje JeAMiHCTBeH m cm, 6yAytiM A a ce noHenaA m yABaja (XM n. apx., 143, 13 s s P acn. 6e3 H acjiosa, 151, 32 155 18) Ha, 3anpaBo h0HcyncTaHLi,MjajiHe, ajiM y cBeMy APyroM onpeMHe jiMHOBe JajiAaBaoTa, o x o ;io r m c jie n o r, m C a B a o Ta , caBesHMKa m cjieA6eHMKa cbbtjioctm.1 7 MomAa OBe A^e M M H>eHM i4e HMcy McnopMUJtieHe y HajBetioj Moryhoj MepM. LUto c e TMMe a ), Tp e 6 a 3ana3MTM Aa je y najM3pa3MTMje rHOCTMHMCTMMKMM TeKCTOBMMa M3 H e rmetica ( u jt m b o HOje ce, 6yAytiM npMcyTHO y H xe h o S o c k m o h ^ , c nyHMM npaBOM ajiM m o6a3pMBOUitiy Mome k o p m c t m t m y HaLuoj anajiM3M c{)eHOMeHa) AeM M jypr Kao cynapHMH BpxoBHora Bora O A c y ra H : t o 3HaMM A a je Taj AeM M jypr (nojM je y th . M yuiKor p o A a ) cacTaBHM A e o M3pa3MTo ,,jyAaMCTMMHor mocTMUM 3Ma (hoJm je , y0C Taji0M , Haj3 acTynjbeHMjM y TencTOBMM a M 3 H ar XaMaAMja), ajiM
Aa
npMnaAa
xejieHMCTMMKOM
mocTMHM3My
M3
H e rm e tic a (TaMHMje, AyaJiMCTMMK0-aHTMK0 CMMMHMx AejiOBa T o ra lutm bs, noje MMa m C Boj mohmctmmko-kocmmmkm aoneK T lu to tie ra npBHCTBeHo pa3BMTM h e o n jibtohm 33M) . Ha A P y ro j CTpaHM, tmhmmhm AeMMjypr Tanotie HMje npMcyTaH mjim je Hen0TnyH0 ynjbyMeH y ohmm ocJdmtckmm HOCMoroHMjoKMM c n e yjiauMijaMa o KOjMMa HaM XMnojiMT n p y w a TpM mjim MeTMpM npMMepa, a y KOjMMa H>eroBy y jio ry noHenaA npey3MMa /loroc-3M M ja MMjM je napaKTep tmnMiM'HO am6mibajieTan (cMJia3etiM, o h , nao AeM M jypr, yTM0Kyje y M aTepMjy 6owaHCKe o6jiMHe, a OHAa mx, nao cnacM Tejb, y3AM w e m Bpafia H e 6 y ). T a j ce , AaKJie, aM6MBa^eHTHM na paK Tep /loroca-3M M je KojM BMLue o6/iMKe yTMCKyje y hmwm CBeT a 33tmm mx o cjio 6 a t)a , Meuja c a aM6MBajieHUMjoM M0HM3aM-AyaJ1M33M Kojy cmo Beti paHMje 3ana3MJiM y Be3M ca
[ 40]
npoMeHJbMBoiiJhy n / ie p o M a Tc m u 6ntia Koja c y m c a Ma aM6MBa^eHTHa, Hao Cocjjnja (n0M eHyTki /lo ro c je , npeuM3Huje peneHO, npe/ia3HO 6 n h e , a o h Je Cocfjnja np e nocneflfba eManauvrja n/iepoMaTCHor c B e Ta , M3Bop nafla m cnaceH>a, a Anthropo paflMje mpTBa 0Teji0TB0peH>a-naAa). A k o c e y3My y o63Mp kocmmhhm napaH Tep
y rjiaB H O M
M M fl/IM LJM TaH y XepMeTMHHOj M OC^MTCKOj cneKyjiai4MjM M HOCMOrOHMjCKM MHTepeC CBOjCTBeH M jeAHOj M A p y r o j , noKa3ahe c e p,a je M0HMCTM4K0-flya/iMCTMHKa m xe/ieHM3MOM HaAaxHyTa KOCMoroHMjcna cneKy/ia4Mja ycMepeHa Ha J l o r o c - 3 M M jy -fle M M jy p ra y o 6 p HyToj cpa3MepM y mocTM4M3My ca jyflaMCTMHkom c n e K y / ia 4 MjoM noja MMn/iMUMpa fle M M jy p ra Ja/iAaBaOTOBOT TMna. CneHy/iTMBHa m ,,4>M/io3o4)CKa aM6MBa/ieHTHOCT /loroca-3MMje m H>eroBe npoMeH/bMboctm npoTMBHa je noTpecHMjeM, mmto/iouikom m cTpacTBeHOM HapaKTepy patjaiba oBora CBOTa m HjeroBor fleMMjypra y jyflaMCTMHKoj Bep3MjM, noja koPMCTM HMT3B 6M6/lMjCKM CU,eHapMO, TipeMAa M30Kpe HyT y CH/iaAy ca aHTMKOCMMHKMM M aHTM6M6/lMjCHMM
no3MTMBna, m nojM je 'ynyheH' (npeMfla HenoTnyHo) y nocTOjaH>e He6ecKMX CTBapM, 6yfle moct 3a npejia3aK na jeflHOM pa^MKa/iHMjeM m ancojiyTHo aHTMfleMMjypLUKOM M aHTM6M6jlMjCKOM rHOCTMU,M3My, mjim vice v e r s a , ^ a jim j e O Baj noc/ieAHsM c t 3 b M 3bophm m npM M apaH , a owaj ApyrM caMO 3an/iMTaH>e mjim np'M/iarohaeaHie? noHOBO ce jaB/ba a/iTepHaTMBa, Kao m y c/iyMajy ocfciM TCKe m xepMeTMHKe cneKy/iauMje, noje pa3BMja jy TeopMje o KOCMOcy, H a cyn p o T je flH O M flpacTMHHOM M 'HenOCpeflHO C'KOM rHOCTMU,M3 M y. aHTM KOC MMHKOM M aHTM6 M6 /lMj-
rio Hau/eM ocehaH>y, Te 6m ce a/iTepHaTMBe CMe/ie npeBa3MhM jeAHHO npOUIMpMBaHaeM MCTOpMjCKO-KOMnapaTMBHor MCTpamMBaiba Ha rpnKM cbct. JoHac je HanoMeHyo Aa ce rH0CTMUM3aM Mopa pa3ABojMTM He caMo oa Heon/iaTOHM3Ma (koJm je no/ieMMcao npoTMB aHTMKOCMMHKor Aya/iM3Ma) H ero m OA n/iaT0HM3M3, KOjM He 3Ha 33 /1 M K OBOCBeTCKOr AeMMjypra, nocMaTpaH M 3 jeAHe HeraTMBHe nepcneKTMBe. LUto ce TMHe heohaa-Tohm3ma y o n u jTe , Beh cmo ce M3jacHM/iM 3a M0ryhH0CT npM M epeHor nopeheiba ca rHOCTMUM3MOM. LUto ce TMMe OAcycTBa ACMMjypra
y n/iaTOHM3My, AeM M jypra y nyH oj Mepn yn o p e fln B or ca ohmm raocTMHKMM, Ba/ba npM3HaTM Aa je J o HacoBa npMMeA6a yM e cH a .20 A/im M o ry h H o cT je A H o r n/ioAHor nopeheH>a ocTaje, ano ce 3a Tp e n y Ta H 3a-
Beh je <J)Mrypa Ja / iA a B a o Ta c /io w e H M ja Hero u it o 6m T a p T a p M 3 auM ja fbe ro B o r /iMKa y XMnocTa3M apx o H aTa fla/ia Hac/iyTMTM. 3 aHMM/bMB0 je, yO C Ta/IO M , 3ana3MTM AB03HaHHy y n o T p e 6 y TepMMHa ,,6 o r " y J o b 3 h o b o m a n o K p n 4 >y (A 0 k y X M n o c T a 3 M a p x o H a T a T a j TepMMH p a ^ M je 0 3 H an aB a b p x o b h o B o h o h c t b o n o je , M3 M e h y o c T a / io r, yjiMBa f la x m Ayiuy y n/ia3 M y nojy cy 0 6 /iMK0 Ba/iM apxoHTM ). A/im, n a o lu t o c m o paHMje K a3 a/iM, f le u ia B a ce f la ce y X n n o c T a 3 M m y P a cn pa B M 6e3 H a c jioea A e M M jy p r p e n v i na H e ra T M B H o r J a / ifla B a o Ta m
meH flBO C M M C/ienocTM .
noHenaA n o 3 M TMBHor C a B a o T a .
Be/iMr1 8 je 3 a n a 3 M0 ^a cTaBan nojM ce o a h o c m Ha C aBaO Ta mmhm y P a cn p a B M 6 e 3 Hac/iOBa jacH y M H Te p n o /ia u M jy. Ta flp a r o u e H a onacna Mnan He mcK /b ynyje M 0 r y h H 0 C T p,a je C a B a o T , c a C B ojoM yM H O ro M e n 0 3 MTMBH0 M y/ioroM , n p e flC Ta B /b a o M o m fla m npMMapHy cJ)Mrypy rHOCTMUM3Ma. ripo6/ieM ce oner
jaB/ba y c / ie fle h e M : M o m e /im ce npMXBaTMTM A a jeA a H rH O C TM 14M3 3 M KO}M MCTO T 3 K0 n 0 3 H a je M /1MK 3 e -
HeMapM kocmmmkm acneKT n/iaTOHOBcne cneKy/iauMje (no3MTMBaH acneKT, ynpHoc TeopMjM nepMOAMMHor npeonpeTaHja kocmmmkc poTauMje y flpmaBM, m TeopnijM o p h a s o j avujim y CBeTy, npeMa 3aKOHMMa), m yKo/iMKo ce aHTMK0CMM3aM nocMaTpa noA npoc})M/iom aHTMOOM3tm3ma . Hmko 3anpaB0 He 6m Morao ocnopMTM Aa je OBaj noc/ieAHjM acneHT y n/iaT0HM3My 4)yHAaMeHTajiaH, oa Fl/iaTOHa ao fl/iOTMHa (m cpM/ioHa, KojM Tanohe r0B0pM0 o nojMy xaxia Te/ia): to je, yocTa/ioM, acneKT KojM je 11/iaTOH Hac/ieAno oa opc})M3Ma: cmpt oc/io6aha Ayu/y m H>eHy cnoco6hoct cno3Haje (OeAOH): Te/io je rpo6, m /im tbmHMua y Kojoj je Ayiua 3aTOMeHa, m /im i, bko xoheTe, y MyBeHOM TeKCTy,2 1 ,,cnaceHa : oa Mera cnaceHa, ano He oa He3HaH5a, 3a/ia m onacHOCTM obot MHc|)epMOpHOr HiMBOTa, M CMpTHMX MyTauMja?2 2 Aan/ie, ano yBawaBaMO Aa ce rH0CTMUM3aM morao m caM H0/ie6aTM y cBojoj TeopMjM KOOMoca (/ioroc-3MMja m/ im aHTM6M6/iMjCKM AeMMjypr; HeynyheHM m/ im ynyheHM AeMMjypr), a/iM Aa aHtmc om atm 3aM yBen npeACTaB/ba H.eroB 6MTaH acneKT (npeMAa MecTO 3aCH0B3H Ha jeAHOM BM LUe 4>M/10304)CK0M m ,,xapmohmctmmkom cTaBy, o MeMy cbbaomm KOHU.enuMja o^MTCKor aM6MBa/ieHTHor zioroca), Ba/ba hpmmctmtm A a ApaMaTMMaH m mmto / ioiukm , cTpacTBeH m 3htmKOiM CM M M KM CBeT, HOjM ri/iaTOH y CBOM O/lMMnCKOM cnoKojcTBy c|)M/i0304)a HMje npMXBaTao, Beh jacHO OA3Ban.a y opc|)MMKoj cneKy/iauMjM m npancM, m HajcTapMjer opcj)M3Ma: n0MMC/iMM0 caMo Ha EMneAOK/ia, dalmon nporaaH y OBaj CBeT, a y cTpaHOj onHM
[ 41]
ofl n y " nocjie M yia 4 Mje ofl 30.000 roflHHa; m npnceiMMO ce sphiainosra nora je oh3ko noTpecHo pacnapnaiia Discondiia (H e cjiora) MajKa cbmx pacuiena OBora CBeTa. C a To r CTaHOBHLUTa, mmt o AnoHMcy m TmaHMMa (Ma KaKBa 6n/ia xp0H0Ji0mja to t mhtb m ncTopnja H>eroBMX flyajivfCTMHKnx aHTpono30t})ckm x 3HaMehba) hm HajMaH.e He Mopa Aa 38bham Ha
nMnpecnBaH hm3 n0AyAapH0CTn. McTMHa, mocTMHKM hhhim fle M n jyp r ce Ty jaBJba TeK y 3aM eTKy, npeM Aa h8m c e hmhm fla je H>eroBa 4>yHHHMja Ha HeHM
HaMMH Beti H aro BeujTeH a ^ h k u m J o m K o jy Bpiue D is cordia hoa EMneflOKjia mjim TMTa'HM y MMTy o A m oHncy. (y o c Ta jiO M , TeKCTOBM Kao X nnojiM T, D'tels7 E 115, Mopa/in 6 m c e cMaTpaTM A0Ka30M cnpeMHOCTM, Ha ncTeny aHTMKe, ^ a c e y ,,o p4)H 3M y" mjim y 4jmjio3o4)y M3 A rp n re H T a npeno3Ha jeA H a m ocTM M Ka
M3pawaBa, c OHe cTpaHe cBane noTOhbe cneuM4)MKai^Mje, CBOjCTBO M CpiH rHOCTMHKOr MCKyCTBa, Ha yeMe/by aHTpono3oc{)CKor ocetiaja, 3anpaBo MAeje Aa je HOBeK oho Ma/ieHo cBe y KOMe ce Ha cmm6o/imnaH H3HMH AOBpuiaBa npoMeHJbMBocT m TpareAMja 6omaHCKor. KaA je o OBOMe pen* 3HanajHa je m TMnMHHa mocTMHKa ynoTpe6a TepMMHa ,,CBe , noneB oa HaaceHCKe pacnpaBe na a o XMnocTa3e apxoHaia (OTau CBera)2 5 m JeBaHtje/ba no Tomm. To 6m CBe y Hane/iy pMe/io Aa 6yAe jeAMHo n/iepoMaTcno CBe, n/iepoMa, nyHMHa, Aan/ie CBe y CMMC/Iy McnyH>eHor, 6oraTorf MyuiHor, 6omaHCHor, nHeyMaTCKor, 3a pa3JiMHy oa cynpoTHMx KOHuenaTa: KOHuenTya/iHM HM 3 TMnMHaH 3a JeBaHfjejbe no Tomm, KOjM cy TaKO TeMe/bHo npoyHM/iM Piih m APyrM: HM3 KojM npeACTaB/ba ochobho jeMCTBo (y3 KOH^enT cycpeTa ca 6ojk8hckmm Ja ) mocTMHKor napaKTepa Tor jesaHtje/ba. Ocmm Tora, M3 mocTMHKor CBera He 6m ce CMe/ia
MMTOJiomja).24 y cBaKOM cjiy4ajy, netie 6 mtm HMMajio TeuJKO npMxb 3thtm fla je, Ha H0CM0r0HMjcK0M njiaHy, mocTMUH-
3aM npM3HaBao 6M6jinjcKOM Bory CTBOpMTeJby - o6/inK0TBopuy cneuM4)MHHO MecTo, tm m npe uito naraHcKa MHTO/iorM'ja HMje MMana fla noHyflM HMuiTa c /ih h ho , m p,a cy jeBpejCKor Eora Beti Ao6po no3HaBa/iM m , Mome ce npeTnociaBMTM, o H.eMy CTpacTBeHO
y xe/ieHMCTMHKOM CBeTy. Monte ce m Aa je Ta pacnpaBa m ckopm c THJia xejieHMCTMHKe KOHU,enu,Mje o cyfl6nHii m npoBntieR.y, m ocTBapM/ia OHy cnpery cTBopnTe/b (m /im paflMje fl6MMjypr) - cyft6MiHa, tm hm h h ^ 3a mocTMUMH3H npemocTaBMTM
pacnpaB/ba/iM
3aM.
A jim o h o u jt o HM iHM c m o cpue m o c tm h m s m a , aHTncoMaTM3aM m Aya/iMCTMHKa aHTp0n0304)Mja, He a o nyiuTa Aa c e , y TparaHjy 3a nopeK/iOM m o c tm h m q m a , CBe ycpeAOTOHM Ha A^CTaHi^e Koje je OBaj 3ay3MMao y OAHOcy Ha jyAaM'3aM m HaenoBor Eora.
flp^raHMje peneHO, jacHo je Aa ce y Toj noTpa3M 3a jeAHMM m0CTMUM3M0M ainte liifeteraim He ipe6a no3MBaTM ynpaBo Ha n/iaTOHM3aM Kao TaKaB, Hero paAMje Ha H.eroBy op4)MHKy K0Mn0HeHTy. AaKjie, op4)M3aM (3a HMjy Aec|)MHMUMjy m cMTyauMjy ynytiyjeMO Ha uMTMpaHe H/iaHHe) jecTe Taj KojM MCTOBpeMeHO ocTBapyje oHe cnpere aHTpono3o4)Mja/ H0CM0304)nja m AyaJiM3aM/MOHM3aM Hoje cmo sana3m /im nao TMnMHHe, y BMt]eH>y CBeTa m HOBena, 3a rHOCTMHKy cneKy/iau,Mjy.
CnpMjCKO-emnaTCKM rHOCTMUM3aM
mjim
MpaHCKM
M36pMcaTM cBana MOHMCTMHKa pec{)epeHua: He caMo y ohom CMMC/iy KojM ocyt)yjy U,pKBeHM Oum, moHM3M3 HOjM MMn/lMUMpa KOHCynCTaHUMja/lHOCT nHeyMe y HOBeny ca EomaHCTBOM, nero m y CMMC/iy moHM3Ma M3paweHor y hmh>6hm4m Aa hmwm CBeT, kojimko roA 6mo MaTepMja/iaH, npMBpeMeH m HeraTMBaH, CBoje n0CT0jaH>e, a naAacBe oho ujto MMa y ce6M oa o6jiMHja m HiMBOTa, Mnan Ayryje 6omaHCKOM cBeTy . flpyraHMje peneHo, Taj KOCMoroHMjcKM" mohm3aM HenpecTaHo noAB/iaHM cBoj Aya^MCTMHKM napaKTep, KojMM ce pa3/iMKyje oa CBane rpHKe m m c/im Koja MMn/iMi^Mpa KOHnenT HMCTe m jeAMHCTBeHe mateniae pnimae. OBa je npa3Ha m MpTBa, nom yHa nacMBHOCT (0Ha je, ca OApet)eHe Tanne r/ieAMUJTa, CTpn/beHo He-nocTojaHbe); MpaHHM MHc|)epMopHM CBeT mocTMUM3Ma MMn/iMUMpa, HacynpoT TOMe, jeAHy ,,OTBOpeHy, npMjeMHMBy npa3HMHy, jeAHo cmpoMauiTBo Koje noApa3yMeBa mejby, nonyT me/iyua m /im MaTepML^e KojM wyAe 3a ohmm ujto HMje ctbopeHO Aa 6m 3ayBeK npMnaAa/io n.MMa. HMje c/ivHaj'HO to Aa je CBeT/i0CT, 3aTone'Ha y CBeTy, Koja My Aaje CBe luto y H.eMy vma oa mMBOTa m o6mna, MyuiKM ejieMeHT, KOjM je jeAMHM 6omaHCKM, m KojM ce cnaja ca jeAHOM HMmoM npMpoAOM, CMJia3etiM m jim naAajytiM y H>y (o a AHTponoca M 3 Poimandres-a AO HaaceiHCKor ATMca); HMje c/iyHajHo, yocTa/ioM, hm to uiTO je y MaiHMxejcTBy npoMen/bviiBoct CBeT/iocTM y tom Be/iMKOM HMmeM Te/iy 3aMMiuJbeHa nao B a peHje, BeJiMKM MexaHM3aM 3a Bapeibe" (,,pa3JiyHMBaHje), HMje cy BejiMKe Jiyne caMO nocjieAHje CTaHMU,e. BapeH>e ao nora A0Jia3M AOJiOBahbeM thoctmhKor, ajiM Koje je Beti yKJbyHeHO y Taj BejiMKM MexaHM3aM uito ra hm ihm MaTepMja/iHM kocmoc, KOjM y cBojoj TeMe/bHOj HecBecHocTM HacTOjM Aa ce mcnpa3HM, nao uito je y CBojoj me/bM m cbom M3a30Bhom m arpecMBHOM CMpoMaiuTBy HacTOjac Aa ce mcnyHM luto ynpaBO HMHe m HaeroBM HecBecHM apXOHTM.
ce paHMje M3jacHM/iM o
m/ im
paAMje He-
C aA ce, Aan/ie, nocTaB/ba nMTaHbe Koje je, y T6KCTy ,,Dr iranischie Hiintemgnund den Goosiis", (HpaHCKa noaaAMHa mocMca) Zeiitschrift su r Reliigions und Geistesgeschiichte 1952, s. 97 114, Ha-
[4 2 ]
y npeTxoAHMM paflOBMMa npeAmoHfm) Jo H a c , M3Mef)y rHOCTMHMSMa cnp njcK O -e rm n aTC K or, n p h o c tm i4M3Ma npaHCH or Tn n a , ujBeAOKn HayHHMK noCTaBJta ce6n nviTaH>e: Hojn je 6no H a )c ra pnjM, OftHOCHO V13BOPHM THH rHOCTH4M'3Ma? \ A O A ^yn yje c e 3a npaHCKn: no B nfleH rpeH y, fleM M j y p r . . . npeACTaB/ba jeflHO y6/iamaBaH>e C T p o ro r A ya /iM3Ma ; a/in, 6 y A yfin fla J o n a c m e ^ n A a Aec}3HHHuie TeH 3n jy m no/iapM TeT Kao HyWHM AHHaMM3aM y rn o CTMMKoj K O H uenunjn nocTOjahba , BMAeHrpeH ofl6nja A a npnxBaTii Jo H a c o B y Mflejy p,a je npaHCKM TMn 6no caMO n p n n a ro lje H nao rHOCTHHKn . HlBeACKM HayHHMK cB e y c B M y, O A & n ja ^ a n p n x B a T ii pa je HeKM rHOCTMHKM" Tn n (T n n npaHOKe rH 0 3 e ) M orao nocTojaTM n np e rHO CTnnn3M a, m on cTojaTM n3BaH HberoBnx OKBnpa (y KacHMjeM M a3A ajCTB y).
Aho h 3m je A o n yu jTe H o fla ce npnKJbyHHMO oboj' pacnpaBn, 3ana>KaMO fla y M3pa3y phocthhkm T n n "
nMa flBOCMMCfleHOCTM: TepMHH m o c TH H K n Ba/ba/io 6 m 3aMeHMTM TepMMHOM ,,Ayajimctmhkm". Hnje CBann Aya/iM3aM m ocTM HKn, TanaB je caMO aHTMKOCMMHKM Aya/iM3aM. MpaHCKa AyajiMCTHHKa c{)opMyjia (a n co /iyThm flya n n 3 aM noj'MOBa 'jkm bot m He-M HBOT /gathas/ M KaCHIMje CBeTJlOCT-JKmBOT/TMMHaHCMpT, KO'jiM yocTajioM H 6 n 0MCT0B e h yje TMMHy-CMpT ca MaTepnjajiHMM CBeTOM ) Morjia je flaTM y m ocTM U ii3M y, ohom CMpMjCKO-emnaTCHOM (u jt o no A pa3yM esa yHMTapHM npMHUMn KOjM H33M BaM 0 AeBOJiyU,MjOM 60 m a H C K o r), an coJiyTH y flyajiM C TM H K y, CM M eTpM H H y uieM y ABajy caBeHHM X npMHUMna.
To 6m 6mjio ynpaBO oho ujto ce floroAMjio ca MaHMxejcTBOM; ajiM BaJba ce npMceTMTM Aa je ce Beh BaaMJiMA, 3HaHM jeflaH yHMTejb HojM je 6mo A y 6 0 K0 3aiuao y mocTMU,M3aM M3y3eTHo ,,xapMOHMCTMHKor TMna (npeMfla y ochobm AyajiMCTMHHor, Kao m csaKM pho c t mhM3aM) no3MBao (n o n y T HeHOr hoBor n jiyra p xa ) na pyas\m au aapBapa (MpaHaua), pa 6m A0Ka3a0 CBoj npMHUMn, KapaKTepMCTMHaH 3a H>eroBy MMcao, 0 oopKJiy 3Jia m CBeTa koj'm noHMBa y HieJbM HMtKer HMBoa, TMMHe, p,a ce cnojM ca Bpxobhmm npMHUMnoM, CB6TJioujhy. Taj cnoj HMje 3anpaBO aHajioraH Ma3AajCH0M gum eln, 6yAytiM fla OBaj M3H0 M CM npOy3pOHOBaH KieJbOM m npa3hmhom TMMHe ocTaje yBen cnoj onora luto HarpM3a k i pa3apa wmbot, aok ce 6a3MJiMACKM cnoj npe 0Apetjyje nao MeiuaH>e ohtojioujkmx HMBoa, nHeyMaTCKor m MaTepMjajiHor, cnoj KOjM lukoam npMHHMny ,,!U'niouiique i&uum". BpaTMMo ce BMA&HrpeH0 B0 j apryMeHTanMjM m H>eroBoj npMMeHM KpMTepMjyMa ,,AyajiMCTMHKor nojiapMTe Ta "; BMAeHrpeH m3boam cJieAehM 3aKJbyHaK: uito je AyaJlM3aM AOCJl eAHMjM, TO je M3BOP'HMjM M HMCtm jm ; jep je BetiM no/iapMTeT M3Mehy Bora m CBeTa nojiapMTeT, no JoHacy, napaKTepMCTMHaH 3 a m o cTMUM33M, LUTO je CaCBMM TaHHO . M HaCTaBJba: ,,fAe
ynpaBJba mocTMHKMiM mck^ctbom m BMheH>M CBeTa, ne AonyuiTajy Aa npMXB6TMMO obo TyManeH>e uiBeflCHor HayHHMHa. flo HauieM MMLUJbehby, AeMMjypr He npeACTaBjba cJia6/beH>e mocTMHKor npMHUMna, Hero, HanpoTMB, jkmbm cmm6oji Te oceTjbM Be paBHOTeme (mjim HepaBHOTeme), Te aM6MBajieHUMje, noja je tmnMHHa 3a mocTMHHO BMheibe CBeTa; m He caMO AeMMjypr, Hero mcto Tano, npeM^a y APyraHMjoj paBHiM, m CocJ)Mja (ABOCTpyHa!), J1oroc-3M M ja M CBeTM Ayx mocTM4M3Ma: na hm y MaHMxejCTBy, CBeT (n I cTBapaH>e) HMcy y n0TnyH0CTM 3Jio; hmtm je m o c tmhkm A,eMMjypr, yonujTeHO no cM a Tp a n o , siiimpllioite r caTaHCHM: naK m koa HajM3pa3MTMjer AyajiMCTe m HajoAceHHM jer M e h y CMpMjCKo-emnaTCKMM (mjim 6ap 3anaAHMM ) mocTMUMMa, MapKMOHa, KOjM pa3;iMKyje HMmera 6ora oa haBOJia. MapKMOH, yocTajioM, | Ha peHMT H3HMH, npMAOAaje npMH4Mny HajcTpomMjer nojiapMTeTa M3Mehy aba 6ora jeAHy BeoMa M36ajiaHCMpaHy oueHy npaBeAHor 6ora, HMja je aM6MBajieHUMja (npeMAa ya yBamaBaH>e TeMejbHor aHTMKOCMMHKor npMHL^Mna) ynpaBO noAByneHa H>eroBMM cynpoTCTaBjbaH>eM haBOJiy. BMAeHrpeH KpMTMKyje npMnMCMBaH>e n/iOTMHa mocTM4M3My, 6yAyh'M Aa ri/10 TMH, y CBOjOJ HyB0HOJ 3 HTM TH OCT MHH0 j nO/ieMMHM, CMaTpa mocTMHKM aHTMKOCMM3aM 6oroxy/beH>eM. y CTBapM, aHTMKOCMMHKM AyajiM3aM m HMje 3anpaBO CBojcTBeH rijiOTMHy. na hbm ce npMMeA 6 a hmhm BajbaHOM; Kao u jto cmo Beh m npMMeTMjiM, HeonjiaTOhobcko MicxoAMUJTe pa3JiMKyje c e o a m ocTM HK or no TOMe uiTO cy tmmhb m MaTepMja 3a H>era nocjieAH>a eMaHa^Mja jeAHor AOCTa x o M o re H o r m no3MTMBHor HM33, M jeAMHO HMH>eHMU3 Aa je MaTepMja KpajH>M (m 3aMarjbeH) py6 cbctjioctm onpaBAaBa y Heon/iaTOHM3My M3BeCTaH nO/iapMTeT CBeT/lOCT-TMMHa; TMM6
c e AHctepeHu,Mpa y 0AH 0 c y Ha thoctmhkm 3 htm kocmm33m, 3 6 o r noB/iaujheHor M ecTa noje y Heon/iaToHOBCKoj mmc/im npv\nap,a 3Be 3AaMa (K o je >HMcy A eo HMme M a Te p n je ) m KOCMOcy y o n iu T e . V mocTMUM 3My je , HanpoTMB, pen o p a 3 A o p y m ap^mm y 60 maHCHOM cBeTy: oh o u jto ce y HeonjiaTOHM3My roBopM 3 a KpajhbM m 3aMarjbeHM kocmmhkm py6 hojm mmhm MaTepnja, t o ce y rHOCTMUM3My roBopM 3a oHaj KpajH>M m 3aMarjbeHM py6 6omaHCKM iu to ra hmhm Co4Mja, nocjieA'H>M M etjy eoHMMa, kojm jeAHMM naAOM m jeAHMM pacKMAOM y 3 p o K yje nocTojaH>e MaTepMja/iHor CBeTa, m koj'm, npeM a TOMe, o cTB a p y je
Hajia3MMO TanaB AocjieAHM AyajiM3aM? YnpaBo y MipaHCKOM TMny. . . Koomoc je cTBopeH Tao Kao Aa ra je ctbopmjio 3 j i o . . H a c y n p o T TO M e , Ba/ieHTMHcna mo3a m cMpMjcKO-emnaTCKa mo3a yonuiTe, 6mjie 6m caMo jeAHa njiaTOHOBCKa MHTepnpeTau,Mja mocTMUM3Ma, MHTepnpeTauMja noja 6m MMajia 3a uMJb
Aa npeM OCTM p yan m au .
fl/lOTMHOBa CpOAHOCT Ca rH0CTMU,M3M0M OCMM y iM3BeOHOj Aya/lM iCTiM HHiO ,,CrTM pMTyaJ1MCTMHKOj aTMoccfjepM yo6M HajeHoj 3a HMTaiBO H>eroBO A o 6a
[43]
TeMe/bn ce, Aanjie, Ha n/iOTMHOBOM n/iaT0HM3My n floceme, nocpe,ncTBOM FLnaTOHa, ao caMor M3Bopa CBaHor aHTMCOM3TH 3 Ma m rpHHor Aya/incTMMKor cnnpnTya/iw3Ma, a to je op4>M3aM (ca CBojnM 06/1 mkom nMTaropejcTBOM). Bajba ce noAceTHTM p,a ri/iOTMH, KpMTMKyjytiM rHOCTMKe, npnroBapa obhmb ^ a xy/ie
H a 3Be3Ae, am n aa ncTM4y jbyflCKe CTpacTM, luto ce Mopa TyMaMMTM y cfinony bMTa/imctmmkor (n ,,c/io6 ofloyMHor) acneHTa rHocTnnnaMa, o 0M e omo
paHMje Beti rOBOpn/in.
ripeBeo ca 4>paHuycK0r
MnnojHO KHemeBMfi
3ana3MTM Aa LLJeHKe OApet)yje ochobho CB0jCTB0 mo3e (mocTMHM3Ma) y aHTHKOCMMMKOM CTaBy: no HauieM MMUjjbeH>y, Taj ce ctbb He Mome onMcaTM hm canieTM 6e3 m3pmmmtot no3MBaH>a Ha AOKTpMHy o M3ry6jbeHoj 6omaHCKoj nHeyMM: a ynpaBO 03a nocjieAH>a MAeja oApet)yje mo3y (,cno3HaH>e'J CBojCTBeHy mocTMUM3My, m An4>epeHHMpa je y OAHOcy Ha Apyra 3HaMeHja TepMMHa yvaiis : ine caMO ona ycTaHOB/beHa, y 6M6/iMjcKoj /iMTepaTypM m naTpMctmum, Kpo3 noJieMMKy KaTKaAa m npoTMB m o cTn UM3M8 (.npaBa mo3a), nero m APyra noja BMuie He MMnjiMUnpajy hm M3ry6/betHy nHeyMy ih im aHTMKOCMM38M.
3 XMino/iMT, V, 7 ss. o HaaceHMMa, nepaTMMa, ceTM jHM M a, M 6a3M /lM ACK0j p a c n p a B M 0 T p M C p O A C T B a ";
1 14.
HanoMeHe
1 Jyfleo-xpniijtiaHCTBo m m o3a, y AcneK TM jy fle o -
xpmiiliaHCTBa, napM3, 19 6 5 , CTp. 14 6 . n. flaHne/iy, TaHotje Bajiopn3yje nao Moryhn c/iyMaj HacTaHHa m., jeBpejCHii nopa3 70.
* Orpat)yjeMO c e o a TepMMHO/iorMje X . M . LLJeHKea, Die Gnosis y : U m w e lt des Unchniistentums, Bd. I, EepjiMH, 1956, c Tp . 375: ,,yocTa/iO M , He peTKO ce y MCTpawnBaHjy y M e c To .Gnoslis m/im no pefl .Gniosis KopncTM n nojaM .Gnostizllsimus. ripn to m c e , M et)ytmm, noA rHocTM4M3MOM noflpa3yM eBa xpMuihaHCKa, 3a pa3/iMKy o a np axpnuitiaH C K e, naraHCKe m o c n c . llojaM mocTMUM3aM je y CBanoM c/iyMajy noTueHMB3M HM 1 4 y OCHOBM je Ha /lMHMjM aHTHjepeTMMKe Te p MMHOjiomje. Paflo npM3HajeMO p,a TepMMH th octm HM33M, CBOjMM Cy4)MKCOM, nOAB/13MM CMCTeMaTCKM, TeojioLUKM acneKT, m eBOUMpa no/ieMMKy Koja je , BeKOBMMa, M/ia ycpe,0,cpetjeHa wa ,,xpMUjtiaHCHy TH03y y Xepe3M0/10UJK0M OKBMpy (-M3MM y Xepe3M0/lOTHjn). A/lM y OHOj MepM y Kojoj MCTOpMjCKO-pe/lMrnjCKo ncTpawMBaH.e, ca C B or noM napaTM BHor c t3 h o BMUJTa noje je uiMpe o p, 0 H 0 r xepe3M0/i0UJK0r, n o A BOflH nOA MCTM pe/lMmjCHM M AOKTpMHapHM (M eT3MCTeHunja/iHM) TMn, KaKO HexpMuitiaHiCKe n o n p e T e , Ta ko m OHe KojM c y ce ManMctiecTOBa/iM y 0 A H 0 c y Ha xpmutiaHCTBO (TMMe c e OAnnKyJe n LlieHKe y n . K>eroB nonnc thoctmmkmx E rs c h e in u n g e n ilbi'd., CTp. 374), KOPMCHO je 03H3MMTM Cy4)MHCOM CM CTeMaTckm" (joui 6o/be: MAeo/ioujKM) CBe Te Erscheiirvungen, pa3/iyMyjyhM mx He caMO o a n p a B e m o 3 e KOjy cy npaBOBepHn ycTaHOBM/iM y no/ieMMUM ca th octm UMMa (jep LLJeHKe 6m c nyHHM npaBOM M orao pa yKame Ha ceKyHAapHM ceMaHTMMKO-MCTopMjcKM napaKTep npaBOBepHe y n o T p e 6 e TepMMHa ,m o 3 a ), Hero m oa y vto a i 5 nojoj c y to/imkm ApeBHM ayTopM npn6eraBa/iM Man m M3BaH oH ora lu to je mmcto m o c TM H K0 (y CMMC/iy rHOCTMMHHX CeHTM M HjMM3 C/1M M H M X KOHuenunja). CBeoHM cmo A a je y KpajHoj /im ihm Jm pen o nMTaH>y TepMMHO/ioujHe HOHBeHHMje; ajiM noA-
4 OsaK'Bo KopMuiheH>e mmtob3 o A A 0 HM0 y, EhammmoHy, ATM cy (XMn. Ref. V , 7 11 15) HMje MMCTa m npocTa M3MMLUJbOTMHa m ocTMMKor ayTo p a , Hero ce, HanpoTMB, yom uTeHo HaA0Be3yje Ha KOCMO3O(j3Mj0K0 (hm Aya/iMCTMMKo hm aHTMKOCMMMKO, AaK/ie He-m octmmko) KopMuihenbe MMTa koa Jy/iMjaHa H M nep aTop a, 0 MajmM 6orooa" (161, C e 170 C 171 D, yn. Leiiisegamg, Lia G nose, c rp . 87 s.) a noce6HO na MMCTepM0304>CK0 KOpMUlheibe MCTepMjCHMX Ky/ITOBa (3a uiTa cy TvrnMMHe opcjjMMKe cneKy/iau,Mje Be3aHe 3a KopMHy kathodos). 5 A . Be/iMr m n . /Ia6M6, Die koptisch-gnostische S ch rift ohne Tite l, Bep/iMH, 1962.
6 y B63M ca 3H3MeHjeM oBor TepMMHa, B. JOHaCOB npM/ior y OBOj MCTOj csecuM. Haj6/iMWM My je 4>paHUycKM
luto
TepMMH
AerpaAanMja , y
OHTo/iouiKO-Tono-
mOCTMUM3Ma.
7 ,,npeTXOAHM rp e x cynpoTCTaBJba ce xpMuihaHCKOM mctomhom rp e xy nao rpex jeAHor 6owaHCKor 6mha, rpex KOjM BacnocTaBjba nocTojaibe oBora CBeTa m MOBena. (y n . U . Bianchit, Peche loriginel e t peche an tcd e n t, y Rev. de I hliisnt. des neiliglionsi, 1966).
8 y
OHaj MH4>epnopHM
Co^Jnje.
0 Mcto t3ko ce meHCKM Aeo JajiAasaoTa OBAe Ha3MBa Pronoia Saimbathas. OHa ce, AaKJie, Beh cbojMM MMeHOM Be3yje 3a ,,nHeyMaTCKo". Apxohtm M3 OBe pacnpaBe cy, no CBojMM 6owaHCKMM cpoahocTMiMa, MyuiKO-meHCKM, npeMa Tn n y BecMpTHMX. l-bMX0Be weHCKe cynp0TH0CTM KojMX je uiecT, kojimho m apxoHaTa, MMHe na npMjiMMHo MyA3H hbmmh ,4>yHKUMOHaJiHy uieMy KOja ce Moine caweTM y jeAHy TpMnapTMTHy uieMy AOCTa cjiMMHy OHOj nojy je TOtnMKO nyTa npoyMaBao flMMesMji: oho ce, HaMMe, 3 0 By rocnoACTBo" m BomaHCTBo , KpajbeBc tb o " m OABamHOCT", BoraTCTBo" m ,,Co4)Mja . 3 a pa3MaTpaH>e yjiore 0B0r nocjieAHber eHTMTeTa y JeAHoj cjiMMHoj uieMM, y3 oc/iaibaH>e Ha IlJiaTOHOBe TeopMje o yji03M MSBecHe npaKTMMHe MyAPOCTM y 4yHKHM0HajiH0j TpojHOj noAejiM MAea/iHor A P V U J , ynop. Haui M/iaHaK koJm he ce nojaBMTM y jy6M/iaphoJ csecuM K. R. Oniental Camia linsitiitute, BoM6aj.
BjiaM M M o ncTopMjcKo-HOMna paTMBHa nMTaHa HOja ce y to Mory yMeuiaTM m noja M o w A a on paB A aB a jy np o LunpnBaibe ynoTpe6e TepMMHa ,rH0CTMUM3aM Man m H a npe-xpMuitiaHCKe m jim s'iimplicifter eaH-xpMUitiaHCKe CTpyje Koje npMaHbajy y3 A ya Ji mctmMKy n aHTHKOCMMMKy AOKTpMHy o rpeuiH oj tiHeyMM. 3aHMM/bMBO je
[ 44]
CaMO ce no ce6n pa3yMe fla ce cj)yHKUMOHajiHa CBeyHyriHOCT eBOUMpaHa y tm m apxoHTCKMM 6nfinMa M3 Pacnpaee 6e3 HacnoBa o a h o c m caMO Ha hmwm CBeT, CBeT AeMMjypra. Ta HHcjjepMopHa CocjiMja, noja je cynp0TH0CT nocjieAH>eM apxoHTy, nnan 3aflp>KaBa ,Mehauj-HM'' m nepMcfrepHM KapaKTep KOjM 6omaHCKa Cotjonja MMa y njiepoMM. 10 Han m MaHMxejM3aM, ko J'M oA6anyje CBaiKy BiMTajiMCTMHKy KyjiTHy npaKcy, flaje oflJiyHyjytie MecTO MyTa^MjaMa CBeTJiocHor ejieMeHTa-BMTa/inor e/ieMeHTa-cnepMe y CBOjoj MMTO/iorMjM nocTan>a m iM36aB-
n e n p o T M B p e n H O M , O A H O c y Ha Je A H O npMBMAHO T e jio ,
CM M a) ajiM j e O A 6 a u M B a o po h eH >e M c y c 0 B 0 . y Be3M M a p K M 0 H 0 B 0 r rHOCTM UM 3M a b. H aiu HJiaHan M a p n M o h : 6m6jimJckm TeoJior mjim rHocTMHKM yM M Tejb? y Vig ilia e Chrthsrtiiaintae.
1 6 M ctom hm rp e x m npeTxoAHM rp e x , y Rev. de lhiist. des religiioims, t. 170 ( 1966). 1 7 Mjim, na y A n . J o b ., na npaBeAHor (Eloai) m HenpaBeAHor" (Jiavai) (mjim v ice v e rs a ). fleMMjypr yBeK ocTaje Be3aH (nan m KaA je ,,npeo 6 paheH mjim ,ynyheH no nMTan>y OrAoaAe, Hao CaaaoT y XM nocT. apx . 143, 15 m 33 , m P acn. 6e3 nacjioBa 154 , 7 ) 3a MHcfcpa-njiepoMaTCKM hmbo (ynop. m AeMMjypra-cMHa M3 6a3MJiMACKe p a cn p a B e koa XM nojiM Ta). Jcamhm M3y3eTaK je Ejioxmm M3 rHOCTMHKe KH>Mre E a p y x o B e ; ynop. Han. 18.
jbeH>a.
1 1 HaaceHM cy, CBojMM HopMLuh&h>em mmto'B3 o Be/lMKOj MajUM, ATMCy, Act)pOflMTM M AflOHMCy, y mmCTepMO3o4)CK0j M rHOCTMMKOj cf)yHK14MjM, AOTaHJlM jeAHy CTBapHy T3HKy Te pejiMrMijcKe peBonymMije. H>mxobo yMOBaH>e npenyHo HaTypMCTMHKe MMTOjiorMje, o npoMeH/bMBocTM MyuiKor e^eMeHTa KojM Ha 3eMji>m AerpaflMpa, npM6jiMwaBa ce no TOMe eHKpatmtckmm cneKynauMjaMa M3 JeBaHtjen>a no Tomm Be3aHMM 3a monachios , m nocjieflH>eM Aom oHy Tor JeBaHliejba. 12 lileH K e npMroBapa, a npoTMB M3jeflHaMaBaH>a nep-
cneKTMBa MMCTepMja m rHOCTMi4M3Ma, ^a y MMCTepMjaMa ynyheHM npM CTyna jeflHOM wMBOTy KOjM hm-
je noceaoBao, a o k ce thoctm k Bpaha cbom mctmhckom 6owaHCKOM Ja. Hao oAroBop Ha OBanaB CTaB, y n o p . y oboJ CBecu,M npMJior fo n Ivianke. Mm, ca CBoje C TpaH e, AOflajeMO fla je 6ow aHCKa s y n g e neiia A yiu e , TeM a 3HaHa MMCTepMjCKMM nepcneK TM BaMa: y n . HyBeHe peMM noje Ayuua y n y h y je o h o CTpaHMM 6oroBMMa y n/ionaMa (6mjio opc{)mmkmm, Kao u ito mm mmcjimmo, 6mjio ejieycm hckmm) Be/iMiKe-rp H K e : M ja caM B am er 6jia>KeHora poA a , ajiM najia caM n o A yAapi^MMa M onpe m APyrM x 6 o ro B a (T j. noA TonaK pat)aH>a m c m p tm ): HepH, O rp h ic. fra g m . 32 c. d mta. Ocmm Tora, caMe MMCTepMje He no K a3yjy ohojimko 3aHMM3H>e kojimko ynpaB O HMXOBa ,,CnMpMTyaJlMCTMMKa" M AyaJlMCTMHKO-aHTpOnOAyLue, Koja
1 8 Bajba 3ana3MTM Aa Ejioxmm M3 rHOCTMHKe KH>nre Bapyxose TpaHcueHAMpa AeMMjypra yo6MnajeHor 3 a mocTMHKe pacnpaBe, 6yAyhM Aa hmhm APyrM ejieMeHT jeAHe TpojHe cj>opMyjie (o ja noMajio noAceha m Ha cneKyjiaTMBHe ocjjMTCKe pacnpaee) m Aa K0HaHH0 6MBa npMXBaheH y bmuim hmbo ,,A o 6 pa . 1-beroBa je chyHKUMja Ha neKM HaHMH aHajioma cJdvhkUMjM npejia3Hor /loroca M3 tmx mctmx cneKyjiai4Mja: oh CTBapa" hmjhm CBeT, yTMCKyjyhM y H>era Ayx-mMB0T- 06jiMK, 38TMM ce MCKynjbyje m ynyh yje Ka bmCMHaMa, KpnehM Ha HeKM HaMMH n y r CBeMy ujto je H>er0 B0 a uito je ocTajio y 3eMJbM-MaTepMjM EAeHy.
1 9 Dlle kopt.
30t|)CHa TyMa4eH>a, 3a Ty np0MeHJbMB0CT 6omaHCKe je najia y OBaj CBeT: a 6aiu Ha OBy k oh uenuMjy Bajba H3A0Be3aTM aHajiorHy KOHuenuMjy
rHOCTMU,M3Ma.
13 Ajim ynop. Beh cyLUTMHCKe HaTypMCTMMKe cnoHe CMMOHMjcTBa (N u m en, X II, 3, orp. 171). Fhoctmmko ,,cjio6oAoyMJbe" o6jaLUH>aBa ce, 3aBMCHo oa cjiyMaja, 6mjio npancoM t,ocjio6oTieH>a" CBeTJiocTM-cnepMe, Koja Mopa a& 6yAe BpaheHa Bap6ejiM Tj. 6ohohckom c s e Ty koJm Je h>6h msbop 6mjio npancom Koja, HacynpoT TOMe, TemM Aa AeMMjypry Aa luto je H>eroBo (cTpacTM ), mjim nan Aa ce cynpoTCTaBM H>erOBMM 3aKOHMMa.
20 Tpe6a y3eTM y o63Mp m theoi, mjim HMwe AeMMjypre, M3 TMMeja (42 D -E ), nojM o6jiMKyjy Ayuie HMwer pe^a (mjim HMwe hmboo Ayiue) m jbyACHo Tejio; a/iM ohm to MMHe no ynyTCTBy BejiMKor AeMMjypra, koJm He Mome Aa npey3Me OAroBopHocT 3a HMUJTaBHOcT MaTepMje. HcTa MAeja Hana3M ce m y dDMjioHOBoJ aHTponojiomjM. TMMej m Omjioh, AaKjie, AOnyuiTajy jeAaH aHTponojioujKM Aya^M3aM KOjM, MehyTMiM, He HMHM TeOJlOUlK'M AyaJlM3aM rHOCT'ML^M3M3, M3K0 je rijiaTOHOBa AOKTpMHa O y3BMUieH0j AyHJM cyuiTMHCKM noBe3aHa ca opc|dmhkom aHMMOJiorMjoM, na AaKJie m ca aHTpono3o4)CKOM MAejoM KaKBa he 6mtm MAeja moctmhm 3 ma. 2 1 C ra til. 400 C .
2 2 He Tpe 6 a 3a 6 opaBMTM orpaHMMaBajyhy Moh chdra
m ainainke y njiaTOHOBCKOj AyaJiMCTMHKoj ohtojiotmJm (m aHTponojiomjM). 23 HcTopMja pejiMmja m npo6jieM nopenjia th o c tm u,M3Ma , X II, 3 (1965) cTp. 164 ss., m 6M6jiMorpacj)Mja K O jy y H>eMy HaBOAM MO.
24 Bajba 3ana3MTM Aa, M3BaH opc})M3Ma, ajiM Beh Ay-
1 4 3HanajHO je Aa je OBa Bep3Mja m m tb o XejieHM HaBeAena y MpenejeBoj 6ejieuju,M o cMMOH>aHMMa, m A a je Ta XejieHa noMCTOBehMBana, o a CTpaHe cjieA6eHMKa OBe ceKTe, ca cm m ohm Jc k o m XejieHOM.
1 5 T o o6jauiH>aBa 3auiT0 MapnMOH Kora he, 36or Tora, 6e3 0KJieBaH>a CBpcTaBaTM Mehy rHOCTMKe HMje 0A6anM0 cTBapHOCT CTpaAaH>a (npeMAa y , m a -
6oho y onpMJby jeAHe AeMMjypuiKo-AyajiMCTMHKe mmTOJiorMje, ripoMeTej MMa cBe 03 HaKe AeMMjypra-cynapHiMKa: ynop Haui hji. Prom etheus, der tiitaimilsiche Tricksteir, y Paiideuma VM, 8 ( 1961), CTp. 414 437, m Peche origiinel et peche antecedent, y Rev. d'hist. des reiig., 170 , CTp. 121 . riopeheH>e noKa3yje Aa
[ 45 ]
F m 3a
XajHpHX llljlHp
je pen o jeflHOM jeflHHOM m n y , rHocTMMKOM AeMMjypry, hojm (y Xnn. apx.) hmhm AflaMa m EBy pia;tixoi, to jecT ,,6aLia mx y onoBe 0B0r MHcfrepMopHor WMBOTa , n KOjn hoa ri/iaTOHa, llp oTar. 320 C , ^aje jrsfn TOV Piov oo<pia , aoh 3eBC, nocpeflCTBOM X e p Meca, flaje AyflHMa Bmua C B o jdB a. Y n o p . TaKotie ripoMeTeja nojn noflHocM 3icotxai p.pi)ivai x a i etpfjiaepivai, v\m ra, nan, y o6jiMHOBaH>y /byACHora Te/ia 3aMeH>yje O ura, aok A yx Aaje Jy n m e p , reap. KOfl Schol. Hes. Th eog . 522 m H yg in . 220 (OBaj TeKCT npeHOcii m Jacne p c y jeAHOM cbom nyBeHOM paAy); Kao rHOCTHHKM AeMMjypr, ripoM eiej He y cneBa fla yflaxHe h w b o t m/im Aym y y MOBena (m vi weHy) Kora je ynpaBo o6/mnoBao: t o mmhm 3 e B coBa ATeHa (TeKCTOBM cy ^aTM y n0MeHyT0M HJiaHny H3 Paideum a). HcTMHa, npoMeTejcKM unHflyc mje hm mocTHHKM hh npoTO-rHOCTMMKvi, ajiv\ o6yxBaTa TeMe KOje ce yMHoroMe npn6jinwaBajy Toj ccjjepn, waK n y t3ko b3whom nnTaH>y naKBo je ,,npeTXOAHM rpex jeflHor 6o>naHCKor 6nha, rpex Ha KOMe ce 1 . O A p e t)e H > e n ctu io n
TeMe/bn /byflCKo nocTojahbe. yonujTeHMje y3eB, noujto OBa TeMa o6yxBaTa MAeHTMc}3HKauMjy Aym a-m nbot, a m JeflHO n flpyro ce Mopajy npnAOflaTM Hen0TnyHOM Ae/iy AeMMjypra yrypcy3a Kojn o6/iHKyje jbyACKO Te/io n orpaHHHeHO y nepcneKTHBaMa m npnnpocTO y HAea/iHMa, o6oje ce cycp e h y y Aya/lM CTM HKOj MMTOJIOrnjkl M3B8H OKBMpa rHOCTMUM3Ma 1 1 MHoro npe H>era, nao ujto cmo Beh m 3ana3n/in, Numen, X II, 3, CTp. 168. 2 5 y Xnn. apx. 136, 10, (s.. O Ta u C B e ra " MMa BpX0BHH HaA30p H npOMHCaOHy Ae/lOTBOpHOCT H3A ohmm uiTO ce AeuiaBa y AOH>eM CBeTy, y cnenn(jjMHHOj 4jyHHHMjn nHeyMe Koja, nOTHHH>eHa ja/iOBOM caMonoy3AaH>y apxoHaTa, yBnha Aa ce h>hxobom He0npe3H0Luhy m 6e3yM/beM OTBapa npoMMcaoHM nyT H>eHor M36aB/beH>a.
a) O h o u jto y o cho b h 3ajeflHO noKpetie H/iaHOBe cbmx m ocTH H KH x HpyroBa m Luno/ia, <})0pMy/iMcaH0 je y jeflHoj peneHm^M nojy XnnoflM T, nao peneHmJi.v T3B. naaceHa o a hoch o ,,m ocTM H apa y ym eM cM ncjiy, ABa nyTa HaBOAM y cbom c n n c y R e fu ta tio : flo neTan ncnyH>eHia je c T e m o 3 a HOBena, m o 3 a 6 ora , nan, je c Te FberoB Kpaj ( V 7 ,38; V 8 ,2 4 ) . K o a m ocTM Hapa ce p a ^n o ,,McnyH3eHiy (te le io s is ). O h o ce 3aAo6nja noM otiy m o 3 e . T o ce n p o c To Bpmn m 030M HOBena Kojn ce TMMe y n m a y m o 3 y 6ora Kojn je HOBen. flp ^ rn M peHMMa: O h o p,o nera je CTa/io mo3M je c Te caM0ca3HaH>e HOBena Kao caMoca3HaH>e 6ora noje boam cn ace H iy. O b o ce , HapaBHo, MOwe (j)opMy/iMcaTM m apYhhmje . Kao lu to ce Mome pa3/iMHMTO c|x)pMy/iMcaTM n npeMa MHAMBMAya/iHOM caMOpa3yM eBaH>y m o c Tim a p a w H^eroBe iiiKOJie. TaK o, Ha npnM ep, a y To p ,,n o n M aH A p a (C o r p u s H e rm e tric u m , I, 3 ) Kam e: ,,X o fiy Aa HaynnM LUTa je B o r m Aa cxb3tmm H3eroBy n p n p o A y n Aa ra cno3HaM (k a i gn o n a i to u th e o n ). V\nv\ 3ax TeB a: . . . AyxoBHM HOBen (h o e u n o u s anth ro p o s ) cno3H aje c e 6 e Kao 6ecM pTH or, Kao Ep o ca , Kojn je y3pon c m p th , m cBera lu to je c T e ( i b . I 1 8 ). Y noTnyH O ApyraH njnM m o CTMHKMM TeKCTOBMMa, H np . MaHAejCKHM, Kaw e c e , Ha npnM ep, 0 BaK 0 : ,,To je r/iac M yH Aa A 'X a n je , nojn nao c y A n ja AO/ia3M y CBeT . . . C n a c O H O M e nojn caM or ce 6e pa3yMe. MoBen Kojn caM c e 6 e pa3yM e HeMa hmLUTa c e 6n paBHO y C BeTy . . . C B ano Tano na3H Ha caM or c e 6 e . C n a c 0H0Me nojn c e 6e caM or 3Ha (J o h a n n e s b u c h , ed. M . L id zb a rski 169 f f ) . O A a M e ce t 3 k b o caMoca3HaHje A o 6 n ja bham ce Hnp. M3 rwH3a (L id zb a rs k i, 3 7 9 ) : ,,K aw eM tm m noja iu H ja Ba M , cBaKOMe ko je y CBOjoj yHyTpaLUH>ocTM m c thh m t m BepaH: Tm h hch 6mo OAaBAe, m tboj' KopeH hmje 6ho o a CBeTa. K ytia y nojoj wmbmlu, T y nyfiy Hnje w h b o t M3rpaAno . . . Tm, n om Tyj n xBa/in MecTO ca Kora cm AOLuao. A/im oho llito HOBeK Kojn AO/ia3M ce 6n n CBojoj B/iact m t o c t m Mome Aa ca3Ha y caMoca3HaBaH>y HajjacHMje je n3r0B0peH 0 y jeAHoj peneH iili,w Henor n cTo n H o r Ba/ieHTMHi^a: ,,H n je caMO KynaHje oho lu to Hac oc/io6at)a, Hero TaHofie n m o 3 a [ o TO M e ] ko cmo 6m/im, u/Ta cmo no-
[ 46]
CTa/in, r ^ e cm o dm vi, nyp,a c m o 6aHeHM, ny A a m y p n M O , o p, Mera cm o ocjio6 of)e H M , m r a [ j e ] potjehbe, m T a riOHOBHO patiahbe" (Klem e n s v o n A l e x a n d r i a , Excerpt. ex Theod. 7 8 ). O c / io 6 a t )a jy tia m o 3 a o 6 p a t ia nahHDy Ha M 3B 0P , C a fla L U H iO C T OAHOCHO O nCTaHaK M 4 M/b MOBKa. O Ha, M o p a c e jom j a c H n j e p e lin, o 6 patia
Koje
A o n y u iT a jy
npejia3aK
cymTMHy, cKyna c a
TaKBy
Panarion
nawH>y Ha H O B e K a
K O jn
je
M3
ynpaBO Ha
M U,HJb K o j n
h berO BOM
M H TeH U ,njO M .
A e jc T B O M O B or p a c n p o c T n p a f e a TaK Ba rH03a
ce n p n 6 j i n w a B a c b h m
hboj A O C T y n H H M
ejie-
M e H T M M a p e j i M r n j c K n x T p a A i / iu n j a KojM ce o a -
Hoce Ha M a K p O K O C M O C M M M K p O K O C M O C C B e T a m H O B e K a . K o j i m k o T aKBM e j i e M e H T M M o r y A a 6 y j a j y , t o j i m k o c y ohm H e n a K O c a M O C T a j i HM. T H 0 3 a M hbeHM ,, C M C T e M M " HMCy HM KaKBe K 0 C M 0 Ji0 L U K e , coTepM O /ioujKe mjim a H T p o n o jio u jK e c n e K y jia q ,M je p a ^ M h>iax c 3 m m x , Hero
y He3aBMCHMM
thoctm hkm m
pacnpaBaM a.
2.
TH 0 3 a
M MMT
mo3e, O A Jiy H y jy tie CTanbe CT B a p M : c a M o c a s Hahbe K a o noA ce tia hbe , mjim 6ojbe: c a M o n o A cetia^be J b y A C K e c y L U T M H e K o j a je H e n p e c T a h o na n y T y c n a c e ^ a Ka ce6M c a M o j K a o 5ory, O A p e t i y j e m c|3opMy rHo cTM HKor MMTa.
MJIM O p M je H Ta JlH M M
MMTOBMM3
?Ke
op M3Bopa a o M3Bopa,
pa
je 0 T B 0 p e H 0 cn a ce h b y. r i p e T X 0 A H a 4DopMyjia-
r A e c m o 6mjim, K y A a cm o 6aHeHM, K y A a m y p M -
[4 7 ]
mo, oa nera cmo ocjio6of}eHM . . (Excerpt. ex Theod. 73), Hnje TpaHcnoHOBaHae thoctm hKor MMTa y er3MCTeHi4Mja/iMje, Hero je ^ H a t{DyHflaMeHTa^Ha cxeM a hberoBe caMoeHcn/m nauiMje. A n n nan ce m obo c a ^ a oSjeKTMBMpa y n c e y flO M M T , HMjM je jeflMHM CMMcao c^mkcmpan>e npeflM eTHocTM m ocTM HKor flo ra lia ja c n a c a . O h Mopa O H fla caAP>+<aBaTM c jie f le f ie MOMeHTe m npojeKTOBaTM mx y mmtckm A o ra fiaj: 6 ecKpajHy yAajbeHOCT M3Bopa m B/iacTMtoctm, npom aH O C T y oho ,,M cnoA m Heca/iomhbo orpaHMHaBahbe y Tyf]OCT 6M fia , cTa/iHy
naKO n p M K p M B e H y M ofi o c B e m a B a h b a n y T e M
casHaita, MCKopaHMBahbe, M a c m n o 3 MB c oHe CTpaHe KojM 6 yfl,M m 6 e c B e c H o r B O fln c B e c hom, y/ia3aK m n p e o 6 pam eHo iiohobho pof)ei-be, mta. T y cnaA a m MOMeHaT npeTaiba, Koje nao naflaHae, neHDaHbe, 6 aneHOCT, y3HOLueHje, y3/ia3aK , f lo c e 3 a h b e m y3BMiuaBahbe B/iaAa mmtom m ApaMciTM3yje ra. Y n p a B o c e y TaKBoj npojeK^MjM ca3HaBahba y MMTCKy APaM y om efla florafjaj rH03e m TMMe u,e/iOKynHM nonpeT rH03e y Haj 6 MTHMjeM Kao Aoratjaj Tpancii,eHflMpaHa. Hao Hap 0 HMT0 3HanajaH npMMep 3a tb k b o caM0M3/iaraii>e m ocTMHKor casHaBahba m H>eroBor aorafjaja cn aca M ow e ce HaBecTM ny-
6 m/io Kao HeKM noc/iaHMK. O h o je /ieTe/io ,,y o 6/iMKy op/ia na Kpa/beBOM CMHy ,,m 6 mjio ue/io roBop . . . O a H>eroBor M a c a n p o 6 yAMO caM ce M3 nMjaHCTBa . . . CacBMM Kano je CTaja/io y mom cpu,y HanMcaHO, 6 M/ie c y peHM y MOMe nMCMy a a r iM c a H e . Y mcto BpeMe mmc/imo caM, Aa Kpa/beB caM cmh m c/io6 oaho nopen/io CBoje no FberoBoj bpctm npMwe/bKMBao. Mmc/imm Ha 6 Mcep . . . , u jn e n a M 6 mcep m OKpefieM ce Aa ce ou,y cBOMe BpaTMM. Ilp/baBo m HeHMCTO OAe/io ckmabm m OCTaB/baM ra y H>er0 B0j 3eM/bM m ynpaB/baM cBoj x o a KaKO 6 mx A O Lu a o a o CBeT/iocTM Hamer 3aBMHaja, a o McTOKa . riMCMo ra tbmo m oaboam. H e 6 ecKa OAopa m He 6 ecKM eriMTpaxMJb Lua/by My poAMTe/be y c y c p e T . ,,hbMXOB cjaj caM 3a60paBM0 . . . n o u jT o caM caAa cna3MO p yxo , M3HeHaAa mm ce yHMHM/io Aa je noCTa/io c/iMKa y or/ieAa/iy MeHe caMora: bmAe o caM ra cacBMM y MeHM caMOM m c e 6 e y mcto BpeMe cacBMM y HjeMy, tb k o Aa cmo 6 m/im ABoje y M3AB0jeH0CTM a oneT jeftHO y mctom o 6/iMKy . . . BMAeo caM Aa/be TaHHO M3HaA H>era nano je ceBHyo nonpeT m o 3 e . . . rip o Te ra o caM ce, y3eo caM ra m ypecMo ce zienoTOM H>eroBMx 6 oja. 1 / 1 Kpa/beBCKM enMTpaxM/b ctbopmo ce n 0Tn y H 0 M3HaA MeHe . . . Ta n o OAeBeH y 3AMrox ce . . . m mo/imx ce cjaj y OneBOM . . . TH03a ce y obom Aoraf]ajy eKcn/iMu,Mpa y MHOTO 6 ajKOBMTMX M a/ieropMHKMX MMTOBa kojm cbm nona3yjy MCTy 0CH0 BHy cxeMy, npM neMy ce nao 0A/iyHyjyfia pa3/iMKa M3ABaja caMO to Aa je npoTOTMncKM HOCM/iau, nonpeTa nAa jeA a H n y T (CaTopHM/i, JycTMHOBa KHiMra BapyxoBa, HaaceHM, nepaTM, a/iM TaKofie m TloMMaHAap, m /im fle/ia ToMMHa m AP-) MyLUKe a APyrM nyT (Hnp. Cmmoh M a r y c , 6ap6 e/10rH 0CTMUM, Ba/ieHTMHLl,M, riMCTMC Co4)M< ja) meHCKe npMpoAe. Ha 0 CH0 By 0B0r 0CH0BH0r pa3yMeBan>a mocTMHKor MMTa M ow e ce cxBaTMTM: a) Aa TeKCTOBM mocTMHKMX mKo/ia m npaBaua BapMpajy MCTy 0 CH0 BHy cxeMy Tano ujto ce CKopo yBen Man>e mBOpM o c/imhhoctm a/iM HMKano o MCTOBeTHOCTM MCKa3a; b) Aa je MMTo/ioiUKM KapaKTep mocTMHKMx cnMca Hac jaHM nac c/ia6MjM m Aa c y MMTO/iouiKe npeACTaBe M3MemaHe ca pauMOHa/iHMM hoj'mobmMa lu to ce, Hnp. y JycTMHOBOj kh>M3M BapyXOBOJ M/IM y Ba3M/lMA0B0j rH03M MO>Ke A 0 6 pO
[48]
npnM eTHTM (y o n n iT e
A y x a A a M 3 J i a w y (V 9 ,7 ) , no c B e fie H M u iM , o a h o c h o ohm KojM c y c a B p m e H M , teleioi ( y c a B p m e H M ) (V 8,9 ; ynop V 8 ,2 8 ), m HanpocTO ohm kojm 3Hajy, ohm KojM c e 6 e Ha3MBajy gnosti-
koi, faskontes monoi ta bathe ginoskein (jeKojM r o B o p e Aa no3Hajy 6 e 3 A a H ) (V 6 ,4 ; V 8,1 V 1 1 ,1 ), KojM Mory Aa OAMepe Ay* 6 MHy 6Mtia (V 8 ,2 9 ). O b o c y yMHM m wmbm JbyAM (V 8 ,3 1 ) , e jiM T a H O B e n a H C T B a Ha ko jm Ma noHMBa HaAa CBeTa (V 8 ,2 9 .3 6 ) , yMCTMHy jeAMHM xpMiufiaHM (V 9 ,2 2 ) . CaMO OHaj k o j e
Amhm
HaKHaflHOM AanoBaHby. Phoctmk y thoctm hkom MMTy ca3Haje, li iT a B M i u e , M CK yLu aB a, cb o j y cM Ty a ^M jy m cboj y c y A . O h mx npom M BA>aBa, je p je OBaj mmt caMo eHcnjiM KauM ja hberoBor rHocTMHKor y c y A a ca3HaBaH>a. y MMTy oh c a 3 H a je c e 6 e , je p c e oh y HseMy
n o K a 3 yje .
CTBapHO HOBeK M O W e C a 3 H 3 TM H O B e K a . Ajim nopeA O Bora , ca^a cjjaKTMHKM nocTojm j o m j e A a H BMmM C T y n a n > : O H a j n o K O M e j e m o3a
oTKpoBeHbe 3a
m koj'm
ce
Tajio>KM y c n M -
m TaKO
n o c Ta je
napaAMrMa-
C B O je A y x o B H e c p O A H M K e . y
m o c T M H K o j jiM Te p a Typ M o b o
AeTM TaKO
ctm k
necTO . 3 a T o
i a K T M H K O j pa3JiMu,M
ce c y i U T M H a m o 3 e cacTojM y T O M e pa
ce y caM Oca3HaHby m ca3Hahby CB e Ta O TB a p a c n a c e H ie , m ano c e m o c T M K y Hber0B0 ca 3 H a H>e o T B a p a Henocpe^HMM yBMtiaH >eM M MTa, K o j e j e c a M o n p o je K u , M j a mjim o 6 je K TM B aL ;M ja 3 6 M B a H ja m o 3 e , o H f l a c e MnaK y T a n a B mmt
He n p o j e K T y j e m o 3 a H M j e A H o r m o c T M K a m C T o r a m o 3 a H M j e A H o r m o c TM K a HMje M3Bop
m o 3 e . Y mo3M n o c T O j M j e ^ a H O A p e t)eH M c j i e f l d y n H > e B a . M o B e K y j e A H 0 C T a B H 0 HMje o H M r / ie A H o k o j e H O B e n . f l o A ^ m e , C B a km HOBen MMa M 0 r y t i H 0 C T m
H>eroBe
pa ca3Ha in
ko je oh
pa
sige (T M iu M H a ) o a nous m ennoia (Hippolyt, Refut. VI 1 8 ,2 ). y BJiacTMTOj peHM C m m o h o b o j y n a 3 y j e c e M3Bop m o 3 e . Jom j e j a c H M j e j e A H O A P y r o M e c T O , y VI 9,4 name c e : , , O b o j e KhbMra 0 6 j a B e rjiaca m M M e H a n o j a M3 c a 3H a H >a (eks epinoias) BejiMKe CHare, 6e3rpaHMHHe, AOJiac j ie A M M3JiaraH>e C B e r a M3 h o c h o M3
o 6 jaBJbMBaH>y o TOMe
Hnp.
M3HOBa r o B o p M m H a a c e H C K a n p o n o B e f l . y B M A y T a j H y H O B e n a HMje C T B a p H e 3 H a j y f i M X mhor o 6 o w a u , a (Hippolyt, Refut. V 8,4) mjim ohmx Koje je 3eMJba 3aTBopMjia, ohmx hilikoi kai hoikoi (TBapHMX m 6ji8thm x) (V 8,2) hmtm ohmx koj'm n o 3 H a j y c a M O A y m y (V 8,34), hm ohmx kojm c y no npMpoAM cjienM (V 9,20), Hero ohmx kojm M M a jy A y x , koj'm c y A y x , pneumatikoi (AyxoBHM ) (V 9,6.21), m kojm M o r y M3
6 Mtia m n a o M 0 r y h H 0 C T M o m e n o c T a T M
ca3HaH>a. Tano
Cm m oh je OBy M oryti-
Koja
noHMBa y cBaKOM H O B eK y
cbom
cnM cy.
je OBaj c n M c 3a m o 3 y
149]
HMlIITMBe. O 6e3HMeHHM M HeH3r0B0p/bHBMM HaflHe6ecHMM TajHaMa AajeM Hayn, nojn He Mory nojMMTM moFihmu.m m ro c n o A a p n , noAaHM 14 M hh 6 mjio ho A P yrn , Hero je caMO ca3HaH^e HenpoMeH/bMBMX ohmto . . . " Ba/ieHthh o6jamhbaBa Aa je MMao BM3Mjy /loroca. H3 hberoBor pa3a6npahba, Tano M0 paM 0 pa3yM eTM XMno/iMTa (Refut. VI 42,2) npon3/ia3 M tragikos mithos, nojn je TeMe/b i-beroBor y4ehba. Tragikos mithos je ohmto mmt 0 na-
/ioj Sofia. Kano Tpe6a 3aMnm/baTM jeAHy TaKBy BM3njy, ca3Haje ce M3 rica/iMa BajieHTMH0B0r, hoj'm HaM npeHOCM Xnno/iMT (Refut. VI 37,7 f ): Bhamm Hano cBe bhch o e Te p y , r/ieAaM Hano nHeyMa hoch CBe. Ha Ay^M, rneAaM, bmch Te/10 , Ayiua je OHpymeHa Ba3AyxoM a Ba3Ayx o n e T bhch 0 eTepy. M3 noHopa nponcTMHy n/iOAOBH, M3 yTpo6e noTnne whbot. y Ayxy Hojn Tanofje hocm CBe, BazieHTMH npoHMHe BH3MOHapcHM cn o j m HacTaH3H cbmx CTBapn, o a Te/ia a o eoHa m zioroca, ujTaBnme CBe a o 6 nTOca. y m y p 6 n A y x a yBMC, o a h o c h o a t o je mcto y TOH>eHjy y n o n o p , y e n c T a 3 M
flyxa Kojn OB/iaAaBa CBMMe, O T B a p a j y c e a h MeH3Mja 3a AHMeH3MjOM a o m h>mxob c n o j , OHe c e noja B / b y jy nao y A y x y O T B o p e H e m nocTojetie. H a 0 C H 0 B y o B o ra T p e 6 a p a 3 y M e th je A H y H a n o M e H y k o a M p e H e ja (A dv. H a e r . 112,3), M3 Koj e c e bmam Kano c y Ba/ieHTMHu,n tbpam/im A a c y ohm n p n potjeH>y m e c T e oHa (oa npaou,a m e n n o i a e ) hmhm/im 6 a 6 nHKy y c /iyry O Aje A HOM a He 3a C B a n o r noje AH Ha HHO . n p a m o 3 a j e CTBapaKbe, A ony m Ta H D e n o ja B /bMBaHba ohmx koj'h 3 H a jy . H a n o H a c T e p T y / in jaH n K/ieMeHT M3 A / i e K c a H A p n je o 6 a B e m T a Bajy, BM3M0HapcKa u p T a c e oh m to Ha/ia3M y Ba/ieHTMHCKOj mKO/lM. HapOHMTO je 0 BM3MjaMa M3Bem TaBao KacHM Ba/ieHTMHai 4 M a p K y c , ,,Mar koj'm j e 6 mo n o 3 H a T Kao g n o s t i k o t a t o s n nao OHaj KojM n o c e A y j e ,,HajB Mmy Mofi HeBHA/bMBMx m HeMMeH/bMBMX n p o c T o p a ". H^eMy je n o M p e H e j y (A d v. H a e r . I 14 ,1 ) CMm /10 CBeBMIllhbe He TBO p CTB O , s i g e M ,, 0 TKpM /10 My HjeroBy B/iacTMTy c y m T M H y m H a c T a H a n C B e ra, m T o c e j o m hmj'6 a h o m o a 6 o r o B a m JbyAM
HMje n oK a3a/io. . O h o My je oHAa o tKpM/lO M ,,MCTMHy , M oh je BMAeO ,,Te /10 MCTMHe ', o 6 /imk ,,HOBeKa . 1/lcTMHa caMa o tb o pM/ia je ycTa m M3 peK/ia pen IH S O U S . Ta n bom eKCTaTMHKOM M3Bopy m o 3 e , KOJM ce caCTOjM y AOHeKMBaHby hyTaHba, y HMjeM je non o p y pof)eHo CBe cym TacTB eH O , oAroBapa OHAa m eKCTaTHHKa 4 >opMa Mcno/baBaHja OBe m o 3 e , K o ja yBeK roBopM caMO cjimkobmto, y 3Hau,MMa, y mMcJapaMa, yBen caMo BMmeCMMC/ieHO M BMLUe3HaHH0. TaKBa CBOJCTBeh o c t MMa CBoje HaKHaAHO Ae/iOBaHse oa caMe CTBapM a o y ,,rH 03y He0n/iaT0HM3Ma. H a ^a je llopcjDMpMje pe^MTOBao Heny neCMy Kojy je jeAaH o a c/iyma/iaua Ha3Bao ,,mamaBOM je p je M3HeTa BeoMa 3aMOT3HO M Ha MMCTMHK0-eHTy3MjaCTMHKM HaHMH *, XBajimo ra je FIjiotmh peHMMa: ,,Tm ce noKa 3yjem MCTOBpeMeHO nao necHMK, c|)MJ1030c}d m xm-
jepoc}DaH (Porphyrius, Vita Plotini, 15). Ca 0 B0 r cBor M3BopMmTa a to tie yonmTe petiM: ca hbeHor nHeyMaTCKor M3BOpa pa3yMJbMBO je Aa mo3a HM je yBen MMajia camo cKJioHocT na necHMLUTBy, k3ko noKa3yjy necMe y anonpMc^HMM AejiMMa anocTOjia, C 0 Ji0 M0 H0 Be OAe, flcajiMM Ea3iiJiMAOBM, MaHMxejCKM ncajiMM, 5apAe3aHOBM HaneBM m Apyro, Hero cy m Apyra jiMTepapHa McnojbaBaH>a, anonajiMnce, jeBaHtiejba, cnMCM otkpoBenba, pacnpaBe, 6Mjia npomeTa ohmm nechmhkmm AyxoM koj'm je joiu 3aKaneH 3a nceyA O M M T.
4.
A k o je m o 3 a
6 yt)yjytia napaAMrMa
CBaKor
A P yro r
m o c T M K a m ano o n a C B o j e BJiacTMTO p a 3 y M e -
jim Toj m o 3 M , OHAa je OHa caMa n p e CBera n o K p e H y T a ohmm mTO OHa n a o M3pa3 m Mcna3 m o 3 e n p e n o 3 H a j e y CBojo j A y x 0 BH0j okojimhm. H obo je , y CTBapM , cB a pejiMmo3Ha M yA p o c T HapoAa. l-bMX0 Ba m o 3 a HMje j a c H o Ha BMAejiy. Ajim OHa je AaHa c x o a h o TOMe mTo CB3KM HOBeK MM3 C n 0C 06 H 0CT 3a TH03y. Hby thoctmum npoHajia3e m m3 6 ecKpajHO pa3JiMHMTMX MCKa3a, KOjM Cy CKpMBeHM nCMXMKy, y3MMajy je m M3/iai+{y y n p a B O M CBCT/iy, Tano
[50]
A a ohm caM ii o n e T n o c T a jy CBeAOM aHCTBa m o 3 e . M e T O fla v\3j\arau,a je a n e ro p e 3 a . H a h o h ns/iarahba, n a , j e c i e eKcnjiMKaLu-ija m o 3e y H>eHOM M M T y , o a h o c h o y HieHOM O A JiyM y j y t ie M A o r a t )a jy : y f le c y MOBeKa" mjim ,,c o 43Mje m A p . T a n o t h o c t m k M o m e C B O j y o 6-
mmcjim n o A npoTMBHMKOM KojM c e nOMMFbe y HbMMa. T a n o oh McneBaBa npoTM BncajiM e hojM O T K p M B a j y T a j H e c T a p o 3 a B e T H M x ncajiaM a
3oc|Da, Jie n a p a , a cTp o jio ra . llpM t o m je cTB aphm c t 3 b npeMa ca A p m a jy c b m x o b m x Te n cTO Ba pejiaTMBHO paBHOAymaH. a) Ta n o Hnp. th o c tm m k o 0fl 6 MjaHbe m A e npaBaM,Mja C T a p o 3 a B e T H e 38mmcjim c T B a p a H sa H M K a K o H e o M e T a 6 o r a T y y n o T p e 6y C T a p o r s a B e T a 3a A O K yM e H T O B a H b e c a M o e K c n / iM K a u,Mje m o 3 e . O Ha y m c to B p e M e MMa o c n o p a B ajytiM o a h o c n p e M a n o je A M H M M c n M C M M a m r p y n a M a cnMca M3 C T a p o r 3 a B e T a . LLlTaBMLLie, m o cT M M K O M3Jiaranbe y n p a B O O TM M a C T a PM 3 a B e T H>er 0 B 0 M n o r p e u iH O M p a 3 y M e B a Hby. 3 a Hby t o BMiue y o n u iT e HMje OrapM 3 a BeT. A a 6 MCMO M3 BeJlM KOr MHOLUTBa T 3 K B M X m o c T M M K M x MHTepnpeTautMja C T a p o r 3 a B e T a n a B e jiM c a M o A B a npMMepa, T p e 6 a c e n o f lc e TMTM Ha TH03y T3B. n e p a T , K3KO je M 3 Jia w e XMnojiMT (R e fu t. V 15ff). H o a h>mx, H a npM M e p , H 3Jia3M M O a j ie r o p e 3 y M 3 ro H a M3 E m n T a , KojM ce n o B e 3 y j e c a HjMxobmm M M e H O M . n o luto c y i4MTMpaHM OflM cej m XepaKjiM T, K a H ie c e : Tano je c m p t y r p a 6 MJia Em n tia H e c h>mXOBMM K0J1MM3 y LJ,PBeHOM M O p y . Ajim cbm
HeyKM c y Em ntiaHM . M3roH M3 E m n T a 3 HaMM m3toh M3 Tejia . . . , a npejiamehbe U p B e H o r Mopa, t o 3H3MM n p e tiM BOAy n p o n a c T M , hbmMe H p O H O ca , a AocneTM n peno U p B e H o r mopa, t o 3H3MM flocneTM c OHy c T p a n y n oc T a h b a , a y nycTMHsy flotiM 3H3mm m3 H acTajaH >a a o cn e T M T a M O r A e c y cbm
6 o ro B M n p o n a A a h b a
m 6 o r o c j io 6 at]ahba 3 a j e A H 0 . Obm 6 o ro B M n p o n a c T M je c y 3Be3Ae noje je M ojcM je Ha3Bao nycTMH>CKMM 3MMjaMa. HaMMa je Moj'cmje c y n p 0 TCTaBM 0 n p a B y 3 M M jy m T a n o ce o c j io 6 o a m o oa HdMxobmx y je A a . Ajim n p a B a 3 mmja je BejiMKM noH eTaK1 ' , 0 KOMe c A p y re CTpaHe M3BeuiTaBa JoBaH (1 ,1 4 ). Hao A p y m npMMep T p e 6 a Aa ce noMeHe chmc
FIm ctm c CocJ)Mja, n p e M a n o jo j n c a jiM M M3 C T a p o r 3 a B e T a M3Jiamy c n p M B e H a n p o p o M a H C T E a 0 hbeHoj c y A 6 MHM. C a M O thoctm k 3Ha A a je Ja y ncajiMMMa H m ctm c C o cfitija m Ha n o r a c e
m ca o n LU Ta B a jy h>mxob npaBM c a A p w a j. b) Hobm 3aBeT je 3a m ocTMKa HanejiHO na mctom CTynHby Kao m CTapM 3aBeT, caMo lu to je oh, yo n u iTe y3eB, Kao i^ejiMHa 3a m o CTMKa npMXBaTJbMB. I/lnaK, npeM a BajieHTMHu.MMa cnopH e c y uiTaBMLue m caMe peMM McycoBe. JeAH O je penao c o Te p , A P y ro naK Majna, Tp e tie AOMMjyp3M , nam e ce koa HpeH eja ( A d v . Haer. I 7,3) y Be3M ca pa3JiMKaMa y C Tapo M 3aBeTy. HaaceHM MMCJie Aa je ta noera kai psihika kai hoika (yMHOCT m av* uieBHOcT m TB a p H o cT) Aouuia o a M cyca . ,,M OBa tpm MOBena MCT0BpeMeH0 roB ope CBaKM M3 CBOje BJiaCTMTe CyUJTMHe CBOJMMa" (HaMMe, M3a6paHMy,MMa, nocBetieHMMa m 3apo6jbeHMMa: H ip p o ly t, Refut. V 6,7 up. 12,4; X 9, 2 f). Ajim obo je MMLUjbeHO n 0 Tn yH 0 y cmmc jiy yjeAHaMaBahba M cycoBe peMM ca pa3yMeBahbeM 0Ar0BapajytiM X BpcTa JbyAM. Th o ctmk 3Ha Aa je M cyc y HaMejiy r 0 B0 pM0 ckpmBeHO m Aa ce hberoBe peMM M opajy cxb8tmtm mcto T3K0 ajieropMjcKM nao CTapM 3aBeT. O h Tanotje 3Ha Aa ce M cyc y JeBaHfjejbMMa camo Majio noKa3MBao, mta. HajBMme m Haj 6 oJbe penao je oh cboj'mm yMeHMi4MMa noTajH o, LUTO je OHAa KPMLUOM, Tj. y TajHMM CnMCMMa Aajbe npeAaTO (y n . Hnp. Ire n a u s, A d v . Haer. I 2 5 ,5 ). O h o u jto 6mcmo MorjiM H33BaTM Ta jio ro M je A H o r n paB o r M36opa M3 H o B o r 3aneTa, jeA H e npMKjiaAHe MHTepnpeTau,Mje H o Bor 3aBeTa m y mcto BpeMe npaBe (Ta jH e ) TpaAMi4Mje, t o c y OHAa JeBaHtiejba Koja c y HanMcajiM mocTMU,M, Hnp. JeBaH tjejbe mctmHe (e b d . III 11,9). O h o lu to Bawv\ 3a J e BaHfjejba b3>km acjimmmmho m 3a A n o c TO jie , npe cBera 3 a riocjiaHM u,e ITaBJiOBe. \A a n o cTo jim c y roBopM/iM y napa6ojiaM a, Tano Aa ohm Ten Tp e 6 a Aa ce npoTyMaMe. O b o , nan, mor y caMO ohm nojM n o c e A y jy npaBy. HaMMe mocTMMKy, TpaAMu,Mjy: Non enim per litteras
je 6e3a3/ie-
[5 1 ]
m nyHy m o 3 y (e b d . III 1,1). rHOCTMK je mhoro ncKycHMjn o a HjHX (e b d . IV 6,1). O h o Ha LUTa ce Hobm 3 aBeT y ue/iocTM oahocm Mome ce y CBecTM m ocTM Ka pa3yMeTM nao M3Bop m o 3 e caMo y orpaHMMeHOM cMMany v caMO Ha ceKyHAapaH HaHMH Kao u jto je cjiyMaj m ca C Ta pnM 3aBeTOM . M cyc m KberoBM anocTo/iM c y y Hobom 3aBeTy AO Aym e caoniUTaBajiM m o 3 y , aiin caMO AeJiMMMMHo m y HeAOBOrt>HOj cfjopMn. A k o m o 3 e HeMa ApyrAe, OHa OBAe He MOwe HacTaTM. O B A e OHa n Hiije HacTa/ia. O B A e ce OHa y Haj6o/by pyny MOwe riOHOBO Hatin noA KonpeHaMa Moje cKpnBajy, o h a 3 aKO ce npnMeH3yje a/ieropnjCKa er3ere3a BotjeHa mhtom Kojn je eKcnflimnpaH m 0 3 0M . O b o ce bhah Hnp. y T y MaHeHDy 25. CTHxa 5. M aB e JeBaHl]en>a no Maiejy m ocTH K a K a p noK pa Ta : HenpMjaTeA,, to je jeAaH o a aHliejia cBeTa, Kora ohm Ha3MBajy f)aB 0/i0 M, Kojn je CTBopeH 3aTO Aa M3ry6AjeHe A y w e H3 CBeTa o a b o a h a p xo H Ty, npBOM oa aHtiejia, Kojn je CBeT HanpaBno. Oh npeAaje TaKBe AyLue jeAHOM A pyro M a ntie/iy kojh H3eMy c/iymM, TMMe nx oh y A P yra Te/ia 3aKnjynaBa. Jep Te/io je TaMHHu,a. A peM: Tm Hehem M3atin oAaHAe CBe a o k noc/ieAH>y n a p y He ncn/iaTnm , 3HaHM Aa ce Hetie Motin oc/io6oamtm M olin aHfje/ia Kojn je cBeT HanpaBMo (Ira n a e u s , Adv. Haer. I 25,4). Mjim c e bmah Hnp. y thoctmmkom T y ManeH>y KpcTa M cyc o B o r Ha l"o/iroTM y f le nrna JoBaHa (97ff) KaAa je M cyc, CTOjetin y uinnjbn n ocBeT/baBajyfin je , penao Jo B a H y: JoB a H e , n peA tommjiom tiy y JepycajiM M y 6mn pa3aneT . . . A jih Te 6 n roBopnM , a mTO TOBOpnM, noMyj! . . . M . . . oh mh noKa3a jeflaH yMBpmfieHM cBeTjiocHM k p c t a oko KpcTa OrpOMHO MHOmTBO KOje HMje MMaJlO JeASH o6jimk h y ohom (cBeTJiocHOM K p cTy) 6no je jeAaH mcth o6jihk h mctm M3rjieA- To c n o A a caMor caM cna3no rope Ha K p cTy, ajin oh hmje MMao HMKaKaB o6jimk Hero caMO rjiac, nako He rjiac Ha Kojn cmo HaBHKjiM, Hero jeA an n0TnyH0 cJiaTKn, A o 6 p n n yw cTHHy 6oHtaHCKH Mac Kojn mh je ro B o p n o : ,,OBaj CBeTJiocHn kpct tiy ja 3 6 o r Bac Ha3MB3TM nac Jlo ro co M , nac H ycoM , Mac M cycoM , Mac Xpm ctom , Mac BpaTMMa, nac n yTeM , Mac X jie6oM , Mac ceM ehom, nac BacKpceH>eM, -iac cmhom, nac o ^e M , Mac AyxoM , nac mnBOTOM, Mac mctmhom, Mac
BepoM, nac MMJiomtiy. TaKO ce roBopn CBaK3K0 CaMO 3a JbyAe. yMCTMHy, TO je CBeTCKM kpct KOjM CBe cnaja, CTBapa m orpaHMMaBa, mcto Kao mTO HM je oho 3a uiTa BamM Aa jeCTe, Hero je thoctmmkm /loroc. Ajim obo m mhoto ULiTa APyro mTo je cjimmho ca3Haje camo OHaj ko MMa nHeyMy m ko je KaAap Aa O TKpnje hbeHe TajHe aKO je HaMmao Ha h>mx. Ajim nHeyMy MMa thoctmk. Ha Taj h3mm h ,,H e Ma cjiymaou,a obmx TajHM ocmm caBpmeHor mocTMKa (Hyppolyt, Refut. V 8 ,2 9 ). Ajim ano je Heno oa pofjehba c/ien . . . , oh Tpe 6 a noMotiy Hac Aa rjieAa m bmam . . (e b d . V
9 ,2 0 ) .
c)
A 0 B0/bH0
je
Aa ohm
KojM M M a jy yiUM
Aa M y jy , ca3H ajy C B e T . . ( Hi ppol y t , Refut. V 9 ,7 f f ) . TaKO Cy MHOrM mOCTMHKM TeKCTOBM npomeTM thoctmmkm npOTyM3MeHMM n o e TCKMM M C})M/1030(}3CKMM U,M TaTM M 3. M o m A a je HajBpeAHMje noMMH>aHba oho MecTO koa Xmno/iMTa (Refut. V 9 ,7 f f ) , r ^ e je ^ a H thoctm k o6jamH>aBa ,,Aa ohm KojM n y m Ta jy Aa 6 y A y BMt^eHM Ha n030pHMU,M HMLUTa He paAe hmtm roB ope 6e3 A y 6 jb e r cMMCJia. A k o ce , AaKJie, HapoA y no3opM m Ty 0KynM a Heno M3at]e c ynaAJbMBMM oAejioM , ca l^mtpom m 3acBMpa, oHAa oh neBa BejiMKe MMCTepnje a Aa He 3Ha m Ta roBopM . . . O h Hnp. neBa XMMHy O MH0 T006 jlMMH0 M ATM Cy M npM TOM MMC/lM Ha A H Tp o n o c a , y MMjoj cyA6M ce MaK McnyH.aBa H>eroBa B/iacTMTa c y A 6 a . ,,3 6 o r TaKbmx peMM, A pm e ce ohm MMCTepMja Be/iMne Majne m B e p yjy Hajnpe noM otiy oH or mTO ce npM tom mmhm (n o M otiy APOM ena) Aa r/ieAajy i.ie/iy Ta jH y . Ta n o c a A a , A a K / ie , c B e , M y A p o c T m n popom TB o C T a p o r 3aBeTa, Mcycop.e peMM m roBopM anocTO/ia, MHoro6omaMKa no-
0 u c m o p u ju 2 H 0 C m U H K U X y u iu i f a j a
Tjy/inja CcJjaMeHM Tacnapo
e3Mja n cjDmio3ocj3nja, HayK n oSjaBa M n c ie pnja, npnflOHoce TOMe fla ce m o 3 a m o c TH K a 3ana/in m n p n 6nv\m\/\ n TMMe, n o M o t i y 3HaHba i;oje je 3a6opaB/beHO y u,ejiOM cBeTy, a/in Koje c y rHOCTnmi ca3Hajin, otbopm n y T Ka cnacehby. H 3BopmiiTe m o 3 e je m o 3a. hbeHy c p w ohh Hajia3e y TeKCTOBMMa jyfinx mocTMHKMx c n n ca , KOjn cbh o 6jaBJbyjy MMTCKy hjim n 0jM 0 BHy c n a c 0 H0 CHy rH03y caMoca3HaHba, Koje o 6 yxBaTa ca3HaH>e CBeT a n cnacehba. A jih OHOMe ko je nyje n casnaje, c s e M y^ p e KHjnre m roBopn cBeTa, no3H3TH m Heno3HaTH, KOHaHHO n o c Ta jy CBeAOnaHCTBa Koja c y cnpeMHa pa n o M o m y p a ce m o3 a Kao caMoca3Hahbe ncnyHM n t3 k o nohobo 3a/i,o6nje M3BopHa cyiUTHHa HOBeKa. O b 3 kbom McnyHjaBaHby rH03e Mory noneLUTO noMotin, c je ^ H e CTpaHe, npahba, KpuiTehba, noMa3aH>a ocBetieHja, KyjiTHe nrpe, mta-, c A p y re cTpaHe, je ^ a H , CJ1060A 0 M, Koja ce y ncnyH>eLby m o 3 e OTBapa rHOCTMKy, noTBpheHM JlM6 epTMHMCTMMKM, OAHOCHO aCKeTCKM KJMBOTHM CT3B. AjlM CyiilTMHa TH03e HajHMCT M je A 0 J i a 3 n f lo M 3 p a 3 a y B a j ie H T M H C K o j li jk o jim, 0 neM y M penej (A d v . H a e r. I 2 1 ,4 ) n3BeLUTaBa Kao u jto c Jie ,A m O n e T A p y r n o f l 6 a u ,y jy C B y O B y y n o T p e 6 y m r o B o p e pa ce T a j y jin A e / iy G a llis
n i.
84, je o
0 M / ia je p e et
C Te p
o n n c y je v e lu t i
rp y n y pen
O flO M a tie H y
T n u m v ia c u n tu r, r a n it e s ru m
a b s it im e n t e s , moin
G n io t ic o ru m p r a e d ic a r e et
aeque se se p a sc a -
a b s t iin in e m t ia m O n u jT e je
p r o m iit t e n t e s . f la oaaj Te K C T n p e A C Ta B /b a
M n u jrt.e H > e
npBO MCTOpnjCKO CBeAOHaHCTBO O npHCUM^HjaHCHOM noKpeTy. Oh Beb HaroBeujTaBa npo6;ieMe KJiacnMHe 3a npoywaBaH>e KpnBOBepHnx, n o c e H o flya/incTMMH^a1 CTpyja y c p e flH > O Be K O BH O M xpnmbaHCTBy. T e jepecn, Ha nnTanbe n o je je y 3 H e M M p a B a /io AyxoBe
jo u j
ofl, T e p T y / u ija H 0 B 0 r
A o6a
unde
m a lu m
et
Aajy mcth o f lr o B o p n a o n aHTM M Kn rnocT H U M . O H e 3 / iy npnflajy O H T O / io u iK y B p e ftH O C T je f t H o r H a n e / ia Koje je y mctm M a x m HymHO m c y n p o T CTaB/beHO 5ory, a He npn3Hajy KOCMMMHy m coMaTcny CTBapH0CT, CMaTpajyhn nx anco/iyTHo HeraTMBHMM. CaBpeMeHM no/ieMMnapM, totobo 6e3 M 3y3eTKa, M3pMHy o naBJivitiaHMMa, SoroMminiMa m KaTapMMa
quane? HO HanaH cyA n p o r/ ia u ja B a jy h M
mx
,,M a H M x e ju M M a . y
Ha HeBMfljbMBe n HencKa3HBe mo?im He mow e x T e T M n p e f l C T a B H T n BHA JbHBMM w n p o jia 3 hhm CTBopehbHMa, a He3aMncjiMBa m HeTej i e c H a 6 ntia j o m Manbe nyjiHMM n M a T e p n j a / i hmm c T B a p n M a . flyKO c a 3 H a h b e H e n c K a s n B e BejiMHMHe T p e 6 a pa 6 y f l e ncnyhbeHO o c j i o 6 o fjeibeM (e in a i de te le ia n a p o lu tro s in a u te n te n e p ig n o s in to u a rre to n m e g e th o u s ) (n o C T o j n cnacenbe n o c B e t i e H O c a M M M c a 3 H a B a FbMMa HeM3peu,MBMx Be/iMHHHa). He3HaH>eM c y HacTajin rpeujKa (to h is te re m a ) m w a j i o c t , n o M o t i y m o 3e u e / io n o c T O j a h b e H e 3 H a H>a c e n 0 H 0 B 0 o c jio 6 atia. C T o ra je m o 3a o c j io 6 a tja H 3 e y H y T p a u i H > e r H O B e K a . . . rioM otiy
ocTa/iMM c/iynajeBMMa Moine ce 3ana3MTM jeflaH APyranMjM ct>eHOMeH: /imhhoctm m /im rpyne Koje y HajCTapMjoj rpafjM HMcy noKa3MBa/ie Aya/iMCTMHKa CBojCTB3, y HajHOBMjMM M3BOpMM3 6 MBajy nOCTeneHO npMByneHe noApyHjeM ,,MaHMxejcKe jepecM. T a n o je AyAM no EnMc}DaHy o 6MnaH pacno/iHMK, koa TeoAOpMTa HMpcKor npeACTaB/beH Kao ex . . . rfjg trjs tog M d v t )g jiX a v r| c ; p a v ic ja jif - v o ; , aok cy y KaOHMjeM npeAaHy ayAMijeBUM Aya/iMCTM kojm ce c/iywe 6 pojHiMM M3pa3MT0 rHOCTMHKMM anOKpMcfjMM3.
J o iu M 3Bop M , je c /io m e H M jM n p o 6 / ie M M e c a /iM ja H a , n o je
ca M 3 y se T K O M TeoAopMTa, He AOBOAe y Be3y ca MaHMxejcKOM TpaAMUMjoM. H e CMe ce, Me^yTMM, npeHe6 perHyTM nocTojaH>e Aya/iMCTMHHMX upT a y HiMX 0B0j a H T p o n o / io rM jM , a m BM3MOHapcHa m m c t m k 3 , KOja m x H apaK TepM U /e, nona3yje rHOCTMUMpajy h e c y jy je A a H BM A O Be , na
mm
HO BM ja
C B e A o n a H C TB a
np M nM -
c ra B O B e
y KojMMa ce
H a c / iy t iy je
A y a J i'H 3 a M .2
HonaHHo, Bajba mmbtm Ha yMy npouec y KOMe ce, noneB oa XI Bena, Ha3MBM eyxMTM m v\ ,,Meca/iMjaHM Bp/io necTo M3MeH>yjy ca TepMMHOM ,,6orOMM/lM, nOLUTO cy OArOBapajyfiM M3B0PM M3H>e-BMLue n0TnyH0 noMCTOBetiMBa/iM 6yrapcny ceKTy fl,ya/lMCTMHKor HaAaxHyha ca HeKaAauii-bMM Meca/iMjaH-
rH03e o c jio 6atja ce yHyTpaujhbn h obck p n e u m a tik o s , m TaKO hm je AOBOJbHo c a 3HaH>e C B e ra , m o b o je n p a B o o c j i o 6 o t ] e H > e .
CKMM nOKpeTOM. HeheMO 3aycTaB/baTM Ha TepMMHOx e p e 3 M O / io ra . P a A M je Ba/ba noCT3BMTM c/ieAehe nMTaH>e: nocToje /im 3ajeAHMHKM hmhmoum KOjM AonyujTajy nopef)eH>e p 3 3 /im h m tm x Aya/ 1MCTMMKMX nOKpeTa KOjM C y Ce jaBM/lM y 0 K p M /b y c pea h> o b e KOb h o r x pMui h aHc t b a , ca th o c tm h km im CTpyjaMa ( y K / b y n y jy h M m M3HMxejCTBo) M3 npBMX BeKOBa Haiue epe? C APyre CTpaHe, cjieHOMeHO/iouiKo nnTaibe He Mcupn/byje npo6/ieM; Ba/ba McnMTaTM M MOryhHOCT MCTOpMjCKe TpaHCMMCMje A O H Tp M H a , KOMm ce O BA e z io rM ja M a ApeBHM x ja 6m je A M H a M o r/ ia A o n y c TM TM Aa ce 3a cpA H>o-
1 TepMWH ,,Ayann3aM ynoTpe6/baBaMo y hberoBOM MCTopnjcKO-pe^nrnjcKOM 3HaHeH>y, Aa 6 h c m o 03HaHHfln nojaM, M3pameH 6 m/ io y m m tc k o m 6 m/ io y cm CTeMaTCKOM o6jiMKy, jeAHe ,,AMX0T0Mnje npMHu,kina M 3 Hoje ce, Ha pa3He HannHe, M3BOAe cBe pea/ihoctm CBora CBeTM. y n o p . U. Bianchi. II ualism o reMgioso, Roma, 1958.
CKMHa npnnncyje Meca/iMjanMMa. l"lo A . Ph J omohv, MetiyTMM, npBa tbpah>3 OAHOCM/ia 6m ce Ha ayxobhh
KiMBOT.
3 G. O uilspel, Gnosiis als W e ltre lig io n , Zunich,
21972, 37.
2 ynop. nojaM jrOp 5i]p.iot>pYov n TBpAHy oti ipuaei xd xoxd , KOjy jeAHa 6e/ieuiKa JoBaHa flaMa-
Be no BH e tmhkm
c e K Te
K o p n c Te MJiki
M3pa3M
Kao
u jt o
cy
th o c ce HaM
y T M u a j
T p a A M U n ja . nOBOAOM
n p o 6 / ie M
POHMTO jaC HO Hor A o 6a M 3paw eHo x e jc T B a ; B a ia , Bena. p njc KO j BHfljbM B CMMony y A p yro M
O H M Ty je
n p H C U M J lH ja H C TB a ce o c e fia He
n o c T y / ia i O B e Ta je A H o j y
M 3 ry 6 /b e H
rH O C TM Ka
M a H n x e ja u a y
M e t iy T M M ,
4)e H O M e H O Jio LU K a K a Ta p M 3M y,
X. C e A e p 6 e p ra
v\cianna
ananma
m m tc k o a H a / io m e
ripMCUM/iMjaH, 6 m/io nan 6MCKyn HHCTaHTMje. ripe h o noHHe Aa npMnoBeAa o MCTopMjCKMM A orat)a jMMa KOjM ce TMHy npMCUM/lMj3H OBOr WMBOTa, Cy/inMKMje C e B e p m3 h o c m b /13c t m t m cy A o npnpoAM m nopeK/iy To ra KpMBOBepja. no H.eMy je t o imfamiis illa Gnosftlicorum haemesiis, Kojy je y LUnaiHMjy npecaAMO M3BecHM M a p n o M 3 MeMcjDMca. JepoHMM ce HaAOBe3yje Ha m c t o npeA aH .e, HMjM 6 m M3Bop, no Ea6MjeBOM MMm/beH.y 6M/ia Ano/iorM ja H Ta ca Ae O c o H o 6 e , KojM je y llpMcuM/iMjaHOBOM yHMTe/by, M a p K y , BMAeo c/ieA6eHMKa M aHM jeBor, BeujTana y MarMjM. JepoiHiMM y m c t o BpeMe n o A B /ia H M npM C HM /iM jaHOBy M a rM jC K y 0n 0C06 H 0C T. M a KC M M , n a K , H 33M Ba ,,M a H M x e ju M M a o c y fje H M K e M 3 Tp M p a , Aa 6 m o n p a Bu jto
Aao
na3Hy
KOja
Kao
mx
je
cHaui/ia.
HaM
H0HaHH0,
a y To p K Ba/iM -
B M p u ,6 y p u jK M X 4)M KOBa/iM
p a c n p a B a A a je
Ha 3HaH>e Aa c y
bo
M a H M ja T e M M iu e t iy je
m
M a n e te m a
hm hm
e iu s ,
d o c tn iin a s u jt o
a tq u e 3H a Aa
in je
s it it u t a ;
cm
B a T p e H M je c o n itra
npeAM eT
n e s c n ib t i
p s e u d o e p is c o p o s
et
M a r t ic h a e o s .
Met)yTMM, KaA c e no6/iMMe McnMTajy npMCUMjiMjaHCKe m KaTapcKe aoktpmiho, yonaBa ce ko/imko je TeUJKO npMXB'8TMTM C/lMHHe 3aK/byHKe. ripMCU,M/lMjaHchm noKpeT eBoziyMpao je y jeAHOM OTBopeHo ,,amTencTMHKOM m aHTMKOcMMMKOM npaBuy, HMje ce oflpetieHe npeMMce pacno3Hajy y ctmhkmm m aokTpMHa/lHMM nOCTy/iaTMMa ripMCUM/lMjaHOBMM M Hjerobhx npBMX c/ieA6eHMiKa. IUto ce tmhe KaTapM3Ma, oh ce pat^a y TpeHyTKy KaA ce jeAna Aya/iMCTHKa opMjeHTa/iHa TpaAMUMja, naB/iMjaHcna m 6oroMM/icKa, Be3yje ca cfcepMeHTMMa npenopotieHor AyxoBHor wmBOTa m TemhbOM Aa ce n0H0B0 CTeKHe M 3BopHa hmcTOTa jeBaHtieocKe nopyKe, noja je 6ma jano yKopeH>eHa y EBponM XI m XII Bena. H ynpaBo ce tmm nocpeACTBOM naB/iMjaiHCTBa m 6oroMM/icTBa Mopa p33M3TpaTM npo6/ieM MCTOpMjCKMX OAHOCa M3Metiy rH0CTMUM3Ma M M3HMXejCTBa C jeAHe, M K3TapM3Ma ca APyre cTpaHe. Ocmm Tora, nan m ano xp0H0/i0uiKa yAa/beHOCT pa3MaTpaHMX HMHbeHMua HMje M36pMcaHa, 6apeM ce yMHoroMe CMaH>yje TMMe ujto M3B0pM naB/lMjaHCTBa ce>Ky ao cpeAMHe V II Bena, a Aa ce npM tom He we/iM aeh caAa M3jacHMTM o nMTan.y Aa jim nab/imjaHctbo, 6oroMM/icTBO m K3TapM3aM jeoy M /IM HMcy y 3acTonHe m MCTOBpcHe KapMKe jeAHor jeAMHCTBeHor ziaHua nojM cewe ao rHOCTMHKO-MaHMXejCKMX M3BOpa.
1. npMCUM/IMjaHCTBO
B e / ie u jK a jaHOBOM BepMTM ra ber A o6a ad C y /in M K M ja m K > e r0 B 0 M n o p e tie H > e M m, C eBepa ca A P y r n M cnM ca L ib e r o >KM BO Ty K p a jy npM C UM /iM ce npoM3 t o -
Tp a rM H H O M A e /im m m h h o , e p is c o p u m
M O e
A O K y M e H TM M a a p o lo g e t ic u s 6m /io Aa je
6apeM
h e n o c p eahm m to
CBem L icm
C A P y re C TpaH e, He Tp e 6 a oneKMBaTM Aa obm M3BopM n p y w e 6 m/io K3KBy MOTMBauMjy onTym 6M 3a M aHMxejcTBo MspeHeHoj npoTMB npMCU'M/iMjaHana, HMje b e AOKTpMHe 6 mtm M3/io>KeHe TeK y no3HMjoj rpatjM. LU t o ce TMHe c b m m x npMcuM/iMjaHCKMx pacnpaBa, OHe h m tm n o T B p ^ y jy h m tm a c c {) m h m tm b h o onoBpraB ajy T y onTy>K6y. HayHHMUM HMcy jeAHor/iacHM y TOMe KanaB mctopMjCKM CyA M3petlM O OCytjeHMUMMa M3 TpM pa. JeAHM c y BepoBa/iM A a c y y npmcumjtmjanckmm cnMCMa npoHaiU/lM OHeKMBaHM A0K33 rH0CTMHK0-M3HMXejCK0r CBojcTBa ripMCUM/iMjaHOBe jepecM . flp y rM , 6pojHMjM, HMcy ycne/iM y necTO Hepa3yM/bMBMM apryM eHTauM jaM a BMpu6ypujKMx pa cn p a s a Aa y TB p A e jacaH m Heno6MTaH T p a r Aya/iM3Ma, na nan hm AKa3 jeA H o r MCTMHCKor npMBOBepja. M or/io ce nan tbpamtm m Aa je npMcuM/iMjaH 6mo HeBMHa w pTB a cn/ieTKM HenpMjaTe/bCKM HacTpojeHMX 6MCKyna, j e Aa 6m mcTMHCKO cb o Jctb o H .e roB or no npeTa sa/ba/io TpamMTM y pMTOpMCTMHKOj M aCKeTCKOj n o 60 WHOCTM; MeCTO npMCUM/iMjaHCTBa 6m/io 6m y ujMpoKoj cTpyjM McnocHMiuTBa m MOHauiTBa hberoBor Ao6a. H aM a c e hm hm Aa c e He 6 m CMe/ia Tano np yTo nocTaB/baTM a/iTepHaTMBa M3Metjy ripMcuM/iMjaHa cneKy/iaTMBua m MaHMxejua, m llpMCUM/iMjaHa h m c t o t MCnOCHMKa M MMCTMK3. YTBPAMtieMO A ^ CpOAHOCTM H>eroBe m m c / ivi ca Aya/iM3MOM, y aHTpono/ioujKoj paBhm Ha npMMep, He 6 m cMe/ie M3a3MBaTM HeAoyMMuy. O cm m To ra , He CMe ce 3aHeMapMTM hm npo6/ieM npMCUM/iMjaHCTBa y V m VI BeKy, Koje ce , npeM a CBeAOnaHCTBMa O posM ja, ABrycTM H a, JleoHa m TypM6M yca A 'A c T o p re , a o KaHOHa KoHUM/ia y BparM 561. t o a m He, KapaKTepMiue y jeAHOM h m c t o Aya/iMCTMHKOM m THOCTMHKOM CMMC/iy.
A 0MeH.eM
a y ro p a
D a m a su m
[54]
He
n a B /iM ja H C n e f ly x o B H e
o n o 3 n u n je n p n p o f le , n > y flC K e
M e?)y ^ e^ M M a nM a
n y ie H e ,
2. TTaBJiMliaHH
C e A a M H a e cT KaHOHa KoHUMjia y BparM, nojn n 3pnMy MCTy n p e c y A y MaHMxejnMMa m npncuMJiMjaHHMMa, MMHe nOCJieAH>e KOHKpeTHO MCTOpMjCKO CBeAOHaHc tb o o obom noKpeTy, Hojki je o a T o r TpeHyTna 6mo ocytieH Ha noTnyHM HecraHaK. TjieAaHo joui uinpe, VI Ben ce OA/iMKOBao to to b o noTnyHMM Muine-
oHM M a
c n e u ,n 4 > n M 'H n x ca
cpoA-
AyaJiM CTM M Ka n o c T O ja H o c T H e o -
c n o p H a , H e 6m c e C M e jia n o c M a T p a T H A p y ra M n je M e tia u u a
3a
n 0 T 0 H .y
e B O J iy u n jy np M Hi4M na y
U n ^ M ja H C T B a , y
CMMCJiy A M X 0 T 0 M n je
Teo-
tb p a m
A&no
o 6 jaBJbeH>a
MaHM4)ecTpyje y ano-
KpHCjDHMM
3a&aH>eM AyaJincTMMKe TpaAMUMje Ha 3anaAy. noKyuiajM A a ce y 4x>JiKjiopy, k oa Tp y 6 a A y p a , Te y mmcTHMKOj M BM3H0HapCK0j jiMTepaTypM O TK pn jy TparoBM MMTCKHX TeM a M CJlMKa THOCTMMKOr HJIH MaHMX6jCK0r nopenjia, HMCy ycnejiM. Mopa/io ce 0A ycT3TM oa KOHTMHyMTeTa jeAHe KoxepeHTHe Bepcne TpaAMunje,
m 3aAOB0JbMTM ycMepaBaH>eM nawH>e Ha M30jioBaHe MOTMBe, O Tytie H e o a 6mjio naKBOr AyajiMCTMHKor kohTeKcra. HecTaHKOM npmcu,mjimjaHCTBa (VI Ben) mc-
cnncMMa, m Aa, y mctom KOHTeKCTy, BepHMH nojn A ocem e n0TnyH0CT xapn3Mn Mowe onpaBAaHO, na Man n y3 3H8THy KopMCT, Aa ce cjjyw n anOKpM4)MMa, noujTo je 3axBa/byjytiM xapM3MaMa y cTaH>y Aa pa3jiyMM LLiTa y tm m cnMCMMa A 0J ia 3 M o a B o r a , a mTa je, HacynpoT TOMe, njiOA jepeTMMKor kpmboT B o p e H > a . Bmammo A a ce npMCu,njiMjaHCTBO OBAe o t -
HMcy AaJieno
oa
0H 0r a
ljjto
3H8mo
m
HaA
je
pen
0 OAHOCMMa M3Metiy
H e U JTO HOBMjM M 3 B0 P M
anoKpnc{)He
rHOCTMMKe
CaMO
EnM30AHe nojaBe KpMBOBepja y XI, m npouBaT KaXII m XMI BeKy, n e 6m CMejiM Aa AonycTe TBpAH>y o nocTojaH>y HenaKBor npnnTO-MaHMxejCTBa Koje 6m 6mjio npew M Bejio y pa3HMM 3eMjbaMa CBora HacTaHHa. PaAMje ce Ban>a OKpeHyTn Hctok^, r^e naejiMtiaHM hohobo nocTaBJbajy npo6TapcKMX C Tpyja y jieM je A H o r ,,AyajiMCTMMKor KOHTMHyMTeTa . flojieMMMapM T o ra A o 6 a poujmjim c y npo6jieM nporjiam aBajytin MaHMxejcKo MCXOAMWTe 3a HOBy jepec, a MOAepHM MdopMMapn c y ce MaH>e-BMLue n0TnyH0 npMKjioHMjiM tom cTaBy. Ajim seti je TM3ejiep Harjia-
jiM TepaType .
O np M C I4M JlM ja H C TBy y
npaB4y
Ka
k j i acMcJiMHau,njM,
C B O jC TB e H e X e p e 3 M 0 J1 0 LU K 0 M anonpM cfra C Tp a H e
a o k tp m h c
je 3 M K y ; o
TO B O p e y
cmo 6pojHe cpoAHOdM naBjiMjaHCKe AOKTpMHe ca MapKMOHCTBOM, M 3 KOra je M M3B0AM, a KaCHHja M CTpatMBaH>a Aona3ajia c y 0npaBAaH0CT H>er0B0r npncTyna n p o 6 jie M y .
H3B0pH y Be3M C naBjmjaHCTBOM KOjM CBH noTMMy c npaBOBepHe CTpaH e HeAaBHo c y noHOBc MCnMT3HM. HajTaMHMjM nOAaUM A0Jia36 M3 BH33HTHjCKMX M3B0pa, AOK Ce jepMeHCKM AOKyMeHTH TMHy np e C Bera x p0H 0/i0 rnje m C BeAone o no3HMM pa3BojMMa n o n p e Ta . H is to ria M a n ic h a e o ru m rie T p a C n HMJiMjaHua npMKa3yje h b m naB/iMjaHCKM no K peT nojn c e , no cjie A ^a Bena HiMBOTa, ynpaBO 6 m o cyoMno ca jeAHOM ApaMaTMMHOM npenpeTHMHOM y cBojoj mc TopMjM. riocjie c m p t m nocjieAH>er xapM3M3HCKor amAacKajioca, C eprM ja, naBJiMjaHcna 3ajeAHMua nocTa;ia
Ta K BM M
H e B e p o B a T H o A a je npan p M 3-
A ya jiM C TM M Ko HaTM ca BM p,
B O Be p H M X n o jie M M M a p a . A jim
6MJie
noje
A p y rM M a .
cbmmm n o n e u M M a
Hojy je
M na n,
npw cu ,m jiw ja H um m a
je HenoM
bp cto m
paTo6opHe AP^aBMne,
b c m m to
H M iu Ta
He A a je
no M C TO Be -
TMMO T 06 omH>e e30TepMMKe AOKTpM'He ripMCUMJlMjaOBe c a M A e ja M a n o je npm chm jtm jahu,m m a npM nMcyjy M 3BopM M3 V m VI B e K a . KaA c e C B e A o 6 p o
p a 3 M 0 Tp M , U M jiM jaHC KM H a jp a 3 6 o p iM TM je je p e u ie H > e Aa je npncn o n p e T , H a A a jb e o A 6 a H e H oa U p K B e , ao-
HiMBeo 3HaMajHy AOKTpMHajiHy eBOJiyuMjy, m A a c e otbopmo npeMa thoc tm m km m m MaHMxejcKMM yTMuajMMa. TM'Me je y je A a H hobm AyaJiMCTMMKM okbmp, KOjM noApa3yMeBa nojaM MHc|)epMopHor TBop^a CBeTa m M o e e n a , cmct e mbtmsobao C B O jy M 3 B o p H y A ya J in c TM M Hy aHTponojiornjy (Ayuia Kao d iv n u m g e n u s j , ceoije
pM ropM C TM M Ke c Ta BO Be ( o 6 e 3 B p e tie H M o p u is s a e c u li,
y3ApmaBaH>e oa 6paKa) m cBoje xapM3MaTCK0-cnMpMTy a jiM C TM M K e chjiohoctm (Te w H > a na A a p o BM M a C B e Tora fly x a , TparaH>e 3a Ay6oKMM 3HaMeH>eM flncM a ). T a j npeo6pawaj npaTMo 6m m KopnujtieH>e thocTMMKMX M Ma H M X e j CKMX anOKpMCjj2.
cy K o 6 y ca BM3aHTMjcKMM U,apcTBOM. T o He mmhm npenp e n y Aa BepcKM 3axTeBM m TewH>e noje je OBa cenTa M 3pawaBajia o a ca M o r noMeTHa, nao n t o k o m c b o ra pa3B0ja, MMajy m Aa/be a n co jiyTH o npBeHCTBo. CTa/m o BpatiaH>e naBJiMjaHCKOM npeAan>y jeAHa Je o a 3HaMajHMx u p Ta n o n p e Ta : no y 3 o p y Ha yTeMejbMBaMa ce K Te , KoHCTaHTMHa MaHaHajiM ca, HojM je y3eo MMe C m iB a H o c, m , ocjiaHbajytiM c e n a JeB aH fiejbe m A no CTo/ia nao jeAMHe n3Bope HaBeuiTeH>a, npeACTaBno WMTejbMMa KM 6oce Kao A a ra je no cjiao CBeTM riaBjie Aa nponoB eA a JeBaHtieJbe, diidaskaloi' y3MMajy MMe yMeHMKa A n0 C T0 Ji0 B n x , a naBjiMjaHcne 3ajeAHMUe n0M CT0Betiyjy ce 6 e ca upKBaMa noje c y 0CH0Ba/iii riaBjie m H>eroBM capaAHMUM. OcHO BHe u,pTe naBJiMjaHCKe AOKTpMHe Aa/ieno cy o a Tora Aa 6yAy xoM o reH e y OAHOcy Ha MaHMxejcne n o c T y jia T e ;
jiaKo ocnopMTM
[55]
3aM, pa3flBa]aHe 3aH 0H a o a JeBaHf)e/ba; /by6aB HaAaxHyia a o 6 p o to m Hao JeflMHa n o 6 yA a 3a c/iaH>e CnacnTe/ba jeflHOM CTpaHO M /byflCHOM p o fly; tb p a tt>a o mctmhmtoctm Xpm ctobm x MyHa (n n je je Te/10, c flpyre C TpaH e, 6 e 3 MKaHBe MaTepMja/iHe KOH3MCTeHunje) Kao H yw HOj i^eH ii 3a MCKyn/bett.e MOBena; pacneTOCT M3Mel)y oBora c B eTa, noTHMHaeHor 3aKoHMTOj a/lM OKpyTHOj B/iaflaBHHM CTBOpMTe/beBOj, M 6yAyfiera i^apcTBa f lo 6 p a ; no3MBaH,e Ha n (a n ^ nao cpeflCTBo cn a ce H ja ; m HOHaHHO, MCK/byqnBa BpeflH ocT Hoja ce n p n rm c y je HaB/iOBOM JeBaHt)e/by nao M3Bopy HaBeiuTeH>a. M et)yTM M , n o c To je pa3/iniKe na noApynjy x p n cTO /io rn je . O B a je , npeMfla y o6a c/iynaja AOKeTMCTMHKa, k o a M apKHOHa MOAa/incTMHKa, AOK naB/iMjaHCTBo c a A p m n nojaM XpncTa-aH t)e/ia. TeujKo je , Met)yTMM, ycTaHOBMTM A a /im je OBAe nocpeAM AOKTpnHa/iHa eBo/iyi4Mja, m/im nan M3BopHM nocTy/iaT no K p e Ta ; y to m c/iyHajy, naB/intiaHn 6n 6m /im HacTaB/baMM je A H o r A p e B H o r jyA e o -x p m u tia H CKor BepoBaHja. O cTa/ie pa3/iMHe M3Met)y MapKMOHCTBa m naB/intiaHa THMy ce TyMaMeHa CBeTnx ijutmBa, opraHM3amije 3ajeAHMua, m A ow eH a Mopa/ia, nojn je koa M a pK no H a c T p o ro a n c n n H h tck h , a o k naa/inliaHH HeM ajy noce6HM x n p o n n c a y nor/ieAy 6pana m xpaHe. 3an aw eH O je m t o p ,a MapKHOHOBa M3BopHa amTencTMMKa cf>opMy/ia cynpoTCTaB/ba A o 6 p o ra B ora npaaeAHOM B o ry , a o k c e y nae/intiaiHa pa3/iMKyje Bor <&yatf6<; m B o r Jtavripog. A/im n 03HaT0 je Aa je hoa MapKMOHa npaBeAHoci CTBopMTe/beBa KaTKaAa npH/lMHHO ABOCMMC/ieHa BpeAHOCT, n03HMje MapKMOHcko npeAaH>e, na , roBopn o jeAHO j MiOTMHCKoj a M3pa3 ^ o v i]p 6 s KopMCTM 3a cTa p o 3 a B e TH o r B o ra . C Apyre C TpaH e, noMCTOBetiMBaH>e naB/iMjaHCKora 3 /ior K0CM 0KpaT0pa c a CaTaHOM noMMH>e c e Ten y M3BopMMd noc/ie lle T p a CMHM/iMjaHna. M o m e 6mtm Aa je mcK/bymmboct KopMiutieiba HOBOsaBeTHOr TeK cTa noAynMpa/ia t o n0MCT0BetiMBaH>e, nocpeACTBOM TyMaMeH>a C Tapo 3aB eTH o r B ora cTBopMTe/ba jeBaHt)e0CK0M C/IMKOM fipx^0 T ou x6fi]aOii to 6 to u .
B a ^M ja M a
o4M TM 3M a,
C B aK ano
C Tp a H
m 3bophom
M a p K M O H C TB y. K o n a M H O , T M M O Te j M3 U a p M rp a A a ( n p a j V I m/im n o M e Ta n V I I B e n a ) c b b a o h m o yc Ba Ja H >y M aph m oh ckm x e /ie M e H a Ta o a C T p a H e je A H e npM BO BepH e , n o p e n /iO M m 3H a n e H > e M npM/iMMHo p a 3 H o p o A H e rpynaUMje. r iO A HaC/lOBOM M a p x ia > v iS T a t f ) y o u v A p fo ru p {ta i , n o A a Ta n a o TO TM p M TC K e pM, T M M O T e j, y3 HeKO /iM H o y o 6 MMajeHMx M a p M O H y A O K Tp M H e oBe
TBa-
c e K Te
H a c T a B / b a jy
o 6peAHy c e K Te T a K o t) e JeaaHBa c -
M O HTaHM C TM H Ke
nenM 3M 8Ha
Ha3M B3H M C Ta p o r t)e / b y
m/im
koJm
cy
cy
A r t o it y r iit a ii. C
C T p a H e , OA 6 a 4 MBaH>e AaaanM
3 a B e ra ,
n o J ly K M
m, y
to m
K O H T e K C T y , no p M ua H >e
mx Be3yje 3a MapKMOHCKy TpaA M U M jy. B e 3 m e ^ e 3a yn/iMTaH>eM 6m/io K a K B o r o a H o c a M 3 M e t)y naB/iMtiaiHa m TM M O Te je B M X M apKM O Hc k m x a p TO TM p v iTa , obm noc/ieAH>M Mor/iM 6m A a H aBeA y cna Ha no M M c a o Aa ce 3a y M s / io j A 3 M jM , y y V I, a Mom Aa c / iy n a jy O H C TBa cy je , ho m n o M e TK O M HeM a M3 V I I , B e n a , 3 a A P w a / ia M apKM O HC TBO . je A H a Bep-
KDceH>a, M3r/ieAa Aa
T p a A ^ U M ja
Be3aHa
C Bano M M apKMKOjM
o n p a BA a H > a pat)aH>e
3a
MCK/bynMBaH>e
MCTOpMjC KMX
MMHM/iaua KOjM je
n p 0 y 3 p 0 K 0 B a / iM H a n p o TM B , y c /io B M o
n a B / iM ja H c n e hobm x
c e K Te . O h o
mmhmtm e / ie M e H T m c k ^ c tb o
6 m t-
,,n a B / io B M X
yH e H M Ka .
MMHe
m VI O He
H3M
ce 6pojHe
cy ce je ,
pa3HO/iMKe nojaBe
y M a / io j A
kpm y V
B O B e p ja
H o je
y n a 3 a / ie
3MjM
Ha
B e H y . T e iu K o M o r/ ie Hoeor ce
HaM M e, y c T 3 HOBMTM
Aa /im c y 4>op3HaM o He
m 3b p ium tm
6 m/io
KanaB
yTM u a j
MMpan>e jM x o cy
A y a n M C TM H K o r
n o n p e Ta .
TO TO BO HM LUTa
6 o p 6 op M ja HM M a (Mailiouiaiie )
TM H M ja H a I, m K o je
Aot)ouie
mx Ma
riepcMje
X e p 6e y c
3 e M /b y
nao
Je p M e H a , ,,M 3AaHKO M
M M x a j/ io
CM pM jau, K a B a o
0A p e t ) y je
c e T y M ap -
fl,a 3aK/byMMMO, naB/iM jaHCTBO ce ne 6m CM e/io TyMawMTM Kao npenopOA m/im npocTO npoAyweTaK ApeBHMx MapKMOHCHMx AOKTpMHa. riocpeAM je noce6aH BepcKM 4>eHOMeH KojM je n p e T p n e o Ay 6one
n p e o 6 p a w a je m O A c y A H e n p o M e H e c Ta B O B a . Fla M nan, hmhm ce Aa je y n p a B O JeAHo je3rpo M ap K M 0 H C K 0 r BHAa 6m/io TeM e/bH O M cTp yK TypoM naB/iM jaH CK or
HM O Haua , a o k M a H M x e ja u a .
c M a Tp a
HauiKMx
o 6p e A H a
y /ia w e H > e n o ja
M O H a iu K y n p M n M c y je ,
cpeAM Hy,
0A B 0A e
flOKTpMHa/iHMx pa3/iMKa Koje noMMH>y AAaMaHTMycobm flMja/i03M, T p e 6 a caMO H aB e cTM Kano E3hm k A e Ho /16 onMcyje CM CTeM , koJm y c B o jo j M M T c n o j C T p y n Typn MHoro BMLue noAcetia Ha TpMjaAMMKe cnenyziai^M je M3 Eapyxa rHOCTMKa JycTMHa, n e r o Ha Mapkm ohobo yMeH>e. T e o A o p n T K m p c k m , o n e T , noMMH>e Aa y MapKMOHCKMM 3ajeAHMnaMa H>eroBe AMjeu,e3e nOCTOjM Ky/1T 3MMje 3aCH0B3H Ha H/iaCMMHMM MOTM-
Aa/ieno o a naB/iMjaHCKora M3pa3a. y MCTOM TOM K O H T e H C Ty BB/ba 3aAPW8TM M jeAHy 3ace6Hy HanoMeHy o MaHMxejcTBy. MomAa m hmje 6aiu 6e3 MHaKBor 3HaMaja MMH>eHMua Aa je Met)y noc/iaHMU,aMa ManMjeBMM m H>eroBMx c /ie A 6 e H M a , noje Ha6 paja M6h an-HaAMM, m jeAHa ,,noc/iaHMi;a JepMeHMMa'. M3r/ieAa Aa je E3Hm Ae K o /16 ( V boh) MiMao m h 6 k m x henocpeAHmx MCycTaBa ca MaHMxejckom aoktpmhom. HanoKOH, CaMyeA a Ahm hbm na3yje Aa 3a BnapaBme MaBpMKMjeBe (588. m/im 591.) Syni quidam oilnculaitares (HenaKBe CMpMjCKe cKMTHMi^e) Aot)oue y JepMeHMjy, r^e CTBopMuie c ^ e A 6 eH M K e HojM npeBot)axy H>MXOBe ,,KH>M re n y H e /iawM, Met)y nojMMa 6ejauie m Enarratio Evangelii M a n e t is . O B a 6 e / ie u jH a 6m c e , A a n / ie , M o r/ ia CMaTpaTM CBeAOMaHCTBOM o jeAHOM hobom npouBaTy
[56]
4 ripeMa
CBeftOHefby TeocjDaHOBOM,
HoHCTaHTMH V
je npom ao y Tpannjy C npn jue n JepMeHe, Kojn M3a3Bauje mnpeHje naB/iMjaHCKe jepecn .
VI ja n a h b e
Bena,
a H Tn n o jie -
<t>MHMu,Mjy A P H ta a a Aa Jim A
6o ro M M J iC K o r
A y a J iM 3 M a , je p Ha ra t o
ce
K o 3 Ma yzm
oa
MHCMCTMpaH>a m o c ia jia u jt o
,,M 3 M n u jjb O TM H a M a
m y M H O K ia B a v b e
mhhkmx c n n c a npoTHB je p e c n . P e n p e c n B H e Mepe BJiacTM, Hncy, aaKJie, Mor/ie AOBecTM flo noTnyHor
M u u H e 3a Ba rtia c jia 6 jb e H>e T o ik o m yBen V III y VI M a H n x e jc T B a , 3eM JbaM a nan m ano c y M y 3H a TH 0 o rp a H M H M jie u jn p e rt .e m np0y3p0K0Bane noTHM H>eHM M H > e r 0B 0 6 p 3 0
r o B a p a jy
c B e Ta hocm hom
OHOMe
Bn 3a H Ty.
6 o ro M M jic K O j
ro c n o A H > e
TB o p a ^
Bea, Teo/io3M m xepe3nojioan jom M a H n x e jC T B O , Koje ce, M e t}y TM M , y cJieflefieM B e K y CBe pelie noM M H>e. L L I t o ce Tnne
n o Te w y y B e a , C n p n jn je f lH y H'MaMO T e o f lo p n c u ,p n H y n o jie M M H K e Bap m A o 6po cnnce JoB a H a fla M a c K M H a , a o k no Ta M M j'M , f la je Ba H y KoHan, y M eco-
C TB o p e H > e .
6 o ro M M J ic K o
XpM C T Je
TyM a ne H >e C Ta p M jM
n a p a 6 o Jie cm h , oa oua,
pacnyc-
M jia t je r ,
0 3 H a n a B a jy y cbo-
o H o sp e M e H C K M u jt o
M 3BopM , m
a p ry M e H T O -
6 e jie iu K y
m aiHMxej ckm m
AOKTpniHaMa.
p o a o c jio b hm hc
HO Be je p e MOAepHM
M a H M x e jc T B y ,
M CTOpMHapM.
H a K o 6 o jb e o a c b m x A P y r M x KpM TM Hapa y B n tia H e M 0 r y t iH 0 C T cBol]eH >a 6 y r a p c K e je p e c M n a HeKaKae M 0 3 8 M p a 3 ! H opa 3H M x noaajM M u.a, Rifi HMje mora o A a 3 a o 6 M tie npo6jieM n o p e K jia " 6 oroMM/icTBa m H >ero B nx o A H o c a c a cbmm tmm BepcKM M noKpeTM M a. L LIto c e tm h o n a B J in tia iH a , Pi-h 3 ainam a A a 6u je A H O 6 o ro M M jic T B 0 . . . 6 e s mk3 kbmx c n o a c a naBjiM jaHCTBOM 6 mjio . . . H e O M b p c to m M CTopM jCK or napaAOKca. n p M c y c T B o naBJiMhaHa y Tp a M jM noTBpt iy je M 0 r y t iH 0 C T A O A ^ p a M 3M e tiy je p M e H C K M x A yajiM C Ta m B y r a p a 4, a n e T a p C M U M JiM ja a u n o :MMH>e je A a H npojeKT n a B jiM ja n c K e MMCMje y B y ra p c K o j. Ba /b a a o a 3 tm m c jie A e t ie 3 a n a m a b e : p a 3 JiMHHT 0 CT OBa A B a cjDeHOMeiHa je C M ry p n o yn aA JbM B a KaA ce M M ajy y BMAy nosHMjM pa3B0j 6 oroM M JiC TB a y B M 3aTy, m H e n e p e rM O H a jiH e n o ja B e K ao u jt o c y TpaKnjc k o eyxMTCTBO K o je o riM c y je M n x a jj io n c e jio c , n M ajioasM jcK O 4>yHAa: j ajM TC TB O o KOM e roB op M EyrMM M3 nepM6jieriToca. Hmhm ce A a OHa HMje Ta n o M3pa3MTa K 3A c e 6 y r a p c K o 6 oroM M JiC TB o K o 3 M M H o r A o 6 a y n o p e A M c a n a B JinjaH C TB O M M3 X B en a, H>eroBHM nojMOM CaTaHe TBopua m r o c n o A a p a 0B0ra CBeTa, H>eroBMM a H T p o n o jio u jK M M c n e K y jia n M ja M a m Bapnjau,M jaM a Ha T e M y a n tie o jio rM je m xp M CTO JiorM je. M e c a jiM ja H O TB O 6 m c e M o r jio npM 3B 3TM A a ce o 6 jaCHM M M CTM HK0-BH3M 0HapCK3 M THOCTM 3M pajytia K O M riO H e H Ta 6 o ro M M jic K e a y x o b h o c t m , m H>eroBa c jio m e H a A e M o o /io m Ja . Pih Je 3ana3MO Aa c e MecajiMjaHCKa TpaAMUMja pa3BMja o a IV a o V II Bena, 6 e jie u jK a Jo B a H a fla M a c K M H a je B e p o B a TH o h m cto KH>MuiKa", a o k je <t>OTM jeBa tb p a h > 3 o je A H O j C TB a p hoJ o n a c H o c T M o a M e c a jiM ja H C T B a M o m A a caMO o a p a 3 M 3Bopa M3 V B e n a Ha K o je c e n a T p M ja p x n o 3 MBa. y to m c jiy n a jy , M e c a jiM ja n c K M ac n e K TM 6 o ro M M Jic TBa H e 6 m yn a 3M Ba n M Ha n e n o c p e A a H aoam p
J e p M e H M jm , n e A A H M ja .
T p e 6a np e
C a M y e jia
M e liy T M M
6m
c e CMemo n p H e 5 p e rH y T M
npM cycTB o
y
c tb o . tje H M X
c TBa p M , n e
MOwe
p e liM
pa
Ha
HeM a
4 > o p M a jiH M x je Aa
a H a jio rM ja cy
M 3 M e t}y
O Be
CK e C T p y je .
r io s H a T O p a A M K a jia H nao M a M xe ju ,M na je A a a o c ts o 6peAe HaHMH KpM TM KO Ba/iM upKBeHe nan
o 6 H a Bjb a H > e
jyA aM iC TM HHM X
m n a ra H C K M x
o6MHaja; HapoMMro c y nopMuan AeJiOTBOpHocT ,,pu jTe H > a boaom " m eyxapMCTMje. OTBOpeiHO OA6aUMBaH>e je , jo j je c a H p a M e H a Ta J ia n u ie oa C Tp a H e y n a e jiM fia iH a cpeAM HM Ka m o t jio y A a / ie , c a 3 p e TM je A H o j
ko-
6MJia
K o ja
M a H M x e jc K a C k jio h o c t
kp m tm kb a jie r o e r-
UPKBeHe pMjM ,
jiMTyprMjcKe
O A J iM y je
n a B jiM j'a H C K y
H 0 B 03a B e TH y
KH>Mre
jo r n pen je
yBen je
n o c T O ja jio A o c ra
BeKy,
cJ>oTMje
Aao
H>eroB uiMpoKy
BJia A a Jia M3 Aa
uiMpo
m c to a m y c jio np M xnpoH e ra ca
n p M a 3. e r 3e r e 3e
C B 3 KOM o ja
CJiyHajy,
yw M Bana rA e je a
o je A H o j
H a JiO H O C T B e jiM K a ce K o ra
M a H M x e jc K O j B a T a jio y C Be y
cpeAM HM , oho u jt o
6oAa y noirjieAy
je A H O M TM 'BpeHiHO j M aHM xeju,M tm bhm t ia B 0J i 0M
H o B o ra
3 a B e Ta , M o r jio cM M C Jiy, C Ta p M
6y A e 3a B e T .
Ty M a n e H o Ko iH a H H O ,
m cjjyHKu,M jM
h c to
n o M C TO B e tiM B a jiM
np M H U M n M3
A y a J iM C TM H K o r n p e A 8H>a.
o 6p a c u a
x p M iu tia H C H o r
6 o ro M M jic T B a
3. BoroMMJiM AeMMjypr-t]aBO je y n 0TnyH 0CTM nOKpeTy potieHOM y ByrapcKOj y X BeKy. llpBM noBepeH>a AOCTOjaH M3B o p noAaTana o 6 o ro M M Jic TB y , Ko3Ma, M3pMHMT Je: obm je p e T M U M H a3M B a jy tja B O J ia rocnoAapeM m BJiaAapeM 6owaHCKor CTBopeH>a . HapaBHO, k o a HAeHTMc})MKauMja
HOBOM
M 3BO P H 3
ca
e y xM TC K M M
Tp a A M U M ja M a ,
K o je
t o A o 6 a B e p 0 B a T H 0 BMUie HM c y hm 6 MJie m M Be. Ohm 6 m n p e 6 mjim n o c jie A M u ,a yne H >a H K M X A 6A y H U M ja 3aCHOB3HMX Ha A0KTPMH3J1HMM M eTMHKHM aHa/lOrM jaM a, y K o jn M a ce o r jie A a c Ta H O B H LU Te M C Tpam M Bana
koJm, CB aK n n y T 3 a n a w a R iih nO ABJiaHM ^,naBJlM jaH C K n ", ,,M aHM XejCKM mjim M ecajiM ja H C K M a c neKT je p e c M . C y n p o TH y M e c a jiM ja H C H o j K To p e
T e o p M jy 3a
Tp a ^ M UM jM
0B 0r
ayTo pa
He
H3Jia3M M O
HeKy
c M C Te M 3 T C K y
Ae-
npecyA He
[5 7 ]
MMTOHa TeMa
H e c n o o o d H o c TM
antje/ia
mjim
AeM M ko a
jy p ra
A a o m M B e T e /10 A A a M o a o , K O jy
H ana 3M M o
C a To p H M / ia CHOj rp y n M
6)
ce
hoa
A O C Ta y
(HpeHej, Adv. haer I, 24, 1 2) y o c Jm to Hojoj ro B o p M Mpenej Adv. hear. I, 30 H a a c e H a (X M n o / iM T , Ref. V 7,6) JaB/ba M ecTO y T e n c TO B M M a M3 Har X a M 8 A M ja .
flM ja n o 3 M Aa Je ona Je n o T B p t } y jy n o 3H a Ta m H>eHO n p M c yrp y n a u ,M jM , a o h AO C Ta Te o A o p M T
A A a M a H TM y c o B M c tb o chm no Ka 3yJe M c to
M apKM O HC Koj t3 h o
Knp-
M a H M x e jc K o j m m o tm b A a hm-
cpeAM HM .
p a u jM p e H
Eb m ho t 6paKa
ca
A p x o h to m .
Ba/ba
3a n a 3M TM
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TMna,
y M H o ro M e 3a K /b yo peM
jy A e o -x p M rn tia n c k m m
n p e A aHM M a. ksa
je
60npe-
ro M M /ic K O M A y a / iM 3 M y ,
ocTaje
c TM tiM
n a B /iM ja H C TB O . T o m
Mome
o
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HeM aM o A e Ta flH O j t o A a . O fl enM 30A e K o je c e M 0r y t i H aHa^M3M Bena
0C Tn
M 3Bopa.
ce
3 a flp m a B a M 0 ce Ha O He nao
Ha Ha
T e o p M ja ctm m km x H>aTM
JeAHO M
K O H TM H yM Te Ty npeAaHba Te m H y na tm m
O rp a H H H n tie M O
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m Ha nMcaH>y anoKpM4>HMX
6 o ro M M A C KM x 6 o ro M M /iC H y
J o h a n n is ) .
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m m
ce Aa Ha
In t e r r o g a t io
ynpaBO
ApeBHa
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noM MBa
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ce
nnan
6 o ro M M /ic K M
tm m h y je nac
mmt o
C a T a H a e / iy n o p e K / iy je
C T O B e tiy jy . H a jc n r y p H n jM o6pa3au
n n Ta H > a je c T e je ^ a H T / ie je y oc-
Te M e /b M M a . npnna
M m c to
thoctm m m m M O Bena y c tb o p m o
M 3BopM M a A e / iy T e / io
ynya/iM
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Je A H e
M opa ko jm
H a A O Be 3M Ba TM a
P a n o p lia
n o ro A H o Te m n o cy K o jy
d o g m a tic a .
C a Ta n a e /i
/byAC KO
M O HaujKM M
cpeAM HaM a, M M C TH K e
h o Mome A a M y A a p y je m M B O T. A y * KOjM M y je y A a -
o c e T/b M B e a H o ja
n p a BO yc xo A cfreHO-
XHyO
ca
HOBOra
B o ry
n o c M a Tp a H M
AecfcmHnca/iM n o K a 3y je ca
n p o c TO
Kao
c o ko m
H>eroBora Te/ia,
HeocnopHe y
3 M M jy .
O HAa o 6 p a h a
no A yA a p H o c Tn A yxo B H o c T, je A H e je
ApeBHO M
e yxn TC K O M
n a n , A e / iy je Kao u it o
6 o ro M M /iC Tp yK ynpaBO 3a To ce
6/ b e iiJ Ta poAM
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na n p o TM B, A e / io . 6 p o jH M M 3a m
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je p e c n . cy
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Tpe6a
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M a H M x e jc T B O . BeoM a C T p o ry
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Man
ra m
e / ie M e H TM a p xo H TM K a
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m HeAe/bHM z ie n T o c a , a H a /io rM ja y, U M ja u M je , n a ca
cy Mory m
P ih
ce je
noc/ieAH>M 3a K o ja A o c ra to Aa 6m ,
o M a Tp a TM 6 o ro M M /i-
K a iK B o r p a ^ a o a n o A c e tia B e ti
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n p Be n c TB e H M M u jT e A M je A H a
e /ie M e H TO M
y TparaH>y 3a
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o n M c y je
MaHMxejcKMM o6MMajeM
ce npeHocM o n o u s
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nyreM
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ce u,enma
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Te H C T O B a , p ynaM a MCTe
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M etiyTM M , a o k 6 m ancTM HeHTCTBo Mor/io 6 mtm npaKTMHHa caMOCTa/iHa AeAyKUM ja M3 6 oroMM/icnor 3HTMK0CMM3Ma, y ApyrMM BepCKMM cpeAMHaMa Ta Kotie Ha/ia3MM0 M3BecHe e/ieMeHTe 3ajeAHMMKe o 6 eMa ceKTaM a. X M noTe3a 0 MaHMxejoKOM nopeK/iy He hkhm ce, Aan/ie, HeMMHOBHOM. C Apyre cTpaHe, Aa cy nao MO/iMTBy kopmctm/im MCK/byHMBO O ne H a u j", jecTe noA aTan HapaKTepMCTMMaH 3a 6 oroMM/icTBo, HecBOAMB Ha 6 m/io KojM n p e TX 0AHM nonpeT; K pu iTeH>e fly x o M , Koje MOBena mmhm caBpuieHM M ", oc/io6at}a ra OKOBa Te/ia m Beti M y A a p y je B acH pceH je , MMa HaM3r/ieA CBa CBojcTBa je A H e HOBe m opmtmna/iHe o 6 peAH e C Tp y K Ty p e MHMUMjaTMHKor TMna: MaHMxejCKa x eiPOTOVlCC 6M /ia 6m y to m nor/ieAy caM o je A a n Aa/ieKM m onuiTM npeTena. KoHaMHO, HeAOCTaTaK 6 m/io KaKBor MCTOpMjcKor cBeAonaHCTBa 0 npM cycTBy jeA H e ayTeHTMMHe MSHMxejcne TpaAM UMje y roAMHaMa m y reorpacfjCHoj cpeAMHM y kojMMa ce patja 60 r 0 MM/icTB 0 , je c T e 036M/bHa 3aM epna
VIII
BeKy, nao
A y A M je B M X M M Tc n e 3a
K o jM M a
ce
cycpehy
6 o ro M M / ic K o j 3HaM ajHM M
n p M n o B e c TM , C M a Tp a
npeHOCHMHOM
rHOCTMMKMX
4.
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riOMeB H a jK a o H M je o a XII BeHa, c a s p e B U iM y U,apMn a o A O HTpM Ha/iHM m o 6 peAHM K O M n /ie n c , 60ro M M / iC T B o h e c e n p o H e T M M 3BaH 3eM a/b a cBora
rp a A y npBor ujM p eH>a, m yn yTM h e Te 3a 3anaA y je A H O T p a jH O
m 6y p n o
HO Ayu/HO
A ya /iM C TM M o n p M X B a Ta
MOKycTBO.
To to b o
ce
jeA-
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meHMM
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npeACTaBaMa,
m 6 oroMM/icKor,
MCTOMH>aMKMX Tp aA M U,M ja n p o u B a T y K a Ta p c K M X C T p y ja B e n y . O b o TyM a M e n>e noMMBa wa je A H O M M BpcTO M , ABOCTpyKO M 0 TM B M C 3 H 0 M T e M e / b y : a ) 6 p ojH M M M HeOCnOpHMM A O K Tp M Ha/lHM M M o 6 peAHM M C/IMMHOCTM'Ma M 3 M etiy 6 o ro M M /ia m K a T a p a ; 6 ) M CTopM jcKM M AOA^PMMa M 3 M e h y eBponcKMX Aya^iMCTa m O p M je H T a . KpMBOBepHa r p y n a OTHpMBeHa 1 1 4 3 . y Ke/iHy, MMjM je Be p c K M M 3pa3 K aT ap cKor TMna, 6M/ia je cBecna H enocp eA H e Be3e ca MCTOMH>aMKMM c b c t o m ; Aktm an6MmaHCKora KoHUM/ia. CBe/ io r O e /iM K c a o a Hapa-
y XII
Ta B a
MMTCKa rne M a
H3
CBojy HajHenocpeAHiijy napa/ie/iy y aoktpmhm aHOHMMHe ceKTe KOjy onMcyJe MpeHej, y nor/iaB/by 30, I KH>Mre A d v . haor. OBfle M3/iomeHM CMCTeM, a moto T 3K0 m OHaj y 6ap6ejionHociMK a Kao uito Ao6po 3H3MO noKa3yje M 3pMHMTe aH aro/iM je ca npMMOM M3 J 0 B3H0 B0 r AnonpMcjja. Ha obo noc/ieAH>e m Ha cjiMHHa Ae/ia ynytiyjy ayAMjeBCKa lUTMBa, Met)y KojMMa je m jeAHO OTKpMBeibe JosaHOBO.
n a a v\
6oroMM/icKe
npnnoB ecTn
H a-
6 Peq je,
n p e B .)
BepoBaTHO o AparoBMMKOj
pkbm
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aKUM jM
K o jy
je
npe-
paipa Ni:qiuiintta AO UjaBUJM M3 p a r t iib u s A a ujmpm paA HHa/iHM D u g u n th liie . TiB p A H > y u ,p K B e m P e rtM je a BO AM /ie DuM3 y ao
npoAop 6oroMMJiCTBa Ha 3anaA Piih 0Apehyje n p e nojioBMHe X I Bena, Ha 0CH0By HM3a je peTMMKMX e n M 3 0 A a HcyMH>Mo K a T a p c K o r TMna, n o je
HeuiTO
oy Aa Aa ce y ja B J b a jie m cbmm tm m y K e jiH y , T y jiy J lM je w y
M o iH T - E M e y , He He
6m
C Be K a T a p o K e B u lg a n ia e aHOHiMMHa
riepMropy
o6jiacTM
3a .
A jim
Bajba 3a n a 3 MTM
noMMH>y MCKa3y jy ce n p e 6 a u y je
E c o le s ia e K o jo j je
E c o le s ia e pacnpaBa
c jiy n a je B M M a m
M 3BopM a jiM ce
n o T B p h y je
je A H a
A ya /iM C TM H Ka 3 a 6 p a H > y jy tm x n o 6y A e
yB epe H > a;
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je p e TM U M M a
Bena, y
cKM ^M paHa je p e c M ,
K p a TK a H>eHe
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K O J ie B K e
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oa
E y r a p c K o j,
U a p M rp a fta
m EocH e ,
m A O U H M je
3anaAa.
C A P y re y noM eAy cy ce K o je jb a M a ce cewy C T p a H e , M MUJAeH>a c e y XI BeKy y K a 3a n e 3H a TH O pa 3/ iM K y jy
3a n a A H e
K O H Ta K TM
yTBp A e
x p o h o jio u jk m
p,yas\w cja
M M uubeH3 y,
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je p e TM U M m o kb m p ,
O p jie a H a ,
Apaca, y je A a H
6m
ce
6oKe
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onpaBA aHo
3aTo ce nMTaMo A a fiM je, y tm m ycji0BMMa, yBoheH>e jeftHe MCTOHH>aMKe A'ya-nncTMHKe TpaAMHHje Ha 3anaA onpaBAano orpaHiMMMTM Ha roAMHe M3Mehy 1140. m 1150, 3aHeMapyjyhM Hee APyre, CTapMje enM30Ae. HMje peM o oh m m jepeoMMa M3 XI Bena Koje ce KaTKSAa npMKJian>ajy cacBMM cynpOThmm pemeH>MMa. PaAMje Hac 33HMMa npMBOBepHa rpynauMja OTKpMBena 1114. y CoacoHy. O cyAa 6paKa, pahaH>a, m xpane uacTa/ie ex coitu, xpm ctojioujkm AOKeTM3aM, KpMTMKa jiMTyprMijCKe npance m upKBeHe XMjepapxMje, KpuiTeH>e n0MCT0BeheH0 ca Verbum Deii, t o je, eTO, Beh cacBMM KaTapcna ctM3M0H0MMja jeAHe 3ajeAHMue. y CB3K0M CJiyMajy, AyailMCTMMKM nOKpeT AOWMBjbaBa Beh cpeAMHOM X II BeKa 3HaHajiHO ujMpeH>e. PeM je, no HaujeM MMUjjbeH>y, o jeAHoj AOcerHyToj a He n0Jia3H0j T8HKM y OAHOCy Ha npou.ec npoAMpaH>a MCT0HH>3MKe AyaJlMCTMMKe TpaAMUMje KOja ce HaJieMM Ha jioKajina BepcKa MCKycTBa. KaA cmo Beh noMeHiyjiM nMTaH>e 6oroMMjicKor nopeKJia KaTapa npMnaAHMKa ordiinils Bulgariae, Ba/ba ce Ha TpeHyTaK 3aycT3BMTM m Ha npo6jieMy nopenjia ,,anoojiyTHMx KaTapa (ordo Dugunthliie). Tm nac KopeHM y n y h y jy Ha Ecclesia Dugunthiiie, o HMjeM ce TaMHOM rearpacfccHOM nojiowajy jouj pacnpaBn>a, ann Koja ce M3rjieAa nana3v\na Ha 6ajiKaHCKOM noApyMjy.6 Tanohe 6m 6mjio HyWHO 6ojbe yno3HaTM nopeK/io m BepcHo 3HaMeH>e oBe upKBe, Hojy M3BopM jeAH0AyujH0 cM aTpajy MyBapeM paAMKa/iHor Bjepyjy, m noHpeTaMeM H>eroBora ujMpeH>a Ha 3anaAy. He mmhm ce Aa je yv\cjvn\y Moryhe npMXBaTMTM Te3y 06o/ieHCKor, KojM y ecclesiia Duguinthiie bmam jeAHy naBJiMjaHCKy 3ajeAHMu,y, noja 6m 6 v\n a y3pokom |>ahaH>a paAMKajiHor naTapM3Ma, mcto oHano Kao ujto ce Ha 6oroMMJiCKy eccletsiiia Bulgariie HaA O B e 3y j y ,,yMepeHe KaTapcKe rpyne. C APyre C T p a He, naBJiMhaHM ce ne 6m CMejiM MCK/byMMBaTM M3 cjioweHor nonMca AyaJiMCTMHKMx TpaAMUMja noje cy M3BpmMJie OApeheHM yrMuaj Ha 3anaAy. Hdmxobo ce n p M c y c T B O nona3ajio Ha Cmu,mji:mjm m y jymHoj HTajiMjM y X I B e K y , a KpcTauiKM paTOBM 0M0ryhMJiM cy KOHTaKTe Ha O p M je iH Ty c a naB/TMhauMMa hojm c y 6mjim caBe3HMUM MycjiMMaHa, m /im ca h>mxobmm 3ajeAHMuaMa Koje cy m Aa/be UBeTa/ie y 6a/iKaHCKMM
3 eM /baM a.
Ho3M a,
y c T B p A M TM E y ra p c K a
HenocpeAHo
m n p o M C TM H e. XI Bena,
6 MJia 6 m,
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n o M e TKO M
m a3san a
nponBaT
Kp M BO Be p H M X
n o n p e Ta
o y u iTM H C K M
a H a jio m iM X K a T a p M 3 M y .
CacBMM je cynpoTHa MopreHOBa Te3a. HTajiMjaHCKM HayMHMK anc0JiyTH0 pa3ABaja KaTapM33M oa jepeTMMKMX nojaBa M 3 npBe no/iOBMHe X I BeKa, jep HeMajy AOKa3MBMx y3aijaMHMX Be3a m jep oy, no H>erOBOM MMUIJbeH>y, M3pa3 pa3JlMHMTMX AyXOBHMX noTpe6a. flopeKJio 3anaAHe jepeoM Bajba, A&Kjie, Tpa>km tm y jeAHOM 6yheH>y ayxobhoctm, jeAHOM 3aMaxy Ay6oKMx noTpe6a 3a Mopa/iHMM npenopoAOM, ko}m TemM noBpaTKy msbophmm BpeAHOCTMMa jeBaHheocKe nopyKe. C h m KaTapcKM Aya-nn3aM, tbpam MopreH, noHMBa Ha jeAHoj aHTponoJioujKoj m MopajiHoj, a He MeTa4M3MHoj oohobm. Oh CBOje nopeK.no
He A y r y je y T M u a jy
0A p e h e H 0M
Kao
rH o c TM M K O -M a -
HMxejcKO npeAaH>e. HberoBM KopeHM ypaH>ajy y m m Tan>e H0B03aBeTHMx HhbMra noMe ce npeAajy o6 m m m m
Heo6pa30BaHM jb yA M ,,y je A H O C Ta B H O C TM a n c 0J iy T H 0-
ra Ayxa, 6e3 noopeAOTBa TeojiouiKe KyjiType. Oh He nopMHe 6oroMMJi'CKM yTMU,aj Ha KaTape, a m m caMO 60r0MMJicTB0 6mjio 6m ,,npe CBera jeAaH nym km noKpeT no6yHe, y MMe jeBaHheocKor MAeajia, cynpoTCTaBjbeH U,pkbm, a npoTMB 3JioynoTpe6a jeAHor M3onaneHor cBeuiTeHCTBa, 6e3 mhoto TeojiouiKor MHTepeca.
M P ih Oh je y O BO j p a c np a BM m M M C Ka3ao C B o je a m m ujm c to Te m p a3yMan>e
jbeH>e.
H>y Ka
0A6auyje AoHAeHOBe
K p M T M K y je
3aKn>yHKe,
BpeM eiHO
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n p e Te p a H y K o jM
M A e o jio u jK o r
caApwaj,a 6 o ro M M /ic TB a
M eBaH>e 3H a M a ja H
3a
HM UJTa
Hero TemH>a
n a je B a H h e o c K O M
MAeajiy.
OBa pa3MaTpan>a He peuiaBajy npo6/ieM eccle&iae Dugunthie hm y nor/ieAy Be3a ca naBjiMhaHiMMa hm y norjieAy H>eMMX AOKTpMHa. C APyre CTpaiHe, anco-
c/iyHa| 6o ro M M JiC K e n p n n o B C T n o n o B e c/ieAM jeflHy MMTCKy iu e M y n n ja 6m c e n O B e 3 a H O C T Ca rHOCTHHKM M K O H TeK C TH M a Te iU K O MOm a n o p e f tn . y K a T a p n 3 M y, ocm m T e M e ,,3 0 B a m O A r o B o p a , M3 rjie A a fla Ha t h o c th m k o mjim MaHMxejcKO n o p e K /io HapoHmo yKa3yje A O K TpM H a o Me-
7 TanaB
je
Ky, Koja
TaMncvixo3n.
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m c/iM Ka no
n p M c yTH M x CBeM y
obmm
Aya^ nc TM M KM M ce na
nom o-
K p e rM M a ,
cyA ehw
H a A O B e 3y je
C T p y K T y p M , OHOj K o ja je m p a m a B a n a y tho ctm h km m c p e A H H a M a , tmm n p e u jt o mmb AOBO/bHO p a 3 / io ra 3a TB pA H > y o n 0 C T0 ja H > y CTBapHM X MCTopMjCKMX Beaa.
ripeeeo ca 4)paHu,ycHor
M m /iojho KHeH ieBM fi
OBa a / iT e p H a T M B a cMaTpa anco/iyTHOM. y CTBapn, Kao ujto MCTopnjCKH KOHTMHynTeT He 3HaHM nacMBHo noHaB/baibe KpyTnx n HenpoiM eH/b'kibmx uieMa, tsko h v \ cJjeHO M efHO inoujKe aHa/iorMje He noApa3yMeBajy 6e3BpeMeHe apxeTMy K 0 / im K 0 noBe /iM U je H e M C To p M jC K o r n K y / iT y p H o r y r n n a ja . A H a -
m3a cpeflH>0BeK0BHiix av ajincTMHkmx jepecn AonyujTa H3M M3r/iefla ^a npn3HaM0 oflpetjeHM kohtmHyMTeT, KOJM Met)yTMM, He 3H3HM M3B0t)e4>e ; MOwe ce pa 3M M ui/b a TM o je flH O M H M 3y n o flC T M u a ja m n o 6 yA a , K o je c e 33tmm caM0CTa/iH0 pa3BMjajy y PS3/1MHMTMM CpeflMHaMa CBe flOK He CTBOpe HOBe nojaBe. 3ajeflHMHKM HMHM/iau, KojM o6e/iemaBa CBa Tpn B e p c n a c fje HO M e Ha naB/iMjaHCTBO, 6oroMM/iCTBO, K aTapM 33M je C T e Aya/lM3aM aHTMKOCM MHKOr n a H TM C O M a TC Ko r TMna, Ko jM c e CBpoTaB,a y M CTy c}3eH 0M e H 0/i0UJKy K a T e r o p M jy n a o m thoctmhkm m MaHkixe jcKM Ha je f lH y 6n TH a /iy H y jy tiM A ya /iM 3 a M ,
a/iM
3a
ce
B e p o B a TH o mq MO HtAa C BO ra
H a f lO B e 3 y je je npBooano-
M apKM O HC Ky n o A C TM u a j
T p a flM U M jy pa3B0j
K o je
n a B /iM ja H c n a
3a je A H M U ,a
npMM M/ia B / ia c T M T o r
hoct noce6HM X cj:eHOMeHa KOjM ce pa3BMjajy cb8km y jeflHO OApeheHO BpeMe m y pa3/iMHMTMM cpeAMHaMa, a K o je yB e K Tp e 6a ocB e T/b aB a TM MCTopMjCKMM
MCTpawMBaH>eM. y T o j A O C Ta A n 4 > e p e H U M p a H o j mcTopM jM Mory ce 3ana3MTM nan m 3'HaHajHe npoMene nepcneKTMBe, n o c T e n e H o ycB a ja H > e paj\mv\rv\x TpaAMUMja, m jeAHa Ay6oKa pa3paAa AOKTpMHa m eTMHK0-06peAHe npaKce. HMTaB jeAaH hm3 mmtckmx Te-
T e o c o & u ja u
HuKOJiaj EeptjajeB
zhocuc
* XeKJi, HeMaHKn HayMHviK, noanTMBMCTa, k o Jh je M 3pa3m o 3 a cTyn a o Te o p n jy eB0flynM0HH3Ma ca CTaHOBHiuTa T3B . ,,B yflrapHor MaTepnJanM3Ma'\
TeococjDCKe ui OKyjiTHe TeKOBHHe, Koje ce mmhm Aa cy CBe BMiiie n Bnnie nonyjiapHe, ciaB/bajy npefl xpmutiaHCKO ca3HaHDe 3aroHeTKy rHociic-a (no3HaHba). Y TOMe je ochobho 3HaMeHbe tmx TeKOBMHa. 3a nonyjiapHOCT TeOCOcfiMje KpHBO je M CaMO XpMLLjfiaHCTBO mjim, McnpaBHnje, xpmufiaHCKO MOBeHaHCTBO. Teococfrnja ca 6jia>hbaBa TMMe ljjto nopnne ynew>e o BeHHMM aACKHM MyKaMa, tojihko He0 nx 0flH 0 3a HapaBCTBeHO ca3HaFbe caBpeMeHor HOBeKa. O H a, TaKotje, ca 6jiamHDaBa wejfcOM fla npodaMa pernn nnTanje o nponcxotieH3y, pa3BHTKy n cyA6n Ayuje, Koje y m,pkBeHOM ca3Han>y HeMa OApetjeHO m n p n x B 3 T jbMBO pa3peLueH>e. TeococjDnja, TaKotje, ca 6jia^KhbaBa noMnpeH.eM Bepe n 3HaH>a, no 6omhoctm m HayKe. Ohm Kojn MMCJie fla je 3aro-
K o p A a T M3Metiy p e j in m j e n H a yK e K o jn ce TMMe p a B H O T e m e n M np a . M BJiaAajytie hob o b b k o b h o x p iiL u tia H C K o ca 3 H a h b e o A p a m a B a jio j e Ha c e 6 n 6pncaHDe n y B C TB a KOCMOca m c n 0 C 0 6 H 0 CT n 3 a Hber0B0 c a m e A a B a h b e (c o n t e m p la t ii o ) . CpeAHDOBeKOBHM CB e T, cjihmho A p e B H O M c B e T y , B H A e o je y n p n p o A H k o c MOC, HOCMMHKM n o p e A a K , XHje p ap X HH a H CHCT e M . H oB OB e KO BHn HOBeK o 6 p n c a o je c n o c o 6 h o c t carjieAaBahba KO CMoca, 3a H>era ce n p n p o A a n p e o K p e H y j i a y n p e A M e T no3Han>a no JiMHnjn MaTeMaTMMKor np np o A o c jiO B /b a m npaKTMMKor ypetiMBahfaa o a C T p a H e T exH HHe . U ,pKB eH O ca 3 H a H >e y H a m e B p e M e CBe b h m e n Bnuie 6 p n m e kocmhmk 3 o 6 e jie > K ja . U,pKBy n oM M H iy A a cxB a Ta jy K a o A p y m T B O Bep y j y t iM x p K a o y c ia H O B y , A o rM a T M (n o y K e ) noHHhby A a c e T y M a n e MopaJiMCTMM KM, y TajaHC T B H M a c e B M A e n cK Jb yH H B O H jH X 0 B a n c n x o jio m n a n coij|,njajiHa C T p a H a , a H e h b n x o B a KO C M M H Ka C T p a H a . H o M H H a jiM 3 a M y u p K B e hom c a 3 H a H > y n o 6 e t ) y j e p e a jin 3 a M . C T B a p h o c t K o c M o c a M LU He3aBa m y c p e A O T O M y je c e
ca3HaHby ocTaje c m ia H amocTMH,M3aM koj'm je pe3yjiTaT 6 o p 6 e npoTHB mocTHUH3Ma. y xpwujtiaHCKOM CBeTy 3B3hhhho BJia^a y 6 e-
fjehbe Aa ce y opTOflOKcajiHO-npKBeHOM 60r 0 CJi0 BJbeHjy oflBojno m KpncTajiM30Ba0 a o 3 BOJbeHM m o c n c , a c b 3 km ce A p y rn m o c n c CMaTpa Hefl03B0JbeHHM m jepeTHMHHM. Ajim cmo 60 r 0 CJi0 BJbe no CBojoj n p npofln n Me* toam HMje m o c n c . y 60r 0CJi0 BJby c y mcxoah no3Hahba yHanpefl M3BecHH, ohm HMcy a o 6 hjeHM M3 caMor pa3Boja no3HaH>a, a 6orocjioBJbe je n03BaH0 caMO Aa 3aujTMTM m 3acH yje re yH a np eA M 3BecHe ncxoAe.
MCKjbyMMBo Ha CTBapHOCT A ym e B H o r n A P ym T B e H o r HJMBOTa. P e j in m j y B p e A H y j y n p e c B e ra y n 0 T p e 6 H 0 , K a o A P y iH T B e H O -y p e tiM B a M K y c n jiy . H 3 60 r 0 CJi0 BJba n m n e 3 a B a yH e h be 0 U.PKBH, K a o M M CTHHKOM TeJiy X p H C T O B O M , KOcmmhkom, a H e c a M O A P y m T B e H O M . y x p n m liaHCTBO m u,pKBeHO ca3Han>e HenpnM eTHo c e yBjiaMM n o 3 M T M B H 3 a M . 0 6 p a 3 y je c e ^ p K B e H H ,
m a ja A a c e y n o T n y H M n p a 3 H M H a . H n p n M e ih o je A a C B a K o c M O J io rn M K a yM ehba y x p n u j-
60 r 0 CJi0 BJby m x p m u t ia H C K o j c}dmjioM3a 3 M B a jy n o * A 0 3 p n B o a h o c n p e M a c e 6 n. 3 B a H H H H O 6 o r o tia H C K O M cocjDMjn ( M y A p o j b y 6 jb y ) y B e K c j io b c k o ca3H aH De n p e T n o c T a B J b a jio je H ayM HM n03MTMBM3aM H M e X 3 H H M K 0 yM e H se o n p n POAH CB3K0M KOCMOJlOrHMKOM m O C H C y . V\3 C T p a x a A a c e C B e T H e o 6 o r o T B o p n , c a r jia c n jih c y c e A a ra n 0T n y H 0 o 6 e 3 6 o w e . Y h o b o se K O B H O M x p m u t ia H C T B y ycT a H O B Jb e H je k o h -
yByneH y xpnm tiaHCTBO n OAaTJie je M orytie p e t in Aa je noHHKao Ha Tjiy xpnm tiaHCTBa: U lecTO A H eB C b . B a cm in ja B ejinK or, TyMaMeH>e Khbnre flocTaH Ka (B n T n ja ), caM c o 6 om npeACTaBJba cBejiMK no3MTHBH3Ma. T o je HaTypajincTHMKa pacnpaBa CBor BpeMeHa, H e m t o y p o A y X e K j ia * 3 a HaynHy paBaH T o r p a 3 A 06 jba. ri03MTHBH3aM M HaTypaJlH38M LUecTOAHeBa C b . B a cm in ja BejiMKor noce6HO naAa y ohm ano ce y n o p e A n ca M y s te riu m m a gn u m J. E e M e a , K o je je Tanotie TyManeHbe KHaMre Ilo cTa H K a . H oa C b . B a cm in ja BejinK o r HatiM tie M O o rm c H O 3 H a H .e
0 je c T a c T B y
(npnpoAn), koa J. E e M e a
rHOCMC.
K0 CM0ji 0 rnMKM
[6 1 ]
1 B ma.m E. de
Faye, Gnostiques
et gnosticisme*
Ajim, m o c n c J . BeM ea He n p ii3 H a je c e 3a upHBeHO ca3Hahbe. C i a p n j e 3Hahbe 6pM caHO je y caBpeMeHOM x p w u f ia H C T B y m caBpeM eHOj Haym4. y TOMe c y ok^jitm ctm y n p a B y . Hano pa 3 yMeTM o a h o c M3 M et]y mocTMUM 3wa n am ocTMUH3M a y xpMLufiaHCKOM ca3Hahby? M flo ca fla c y y xpMiutiaHCKOM ca3HaH>y Hepa3jaw hbeHM n ocjie A H > M m cxoam cnopa mOCTMM,M3Ma M a m O C T M 4 M 3 M a . BaHMHHO B/ia,najytia T e o / io m ja n o p M M e m m o c T M U M 3 a M m a m o cT M i4 M 3 a M m noHyiuaBa A a c e y T B p A M y cpeAH>oj o 6jiacTM . Ajim , y c p e flh b e M , M e tiy np ocT o pH O M n o A p y M jy , H e M o r y t ie je A y r o ce 3aflp m aT M . U p K B e H O A o rM a T M H K O c a 3 H a H>e M 3 rp a tjM B a ^ o c e y 6 o p 6 M c m ocTM U,M 3mom. TMMe c e M 3y3eTHO m h o t o o A p e A H Jio yHanpeA. n p o TM B m o cTM U M 3 a M je y M 3 B e c H 0 M cM nc;iy n o c T a o 6 e 3 m 0 C T M H H 0 C T . flo 3 H a H je TajHM KO CM M M KO r W M BO Ta 6 MJ10 je 3aK O H e H O U,pHBeHMM C a 3 H a H je M . A o rM a T M H K M p a A yHMTe/ba U p K B e m B a ce / b e H C K M X c a 6 o p a HMje 6mo m o c M C , y HbeMy c y c e M3rpatjMBa/ia c p o HeHaa ( f lo y K e ) 3a H o p M a / ia H p e jiM m o 3 H M o n n T m Ta c e M 3 p a fla 3 a B p m a B a j ia n y T e M o n o B p r a Ban>a JiawHMX yHehba. Y u.pKBeHOM c a 3 H a ib y c rHOCMCOM c e w e c TO K O noBe3M Bajia m ckpm bjbeHOCT p e j iM m o 3 H o r on M T a , / ia w H O M M e H y jy tie 3Hahbe. X p M m t ia H C K a je U p K B a , n p e CB era, n o c T a B M jia c e 6 M 3 a A a T a K p,a OAeJiM HORena o a n p M p o A e m p,a r a o c j i o 6 oam bjibctm CTMXMja M A e M O H a . U p K B e H M amOCTMU,M3aM je 6mo 3amTMTa JbyACKor A y x a o a bjibctm npnpOAHMX CTMXMja M A O M O Ha, OA KOCMMHKe 6ecHOHaHHOCTM mTO c e rp o 3 e A a n p o ry T a jy HOBena. T o je 6 o p 6 a 3a HOBeKa, 3a H>eroB 06 pa3 m jimk, 3a c jio 6 o A y HberoBor A y x a . E to 3aiUT0 c e He CMe npe3pMBO oahocmtm n p e M a u,pHBeHOM amocTMu,M3My m TMMe ra Jiano a o boamtm y nMTahbe
H>eroB c M M c a o .
jbM c y U,pKBe, H a K p a j y K p a je B a , 6 mjim HenpaBeAHM n p e M a m o c TM U M M a m M3onanaBajim c y mx. BajieHTMH je 6 mo reHMjajiaH MOBen, a t o j e y 0 HJbMB0 m n o KpajH>e npMCTpacHOM M3JiaraHjy C b . M p e H e ja JlMOHCKor. Ajim h o a I HOCTMKa HOBeK HMje 6 mO 0 CJ1060 tieH BJiaCTM KOCMMMKe X M jepapxM je A y x o B a m AeM OH a, o c T a ja o j e 3 a T B o p e H y M a m jM ; h>mxobo oa~ Homen>e n p e M a k o c m o c ^ o c T a ja jio je m h o t o 6ohomko.
n o cym TacTBy mocTMu,M HMcy 6mjim xpMmtiaHCKM jepeTM U M ; ohm c y 6 mjim m h o t o 6ow aH KM MyApau,M, npMMajytiM y c a c p a c T a H>y m c a c T o jn e x pM m tiaHCKe M yA p o cTM . A jim OHM HMK3A HMCy npMCBOJMJlM O C H O B H y TajH'/ xp M m tia HCTBa , T a jH y H O B e n o B o r MCKynjbeH>a, T a j H y n p e o 6 p a m a B a H b a HMme n p M p o A e y bmmy.
HymHO je Aa c e p a 3yMe
mmpm ca
Up K Be H O
ce
ca3HaFbe Jia n m e
CBeToy3peH>e mocTMKa y cymTacTBy ocTaje CTaTMHHO, ohm He pa3yMeBajy xpMmtiaHckm AHHaMM3aM. Koa HaMx je Morytie npoHatiM 3aneTKe eB0JiyuM0 H0 r yMen>a, to cy mcTopMjcKe enoxe m nepMOAM. Hoa HjMX je to BeoMa BpeAHO, npeMAa to HMje xpMmtiaHckm AMHaMM3aM kojm yHM npeocymTacTBJbehby, npeo 6 pawajy HMme npMpoAe y BMmy. V KOCMMHKMM npOL^eCMMa 3a mOCTMKe je toH y o m apo 6 mo ce o6pa3 Bora m o6pa3 MOBena. Hocmoc, y cbom 6 ecKOHaMHO cjiomeHOM XMjepapxMHHOM ycTpojy, y cBojMM 6 ecKOHanhmm HeMepjbMBo AyrMM BpeMeHMMa, a^bmo je He caMo MOBena, Beti m Bora. IIpotmb Tanne BpcTe mocTMUM3Ma ycTajio je upKBeHo ca3Han>e y MMe Bowje m y MMe MOBena, HMje ce camamaBajio ca npeAaBahbeM MOBena paCTp3aBaHjy kocmmhkmm CMjiaMa. AyxoBHO ocjio 6 ofjeH>e oa BJiacTM kocmmmkmx cMjia nocTajio je o 6 ejiewja upKBeHor ca3HaH>a m UPKBeHor onMTa. fl,a 6 m ce pa3yMejia TajHa npeo 6 pawaja HMmer y BMme, HymHO je p,a ce HOBeK ocjio 6 oam npMTMCKa kocmmhhot 3anoHa. H aok HOBeK AyxoBHo HMje CTao Ha Hore, AOK HMje OHBpCHyO y CBO JO j CaMOCTaJlHOCTM M He33BMCHOCTM OA npMpOAHe CTMXMje, AOK HMje cjeAMHMo C B o jy AyxoBHy npMpoAy c BoroM, upBKeHO je ca3aHahbe n o c T a B M J i o rpaHMne mocTMMKOM npM6jiMwaBaHjy HOBena T a jHaMa KOCMMHKOT WMBOTa. THOCTMUM3aM je 3acH0Ba0 ropAOCT 3a nHeyMaTMKe (AyxoBHbaHe) m HbMXOBO caMonpey3HomeH3e HaA ncM-
[6 2 ]
xi4LiH M a ( A y m e 6 p n r a j y t in M ) m njiO TCKM M (T e /io3 Ha/mMMa), a/iM HMje Hamao n yTe B e OAyxoB^.aBaHja A y m e m ruioTM H .xoBor n p e o 6 pam eFb a m n p M H o m e h b a H y T p n H ii A y x a . K a o noc/ieAM U,a u p K B e H o r arH O C T m i.M SM a y y M C T B e H o j m ctopmjm M O BeM aH C TB a n o j a B n o c e pa3BM T3K no3HTM BHe H ayKe, n p n p o A O c/iOB/ba m T e xH M K e , M e x a H H 3 a i4 M ja n p n p o A e n M e x a H M M K o yMei-be o n p n p o A M . X p n m f ia H c t b o je o c ; i o 6 oam /io y M O B e K y cn/ie T a K B o r p o A a , KO je c y n o c / ie y c T a / ie n p o T M B c a M o r x p n m fia H C T B a . T a K B a je Tp arM M H a c y A 6 n H a M O BeK a. / b y A M u p K B e H o r ca 3 H a h b a jo m y B e K n p e T n o c T a B / b a jy n o3W T M B H y M e x a H M K y m c}dm3M Ky, y K o jo j H e B M A e H M K 3 K B y o n a c H O C T n o X p M m fia H C T B O , rHOCTMHKOj KOCMO/lOrMjM, C M a T p a jy fiM je c y n a p H M H K O M x p M m fia H C T B y . A/im B e 3 a x p M m fia H C T B a c M e xa H M M K M M c x B a T a H>eM n p M p o A e H e M a H aM e/iH or 3 H a n a ja . Hmo t k y a H e c/ieAM A a x p M m fia H C T B O y n o M e /iy H e A o n y m T a th o c m c , H e T p n M no3Hart>a k o c mmmkmx TajHM. T o a o K p a ja HMje 3 aK /b yM e H 0 y A o rM a T M M K O M c a 3 H a h b y M p K B e . K/iM M eH T A / ie K c a H A P M jc K M m O p M r e H 6 m/im c y x p M m fiaH C KM m ocTMU,M. M c t o je M o r y f ie p efiM m 3a C b . P p M ro p M ja H M C K o r m C b . M a K C M M a M c n o B e A H M K a . M x p M m fia H C K M je m o c M c HaMe/ih o M o ry t i. X p M m fia H C T B o H e M o m e fl,a flonyctm n o B p a T a K Ha M H 0r 060 w a M K 0 p a 3 y M e B a hbe n p M p o A e , Ae M O H O / ia T p M jy, M a r M jc n y B/iacT H a A /byA C K M M A y x o M , p a c T p 3 a B a H a e H O B e M je r n m a ctmxmJhmm A y c M M a n p M p o A e . A/im m 3 a x p M m fia H C K O ca 3 H a rt.e n p M p o A a je W M Ba, a He M p T B a . PeneHO je: 6 y A M T e M y A p M K a o 3 M M je m k p o tk m K a o ro / iy 6 oBM . T M M e c e 3acHMBa 3 M M jc K a M y A p o c T , m 0 CMC. M Ta 3 M M jc K a M y A P O C T n 0T n y H 0 je c n o jM B a c n p o c T O T O M cpu,a. X p M m fia H C T B O nopMHe A a M O BeK M o m e A a n p M fje B o r y m B o m jM M TajH a M a n y T e M H e n p e c T a H o r m e B 0/iyu,M0 H 0 r MM m /beHja; oho n p M 3 H a je A a Ha n y T e B M M a 6 o ro n o 3 H a H > a mobck n p e w M B / b a B a A y x o B H y KaTacTpoc}3y K o ja MeH>a H se roB O c a 3 H a H .e m M M m /beH ie, n p e n sM B / b a B a on M T B e p e y k o je M c e o 6/iM Kyje C B e T hcbm am m m x cT B a p M . H o , n o c / ie o n M T a B e p e O T K pM Ba ce M o ry f ih o c t 3HaH>a. Bepa H e n o p M M e th o c m c ; Bepa y A y x 0 BH 0 M o n M T y pacKpMBa n y T 3 a thocmc. T o nMTaH>e 3a H a c He CTojM c a c B M M t b k o k 3 k o c e oho n o c T a B M / io y 3 BaHMMH0 B/iaAajyfieM KaTO/iMHaHCKOM ca3Han.y. O b o ca3Hatt>e 3ac-
HM Ba t o A a c e B o r He n o 3 Haje c a M O n yTeM
O b o o 6 ecno H ojaB ajyfie yTeMe/baBahbe Koje o c y t}y je 4)MAeM3aM, noje o c y t)y je TanBe KaTO/iMMKe MMC/iMO^e KanaB je >+!. Re M e c T p , KojM je 6 mo Mpau,MOHa/iMCTa, nojaMaBa y u ;p K B eH O M ca3H art.y pauMOHa/iMCTMMHn
HaTypa/iM3aM, MMm/beH>e o B o ry y pau,MOHa/iHO-HaTypa/iMCTMMKMM KaTeropMjaMa. Ta n o ce 3a o6aBe3Hy npM3Haje HaTypa/iMCTMMKa Teojio m ja . IlpaBOc/iaBHOM je ca3HaH.y TanBO nocTaB/baH>e nMTan.a Tytie m o h o He no3Haje o 6 aBe3H0CT pai4MOHa/lHe AOKTpMHe, C/IMMHO TOMM3My. Ta j pau,MOHa/iMCTMMKM HaTypa/iM3aM je c T e n o p o A arH0CTMi4M3Ma m ynpaB/beH je npoTMB CBanor m ocM ca. B or m TajHa 6 owaHCHor WMBOTa a o npaja c y Heyno3HaBaHM, a/iM y npMpoAM, y cTBapaH>y, M oryfie je pau,nOHa/lHO-HaTypa/lMCTMMHMM H3M M H0M A 0 6 MTH AOK33 6 MTMja (o n c Ta H n a ) B o m je r, M oryfie je n p M p o A o 6 o r o n o 3 H a H > e M M 3 M e t iy B e p e m 3HaH>a, pe/iMmje m Hayne t o a o 3 H 3tm o B ory.
Ta
3A y m H O C T
M3 M e f j y
HaAnpMpOAHor
H>e. H a npaB 0 c/iaBH0 M H c T o n y HMje c e A e CM/ia T 3 K O w e c T o n a M M c a o H a rp a A H b a na H B a je npoM CTen/ia Ha KaTO/iMMaHCHOM 3anaAYFlpaBOC/iaB HM H C T O K HM je M 3p aAM O T 3 M H y M
2 Bmam HH>nry fln-npe/ia Die Magic als Naturvvissenschaft; oh je oflflyMo 3aH/byMno Aa ce Hayna poAn/ia M3 Marnje. 3 HapoHmo y u jk o Opojfla, Kya vt BoAyeHa.
cmc npe M ow e fl,a ce pa3BMje Ha a yxob h om T e M e ^ y npaBOCJiaBJba Hero/in Ha a yxo b h o m TeMe^>y HaTO/iMHaHCTBa. O TOMe CBeAone pycKe pejiMmjcHO-4)MJiococ|)CKe TeKOBHHe. XpnLutiaHCKM amocTHUM3aM, Kojn n oTn yho ocTaje m HaK ce nojanaBa y KaTO/iMHaHCKOM pai4HOHaflH3My, MM30 je CBOj CMMCaO n cBOje onpaBflaHDe. Ajim y xpMiiitiaHCTBy mory fla Ha cTyn e BpeMeHa, KaA 6 m Beti T p e 6 ao Aa ce 3aBpmM, npeMAa oh Aejiyje onacHO. Taj xpMLutiaHCKM amocTMU,M3aM 3acHMBa Be/im km nparMaTM3aM He3HaHba. H yw H O je fla ce M0rytiH 0CT no3Hahba m npMjeMHMBOCT HOBeKa orpaHMHM, KaKO HOBeK He 6 m 6 mo orjiyBJbeH kocmmhkmm r p 0 M0 M m ocjienjbeH kocmmhkmm CBeuioM. Mm cmo 3aujTMfieHM A e 6 eji 0 K0 mHOLutiy, HeoceTJbMBomtiy, 0flc yc TB 0 M cp e A daB a 3a npMMan>e 0 H 0 ra uito je 3a Hac onacho, 3a u n a A y x 0BH0 hmcmo ca3pejiM. H e3HaHbe Tanotie M o w e Aa 6 y A e 3auiTMTa nao m 3HaHje. A k o 6 mcmo y CBeTy MorjiM a ^ ybmamMO M Ca3HaMO TO LUTO He BMAMMO M He 3Hamo, TaAa t o He 6 mcmo M3APHHajiM, 6 mjim 6 mcmo p acTpm yTM cTMXMjaMa CBeTa. JacHOBMtie^ e (bmaobmtoct) je onacHO, oho je AOCTyriho TeK HeKOJiMU,MHM m npeTnocTaBJba BejiMKy AyxoBHy npMnpeMJbeHOCT. HoBeK He 6 m M3Apwao ano 6 m BMAeo a y p y JbyAM KojM ra okpywyjy. Ajim, Mory f la HacTyne BpeMeHa KaAa tie He3HaHie nocTaTM onacHMje o a 3HaHja, Ae6eji 0 K0w a ujTB 0 onacHMje o a o c e m M B e CBenpMjeMHMBOCTM. riparMaTMCTMHKM CMMCaO He3HaH.a Mome Aa M3ry6M CBoje 3Haneibe. !/! TaAa tie nparMaTM3aM 3Haiba TpamMTM CBoja npaBa. 3Han>e je HywHO Aa 6 m ce 3aiuTMTMm o fl HenpMjaTeJbCKMx CMJia CBeTa. H y w H O je He caMO MexaHMHKO 3Haibe npMpoAe, Koje Hac HaopymaBa TexHMKOM, Beti m 3HaH>e yH yTpaiiJH>er mMBOTa KOCMoca, yHyTpauiHDer y c TpojcTBa CBeTa. 3 a t o 3Han>e HOBeK 6 m M opao Aa 6 yAe Ayx 0 BH0 ojanaH, Aym aH Aa n o c e A y je yM Xpmctob, a He npMpoAHM pauMOHajiHM yM, o KojeM roBopM BaTMKaHCKM c a 6 op, Hero vm npocBem eH M . Ta A a HOBeKy He np e Te o n a choctm Aa 6 y A e pacTp3aBaH kocmmhkmm ctmxnjaMa, Aa naAHe noA BjiacT AGMOHa. XpmijlifiaHCKM je m ocM C TanaB Aa ce 3 acHMBa na Ao 6 MjaH>y XpMCT 0 B0 r vM a. Ha 60 r 0 JbyACK 0 M no3Han>y y XpM CTy m Kpo3 XpMCTa. 1 / 1 mm ce HaAaMO MoryfiCTBy TaKBor no3Haiba. Jlam H o-
MMeHOBaHM
thocm c
M o ry f ie j e no6eAMTM c a -
MO MCTMHMTMM mOCMCOM, THOCMCOM XpMCTObmm. T o M e Hac y n e xpMmfiaHCKM mmctmu,m. H a c T y n a j y B p e M e H a K a ^ a H e o n p e A e j b e H a HayHa BMLue Hefie 6 mtm M o ry fia , K a ^ a fie Hayna 6 mtm mjim xpMiufiaHCKa mjim i4pHOMamjcKa. y Teococt)MjM nocTOjM npaBM 3aAaTaK, m n a p n a A HeKMX apobhm x 3Hart>a. O H a je noBe3aHa c okyjitm3mom. OKy/iTM3aM HMje TeK caBpeM eHa MOAa, Befi npeACTaBJba BeoMa ApeBHO npeAaHje, Koje ce npoBJiaHM Kpo3 CBy MCTopMjy ^ y A C K o r A yx a . y TaK03BaHMM OKyjiTHMM HayKaMa He CTojM f la je 6 aui cBe HaAPMyneH 0 CT. nocTojM o 6 jia c T 0 KyjiTH 0 r, nocTojM M am ja , Kao CTBapHa CMJia y npMpoAhom C BeTy. 1 / 1 y HOBeKy m y HOCMOcy n o cTo je OKyjiTHe, cnpMBeHe CM/ie, Koje HayKa j'olu HMje npoynMjia. M caBpeM eHa Hayna tokom nocjieAHjMx Aeu,eHMja lumpm ce npeMa M3yHaBaiby OKyjiTHMx nojaBa y HOBeKy m npMpoAM. C B e ce BMLue lumpm o 6 jia cT noAca3HajHor, Kojy c y apgbhm jbyAM no3HaBajiM, ajiM Koja je 3aKpMBeHa 3a hobo HOBenaHCTBO. H a yna noHMhbe Aa y CBojy o 6 jia cT yBOAM bojiiue 6 He nojaBe Koje c y A y ro BpeMeHa CMaTpaH e ocTau,MMa c y je B e p ja m mcxoaom HaApMHayHH 0 CTM. A M -flp e ji, npeACTaBHMK HaynHor OKyjiTM3Ma, Befi je OAaBHO 3aKJbyHMO, Aa Hayna HeM36emHO T p e 6 a fla ce BpaTM cbojMM MamjcKMM MCTMHaMa, fla M am ja m je c Te HeM3BecHO npMpoAocjiOBJbe .2 riojaB e Kao lu to c y TejienaTM ja, jacHOBMtjeHje, hlmbothm MameTM3aM, coMHa6yjiM3aM, MaTepMjajiM3ai^Mja, mta., HMHe npeA M eTe HayHHor MCTpamMBahba. H a yn a je npMHyt)eHa Aa npM3Ha HMH>eHMue Koje je paHMje nopMi4 ,ajia. A p y u Jtb o 3a AyLueBHa MCTpamMBaifaa y EH rjiecnoj Befi ce OAaBHO 3aHMMa HMi-beHMi^aMa TaHBe B pcTe. M H o ro 3HanajHor c y y tom cM epy yHMHMJiM ncMXMjaTpM m Heyp0naT0Ji03M .8 3 B a hmhho je 3aBjiaAajia TaHKa nocMaTpaHba Koja je nooraBMJia HenpeBa3Mjia3He rpaHMLi,e 3HaH>y m Befi yH a n p eA onpeAeJbMBajia Aa oho u jto He Mome Aa 6 y A e A o 6 MBeHO y npoBepM, T p e 6 a Aa ce pyuiM m M3o6jiMHaBa 36or H>eroBor A orM aTCK or m c yje B e p H o r 3Hanaja. Mm c a ^ a npM3HajeMO 6e3rpaHMHHOCT onMTa m BMiue He BepyjeM o y 3aTBapaH>a pauMOHajiMCTMHKor eMriMpM3Ma. l/lcKycTBeHo cmo ce 3aTB opnjiii 3a npMMaH>e n e jio r p o ^ a OKyjiTHMX
n o ja B a n p M p o A e , n o j e c y 6Mjie npMMaHe y pa-
[64]
hmj'mm B p e M e H M M a , K a ^ a ca 3 H a rt.e HM je 6 mjio TaKO n p n r y iu e H O pau,M OHajiMCTHHHHM o rp a H M neH sM M a. H a y K a je n p M H y t]e H a fl,a C B o je rp a HHLi,e p a m n p n flo 6 e c K 0 H aM H 0 CTH n M C T p a w y je C B e n o ja B e , n p e M A a 6 n c e O H e 3 a HdY n o n a 3 a jie H e y o 6 M H a je H M M ( OKy/iTHMM, m T a B n iiie H yfle c H M M . r i p n p o A a C B e T a n n p n p o A a HO BeKa 6 e cK O H aM H O je 6 o r a T n ja c n / ia M a H e r o lu t o t o c e 6 n 3a M n iu ib a H ayH H O c a 3 H aH je p a s flodjha n p o cB e T H T e / b C T B a . 0 6 / ia c T n p e f lc a 3 H a m n B o r KOH aH HO je yiu/ia y n o A p y n j a HayH H n x M CTpam nBahba. A t o n o A p y n je n p e A CTaB/ba 6 e 3 fla H M M 3 B o p . C B e je / byflC K o t b o paiU T BO n 0 B e 3 a H 0 c a n p e flca 3 H a T / b H B M M . P a 3 BOj H a y K e y to m n p aB U ,y A o n a 3y je m ho ro m Ta u jt o c e Beti 3aK/byHM/io y H a c/ ie tiy 0 Ky/iTH nx H a y K a . H a y K a c e p o fln / ia M3 n p B O 6 n T H e M a r n je . A/im, M a m j a c e HMje a o K p a ja p a c T B o p M / ia y Hayu,n. O H a je MMa/ia m c o n C T B e H y n o fle / b e H y /iMHMjy p a 3 B o ja . n o c T O jM He c a M o M a rM ja AM B/baKa, Beti m M a m j a 14 MBM /iM 30BaHM x /byAM. T a je /iMHMja dm a y n o p e flH a /lMHMjM p a 3 B M T K a H a y K e . C a M o , HaC T y n a T p e H K a ^ a c e Te y n o p e f lH e /imhmje c y c p e t i y m o n e T c e H a y n a H a c b o m BpxyHi.i,y c je flM h b yje c M a m j o M . M m n p M c y c T B y je M O t o m n p o u e c y . rio n y / ia p H O C T o k y / ith m x m T e o coc}3ckmx T e K O B M H a c a M O je ib e r o B n p e T e n a . O K y/ iT M 3 a M , K a o n p o u iM p e H ie 06 /iacTM 3H aH .a o C B e T y m H O B e K y, y n o n e / iy H e n p o T M B p e H M xp M U itia H C T B y, K a o u jt o xp M U jtia H C T B o y o n u iT e H e n p o T M B p e H M 3 H a H iy, H a y u M . O h HMje ja n e y c n p o T M B / b e H H e r o lu t o c y t o c})M3MKa m/im n c M x o / io m ja . A/im 0 Ky/iTM 3a M c e Hane/ih o c y K o 6/baBa c xp M Lu tia H C T B O M m cb 3k m n y T K a ^ a M C T yn a c a p e / iM m o 3 H M M n p e T e H 3 M j'a M a fla c o 6 om O A M e H M p e / iM m jy, K a fla me/iM fla C 060 M 3 3 M e H M XpM U lfiaH C TB O , M 3 8 3M B a OLi!T a p O f lr o B o p ofl, c T p a H e x p M L u tia H C K o r c a 3 HaH>a. 0 K y / iT M 3 a M je, K a o p e / iM m ja , c y n p o T cTaB/beH xp M Lutia H C T B y, o h je p e / iM m ja P M TM 33M , KojM Mom e
3Hahba. O K y/ iT H a 3H ahba n p o y n a B a j y c a M o C K p M B e H e CM/ie n p M p o A e , a/iM H e p e iu a B a jy n o c / ie A H ja nMTaHba 6 MTMja. O n a c H e C TpaH e O Ky/iTM 3M a kojm n p e c T y n a C BO je rp a H n u e , MM B M A M M O y TeOCOcjDCKMM nO C M aTp aFb M M a k o c m m h k o t HiMBOTa. Teococ}3M ja M c e u a HOBeK a m k o c m o c , p a 3 / ia m e C B a K y o p r a H C K y ue/ io c h o c t m n o c M a T p a T p y n / io c T (/ieuj) C B e ia . T o HMje w m b o c a o rjie A a B a H b e m w m b o 3 Hahbe. H-Im bot y M M p e o a A O A n p a T e ococfra m OKy/iTMCTa, K o jn H a c T o je A a n o 3 H a j y noc/ieAH >e TajH e . O h m B M A e K O M a A M ti 6 MTMja (cyu jT a cTBO BaH >a), a/iM mm HMje A a T O A a B M A e H>er o B e u e / io c H e /lMHOBe (M A e je ). TeococJ)M ja n o / ia w e n p a B o H a B e o M a l u h p o n e C M H Te3e, a H>eHa je n p e A H O C T y C T B a p n aHa/lMTMHHOCT, aHaTOM M HHOCT, OHa p a3 A H p e w m bo T K a H ie C B e T C K o r Te/ia m TaKO ra n p M n p e M a . T o M e 0A r 0 B a p a KpajH>M c x e M a T n 3 a M Teococ|DCKor yH en>a. Y tmm c x e M a M a , K o je je H y w H O HayHMTM H a n a M e T , n o c T o jn je 3 M B 0 MpTBM/ 10. TeococjDM ja A a j e cxe M 3 T M H He u p T e n t e T p yn / ia c B e T a , y K O je M je c B e p a 3 r/ io 6 / b e H o Ha c a c T a B H e A e / io B e . T a jH e c/iaraH sa tm x c a c T a B H M x A e ^ O B a y w m b o Te/10, y L^e/iOBHTOCT o p ra H M 3 M a O H a He 3Ha. TeococjDM ja HMje c n o j p e / iM m je , c|dm/ioco4dmje m H a y K e , Beti H>MxoBa M e u ia B M H a , y k o joj H e M a hm n p a B e p e / iM m je , hm n p a B e cJjm/iococ}DMje, hm n p a B e H a y n e . 0 K y / iT M 3 a M y ue/iMHM T p e 6 a A a c e o a h ocm H a n o A p y n j e H a y n e K o ja n p o iU M p y je C B o ja M C T p a w M B an > a . A/im p e / iM m ja hm y k om c / iy n a jy H e M o w e A a 33bmcm o a H>era. H c tm h c k m xpM LutiaH C KM th o c m c n p e T n o c T a B Jha y T e M e / b e H e pe/iM TM 03He n o n e T K e , o h u p n e C B o jy cM /iy M3 0T K p 0 BeH>a A y x o B H o r c b o Ta m 3aM C T a cje A M H > yje n 060 H{H 0 CT, M y A p o /by 6 a B m H a y K y , H e AeJietiM B e p y y 33bm ch o c tm o a /ia>KHe H a y K e , o a ziam H O H aM M eH O B a H o r 3HaH>a. C a 3 H a n > e /im hhoctm M o w e , a m A y w H O je , A a 6 y A e pauJM p eH O . M to m paujM p e H O M , y c e 6 M H M H ytie M c a 3 H a n > y /im hhoctm 0A r 0 B a p a t ie m A P y ra H M je p a 3 y M e B a n > e npM p o A e . O H a tie n p e c T a T M A a c e n p M X B a T a K a o n p yT a m 3 aT B o p eH a . Y 3 to , 3acH M Ban>e k o cm m hhoctm ca 3 H a H >a M M a c B o j e o n a c H e c T p a n e . P a 3 M M uaH >e /im hhoctm a o o 6 M M a k o c m o ca M ow e Aa AOBeAe a o no KOCM MHKOj JIMHHOCTM
06-
p a T H a ofl xp M U itia H C K e . M c t o B a w n m 3 a c n n -
fla 6 y f le H a y H H o mc-
Hauja
x p M C T o / io m ja m H a u ie p a 3 y M e B a H je HO BeKO B o r n o 3 H B a He M o r y A a 3 a B M c e o a OKy/iTHMX
[65]
4 y4eH>e o
XpmutiaHCKO ca3HaH>e M ow e Aa AonycTM camo TanaB p o A kocmhm kot m o c n c a , y KOMe tie npnpofla /imhhoctm Aa ocTaH e jacH a, HenoMytieHa, HepacTBopeHa y kocmmhkmm ctmxnjaMa. 3 a ro H e TK a m o c n c a flBoceK/ia je y
xpmutiaHCKOM ca3Hahby. HepacKpnBeHOCT,
je yBMt)aTM A y x y n p M p o A M
xy. y
jeKTMBHO, y A y x 0 BH0 M
MaTepMja/iHO, y
3anpeTaHOCT m o c n c a y xpmutiaHCKOM ca3naH>y A a j e n p e f lH o c T zia^KHOHanMeHOBaHOM m o c n c y , pat^a TeococtDCKO yneH>e, y KOjeM ce 0Ae/beHe ncTM He jia m H O c n a j a j y . A n n jia niHoj
TeOCOCjDMjM Hy>KHO je npOTMBCTaB/baTM MCTMHc y xpm utiaHCKy Teococ|3Mjy. OKy/iTM3aM je y npaBy K a^a y npnpofln He bham MexaHM3aM Beti x n je p a p x n jy A y x o Ba. O h je TaKotje y npaBy Ha^a n o p n n e n p n pOAH>aUiTBO, 3aTB0peH0CT m npeKpnBeHOCT Harner cBeTCK or eoHa. MnaK, He n o c To je ouiTpe rp aH nne Koje Ae/ie Ham eoH o a 0 H0 ra luto je 6mjio npe Hbera, lu to tie 6mtm n o cjie H>era m u jto ce Hajia3M yH yTa p hbera. Y 30pn cBeTCKor mnBOTa npMpoAa jorn HMje 6 MJia Tano MaTepMjajiM30BaHa, TaKO OTBpA/ia, nao y pa3BMTKy a o HauiMX AaHa. O KyjiTH a npeAaH>a roBope o Toj npenjiaBJbeHOCTM cBeTa m y H>oj cKpMBeHMM cyiuTMHaMa, Koje je Hauie pe/iMmjcKO m Hay4H0 ca3Han>e 3a6opaBM/io. Y noneTKy cBeTCKor w m bot3 ca3HaH>e MOBewa 6m/io je cahbapcKO, cHOBMAetie, m3lutobmto. Tom CTan>y c a 3 HaH>a 0A r 0 Bapa O AcycTBO 0LiiTpMx rpaHMua M3Metiy H am er m ApyrMX CBeTOBa. O tb p a / io c t TBapHe npMpoAe y Haiue AaHe CBeTOBan>a HMje noc/ieAHDa mctmh3 o npMpoAH- C a A a HOBena 3 a cTp a m yje mptbm MexaHM33M. 0Ky/lTM33M Ce Kpetie ZiahKHMM nyieBMMa y caor/ieAaBan>y mMBe, 0A y x 0 TB 0 peHe npMpOAe, a/iM oh TanHO nooraB/ba caM npo6 /ieM. Om/io3o4dm npMpoAe m TeococjDM pa3Ao6/ba peH ecaH ce Aa/ieKO c y npMMepeHnje npM/ia3M/iM TajHaMa npMpoAe Hero /byAM caAamhbM. J. BeMe j e p a 3yM eBao TajH y HOCMOca, Kao OHy KOja npoTMne y KaTeropMjaMa A o 6 pa m 3/ia, rpexa m MCKyn/beH>a, TaMe m cBeT/ia, Tj. y KaTeropMjaMa A yx o B H o r mnBOTa. n o tom j e n y Ty Mmao m flapaue/i3yc, koa Kora j e M orytie HatiM m hoto A y 6 oKor. 1 / 1 3a Hac je yM HoroM e H yw Ho Aa ce o a h>mx yMMMo. Teoco4>Mja m KOCMo/iomja Flapaue/i3yca m J. BeMea 6 ecKpajHO c y y3BMLUMHMje o a TeococjDMje. A . B e 3 aH m P. lilT a jHepa. K ocm oc j e M orytie npMMaTM caMO Kao AyxoBHy ue/iocpac/iocT (opraHM3aM). H ym H o
aHTpOnO/lOTMMKOM ---- KOCMMHKO. KOCMO/lOrMja je y B e K d m a o c H M B a H a Ha n p o 3 p e n > y yH yT p am h b e je A H a M M H e A y x a m n p M p o A e , T j . pa3 y M e B a n > a n p M p o A e K a o jaB/ban>a A y x a . yM e H > e o CocjDMjM ( r ip e M y A p o c T M ) y p y c K o j p e / iM m o 3 H o j mmc/im m je c T e je A a H o a n o K y m a ja A a c e x p M m tia H C T B o BpaTM kocmmmk o m ca3H aH =y, A a c e y X p M C T y A a M e c T a ko CM O /lO m jM M KOCMOCO(|)MjM. CO{jDMjaHCTBO M M a 3H a H e Lb e yKa 3 M B a H > a , o h o je n o K y m a j n p e B / ia A a B a H > a u p K B e H o r n o 3M T M BM 3M a. T o je je A a H o a M 3 p a 3 a x p M m tia H C K o r n/iaTOHM3M a , y H e A p e n > e y u p K B e H O ca 3 H a H >e n/iaTOh m h k o t c B e T a M A e ja, n/iaTO H M H Kor yneH >a o C B e T C K o j A y m M , n/iaT 0 HMHK 0 r p e a / iM 3 M a (c a M e cT B a p M ), K a o n p o T M B 3 a c H M B a n > a hom m h3/im ctm hkom M 3 p otjaB a H > y x p M m tia H C T B a . C a ^ a je H y w H O A a c e n p M 3 H a A a u p K B e H O ca3H aH >e y CBOjM M B /iaA ajytiM M , 3BaH M H H M M B M A O B M M a H e B e p y j e y p e a / iH o c T K O C M O ca , A a c B e T r/ ie A a m c to K a K o ra r/ ie A a n o 3 MTMBM 3 a M m A a n p e T n o c T a B / b a M opa/iM CTM M Ko T yM a n e H > e x p M m tia H C T B a . T m m c a 3 H a H > e M n 0T n y H 0 je n p e n p M B e H a KO C M M H Ka n p M p o ^ a u,pKBe, a BMA/bMBa je c a M O H>eHa A P y m T B e H a n p M p o A a . A/im, cocjDMjaHCTBO n p M X B a T a /lMKOBe, y K o jM M a 3 a r o H e T K a K O C M O c a n p eT M A a KOH anh o n p o r y T a C T B a p H O B e K a . C / io 6 o A a m t b o p a H K a A e jc T B e H O C T H O B e K a M iim e 3 a B a jy y c o (jDMjaHCKOM n o A y x B a T y . C p e A M m n > M pe/iMrM03hm n p o 6/ieM H a m e e n o x e je c T e y B e K n p o 6 /ieM H O B e n a , a H e cocjDMje m H e K O C M o c a . CocjDM O/iom ja T p e 6 a A a 6 y A e n o B e 3 a H a c a a H T p o n o / io m K M M n p o 6/ieM O M . M y T O M e Be/imkm yHMTe/b M O K ?e A a 6 y A e J. B e M e . O h 3 a H a m e c a 3 H a h b e M M a BetiM 3 H a n a j H e ro ri/iaTOH. y n e H > e o CocjDMjM J. B e M e a Matt.e je naHTeM CTM H KO , H e r o yHeH>e o CocjDMjM p y ck m x n p a B O C / ia B H M x cocfDMjaHaua. P Io h ob m m o y K p a T K o t o m T o je B e M e Beti p e n a o o y n e H>y O CocjDMjM M CaHM HM M O C B O je M 3BO A e. CocjDMja je A j e B a H O B e n a , A e B C T B e H O C T (Virginitat) H O B e K O B a .4 CocjDMja je B eH H a A e B C T B e H O C T , a He B e H H a m eH C TB eH O C T. M oBeK-MymKOweHCKM, K a A a je y H>eMy H >eroBa AjeBa, K a A a je o h A e B C T B e H , u e / iO M y A p e H , u e / io cT a H . I1aA aH >e H O B e n a M y m K 0w e H C K 0 r je c T e yK/ian>aH>e H > e roB e A j e B e o a H>era.
[6 6 ]
A j e B a je O A /ieTejia Ha H e S o , Ha 3eM/bM c e nojaB M /ia w e H a K o ja y M a T e p n H C T B y n c K y n /byje C B O jy K p n B M i 4y. }+(e H C K a C T n x n ja BeHHO c a 6/iaw HbaBa m n p n T M C K a n 3 M M H y tiy i4e /inH y M y u iK e n p n p o A e , c K o jo M OHa c T p e M M p,a c e cjeA M H M , H M K a fla H e A o 6 nja jy tiM 3aA O BO /beh o c t . H o B e K n o T n a f la n o f l B/iacT p o A O B C K e C T n x n je , noT H m -b aB a ce HaTypa/iH O j HeonxoA h o c t m . H e c T a H a K A j e B e je y je A H O n H e cT a H3K H O B e K O B e C/1060A 6 . U e/IO CHO CT, U.e/10M y A p e H O C T je c T e c/ io 6 o A a . llp n p o A H M , H aTypa/iHH C B e T HMje cocjDnjaH, H n j e A e B C T B e H , y tt>eMy H e u a p y j e n p e M y A p a w e H C K a C T n x n ja . A / ih H e 6 e c K a A j e B a h o h o b o y/ ia 3 n y Taj n p n p o A H M C B eT y /iMKy A j e B e M a p n j e m o a hbe ce y A y x y 3annH >e p O A h o b o t A A a M a , y K o je M n p e M y A p a A e B C T B e H O C T m C B e u j T e h o M a T e p M H C T B O T p e 6 a A a n o 6e A H H 3 A M e H y
Teo-cocj)Mje, K0CM 0-c 0cj)Mje, m aHTpono-cocjjnje. MMCTMKa, OKyjiTM3aM m pejiMTMja ca y H e c TB y jy y JbyACKOM c a 3HaHjy. M m c tm k 8 HenocpeAHO 6 o ro o n u jT e H .e , c a o rjie A a H je Bora m cjeAMhbehbe c BoroM. OKyjiTM 3aM on-
uiTehbe ca ckpmbohmm cm aua KocMoca m pa3BMT3K. PeJiMrMja cpet]eHo oAHOLueHje HOBena npeMa B o ry m xMjepapXMjcKM npaBMjiaH n y T 6 oroonuiTeHDa. Bojbe oa ApyrMX mocTMKa, J . BeMe cjeAMhbyje y Ce 6 M MMCTMHKe, OKyjlTHe M peJlMTM03He MOMeHTe. 3 6 o r Tora ce hberoB t h o c m c HajBMLLie npM6jiMwaBa m ctmhckom xpMLutiaHCKOM thoCMcy, He rjieAajytiM Ha Hene hberoBe yKjioHe. EcoTepM3aM m eKCOTepM33M H e MCKJbynyjy jeAaH A p o ro r, eKCOTepM3aM T p e 6 a Aa ce pa3yMe M3 A y 6 MHe ecoTepM3Ma.
kocmmhkm T e o c o cj)M ja je pejiM m o3HM cM H K p e T M 3 a M . T e K O B M H e T a K B o r p o ^ a o6m hho M3HMHy y pasA o 6 jb y pejiMmo3HMX K p M 3 a m Tparai-ba. O a jiomum A p e B H M X 3 H a ib a m O KyjiTH M x n p e A a n b a n p e n jiM t iy c e c a c a B p e M e H M M c a 3 H a H je M , ca c a B p e M e H M M H a T y p a jiM 3 M O M m p auM O H ajiM 3mom. H a jB M iu e O A ^ M ja y o 6 p a }K e H o c T T e o c o cfDMje M a H T p 0 n 0 C 0 cj)Mje, H 3 A y B e H O C T 3HahbeM, K o j e r He n o c e A y j y , n o T p e 6 a 3 a n o c e 6hmm n o H a u ia H D e M n p e M a h>mxobmm K ib M ra M a, K o je He cjiMHe A P y m M KhbM raM a, BeHHO 3aK/bynMBaHbe o T O M e A a H e n o c B e t ie H M hmlut3 He M o r y A a p a 3 y M e j y o a T e ococj)C K M X y n e ib a . A y x o B H a H a c T p o je H O C T Teococjaa HMje xpmujtia H C K a , y Hboj je jia m H a HaABM LueH O CT m M3B e LU T a n e H ocT . O H a c a 6j ia w ib a B a 6 p aTC TB O M /byAM m H a p o A a a A a ra He c n p 0 B 0AM. A/im, TaK Be A y x o B H e TeKOBMHe n p e T X O A e cm/ihom p e / iM m 0 3 H 0 M cBeT/iy.
meHCTBeHOCT.
n o u iT O B a H ie CocjDnje H e6ecK e A je B e n o B e 3 y j e c e c riOLUTOBaibeM B o ro M a jK e , A j e B e M a p n j e . O a H^e c e p atia B o r m H o B e n , y KojeM c e np B e H C TB e H O y n c T o p n j n n p n p o A H o r c B e T a jaB/ba n p e B a c x o A H a A e B C T B e h o c t , n p e B a c x o A H a u,e/i0CH0CT, T j. MyuiKOw e H C K O C T /byACKe n p n p o A e . A y u J a je c B e T a m e H C TB e H a , OHa je na/ia, a/in y hboj, Kao m y A y u i n HOBeKa, M o ry t ie je npe3acHHBahbe AeBCTBeHOCTM. A j e B a M a p n j a jaB/ba A e B CT B e H o HaHe/io CB eTCK oj A y u i n . HocMococjDMja m j e c T e no3HaBaH3e A e BCTBeHO CTM C B e rCKe Ayu/e, T j. BeHHe z ie n o T e CB e TCK e A yu/e. CocjDnja je / le n o T a . J l e n o T a j e H e 6 e c K a A j e Ba. O cB e T / ia H O C T m n p e o 6 p a m e h b e T B a p H o r r i p n p o A H o r CB e Ta j e c T e jaB/banbe / l e n o T e . M KaAa Be/iMKa y M e T H O C T n p o H n n e y / ie n o T y KOCMoca, M3a cno/baujhbe HaKa3HOCTM n p n p o A H o r c B e T a o h o car/ie A aB a A e B C T B e H O C T , cocjDnjHOCT CB eTa, B o m j y M A e jy y ibe M y . C o cjDnjHOCT c B e T a no B e 3 a H a je c a cocj)MjHouitiy, A e B C T B e H o iu t iy HOBeKa. C a B p e M e H o p y c K o yneHbe o CocjDnjn Kao Aa He K an o n o p n n e A a je H0B6K c p e A n u i T e CB e Ta , A a j e k o c m o c y ibeMy, t o HMje MyweBHo yneibe, o h o noT -
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Ajim, o a cocjDMjHOCTn HOBeKa, T j. hberoBe o c J1060 fje H 0 CTM OA p tja B e m eHCTBeHOCTM, 33BMcm A a jim tie c B e T 6mtm cocjjMjaH m/im npoTMBcocjDMjan. 3 a A a T a K xpMLutiaHCKor rHOCMca je y 3acHMBahby MAeajiHe paBHOTeme M3Met)y
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[6 7 ]
h B n c n e ji
3a BpeMe paia MMa/iM cmo mhoto BpeMeHa; nnje ce Morjio m atuA, jecTM, OAynnpaTM ce a hm ynecTBOBaTM y jaBHOM wmboty. AecM/io ce Aa caM npeflaBao rpHKM n ziaTMHCKn y Ma/iOM npoBMHu.njcKOM rpafly y Xo/iaHAMjM n A,a caM paflno Ha CBojoj AncepTaunjn. 3 6 o r Tora caM Mopao Aa HMTaM xpnmtiaHCKe oue M 3 Apyror BeKa m /lOB^e Ha jepec k3kbh cy 6m /im MpeHej m TepTy/injaH. 1 / 1 TaAa, y tom Hap0HHT0M CTnu,ajy oko/ihocth Tor BpeMeHa m y tom MOMeHTy Mora wiiBOTa, otkpho caM Aa cy jepeTM^M 6h/im y npaBy. rioeTCKa MMamHaM,nja Ba/ieHTiiHOBa, mocTHKa M3 APyror Bea, HajBetier mocTHKa KOjn je nnaA mnBeo, ocTaBM/ia je noce6HO Ay6oK v TpajaH yTncaK Ha MeHe. OcTa/io je caMo HeKo/inKo cfrparMeHaTa M3 H>eroBMX cnnca, a/in je H3BeiUTaja o r/ieAniiJTMMa H>eroBHx yqeHMKa 6m/io t3ko mhoto Aa je 6m/io npaBO MyneHbe noKymaTn Aa ce peKOHCTpymiie m3bopho yMehbe caMor ynnTe/ba. Obo caM paAno oa 1941. ao 1945 m noc/ie paTa o6jaBno caM jeflaH H/iaHaK o TOMe. 3HaTe u/Ta ce AemaBa y TaKBMM OKO/iHOCTMMa? M/ia^M cTe m naAa no/iownTe jaje Mnc/inTe Aa je to cb ctcko jaje, yKpaTKO, noc/iao caM Konnjy Tor H/ianp.a 0/iAocy XaKC/injy y Ka/incjDopHnjy, Kap/iy BapTy y Ba3e/i n Kap/iy TycTaBy JyH ry y U,npnx. y to BpeMe 6no caM pa30HapaH luto npBa ABojnua Hncy OAroBOpn/in; ca^a caM, HanpoTHB, 3anaHjeH THMe ujto mh je JyH r, y to BpeMe y ceAaMAeceT npBoj, Beti c/iaBaH, oflroBopno /iMHHMM m oxpa6pyjytinM nncmom. Obo je AOBe/io ao no3MBa Ha cnMno3njyM y Ackohm, UJBajiJiapcKa, Ha jeAHy oa T3K03BaHMx EpaH0c-K0Hc}3epeHi4Mja, Koje cy JyHr n HjeroBM yMeHnu,n MMa/in o6nnaj Aa nocetiyjy CBane roAMHe. HapaBHO, npeAaBao caM o Ba/ieHTMHy, JyH r je penao HeKO/iHHO peMM noxBa/ie n 33tmm cy Me cbm 3aBO/ie/in. To je 6m/io 1947. ycKopo noc/ie Tora npomnpmia ce BecT Aa cy y ErnnTy npoHatjeHM mocTMHKH pynonncn Ha KonTCKOM je3HKy. PeneHO je Aa je Met]y HsMMa 6h/io m TaK03B3Ho JeBaHt]e/be ncTMHe Koje cy npeMa jeAHOM upHBeHOM ouy ynoTpe6/baBa/in Ba/ieHTMHu,n. A 6n/io je joui Tora. jeAHor je Aana 4)paHU,ycKH npocjDecop AHpn-LLIap/i flnx, ceAetin y napncKOj noA-
y TpeHy yn ihm/io My ce Aa je to HenaA paHMje n p o H M ia o . K a ^ a ce bo3 3aycTaBM0, OTpnao je KytiM m y3eo jeAHy HKbMry ca n o /lMue. Bm/io jd TaHHo: nyBeHM cjDparMeHTM H cycoBM x M3peHa Ha rpHKOM, HafieHM y OkCMpMHxy 1897. m 1903, noHMi-ba/iM cy mctmm peHMMa. McnocTaBM/io ce Aa ohm npMnaAajy JeBaHtje/by n o Tomm. rio npBM nyT y mctopmj'm M36M/ia je H a BMAe/io, He33BMCHo oa HoBor 3aBeTa, 36Mpna M3pena Harner T o c n o A a . riMX je OBO OTKpMO a HMje MM30 HMK3KBMX M0rytiH0CTM Aa Aotie ao pyKonMca. riMcao mm je, ja caM nMcao JyHry m H>er0B0M acMCTeHTy K. A . Majepy. 3auiTO je 6m/io Tano? y t o B p e M e HM TaBa 3 6 M p n a K o n T C K M x c n M c a , O T K p M B e H a 1945, m n o 3 H aTa n a o Bm6 /iMOTeKa H a r Xauafl\A, M o r/ ia je 6 mtm o 6 jaB/beHa y n 0T n y H 0CTM. f l n p e K T o p y c T a H O B e
E m n a T C K e C T a p M H e , 4 )p a H u ,ycK M c B e u jT e hmk ET je H A p m o t o h H a A r/ ie A a o je u,e/iM n o A y X B 3 T M A M C T p M 6 y M C a O C n M C e C ^p aH U yC K M M n p o y n a B a o u M M a . flo H e T a K je Beti 6 mo yHMH>eH: J+SaH A o p e c m r i a x o p J l a 6 M6 n p M p e A M /im c y m n p eB e / iM B e o M a B a m a H c n M c , A n o npMcjj J o b 3 h o b , kojm je 6 mo u jT a M n a H y H a U M ona/iH oj u iT a M a n p M jM y ria p M 3 y , nojM caM B M A e o c o n c T B e H M M OHM Ma, a/iM kojm n m afla HMje o 6jaB/beH. y E m n T y je M36M/ia peBO /iyUMja, A p m o t o h je M o p a o A a H a n y c T M 3eM /by, A o p e c BMLue HMje M o r a o A a A o 6 Mje n a c o iu , H aK hm o a C B o je B/iaAe, m o b o A p a r o u e H O 6/ iaro H O B e n a H C T B a n a/io je y p y n e Jbyflv\ KOJM 3 aM C T a H M Cy 6 M/1M 3 3 M H T e p e C O B a H M 3 a t o . 3 a K 0 H C K 0 r B/iacH M Ka B e tiM H e ob m x p yK O nM ca y 6 eAM/iM c y A a mx A O H e c e y K o nT C H M M y 3 e j Ha e K c n e p T M 3 y , r ^ e c y 6 m/im ko h 4 )m c KOBaHM (m3 p a 3 / io ra koj'm o c T a je H e n o 3 H a T ) m ocT aB /b e H M y c a H A y n , r ^ e T3KTM c a A P y m M je H 3K caM mx m HaKaC H M je iu a o 1955. H n c y y c n o c T a B / b a H M hm k 3 kbm k o h MCTpaHHMBaHMMa;
68]
JVHKO c y H 6 KM J ty A M 3 a OBO Ma/10 M apli/iM O H n rjie flH o je M3 n ni-b e H M n e A a je n m a B a o c n j e o H a r X a M a A n j y , c a K o p e c n o H A e H U ,M jom , H e c T a o y H o h t c k o m M y 3 e jy . 11a n n a K c y CTpy4H>ai4H y n o p H O mojimjim BJiacTM A a n o K p e H y n o c T y n a K . H c T a K H y T H n p o y 4 a B a o i4 M c a X a p B a p A a , M e tjy KbHMa A p T y p , A a p 6 n H o k , n n c a jiM c y M y c T a c j)n A M p y , A p m o t o h o b o m H a c/ ie A H H K y, H e c H e 6 n B a jy fin c e A a A O A a jy K 3 K 0 OH14 C aM M H e 3 H a jy KO nTCKH . O BH M 0 K 0JiH 0 C TM M a J y H r n M a j e p c y n p y m M jiM Hen p o u e H a M B y y c / iy r y H e c T p n ib M B M M M 3y n a B a o u n M a m o c T m i,M 3 M a . J y H r je p a 3 M 0 T p n 0 ujTa 6 m M o r a o A a yHMHM m A o u i a o a o 3 a K J b y 4 K a A a 6 m o h T p e 6a o A a n o M o m e y T O M e A a c e obm p y K o n n c M c T a B e H a p a c n o jia ra H > e C T p y Lihmm n p o y H a B a o u ,M M a KojM c y B e fi m cyB M i ie A y r o MeKaJiM (H >eroBM M p e H M M a : d e n zus t a n d ig e n G e le h r t e n z u r V e r f u g u n g g e s t e lit w e r d e n s o l l t e n " ) . C T o r a c e je A a H K O A e n c KOjM je H a n y c T M O E m n a T M o p a o H a 6 aBMTM m n o c j ie o 6jaBJbMBahba, n o A y c jiO B O M A a c e A p y m p y K o n M C M o c j i o 6 o A e 3 a 0 3 6 M Jb H 0 n p o yH aBaH >e, BpaTMTM e m n a T C K O j BjiaAM . Tano c a M ja, 10. M a ja 1955, A o 6 aBM O J y H r o B KoA e K C . a M M C JiM T e u iT a t o 3HaHM n p o y n a B a o u y KojM c T y A M p a B a jie H T M H a t o k o m u ie jio r p aT a m n o c j ie T o ra AO Jia3M a o u e j io r p y K o n M c a c a n e T a yT e H T M H H M X m n 0T n y H 0 h o b m x cnM c a B a jie H T M H O B M x m H > e roB e uiKOJie. H n j e m t o B o m j e A e J io ? T o A M H e 1955. C T p a H M u e J y H r o B o r K o A e K c a K o je c y H e A o c T a ja jie 6 MJie c y H a tje H e y K o n T C K O M M y 3 e j y m H aH M ib e H je A o r o B o p ko jM je npMXBatieH Ha c a c T a H K y M e t j y H a p o A H o r K O M M TeTa y K a M p y 1956: (1) J y H r o B K o A e n c c e M o p a BpaTMTM y EmnaT, a je A a H M e t}y H a P o a h m o a 6 o p C T p y n H .a K a T p e 6 a A a o 6jaBM C B e c n M c e M3 Har X a M a A M j a ; (2) M 3 A a tie mx M3A a B 3H Ka Kytia Bpwji M3 J la jA e H a (a H e <t>paH uycKM m h c tm tv t M3 K a M p a ); ( 3 ) cJdohAau,M ja P a c K E p c T e A 4 jM H a H C M p a tie cJjotorpacjDCKO M3AaH>e p y K o n M c a ; (4) c p o H A a u M ja B o jiM H re H M3 H a y jo p K a njiaTM tie C B e t p o u jk o B e o A 6 o p a , y K J b y n y jy tiM n yT O B a h b a H e K M x e m n a T C K M x HJiaHOBa y ria p M 3 . H a p a B H O , cbm 3 aM H T e p e c o B a H M n o T n M c a jiM c y c n o p a 3 y M n o K O M e 6m c a M O hji3hobm o A 6 o p a mm3jim n pM C T yn p y K o n M C M M a . O B a j c B e n a H M 3 a B e T je n p e K p iu e H m y H e M a H K o j c y o 6jaB/b e H a nMp a T C K a M3Aaib.a.
T a A a j e m o n a A a ib e kji3cmhhmx cTy AM ja TaKotie nocTa /io OHMrjieAHO. Cbm obm cnMCM 6mjim c y n p e B e A e H M c a K o n T C K o r H a rpHKM. 3HaH>e rp H K o r j e o 6 a B e 3 a 3a C B a n o r ko x o tie fla n p o y n a B a oB e A O K y M e H T e , M a na p m caMO 3aTO IIITO c e TOJ1MKO MHOTO rpHKMX peHM jOlil y B e K jaBJba y T e K C T y . L U t o c e TMHe rpHKor, HaHMH>eHe c y r p e u j n e m 0 Ba nMpaTCKa M3AaH.a c y y m a c H a . y obmm TeKCTOBMMa Bomja c y n p y r a , meHCKM cmm6oji u,ejiMHe, noHeKafl c e Ha3MBa M e T p o - n a T o p , M a j K a o T a u , 3aio u j t o yjeAMH>yje MyuiKM m meHCKM npMHU,nn. O b o M3y3eTHO A y 6 o K o cjimkobmto M3jiaraibe n 0 T n y H 0 j e 3aTaMH>eH0 HeMCKa3MBMM npeBOA o m : , , A e A a ( A e n a j e c a ^ a Ha H e 6 y ). LilTaBMUJe, obm npMpef)MB3HM c y c e noKa3ajim m cyBMuie neAHMM 3 a m o 3 y ; ohm c y m e tra npeBOAMjiM c a ,,M ajK a a p h y s is c a ,,npnp O A a , AOK y OBOM K O H T e K C T y TO 3H3HM ,,Ma-
Te p M u a ". MaK m ohm KojM c y ca KonTCKor McnpaBHo npeBejiM HMcy nonpaBMJiM TeKCT, Hero c y camo LUTaMnajiM pyKonMce. M etjyTM M , o a a^bHMHa nocTojM TexHMKa M3AaBahba. ripBO H>eho npaBMJio je Aa ce TeKCT Mopa ycTaHOBMTM no M36opy npepatiMBana, KojM je 3acHOBan Ha AOCTynHMM pyKonMCMMa, ajiM ca HymHMM npeTnocTaBJbaibMMa m peAMroBaH>MMa, HMjM ce n p e rjie A A a je y kpmtmhkom a n a pa Ty mcnoA TeKCTa. M opaM Aa KameM Aa je cBera HeK 0JiMK0 M3Aan>a n 0 Tn yH 0 MaibKaBO y obom CMMCJiy. C T o ra je A H ToaH TMjoMOH ca Kojiem a O p a H c M3 riapM3a c npaBOM nomypMBao U N E S C O Aa o 6 jaBM cjjOTorpacjjcKO M3AaH>e. O Ba je m ejba KOHaHHO 6 MJia ocTBapeHa. HlTaBMiue, M0 m eM 0 BepoBaTM Aa tie ce Haujm aMepMHKM npMjaTen>M, noA HaAaxn>yjytiMM B0t)cTB 0 M U e jM ca Po 6 MHCOHa, n o 6 pMHytm Aa ce y 6 yAytiMM M3Aart>MMa npaBMjino n o c Tyn a ca kohtckm m , tphkmm Kao m c a Te x hmkom M3A3BaH>a. CaMO tie ce TaAa ocTBaPmtm JyH ro B a m ejba Aa ce obm to kcto bm cTa i3e Ha pacnojiaran>e cbmm KBajiMcjjMKOBaHMM npoynaBaouM Ma.
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[69]
6o p a B ^ .e H e B e p e n A y 60 K 0 6 h o C B e c T a n kojihko je B a m H o Aa c e OHa n p o y n i i . 1902. ro flMHe o h je HariMcao C B O jy A 0 KT 0 p c K y A n c e p Tau,Mjy 0 n c M x o / io m jM T a K 0 3 B a H M X OKy/]Thmx n o j a B a : y n>oj je M H T e p n p e T M p a o MauiTapM je j e f l H o r M e flM jy M a , KojM je 6 mo hmko A p y rM flo H > e roB a H e tia K a Xe/iM r ip a j C B e p K m n c np a B H o mx Ha3Bao thoc tm h km m . fla MnaK cy M/iaAOCT m M eHTa/iM TeT n a ^ M je H T a mck/byHMBa/iM M 0 ry t iH 0 CT a a je o h n o 3 H a B a o M3BeuuTaje aH T M je p e T M H K M X U ,p K B e H M x O Tau,a. O T y fla c e jaB/ba 3 a K / b y n a K A a m o 3 a H e c B e cho mMBM y AymM HaK m caBpeM eHe m eHe.
B e fi je y t o f l o 6 a J y H r 6 mo H a n p a B O M Tpary, a M3/ia 3 e fie c y H 4 e R e l i g i o n s g e s c h i c h t lic h e S c h u l e noM o r/io M y je A a H a c T a bm y a o 6 p o m n p aB ii,y. H e M a H K O M T e o / io m jo M je y t o B p e M e AOMMHMpa/ia no/iMTMHKa T e o ziorMja PMH/ia m X a p H a K a , KojM c y 6m/im n p o TMB P M M a, MMCTM14M3M3 M n M e T M 3M 3, a CBM 3a J ly T e p a , o n p a B f la H a B e p o M y H a u M jy. Jy H r, cyMi-bMHaBM c m h c B e u iT e H M K a , Beti je K a o CTyAeHT 6 m O O TBO peH M npO TM BH M K PMH/ia. H a n p o T M B , /byflM K a o u /to c y X e p M a H Y3eHep, A / i 6 p e x T B M T e p M x m BM/ixe/iM B y c e T Bo/ie/iM c y H a p o A H y p e / iM m jy , M M C T ep M je , CMHKpeTM 3a M m m o 3y. O h m c y otkpm /im A a je B o r B e o M a n e c T o 6 mo M C K y u ia B a H K a o }+{eHa, M a jK a 3 e M / b a , A a c e n 0 H 0 B H 0 p afja H a e " HaJia3M M y Xe/ieHM CTM HKM M Ky/1T0BM M3 c n o MeTKa H a m e e p e , m ta. JO,MTepMX je n a K Hanncao KHbMry o k o c m m h k o m B o ry A o 6 p a m 3/ia, KOjM je n p e flC T a B / b e H K a o paTH M 3 a n o BeflHMK ca r/iaBO M neT/ia m B M jy ra B M M h o raM a m H a 3 M B a n A 6 p a K c a c . O h m c y M CTpam M Ba/iM o h o u jt o c y H a 3 Ba/iM ,,die G r u n d f o r m e n r e lig io s e n D e n k e n s ", ochobhm C K /ionoBM fn/iM a p x e T M n o B M ) p e / iM m jc K o r MMLU/beH>a. JyHr je n o 3 H a B a o O B y / iM T e p a T y p y. T p e 6 a npMMeTMTM fla c y y t o B p e M e B e h M 3 B p u je H a npoyH aB aH >a C M M 6 o/ia 3 a K o je ce C M a T p a / io
H>MX0B0r p afla n o T n y H o c y c / io 6 o A a p c K e m X yM a H M C T M H K e . A o k j e paAMO y jeflHOM a3M/iy, J y H r y j e j e f l H o r A a H a HeKM n a ^ M je H T p e K a o a a cyHLje MMa p e n , KOjM y 3 p o K y j e B e T a p . KacHMje je y AM TepM X O BO j KH.M3M, Eine Mithraliturgie, n p oH M Ta o A a j e ^ a H ApeBHM M a m jcK M nanMp y c caflp m M m c to r/ieAMu/Te. Xa/iyuMHauMje / iy A o r HMHOBHMKa M3 U,MpMxa noKa3a/ie c y c e C/IMHHMM c a mOCTMHKMM 3HaH>eM. O s a HMH^eHMna AOBe/ia j e J y H r a a o n p e T n o c T a B K e A a Hauie KO/ieKTMBHO H e c B e c H o caflpmM o c HOBHe CK/ionoBe Ko je j e o h Ha3Bao a pxeTM noBMMa. J y H r je npoynaBao Ta^a AOCTynHy mocTM H Ky /iMTepaTypy, HapoHMTo noc/ie pacKMAa ca OpojAOM, m mocTMU,M cy My 6 m/im jeflMHM npMjaTe/bM. H a K je HanpaBMO m mocTMHKy c/iMKy Koja je OflpamaBa/ia CTaibe H.eroBor A y x a . ByjMM,a Epoca noHMH>e c a TaMHMM A 6 -
paKcacoM, CTBopMTe/beM CBeTa npoTMBpeHHe npMpofle m o a b o a m fl,o c|DMrype M/iaAMtia yHyTap KpM/iaTor jajeTa, KojM ce 30Be O a H e c M KOjM CMM6o/lMULie nOHOBHO potjeHje M np a BO Ja . Y m c to BpeMe HanMcao je moctm hkm anoKpMcjD C e f la M nponoBeflM mptbmmb Ba3M/iMAa M3 AiieKcaHAPMje, y KOMe npor/iarnaBa H 0 B 0 r B o r a c OHe CTpaHe flo6pa m 3/ia, Ha3BaHor A6paKcac. HeMaHKM nMcai; XepMaH Xece npey3eo je OBe MAeje y c B o jo j khm3m fleMMjaH. YneHaT/bMBa c/iMKa mhambmAyauiMje, M/iaAa nTMua Koja ce npo6Mja Hano/be M3 /bycKe jajeTa, y CTBapM A0/ia3M o a
J y H ra . T a n o je y E B p o n M H M TaBa re H e p au ,M ja
y mocTMHKOM cMM6o/iy npoHaui/ia M3pa3 c b o jMX HajAy6/bMX acnnpauMja. K a o lu t o je 0 p e A XejH3 npMMeTMO, J y H r je o 6 h o b m o m AeBMTa/iM3Bao mocTMUM3aM y EBponM noc/ie npBor cBeTCKor paTa. J y H r je 3aMCTa mmc/imo Aa je npMCHOCT c a th o c t m h k o m MMamHai^MjOM M mOCTMHKMM M C K yC T B M M 3 nO MOr/ia H e y K 0 p e H . e H 0 M M O A e p H O M H O B e K y A a p e lum c B o j e ncMxo/iouiKe n p o 6 / ie M e . rio/ia3efiM o a B/iacTMTMX MCKycTaBa m hbMXOBMx napa/ie/ia y
Aa c y TM nM HHo a p M je B C K M , o a h o c h o m h a o -repM aHCKM . A A p y m c y B e fi nofle/iM/iM h o B e n aH C TB o Ha K/iace c a P33/imhmtmm ck/ion o jM M a MMLU/ben.a. H a c y n p o T O B O M e , /byAM Kao flM T e p M x n p o H a m / iM c y 0 C H 0 B H e 06/iMKe p e / iM m jcK o r cMM6o/iM3Ma KojM c y K a p a K T e p M ctmhhm 3 a C B a /byflCHa
A y r o r m M BO Ta n o K y m a B a o A a A O K a m e A a c e obm C K / ion oB M Ha/ia3e y cbmm pe/iMmjaMa m Aa oneT M C K p c a B a jy y ch o b m m 3 M0AepH0r h o B e n a . Oh je apxeTMnoBe c x b 8 t m o n a o je3MK caM or mMBOTa, n a o yHMBep3a/iHe cMM6o/ie
6 M h a . H M n / iM K a u M je
[70]
cbmx Jbyfl,n m cbmx B p e M e H a . Oh je otkpmo CMMcao y 6 ecMMcny m mmcjimo je aa y Ayujn Mome fla o n a 3 M jeAHy yrpatjeHy TeHAeHUnjy a caM0-peajiM3auMjM npouec MHflHBHAyaM,nje. Ha^a HOBen Aotje ao ce 6e, oh je, no JyHry, Ha npBOM MecTy cyoMeH ca cboj'om ceHKOM HeAOCTaTKa; 33tmm noMMHje Aa mcTpamyje CBojy weHCKy cTpaHy, anima, MecTO npafieHy My^pnM cTapu,eM, Kojn MHKapHiipa KyMy/iaTMBHy MyApocT HOBeHaHCTBa, aok ce Ja n o ja B Jb y je y CHOBMMa m BM3njaMa, chm6ojiMcaHO AeTeTOM mjim HBaflpaTOM, HaroBeiuTaBajytiii ncuejbehbe pa3flopa M3Metiy pa3yMa m MHCTMHKTa. Cbm obm apxeTMnoBM Hajia3e ce, m jim cy ce Befi OHAa Hajia3miM, y moctmhkmm TencTOBMMa: AeMMjypr Kao ceHKa, Cocj)Mja nao anima, Cmmoh Maryc Kao MyAPm CTapau, Jioroc Kao AeTe, tetraktys, oahocho cjjyHAaMeHTajiHM eoHM, Kao quaternio. HMje Tpe 6ajio Ayro na a? npoyHaBaou,M mo3e cxBaTe Aa cy OBa TeopMja m OBa TepMMHOJiomja KopMCHa opytia npM MHTepnpeTMpanby mocTMHKMx TeKCTOBa. rioce 6 HO je A H p M - llla p j i riMX, yMMTeJb Cmmoh B e jji, KacHMje npocjjecop Ha C op 6ohm m Kojiem a O p a H C , HarjiamaBao Aa je cpeAMLUTe CBaKor mocTMMKor MMTa MOBen, a He Bor. HoHcj)y3He m 36yH3 yjytie cjiMKe M0HCTpy03HMX m CTpaiiiHMx 6 Mtia Tpe 6ajio 6 m , npeMa llMxy, o 6jacHMTM noMotiy K a T e ro p M je MOBena y n o Tpa3M 3a c a M M M co 6om. OTKpMtie J a cpw je m m ocTM u1 M 3 M a m M a H M x e jM 3 M a . H a K je m npe H a r X a M a A M j a O Baj n c M x o jio u jK M n p M jia 3 Beti 6 mo HywHa AonyHa hmcto MCT0pMjcK0M, oaH OCHO HeAO CJlOB HO er3M C TeH U,M jaJlM CTM M K O M
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C T o r a je on aj KOjM 3Ha 6Mhe o A 0 3 ro . K a ^a je no3BaH, o h n y je ; o h O AroBapa; o h ce y n paBjba na O HOM e HojM ra 30Be m OKpehe ce l-b e M y ; o h cxBaTa KaKO je no3BaH. Ilo ce A O B3H>eM nH03e, o h McnyH>aBa BOJby O H o ra KojM ra 30Be m TemM ^ a ywMHM o h o u j t o Ta 3afloBO/baBa. O h npMMa noMMHaK. O h KojM t 3m ho n o c e fly je 3HaH>e 3Ha oflaKJie AOJia3M m KyAa Mfle. O h pa3yM e Kao Heno k o c e ocno6afja m 6y^M M3 onMjeHDCTM y Kojoj je wMBeo m B patia c e ce6M.
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1 Ha eHrnecHOM ce pn6a Karoe fish, a cyM Hj Mb o fishy. O h m t o je y nm aH>y nrp a peMM KOja ce He M o w e afleKBaTHO npeBecTM Ha cpncK O xpBaTCKM. flpMM. JipeB.
je GecMnciieHa hmtm aa je caMo ncTopnjcKM cjDeHOMeH, Hero p,a je cTa/iHO noBpaTHa y ncTopnjn y MaHMxejM3My, y cpeAH>0 BeK0 Bhom naTapn 3 My, y Teo 3 ocj)MjM JaKo 6 a BeMea m y noe 3 Mjn BMJiMjeMa Bjiejna 3 aTO ljjto je A y 6 0 K0 yKopert.eHa y AyuJH HOBeKa. TaKo je jyHroBCKa n c n x o / io rn ja Befi MMana 3 H anajaH yTHu,aj Ha i4CTpamMBaH>e m o c Tn n e . M3 pa 3 Ja yn o Tp e 6 n>aBajy npaKTMMHO cbh; yBMA fl,a m o 3 a y noc/ieAHbOj aHajiM3M M3pa>KaBa yjeAHHjeH 0 CT cBecHor era m HeCBecHor Ja uinpoKo je npMXBa?ieH; hmho, naK hm HajBaTpeHMjn er3MCTeHmija^ncTa, He mowe nopeliM Aa je JyH r oa noM otin y npeno3HaBaH>y cTB a pH or 3HaMeKba MMTa. Ajim M3M eAa Aa npoyMaBaoi 4n m o 3 e hmcy ripMMeTmin Aa cy Mef)y jyHroB 4 MMa cfciop-
CTBapM, OH T y HMK3A3 HMje BMAeo HMjeAHy, MaKo j e AOJia3MO CB a ne roAMHe. Y c b 3 kom c jiy H a jy , 3 H a na jH 0 je A a ce 6 0 r 0 M 0 JbKa n o jaBMJia y T p e H y T K y K a ^ a je , M3roBapajytiM MHceKTy MMe, HOBeK 6 mo eMOUMOHa/iHO noBe 3 aH c HsMM. T a K B a Aorat}ahba JyHr Ha 3 MBa ,,CMHXpOHMl^MTeTOM .
n o A C Tape AaHe J y H r je 6 mo ct)acuMHMpaH cmm6 ojimkom pM6 e. O h je cM aTpao Aa hobbHaHCTBO y Hame A o 6 a n p e jia 3M M3 nepMOAa AyajiM3Ma, o 6 e jie w e H o r c a 3BemtieM PM6 a, y A y m nepMOA yjeAMH3 eH>a, o 3HaneHor BoaojiMjoM. O b o ljuto cjieAM 3anMcao je oh y cbo jy 6 ejiemHMi4y 1. anpMJia 1949:
f la H a c je n e T a n . 3 a p y n a K c m o je jin p n 6 y . Hek o j e H a n p a B n o n p B o a n p m ic K y u ia jiy y Be3M c pm 6o m . Y j y T p o c a M 6mo 3 a 6 e jie H w o je A a H H a T n n c . Est ho<mo toiruis m ediiius p 'is c is a b iimio. rioc/ie nofljne HeKaflauiH jM n a u ,n je H T mh je noKa3ao H e n e B e o M a yn eM a TJbH B e cjiM Ke p n 6 a K o je j e HacjiMKao. y B e 4 e m m je n o n a 3 a o B e 3 oa p n 6a M a M y A O B n u jTM M a . y p a n o j y T p o 6 n B U ja inaiAnjeHTKMhba c a o n u jT a B a c a H y KOM e OHa C T O jn Ha M o p c K o j n jia w n a BejiMKa p n 6 a jie m n Ha H>eHMM C To n a jiM M a .
MyjiMcaHa OApefteHa HOBa MeAMUJTa Koja cy pejieBaHTHa 3a Hame nojbe. HaMMe, nojaM CMHXpOHMUMTeTa. riOUJTO OBaj pa 3 B0 j HMje onuiTe no3HaT, Tp e 6 a a^tm HeKOJiMKO npMMepa c obmm y Be3M.
AaojicJd ilo p T M a H je M yB e H M 6 M o ;io r m yB a w e H M x y M a H M C T a , koj'm je c B a n e ro A M H e n p e A a B a o H a E p a H O C -K O H c i3 e p e H 4 M ja M a f K o je cy c e o A P ^ a B a j i e y A c k o h m , y MTajiMjaHCKOj LLlBajuapcKO j. O h je y B e n M M n p 0 B M 3 0 B a 0 , am , H a p aB H O , m n p M n p e M a o C B o ja M 3JiaraH ia. JeAHOM je M M a o H a y M y A a C B o je n p e A a B a H >e 3aBpUJM n p M H O M O 60 r 0 M 0/bKM, H e c a M O 3aTO lu t o je t o 6 mjio B a w H O 3 a H > e roB e n p e AaB aH K e ^M Jbe B e , H e ro m 3aT O u j t o je A o 6 p o 3ByMajio y BMC 0 K 0 n a p H 0 M M3JiaraHay. Barn Ka* Aa je x T e o A a H a H H e c B O jy T e M y m K a A a c e HeKano o c e T M O A M p H y T am bhm m M M e H O M mhceKTa, G o t t e s a n b e t e r i n , K p o 3 o T B o p e H n p o 30p c a jie 3 a n p e A a B a H > a y jie T e 60 r 0 M 0JbKa, H3HMHM H y M M H 0 3 3 H M 0 M M H 0 3 3 H K p y r OKO n p o c j)e c o p o B e rjia B e , 33tm m c e c n y c T M Ha ny/iT M c n o A J ia M n e K o ja je 6 a u a jia c B e T J io c T Ha n p e A a B a H e s e 6 e jie u jK e , T a n o A a c y A ^ a OrpOMHa T 3 M H 3 KpMJia, p y K e H O B e K a KOjM mojiii, 6 Mjia y n p a B / b e H a Ka 6 e jio M 3 M A y M3a
KaAa je HeKOJiMKO Meceu,M KacHMje obo n 0 H0 B0 nMcao, McnpeA CBOje Kytie Ha o 6 a/im je 3epa Ham ao je pM6 y AyraH K y je A H y C T o n v . CBaKano MMa Hener cyMH>MBor y OBOMe .1 O B e KOMHu.MAeHLU'ije nonpMM ajy pejiM m jcKe AMMeH3Mje Ka^a c e ceTMMo Aa je pM6 a cmm6 oji XpMCTa. Ic h th u s y rpHKOM ctoj'm yM e cTo : H c y c X p m ct Cmh Bora CnacMTe/b. Ajim ue/ia npMHa n o c Ta je H eo6jamhbMBa nocjie o 6jaBJbMBatba JeBaH tjejba no Tomm HatieHor y H a r XaM aAM jy. T y Hajia3MM0 BeoMa n yA H y napa6 o j iy Koja c e npMnMcyje M cy c y :
M o b c k je K ao M y A p n p n 6 ap , C B o jy M p e m y y M o p e . O h je M3BJiam i M3 M o p a n y H y M a /ie p n 6 e : M e t iy h>mm3 o h H a lie o r p o M H y n A 6 p y p n 6 y , T a j M y A P n p n 6 a p , o h n y c TM y M o p e c B y M a jiy pw 6 y . O A a H
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je n p e A a B a M e B o c T a i^ e Ayxa M 3a3 B a / io mhceTa. TaKBa y 3 p o H H a B e 3 a a n c 0JiyTH 0 je HeM o ryfia. Ajim mctmh3 je A a je n y B e H O M 6 mo/iory T p e 6 a jio h o k o jim k o H e A e jb a A a n p o H a tje
[72]
ocmm BOfle, 3MAe n cTeHe. OfljeAHOM yciaAox ii y3HeMnpnx ce: BejiMHa pn6a ce yne^ajia. MMa/ia je cpe6 pHM Tp 6yx m 3/iaa jieIja. Ka.ua caM M3ByKao pn6y Ha o6a;iy ueo nej3a>H je 6no ocBeTJbeH. O Baj caH T p e 6 a p,a ce M H TepnpeTnpa now otiy caM O-peajinsau.nje. 5e3 3HaHja o TOMe, Taj HOBeH ce y3H eM npno, t o je MaHMc^ecTau n ja M3 HajAy6/ber Ja , caM or i;eH Tpa FberoBe jiMHHOCTM: oh ce pa3BMja y a o 6 pom n p a B 4 y , a t o HMje M orytie 6e3 pejiMrMjcHor n cK ycTB a. A^m oh o lu to je BamHO y OBOMe je c T e p,a je cno/bamHjM cBeT oh m m ca h o y nyH oj cm m n a Tn jn ca HauMM yHyTpaujH>MM ocetiaHjHMa, 6e3 H K 3 K B H X y3pOHHHX nOBe3aHOCTM. O hm to je p,a je pannoHa/iMCTHHKM npnKa3 CTBapHOctm jeAHO CTpaH: npnHLinne BpeMeHa, n p o CTopa n y3p0HH0CTM T p e 6 a AonyHMTM npnH Lj,MnOM CMHXpOHHHMTeTa. A TO 3H3HM Pfii Cy M ancypAHM cB e T HecBeH or Kojn je y H y rp a m an cyp A H n 6 e cM ncao CBeTa Kojn je cnojba npOHieTM MMCTepM03HHM 11 A a M3a3HBajy C Tp ax 0 n 0 LUT0 BaHje. C T a p 0 M0AHn JbyAM 6 m t o Ha 3 BajiM pyKOM Bom joM . 3 a BpeMe CBor A y r o r w nBOTa J y H r je n p n K y n jb a o TaKBe np nne CMHoneHor 6ecM ncjia. M M3rjieAa Aa ce chhxpohmctmhkm AoratjajM 3ancTa A e m a B a jy BeoMa necTO y K5HBOTy jie Kapa. Ajim oh ce HMKaAa HMje y c y A n o p,a o 6 jaBM CBOja rjie A n u iTa, CBe a o k My je ^ a H A M e pnKaHaui, U . B. PajH, KOMnjiMKOBaHMM CTaTHCtmhkmm m yneHaTJbMBMM p a n y H M M a Hnje a o Ka3ao Aa je y npaBy. A nan m T a ^ a je Jy H r Harnao xpa6pocTM Aa o63HaHM CBoje n o rjie Ae TeK Ka^a je hberoB n p n ja T e J b n a y jin , a o 6mthmk H o6ejiO B e H arpaA e 3a Te o p n jc K y cJdm 3MKy, n p n cTa o Aa o6jaBM cTyAM jy o MexaHH30BaH0CTM Harne cjiMKe cBeTa y MCToj khjM3h. llp e rjie A CBOjnx norjieA a a s o je J y H r y A c k o hm 1951, Ha hctom M ecTy m MCTe roAHHe K aA a je OAJiyneHO Aa c e Ao6aBM KonTCKM m o CTHHKM KOAeKC. H e Mome ce hm 3aMMCJiMTM KanaB je yTMcaK obo npeAaBaH>e ocTa B m io na HeroBe cjieA^eHM Ke. HaK je n J y H r caM M3rjieAao cacbmm ocjio6otjeH m Heyo6nH ajeH o A o 6 p o pacn o jio w e H . U,ejior m nBOTa je n p e Ty p a o no K0JieKTMBH0 HecBecHOM, ajin caAa je Hanpabmo n p oA op o a AyuJe Ka k o cm o c^. Ilp o c TO je c n ja o KaAa mm je pe nao : ,,Es g e h t u m die Erfa h ru n g d e r F u lle d e s S e in s ; p a ^n ce o n cK ycTB y ncnyHjeHOCTM, njiepoM a, 6ntia.
,A p y r o M n p m iM K O M mm je p e K a o A a n o ja M n p o j e K ^ n j e c a A a T p e 6 a y n 0T n y H 0CTn peBMA n p a T M . A o T o r T p e H y T K a J y H r je je A H O C T a sh o n p e y 3 e o o a O p o j A a hbmbho m Hec^mio30c|dck0 rjie A a H je Ha n p o j e K u n j y , n o K O M e hoB e K ca M o n p o je K T y je C B o je m iy 3 n j e Ha CTpnji>hbo n jia T H o BeHHOCTM. O p o jA ra je ca cboje C T p a H e no3ajM no o a O o j e p 6 a x a , a o h o ce Befi Hajia3M y jiaTM H C Koj n o e M M / ly K p e n n ja . T o p e m e H j e je to jim ko je AH O CTa BH O Aa He M O w e 6 mtm mctmhmto. M e t jy T H M , y n p a B O c y rjiaBH M J y H ro B M capaAHML^M 6 mJ1H TM KOjli C y M3ByKJlM KOHCeKB O H H e M3 ,,C M H X p O H im M T eT a M KOjM c y KO-
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n pojeKU ,M jy. M e tjy O H M M a koj'm c y 6 mjim npwcyT H M H a KOHcjDepeHUMjM y A c k o h m 1951, rA e je J y H r y B e o y ik m b o t C B o jy T e o p M jy ,,cmhX p O H M U M T e T a , E p M X H o jM a H , n 0 3 H 3 T M ayTO p rio p e K J ia c e e c T M m B e jiM K e M a jK e , 6 mo je HajAy6jbe A n p H y T . O h c e B paTM O y 3eMJby o 6 eh a H y H .e ro B M M o n e B M M a , ajiM ce HMje M o r a o c n o p a 3 y M e T M c B o r o M C B o r a H a p o A a . Ep M X H o jM a H je 6 mo A o 6 a p y AyuJM ajiM je M M ao H e M M J io c p A a H y M . l-t>eroBa J io m K a 6 Mjia je MCTO T 3 K 0 n p 0 3 a M H H a M n paB O JlM H M jC Ka K a o M M 3 B e c H a 6 e p jiM H C K a a B e H M ja 3 B a n a K u r f iir s t e n d a m : c b c t je npojeKU,M ja, T B o ja meHa je n p o je K U M ja , c y c e A je n p o je K i^ M ja , B o r je np oje Ku ,M ja. A c a ^ a je J y H r H a n y c T M O o rp a HMHeH>a n c M x e m y K o c M o c y H a iu a o K o p e c n o H A e H U M je n y H e 3 H a n e H ja K o je c y M M ajie CMM CJia m M 3 rjie A a jia A a H o c e n o p y K y . O b o je H a n p a B M Jio n y c T o m y Epm xobm m n o rjie A M Ma. A M O K JA a je M M a o m npeAocehahbe CBOje n p e p a H e cm ptm K o ja je y c jie A M Jia y c K o p o noc jie T o ra . r io c T a o je 0T B 0 peHMjM 3a cT B a p h o c t m A M C U M n jiM H O B ao je M a m T a p M je C B o ra p a 3y M a . C a bojimkmm e M O U M O H ajiH M M ojiaK-
uiaH>eM o h je cfaacuMHMpaHOj n y 6jiMUM 1952. p e n a o A a M3 B a n n c M x e n o c T o jM ,,nojbe J a , K o je je c t b o p m jio m y n p a B J b a jio c b c t o m m n cM X O M , m MaHM cjDecTyje c e e r y y o 6jiM K y Ja. A o b o Ja y H O B e K y j e c T e cjiM K a cT B o p M T e jb a . E p w x H o jM a H je H a m a o mmp ca c o 6 om , ca
C B eT O M m c a B o r o M .
H. A . M a je p , JyH roB acMCTeHT m HacjieA HMK, MCTM OHaj KOjM je TOJIMKO MHOTO yHMHMO Aa ce H oAeK c n a 6 aBM, OTMmao je A P ym M nyTeM . O h je yBeK M M a o CBoje cyMhbe o By/i-
[7 3 ]
rapHOM n o j M y npojeKiAMje m n o c e 6 H y TemH>y je y c M e p n o Ha e p o c, cneu,nc}DMHHO j y H r o B C K y TeMy joiu ofl pacKMAa c O p o jA O M , M3a3BaHor pa3/lMHMTMM CXBaTaHieM ^ n 6 nfla. y CT B a p n , oa c a M o r noneTKa J y H r ra je 3aMmu/bao y CMMCJiy KOjn j e 6 no m hoto rnnpn o a nyKO ce KcyajiH or, Kao WMBOTHy eH eprw jy Koja mome y3HMaTM pa3JiMHMTe o 6 /mKe. M J y H r je MHoro n p e p a T a y B H A e o A a c y c e Hje roBe MAeje o tom n p e A M e Ty cjia ra jie ca op4)MHkhm m Heon/iaTOHHHKMM 3 HaH>eM o e p o c y . Majep je nojano O By Te o p n jy . y cB Ojoj
HHbM3M JlMHHOCT, H e TBp TO M T O M y CMCTeMCKOr ^ejia o n c n x o j i o r n j n , oh e p o c c x B a T a Kao bmiiie Hero jihhh^ CHary, nao t o k Jby 6 aBM Kojn je npMHunn u,ejiOBHTOCTM nojn KpeaTHBHO
npojeKunjoM, Befi ayTeHTMHHMM chm6ojiom. H ohmto, OBaj cmm6oji n o K a 3 y j e MCTHHy o CTBapHOCTM. Cmm 60 J1HHK0 , MMamHaTMBHO MMiujbeH>e MOwe 6hth h ct m h m t o . JleoH E6peo, Kojn je npoHauiao OBaj KJbyHHH c h m 6 oji, 6m o je y npaBy. Y B e K c a M ce nnTao K a n o t o A a c y Je B pejn o h h Kojn H 3 M n o K a 3 y j y n c T H H y cjiMKe. y naiueM B e n y A h p m B e p r c o H je 6mo Taj koim nac je y n o 3 o p n o Ha t o A a je p a 3 y M K o p n c T3H M H C Tp yM eH T 3a npaBJbei-be o p y t ]a m MaujHHa m a y T 0 M 06 m ia , a jin A a A M C K yp 3 M B H O , nHTejieKTyajiHO p a c y t jn B a H je HM je hmtm a o BOAjHO HMTM CMMUJJbeHO Aa OTK pMje MCTMHy : oh je mmcjimo Aa ce MCTMHa M o m e 3axBaTMTM caMO MHTyMU,MjoM m M3pa3MTM caMO n o e T ckmm c jiM K a M a . E p h c t HacM pep, B e o M a yTMi;ajaH y C je A M H >e H M M f l p m a B a M a , pa3JiMKyje
c e o a H>era n o T O M e u jt o o h y O A H O c y Ha M M a m n a T M B H e , MM T 0Ji0 iU K e CMM6 ojie n p e 4 )e p M p a M a T e M a T M H K e , K O H u e n T y a jiH e C M M 6 o jie ; ajiM o h je O A O M atiM O H e y o 6 M H aje H y MCTMHy A a m M H TejieKT m iMHTyMU,Mja n p 0 M 3 B 0 A e c M M 6 o jie . O h je mmt C B a n a K O y 3 M M a o B e o M a 0 36 M JbH 0. y O Boj on iu T O j nepcneKTMBM eBp o n c H o r jy A a M 3 M a Bojic}3raHr l1ayjiM C M ryp H O HMje 6 mo M 3 y 3 e T a n o a n p a B M jia , ajiM je u e jia pa3jiMKa 6Mjia y T O M e u jt o je o h 6 mo HyKJieapHM cjDM3MHap m, A p y r o , u jt o je 6 mo T e M e jb H O y n o 3 H a T c j y H r 0 BCH 0 M n c M x o j io m j o M . H a n a B je t o 6 mo h o b c k ! T ie jia B , A e 6 e o M poH M H aH , c a M 3 6 yjb e H M M OHM M a. B e ti K a o c T y A e H T n e c T O je n o c e tiM B a o H o tiH e KJiy 6 o B e , 33tm m je yHMO, c n a B a o u,ejio jy T p o m o k o n o A H e B a AO Jia3M O Ha ce M M n a p . Tm rm hhm C TaHO BHM K n p e c T O H M u e , p o tje n y B e n y 1900, cbm m b n o 3 HaT n a o H O BeK l1ayjiM e M 6 a p r a , h o b c k koj'm je o k o c e 6 e c T B a p a o HenpMJiMHe. O h m H seroBM n pM jaTejbM Hm jic B o p m B e p H e p X a j 3 e H 6 e p r c y o n e B M , ochm BaHM H a rn e M O A e p H e cjiM K e C B e T a m H a m e r a T 0 M C K 0 r A o 6 a. M OBaj H O Be K je 6 mo C T p a c n o 3 a M H T e p e c o B a H 3 a C B e p e jiM m jc K O m m c c tm h k o . C a BejiM HOM nam HbOM je M o ra o A a c jiy m a n p e A a B a H > e o m e m o r i a k o a C b . A fjryc T M H a . A n a A a je 15. H O B e M 6 p a 1953. o 6ja B J b e n o O T K pM tie H o A e n c a J y H r m o h je 6 mo y n y 6jiMUM. H M K a A a Hetiy 3 a 6 o p a B M T M m Ta mm je T a ^ a p e n a o : ,,O B a H e ra T M B H a T e o j io m ja, t o je o h o LUTO H a M T p e 6 a. H a o mTO je p e n a o L L lo n e H x a y e p , O h H e M O w e 6 mtm jimhh o c t , j e p H e 6 m M o r a o A a m3AP>km naTH>y h oBenaHCTBa. T o je t o , H e n o 3 H a T M B o r rH 0 3 e . h b e r a c y O B e C T B apM 3 a H M M a jie 3 a T 0 lu t o je pa3JiM H a M 3 M e t iy H 0 H 4 e n T y a jiH 0 r, aHajiMTM H Kor, A H C K y p 3 M B H o r m M a m j c K o r , cmm 6 ojiM H K or, M M T C K o r M M m jbeHba 3 a Hbera 6 mo y3 n e M M p y jy t iM n p o 6jie M . y cB O jo j kh>m3m o H e n j ie p y M3 1952. o h je M 3 y n a B a o n p e jia 3 o a p aH M jer M a m j c K 0-C M M 60 JiMHK 0 r o n M c a n p M p o A e Ha M O A e p H O M , KBaHTM TaTM BHO M , M aT e M aT M H ko m o n M c y n p M p o A e . n p e A C T a B H M K p a H M je r o p r a H C K o r rjie A M m T a je a jix e M M H a p P o 6 e p T O j i a A (1547 1637), n p e A C T a B H M K K a c H M je r je M c a n H 3yTH. H e n j ie p (1571 1630) je H e rA e M 3 M e tiy . H a p a B H O , ria y jiM H e n o p M H e A a je O B a j p a 3 B M T a n 6 mo Hym aH. Ajim o h w ajiM mTO je y T o n y O B e e B O Jiy u M je M 3 ry 6 jb e H o c e t ia j L^ejiMHe. M noA B Jia H M A a aHajiMTMHKM, K B a n -
[ 74]
THTaTMBHM np M Jia 3 H llje jeflH H M MCTMHMT M e t o a , H e r o Tpamn A a o h 6 y f le A o n y h b e H cmm60J1MHKMM MHTyMTM BHMM Mm Urt.eH 3e M . HdYTH je 6 mo y n p a fiy , ajiM m cp/iafl T a K o lie .
riayjiM Kam e:
M o f le p H a K B a H T H a cjjM 3MHa h o h o b o iH a M a iu a B a
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Bea noHOBO pec}jfleKTyjy CTapM KOHTpacT M3Met}y K BaH TM TaTM BH O r M KBa/lMTaTMBHOr. M e t} y rM M , o a ih o c t jiO B a BpeM eHa je K e r in e p a obm x m <t>Jiara M o ry h J e flH e c Tp a H e ,
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6 jiM w a .
MAeja KOMniieMeHTapHOCTM y M0AepH0j 4>M3MnoKa3ajia h s m je, Ha hobm c m h t 6 tmmkm HannH, Aa je npoTHBpemHocT y npMMeHM CTapMX cynpoTHMx KOHi^eni^Mja ( n a o l u t o cy MecTMua m Tajiac) caMO npMBMAHa; c A P y r e CTpaHe, yn0Tpe6^>MB0CT CTapMX a/ixeMMjcKMX M A e ja y JyHr0B0j nc M XO Jio rM jM y K a 3 y je Ha A y 6 /be jeAMHCTBO nCMXMMKMX M cJ)M3MHKMX nOJaBa. HaMa, 3 a p a a n M K y o a K e n jie p a m cp/iaAa, K ao je A M H a npMXBaTJtMBa TanKa n ie A a H > a M3M e ^ a oHa Koja o6e CTpaHe CTBapHOCTM
K BaHTM T3TM BH y M KBaJlMTaTM B H y , cJ)M3MMHy M
y H 0B 00TK p M B e H M M criM C M M a M3 H a r X a M a A M ja CTajiHO c e m M 3H O Ba K a m e A a c y CBeT m H O B e K n p o je K L iM je . r ip B a M A e ja , B o m ja M y A p o c T , rjie A a H a X a o c KojM je M c n o A , a y n p a c T a p M M B O A a M a o r j ie A a c e HDeHa ceHOBM Ta cjiM K a: t o je A e M M j y p r KOjM y p e f ) y j e Heopra H M 3 0 B a H y M a T e p M jy . T a K O CBe H a c T a je M3 n p o je K ^ M O H e AejiaT H O C T M B e jiM K e 6 orMH>e 6 a p 6 e jio. Han c e m A a H a c o b o m c to M o m e HatiM M e t]y M a H A e ji^ M M a , je A M H M M m ocT M U M M a H a o b o m C B e T y KojM c e M o r y n ox Ba jiM T n H e n p e K M H y T M M KO H TM HyM TeTO M y O A H O c y Ha A p e B H e m o c T M K e ; n p e M a H>MMa, C B e T M J\yx ( P y x a A H B O A iu a ) c T B a p a 3 M a ja , C B e T Jio c T (Y p , o a j e B p e j C K o r o r = c B e T j i o ) M3 4 p H e boA e X a o c a . r ip e M a A p y r o j Bep3MjM, Ha 3 a n o B e c T B o r a ( H I m b o t " ) H e 6 e c K M r o c n o A a p Mepehba, A 6 a T y p , r jie A a H aAO Jie y T y u p H y boA y ; y m ctom TpeHy o 6jiM K y je c e H >e roB a cjimK a y n p H o j b oam , o 6jiM K y je c e A e M M jy p r, Ta6 pMjeji o a h o c h o riTaxM Ji, m n e H je c e y rp ahmmhm n o j a c (b p jio 6 jiM 3 y H e 6 y, 6 jiM 3 y o 6/iactm CBeT/ia).
Mjim c e , o n e T , o B a C B e T a M a j K a o T a u o tK p M B a A e M O H C K M M M o tiM M a B o r C B e T a n oM O tiy 6jiM C T a B e cjiM K e y n p M M O p A M ja jiH M M BOAaM a : O H A a obm a p x o H T M , B Jia ^ ap M , c T B a p a jy ,,ro jie M a , p o 6 o Ta , M a T e p M ja jiH O Te jio HOBeKa, A ^ a M a , n p e M a toj' cjimu,m. M T a K o je, na n e K M HaMMH, M O BeK T a K o t)e npojeKM ,M ja 6omH>e B a p 6 e jio. A k o 6 m cm o m om m A a y c T 3 H 0 B M M 0 n o p e k jio O B e (Jjaci^M HaHTHe m y w a c H e n o e T M K e , O H A a tie M H o r o p a c n p a B J b a H O n o p e K j io m o C T M 4 M 3 M a 6 MTM O TKpM BeH O . A ja mmcjimm A a je t o M o r y t ie , c a M o a n o mm A 0 3 B O JiM T e A a K a m e M HeKOJiMKO n p M M a K o je M O ^ A a 3H aTe, ajiM M O >KAa He t3 m h o :
ncMXMHHy npeno3Haje Kao Metjyco6Ho k o m naTM6M^He, m nao oHa Koja mx M o m e cM M yflT3Ho o6rp/iMTM. . . O niuTa m ejta 3a BetiMM cjeAMH>aBaH>eM Hamer n o o e A a Ha c b c t BeoMa je, Metiy HayMHMUMMa noce6HO, nojanaHa HMH>eHMHOM Aa, M3KO CaAa MM3M0 npMpoAHe HayKe, BMiue HeMaMO nOTnyHy HayHHy cjiMKy cseTa. O a OTKpMtia KBaHTa A e tjc rB a , c}>vi3MKa je n o c T e n e H o 6 m a npMCMrt.eHa Aa ce OApenHe CBor ropAor TBpt)eH>a Aa je y CTaH>y Aa, y npMHUMny, c x b 3 tm ueo CBeT. CaMa oBa OKOJiHOCT, MetjyTMM, Kao McnpaBKa paHMje jeAHOCTpaHOCTM, Moma 6m Aa caAP>KM KJiMuy HanpeTKa na jeAMHCTBeHoj HOHuenuMjM HMTaBor KOCMOca y neMy cy npMpoAHe HayKe caMO jeAan Aeo. (B. nayjiMi, ,,yTMuaj apxeTMnoKMX MAeja Ha KenjiepoBe TeopMje", Th e Interpretation of Nature and Psyche, JI o h a o h , 1955, c. 207 208. M 209).
H a ^ a p a 3 M a T p a M o B e fla y jiM je B e T e o p M je mmcjimm A a je A 0 3 B 0 / b e H 0 a a h b e ro B e n o m e fle c y M M p a M c jie A e t io M n a p a 60Ji0 M: A y T e n TMMHM C M M 60J1 je KaO CTaKJieHO OKHO, MOAHM M3Jior y H e K O M o a bojim km x rp a A O B a . n o n e K a A c e y H>eM y o r j ie A a B a m a B/iacTM Ta cjimKa, n o H e K a A s a M A a j e y B M A y o h o lu t o je M3jio m e H O M 3a C TaKjia. T o c B e 33 bmcm o a B a m e
B Jia c T M T e T a H K e rjie A a n > a .
1. r io c T o j a o je npeAMBHM M JiaAMti y TpMKoj, M M e H O M H apuiM C, kojm je n p e 3 M p a o Jby6aB m Ha Toj HaMMH y B p e A M O 6 o r a E p o c a . J e A H o r A a H a o h c e 3aJby6M y c B o j y c o n c T B e n y cjiM K y, K o ja c e o m e A a J ia y boam K a ^ a je rio r j ie A a o AO Jie. B M A e o je C B o j e id o lo n , C B o jy p e 4 )jie K C M jy , k b k o jie 6AM Ha boam. 36or T o ra je o h MLLiMe3ao mjim c e , n p e M a A P y r o j n p e A a j'm, y A a B M O . n p M M a M A e 3 a tmm A a n o K a m e K aK O Jie n o T a T e jia HMje c T B a p H a . A k o c T e o 6 y 3 e T M TM M e, bm CTe K a o OBaj mobck, KojM je x T e o A a yxBaTM c B o j y B jiac T M T y petjDjieKCM-
[75]
jy H a b oam , 3 a p o H n o y A y 6 n H y m y A a B n o c e . TaHO B a iu a A y u u a 3 a p a h b a y n o H o p r,ne c jie n M W M BHTe c cjDeHOM eHMM a h a K J ia . Mjim, o n e T , y A p y r o j B e p 3 n jn : H a w y a a je H a p n n c , K a ^ a je r jie fla o y B O A y, B M A e o C B o jy B/iacTM Ty c e H ny, 3 a A > y 6 n o c e y H>y, chom m o y B O A y f la je 3a rp jin m TaKO c e y T o n w o . O b o Hiije n c T u n a (y n . A n o K p n c J ) J o e a H O B : ,,He n a n o je M o j c n je peK ao ). J e p o h c e HMje y A a B n o y boam , n e r o je c x B a T n o n p n B p e M e H y m n p o j ia 3 H y n p n p o f ly c B o r a M a T e p M ja jiH o r Tejia, H a n M e H5HBOT3 y T e jiy, liiTO je H a jo c H O B H n jM e i d o l o n C T B a p H e A y m e . J+ty,AefiM A a t o o 6 rpjiM, o h c e 3 a / b y 6 n o y h j h b o t y c K / ia A y c to m cjim hom . O h je n 0 T 0 H y 0 m y fla B M O ce 3aTO u jt o je t o M 3onaM H Jio H a e ro B y BJiacTM Ty A y i u y m CTBaph o A 0 CT 0jaH m nB O T . 3 a T O noc/iOBMM,a K a ra e : B o j c e n B jiacT M T e c e H K e " . O B a n p n n a B a c y n ii A a c e n jia m n T e c k j io h o c t m ^ a LjeHMTe HeB a m H e C T B a p n K a o H a jB m u e , 3aT O lu t o t o motjena b oa m ry6nTKy A y i u e m n oH M iu T e H >y n p a oe m o 3 e o cTBapH ocTM . 2. M j ia f ln 6 o r ,Z],mohmc n o c T a B J b e H je Ha T p oH mmm je 6 mo p o f ie H y netiM H M Ha o c T p B y H p n T y . Ajim T M TaH C K a M y A O B m u T a , K o ja c y x T e jia fla y 6 wjy A e T e , A a J ia c y M y o rv ie A a jio A a O A B p a T e H je ro B y n a ^ H 2 y; m a o k je A e T e 3 y p m io y o r j ie A a j io m 6 mjio O M a p a H O BJiacT v to m cjim kom , THT3HM ra p a c T p m y L u e Ha KO M a A e m n p o m A p a L u e ra. C a M o je c p u e 6 o r a c n a ce H O . T o 3 H 3 MH A a je A h o h m c K a ^ a je B H A e o CBoj e id o lo n , c B O jy pecf)JieKCM jy y o r jie A a jiy , 6 mo H a H e n n HaMMH y A B O C T p y M e H , A a je H e c T a o y o r j ie A a j iy n A a je Ha Taj hbmmh p a c n p o c t p t n o y H H B e p 3y M y . A j ih A n o jiO H ra je C K yn n o m B p a T n o y ro p h b n A y x o B H M C B eT ; 3 a n c T a je c n a c a o A n o H n c a . r ip e M a opcfji/iMKMM M y Ap au,M M a, o b o 3Ha.MM A a je c B e T c n a A y u ia n o A e jb e H a m p a m n p e H a K p o 3 M a T e p n jy . Ajim CBeTCKM A y x o c T a je H e n o A e jb e H m mmct o a cBanor KOHTaKTa c a MaTepnjoM. 3. O 0B0j AMCTMHKUnjn M3Metiy AyuJe M HbeHe cjiMKe, e i d o l o n a , noja je y A O A n p y c M a T e p n jo M , n o c T o j n j o m j e A H a npnMa. K a m e c e A a je X e j i e H a n o 6 e rjia c n a p n co M m A a je 6 m ia y 3 pOH paTa M3 M e tiy r p n a m T p o j a H a iia. Ajim HMje MCTMHa A a je X e ji e H a MKa^a 6 MJia y T p o jM : OHa j e ocTa jia y E m n T y , a T p 14M m T p o ja H ^ M c y c e 6 opmjim caMO o k o ht-eHe MAOJie, ,,jiy T K e no ja je n o A c e li a j ia Ha hby. f ln T a r o p e jU M n a w y A a c e o b o o a h o c m Ha A y -
m y Koja c e HMje McnpaBHO MHKapHMpajia y Te jiy , Hero MMa k o h t3 k t c hbMM nocpeACTBOM C B o r e id o lo n , C B o r H M ^ e r Ae/ia, npaBO peMeho, CBoje cjiMKe Koja c e o r jie A a jia y o r jie A a jiy mjim boam, ajiM O B A e c H a M e p o M A a c e ynaw e Ha c}>mho m acTpajiHO Te jio . Y n p a B O c y n o y r j i e A y n a OBe n p M M e HajCTapMjM mOCTMUM KOjM Cy H 3 M n03H3TM, CMmoh M a r M3 C a M a p M j e m hberoBM c j ie A 6 eHMu,m, ro B o p M jiM A a je TparMMHa c y A 6 MHa 6 ow a H cn e M y A p o c T M , n o ja je 3 jio c T a B Jb a H a Hen p M ja T e jb C K M M CMJiaMa m k o h 8 mho c n a c e H a o a p a c n p o c T M p a H b a , 5 m a c M M 6 0 jiM 3 0 B a H a mmtom o X e jie H M T p o ja H C K o j m tt,eHOM eid o lo n . Mmcjimm A a m obo 6 au,a H e o M e K M B a n y C B e T jio c T Ha n o p e n j io rHOCTMq,M3Ma.
A jim B a w H M je je A a c y obm mmtobm AaJin m o c T M U M M a M 0 ry t iH 0CT A a n p y w e h o b o m o p M m H a jiH O p e m e K b e c n o p H O M n p o 6jie M y . O h m c y 3HajiM A a n o c T o jM T a n o HeujTO n a o lu t o je n p o je K ^ M ja . Y C TBapM , n p o je K ^ M ja je 6 yK B a jiH M m a A e K B a T H M n p e B O A m o c T M M K o r ie x H M M K o r M 3 p a 3 a p r o b o l e . Ajim c e ohm H M cy CJ10H5M/IM c tmm A a je B o r n p o je n u M ja M O Bena. H a n p O T M B , OHM c y CBOjM M M M arM H aTM BH M M MMLUJbeH^eM M3 p a m a B a jiM y B e p e H 3 e Aa cy C B e T m M O Ben npojeHU,M ja B o r a . T o CBe 33 BMCM o a To ra Aa jim ce c jia m e T e c tmm Aa n po 3o p M ow e MMaTM ABOCTpyKy 4)yHKU,Mjy: M3 O ApefjeH or yrjia y HieMy b m a m Te c e 6 e, M3 A P y ro r yrjia M om eTe rjieAaiM npo3 hbera m bmactm CTBapHOCT m MCTMHy. 3 a /byAe M3 C TapnHe o rjie A a jio je TajHOBMTMje Hero 3a Hac. Y H,eMy M om eTe BMAeTM BjiacTMTy pe(t>jieKCMjy. Ajim Ka^a ra y n o T p e 6 jbaBaTe 3a ,,KaT 0 n T p 0 MaHTMjy , Tj. 3 a M am jcKO npopMuan>e, OHAa ce 6 oroBM n on a 3 yjy y o rjie A a jiy m y hbeMy ce M ow e carjieAaTM 6 yAytiHOCT. O m e A a Jio Monse 6 mtm M am jcKO o rjieAajio Koje Ha CBojoj 6p0H3aH0j noBpLUMHM nejacH o OApaw aBa o 6 pMce jiMU,a a Mnan a o s BOJbaBa yBMA y Heno3H aTy AHMeH3Mjy n o ja tie ce KacHMje BMAeTM jacHO. ,,TaKo caA b m Ammo Kao npo3 CTanjio y 3aroHeTKM, a OHAa tieMo jiMu,eM Ka J iM u y , okom na OKy , Kame ria B jie y I nocjiaHMU,M K o p M H tia H M M a , t ji. 13.
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EyflyfiM fla fHMcaM opMTMHa/iaH m mhbbhthB3H c}3M/io3oc}) Kao XaHc JoHac Mopao CaM Aa M3af}eM bbh cneu,M4)MKauMja c|)m/io3o4)CKor npMCTyna KaKO 6mx 06yxBaTM0 ABe aoAaTHe TeMe: a/ixeMMjy m /iMTepaTypy. MaKO c})M/io3oc|)Mja ocTaje moj npMMapHM MHTepec m 36or xp 0H0/i0rMje m 36or CTBapHor 3HaHaja, yK/byHMBai-be OBe Apyre ABe TeMe c/iywM 3ajeAHMHKOM nM/by: pa3BMjanby weltgeschichte (cBeTCKe noBecTM) mocTMUM3Ma. McTpafKMBaHsa mctohhmx, 3anaAHMx na naK m eThmmkmx TpaAMU,Mja pe3y/iTMpa/ia cy TMMe l u t o cy 0He McnpaBHO npeno3HaTe Kao OHe Koje AOnpMHOCe yHMBep3a/lHOM MCTOpMjCKOM CK/iony MCTopMje mocTMUM3Ma m caMe mo3e. AyxOBHa MCTopMja Koja HMje MCTopMja caMor mocTMUM3Ma Hero hberoB npaTM/iau, jaB/ba ce M3BaH h.mx. T o je MCTopMja M3a30Ba m OA3MB3, Koja je y M3BecHOM nor/ieAy 3HanaHMja 3a Hauie M0AepH 0 caM0-pa3yMeBan>e oa mocTMUM3Ma y HajyweM CMMC/Iy. Kao T a kbm, hbeHM AonpMHOCM He 6m Tpe 6a/io caMo A a ce 3anaMTe Hero m A a ce n03MTMBH0 H ar/iace. M3a30B He Ao/ia3M yBeK oa HeKor cno/bauihber M3Bopa; oh ce MOwe nojaBMTM m M3HyTpa. y obom noc/ieAHjeM c/iyHajy, A p y ^ tbo, 3ajeAHMua, HaHMH MMm/beH.a m /im BepoBaH.a, Mory ce TaKO OTyfjMTM oa ce 6e, Aa ce pe3y/iTaT, noMofiy TepMMHa CM/ie m AHHaMMKe, Morne ynopeAMTM ca ohom CMTyai4MjoM y Kojoj M3330B AO/ia3M cno/ba. 3 a T O BM LUe BO/im m Aa roBopMM 0 mocTMHKoj mmc/im Hero o mocTMUM3My, je p 6m , Ha 0CH0By c})MHa/iHor AOKyMeHTa CKyna y MecMHM (1966), thoctmILM33M Tpe 6a/io Aa 6yAe jacHo Aecj)MHMcaH, orpaHMHeH noKpeT, Ma r^e Aa cy OTKpMBeHM hberOBM M3BOPM. MefiyTMM, M3pa3 ,,mOCTMHKa MMcao Mowe ce ynoTpe 6M TM Aa 03HaHM He caMo r/iaBHM e/ieMeHT y MMLu/beH.y thoCTMUM3M3 Hero m OTyf}yjyfiM e/ieMeHT KojM ce jaB/ba yHyTap TpaAMUMje Koja m3bopho HMje mocTMHKa, KojM noceAyje caM0-M3a30B m 3axTeBa caM0- 0Ar 0B0p. Pa3/iMKOBai-be M 3Mefjy MMm/beH>a KOje oapawaBa yHyTpawH.M npouec caMO-OTyf]eH.a m MMUi/behba Koje ce 6paHM oa cTpaHor M3a30Ba He npeAJiameM y cb3kom c/iynajy. Oa-
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3.12)
Ha o c HOBy KberoBe TeHAeHu,Mje m c a A P ^ a ja mcnyH3 aBa MCTy 0 CH 0 BHy c}DyHKUMjy m Mahbe m/im Brnue mohmctmhkm noMMBa yH yTa p c e 6 e. O Ba MMhbeHMua oc/io 6 at)a Hac 3aflaTKa Aa pa cnpaB/baMO o nopeK/iy m ocTMHKe mmc/im m rH0CTMU,M3Ma. O c/io 6 af)a Hac tmm BMiue lu to pewei-be T o r MCTopMjcKor n p o 6 /ieMa CKopo KeM36ewH0 yK/bynyje Anja/ieKTMKy ABe moryfiHOCTM: t o je , c jeAH e CTpaHe, nojaBa no~ KpeTa, A y x , o a h o c h o TeHAeHu,Mja, KOja ce Herp,e Aorat^a a 33tmm ce ujmpm m bpujm yTMu,aje; c A P yre CTpaHe, t o je yHyTpaujH>a M eTaMopc|D03a Ae-noBa A a Te pe/iMTMje m/im c{dm/i030* cjDM je y mocTMMKy pe/iMmjy, o a h o ch o c{dm/io30C|DMjy. CBeAOHaHCTBO O OBOJ AHja/ieKTMUM bmammo y K0HTpaBep3M oko To ra Aa /im je CaM mOCTMU,M3aM cfDM/lOSOclDMja1, OAHOCHO Aa m , y n p o 4 e c y ao ^^m m hh o t OA 6 au,MBaH)a m Ae/iMMMHHor npMXBaTaH 3a opMjeHTa/iHe mmtoziorMje, cjDM/i030c}DMja n o c Ta je m ocTMHKa. C/ i o m e H a T e M a ,,mo 3 a m 4 DM/i0 3 0 c{DMja yo 6 MnajeHO ce MOJ+se o 6 pat]MBaTM Ha n e T M p M naHMHa: n o c M a T p a T M nao c } 3M/io3 oc}DMja no c e 6 M Ha 0 C H 0 By CBor c a 3 HajHor e/ieMeHTa. O B A e ce MCTopMja Kojy MM M M 3 M O y B M A y MOl+te npOLUMpMTM T 8 KO A ^ y ce 6 e yK/byHM T e 0 3 0 c}DCKe ceK T e M 3 j y w H e O p a H u y c K e (6 M C K y n CocfDpoHMje M3 Be3Mjea, M O A e p H M a/i6 MwaHM), x a p M O H M 3 yjytie r/ieAMLUTe o jeAMHCTBy HayKe, y M e T H o c T M m pe/iMrnje y /iyu,Mc}DepcKoj Te 0 3 0 c}DMjM PyAO/ic})a LLlTajHepa, a mcto TaKo m h o b o ocTBapehbe M M C T e p M 0 3 0 c}DMje m M a m j c K o r K a p a K T e p a m n BOTa KaKo ce to M o w e HatiM k o a H e M a H K o r na/ieoHTo/iora E^rapa Aanea. (b) THoceo/ioLUKM e/ieMeHT koj' m Mopa Aa npeBa3Mf}e k o c m m h k m a ya/iM3aM y h o a b o c m m c/ieHMM t h o c t m h k m m CMCTeMMMa Ae/iyje m y MOHMCTMHKMM CMCTeMMMa KaO XOMeOnaTCKM cjDaKTop KojM noMante Aa ce jeBpejCKM m xpMLutiaHCKM mocTML|M3aM OA 6 paHe oa ohmx cjDopMy/iauMja Koje c y T p e 6 a/ie A a no cTa H y je p e T M H K e . O b o je c }D y H A a M e H T a / iH a 0 C H 0 B a MCTMHCKM K O H C T p y K T M B H e pe/lMTMjCKe c}dM/IO30C}DMje, Tj. OCHOBa KOja KOHCTpyMLUe CMCTeM MMLU/behba KOjM 6 m TeopMjCKM yxapM0HM30Bao T3K03BaHe MHTe/ieKTya/iHe m pe/iMmjcKe e/ieMemre (nan m ano TaKBa pe/iMmja HMKa-
Aa HMje eMriMpMjcKM nocToja/ia), H acynpoT c^)M/i030c}DMjM Koja npeTnocTaB/ba Heny ew nMpMjCKy pe/iMmjy m M CTpaw yje je y CK/iaAy ca OApet}eHMM npMHi^MnMMa aHa/iMTMHKor, o a h o c h o CMHTeTMHKor pacytjMBahba. FIm ohm pM y 0B0j 06 /iacTM c y Be/iMKM A/ieKcaHApnHiaHM, MOH^Aa Beti O m/10H (3aBMCHO OA AOcjDMHMU.Mje m o 3 e ), a CMrypHO K/ieMeHT m OpMreH. rioc/ieAH.M npeACTaBHMi^M 0B 0r r/ieAMLuTa 6 m/im 6 m , M3Met^y ocTa/iMx, HeKM pycKM 4dm/i o 3 oc}dm M3 A e B e TH a e cTo r Bena, o a 1/lBaHa B. KMpMjeBCKor ao flMMMTpMja C . M e p e u jKOBCKOT.
(c) Kao A a
,,rH 0 3 a
je OHa
ce
Mowe
MHTepnpeTMpaTM
MOMeHT y
cbbkm
n o je A M H M
6e
n o c p e A y je m o 3e
c e 6 M.
YHyTap
0 B0r LUMper
cxBaTaH>a
c n a A a jy
CMCTeM
(a) ,,rH03a ce M o m e
Aor-
Ke HanMcao j e O epAM HaHA K p M C T M ja H B a y p . (d ) HeTBpTM H3HMH 6aB/beH.a HaLUMM npeAMeTOM npeACTaB/beH je y TeopMjaMa ca3Han.a m nepu,enu,Mje y KojMMa ce, yoniuTeH o roBopetiM, c/imhho npeno3H aje c/imhhmm. O s a j npM/ia3 noHenaA je M3Bop mmctmhkc m/im nojMOBHe MAeHTMc}DMKaulMje cy6je K Ta m cy6 je K Ta , o a h o ch o c y 6 jeKTa m o6jeK Ta. O b A e HaBOAMMO mohmctmhkm acneK T MCTopMje n/iaTOHM3Ma yK/bynyjytiM Heon/iaTOHM3aM, hmj'm Aya/iMCTMHKM acneK T npMna^a npBoj oa Hau/Mx KaTeropMja a npeACTaB/beH je y A p y roj m Tp e tio j. O h ce 3aBpmaBa ca KaHTOBOM KpMTMHKOM c}DM/1030C}DMj0M M MOAepHOM MaTeMaTMKOM, a/iM TaKotje yK/bynyje m Te Te a . HeAaBHo ra je E p h c t KacM pep OTe/i0TB 0 pM0 y M3BaHpeAHOM M3/iaraH>y npo6/ieMa ca3HaH.a y MOAepHOM A o 6 y .
[7 8 ]
2 Fr. 8 m 238, pp. 80f. Kern. 3 C f. Keirn, index III sub Erebos, Nyx, Chaos, Okeanos, etc.
O h o u j t o cm o OBAe n p e A C T a B m i n j e c y , na paBH O, caM O MeTnp n MAea/iHa T n n a ; o h h c e JiaKO M o r y m A PyKHM je cxBaTMTM, o a h o c h o hbnxoBM e/ieMeHTM M o r y c e OBAe-O Hfle penaT e r o p n 3 0 B a T M . Me1iyTMM, 3Hanaj OBe n e T n p n K a T e r o p n j e 3a Hauie u,MJbeBe j e c T e y o h o m o lu t o mm j e 3ajefl,HMHHo: OHe He n p e A C Ta B Jb a jy oA3MBe Ha M3a30Be m o c T M H K e mmcjim y C T p o r o M cM n c / iy . O H e c y npe HacTaBu,M m o CTMHKe m o 3 e , o a h o c h o cmhoficmcm kojm 3aBMce o a MCTpahKMBaneBe npMMeHe A p yrM X OApefjei-ba 4)MAeMCTMHKor mjim OHTOJiouuKor npeno3HaBahba. y obmm c/iyHajeBMMa M o r y i i e je MAeHTMCfDMKOBaTM THOCTMHKM M3a30B; aJlM C T e n e H MHTpocneKu,Mje kojm c e O BA e sa xTe Ba yHMLUTMO 6m M 0 ry f iH 0 C T hbero Bor pa3/iMKOBahba o a 6mjio Ko r c y 6 je K T M B H o r M HTejieKTya/iHor MOTMBa. O B e K a T e ro p M je c e MnaK mop a jy ycTaHOBMTM He c a M o 3 6 o r jaBHOCTM H e ro m A a 6m HaM pa3HM mmcjimou,m 6mjim 6jim}hm KaAa mx n 0 H 0 B 0 c p e T H e M O y A P y r o M A e j iy 0 B 0 r HjiaHKa. HAeHTMcf3MKau,Mja C T B a p H o r M3a30Ba 3 a x T e B a HajiameHDe m o t m b 3 KojM HMje c a M o y H y Tpaiuhbe cy6 je K T M B a H H e ro A03BOJbaBa m eKC T p a n o jia u M jy . K p m t m h k m anajiMTMHap m m u j jbenba M op a AOKa3MBaTM caM O t o ; MCTOpMHap M o w e npoHafiM A O A a T H e p a 3 Jiore koj ' m My A 0 3BO JbaBajy A a roBopM o CT B a p H o j o c h o b m Ko ja 0 M 0 ry f ia B a e K C T p a n o jia u M jy . I l o c T o j e A Ba n o n e T K a w e l t g e s c h i c h t e m o 3 e , koj ' m c e , B e p o B a TH o He c jiyH a jH o , jaB/bajy y oTnpM/iMKe m c t o B p e M e y TpH Koj m y I/Ih a m j m . y k o h T e K C T y Haiue p a c n p a B e , o h m Tan HO 0 A r 0 B a p a j y Te3M K o iy m m m 3 h o c m m o : M O w e M O ro b o p m t m o o p c }3m h k o m m ynaHMLuaACKOM ac~ n e K T y y OKBMpy rpHKor m m h a m j c k o t MMLUJbehba, mjim M O w e M O t o b o p m t m o o p 4 ) m h k o m m vnaHMiuaACKOM n o K p e T y KojM c y cno/ba yTMuajiM Ha rp H K y m MHAMjcKy )MJi030c{DMjy. 3a HaLue H a M e p e 0Ba a jiTepHaTM B a M O w e o c t 3 t m nepeLueHa. A jim 3 a 6 e jie w M fie M O opc|)MHKe m yn a H M m a A C K e M3a30Be m OAa6MpajyfiM n p a TMTM MCTOpMjy hbMXOBMX OA3MB3 AO ASHaUJhbMx BeoMa pa3MJia3efiMX no3Mi4Mja.
ripaBM mocTMHKM cu,eHapMo: A yuja y 3aTB0p y T e jia ;2 AeMOHMHKa A yiua y M3maHCTBy, 6 aneHa y cBeT cjieACTBeHO rp e m u ,M , m o 6yneHa y cipa H O p yxo oa M eca ; 6 owaHCa s y n e rg ia (c a A e jC TB o ) A y w e ; t-beno nyTOBaHbe Kpo3 HeKOJiMKO Tejia; AyaJiMCTMHna y.3APHKjbMBOCT; KOHaHHa peMHTerpau,Mja Mefjy 6 oroBe mjim y Eora caM or. Ocmm To ra , noctojm He caMo napajiejia Hero MomAa m npnripeMa 3a mocTMHKe cfreHOMeHe y napa3MTckom cTa B y npeMa caBpeMeHOM pejiMrMjckom MMJbey. O B A e MMaM Ha yM y noTajHy y n o T p e 6 y nceyAoenMrpac})Mje y jiMTepaTypn; CKJIOHOCT Ka CTBapaH 3y 4)aHTaCTMHHMX M KOMriJieKCHMX KOCMOrOHMJCKMX M TeOrOHMjCKMX cneK ^jiau M ja ;3 oAP^aBahbe Koer3MCTeHU,Mje c}dmji030c|dckmx m MamjcKMX TeHAeHU,Mja, mhreHM03He cmm6 ojimk 6 m mmtojiolukmx HeoApefjeHOCTM, AyxoBHe A y 6 MHe m LuapjiaTanCTBa; npMCyTHOCT eJlMTMCTMHKe M e30TepMHne oceTJbMBOCTM c jeAH e CTpaHe, m ckmtbn a H K M wm bot y aHapxMjcKMM 3ajeAHMu,aMa Koje c y 3aMHTepecoBaHe 3a oTKpoBeHaa, npoHMuufieHja m n yA e ca , c A p y re . O Baj TM n B e p o B a T H e rp H K e n p e T n o c T a B K e
M om e lu t o ce n p o ujM pM TM tb k o Aa m yK JbyH M oho p a 3 JiM K y je lip o M e T e ja c n 0 C 0 6 H 0 CTM
Koje j e o h A a o , o a APyrMX rpHKMX 6 o r o B a m M y A p o c T M K O jy c y ohm a ^ jim . H poM eTej j e cynapH M K H a jB M iu e r 6 o r a . I I o l u t o MMa o c o 6 m h 6 A e M M jy p r a -n p e B a p a H T a , o h CTB apa onceHO M m 0 6 M a H 0 M, o a h o c h o M 3HOBa y c M e p a B a n p o u ,e c C T B a p a tta , p a 3 M e T jb M B o m H a A M e H O T B p AefiM A a n y n a n o jiy M C T M H a K o jy o h n o c e A y je MMa K a p a K T e p c a M o c T B a p a n b a . O h y c n o c T a B jb a o A p e f ie H e n e c T O H e n p M ja T H e a c n e K r e ^KM BOTa, u,MBMJiM3au,Mje m J b y A C K o r y c y A a , T j. c m p tm . O h M o m e 6mtm a rp e c M B a H m jiacu,M B 3 H , nao TB O p a u , H O B e n a o h M o m e c n p e H y T M n p o u ,e c C TB a p a K b a ca T O K a koj m j e 3aMMCJiMO 3 e B c , o 6 jiM K y jy fiM y H O B e K y y H y T p a iu h b y n p o T M B p e H H O C T K o ja c e c a c T o jM y T O M e lu t o ce o h , MaKO je 0 6 jiM K 0 BaH n o cjimu,m, 6 o r o B a p a 3/iM K yje o a A y u iy . HdMx n o T O M e u jto MMa r p o 3 H y c tb o p m tm
Ha m ctm h b h m h , o h
M om e
o6 m h h o
Ha3BaHM
MaKO c e OHM H e c TO M o r y e K C Tp a -
4 Cf. A e s ch ylu s . Pr. 250, 442 506; npeMa U . Bianchi, ,,ProibIeime 164 '68.
[7 9 ]
6 Cf. J. BoiIIack, Empedocle, 1. 153 n. 6; 155 n. 3, n. 6; 284 n. 4; 289 n. 1; 2. 53 fr. 110; 3/1. 64; 147f.; 154 n. 1; 183 86; 3/2. 576 85.
p,a j e o h T a j kojm o a h o b c k b n p a -
bm h o m o f a b e r a .4 OBfle n o c To je oMMr/ieAHe napanene ca mocTMHKHM AeMnjyproM, noce6HO ca ohmm noA MMeHOM JajiAa6oaT, Kora ca^a 6ojbe nero oa HpeHeja, OpnreHa m cnnca Pistis Sofia n03HajeM0 M3 cnnca: Anonpn(|3 JoB3 HOB, XnnocTa3a apxoHaTa, O nopeKJiy cbgTa, A p y ra pacnpaBa o C e Ty n Tpoo6nnMHa OpoTeHoja (A a He cnoMHhbeMO MHora HOBa ynyhnBaH>a Ha Cnajiaca). JajiAa6oaT ce XBajimue Aa HeMa 6ora n3Ban hbera. Oh ce mowe OKapaKTepncaTM caMO nao ncnxnMKO (He Ho e TM H K o ) 6nhe, K o r a n o K p e t i e 3aBWCT, njiaxobmtoct n myAHba 3a M o t i n ; oh je npeABOAhmk He caMo K yjiTyp e CBeTa Hero m nocMoca
nao uejiMHe Ha Te M ejby H>eroBor HecaBpm eHor HiiHa cTB a pa ^a , nnja je cyA6nHa OApe-
CKa 4>M/io3o4)Mja Mory ce noHOBo pa3MOTpMtm K3H0 6m BMAe/iM Aa jim m y KOM CTeneHy O H e OApamaBajy op4jmhko m (y hckmm cjiynajeBMMa) npoMeTejcKO MMLUjbeH>e, MaAa je obo jouj oHMrjieAHMje y He4>M;i0304>CK0j jimTepaTypM . Ako Haujy namHay orpaHMHMMo Ha KjiacMHHy CTapMHy, Hauje MCTpawMBaH>e 6m Haj 6 ojbe 3anonejio ca jeAHe TaHKe rjieAMuiTa Koja je HerAe M3Metiy cjieAefia ABa eKCTpeMa MHTepnpeTauMje. Ha jeAHOM Kpajy cneKTpa Hajia3M ce meAMUJTe BMJiaMOBMU-Me/ieHAop4>a KojM je, y cbom 0 rp 0 M H 0 M no3HaBaH>y rpnne jiMTepaType, CByAa jacHO BMAeo npMCyCTBO Op4)MHKMX T0H0B3, M3K0 je OH Ao AeTajba pa3jacHMO cBeAonaHCTBa m Ha ocHOBy To ra nogeK ao nocTojaKbe op4>M3Ma y CMMC/Iy noKpeTa. Ha ApyroM Kpajy cy 6pnTaHCKM m aMepMHKM KjiacMHapM KOjM cy y TOKy HeKOJiMKO reHepau;Mja pa^MjiM Ha njiOAO-
tjeHa 3Be3AaMa. Henn rHOCTnmi MAy AaJbe Hero ujto cy rpu,n nnaA hmhmjim c HpoMeTejeM n H a 3 H B a j y JajiAa6oaTa npoKJieTHM 6otom .
Mano c y M o r/ in n o c T o ja T n n c T O p n jc K M o a H0 CH H 3 M e t j y O p 4 )M3 M a M rHOCTM I4M3 M a , r i p o M e T e ja m J a j iA a 6 o a T a , T M M e u j t o H e p a 3 M a TpaMO nn Tanba n o p e n j ia O B A e c e M o m e M o o rpaHMHMTM Ha n p M B Jia H H e C T p y K T y p a j i H e cjimmh octm . A k o 6 m T p e 6 a jio A a M M a H ener BMUjer oa T o r a , ancMOMM n o j i M r e H e T M H K o r o 6 jauiHDe-
hba McnyH>aBajy c e HMhbeHMUOM A a H e n o c Toje O H M rjie A H a yn p ujT ai-b a opcjDMHKe m n p o M e T e j c n e TpaAM i^M je. H H T e p e c a H T H o je, MetiyTMM, A a X M n o jiM T , o n T y w y j y f i M M a p K M O H a 3a n jia rM p a H ie E M n e A O K jia , M H T e n p e T M p a M a XHMTy jiyA O C T H e c K J ia A a (N e ik o s ) Kao A e M M j y p r a . K o a O B o r n p B o r , A e M O H M H K a A y ^ u a je
B e p o B a jia m CTora m
tbophom Met)yAejioBaH3 y 4)HJiojiorMje m aHTponojiomje. HbMXOBM 3aHeTHMu,M cy JoxaH JaKo 6 5axo4>eH m MejMc U- O p e j 3ep. Ho m m OBAe He HaMepaBaMo Aa McnMTyjeMO h>mxoBy cjiMKy j a c H o 0 A p e t ) e H 0 r m p a m M p e H o r op4)M3Ma m3ko 6 m ce obo Morjio ypaAMTM eKCTpanojiauMjaMa M3 rpnne 4>nJio3o4)CKe JiMTepaType; hmtm HaMepaBaMo HeKM aHajioraH noTXB3T c o63mpom Ha xpMiitiaHCHM m oCTMU,M3aM M 4>HJ10304>Mjy U,pKBeHMX OTaU,. Mm paAMje mejiMMo Aa ycT 3H0BMM0 jeAHy MOAepHy aHajiomjy.
J,o6po je n 0 3 H a T0 A a EpMK O e r e j i M H
m E p h c t TonM H y n o T p e 6 j b a B a j y noja M m o 3 e Kak o 6 m HpMTMKOBa/iM p a 3 H e n o rjie A e Ha c B e T
je
M3 m a H a M e fjy
A a J ie K O
oa
6/ ia m e H o r
6a n e H a
nynajytiM mx M3 M3 B o p H o r J e A H o r m n o T a n a jytiM mx y o n e a H , T j . y B O A e H M m e r c B e T a . M ow Aa OBAe o p 4jmhko m rHOCTMHKO-AeMMj y p u jK O CTaHOBMUJTe HMcy McnpaBHo aHajiM3MpaHM m pa3JiyneHM ;5 ajiM Ham M3Bop je 6 mo y CTaHjy Aa, 6 apeM , ycTBpAM Aa c y ohm je A HO.
Kao t h o c t m h k o 0 3 H a n a B a jy CBe u j t o je k p m b o 3a o rp e m e H > e o y p e tie H o cT 6 Mtia. A.e4)MHMUMja 0 B 0 r nocjieA fber n o jM a T p a jH o je ^ J o p M ^ n c a H a y T O H y n o cjieAH>e A B e xM JbaAe roAM Ha y M e A M Te p a H c k o m MMm/beHDy m A eJian>y; t o j e c T , H>eroBM c a A p w a j M M c u p n j b y j y c e ru iaT O H C K M M m apMC T O Te J lO B C K M M M Mm jbeH>eM Kao M je B p e jC K O -x p M m t i a H C K O M TpaAM i^M joM , K oja j e m c a M a H a j c T a 6 MJiHMja y c M H T e 3M c a ru i a T 0 H M 3 M 0 M m apM CT0TejiM 3M 0M . C a rjia c H O c a ohm m m T O je M3B3H o b m x TpaA M ijM ja, o n c e r DHora m T O je THO CTMH K O npeABMAMBO je BeJlMK. O e re jiM H A O K a 3 y je n0CT0jaH>e m o c TM H K o r je 3 rp a y
m M A e o jio m je . O h m xp M m tiaH C K o j je p e c M (yK JbynyjytiM p e 4 o p M a u,Mjy m n y p M T a H M 3 a M ) , y h ojim tm hk m m n o n p e TM M 3 K3KBM C y K O M y H M 3 3 M M HaU,M3aM, M y
J\a 6 m c a ^ a a o u j j im a o nM Tan>a M 3 a 3 0 B a ,
e M n e A O K j io B C K a , n M T o r o p e j c K a m njia TO H O B -
[80]
c|3n/i030cjDCKMM iuKO/iaMa KaKBe c y /iM6 epa/iM3aM , e r 3 M C TeH unjajiM 3aM m ncM xoaHajiM 3a. To n nM H a ;ia 3 M th o c th m k o , T j. npeA H ayM H O n o p e n jio HapoMMTO y X e re / i 0 B0 j Te/ieo/ioujKoj KOHuenuiMjM MCTOQMje; y MapKCM3 M y oh HaJia3 n c e K y ^ a p n 3 0 BaHje m o cTM M K o r M HTa o c n a ce h b y y Anja/ieKTMMKOM npouile c y r y 6 A .e hba n 3a A o 6 n ja H ,a MOBena. Mm c m o O B ^ e 3 aM HTepecoBaHM A a n o K y rnaMo Aa aHy/inpaMO Hacn/be Koje ce HaHO-
n o 3 H aTor pa3Boja o a PnrBeAe npeno BpaxMaHa a o ynaHMLuaAa. y Pmtboam brahm an je MMCTMMK3 MOh KOja CBeT CBeTora MMHM AeziaTHMM. y EpaxM aHaMa oh ce jaB/ba Kao HenepcoHa/iHM KopecnoH A eH T nepcoHa/iHor flpatjanaTM ; h>mx ABOje 3ajeAHO kohctmtym* ujy yHMBep3yM. y ynaHMLuaAaMa, Met)yTi4M, b ra h m a n je n o cTa o CTBapa/iaMKM m noc/ieAh>m TeMe/b 6 Mha. Oho, 3ancTa, M 3 Mera cy CTBapn potieHe, oho no neMy, afla cy pofiene, mnBe, oho y ujts npn HecTajaHjy yna3e oho je myAhba pa3yMa. To je 5paxMa. . . EpaxMa je pa3yM (viijnana, pas/iMiKOBiHa mwMBMAyajiHa OBecT). Jep, 3ancTa, npaBa 6nfia cy Ty potjeHa M 3 pa3yMa, nafla ce poAe wmb6 no pa3yMy, HaAa HecTajy yjia3e y pa3yM.6
cn nojMy m o3e. Hao u jto c m o BMAe/in, m o3a 6apeM cTpyKTypa/iHo MMa Hene Be3e c a ApyrMM H3330BHMa, M OHM H3M MOry nOMOflM MAeHTMcjDMKyjeMo M oryhe n 0 B0A e 0H0ra ujto je nocTy/inpaHO Kao 6e3BpeMeHM, Tj. BeMHH
peA 6 nfia. H a npnMep, nypnTaHM 3aM m n c n xoaHa/in3a Bnme cy opc{5MMKM, KOMyHM3aM m MapKCM3aM MMajy oco6MHy npoM eTejcKor, Hau,M3aM HarnH>e jajiAa 6 oaTCKOM, m m ow a 3 cy caMO xere/iM3aM m e r 3 MCTeHLAMja/in3aM mOCTMMKM y M3PMMMT0 P33/1MMMTOM, MaAa jaCHO OApmMBOM, CMMC/iy. 0 A H 0 cy Ha 0Be MAeHTMc{)MKa4Mje, O e re/iMHOBa m TonMMeBa O A^paHa MMajy c m m c /ia 6e3 o63Mpa Aa /im c y HbMxoBe 4)opMy/iau,Mje aTpaKTMBHe m/ im He. Hao lu to noK a3yjy A p y re cf)M/i030c}3Mje, a/ixeMMja m /iMTepaTypa, MorytiM c y m nporpecMBHMjM o a 3 m bm . A hm He yBawaBajytiM OBy MMHjeHMuy, 0ere/iMHOBe m lonMMeBe 4>opMy/ianMje 3aHMM/bMBe c y yTO /im k o lu to npM naAajy o h o m TMny kojm ce m o w e AecjDMHMcaTM HaujoM HaMepaBaHOM aHajio m jo M . ripBM, noBe3yjytiM CBojy ueH.eHy yMeHOCT 3a KpMCTMjaHM30BaHy 0 H T0 /i0 m jy, 0Ar0B apa CBojMM npoTMBHMU,MMa m cynapHM U,MM3 Kao LUTO c y TO Ll,pKBeHM O l^M paAM/lM Ba/ieHTMHU,MMa, OCjDMTMMa M c/ieA6eHMUMMa MapKMOHa, m Kao lu to je FI/io t m h OAroBapao HyMeHMjaHi4MMa. TonMM, M3 nepcneKTM Be Heono3MTMBMCTMMKe TeopM je HayKe, 0Ar0B apa CTpeM/beH>eM Ka u,M/by kojm ce cacTojM y noB/iaMehby OTyl]eHDa 6auj Kao lu to 6 m m npoM eTejcKa pa36opMTOCT, Koja je nyKa npanca m cnpeTHOCT, npeMa ri/iaTOHOBOM rip o Ta ro p n (3 2 7 d ), Tpe6a/ia Aa 6 yA e 3aMeHbeHa bmlumm A apoM no/iMTMMKe MyApocTM KOja je A aTa Ha noACTpen 3 e B c a .
BpaTM M O c e c a A a mhamjckom M3 a 3 0 By. y c p e A c p e t)y jy liM ce Ha nojM O B e b ra h m a n
Atman, y PMTBeAM ,,Aax , o a h o ch o ,,whb o t , y ynaHMUiaAaMa je Aou/ao a o Tora p,a 6 yA e /immhoct, o a h o c h o Ay^ua nao c|DyHAaMeHTa/iHa 0 CH0 Ba ctDyHKu,Mje My/ia.
l-bera (atman) ne Bn^e, jep je HenoTnyH y nojeflMHaHHOM. Kafla Amue Ha3MBa ce AaxoM, Kafla ro B o p n penjy, naA r/ieAa ohom, naA c/iyLua yBOM, naA pa3MMjj.nba pa3yMOM. A to cy caMo MMeHa H>eroBHX Ae/ia. OHaj Hojn ra c/iabh y nojeAMHaHHOM He noaHaje ra: jep oh je HenoTnyH y nojeAHHaHHOM. Tpe 6a cjiaBmn atmam m Ta^a cBe obo nocTaje jeA'HO.7 TeopMja b ra h m a n -a tm a n MOwe ce jouj pa3yMeTM nao M M caoHa /lMHMja 3a nojy ce tbpam Aa MAe oa CaMXMTa m EpaxMaHa MMje Ae/iOBe jom yBeK caMMH>aBajy MHore ynaHM m aAe a o nacHMX C yTpM . O Ba MMcaOHa hmt KapaKTepMme ce OACTynaH.eM oa mpTBOBaHba m hobmm TyMaMehbeM 6 Mtia Ha Koje BMme HMje yTML;a/io mpTBOBahbe. A p y n MMje, OHa ce Mome nocMaTpaTM Kao Aa je yTeMe/beHa y no K p e Ty T a ^ a HacejtaBaHor McTOKa, n o K p e Ty nojM 0 K p ym yje a b op ck o n/ieMCTBO Koje je pearoBa/io npoTMB pMTya/ihmx npeTeH3Mja cBeMotiHMx 6 paMaHa. Ma Kako Aa je, KaAa je jeAHOM 3aMCTa ycTaHOB/beH a, TeopMja b ra h m a n -a tm a n 6m a je M3a30B kojm je ocTao kohctp^ktm bhm MMHM/ia^ He caMO Kp03 MCTOpMjy MHAMjCKe c}DM/1030C|DMje, Hero je to , nao mTO tieMo BMAeTM, 6m a m 3a 3 a n a A y MyBeHOM mecTOM nor/iaB/by MaHAorja ynaHMm aAe, MOBeK Ha3BaH )/fl,anaHa ApyHM, noAyMaBa CBor cMHa LLJBeTaKeTya o 6 Mtiy
a tm a n , K p aTK o tieM O c e
noA ceTM TM A o 6 po
8 Chandogya Upanishad, noMaB>Jbe 6, 8. 7, 9. 4, 10.3, 11.3, 12.3, 13.3, 14.3, 15.3, 16, 3.
[81]
H a jBM iiie 6 0 hHaHCTB 0 , c y u i T M H a y H M B e p 3 y M a , MCTMHa, 3 0 Ba p a 3 MMUJ^.aHDa, m c b b k m n y T n o c /ieA H > a p e n e H M u a r/iacM : O h o l u t o j e Hajc^MHMja c y LUTMHa Aym y. o B a j ne/iM c B e T MMa t o Hao C B O j y
CMHT A H K e T M / l-A n n e p O H A O H e O M3 M H A M je M n p e B e o H a /i3tm hckm ( o 6ja B /b e H o 1801 1802). H a e ro B n p e B O A nocTao je n on p e T aM Ka M c n p a K o ja je M cnyH M /ia A p T y p a ULJoneHx a y e p a O Ayu/eB/beHDeM 3 a M H A M jc n o m m u j /bei-be. U J o n e H x a y e p je A a o r/iaBHM 4>m/1030c|dckh O A rO B O p M 3 a 3 0 B y M HAMJCKe m O C T M H K e MMC/im m noc/iy>KM o K a o n o A C T p e K a n H e K M X KacHMjMX B e o M a B a w H M X O A r o B o p a . O h , M etiytmm, HMje c x b 3 t m o u p n e k h a t n a o n o T n yH O XM HAyM CTM HKM ; H a n p o T M B , o h ra je CnojM O c a necM M M C T M H K M M a c n e K T M M a 6 y A M 3 M a ca K o jM M a c e y n o 3 H a o A P y r M M n y T e B M M a . y c M e p e H n p o T M B X e r e / ia m H >eM y c/imhhmx, LLIone H xa ye p je t b p a m o A a je OBaj c b c t H a jro p M o a cb m x M o ry t iM X C B e T O B a m A a je o h , LUTaBMLue, c a M o n p e A C T a B a K o j y je c y 6je K T KOjM n p e A C T a B / b a 3aK /byM M 0 m n o ja je O T y A a 3aBM C H a o a H>era. ob o j' TaHKM Fbe ro B O mmui/beH>e je K 0 H B e p m p a / i 0 c a 6 yAM C TM H KM M yHMBe p3a/iH M M m a y a M /iy3M OHM 3M OM, y M e H ie M K o je je yTMU,a/io H a X M H A y M 3 a M p.ao m H a c|3M/io 3o 4)M jy U J a M K a p e (c e A M M mjim ocm m B e n ). L L Io n e H x a y e p o B O A r o B o p M O BeKOBOj n o T p e 6 M 3 a c n a c e h b e M o a / lo u ie r m B a p / b M B o r C B e T a 6 mo je a b o c t p y k : h o b c k M o p a AOCTM tiM n p o CBeT/beH>e y n a H M m a A C K o r t a t t w a m a s i; TaK o tie c e M o p a yn y c T M T M y M eTa4>M 3MHKM /ieT M3 c B e T a ( l i l 0 n e H x a y e p 0 B0 3 an a A H > aH K O p a-
T o j e C T B a p H 0 C T (sa tya ). To j e A tm an ( A y w a ) . To cm tm , H l B e T a K e T y . 8 B e A a H T M C T M
npor/iaiua-
ra j e A H O M o a Be/iMKMx M3 p e K a hdMx o B e cJ)M/i0 3 0 c|DMje. T a t 3 H 3 mm n o j e A M H a H H O C T B a p H M , m m c to A y x o B H M b r a h m a n ; tw a m j e M HAM BM Aya/iHa A y w a . M 3 p e K a A e / i y j e nao H e Ka MHBOKau,Mja, n o 3 MB. Aa Ha^a hobck ce M cnpaBHO h m lut3 M y j e , 0 Ha M3 a 3 MBa 6 y t j e H 3e M3 C H a H e 3 HaH>a, 6 y l 3eH>e a o A p y ro Hero ctmmkmm CBecTM HM je
brahman.
M AeHTMTeTa. M ecTM Ma
O b o j e y n a A J b M B O c/immho 3 a n a A H M M t h o 4) o p M y / i a M a
Ha APyce o
tmm y n a H M L u a A C K M M
roBopM
C B e T y m H O B e K y n a o t b m m m c m p t m m, 0 T y A a , Kao o noTnyH M M c y n p o TH o c TM M a b r a h m a n -u m
cra jy tiM
m a n , H O B e K 6 MBa n o 3 BaH M3 T a M e
C B e T / i0 CTM m 6 e c M p T H O C T M . M e t j y T M M , T p e 6 a np M M eT M T M M o r y f i y AM CTM HKLjMjy M3 M e t } y 0 Be M C T O H H e 4 >M/i0 3 0 c^Mje m 3 a n a A H o r m o c T M i ^ M 3 M a. y o n u j T e H O cnacMTe/b ro BopetiM , y npBoj ce caM thoctm hkm npaBM flp e OTKpMBa oco6m
3yMeBan>e HMpBaHe).
o b o m K O H T eK C T y H e 6 m T p e 6 a/io A a np onycT M M O A a n o M e H e M o H eM aM Kor KOM no3 M T o p a Bam epa 3 a K o r a je, oh o / im k o ko/imk o c y o h m hberoBM np njaT e /bM TM C M H AM jCKM M CTBapMM a, H M pB B H a
M A e H T M T e T 3 a K ojMM Te/b 6 m p e n a o :
noc/ie T p a r a .
H e T o y j e 3 MK Y n a H M L u a A a , t h o c t m h k m c n a c M -
,,Ja c a M atman ( t m ) m tm cm
j a ( b r a h m a n ) . O b o M3 r/ ie A a A a n o A p a 3 y M e B a C H a w H M j y KOHU,enu,Mjy c n o / b a u j h b e r 0 T H p 0 B e H>a H e r o pa na lu to je OHa y cTBapM npM cyTHa y caM O YnaHMLuaAaMa r ^ e ta t c a 3 H ajH 0 M K a o M H T e / ie K T y a /iH a
MOHM3 M y
4 )y HKU,Mja
Jima
BaH^a. 0M/io3ocjDMja ta t t w a m asi d m a je Ae o nepcMjcKor npeBOAa ynaHMm aAa k o j m je Hahmhmo fla p a LUmkox 1657. roAMHe. llp e A M e T 0 B0 r noKym aja 6 m o je yTeMe/baBart>e H>eroBOr MMCTMHKOT M naHTeMCTMHKOT XyM3HM3Ma, kojm je c/iymMO nao 0 CH 0 Ba 3a HseroBO c n a jan>e XMHAyM3Ma m MC/iaMa. Pe3y/iTaT je 6 m o KHMra Oupnekhat, Kojy je A 6 p a xa M XMja-
6 yA M h>m-
8 flpeMa n. XaKepy.
[8 2 ]
Kao npeACTaBHMH HeMaMHor MAeajiM3Ma LLIoneHxayep je O AroBo pno M3a30By ta t tw a m asi Ha HannH nojn je nona3ao HieroB npeBacxoAHM n H Te p e c 3a eTHHKy AH M en3njy er3ncTeH Unje. 3 a Hiera ta t HMje 6mo AyxoBH n brahm an, Hero MeTac|DM3MHHa Bonia. rio cTH m yfie yHMBep3a/iHor Je A H o r obmm btmhhhm HAeHTHcfDMHOBaHieM cjiyH<M;io je Hao npOTOTnn 6m/io HOje caMO-nAeHTMcjDHHaiJtMje ca ,,6n/io hhm A P y rn M , m O TyAa 6m/io TeopnjcH O yTeMe/beH>e eTMHe caMH/iocTH. Hane/io ,,nem inem laede" (HMHora noBpeAM Tn ) 6n.no je H e n 3 6 e ^H a noc/ieAHM,a Bo/be 3a mmbotom nojoM ce HywHO ycnocTaB/ba naTHia c tb o peH^a. O B A e je , Mef)yTMM, LLloneHxayep 3aMeHMO CBO j BO/bHM M 0 H H 3 3 M C a 3 H a jH M M M 0H M 3 -
BpeMeHOM mocTM3ai4,MipM.
O b o npoyHaBahbe npMpoAe c y A e / i 0 Ba/i 0 j e y H a c / i e t ) y M a m j c K o - x e M M j c K e T e x H 0 /i0 m je A P e B H o r O p M je H Ta . 3anoneBLUM o k o
mom BeAaHTMCTa Hojn c y npoTepa/in CBy bo/by n cbo Ae/iahbe M3 npaB o r AOMeHa 0 H 0 ra LUTO je hctm hcho 6ntie. A/ih 3anyA0, LLioneHxayepoBa r/ieAm uTa KacHMje c y MHTerpMcaHa y MHAnjcHM cTaB nyTeM A ^a pa3BojHa 0 A r0 Bopa Ha FberoBO Mmii/behbe. JeAaH o a h>wx flornao je oa HeMaMHor 4)n/i030c|Da riay/ia f l o j c e H a a A P y rn o a HeHMX M OAepHnx xmhA yncTa.
A o j C e H , HO/lMHO MCTMHCHM MHAO/lOr TO/IMko n yn e H M H n B a T p e H M noiuTO Ba/iau, LLIoneHx a y e p a , n o n y i u a o je A a B e p ii4 )M H y je MH Tepn p e T a u n jy cj)n/io3o4)M je t a t t w a m a s i 0 B0 r noc/ieAH^er, noiU T O je m h c /ih o A a je O H a n p n K/iaAaH m o c t M 3 M e t)y MeTacf)M3HHe B e A a H T a -LUKo/ie n e T n n e xpm ufiaHCTBa. Ba/i TaH raA a p Tm/imk, K o jn je c / iy iu a o A o j c e H O B a n p e AaBaH>a y B o M 6 a jy, cf)e6 p y a p a 1893, m C B a mh B M B e K a H a H A a , nojn je n o c e m o f l o j c e H a y Kn/iy, c e n T e M 6 p a 1896, yBe/iM c y O B y H O B y n c e y A O -B e A a H T C K y e T M K y y H e o x iiH A y n 3 a M . fla/be c y je pa3Bnja/in rio c/ia H C T B O P a M a n pm uHe, C . P a A a K p n iu H a H , n a n a n m M a x a T Ma TaHAH y HM jeM c e HaM e/iy a h i m s a LUoneHxa y e p O B O , , n e m in e m - la e d e n 0 H 0 B 0 n o ja B /byje .9
M otiM , c y u i T M H e
jenaTa
m o n y / i T H e o c o 6 MHe c b m x
06-
y ccj)epM o p r a H c n e m H e o p r a H c n e npM -
0 6 / ia c TM M a n p M p o A e . T a n o 3 B a H a p h y s i k a / iM T e p a T yp a 6 M/ia je p e3 y/ iT aT 0 B 0 r H acTojaH >a. Obm cnM CM c e y H a n e / iy n a p a K T e p M L u y H eAO C TaTH O M pa3/iMHOBaHba M 3 M e t]y ,,m ptbm x m ,,wmbmx CTBapM . /b y A M , H M BO TM hbe m 6 M/bHe c je A H e C T p a n e , M M H epa/iM m MeTa/iM y 3eM/bM m Ha 3 B e 3 A a M a c A p y r e , n p o m e T M c y mctmm M M C T ep M 0 3 H M M C M M n aT e T M H K M M M aH TM naTeTM H H M M M O tiM M a. O B e M o tiM c y y m c to B p e M e 6 M/ie c})yHKL|Mje A y m a m MM a/ie c y M d y c y n c T a H u y , 6 e 3 06 3 M p a A a jim c y yT M iia /ie Ha /byA C K a m/im M e Ta/icn a Te/ia. A y w a n o c y n c T a H U M HMje 6 M/ia pa3/iMHMTa o a A p y r M x Te/ia, H e ro c a M O TaHia. A H a x p O H M H H O M 3 p a m e H 0 y KaCHO/iaTM HCKOM n p e B O A y A p M C T 0Te/i 0 B 0 r M 3 p a 3 a p r o t e h y !e , y H y T a p y H M B e p 3 a / iH e M a T e p M je Ha/ia3M/ia c e p r im a m a t e r ia m O Ha je, n a o TaH Ba, d m a 3ajeAH M H H a, n o c e 6 HO M eTa/iM M a. M a T e p M ja je y cyLUTMHM c B y A a 6 MJia je A H a ; C BeT je 6 mo
Mano OBaj BawHM pa3BHTan n pnnaA a m h o ro LUHpeM H O H T e K C T y ----- H e O X M H A y H C T M H K M M TeopnjaMa o j e A H a n o c T n cbmx pe / inrnja , o d h a rm a , o 3ajeAHMU,n y Met)yAe/iOBaH>y ca e B p o n cH M M 4)M/i030cj)njaMa m n A e o / io rn ja M a TeuiKO A a M o m e 6mtm y6eA/bMBMjer CBeAOnaHCTBa o C T e n e n y a o Kor O AroBopn n Han-
[83]
llo c T o je ABe npeTnocTaB K e 0 a/ixeMnjn Koje c y ce pa3BM/ie H3 0 B0 r BHiue apxanMHor cxBaTaHDa np n p ofle n H3 CMM6 o/iMKe 6 o je. VBepehbe fl,a ce 3eM/ba Mopa MarnjCKn o cBeTHTM KaA ip j ce o i p m y KjChm MeTa/in pa3Bn/10 ce y y4eH>e fla M aTepnja naTM n Aa Mopa Aa ce BpaTM y hobo cTaHie. C h m 6 o/imKa 6 oja pa3BM/ia ce y x n je p a p x n jy y Kojoj je i4pHO cnM 6 o/inca/io c m p t, 6 ejio w m bot, w y TO fla/be o 6 HaB/bahbe, a cjajH03/iaTH0 6 ec m p th o c t. A/ixeMMMap je y 6 wjao M aTepnjy BpatiajytiM je y hbeHO npefjaiuhbe u,pHo c ia hbe Koje je 6 m/io c n o c o 6 Ho 3a CBe TpaHCM yTa m ije . 3aTHM jy je o 6 o jn o 6 e/io m m yTO , tj'. TpaHCM yTwpao je npeKO c p e 6 pa a o c n p o B o r 3/iaTa n KOHaHHO on/ieMeHHo flo c n ja jy tie r
3/iaTa.
HMHbeHnua fl,a je 3a a/ixeMMHapa npBM CTynanb cm pt, fl,a A P yrn n Tpetin M3a3MBajy n n3BpiuaBajy B acKpcHytie, a Aa je neTBpTM cnaceH>e, yKa3yje Aa c y ABe n p e Tn o cTa B Ke Koje cmo rop e noMeHy/iw y cK/iaAy ca HaCTaHKOM Aya/incTMMKor rHOCTMHKor nor/ieAa na cBeT. O BA e ce no Tpetin n y T cyonaBaM o c a Anja/ieKTMHKMM 4>eHOMeHOM Aa je thoctm HKa M ncao n3r/ieAa HacTa/ia y OKBnpy T p a A n m ije m Aa je y mcto BpeMe y Tn i 4a/ia Ha H>y cno/ba. y n y T a p cnMpMTya/in30BaH0r Marn jcK o r nor/ieAa Ha c b c t Kojn je , n o n y T x e p MeTH3Ma, o cTa o mohhctmhkm cBe a o y A 06 a peH ecaH ce, rpHKa je A H 0 6 wTH 0 CT kocm hhko-Te/iypcKe n /byACKe A y w e noAe/beHa je Ha ABe 6nTHe ccfDepe. Brnua o a obmx ccfjepa, ynpKOc OAHOcy hbeHe cyLUTMHe ca cyuiTHHOM HMwe ccjDepe, nnaK je a n c o / iy TH o Tp a H c ^e H AeHTHa n 6owaHCKa. rinTaH je: Aa /in je naThba M aTepnje Kojy obo r/ieAnu/Te noApa3yM eBa npojeKi^nja A y 60 K0 ocetiaH e naTHae mhahBHAya/iHe A y w e , o a h o c h o Aa /in ce HeBa/bah o c t CBeTa MCKyuiaBa/ia tb k o yHMBep3a/iH0 Aa ce n0CT0jaH>e CBeTCKe AyLue, nnja je e r-
3 M C T e H 4 M ja 6 w/ia HeocnopHa, y H y T a p aHTMK O C M M H KO r A y a / lH 3 M a HMje MOr/IO A P y K 4 M je cxB aT M T M H e r o K a o Tpn/beH je n o c a M o j H>eHOj n p n p o A M , je c T e n n T a H se n c T o p n j c K e ncn x o / io rn je . O b o A P y r o je B e p o B a T H n je a TaKOtje n CM M C/ieHM je y O A H O c y Ha n o B e 3 a H o c M 3 M e tjy n e c M M n c T H H K o r n o r / ie A a H a c B e T m a c T p o / io rn je K o ja je n o 3 H a B a / ia c e A a M 3/inx n/iaHeTa. p a n e h b e c e A a M u e i a n a 3/iaTa, c p e 6 p a, rB o m t)a , e / ie K T p y M a , Ka/iaja, 6 aKp a, o/ io B a c a c e ^ a M n/iaH eTa C y H 4 a, M e c e n a , M a p c a , M e p K y p a , J y n n T e p a , BeHepe, C a T y p H a M o r/ io c e a / ie ro p n jc K M o 6jacHM tm K a o A a c e o a h o c m Ha T p a H C M y T a m ijy MeTa/ia, 6h/io A a je 0 K p e H y T 0 Ha A o 6 p y 6h/io n a /ioujy c T p a n y . O T y A a c e y B e u iT a H K O M je3 M K y a / ix e M n je M M e H a n/iaH eTa, M M e H a Me> Ta/ia M eTM H K 0-n C H X 0/10LUKM nO jM O BH M o r y M e t ) y c o 6 HO cmm6o/ihhkh 3aM eH>M BaTM . A n ja / ie K T M H K M 4 >eH O M eH H acTajahba, Kojn je aH a/iM 3M paH r o p e , n o c T a je K O H K p e T a H k o a j e B p e j c K n x x p m iit ia H a m A P y r o r n T p e tie r B e K a Hauie e p e . H m b m o H e K a h b n x o B a MMeHa, KO ja c y B e p 0 B a T H 0 6 n/ia n c e y A O H M M M : M a p n j a , H / ie o n a T p a , K p a i e c , Teocj 3M/i, A ra T O A e M O H n H e n a A P y r a . Jbyfl,\A K o jn c y 6 m/im M 3a o b h x H M e H a M O W A a c y 6 h/im n p n p o A O C/10BU.M, 4>h3mo/io3m m/ih z ie K a p n K o jn c y 6 paHM/iM M a r n j c K O - x e M n j c K y T e x H 0/i0 m j y o a th o C T M H K or K B a p e h b a p a 3 B M ja H se M cmm 6 o/imhkmx n o jM O B a y K / b y n e H M x y je 3 H K y n y T C T a B a . O h h c y , TaKot^e, M o m A a 6 h/im /byAM K o jn c y c e o c e tia / in m/im 3 a B e A e H M M m/im n p e o 6 p a tie H H M o a C T p a H e m o c T n u ,M 3 M a n K o jn c y n p o M e H H /in t h o c t m h k o y B e p e H D e A a c e c n a c e H s e ca ctoj'm y T O M e LUTO C T paH O H e 6 e c K O 6 wtie c n a c a B a c e 6 e y K o c M H H K o j n /byA C K oj AyLLin, y M a K p O K O C M O C y M M M K p O K O C M O C y, C B e A O ai-iTpOnOUeHTpMHHe M 3Be C H 0C T M M O rytiHO CTM c a M o c n a c e H > a . O b o je y n p a B o Ta H K a y K o joj H a c T a je a / ix e M n ja y y w e M CMHC/Iy. y B e p e H > e y je A M H C T B o C B e T a n 0 H 0 B 0 AO /ia 3 M y i^eHTap na>KH 3 e; c n a c m e / b c a 0H0r c B e T a Bnu/e c e n e M O w e 3 a A o 6 n T M c a M O y c p A H O M mo/i 6 om ; H a n p o T H B , n o c p e A C T B O M HeH M je B / ia c T m e A y m e o h je Ha p a c n o / ia ra H > y H e K O M e y C BeTy; p r im a m a t e r ia c e n c K y m a B a K a o OHa K o ja je B e 3 a H a 3a yH M B e p 3 a / iH y M a T e p n jy TaKO h b p c t o n H e n 0 K 0/ie 6 /bMB 0 A a je n o M o f t y yHMBep3a/iHe M o r y t ie Ae/iO BaTM Ha n p B o 6 wTHy M a T e p n jy , n o c e 6 HO Ha M eTa/ie o a K o j n x c e
[84]
CBeTCKe A y iu e . f l 0 H0 BHMM patjaHDeM B/iacTMTe A y w e oh cM epa y3p0K0Bahbe n 0 H0 BH0 r pat)ahba M eTajia. 3 6 o r oB or u,n/ba oh y n o T p e 6 fbaBa n p e y 3 e Ty M arnjcKO -xeM njcK y Te x H 0ji 0rnjy ujto je Bm ue M orytie, roBopetiM o cbom B/iacTMTOM Tejry Kao o AecTHJiauMOHOM anapaiy n 06pHyT 0 . HmajyfiM Hap04MT0 rpMKe a/ixeMMHape KaKO mx je n p n p e A n o BepTJio, ajin mcto TaKO m apancK e cpeAHDOBeKOBHe m
p e H e c a H C H e H a cT a B / b a H e , n o c T a je M O C B e c H M
HOBMLUTa H C TO pM je p e J lM rn je KaKO MX je H3jiohm o E jin ja A e , n J y H r o B a T yM a n e H b a c a n c n xo jio iu K e T a H K e rjie A H u iT a M o r y c e A o n y H M T M n p n M e A 6 o M A a a jix e M M ja n a o T a K B a M M a CMMCJia K a o O A r o B o p H a t h o c t m h k h M 3 a 3 0 B . HeKa mh 6 y A e A o n y u iT e H o A a A O A a M M n rn jb e ite Ep H C Ta B j io x a K o jn je 3aKJbynno A a ajixeMMja HMje O C H O B a C a M O 3 a K O C M M H K y n JIMHHy H e ro n 3a n o j im M H K y c j io 6 o A y . H a n p n Mep, T0M a30 K a M n a H e j ia jeAHOCTpaHO y n y tiyje Ha K 0 M n 0 H e H T y a c T p o j io m j e , HHHetiM je och ob h om H a y K O M y c b o m C i v i t a s S o l i s (1623), Kojn 6 m no c Ta o TOTajiMTapaH a n o 6 h 6mo c n p o B e A e H n p o T M B H e je A H a K O C T M HDeroBor B p e M e H a . M e t iy T H M , y M o p o B o j U t o p i a (1516), y Kojo j c e tb p a m A a je a j ix e M n j a o c HOBHa HayKa, P lu m b e i, Tj. ohm n o jn c y Beli pa3BMJin o jio b o ( = A y x ) , 6 n B a j y cnoco6HM A a KOHCTMTyMLUy APyLU TBO y KOMe H O B e K M O m e
CBor BpeMeHa n Hetie np e H an p e m yTM c e 6 e . O H aj ko 6 e w n y npom jio BpeMe mjim HerAe A p y rA e n p e A HdHm, xo fie . 3 a p Hiije obo aHajio m o n cK ycTB y BpeMeHa y nacHoj aHTm^n? T o h c k ^ c tb o 6m io je aM^HBajieHTHO. y Tannn r ^ e ce Aem aBa KpaTaK cn oj ca np e TX 0AHMM iicnojbaBaHDeM n y A e cH o r, MCKymaBajytie ja mjih M ow e Aa 6 yA e pa3HeT0 Ha KOMaAe min c e MOMe MMCTHHKM CMHpMTM T3HHO Ha TOj T3HKH. n o c T o je o a j i o m l ; m n p e M a K o jM M a je ,,noAO HiM BJbaBaH>e n p o u j j io r T p e H y T K a o h o je 3H aH ajH O , a H e c a M Taj T p e H y T a K .10 H a o b h m M e c T M M a noH O B H O T A o m n B Jb a B a H > a , K o ja y 3 o p n y j y ,,o6HaBJbaH>e n oc jio 6 a tia H D e , n p o m j io c T n caA aLU H >ocT c p e t iy c e c a t b k b m m o c e t ia j e M C TBapH O C TM A a je r ip y c T y 6 h j io Tel u k o A a T3HHO 3 H a y n e M y je H ^ M B e o ".11 O B e peneHMUie 3 B y n e n a o c e K y j ia p n 3 0 B a H a Bep3 n ja c y c p e Ta M3Metjy T p a H C ^ e H A e H T H o r ja, n p e A C T a B J b e H o r y cnacnTejby n p o u jjio c T M , n O B O C B e T C K o r ja KO je je 3 a T e n e H 0 n 0 3 M B 0 M T o r c n a c m e j b a . O h o luto c e y t m m A a H H M a c x B a T a jio n a o 6 e c M p T H O C T 3 a l1pycTa je o c jio 6 o f)e i-b e o a B p e M e H a . rio u jT O je y m o c T M u,M3My K O H K p e T a H H O B e n A e n e p c 0 H a j iM 3 0 B a n T H M e l u t o je re H e p a jiM 3 0 B a H y t m h j im h h o c t m
hobo luto
KacHe aHTMKe
3aKJbyHKa n p e H e r o a o n p e p a H o r y c n o c T a B Jbahba BpeA H O C TH . y lu m p o k o m H M 3 y jiM T e p a p HMXflejia K o ja M c n y H D a B a jy OBaj KpnTepnjyM , Mory ce msaboj'mtm n e Tn p n Bejinna poMaHa Kao OHM KOjH H M a jy HaKJlOHOCTM 3 a T H 0 3 y H
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1 4 Zaehner, 57.
hojh, 6 y A y h n nao, n o c ia je jeflaH y cbmm mhAMBMAyaMa, noHena/i, ,,yonuiTe HMje jacHO p,a jim je caM rip ycT OHaj nojn MCKymaBa OHe 6/iaweHe TpeHyTHe m/im je t o Heno Apyro Cintie Hoje ra n 0 BpeMeH 0 3aMeHbyje . 12 yviCTMHy (nnuje npycT), 6nhe noje je cafla y MeHM oceha/io Taj yTncaK ocehano ra je no OHOMe llito My je 6mjio 3ajeAHHHKo y jeAHOMe AaBHOM Aay m cafla, y OHOMe luto je y H>eMy 6m /io B8HBpeMe>HCK0, 6 n.no je to jeAHO 6nhe Koje ce jaB/ba/io caMO Kaft je, no TaKBoj jeflHOj MCTOBeTHOCTM CaAaiUHjOCTM M npOlU/VOCTM, Morjio fla ce Hatje y jeftnnoj cpeAMHn y Kojoj je oho momo fta mnBii, Aa ymnBa y cymTMHM CTBapn, to jecT M 3B3H B p e M e H a . T o je o6jaujH>aBa/io 3aujTo je MOje HecnoKOjCTBo y nor;ieAy cmptm npecTano y Macy Kaft caM HecBecho n p e n o 3 H a o yKyc MarAajieHm;e, nomTO je y TOMe TpHyTKy oho 6nhe Koje caM TaAa 6no 6m /io jeAHO BaH3eMajbCKO 6nhe, na npeMa TOMe m paBHOAyLUHO 3a MeHe y 6yAyhHocTM. To 6nhe yBen m m ce jaBJbajio, Mcnojbasano, caMO M3B3H aKUnje, M3B3H HenocpeAHor ywnBaH>a, KaA toa caM no KaKBOj qyAecHOj cjimmHOCTM M3M3KaO CaAaLUHjMU,M.13
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ripycTO B a ceKy/iapM30BaHa mocTMHKa mcKycTBa noKa3yjy Kano Mopa p,a ce noHauia CBeT Kojn, c je ^ H e CTpaHe, Mopa Aa 0A ycTa He o a je/3,H0CTaBH0r TpaH5eH>a CBor Hac/ietja, m koj'm, c A p y r e CTpaHe, Ha/ia3M p,a je y H>eMy n p n cyTH a npouj/iocT noja je zimueHa CBanor CMMC/ia m pa3yMa.
M 3 M e tiy M H oro6pojH M X M H Te p n p e Ta u ,m a
C/IMHHO flpeBHOM rHOCTMHy hoj'h je OTnpno fla yH yTa p HjeroBe mMBOTHe A ym e /ieycHy/io B m u e ja, 11pycT je M orao Aa ,,pa3/iMHyje ABa ,ja , jeflHO o 6 hmho, CBaKOAHeBho ja Koje je Ha HeKH HaMMH rypH yTO y cTp a Hy 3a BpeMe obhx npaTKMX Tp e H yTa n a eKCTa3e, n flp y ro , ,ja Koje oh Ha3HBa ,c e t e tr e , obo 6 ntie, CTBapHO ja Koje HHaMe n3r/ieAa mptbo, a/in Koje ce patja y obmm Heo 6 jaujHjMbhm nojaB/bMBaHjHMa 6 ecK 0 HaMH0 r .14
O h o 6 whe lu t o je B acK pc/io y MeHM k s a c a M , c Ta K o yc T p e n Ta / iM M o c e h a je M c p e h e , 3 a 4 y o 3ByK 3ajeAHMMKM y MCTM M a x M K3UUMKM K aA KynHe y TahbMp m neKMhy K aA yAapM y t o MaH, HaA c a M oceTno n o A HoraMa H epa B H M H y njiOHHMHa y A B o p n u jT y l"epM aH TOBM X a o m y KPCTMOHMU.M C b . Mapna, M TA -, t o 6 M h e XpaHW ce caMO cym TM H O M CTBapn, y H .oj ca M O HaJia3n ce 6M xpaHe, H a c /ia A e . O h o B e H e npM n o CM aTpaH >y c a A a u jH > o c TM , y K o jo j My/ia H e M o r y T y c y u jT M H y A a M y n p M 6 a B e , a m npM n o c MaTpaHy n p o iu jio c T M , naA My je MHTe/iM reHu n ja c a c y u jy je , n a o m y OMeKMBaH>y 6yAyhh o c tm , KOjy BOJba rp a ^ M o a O AJiO M ana c a AaUJH>OCTM M npOUJJIOCTM KOjMMa 0Ay3MMa jorn nOHeUJTO OA H>MXOBe CTB ap H O C TM TM M e ULITO o a h>mx 3 a A p w a B a caM O o h o u jt o o A r o B a p a HOpHCHOj CBpCM , yC K O Jb y A C K O j, K o jy MM n p n n n c y je . A jim H e n a HeHM 3 B y K , HeKM mmpmc, KojM c m o Beh My/iM mjim yA M cajiM H e K a A , o n e T 3aM yjeM O mjim y A a x H e M O , y mctm M a x m y ca -
U lysses
p n 3 a M ,n j a M a X o M e p a n o j e c y bplum/im cto m u ,h
A a 6/iMH T o r j e f l H o r
flaH a, H e T B p T K a ,
16. j y H a 1904. c T B a p a , a o -
K a3 n p o H a / ia m e H b a c / i a T K o r M cny H 3eH ja w m b o Ta y CBaKOAHeBHOM MCKyTBy H a c y n p o T m o CTMMKoj m xpMiutiaHCKoj 6 o w a H C K O C T M A y m e K O ja je O H O C T p a H a . O T y ^ a ce t3 h o pa3/iMMMTe C T B a p M K a o m T O c y O AMceja m e y x a p w c T M j a M o p a jy 3 a je A H 0 napoAM paTM. y ctbbpm , o 6 e
[8 6 ]
/>m,
ocaM caTM y j y T p o ) a o e n n 3 0 f le fleHe/ion e (y K p e B e T y , A B a caTa H o t i y ) . C ,o,pyre C T p a H e , T y je n a p o A n j a n p n H e m ti a o a Ma/ii'ire H O B o r Introitus a o noc/ieAHaer JeBaHfje/ba MapnoH (oBAe JeBaHtje/be 3eM/be). 3a Uojca
o 6 o j e y h c t o B p e M e n on a 3 yjy m CMM6 o/inujy K3KO j e o c o 6 mt m o rp o M a H o 6 nMaH A a H. U,eo poM a H j e en y KOMe c y w h b o t m c b c t y K p u j T e H n a A a c e He t b p a h H y m H O C T 6 mjio K o r n o j e A H H a n H o r c a c T a B H o r Ae/ia. H a c y n p o T KaTO/inu,M3My, Ko jn j e npM M eTHo n p a s H n n y KOjy j e ocTaBM/ia 0A/ia3e1ia aHTMKa m McnyHMO j e , O BA e HMLUTa HMje o 6 a B e 3 H o : hmtm Baf+SHOCT O Ap e t)e HM x M e c T a , c B a K o r ca cbojmm noce 6 HM M reHMjeM, hmtm APJ+taHse o a /iynyjytiMx Ae/iai-ba Koje BpeAM o n o H a m a T M , Ae/iahba Koja c e CBa nojeAMHaHHO M o r y p n Tya/iM30BaTM, hmtm noKpeTM c a Be p oM y /byACKe c y c p e T e y KojMMa c y na p TH e p M TMnM3MpaHM. H a n p o T M B , c e e je T p a B e c T M p a H O , yK/byHyjyfiM m o b o xpMmtiaHCKO McnyH 3ehbe. C a M O Ae c Tp y K TM B H O j e McnMTaHO A B a H a e c T ctm/lOBa Kao y CMHKpeTMCTMHKOj pa3MeH/bMBOCtm nojM O Ba m c/iMKa, m Kao y TaM O-a M O n p e boam boctm O H ora l u t o T p e 6 a A a c e n a ^ e c j e A H o r je3MKa Ha A p yrM . H c t o TaKO, ca M O y BetiMM p a 3 M e p a M a , ocmm A y r o r O A M c e je B o r A a H a m pMTya/iHor p e ^ a , je A a H A PyrM nyAOBMmaH HaHMH m APyKHMja AMja6o/iMHKa c / iy w 5 a n e p B e p T M p a j y H a n p e A a K m 6 o ro c / iy w e h b e y hbMX0 Be c y n p 0 T H 0 CTM Kao paHMje y C a 6 a T y B e m TM ^ a m U p H o j Mmcm. A/im 6 e 3 o63Mpa Kako c y OBe K o p e c n o H A M p a j y t i e cfDopMe M cnp e n/ie Te ne , OHe c y Aa/ieKO o a MCUpn/bMBahba CMM6o/iMKe Ae/ia. U o j c caM y c n o c T a B / b a B e 3e He caM O c a O A M c e jo M m e yxapM CTM jo M , n e r o mcto t b k o m c a BM6 /iMjoM, Ta/iMyAOM, a M o ^ A a HaK m ca K a 6 a/i0 M.
C n p e M a k b e flo p y H K a (m p T B a najbeHnu,a); u,peBHa H O H re cTM ja m y H a n p e fl 3 a M n u iJb e H a A e 4>eKL;wja (c B e T 0 T a j c T B 0 ) ; Hynahbe (o 6 p e f l Jo b 3 h o b ); c a x p a H a (J y p n M n T jy M H M ); c h pom h m pyMaK (o 6 p e f l M a jix w c e A e K O B ); n o c e T a My3 e jy m H a p O A H O j HhbMWHnu,n (c B e T a M e c T a ); jio b Ha KH>n,re A y m BeAcfaopA Poya, M e p n a H T C A p n a , B e jiM H rro H K e ja (C n M x a T T o p a ) ; M y3M na y x o T e jiy O p m o h a (U J n p a -L IJ n p M M ); jiom c H en nM 6a xa TM M t p o m o a h t o m y tommohmu,m B e p H a p A a K n p H e H a (m p T B a n o K a iH M u a ); H e n c n y n .e H B p e M e H C K n p a 3 M a n , BOwn>a cjjn ja K e POM , noceTa n y tin m a / io c T n , p a c T a H a K ( n y c TM hba); c e K c y a jiH O H a A p a m n B a H je , n p o y 3 p o n o B3HO w eH C KM M e r3 n6m 4H O H H 3M O M (o 6 p e A
O h 3 h o b ) ; A y r o T p a jH o nopa tiaH >e M n H e n jy p cjjoj (w p T B a H aA H M a h ba); n o c e T a K ytin pacna/iaujHOCTM B e ji K o e H , T a jp o H C t p h t 82, nieAahbe n o n p e n o , 3 3 th m n a B ra n T y n a y Bneep C T p n T y (A p M a r e A O H ); Hofmo J iyia h b e a o hohmja u jn e n p H M e m O A a T jie B a T B p n g (n c n a iu Ta rt> e ).16
ho w yAHO MmneKMBaHae Myj+sa KojM ce Bpatmo ( = JeBaHfje/be 3eM/be M apM OH), pacTBapa O A n c e j y y n p o c T o p y m y cHy; TaKot}e cy m ctm/iobm, A orafja jM , c/iMKe m CBe m To ce M3HOBa nojaB/byje M3 u,e/ior ena pa3pemeHM m M3MemaHM. Ta n o Kpaj npMne ocTaje otbop eH , a/iM hbeHa rpatja jom yBeK nocTojM. Ha Mome ce M3ByfiM Aecj)MHMTMBaH 3aK/bynan. CTahbe pa3/iarahba Mome TpajaTM, a/iM Tanofie Moi+se, Kao m pacT KpMCTa/ia, 6 mtm m npnnpeMa 3a hobm xeTep o rp a M jeAH e anonaTa CTa3e.
P o 6 e p T M y3M /i j e o c b o m Be/iMKOM p o M any
| I
I I | | [ |
M oBen
6 e 3 c B o j c T a s a (1 9 3 1 4 3 ) Ha nM Ta i^e Aa ra
c a M o n n m e , HanMcao: ,,To HMje McnoBecT He-
ro caTMpa , m y m c t o B p e M e : ,,To HMje c a r n pa n e ro n o 3 M T M B H a K O H C T p y K U ,M ia . M 3ancT a , o h o m T O M y3 M /i H a3MBa napa/ie/iHMM 3a* n/ ie TO M y CTBapM, n/ iaHOM n p e M a K O M e j3 vpetjeH c a A P w a j u,e/ie KhbMre nocTM ^e CBOj CaTMpMHHM TOH CBOjMM 0 p r a H M 3 0 B a i b 6 M y C M C T e M K 0 0 p A M H a T a . I/I ynpaBO j e O Baj cmC T e M o h o l j j t o c B e napa/ie/iM3au,Mje hmhm ca tm pm hh m m n o H e B o a o h m x Koje npMn9Aajy napa/ie/iM30BaHMM jy6 M / ie jM M a aycTpMjcKMx m H e M a H K M x M M n e p a T o p a n a a o c b m x Mart>MX. C n o p e A H M 3an/ieT K O H C Tp yM ca H je M aTeMaTMHKM nap a /ie/iHO r/ iaBHO M,
m
H je ro B O M
nap a /ie /iM 3 M y n o c T o j M c a T M p a He y A y x y aKTe p a Hero y A y x y n o c M a Tp a n a . H e aoboam jim o h c b o c t m C B e T c e K y H A a p H e B am H O C T M , KojM j e y cbm m A e T a / b M M a K O H C T p y M c a H n p e Ma r/iaBHOM c B e T y , K a n a B MMaMO y Hajpa3BHje HMjMM M H a j p a 3 p a t je H M j M M m O C T M H K M M CMCTeM MM a? H a p a B H O , caM O je O Baj npMHu,Mn
[8 7 ]
M H Te / in re H U ,M ja 0Ha
3a
C TM u,M 3aM , m y O B O M e c y ra n o M e H y T M a y T o p M jeflHocTaBHo c/ieflM/iM. O Ba HMhbeHMu,a je no~ Be3ana ca H3Mx o b o m 3 a B M C H o m tiy o a A p e B HMX XpMULltiaHCKMX M C pe A K b e n /ia TO H C K M X nM-
OHOMe CTpaH e
u jto
je
M3Bpm eHO
n /ie p o -
cau,a KojM c y npe H e r o u j t o c y t o k c t o b m M3 H a r XaMaflMja o tk p m b c h m m m3A3tm, 6m/im HaujM r/iaBHM m 3bopm . MMUj/bei-be tm x nMcaua 6m/io je TaKO TeMe/bMTO 3acH0BaH0 y LLJe/iMHTOBOj cDm ji030(Jjm jw M M TO/iOTM je fl,a 6m 6mo
n/in A n j a 6 o / i n H K H x x n n o c T a 3 a .
a h obm je
K p n Te p n jyM M O Tyfla
n o c Ta jy
xm-
m /ia wH M
n p o p o u ,M
M3 Ki~bMre M o r y
noc/iy^KMTM Kao o c y j e f i e h b e Hanopa r / i a B H o r jyHaKa y / i p M x a a a 3aMMC/iM y T o n M j y M c n p a B nor w M B O T a . r i a p a A O K c a / i H O , a/iM hmhm c e fla OHe C TB apM K o j e c y O HM r/ ie A HO 6M/ie O A p e t j e He A a py+5HO y H M H e z ie n M M n p o n a A a jy; a/iM OHO UJTO j e MCTMHMTO, 3 a T O UJTO j e M 3 p a H y H 3 to, pa3 BM ja, K a o y 6 a p 0 K H 0 j a p x M T e K T y p M m
My3nu,M, o6M/be cJdopmm K o j e H e 3 6 y H D y j y H e ro, H a n p o T M B , y c p e f i y j y . O b o j e h o b o o n p a e AaBaHbe r m T a r o p e i M 3 M a : o c e t i a h b e HMje hmuiia H e j a c H O m M a r/ io B M T o , Hero H a jH M C T M je M3pacTa M3 C M M e T p M j e . Obo
ce
Mome
y3erM
tm T p e 6 a a a o c T a H e n p M je M H M B 3a O B y B p c T y
nnTaropejcTBa.
Y p o M a H y J o c n t j) m HeroBa S p a tia T o M a ca M a H a m n p M n p e M H M M m TeopMjcKMM n a MOtlHMM Ae/lMMa, MOpaMO, HapaBHO, npaBMTM
pa3/iMKy M3Mefiy m o 3 e Kao MCT0 pMjCK0 r cjDeHOMeHa m rH03e Kao pyAMMeHTapHe A n c n o 3nu,nje OHe Bp C Te rH o cTM H K or CMCTeMa KOjy cy ycBOjM/iM Baxoc{DeH m M e p e u jK O B CK M . T h o 3a Kao MCTopMjcKM c[)eHOMeH Mome c e AecjjMnncaTM Ha 0 C H 0 B y nojMa cnaceHaa 3a kojm ie oho u,eHTpa/iHo M C T0 B6 TH 0 CT a/iM m n e p c o HajiHa An cTM H KU ,M ja
Ho
M 3 M e tjy
cnacMTe/ba
c n a ceH or.
OBa aHa/iorMja n o c T o j M
CMHKpeTMCTMHKe
noTpe6aH xeTeporeHM TeopMjcKM MMny/ic fl,a ce cp yiu e LUe/iMHroBM 45yHflaMeHTa/iHM npM H LJMriM M A03BOJie MCTOpMjCKe AM43epeHu,Mjau,Mje. A/im T a n a B M M ny/ic HMje 6m o BawaH M a H y m hberoBMM ayTopMTeTMMa. MetiyTMM, ayto p m A e B e T H a e c T o r m A B a A e c e T o r BeK a pa3/iM K yjy ce o a A p e B H M x rH o c T M K a no T O M e l u t o ohm H e me/ie Aa cfjaKTMHKOM penpojeKu,MjoM A O K a w y fla je h > m x o b b /i b c t m t m m m t M3BOpHO m r/iaBHO 0TKp0Bei-be. 1/lnaK, o h m He Mory Aa M36erHy noBe3aHOCT i-bMXOBe o 6 p a 30BHe TpaAMU,Mje ca Xe/ieHMCTMHKMM CMHTe3aMa npeTxoAHMx K/iacMHHMx Hac/ietja. O b o o6jaLUK>aBa 3 a u jT 0 c y o h m K/iacMHHy m x e / ie HMCTMHKO-rHOCTMHKy TpaAMU,Mjy CM3Tpa/lM jCAMHCTBeHOM. M a H y je o c ho bh m MaTepMja/i 6mo npBeHCTBeHO nocpeAOBaH xpMmtiaHCKOM TpaAMu,Mj o M , yK/bynyjytiM xpMUjtiaHCKy Teo/iorM jy. riMTaHie je Kano Aa/ieno MHTepnpeTau,Mje 0B0r 3a/ietia o c T a jy Be3aHe 3a OBaj 4)a KTOp nocpeAOBan>a m ko/imko ce A a ^ e K o yAa/baBajy o a Hbera A n p e K T H O M pe u ,e n u ,M jo M ahohm 3m jCKor. O B A e He MO}+?eMO o a t o b o p m tm , hmtm LiaK pacnpaBMTM o b o nMTaibe. A/im y cBanoM c/iyHajy, noKa3a/io ce Aa je MaH itohobmo m Har/iacMO H m h o o b o cxBaTai-be AH0HM3MjcK0r. O b o je MCTMHa 3a MOTMBe TparMHKor, naTHbe m w p TB e , Kao m 3a OAjene MAeja o c y A e m noMMpeiba k o a o6a ayTOpa. O e H 0 M eH 0 /i0 UJKM o a h o c m KojM ce OBAe jaB/bajy cacBMM cy ApyKHMje BpcTe o a ohmx koj'm c y oApetjMBa/im CT3B npeMa A n o H M c y m ApeBHOj u,pkbm. ObM HOBM OAHOCM HMHe fl,a ce AHOHM3MjCKO jaB/ba He Kao p ra e pa ra tio e v a n g e l i c a , Hero CMrypHo m Kao Mcno/baBaKbe CBeTa m A y m e y KojMMa ce Bor M o m e otkpm tm . T o fla cy OBa Mcno/baBahba cyMHjMBa CMeuiTahba 6 o w a n ckmx nojaB/bMBaH>a, M ow e ce mpohmhho noTBPAM TM M OBO je CaCBMM /leTMTM M HO Teo/iomko npM3Hahbe y MaH0B0j M p O H M jM . C T o r a je MaHOBO peuiei-be H>eroBor opMjeHTai^MjcKor
[8 8 ]
Ta m f l n o H n c a M o m e y 3 e T n Kao MCTHHHTa, Hero c e hctm h m tom M o m e c M a T p a T n n n o B e 3 ah o c t M3 M e t)y obmx n A p y r n x S o ro B a koj'h n a T e : T a M y 3 a m 0 3 n p n c a , na HaK m h h k 3 k o naTHMHKor a/iM npeBpT/bMBor X e p M e c a o b o j e cMHKpeTMCTMHKO c n a ja H j e Ko je je Hap o j KepehbM yno/ia M H C HHynpao a yno/ia HaM e T H y o T o M a c y M a H y . CTaBO BM M a, ,,B o r je CBeT/i 0 CT, A y x , T p a H c u e H A e H u .M ja " c j e A H e C T p a H e , m ,,B o r j e ny/iHa me/ba, 6 nfie, MMaHeHu,Mja , c A p y r e , BaxocfDeH m f\awe c y , no c y a y T o M a c a M a H a , fla n v i AMja MeTpa/iH o c y n p O TH e MHT 0 /i0 LLiKe pect)/ieKcnje o H l o n e H x a y e p 0 B0 M MMaHeHTH3My, 3a Kora c e ( M a n a npnM. n p e B . ) oBaj noja B/byje Kao n c n p a B3H AMja/ieKTMHKM M et)yOA HO C. MepeLJJKOBckm c M a T p a MorytiMM M a H 0 B 0 McnpaB/barbe HMHea y xpMiifiaHCKOM CMMC/iy: ,,H e A m o h m c ,m/im Pa cne TM , H e r o A m o h m c ,n p oTM B P a c n e T o r a . Y obom K O H Te K CTy n o c T a j e ja cHO Ha KOJM H3HMH THOCTMHKe M MMCTMHKe C T p y K T y pe MMUj/beHja C T B a p H o y H e c T B y j y y OHOMe l u t o c e , noc/ie p oM aHTM HK or n oc p e A O B a h ba m p e u e n ^ M j e ohmx koj'm c y HaflaxHy/iM M a H a , M3pameHO aHa/lMTMHKM, MOpa 03H3HMTM KaO aMa/iraM K O H ^ e n u M ja c s e T a m w m b o t 3 . O b o j e KOHTeKCT y H y T a p Kora n p M n a A a jy M a H O B e cMe/ie p e n p o j e K ^ M j e y B p e M e n a T p M ja p x a C T a p o r 3 a B e T a . y n p a B O M y oBaj CK/ion a o s BO/baBa A a , a o k c e 6 aBM Baa/iOM, E/iom, E/ioxmmom, B o ro M O T a ^ a , J a x B e o M , M3 KacHMje M eflM TepaHCKe c Ta p M H e HaBOflM napa/ie/ie TeoKpa3MjM M3Mef)y cbmx HaMX. LLlTaBMUje, y H y T a p obmx napa/ie/ia o h je M o p a o n o c M a TpaTM AflOHM ca, A T M c a , 0 3 M p M c a Kpo3 no/iy naH-BaBM/ioHCKM no/iy naH-erMnaTC KM 06-
Koja je pa3BMjeHa MCTopMjoM MCTpamMBahba nyTeM Koje je nocpeAOBaHa M a H y m, c A p y r e CTpaHe, hbeHe xe/ieHMCTMHKe m mocTMHKe TpaHCCjjOpMaU.Mje. OBaj TpaHCCfDOpMMC3HM, CMHKpeTMCTMHKM CTynaHD TaKO3BaH0T opMjeHTa/iHor mmtb 3aMeHMO je CBoje apxaMHHe npeTX0AHMKe nyTeM cBoje penpojeni^Mje koa M aHa. PlpMMep 3 a obo je HMHeHMu,a f la je MaHMxejcKM cMCTeM npMKa3aH Kao apxaMHaH opMjeHTa/iHM mmt o ripBOM MoBeKy y yBOfly 3a poMaHe (Kao u jto je, y 3 rp eA, npnKa3aH m y ujko/ickom r e lig io n s g e s c h ic h tlic h e /MCTOpMjCKO-pe/lMmjCKOM./ K3T6XM3My By/1TMaHOBe LUKO/ie). y mctopmj'm 06pa30Ban.a otKpMBeHe c y 0CH0Be 3 a OBy TMpaHMjy npeMa penpojeKu,MjM; npeBacxoAHo c y mx nocTaBM/im Baxocf)eH, MepeLUKOBCKM m ^ a K e . Ca hbnxobmm penpojeKTyjyhMM cMHTe3aMa Mfly, lu to He 6 m Tpe6a/io Aa 3a6opaBMMO, Henn aCTpO/lOUJKM 06 paCLJ,M naH-BaBM/10HM3Ma.
A/im cM HTe 3 e , kbko mx je M3 Beo M a H , caMe MMajy C B o je MOfle/ie m n o f lC T M ^ a je . Pa3/iMHMTe MOfle/ie noHyflM/iM c y T e T e m LLI/iaj e p M a x e p , 0 6 a y 0 flH 0 c y Ha C n M H 0 3 y . f l o f r CTM ^aj je f lo u ja o M3 pa3yMeBaHba naHTeM3Ma m MMCTMu,M3Ma Koje je Hay/i Tm/imx p a 3 BMO
y TpaflMU,MjM L U / ia je p M a x e p o B o r MMm/beHja. Ha o b o o 6 p a h a M o nawHDy npe/iMMMHapHO MaKO hmcmo o6aBe3HM A a c e 6 aBMM 0 T p a ^ M 14MJOM K o jy c y OBa neTMpM MMeHa npeflCTaBM-
na Kao T a K B y
0 B 0 ra, M0 m e M 0 npehM Ha 3aK/bynaK. M o p a jy ce pa3/iMKOBaTM tpm nojMa MMTa m obo pe3y/iTMpa TpMMa 3HaneH.MMa fleMMT0/i0m3au,Mje Koja je n o Tp e 6 Ha. flpBo, MMamo OHaj cTynaH> pecfD/ieKCMje y KOMe hobok npeno3H aje c e 6 e caMo y or/ieAa/iy 6 ow aH CKor; o B ^e AeMMT0/i0m3amMja Bpaha HOBep.a H)eMy caMOM. A p y r o , nocTojM mmtckm npM/ia3 npeMa KOMe ce 6 omaHCKo jaB/ba caMO Kao Mcnpen/ieTaHO ca cbotckmm 0flH 0 CMMa; OB/i,e AeMMT0/i0rM3au,Mja np0M3B0AM cyn pO Th o c t M3Mefjy 6 om aHCKor m /byACKor cBeTa (Be/iTMaHOB c t3 b ). Tpehe, mmsmo M eTaMopcf)03y 6 o}+!aHCKor y /byACKO m o 6 p H yTo; OBAe AeMMTo/iom3au,Mja OTK/ian>a 0 CHOBy obmx MeTaM0pcf)03a TaKo Aa ce Te o /io m ja Kao m
pa3a4.
O b o c y M H T e p np e Ta TM B H e pa3/iMKe Koje mm nocTa B /ba M o a/iM Koje c y y je A H a n e H e y /lMTepapHOM fle/iy. HMajyfiM O By p e 3 e p B y Ha y M y M0 m e M 0 mx ctbbm tm y o a h o c c a cf)yHAaMeHTa/iHOM pa3/iMKOM y oh o m K p y r y moTMBa KojeM M a H n p M C T y n a . O B ^ e mmc/imm Ha pa3/iMKy M3Metiy, c j e A H e C T p a H e , a p c b h b e m n a T C K e , ApeBH e M e c o n o ia M C K e m xaHaaHcK e M M To/iom je HapaBHO y OHOj c})opMM
[8 9 ]
a H T p o n o / io r n j a Mory ocTaBHTn n o CTpaHM. Obo je hhbo H a KOMe Ae/iyje M a H ; npeMAa je BamHO npnMeTMTn Aa c y rt>eroBe n p n n o BecTM caMo Ha no/ia nyTa npeMa n p o n 3 / ia 3 e lioj Teo/iornjn n aHTpono/io m jn. H a p a B H O , obo ce zia n o Mome nonasaTM c a TeMOM X e p Meca n a o n c a tcm om T a M y 3 a, a/in t o ce MHoro A y 6 / b e bmah hoa o h h x n p n n o B e A a n a Kojn oa 6 n o r p a 4 )nja n n o p o A M H H M X n o B e c T n npaBe MMTOBe.
/beiby Be/iMKMM Hac/iet)eM noje je 6m/io orBopeHo 3a M3a30B rHocTMHKe m m c /i h n ycTaHOB/beHO hbMMe.
3 a Hauu noc/ieAHaMi 3aH/byHan B a m H O je yoHMTM Ha K o jn HaHMH je y 3 H M a H je n a Tp n ja p x M jcK n x n o B e c T M n a o M e t iy c o 6 H n x M O A e /ia K 0 H C T M T y n c a H 0 n M 3H O Ba w 3 B e A e H 0 y TeTpa/iornjn. M o A e p H n A e u ,M 3 H 0 H H 3 a M je HaBMKHyT Ha H a A M e H y n o y 3 A a H o c T y n o r / ie A y Ba/baHe n p n n p e M e c H a m H O n p e c y A H H X c iiT y aunja M3 no/ba n p n / in n a n o je c e noHaB/b ajy, nouiTO c e O H e T a n o f je n o ja B / b y jy n y n o H a B jbarbHMa tm x 6norpac}DMja m noBec.TM. M n p o3 OBaj c a M O -n o H o c A e m a B a c e A a c e c T B o p e TOTa/inTapHe o k o / i h o c t h . O B a j Aeu,n3H O H H 3aM n o T K o n a H je o c h o b h h m /byACKMM HHH>eHmi,aMa n o je M a H pa3BMja y CBOMe Ae/iy. A/in Ha Kojn c e HaHMH, y H y T a p c n / io n a o b h x jbyACHMX o c h o b h h x H M b e H M ^ a , c n p e n a B a o a /iyKa y n p n / io r HaBHKHyTOCTM, m c a h>om M30naneHocTM m n o rp e iiiH O C T n n o je c y c e 3 a x n /baAy ro A H H a T y yByK/ie? O n e T , OHa c e c n p e qaBa kip oH M jo M ; je p , n y n n M T B p tie ib e M A o n a 3aHor, MpoHnja h h h h cyMhbMBOM CB Ojy Hop Ma/iHOCT. H p oH M ja je MOAepHn / le m T H M H H
/ ln T e p a iy p a K e m , O., Orphicorum Fragmenta, Berlin: W eidmiann, 1963. Bollaok, J. Empedocle, Parfs: Les etudtoins de miiinuit, 1965 69. Bertheliat. M . ii Rueile, C h Em Collection des anciens alchimistes Grecs, Parliis: Steiinheil, 1888. Hum e, R. E., The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, M -adras: O xford 'UP, 1931. O rig e n , Contra Celsum, Cam hnidge, UP, 1953. Bacon, Francis The Advancement of Learnlng and New Atlantis, Oxfo-rd: Clarendon, 1974. Cam panella, Tommaiso, Civitas solis, N e w Y ork and London: Dunme, 1901. M ore, Th om as, Utopia, N ew H a ve n : Yale, 1964. Heiilniisch, K. J. Der utopische Staat, Reimbek beii H am burg: Rowohlt, 1964. Baur, F. C h r., Die christliche Gnosis: Oder, Die
Hac/ieAHMK aHTHHKor caM 0-AeM HT0/i0rn30BaH.a m BHLue c e He CMe a o b o a h t h y Be 3 y ca HenoM o6mmhom peM H To/iorn3 a i4 njoM . O B a
sophie mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Religionen, Leipzig: Brockhaus,, 1920. C a ssire r, E., Das Erkenntnisproblem in der Philosophie und Wissenschaft der neueren Zeit, Berlin: Casisiiirer, 1922 1923. Schelling, F. W . J., Philosophie der Mythologie, Stuttgart Augsbirug: O otta, 1857. Schiopenhauer, A ., Samtliche Werke, Darmsitadt: Wiissienschiaftliche Buchgeselschaft, 1968. Niiietzsche, F., Werke M unchen: Hianseirt 1966. Yates, F. A ., Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition, C h icago : U n iv . of Chlicago, 1964. Hegel, Hannelore, Isaak von Sinclair zwischen
npoHnja MMa T e H A e H u ,n jy A a s a A P ^ n o h o ji h ko x o M e o n a T C K n x A 0 3 a MHTa, n/in 6 a p e M m h To/iomje, KOJiHKO j e n 0 T p e 6 H 0 , T a n o p,a He Mory H a c Ta T H h h k 3 k b h c y iiiTH H C K n h o b h mmtobm m h t o b h Kojn H y m H O M o p a j y n o c T a T n AOrMaTMHHH OAHOCHO HeHCTHHMTH.
O Be no/iMTHHne MMn/inKau,nje y Ae/iMMa ToMaca M aH a M0 w e M 0 cM aTpaTH noc/ieAFbMM HaroBeuiTajeM y nor/ieAy To ra Kano KpMTHHKn npn/ia3 c nn Te 3 n yH /b yn yjyjiM BeLUTaHKe MHTOBe, nojn c y no caMoj cBojoj npnpoAH yBen y onacHOCTH a b n o cTa H y HAeo/ioluhh Mome noMotin a b ce A otje a o no3nunje AeM onpaTCKe 0A r 0 B0 pH 0 CTn y 6 aB-
Fichte, Holderlin und Hegel: Ein Beitrag zur Entstehungsgeschichte der idealistischen Philosophie, Frankfurt am M a in : Klosterm ann, 1971.
Lanczkowski, G ., D e r Eimfltus/s des iinidiischen Denkens auf Richard Wiagner und seimen Fireuneskreiils , Ph. Dss., Uniiv. of M arburg, 1947. Bachofen, J. J., Der Mythos von Orient und Occident: Eine Metaphysik der alten Welt, M iinchen: Beck, 1956. Bachofen, Urreligion und antike SymboIe, Leipzig; Reclam , 1926.
[9 0 ]
MapKCU3ClM U ZH0 3 UC
Ephct
Tornm
Merezhkovsiky, D. S ., Tolstoi as Man And Artist: With an Essay on Dostoievski, N ew York i Loindoin; Putmam, 1902. Meirezhkovsky, The Secret of the East, N ew Yo-rk: Brew e r, VVarnen and Putna.m, 1931. Daequ6. E., Urwelt, Sage und Menschheit: Eine naturhistorisch-metaphysische Studie, M unchen ii BerKrn; Oldeniburg, 1925. Dacque, as verlorene Paradies: Zur Seelengeschichte des Menschen, M iinchen i Barlin: O! denburg, 1938. Bianchi, U ., ,,Le problem e des origjnes du G nostioiisme et lhistoire des religions , Numen 12 (1965): 161 78. Hacker, P., ,,Schopenhauer und d'ie Ethilk des Hinduiisimus , Saeculum 12 (1961): 366 99. Voegelin E., VVissenschaft, Poiitik und Gnosis, M unchen: Kosel, 1959. Toipitsch, E., Marxiismus und Gnosiiis , u Sozial-
y c e o jo j 3HanajH0j khjM3h ,,T h e V o c 2b u la r y of Po liflic s (PeHHHK no/iHTHKe), T . f\. Bs/iaoh je HanpaBno pa3/iMKy n3Mef)y ,,Marx the gonius (,,M a p Kca reHnja) m ,,a much less edif /ing figure, Marx
4 > n ry p e , M a p K c a
the Communist theologian" (mhoto Mahbe noyHHe KOMyHMCTHMKOr Teojiora).1 Ako ce m m nooneAhbMM, OHfla TMMe hhk3ho He Tpe6a yMaH>MBaTM n/in nopm^aTM yBHfle m rt>nxOBe TeHOBi/iHe
n0TnyH0CTH
philosophie zwischen Ideologie und W issuiischaft, N euw ied i Berliin: Luchtierhand, 1966.
Jung, C . G ., ,,Diie Erlosungsivortsellungen im der A'lchemiie , Eranos Jahrbuch 4 (1936) 13 111. Eliade, M ., The Forge and the Crucible, London: Rideir, 1962. Bloch, Ernst, Vorlesungen zur Philosophie der Renaissance, Frankfurt am M ain: Suhrkam p, 1972. Proiust, Maircel, A la recherche du temps perdu, Parls: GalHimard, 1954. Jo yce Ja m es, Uysses, N sv: Y c ik : Randcm House, 1934. M usil, Robert, Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften, Ham burg: Rowohlt, 1952. Miannn, Thoimias, Joseph urd seire Briider, Berlii'n: Fiiischer i Stookhoilm: Bermiann, 1933 4. Zaehner, R. C ., Mysticism Sacred and Profane, Oxforid: Cliarendcin, 1957. Paris, J., James Joyce in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten, Reimbek bei Hambuirg: Rowohlt, 1960. Berghan, V., Robert Musil in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumcnten, Rei'nbek bei Ham burg: Rowoihi!it, 1963. Borchers, K., ,,Mythcis und Gnosjs im W erk Thom as Mamns: Elme reliigionswi-sisienschaftliche U nte rsu ch u ng , Th . D is s ., Um!iv. of Goibtimgen, 1977.
H n a n c e h h h h no roflH M M fla c e H3 Pa3/1HHHTHX 'HayH'HOTeopiM'jcKMX nao m ny/i TiypiH'0 n 0^ h t h hkhx oC H O Ba ja c H o n 3 B y n y mmtckm e /ie M e H Tn K o jn cy Ae/iaTHki y M a p n c n 3 M y m ^ a c e TkiM e p a 3 ro B e TH o n 3 A B O je Ofl, A p y ra H M jn x M n c a o H n x c|)opMH M O AepH e H a y n e . C je A H e C T p a H e M o w e c e , He 6 e 3 ycTpynaBa>ta, n p n x B a T H T n 3 a x T e B M ap K cm oTa A a c e 3acTyn a je flH O , LUTa'BiHLLie, an00/iyTH0 HayHHo c xB a Tatt.e C B e Ta , a/in c A p y r e C T p a H e M H o re p a c n p a B e c a ncTO pnjCK M M M AHja/ieKTM HKHM M a T e p n ja / lM 3 M 0 M, KOje c y c e nojaBn/ie Ha 3 a n a f ly a H aponnTo y C P HeM a n K o j, npnnncaHe c y C T a H O B m u TH M a Koj,a c y joui A y 6 /be y K o p e 4 >eHa y mmtckmm n p e A C T a B a M a m HaHe/iHO npoBeA eHa y nO'CTnrHyfmiMa reHnja Kap/ia M a p n c a . J e flH a Ta n B a p a cn pe iB a 6 m c e n n a n Mor/ia C M a Tpa TM n/iOAHOM c a M o oH fla a n o c e He 6 m oabmja/ia y c M n c / iy p e c T a y p a u ,n je npeM apK CM CTM HK nx M A e o /io rn ja , H e ro Ha Te M e /b y H a y H H o r cxBaTi 8 H>a C B e Ta , K o je je c a 3 HajHH c a A p m a j M apKCM 3 Ma Beh n p e y 3 e o y c e 6 e . A k o c y n o K y m a jn noc/ieAKbe B p c Te 6m/ih peTKM n a HeMannoM T/iy, t o noe c n ^ra T p e 6 a CBeoTn Ha HMH>eHM4y Aa y n p a B O H a jm p o 6 neM,aTkm-
Hnjn e/ieMeHTn MapKCM3Ma noy3AaHO npon3/ia3e H3 H e M a H K n x T p a A n ^ n ja MeTacf)M 3 MHKor c n e ;ty zinpaHja, KOje c y A Q A y w e y o c s th o Da36/iaweHOj cbopMM n A aH ac Ae/iaTHe Mef)y hpm^ m noie O Tem aBajy Lunpeite HayHHor CTn/ia y rhM/ioaochnjn. C H ara ob hx TpaAni^nja TecHO je n o B e s ^ a ca HapoHMTMM nO/IHTHHHHM M COU,Hja/lHMM y A 6 '''1M HeM3HKor HapoAa y hobom BeKy. flo n c y ce EHr/iecna n cbpaHu,ycKa ycmocTaB/ba/ie nao MohHe Ha^noHa/iHe A P ^na B e n CTBapa/ie m no 6 p o jy n no yTMLi,ajy 3HanajaH cBeTCKH np0M3B0AHM c/ioj, y HeManKMM 3bm/baMa c y npnBpeAH e Te u jK o h e m no/inTHHHa pacuenKaHOCT noce6H O o a TpM A eceToroAnujhber paTa OMeTa/ie c/innaH pa3BMTaH. T a n o >e OBAe, a o a y 6 o h o y npeTXOAHM Ben, B/iaAajyhn Ky/iTypHM HHHM/iau 6 n/ia eBaHre/iMCTMHHa n a p o x n jc K a K yha: 3h,3T3h A eo boA e h n x c|>n/i030c|3a m A y x 0 BH 0 HayHHMX paAHM Ha npoM 3a m a o je M3 K .e. Y 3 to A o/ia3 n m HMR.eHnu.a Aa c y y eBaHre/iMCTMHHMM o 6 /iacTMM a npemnBe/ie m noTn n n H H o
HOBO OWMBe/ie pa3/IMHMTe HeO"!/iaTOHMCTMHKOTHOCTMHKM, na H ,3K M Ka6a/1MCTMHKM, yn/iMBncaHe CTpyje, Koje cy 6w/ie ryujeHe cx0/iacTMK0M n npyTOM upnBeHOM ynpaBOM. Tano ce, Aan/ie, iouu Ha Hpajy
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[92]
betw ee n the G reek scham arastid' Gosticiism " (rnaBHa ncTopnjcKa Be3a M3Mehy rpMKe LuaMaHMCTHHKe Tpaflimnje m tho CTM4H3Ma) , 1 2 m o t m b nafla Ayme y 6 ojiho cywaH>CTBO MaTepnje m o a H>e ocjio6af)ajyher n0H0BH0r y3JiaweHaa Ka BomaHCKOM n o p e M y npeHoiueH je po3
BeKOBe. yHeH>e o y3JieTy Ayme y oho HaflCBeTCKo Be3y]e ce ofl flo6a napMeHMfla nnja je c^eHa He6ecKor nyTOBaH>a OfljeK ,,JieTeH>a Ayuia eKCTSTMKe Mara1 3 ca jeAHMM noce6HMM cxaaiaH>dM 6owawcKor. 1-beroB nojaM ce Bmue He KOHCTMTynLLie BJiaAaH>eM Hafl JbyflCKOM HtMBOTHOM CTBapHOLuhy, Hero npeTewho m /im MCK/byHMBo TMMe luto ce OH HanejiHo ocjio6atia npnTMCKa peajiHOCTM. Tano cy 6o>KaHCHe oco6MHe y cyLUTMHn MCTe nao n oco6nHe Ayuje, KOje cy TaKotje oflpetjeHe n0CTyjiaT0M Bpefl,H0CTM HaflMohHocTM naA npnTiiCKOM peaJiMTeTa. npe CBera je napMeHMAOBo h^mmhosho 6nhe" HawM0 hH0 HajcypoBMjeM o6flMKy Tor npnTMCKa, cmpthoctm: oho je 6ecMpTHo (anolethron). H 3 Tora ce 3aK;byMyje fla je oho m HeHacTajio (ageneton) m ^a Mopa fla caHHHaBa jeflHo xoMoreHo, HefleJbHBO JeAHO, jep 6n Kao HeiuTo cJiciKeHO 6hjio aejbHBO m THMe np0Jia3H0.1 4 y ftajbeM Tony M3rpaheH je hmt3b nahoh 6omaHCKMx npeflMKaTa caBpmeHOTBa y3BMmeHOCT Hafl jimueHOLuhy, 3jiom, crpaujhy, kpmbh140M, h ta -1c Kojn ce cbh jaBJbajy nao caBpuieHCTBa caMO aaTO uito je HOBeK y cbom cjjaKTMHKOM mnBOTy nOTHHH>eH obhm xyheH>MMa.1 6 HaneTOCT M3Mehy MHH>eHMHKor npa^MOHajiMTeTa BpeAH O CTM Harne mMBOTHe CTB ap H O C TM M H>eHMX noM e H y T n x c y n p 0 T H 0 C T n hmhm mx B a m e h n M Ha p a 3 jiHHMTe H a n n H e , m to Hajnpe y yneH>y p,a Ayiua
CBojMM n a ^ O M c jiy n a jH o f lo c n e s a n o ^ BJiacT H>oj H e n p n ja T e jb C K n c T p a H n x M o h n K O CM O ca m fla 0 Ha n o M o h y npoH M uiheH >a n 0 H 0 B 0 T p e S a fla c e y3flM THe
nopeKJlO M Ha Taj HaHMH OTyt)MTM Ce O A tJBOr M3B o p a ;21 Mnan c y nojeAM He MCKpe H e6ecK o r CBeTJiocH or ejieMOHTa y n p a B o Ayuue ohmx KojM MmneKyjy ocjio6ot]eH>e H e c p e h n e y tbmm Te jie c H o r OBeTa, y KOMe ce n e M o ry ocehaTM Kao k o a CBoje Kytie. ,,y OTyheH>y o a C Bor M3Bopa, Kpo3 3ajiyTajiocT y OKOJiHOj TytiMHM 0H 0ra OBAe, A o m jio je caM00Tytje-
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ccHOBy nera 6oroBM njiaHeTa AonymTajy AyiuaMa mptbmx nyTOBaH>e HaBMme Kpo3 ccjjepe, oHAa y C})M J1030C}3CKM paUM0HajlM30BaHMM 06jlMUMMa M 3 He6ecKor nyTa Ka cmptm HacTaje nyT cnaca OHora ko je mMB 3a 3HaH>e o 60 maHCK0CTM BJiacTMTor npaBor ja (vvahren S elbast ).23 rHOCTMHKo ,,nocTajaibe caMOCBecHMM HMje nyna TeopMjCKa nojaBa, HMK3KBO CaMOnOCMaTpaH>e y CMMCJiy MHTpOCneKTMBHe ncMxojiorMje, Hero jeflaH o6pa3au ocjio6atiaH>a, KojM nyTeM nonoBHor 6yheH>a cBecTM npeop6amaBa 60maHCK0CT HOBena, tbko Aa ce u^ejio yneH>e Mome
03H3HMTM K80 ,,TpaHc4>OpMMpajyha MMCTMKa .24
y o6jiacT 6omaHCKe 6jiameHOCTM m caBpiueHCTBa.1 7 OBaj motmb, motmb homoiosis theo, theopoieisthai1 8 Mrpao je y TeoJiomKO-c}3MJio3octJCKOM MMmjbeH>y Kac H e aH TM K e B J ia A a jy h y y j i o r y . Ajim m n o p e A T o r a , n o c Ta B Jb a c e n M T a ite o O A H O c y , M3HaA C B a n o r xyheH>a m, K 0H 3H H 0, M3HSA CBaKor M3jeAHanaBaH>a ca 60 jiH0-HecaBpLueHMM cBeTOM y3AnrHyTor 6omaHCTBa, npeMa mctom to m CBeTy. Ako obo 6omaHCTBO He Tpe6a Aa ce nojaBM K ao yKynHOCT caBpmeHCTBa,
Hero
Ha tm m nao je npaocH O Ba 6jiM 3y c B e ra
6 M B C T B y jy h e r,
Aa ce, He
oHAa caM o
ocjio6atiaH>y
MHAHBMAya y
hbhmh
n o M M ca o
c y A 6 MHa nojeAM He A y iu e , H ero m u e jio r cB eTa, cxBaK ao A p a M a n a fla m n o H O B H o r A H3aH >a .19
OnMrjieAHO je noBesanocT obmx Te0Ji0mK0-c}3Mji030c}dckmx npeAaja ca MarMjcKO-eKCTaTMHKMM moTMBMMa m yneH>MMa o ocjio6atiaH>y opMjeHTaJiHor nopenjia BOAMJia HacTaHKy rHOCTMHKMX m H0B0njiatohmhkmx cneKyjiai4Mja. Tano cBercKM npo^ec koa
rHOCTMKa BajieHTMHa
cmmcjiv 6emaH>a oa CBeTa, a mocTMHapM ce caMo CTporo y3eB 36Mjajy y 3ajeAHMue ohmx KojM Tpame cnac, anonajiMnTMKa oneKyje koh3hho npeo6jiMKOBan.e cBeTa m necTO ce n o B e 3 y j e ca BeoMa anTMBHMM peJlMmjCKO-nOJlMTMHKMM noKpeTMMa. AnoKajiMnTMHKe m e c x a T 0 j i 0 m K e cneKyjiauMje JeBpeja ctoje y AnpeHTHOM OAHOcy ca h>mxobmm 6 o p 6 a M a npoTMB CejieyKMAa m KacHMje n p o T M B PMMJbaHa. LUto ce HMH>eHMHKM nojiomaj BMme n o r o p m a B a , to noTpe6a 3a naAOM m ocbbtom npeMa no6eAHMHHMM
0T n 0HMH>e TMMe m To
MMm-
jbeHO y cmmcji^ HeraTMBHe TeojiorMje Kao Heca3HaTJbMBo 6omaHCTBO OTuenjbyje, oahocho OTnyLUTa oa ce6e ejieMeHT CBeTJi 0CTM KOjM CBe Ay6Jbe
TOHe y MaTepMj^.2 0 C yp B a H e cB eTjiocH e A y iu e M ory
AonacTM
MaTepMjM,
3a6opaBMTM
cBOje
60 maHCK0
[93]
noHBapeH, ajin o a y noBeftaBai-by H & cpehe Hnje t o amko yonaBajia onoMMH>aHje Ha yH yTpaiuH>e caMOOCBeuihnBai-be Hao jeM CTBo 3a t o Aa o b o flo 6 a CBeTa Mfle Ha npajy m ^ a ce BpeMe npaja, y KOMe Bor n 0 H0 B0 y c n o c Ta B jb a npaBeAHOCT m cyAM Hen p n ja Te ^ n M a A o 6 pa, n p n 6jiW H aBa .28 H a Taj HaHHH anoKaflMnTHHHOM nao m rHOCTMHKOM MMiujbeH>y ca Aaiufba, MyHHa HeAatia M3rjieAa nao jeAaH H yw H n HeraTMBHM npejiaaHn cTynart> Ha n y T y na KOHaHHOM A0CTM3aHjy c n a c a ; Hecpetia c e y 6 owaHCKOM njiaHy, o a h o c h o npouecy cnacert.a, no KOMe ce OABnja CBeTCKo Aora^aHbe, n e Mome pacnopeAMTn 6e3 TeiuHotia. fla n jie , cB pxa 06 a yneH .a je Aa ce HOBeKy ojiaKiua c y K o 6 ca npnTncKO M pea/inTeTa, yTOJiMHO ywojimko ra y B e p a B a jy y t o a s je o h o u jto je c y n p 0TH 0 BpeAHOCTM H yw HO y OKBnpy A o rat}a n.a onaceH ja, ajin Aa je m cto TaKo H y H O m np eBa3ntin ra. CBanaKO, oho u jto ce y KOHKpeTHOM c jiy n a jy bmah nao n e cpetia a iuTa K,ao c n a c , t o Ha o n iu T y c x e M y o (pejiaTM BHo) a o 6 pom npacTaH>y, cKpnBJbeHOM mjim HywHOiM na A y n, KOHanHO, cwrypHOM oc/io 6 at)aiH>y HeMa HHKaKBor y Tn u a ja . Tano c e y TOwy BeKOBa CBe iLiTO c e Ba3Aa o c e tia nao Hemejb&Ho, HecaBpiueHO mjih 3jio, M om e pacnopeAM TM y T y c x e M y n Tmvie c e 6 n npn 6 aBMTH y c p e tiy jy tie yBepeH>e A a je hoh3hho npeBa3HJiawert.e 0H0r HeraTHBHor cnrypHo. Tn M e ce OBaj Tpo(J)a3HM pnT3M o c jio 6 at]aHja m ocTM HKO-anoKajinnTMiHKor o 6 jinKa yBpujhyje noA, y TpaAnu,noHa/iHoj MeTa4)M3m4M m Te o p n jn Mopajia Tan o 6 pojH e, npasHe o 6 p a c u e , nojn CBOjy M3BaHpeAny OMMJbeh o c t 3axBajbyjy HHHjeHMUM lu to c e ohm ycJieA cbo je npa3HMHe M o ry CTaBMTn y cjiyw 6y CBane, o a h o c ho CKopo CBane eMOUMOHajiHe mjih npaHTHHHO-nojinTMHKe n o Tp e 6 e n lu to c e 3ancTa n CTaBJbajy .2 0 JeAHOCTaBHOCT Te cxeM e w H enocpeAHO M36aBjbehbe Roje OHa n p y w a H O B e n y K Ojn je cjio M Jb e H npMTMCKOM p e a n n T e T a , Ha mctm HannH HMHe pa3yM jbMBMM t o i u t o c e OHa y BeKOBHMa A y m M n p e A a ja Ma o A p m a B a nao o o h o b h m m otm b m lu t o ce OHa MSHOBa H a M e tie TparajiaHKOM Ayxy, nan m naAa c y 0 Be np e A a je npeKM HyTe. Ajim m c to je Tan o n p o 6jieMaTMHHO M 3 nyK e noJa-Be cx&Me 3ak Jbyhn;BaTm flyxoBHonoBecHe Be3e. Mnan, raKBe Be3e 6e3 cyM H.e n o c TO je . A y x o B HOnOBeCHO 3HaHeHje mOCTMHKO-HOBOnJiaTOHMHKMX M ecxaTOJioujHO-anoKaJimnTMHKMX MHcaoiHnx c Jdopm m jeABa Aa c e m Mome npeueHMTM. HoBonjiaTOHMHHe m mocTM HKe m m cjim cyiuTMHCKM c y yTM najie Ha jeBpejCTBO M XpMLLltiaHCTBO, yOCTaJIOM, M Ha MCJiaM. TaKaB c e yTMU,aj M om e oceTMTM joiu k o a HjieM eHTa M3 AjiencaH APM je m O pM reH a; nan ce M Ow e t b p a m t m A a je, nao l u to je II j io t m h 6 mo He3Ha6owaHKM, OpM reH 6 mo xpMiutiaHCKM M3Aa>HaH rH03Mca, k o Jm ce npeo6paTMo y HMCTy MeTacf>M3MKy. ,,flpaMaTCHO-MMTOJiOLUKM m o tm b m e c x a T O Jio m je 0 Tn a A a jy, a y o h t o jiolukm m XMnocTa3aMa 6Mfie ce nOKa3yje nao no-
oa
ripoKjioBe 4>m-
J10304>Mje
33BMCH0,
AG/lO
TaK03BaH0r
flMOHMCMja
A p e o n a rM Te . XMJbaAy roAMHa HH>Mre To6oM H>er anoCT0Ji0B0r yneHMKa yniMBajy yrjieA KojM iHaAMauiyje caMO BM6jiMja.31 M oBAe c e CBeTCHM npou,ec nona3yje no cxeMM p ro o d o s m e p is tro fe .32 BaH cBanor MMOHa nocTaBJbeno 6ow aH CTBO HacTaBJba Aa y ce6 M npe6MBa y anc0JiyTH0M MMpy, a MCT0BpeMeH0 no yHyTpauiH>oj HymHOCTM M3Jia3M M 3 ce6e, yM H oroCTpynaB a c e m n p o n B e Ta sa M3 jeAMHCTBa y mhoiutbo, ajiM ce uaMejiHo noiHOBO apatia y jeAMHCTBO.33 CacBMM ce HaAOBe3yjytiM na TaKBe m m c jim C n o T y c E p jy reH a, KOjiM je na 3axTeB uap a Kapjia Tie jia B o r ca rpH K or npeBeo Ha ji 8 t m h c k m apeonarM Tcne cnMce, npMMeHiMO je c x e M y OBe B pcTe m Ha arties lib e ra le s, npe cBera a AMjaJieKTMKy, Koja ce 6aBM cyiuTMHOM, ,,T a o petiM BJiacTMTMM npMHUMnoM He ca'Me, o a k o ra npoMCTMHy ue/ia Kbena noA ejia m BMiuecTpyKOCT (diviislio e t multiipliicartio), ujto caHMH>aBa caApm aj 0Be BeiUTMHe, noja Kpo3 HajonujTMje B pcTe m nocpeA H e p0A 0 B e cMJia3M a o Hajnoce6HMjiMX ctopMM m o6jiMHa m noHOBO c e no npaBMjiMMa pa3BOja nojMa npo3 MCTe CTynHbeBe, no KOjM'Ma je Muuia ycrmH>e AO cyuiTM He caM e, o a noje je noujjia. H e n p e c Ta n o ce Aanjie, ona Bpatia 0B0Me, y neiviy cTajiHO TewM Aa noHMBa, Aa 6m KpywMJia y hmctom Ay*0BH0M KpeTaHj ^ .3 4 M 3rjieAa Aa je y o b o m KapaKTepMcaH>y AMjajieKTMHe Beti M3rpat}eHo KpeTaH>e nojM a Kano ra je Xereji pa3BM0.
to
no
npBOj JiM'HMijM npeKO MaiKpo6Mja3G , Aocneo je motmb nAa m yonoH a m a o fla'HTea, HMja EomaHCHa
KOMeAMja npeACTaBJba nyT cnaca HOjw najia Ay* tua (AejiOM noA Botjctbom ct>MJi03o4>Mije) M3 HajAy6jbe noMpaneHocTM Hpo3 CTpacTM npOM3aiujie M 3 MaTepM je jep Tano Tp e 6 a pa3yMeTM 3a6 jiyA ejiocT (P a k a o , 1. 2ff y s e lv a o s c u ra , k u le , oahooho MaTepMjM npoB a jb yje H arope Ha 6orojiMHocTM.
CBeTora fl,yxa.u MMiujby o ocTBapeH>y i^apcTBa 6omjer wa 3eMJbM, Hoje Tpe6a OHeKMBaTM y 0KBMpy noBecTM, no cTajia je joaxMTCKa npoc{)eu,Mja, mcxoamLUTe m y30p 3a peBOJiyuMOHapHe ecx aTO Jiom je
EBpone.
He Mory noApo6Ho o6paAMTM, AOCnejiM cy obm m CpOA'HM MOTMBM y UIBanCKM npOTeCTaHTM33M M , KOHaHHO, y MMUiJbehbe Xerejia m LilejnMHra.
Hajno3HaTMjM o a obmx nyTeB a noTMHe o a AmoHMCMja37 m npo3 HeMaHKy MMCTMKy b o a m o a M ajcTep
npeT
KojM m
yHyTpaiuH 5e AHHaMMKe
AospeBa
ao
yHMBep3ajiHor npou,eca caMOOACTpai-bMBart.a m BpafiaH>a m CTBapau je caMO y npoTMU,aHjy o B o r y A e ca.30 HajBamHVfjM npoA O p m o t m b b T e B pcTe y xpM-
[94]
UifjcHii npan m o c T M HHO-ecxaTO/iOLunor MMiujbeH>a Tpe6a, Met)yTMM, 6apeM OB/iarn cKmj,MpaTM. HaKo je EpHCT 5eH4 HeflaBHo noKa3ao, oa BpeMena Pojx/iMHa noCTojM y eBaHre/iMCTiMHHoj LLlBancKoj je^HO c p a 3 M e p ho jano CTpyjanje, Koje, 3 a pa3/iM Ky oa otfM4Mje/iHe opTOflOKCnje, oneKyje cyujTMHCHo o6jaujH>eH>e o nocfleAHioj TajHM cnacett>a oa xpMiuhaHCKM cxBatieH e Ka 6 a/ie. OBoj TpaAM UMjM n p M n a fla m 6 a p o n Hhop 4>oh Po3eHpoT (1636 1689), HMje je, 3a noBecT Ayxa BeoMa 3HaHajHO, Ae/io Cabbala denudata, jeABH jiaTMHCHM npeBOA M KOMHTap cnnca 3oxap,
no6yAM ^o AHBA>en>e nan m je A H o r Jlaj6HM ua. 3 a Hauiy TeM y Mnan je, npe C Bera, BawaH yTMuaj HojM je Ka6a/iMCTa HcaaK /lypM ac (1534 1572) MMao Ha
OpMApnxa HpMCTo4)a ETMiHrepa jep oa Mara c a jyra" boah AnpeHTHa Be3a Ka TM6MiHrHUJKoj 6orocinoBMjM.3 9 /1ypMjaHCKa na 6 ana, nacrana y ria/iecTMHM, Koja
cneKy/iau,M je (1702 1782),
Ha xpwujtiaHCKy Teo3o4>njy nneTM3Ma, HMjMM BOAetiMM 6paHM0UHMa npMnaAa m ETM Hrep. CnMce /iypnjaHcne TpaAM Unje oh HMje caM o no3HaBao m ycB0jMo, Hero mx y CBojMM paAOBMMa na BMuie MecTa M3pMiHMT0 noMMH>e y 3 JaKoSa EeM ea, y 3 hmJm cy o a h o c ca Ka6a/ioM no Tp e 6 H a joiu Hena odjaujH>eH>a.4 H 3M et)y ocTa/ior, oh je M3 tmx npeAaja n p e y 3 e o yneH>e. ,,Aa je y ,6ecM pTHocTM ' 6omjoj 3aTBopeHa HecxBaT/bMBa npenyH>eH0CT, npeo6M/be 6om aH C Kor mMBOTa, KOjM y P33/imhmtmm CTeneHMMa m KaAeHnaMa ocetia He0A0/bMB H a r o H Ka cBOMe 0CTBapMB3H>y m x o tie Aa CBOjy cnpMBeHy MHomnHy Te/iecHO pea/iM3yje 47 m BepoBao A a ce OBaj nponec CMMpyje m 3aBpuiaBa oTe /ioTB opeite M Eora y H c y c y XpM cry.48 3 a MMe ETMHrepa, M ara ca jyra", sHaHajna je , Kao ujto je m o6aBeuiTaBajytia y nor/ieAy AyxoBH onoBecH M x B e3 a, HMH>eHMua Aa je Ethhrepa, KojM je m caM 6mo nMTOMau TM6MHreHu/Ke 6oroc/iOBMje, 1763. roAMHe p e n e Te H T OBe uiKO/ie Jah o6 ctpMAPMx H/ieM 3aM0/iM0 Aa ra yBeAe y a6a/iMCTMKy.4U
Hao /bMBO m m ocTM H ap n, CTBapaH >e oh M oBen m E TM H re p yMM Aa je bma(k a t a b o l e ) 50 M om e c Aa M 3 6 m, MnaK, M o ra o A a o c/io 6 ofln H acTa /io naAOM M cno/baBa pa3M 3Tpa neM y napa/ie/iy m najBMiUM Ayx ocHOBHoj c}jopMyHaBeAe-
y MHoro nonieAa npeACTaB/ba npepaAy AomMB/baja npoTepMBan>a M3 UJnaHMje, na cBOjeBpcTaH hbhmh o 6 HaB/ba KaKo mocTMHKe TaKo m ecxaT0/i0iuK0-an0Ha/lMHTMHKe MMCaOHe TO K O B e , a AB He MOWeMO Aa OA/iynnMO A a -hm ce paAM o hohobhom omMB/baBaH>y npeAaTMX motmb3 m /im o KOHreHMja/iHMM hobmm TBopeBMHaMa M3 jeAHe yHyrpaujH>e m/im ono/baujH>e cMTyauMje, noja je dm a c/imhh3 CMTyauMjM CTapMx mocTHKa m anoKa/iMnTMKa.40 OcHOBHa npeTnocTaBKa m OBOr yneH>a jecTe BepoBaH>e Aa CBeT HMje hm n 0TnyH 0 pa 3ABojeH oa Eora hmtm je jeAHOCTaBho MAeuTMHaH c h>mm, Hero Aa npeAcraB/ba H>er0B0 caMopa3BMjaH>e.4 1 BoHiaHCKa cyuiTMHa ocTBapyje ce y cseTCKOM npou,ecy, y MMjeM TOKy o a He AocneBa caMO ao CBecTM Hero m ao 0Te/i0TB 0peH>a c a M e ce 6 e. rioujTO y oBa)j npou.ec caMOMcno/baBaH>a Eora cnaAa m H>er0 B0 caMOOTBapaH>e y CTBapaH>y yHMBep3yMa m H>eroBo npec/iMKaBaH>e y HOBeKa, a TMMe m u,e/ia noBecT cnaceH>a hobenancTBa y obo 36 MBaH>e Mcno/beHor 6 o w je r caM ooctb apM BaH>a yK /b yn e H je pa3BM T3K CBeTa mcto tbko K ao m noBecT cnacen>a. He caMo HacTajaite yHMBep3yMa, Hero je m noBecT cpa3MepH0 jeAaH TeoroHMjcHM npo ue c .42 Hao m ctbpm rH03MC, m /iypMjaHCKa na6 a/ia no3Haje naA 6 omaHCKe cBeT/iocHe M cnp e m HbeHO BpatiaH>e, nao m cbcbmm ycnujTeHO HacTanaH cbmx CTBapM M3 Eora m hmxob M36 aB/byjytiM noBpaTan H>eMy. Mnan, oc/io6 atiaH>e HeMa caMO y TOMe ce /lypMjac pa3/WKyje o a cpeAH>oBeHOBHe Ka 6 a/ie mmctmhkm m thoctmhkm, Hero M MCTopMjCKO-HauMOHa/iHM m ecxaT 0/i0iuKM aoneKT: M36aB/beH>e M3pae/ia HepacKMAHBO je Be3aH0 ca M36aB/beH>eM cbhx CTBapM .45 3aTo je jespejcTBO y cbom
HOBOM e r 3 M/iy CTBOPH/IO (caCBM M M npaKTM HHO-nO/lM p a 3 yM /bM By) anoKa/iM nTM HKy MAeo/iomjy, ce B/iacTMTo KpajH>e oc/io6at]aH>e n o K / ia n a K pajHiMM oc/io 6 at}an>eM cbmx cTBopeH>a.4 4 th h h m K o jo j no ca
y-Je A M H >yje p ro o d o s
E o r o M .51 f l o npM
m c to j H>eroBe ro p e
m e p is t r o f e
ja c H y
uiBancKM Teo-
m to k
n p e A C T a B / b a jy
O A^iOM Ky oa a/iM
ue/iM He M ecTO
je A M H C TB y , p e f te n o Ha
c B o je
ue/iMHM.
TyM an eH >e
yK a 3yje
X e re /iO B O
cx B a Ta H > e :
H enocpeAHO
a n c Tp a K TK p e Ta ao anco-
Hor
K O H K pe TH O AO
H>e n o jM a " o a n p a 3 H o r h m c t o t E M tia, n o je je H M iuTa, H a c Ta ja H > a o 6 M/be H a T e ro p M ja /iyTH e M A e je , n o ja n p o u ,e c y . Mnan HMje H M uiTa 0 H 0 C T p a H 0 , Hem pa3BM/ia ce y cbm om
ro je Befi 6 M/ia n a n o n e T K y
H n a n je ETMHrep np eno C Bora yHMTe/ba JoxaHa A n 6 p e x T a EeHre/ia (y M p o 1752) noBe3fiH m ca ecxaTO/IOLUKMM cxBaT3H>eM noBecTM ujBancKor nMeTM3Ma a TMMe y Aa/beM Tony ca TpaAMUMjaMa Koje noTMHy o a JoaKMMa O /iopM jcK or.53 A h o ce ecxaTo/iouikm CTaB HOBMje Ka6a/ie M om e o6jacHMTM nao peaKujMja Ha npoTepMBaH>e M3 LLJnaHMje, OHAa je ctb b ,,uiBaincHMX O T a u a " noc/ieAMua cTa/iHMX <t>paHuycKMx MHBa3Mja, p a c T y tie r npMTMcna npoTMbpecjjopMau,vtje m anco/iyTMctmhhmx KHemeBiMiHa, a/iM m HacTynaH>a 6e36om.Hor upooBeTMrre/bOTBa. EeHre/ioBa MCK/byHMBa C B ecT nocM aTpana je 3/10 CBora BpeMeHa, noje je je A Ba 6m/io cn o c o 6 H o A a c e no aetia, Hao AOKaa 3a 6/im3M'Hy uapcTBa 6 o m je r, m8H acTMpcn m yHMTe/b M3 A e n HeHAop4>a je Ha 00H0 By Jo B ano B e AnoHa/iMnce nan M3panyHao A a tie nOBpaTaK X pm ctob 6mtm 1836. Tano ce n o B e cT, noja je 3a EeHre/ia npeACTaB/ba/ia
Ca HeKMM M3MeH3Ma, /iypMjaHCKa nadana naMUJna je Ha npMjeM m y EBponn, HapOHMTO y Htb/imjm45, Xo/iaHAMjM m jyro3amaAHoj HeManKOj. Y eBaHre/iMCTMHKOj HeMaHKoj OHa je, npe caera, yTHua/ia
[95]
ApaMa ca npeoKpeTOM oa uapcTBa 3jia ao i^apcTBa 6owjer. JeflBa fla c e n M om e inocyMR.aTn Aa ce EeHrejioBo noBesnsaKbe MAeje HanpeAyjytier ocTBapntBahba 6owje eHOHOMMje c n a c a c a obom AnjajieKtmmkom Mfleo/iorMjoM yrH3 eTaBaHja caHHHjaBa Teojioujkm npay3op MeTac})M3MHe noBecTM ujBancKnx MfleaJincTa, yTOJiMKO BHLue ujto m koa X e re jia n k o a UJejiiHHra m flajbe nocTojn cnoj flMjajieKTMKe noBecth c,a npo6jieMOM 3/ia.
CneKyjiaunje o ,,3JiaTH0M A o 6 y ', o pannje nocTOjetieM ,,xmbaAyrofliMUJHjeM qapcTBy" n H>er0B0M caBpuieHOM flpyujTBy, npnMajy koa ETnnrepa kohKpeTHe o6jiMKe. ycjie fl ripoTMBJbeHja nneTMCTa ancojiyTM3My n ApmaBHOj u,pKBH, uapcTso 6om je noKa3yje M3pa3HTM AeMOKpaTCKii KapaKTep: cbm cy jbyAM Met)yco6Ho jeAHaKH, uiTaBMUJe, Tpe6a p ,a ce yKMHe m npHBaTHO BJiacHnujTBO; HMcy noTpe6HM hh BJiacT hm HOBau. O bo ,,yKMAaH>e Apw aBe" n H>eHa 3aMena hokom bpctom K0MyHMCTMMK0r MAeajiHor ApyuiTBa AeJiyje yn p K o c cbmm xpMuitlaHCKMM UpraMa ynpaBO Kao MapKCOB npeAyjaM, aok je, o6pHyTo, koa MapKca jacHO naKo cy, ynpHoc OBOj ceKy/iapM3anMjM m ynpKoc ommtom hmctom MaTepMjajiMCTMHKOM 3acHMBahby H>eroBor yqeHja o APyuJTBy, M3BOpHO peJlMrMjCHM, eCXaT0J101ilKM eJieMeHTM joui yBeK mMBM.5 4
TMMe je AOCTMrHyTO HajBamHMje MCTopMjcKo Me. c to cn o ja M3Met}y rH0CTM HH0-ecxaT0Ji0iuKe TpaAH UMje55 m yHeifca X e re jia m MapKca, KOje A o n yu jTa Aa ce M3BaHpeAHe CM CTeM CKO-CTpyKTypajiHe c jim h h o c tm o 6 ja cH e m reHeTMHKM. TMMe c e on cem H O noTBptiyje m CMejio TBptjehbe JaMo6a Tay6eca: , ,A m. jajieKTMHKa jiorMKa je jiorMKa noBecTM . O H a je y ochobm ecxaTOJiouiH or TyM aH en.a cB eTa. O B a JiorMKa ce 0 A p e tjyje nMTan>eM o m o T im HeraTHBHor, Kano je o h o nocTaBJbeHO y anoKajiMnTvmM m rH03M cy. Y anoKajiMnTMUM m rH03Mcy jiem w 0CH0Ba 3a m h o t o onMCMBaHy, ajiM peTKo cxB a tieH y X e re jiO B y jiorMKy",56 a KaAa Ta y6e c HacTaBJba: O a h o c M3Metjy ano k ajim n t m h k o-rH o c t m h k e OHTOJiorMje m X erejiO B e jiorMKe HMje BeuiTanKM m HaHHaAHO nocTaBJbH", OHAa HOBMja MCTpamMBaHja Ha noja caM yKa3ao a o HeK/ie nojaH aB ajy OBy T e 3 y .67 A ko 6 m M etiy noKa3ahmm A yx o B H o n o b ec H mm noBe3anOCTMMa Hene jo u j MorJie 6mtm HejacHe mjim npo6jieM aTM HHe, Mnan mm ce hmhm M3BaHpeAHO BamHMM Aa eHeprMHHo yna-
A yx a npocBeTM TejbCTBa k o jim k o M3 A yx a nMeTMCTMHKe ono3M4Mje.59 Tpo4>a3Ha cxeM a ocjio6atjaH>a jacho je yoHJbMBa Beh y cnMCMMa TM^MHreHuiKor m 6epH C K or nepMOAa, m t o y tfcopMM Koja c e jeAHo3'HaHHO o a h o c m Ha 6 yA ytiH O C T. M jiaAH MMCJiMJiau, je ocetia o pasBMTan o a jeA H e HapOAHe pejiMrMje" Koja je 3axTeBajia c b o A yujeB H e m o K m , m 3a Kojy je B e p o B a o Aa je ocTB apeH a y aHTMUM, a o xjiaAH or ,,no3MTMBMTeTa ayTopM TapH e xpMmtiaHCKe o p t o a o k CM je Hao HeKy B p cTy na A a , nao ,,OABajaH>e 60 o a npaBe cyuiTM He pejivtrMje, o je 6 m h o h o b h m m c je AMHsaBahbeM Tp e 6 a jio A a 6 y A e npeBa3MtieHo ynpaB O y o h o m 6yAytieM ,,u a p cTB y 6om JeM 61 o KOMe c y X e re ji m XejiAepjiM H 3ajeAH0 caH>apMJiM.82 y jeAHOM CMCTMCKOM 4>parMeHTy M3 4)paHKCt)ypTCH or nepMOAa, k o J m Beti c a A p w n oyuiTMHCKe ejieM enTe hberoBor HacHMjer 4>MJi030c}3MpaH>a, X er ej i no cM aTpa CBeTCKM n p o u e c nao ,,pacTaBJbaH>e" M3BopH O r j e A H H C T B a m M BOTa" y MHOUITBeHOCT KOHaHHMX m 4>MKCMpaHMx, M etiyco6H o m y OAHOcy n a mMBOTHO jeAMHCTBO, pa3JlMHMTMX MAMBMAya; OBa HeraTMBHa, anM H ym na cfraaa a n cTp a H TH o r M H ouiTBa" Mnan tie Ce nOHOBO yKMHyTM y mMBOTHOM jeAHH CTBy m h olutBenocTM, 6ecKOHaHHOM mMBOTy, o a h o c h o ,,A y x y .63 H a Taj HaHMH Je y npou,ecy mMBOTa MOMeHaT pa3ABajaiba, cynpoTCTaBJbaH>a mjim Herau,Mje m cto Tano A ejia Tan m HymaH nao m m om h3t M3MMpeH>a, o a h o ch o HerauM je Herau,Mje. Obmm nocTojetiMM CTa-
HOBMuiTMMa oAroBapajy ca3HajHa CTaHOBMuiTa: ,,M3o/iM pajytia" pecfiJieKCMja pa3yM a AOHeKJie yTB pt}yje nojeAM Ha, M et)yco6HO pa3ABojHa 0ApeheH>a himboTa, a o h ce y A y x y bpujm noHOBHO cjeAMH>aBaH>e. C jim h h o ct t3hbm x cneKyjiauM ja c a th octm h ko -h ob on Jia TO H M C TM H K M M M O TM B O M npaOOHOBe, K O ja O T n y iU T a CBe M3 c e 6 e , o a h o c ih o AMcj)pHHMpa c e npeM a c s e T y , mjim c m o t m b o m ynoce6jbaBaH>a m c k p m A y w a y M aTepnjM, m c t o je Tano OHMrjieAna nao m cjim h h o c t ca BepoBaH>eM Aa c e Ha o c h o b ^ 3HaH>a, noje ja Ha BMiuieM HMeoy o a nynor paayMa, najiM caeT Mom e noHOBo yjeAMHMTM m m3 m m p m tm ca 6omaHCKOM npaocHOBOM .64 M o m A a je OBa c j im h h o c t joui yonjbMBMja y nojMOBMMa ,,OTytjeH>a" m ,,ocnojbeH>a" (E n tfre m d u n g , E n ta u s s e ru n g ), naKO mx c y cp e tie M o y dieHOMeHOjio m jM A y x a : A n c o jiy T ce Mopa OTytiMTM y A p y r o , HeraTMBHO, Aa 6 m c e Te n nyTeM 0 B 0 r 0TytieH>a m H>eroBMM npeBa3MJiameH>eM AOCTMrjio npaBo jeAMHCTBO ca C3MMM C060M M CBOjMM CaBpLUeHCTBOM.65 A a ce T y cyuiTMHCKM pa^M o TeojiouiKMM naTeropM JaMa noTBpAM tie jeA H o m o c t o M3 d)MJi030c{iMje pejiMrw je: HoH anHo je , AaKjie, cyiiiTMHCKM MOMeHaT 6eCKOHaHHor y npMpoAM E o ra , m 3aT0 ce Mome petiM: C m E o r je Ta j h o Jm c e OKOHHaBa. . . A jim o b o noCTOjaH>a KOH3HHOCTM He CMe c e HBPCTO TBPAMTM, n e ro ce Mopa ynMHyTM: E o r je KpeTaH>e na KOHanhom m TMMe yKMAaH>e KpeTaH>a Ka ce6M c b m o m ; y OHOMe J a , nao k o h 8 h h o yKMAajytieM, Bpatia ce E o r ce6M, m je c T e E o r caMO nao o b o BpatiaH>e."66
M CTpam yjy
X e re jia
M a^a je obmm oAHOCMMa nojeAHHaHHO n0Tpe6H0 jorn pacBemaBaHia, Mnan je Heocnopno Aa y mmmjbeH>y MJiaAor Xerejia 3HanajHy yjiory virpa T6Me-
jbHM motmb rH03Mca, npo6jieM HeraTMBHor m H>eroBor npeBjiaAaBaHaa, m Aa M 3 jera AnjajieKTMKa nojiaKo M3pacTa. XerejiOBa KOHKpeTHa nocTaBJbaHja nMTaHia npe CBera cy cacBMM TeojioujKO-nojiMTMHKa, npn neMy H>eroBa npMTMKa caBpeMenor ancojiyTM3Ma m ApniaBHe u,pKBe He boam nopenjio tojimko m 3
[96]
H a hoj'm je HaHHH X e re ji 6/iMme m3boamo obo 3HaMehbe CBeTCKor n p o u e c a nao TeoroHM je m Te o (JjaHHje, He M Ow e ce y OtKBMpy Hauie TMe Aajbe o6pahnBaTM . MnaK je BamHo ^ a je m o h , m TaBnu ie m np e CBera, cxBaTMO no BecH o-A pyujTB He m HaynHe ofln oce Kao AnjajieKTMHKe nojaBe. Y n p a B o c e y noBecTM bplum 0K0HMaBaH>e m npo/iameH>e 6 o ra -fly xa, H>er0B0 t,ocnoA.aBaH.e y B peM e , ho o h o je MCTOBpeMeHO pa3BnjaHje m pec})/ieKTnpajytie n p o w n Mahbe H>eroBor y H y T p a w H ie r 6oraTC TB a m Ha Taj Hahm'h HywHM n y T Ka hberoBoj caBpiueHocTM Koja 3Ha caM y c e 6 e , Koja ce flocTMKie y anc0JiyTH 0M 3HaHay c|3M/i030c|)nje. 3 a T 0 Xere/i M om e ^ a pa3BMja cj>w/io30cjDMjy noBecTM Kao rHOCTM4Ky TeoflMi 4e jy .67 O h o lu to je y3ApMa/io 0H 0ra Kojn no cM aTp a n y T HOBeMaHCTBa Moti H ecpetie m 3/ia, n p o jia s H o c T /lerior m n/ieMeHMTor je c T e , Kao noc/ieflMua T o r ok oh MaBaHsa m np0/ia3iH0CTM, caMO oho HeraTMBHo, Koje je flO A yiue H yw HO , a/in KOje ce m H yw H o npeBaaM/ia3M, m 3aTO c e MMC/ietiM A y x M om e m3mmpmtm c HeraTMBHMM. H3MMpeH>e M3Metiy MMLii/bert.a m m c t o pMjCKe CTBapHOCTM, k3ko je oho M3BptueHo nyTeM 4>M/i030c}5Mje, oBaKaKO o c Ta je orpaHMneHO Ha kohTeMn/iai 4Mjy Koja r/iefla yH a Tp a r. A k o je M/iaflM Xere/i, a o k je m m c/im o n a npaKTHHHO npeBa3M/iamert.e
m
ocno/baBaHae m B p a tia H ie , Hera^Mja m H e ra ^ M ja Herai^M je m ta MCTyna M3 n o A p y n ja Te030<i>CKMx cn e Ky/iaL^Mja n o je c e He M o r y H O HTpojiM caTM y noflp y n je a 3 t o c t m n o je c e M o r y KOHTpo/iM caTM m TMMe c e c y n p 0 T 0 TaB/ba M e T O A a M a K o je c y H a y n e p a 3 BM/ie 3a onM CM BaHie m no ja uirt,a B ai-be 4)M3mhhmx m cou,Mja/iHMx A o ra tia fb a . H nan c e M o m e yHMHMTM A a ce A m ja/ie ntm h ka M e T O A a c ja jH O n o T B p tjy je m y obmm 06 jiacTMMa: X e r e ji m A P yrM mmcjimohm o a jim h h o c y pa3 yM ejiM A a c e T a j pm tbm Hajiai3 M C B y A a - A jim OBa yH M Bep3a/iHa npM M eH/bM BOCT im H e n o rp e u iM B O C T amja/ieKTM He c a M a j e npM BM AHa, j e p OH a, y CTBapM, noHMBa Ha M 3B a H p eA H o j H e o A p e tie H O C TM o H o ra luto c e C M a Tp a AMja/ieKTMHHMM, n p e C B e ra Ha n 0 Tn y H 0 HejacHoj y n o T p e 6 M M 3pa3a HerauMja. A k o y thoCTMHKOj o om
Te030cj)MjM OHO
OCHOBHOM
H eraTM B'H O
CBOjMM
OAHO-
np M a
Aom M 'B/bajy
npMTMCKa pea/iM-
T e T a m n p e M a me/bM 3a ite ro B M M npeBasM /iam eHseM MMa A O H e n/ie ja c H o Ha3HaHMB c M M ca o , o H A a je np ouiM pert.e M o r y t ie pa30M TMHKa A nja/ieH TM H e Ha CBa n o A p y n ja cTB a p H o c TM
caM o n o u,e n y npam rt>eiba nojM a HeraTMBMT e T a . H a K o j e KpMTMKa 0 A a B H 0 no K a3a/ia, obmm M30 3 H a n a B a jy ce Hajpa3/iMHMTMjM H 3yH H 0 oahocm : jio-
yKMAaLfae AonaA^>MBnx
c j )o p M M
caBpeMeHor pe-
/iMrMjcHO-no/iMTMHKor mMBOTa y jeAHOM 6 yA ytie M ,,u a p cTB y 6 o m je M ", c / i e A M o e c x a T o / iO L U K y n p e A a jy LUBancKor nMeTM3Ma, OHAa c e cTapMjM cj)M /io3ocj) cBe BMiue Bpatiao Ha nocMaTpaHKO M3MMpehbe ca noCTojetiMM m Ha H,eroBo HaABM cyjytie noMMattje y cj)opMaMa m ocTM HKe cneKy/iauM je: c a M o o c B e u i t i a B a H>eM A yx a y cj)M/io3ocj)MjM 3a >era je 6apeM y npM'Hu ,M n y 6M/ia A O C T M T H y T a c M H T e T M H H a , A O B p u i a B a j y t i a
no6MjaH>e, BpeAHOCho O A 6 M jaH .e, c{)M3mhko npeo6/iMHeH>e, cou,Mja/iHM KOHcj)/IMKT, HM30BM p33BOjHMX C TynH >eBa M , KOHaHHO, npOTMBpeHHOCT,
y o n m T e CBaiKa B pcTa npoM en e m paa/iMMMTOCTM. O hAa ce npaHTM HHO oho T. f l. Ma K o je c Ta n>e cTB a pM K ao c M om e y AMja/ieKTMHHOM oahocho C Tynny. ,,A j 1M Mm napa He p M TM y Be/iAOH no cTaB M TM H erau iM ja", TaKBO M no nam e:
H e ra T M B H o .
je A H O M
cBanaK o
np aB O M
JlMH rBMCTMlH KM
cj)aKTM HKy
u,Mijy n a A a K a m e M O A a
xpaoTO Bo a p b o
TpMK. MHcj)OpMaHennpa m n p ,
Hernpa BOAy, mjim A a K,anMTajiM 3 aM HerM pa 4>eyAajiM3aM .72 C x o a h o TO M e , CBano Mome Aa CBe u ito OA 6Mja mjim npoTMiB ne ra c e 6 opM , yrjiaBM nao HeraTMBHM npejia3HM cT3AMjyM y AnjajieKTMHKy cxeMy, ycTO Aa oh o HeraTMBHo ocyAM 6 e 3 ycTe3aH>a, m T3HO c e 6 M ctbopm npMjaTHo yBepehbe Aa t o npoTMB ne ra je npeBa3MJia3M nyTeM HerauM je H era uM je". V CBeTjiooTM obmx yBMAa AMjajieKTMKa c e noijaBjbyje n a o jeA H a o a npa3Hwx cj>opMyjia
Koje c y Tan o n e cTe y cj)MJi030cj)MjM KOja CBOjy B3HpeAHy O M M J b e H O C T M CBOj CBeTCKOnOBeCHM y T M u a j 3axBajbyje ynpaBO cBOjoj npaaHotiM m M 0rytiH 0ctm MaHMnyjiMea*ba.73
Tpocj)a3iHor pMTMa
np ao TaH >a ,
proodos
epristrofe,
Ha KOjM H8HM H Ce T3KBMM np33HMM cj)OpMyjiaMa y a3tom cjiynajy AHjajieKTMKOM M o m e mbhmnyjiM-caTM, noK,a3yje Beti, Ha ynpaBo K/iacMnaH nahmh, cyK06 M/iaAor MapHca ca Xere/iOM. riiMTaH>e: LUTa Tpe6a Aa caHMH>aBa Aa/bM caApmaj CBeTCHe noBecTM, nouiTO j e y Xere/ioBoj 4>M /io30tj>M jM cBeTCKM Ayx MnaK 6m o npomeT CBOjMM UM/beM, 3H3H>eM caMora ce6e ",74 Ten craca/iM MMC/in/ian, wao M/iaAOxere/iOBau, ocetiao je nao m^hho, uiTaBMiue 3a H>era je 6m o npo6 /ieM Kano yonuiTe /byAM Mory Aa mMBe npeMa jeAHoj T 0TajiH0j cj>M/i030cj)MjM".7 5
[97]
M 3 oBe HeBon>e oh je y3 noMoti AnjajieHTMKe nnan npoHaaiao M3/ia3, yT0JiMK0 luto je rpy6o tobopetin XerejiOBy ctmi030(|)Mjy nOMepno M 3 Tpetie y APyry, ynpaBOHeraTMBHy, 4>a3y cxeMe oc/io6atiafta.7 flajieKO oa Tora Aa npeflCTaBJba CBpmeTaK m jim M3Mnpyjyhe 3aoKpymeH>e, Xereji0B0 yHenbe je npe M3pa3 jeflHor jano M3pameHor uenaH>a oHor CTBapHor, Koje Temn cbom flnjajieKTHMKOM yKHfla4>y. TaKO Mapnc y cBojoj AOHTOpcKoj AncepTaL4 ,M jn H 3 1804. nmue joiu cacBHM xerejiOBCKOM TepMiMHOJiornjoM: rioiuTo ce cj3mio3oc}Dnja 3aTBopnjia y jeflaH caBpLueHM, TOTajiHM CBeT, oApetjeHOCT 0B0r TOTajnnTeTa ycjioBJbeHa je cBojMM pa3BHTKOM yonujTe; nao ujto je oHa ycjioe OBe cjDopMe, KOjn npeTnocTaBJba H>e;H O npeoKpeTaH>e y npaKTHHaH oahoc npeMa CTBapHocTn, Tano je TOTajinTeT caeTa yonuiTe noHHLUTeH y caMOM ce6n, m obo noHMUJTeibe aoujjio je ao BpxyH4a . . . CBeT je, A^Kjie, pa3AepaH CBeT, onaj Kora TOTajiHa cj3nji030cj>Mja y ce6n no6wja.7 7 AjiM y noBecTM nocroje momohtm y KdjnMa (j)mi030ct)nja HanyujTa CBoj KOHTeMnjiaTMBHO-nOMMajytin ct3b n cTyna y CBeTCKO AoratiaH>e nao npaKTMHHa Moti. Tano je caAa HymHo Aa ce XerejioBa cj)MJio3o4)Mja, KOj,a ce npoiunpvvia Ha cbct, oKpeHe npoTMB nojaBHor cBeTa m Ha Taj HannH npeBaantje cBOje BJiacTMTO OTytieH>e.7 8
MaHMnyjiau,Mja K o j y oBAe M/iaAM M a p K c n p e A y 3MMa c a AnjajieKTHKOM y CBaKOM CJiynajy MMa je A H y
BeoM a 6M TH y CM eM pen uw jy, Aa BpeAH ocH onpaKTM H Ky, o a h o c h o OBy m h o to aKo
y MapKCMCTMHKOM Ty M a n e H > y n o B e c H O A p y u jT B e H o r n p o u e c a m H apo H M To eK O H O M C H or pa3BM Ta nao A p a M e caM OOCTBapM BaH>a H O Bena n y T e M H >ero B or c a M O OTyf)eH>a o b o n o c T a je cacBMM o h m to . C jim h h o nao m y HanejiHOM A H C Ta H H n p a H > y o a Xerejia, nojMM c m o c e Beti 6aBmin, m OBAe M apnc npe'HOCM ahja/ieKTMHKM pMTBM cnaca M3 o 6 /iacTMM cneKyjiaTMBH o r y o 6 /ia cT A P y u jT B e H e n p a K c e m CTaBJba ra y c ji y m 6 y H>eroBMx b ji3 c tm tm x M 0 p a jiH 0- n 0 jiMTMHKMX 0 A p e A 6 n HMJba. ripM t o m , o c h o b h m M O A e Ji, n o KOMe je Xereji n o B e c T c x b 3 tm o n a o Te o4> aH M jy, na o caM 0 0 Cn 0 JbeH>e A y x a y bp e m h m to c tm m nao BpatiaH>e o c n o jb e H > a y a n c o jiy TH v i c y 6 je K T -o 6 je K , o c T a je n 0 T n y H 0 HenpoMeH>eH. A jim a o k k o a Xerejia ocnoJbeH>e jiem M y 0 KOHHaBaH>y m ca 3 p e e a H > y 6omjer
H a n e jia y a o npeAMeTHo n o B e c H o r C B e Ta , o h o ce 3,a MapKca c a c To jM y TO M e A a paAHM HOBeK A O c n e B a 3aBM CHOCT O A y 3aBM CHO CT, paA CBojM x K oja b ji 8 Ctm tm x n p 0 M 3 B 0 A a p a ^ a y KanM TajiM 3M y n p oA yK T, ce
noaetiaBa
npor ip o -
BJiacTMTe
H>eroB
npoM 3B0An,
H>era
je A H a pa^a pa^a
nao jeAHO
oa je paA,
Ty t)e
je
6nhe
(fre m d e
W e s e n ),
np o M 3 B o tia H a nojM
He3aBM CH a cj>MKCMpaH y
np eA M eTy, Obo o c t-
H>eroBo
o n p e A M e tie H > e . ce y
BapeH>e
pa^a
n o ja a jb y je
H auM O H aji-eK O HO M C-
ynoTpe6M M
3 J io y n o T p e 6 / b a B a H y m M OTM Ba-
e r 3 M C T e H H M j a j iH y
npeTnocTaBKy
HanMe,
npejia3aK
ca
kom c Ta n > y Hao nocTBapeH>e paAHnna, H>e K ao ry6wTaH m poncTBO, n p M C B a j a H > e H>e, Hao ocno/beH>e. . . y 0 A p e tie H > y A a o a h o c m n p e M a np0M3B0Ay csora paAa
T y tie M M nan, npeA w eTy, c T a jiH o Jie m e CBe o e e n o ja n a B a ib e npM BpeAe, O TytieH >a y
k o h c e k b e H U ,M je . 81 n p o u ,e c y ocM poM a-
KOHi4e H T p M iu y tie
Mapnca noHOBO H a BHAejio H36nja H a^a y 3eMajbCKO ocTBapehbe tfu,apcrBa 6 o m je r Hoja c e vts ecxaTO jiornje ,,ujBancHMx 0Tau,a y jim ia y MMWJbeH>e MJiaAor Xerejia: , , L U t o je 6 m j io yHyTpauJH>a CBeTJi0CT t o n o CTaje njiaM en nojn cam n iK e m KojM ce on p e tie na
o n o jb a u jH .e M y . je OAaBAe M 3 J ia 3 M K O H c e K B e H L iM j a y m c tm M ax Aa m
meH>e m 0 H eH 0 BeneH>e CTa/iHO pacTytie n p o jie T e p cne Mace, MCTOBpeMeHO, ca AnjajieKTMHKOM HymHOuitiy, boah Ka yKMAaH>y caM O O TytieH >a y kom^hmctmhkom ApyiuTBy 6yAytlHOCTM8 2 H OBAe je cacBMM OHMrjieAHo Aa je xp M iu tiaH C K o -m o c TM H K a naBaH>e onpeT
ro B e
Te o p M ja
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[98]
kom M(mu,/feeHy Kao n p e m a H TH y m KapaKTepncTMMHy <})opMy 0Tyfjehba. O h joj n p nroB a pa ,,Aa <J)m;io3o4>ckw A y x HMje HmiJTa A p y ro H ero yH yTa p 0 B 0 r caM OOTyhert.a M m u / b e H M T j. an cTpaK TH n c e 6 e cxBaTajytiM O TytieHn flyx c B e T a . Anco/iyTHM A yx Xere/ioB 3a H>era je ancTpaKTHM A y x .85 ,,A n c Tp a K u n ja c e 3a M a p n c a c a c To jn y TOMe u u t o Xere/i n y n y c a M O C B e c T y 3 H M a y M e c T O u,e/ior, noHKpeTH or HOBena m Ha MncTncj3MKyjytiM h34mh nocTaB/ba o n peA M ehe^e no H jer 0 B0 M Mnui/beHjy H enpeAM e T H O r /byflCHOr 6nfia y n p o u e c y c a M O C B e c Ha M ecTO HMH>eHMHHor caM ooTyt)eH .a C TB a pH o r HOBena y K a n n T a / iM C T M H K O M np0H3B0AH0M npou,ecy, Kojn ce He Mome yKWHyTM nyTeM ,,anco/iyTH or 3HaH>a , Hero caM o re a lite r nyTeM oounja/incTMHHe peBO Jiyunje. [lo M a p K c y , np eTno cTaB K a jeA H e H enpeA M eTH e c y ujTMHe m H>eHor onpeAMetieH>a HMje H m u Ta A p y ro Hero M3pa3 c TB a p H o r 0Tyt)eH>a /byACKor 6ntia Koje c e or/ieAa y 3HaH>y m M M U i/ b e H > y .86 H e n p e A M e TH O 6ntie je c T e H e 6 n h e (Unvvesen) . . . HecTBapHO, 6 e c Mnc/ieHo, caMO Mnui/beHO, t J . caM o 3aMMur/beHO 6mtie, 6ntie a n c Tp a K U n je .87
Ha HaHMH je A H e BaH>a paAM n p e tie k o 6 om ym eM ja . To n Cm je A a H 3 a M a p n c a B e o M a K a p a K T e p n c TH H a H OBa nO/ieMMKa npO TM B M M CTHH K O-m O CTM H KH X HenpeA M eTHo koa A p y rn x n paB o ja " npnnpeM a, tm x c CTpa H e , K ao o n KpM TMHKy T e 3 y p,a c e K 0 M n e H 3 a u n ja M a CTpaHe, ce OHa je A n o r naH koa 3a Bepooa-
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A/im nouiTO MapKCMCTMHKa AMja/ieKTMiKa npn CBeM t o m no/iame npaBo Ha t o Aa n p e A C T a B / b a HayHHo ca3HaH>e, ona ce ca^a y cbom OAHOcy npeM a 0 B0 Me ca3HaTOMe Mopa 0 AB0jeH0 n a p a K T e p n c a TH . flMja/ieKTMHKH MOAe/lM M H U J /b e H >a K 3 K 0 C 8M OBAe m Ha APyroM MecTy90 noKymao Aa noKameM p a 3 y M / b M B M c y caMO y o K B M p y oHor npoueca paUHOHa/iiM3anMje m p a 3 / ia r a H > a m m t c k m x c|>o p m m MHTepnpeTauMje CBeTa m caMOMHTepnpeTauMje, noje ce, npe CBera, n3B0Ae m MaiHM4>ecryjy y 4>n/io3o4Hi!jvi (Kao uiTO ce yoniuTe TpaAHUHOHa/iHa 4>M/io3o4>Mja y BMuie nor/ieAa Mome 03HaHMTM Kao ripe/ia3Ha nojaBa M 3 M e tiy M M T a m H a y K e ). MMTCKa 3HaHeH>a KOCMOca m MHAMBMAye no npaBM/iy npymajy u,e/iOKynHy opMjeHTaijyMjy y 0BeTy, Koja o6 yxBaTa TBpAH>e o oahocmm3 HM H>eHM U,a, HapoHMTo Ae/ioBaH>a m h>mxobmx TaK03BaHMx noc/ieAMua, OAroBapajytivwix HannHa Ae/ioBaH>a m hopmm Kao m o6pa3ana 3 a eMOunoHa/ino noHaujaH.e. TaMo r^e ce caAa AOKynyje 06 /iacT HMneHMHKor nyTeM HayKe Tj. onncyje y ue/i0 KynH0 CTM MCKa3a Kojn ce Mory kpmbotbophtm OAHOCHe MMTCKe npeTnocTaBKe noKa3yjy ce Kao norpeujHe, oahocho HeAO'BO/bHe, m Mopajy 0AycT3TM oa cBor 3axTeBa 3a MCTMHOM. Mnan, OApet)eHe 3aocTa/ie npeACTaBe m je3MHKM o 6 MHajM 3aApmaBajy ce jom AOCTa Ayro. Ako HayHHO yTBptjeHe, BpeAH0CH0 HeyTpa/iHe nenpoMeH/bMBOCTM npMpoAHnx Aorat)aH>a 03HanaBaM0 nao npnpoAHe 3aK0He , oHAa je OBaj fagon de parler noc/ieAHM ocTaTaK MHTepnpeTau,vije yHHBep3yMa nao jeA'Hor ,henpekpuiMbmm 33hohckwm HopMaMa ypet)eHor AP^aBHor 6 ntia. ripnpoAHO Aa obo o6 e/iemje He MeH>a HMuiTa 'hhtm Ha aotmhhhm HenpoMeH/wMboctmma hmtm MuiTa npMAOAaje HauieM 3HaH>y. Oho je jeAHa hmct3 je 3 MHKa HaBnna, oahocho KOHBeHUMja m 0TyAa ce He Mome 4>ajiOMc}>MH0B3TM HMH>eHHU,aM3. MCTO Ce T3K0 Majio MOry 4>a/lCMCj>MKOBaTM ynyTH 3a BpeAHOOHO-npaKTHHHM CTaB, Hnp. yneH>a 0 npMpoAHOM npaBy m /im ecTeTMHKO-KOHTeMn/iaTMBHa npeo6 pameH>a KocMOca, Koja hmHe jeA'Hy APyry necTy rpyny ocTaTana MMTCKor TyManeH>a CBeTa. JlorMHHa aHa/iM3a m mctopmJcko mcTpamMBaH>e TeopMja npMpoAHor npaBa cBaKano noKa3yjy A a OHe n p e A C T a B / b a j y nyne npa3He c^oP^V' /ie, KOje ce Mory McnyHMTM Ma KojMM M0 pa/iH0-n 0/imtmhkmm caAP^ajeM m 3aMCTa cy m 6 M/ie McnyhbaBane.
[99]
Tano ce t 3 mo rfle HMje Morytie cj>a/icMcj)MKOBaH>e n HapOHMTO rfle, o c h m Tora, y nrpn yMecTByjy jaKM BpeAHOCHO-M'AeO/lOLLIHM MOTHBM M /lM jaHO HBpCTM nO/lMTMMKM WHTepeon, Mory o A P ^a Tn ocrann m h t c k h x npeflCTaBa, necTO ca HeBepoBaTHOM mn/iaBOwtiy. ripn t o m mm y npaHCM y nopncT Mfle ynpaBo OHa oco6MHa, Koja ca h ayMHo t eopnjcKor CTaiHOBHUJTa mhhh HjMxoBy Ofl/iyHyjytiy c/ia6ocT, HanMe H.nxoBa npa3HMHa. floujTO c y npasHn, ohm cy Heno6nTHM, Tj. noiuTO ohm He ncna3yjy HMLUTa o CTart>MMa cTBapn Koja 6 m ce Mor/ia npoBepaBaTM, oh h ce nyTeM HjMX Tanotie ne Mory hm oc/ia6nTM. noiiiTO o h h TaKotje He noceflyjy HHKanaB B/iacTMTM BpeflHOCHn caAPmaj, Mory ce cjeftMHHTM ca Ma nojoM b pe a h o o h o m no3MMMjoM m Mory TMMe npo6yAMTii y caK oniuTeBawetinx n BenHMX BpeAHOCHnx npnnunna. flpa3He c|)opMy/ie Te BpcTe necTo c/iefle n3 c|dhfl030|>CH0r paHM0Ha/lH30BaHja C04 H0M0 pcj>HMX n texHoMopcj)hmx cxBaTaH.a cBeTa m HOBena, a/in n M3 cxBaTa,H.a mmtchmx npeflCTaBa fiaAa n y3AH3an.a flyiue m/ih Eora Hojn M3 ce6e ncnocTaB/ba c b c t n noHOBo ce c hjhm yjeflMH>yje n n3Mnpyje. Obo noc/iemH>e hmihm HajBamHvijn W3BOp xere/iOBCKO-MapHcncTMHKe AHja/ieKTHKe. Cafla AMja/ieTMKa KaKO je Beti Bniue nyTa nonasaHo m peHHMK KojM ce oahocm Ha H.y Mory 6htm ynoTpe6/beHM 3a o<nMCBaH>e npaKTMHHO Ma nor Aora^aja m /im OAHOca y npMpoflM m ApyujTBy; OTyfla je, TaKotie, y CB3KO Ao6a Morytie npeACTaBMTM tok no/iMTMHKe m vi AyxoBHe noBecTM, yK0/iMK0 je oh Beti no3HaT, Kao Anja/ieKTMHKy ApaMy. HaAa/be ce Tpocl>a3HMM flHja/ieKTMHKMM pMTMOM npBo6MTHor CTaH.a, nAa M oc/io6atiahba Mome CTa/iHo MaHMny/iMcaTM Ha Taj HaHMH Aa ce CBaKo cTaH>e Hoje ce He AonaAa, nojaBM Hao HeraTMBHa Met}y<J>a3a, a CBano n0B0/bho m /im name/bHO, nojaBM nao nosMTMBHM noc/ieAHM cTynan.; npM tom A'Mja/ieHTMKa, HacynpoT npMpoAHonpaBHMM npa3HMM cj>opMaMa, MMa Ty npeAHOCT Aa wert.eHO CTan.e He nocTaB/ba nao nyHM eTMHHM 3axTeB Koj'M ce Mome MonyHMTM m /im He, Hero mctoBpeMeno Kao HeM3ApwMBy m Kao HymHy inoc/ieAnuy noBecHOapyllitbeHor npoueca. Ha OBy noc/ieAH>y oko/ihoct je MapKC ca to/imho npe3Mpa yna3MBao npnpOAHOTipaBHMM M eTMHKMM COUMja/lMCTMMa C KOjrnvia ce o h cnpAao nao c ,,yTonMCTMMa .ni
A/im vko/imko c e AMja/ienTMiKa He orpaMMHaaa Ha Aa H.eHMM peHHMHOM onMiue oh o ujTo c e Beti AoroA'M/io m, na ApyroM MecTy, ca3Ha/io, Hero
to
Bor 6yAytier ocTBapeH>a, luto oh noTnyHO cTpacHO npMwe/bKyje. 3aTO HMje nyAHO uito ce AMja/ieKTMHna npoponaHCTBa no npaBM/iy He ocTBapyjy. CBaKaKO Aa ce HopMUjtieH>eM HeoApetieHOCTM m MorytiHocTM MaHMnyjiMcaH>a Anja/ieKTMKOM HaHHaAHo Mome amja/ieKTMHKM o 6jacHMTM 'Heycnex npeACHa3aH>a.9 2 A/ im ho ce MTepecyje 3a ynoTpe6/bMBa npeACKasahba, a He 3a HaKHaAHa M3BMH>eH>a, CMaTpatie TaKBy no ja ey y3a/iyAHOM, nan norpeui'HOM, a ko ce oc/ia na Ha AMja/ieHTMKy ao MHCTpyMeiHT npeACKa3aiH>a Mopa aowmBeTM ropna pa'30HapeH.a. T a n o je m n o B e c T K p e T a H .a , n o ja c y opMjeHTMc a n a na K p a jy , n y H a n o T p e c a jy tiM X np M M e p a 3 a t o A a c e e c x a T 0 /i0 LUKa n p o p M u a n .a H M cy M cnyHM/ia: y n a c y HajBM Uje H y w A e He c/ieAM HMKaKaB o c/io 6 a tiajy1iM npeoHpeT , m c y A 6 MHa obm x /byAM HeMM/ioc p A H O c e M3BpiuMJia. O b o c e y HeKMM 3 eM /baM a n a o y LLInaHMjM m A e c n / io M apKCM 3 M y. Ajim m c to Ta K o Mome A a c e A ecM A a c e pa3BMje CMTyai4Mja y Kojoj je npMTMcan Ha y r p o m e H e rpyne nonycTMO, T e A a c y O H e c r o r a 3a6opaBM /ie c B o j y n o T p e 6 y 3a yneH>MMa o oc/ia6afjaH>y. T a n o je M a p K 0 M3 aM npoiu a o , n p e c a e r a , y 3 a n a A H o e B p o n c K M M 3 eM /baM a r ^ e je M H AyCTpM jCK O paAHM UJTBO B pe M eH O M 3aA06M/10 3H 3 T3 H y A e O y nO/lMTMHKOj MOtiM M npM BpeAH O M 6 /ia,rocTaH>y. Y CH /iaAy c tm m , couMja/iMCTMHKM p a A hmhkm no K p e TM 3 a n a A a /lano c y c e AMCTaHUMpa/iM o a AM ja/ieKTM HKOr n p o p o iu T B a . A t b m o r ^ e je M a p KCMCTMHKa peBO/iyu,Mja M 3BojeBa/ia C B o jy BejiM Hy n o 6 e A y , o n a HMje 03HaHM/ia oneKM BaHM A nja/ieK TM H km c k o k y 6 e c K /ia c H o A P y w T B o 6 e 3 n y m A e m yrn > e TaBaH>a. LLlTaBM Uje, y 3 H a n y A'Mja/ieKTM HKor M aTepM ja/iM3Ma n a c Ta / ia je h o b b cj>opMa B/iacTM n o ja n o pM r0 p 0 3 H 0 C TM H a A M a m y Je cj>eyAa/iHO-anco/iyTMCTMHKM cM OTeM m HMja c e H B p c T a p y n a o a m 3 x oceTM/ia m y M Aeo/ioujK oj o 6 jia c T M .93 C p e A C T B M M a je A H e eM nM pM jCK 0 -pau,M 0 H a jiH e c o n M O J io m je O Baj p a 3 B o j c e n o n a 3 y je H ajM aLbe n a o B e p o B a T a H ,94 a 3a n p a B O B e p H e M apK C M CTe p e B O /iyu M O H ap H e r e H e p a u M je o h je , M nan, 3H3HM 0 je A H O H e n y B e H o M 3HeHafjeH>e m Tp a m H H O p a s o H a p e n e ,95 3 6 o r n e r a c y c e ohm n e c T O M 3H yTpa /iomm/im m n p e Hero u jt o mx je HO Ba o/iM rapxM ja, H oja c e M3 rpaAM /ia y napTM jM m a p h o b m , cj>M3MHKM /lMKBMAMpa/ia. y TO K y CBOr M HCTM TyUM 0Ha/lM 30BaH>a9R M3 B 0 pH a peBO/iyu,M OHapHa npocj>ecM ja MapKCM3 Ma y p a c T y t io j MepM c e np M /ia ro h a B a o n p a B A a BajytiM M n o T p e 6 aM a H O B e H /iace M TM M e MAe n y T e M KOjMM c y MHora Mcno/baBaH>a pe/iM rM jcK o r A y x a Beti n p o u u ia n p e H>e: n y T e M o a e c x a T 0 /i0 m j e a o c x o zia cTM K e .97
r ip e B e o A y u ia H ca HeM anHor M M / ie y c H M t i
M apnca Aa npaBM MCTopMjCKa npeAcKasana, OHAa A0/ia3M ao M3pa3a HMHeHMua Aa OBa To6ow e HayHHa MeTOAa boam nopen/io M3 m o CTMHK0-ecxaT0/i0UJH0r MMLUJbeH>a, jeAHor w is h fu l
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[100]
Hanon/ieHe
1. T. D . W eldon, Th e Vocabulary of Politics, Londoin 1953, 126. 2. y s obo yn. M . Schieleir, Prohlem e einer Soziologie des W isse ns, y: V ersuche zu einer Soziologie des W isse n sf Munchien 1924, c. 77; Aa-fbe H. Plessimer, Z w isch e n Philosophie und G esellschaft, Bern, 1953, c. 30f; hctm, Die verspatete Nation, Stuittgart 1959; a o n H. Marcuise, Reason and Revolution, Loindian 1955, c. 14ff. O 3aBHchoctm HeMaMKe c|)M^030ct)nje oa eBaHre/incTHHKe Teojiornje yn. m HnMeoea pa3MaTpan>a Koja je CKynno G . G . G rau, C h ristlich e r G laube und intellektuele Redlichkeit, Frankifiunt a. M ., 1958. c. 35ff. 3. TaKBe HaneTOCTn nocTOjajie cy wnp. M3Metiy X ere/ia n HeManKe pecTaypau,nje, yn. J. Ritter, Hegel und die franzosische R evolution, Koln-Opladen 1957. 4. rioHeKaA ce OA6njatt.e o b h x yTnu,aja ynpaBO oceha Kao cacBMM HauMOHajiHa CTBap; Ha npnMep KaAa Th. Haeriing y 36opnnKy: Das Deutsche in der deutschen Philosophie, Situttgant Berllln 1941, OHe H o m i4e Kojn cy cjiynajHO a o u j /ivi ,,noA 3anaAHH CTpaHn yTnuaj npeKopeBa 3a HeBepcTBo npeMa o h o m HajcBeTnjeM n Ka^a nx 0KpnBA>yje Aa ce xpaHe ,,ko m h h o m , yMecTo 6oraTCTBOM B/iacTHTor nopOAHHHOr Ao6pa (c. 423). 3acTynHnu,n t 3k b h x cxBaTan>a y CBanoM c/iyMajy Hwcy CBeoHH Aa ce y noM eA y OBor nopoAHMHor Ao6pa He pa^n o npaBOM HeManKOM CTBapa^aiiiTBy, Hero y cyLUTMHH o npoAywaBaHjy nacHoaHTHHKO-opnjeHTajincTHMKMX TeojioujKMx cneKyjiaunja. 5. H ojimko je M^ahn M apnc 6no noA yTMuajeM poMaHTM3Ma noKa3yjy m tt,eroBe jinpcKe necMe, wnp. ftMB/be necMe Koje cy ce nojaBHJie 1841. y 6epjihm ckom Athenaum -u a npeujTaMnaiHe y M E G A 1/1, c. 147 8; y n . n yBOA y OBaj t o m , c . X X X V I n Aajbe. B m/io 6 m MHTepecaHTHo M'cnMTaTM o a h o c M3Met)y ,,HeoMapKCH3Ma M 3 nepnoAa nocjie npBor cBeTCKor paTa m MCTOBpeMeHor rpatjaHCKor HOBopoMaHTH3 M3. riouJTO H&MaM na pacnoJiaraH>y noTnyHM npnMepan M E G A m nourro ce o b o M3Aaite MHane He Mome /lano Ha6aeMTM, y OHOMe u jto c/ieAH u n p a tiy BetinHOM 6ojbe npncTynaHHa n3AaH>a. 6. A - MnweBCKH, Hegel bei den Slaven, Beichenheng 1934, c. 384, 6eji. 20: ri03HaT0 je Aa je neMaMKa MHCTHKa, npe c b m x M ajcTep EKxapT n BeMe (a ommto n ETHHrep), y T n u , a j ia na Xere;ia. C Apyre CTpaHe, BeoMa je b3who hm8tm Ha yMy Aa je A p e onainnTH'Ka, oija je koa heMaiHKi/ix M ncTna 6M/ia
BeoMa tjM B a / ia oM H Jb eH a, n pycKy BeKOBM M a p e j in r n ij c K y y B e j in K o j Mepn OApe-
cjiMMHocT M3Met)y 4>n;io3oc}3a HeMaHKor MAeajiM3Ma m AaHaujrt.nx pycKMX MMC/iM/iaua. flo K. Richstaitteru S. J., ,,Der Vater der christlliichein Mystiik' und sein verhangniisvoller Eiinfluutas", y: Stimmen der Zeit 58 (1928), c. 214 Beh je cjiOBeHOKH anoctoji Hnpmio HanaMeT 3Hao cnnce nce^AO-flnoHMcnja ApeonarMTe, a 1371. ohm cy npeBeAeHM Ha CJlOBeHCKM. M npOKJlO, HMjM cy O chobm TeojiorMje 6 mjivi npeeeAeHM na rpy3vijcKM Beh y ABaiHaecTOM BeKy, 6e3 cyMH>e je Ha HcroKy CHawHO HaHaAH0 yTML;ao, yn. E.R. Dodds, Proclus. Th e Elem ents of Theology, Oxfiord 1933, c. XXIX. OAHOca CKMi^Mpa J. Taubes, HacynpoT TOMe, ca 0npe30M Tpe6a norjieASTM KH>Mry E. Voegel'iina, W issenschaft, Politik und G nosis, Miinche,n 1959, nao m HaeroBo CTapMje Ae/io: Th e New S cience of Politics, Chicago 1952. Ayrop je Ty ckji'Oh Aa CBa yHyTapcBeTCKa yHeH>a o cnacy m peBOJiyuMOHapHe MAeojiorMje 03HaHM nao rHOCTMHKe,
o bm x
7.
H3BecT3H 6poj
y c / ie A
n e ra
oh
nojaM
rH 0 3 M c a
3 J io y n o T p e 6 jb a B a , o a -
hocho Mcnpawhbyje ra. 8 S. Freud, Das Unbehagen in der Kultur, Wien 1930, c. 25f; c. 28. 9. BjiMme o TOMe: Seelenglaube und Selbsitiinterpretation y: E. Totpirtsch, Sozialphilosophie zwischen Ideologie und W issenschaft, Nuwlied Berliin, 1966, c. 171 f ; yn. AaJbe: mctm Die platiomisch-ariisitotel'iischen Seelenlehren in weltanschau'ungskniitiischer Beleiuchtung, Sitzungsber. d. O estrr. Akad. d. W iss., Phiill. hist. Kl. 233/4 (1959). Ty ce Mome HahM uiMpa /iMTepaTypa. 10. F. M. Com ford, Principium Sapientiae. A Study of the Ohig'ins og Greek Phiilosophioal Thought, Cambridge 1952, c. 62ff. E. R. Dodds, Th e G reeks and the Irrational, Califonn'iia UP, c. 135ff 207f. 11. J. Groissant, Aristote et les mysteres, L'iege (Raris 1932, c. 22ff. 12. E. R. Dodids, op. cit. c. 227. 13. F. M. Oomford, op. c it.T c. 118. H. D'iels, Parm enides Lehrgedicht, BeHiiln 1897, c. 21; mctm , Hiiimmels uind Hollieinfahrten von Homer bis Dante , y: Neue Jah rb iich er XXV (1922), c. 243. 14. Frg. B 8 (Dieils). 15. flo6ap nperjieA obmx npeAMKaTa Aaje Hnp. H. Merki, H O M O IO S IS T H E O I. Von der pilatonischen Angleichung an Goitt zur Gottahnliichkeiit bei Gregor von Nyssa, Freiiburg Schweiz, 1952.
p e c a H T H n je
opnjeHTajiHM npKBeHn o u ,m , Hojiki cy H n p . r o T c j 3 p M A y ApHOJiAy E m H rep v n BaaAepy, nnaK, 6m jim Ao6po 3 H a H M a KO JH cy, c A p y r e C T p a n e , yTMuajiM H a m m u j -
/beH>e
pycKM X
p e / iM rM | jC K H x
cjD M /iosocjja,
o A p e A M J in
[101]
16. M yftHO je s s im u m n
Aa
n p e flC T a B a M a HaeMy
je ^ H o r
ens
je ftH e
c p O flH e
m c/iMHne
25. G . Kafka H. Eitbl_ D e r Ausklang der antiken Philosophie, Miirochen 1928, c. 220. 26. C soje AOHeK/ie AorMaTCKO cbopMy/iMcaH>e OBa cxeM a (yn. m H. M erki, op. cit., . 105ff., 111) ao6Mja y ITpoK/iOBMM OcHOBaMa Teo/iorMje (naparpa4>m 25 39). 0 TepMMHy epistrofe yn. E. R. Dodds, op. cit. 6e/i. 6, c. 218: ,,W e may fai,nly concclude that the Neoiplatonic corocept of reversiion has iiits roots liln M iddle Platoroisim, aind penhaps iin Poseidlomliius: iit ti/ s at oroce an iintempneitaitiiion of Plato and a philiosophiical counterpairt to the Helleniisitic neiliiigiiious teachiirig about the .H im m d fa h rt {CacBMM MomeMo 3aK/byHMTM Aa heon/ibtohmhkm nojaM OKpeTa MMa cBoje KopeHe y cpeAH>eM n/iaTOHM3My, m MOH<Aa koa riocejAO'HMja: y mcto &peMe OH je MHTepnpeTaujMja FI/iaTOHa m 4>M/i030cJ>cKa konMja xe/ieHMCT'MHKor peMnMjcKor yneH>a o He6ecKOM nyTOBaH.y ). 27. F. M . M . Sagimaird La gnose valentinienne et le tem oignage de Saint Irnee, Partis 1947, c. 242. 28. J. Ta u b e , op. cit., c. 15ff. K. Schubert, Die R eligion des nachbiblischen Judentum s, Wiien Freiiburg 1955, c. 34ff; noc. 45ff. 29. y n . E. Toipiltsch, U e b e r Leefrfotnmeln , y Problem e der W issenschaftstheorie, hrsig. v. E. Topitsch, Wiiien 1960. c. 233ff. T y ce Mome nahM m uim. pa /iMTepaTypa. 30. J. Taiubes, op. cit., c. 74 H. Jones. G nosis und spatantiker G eist, Bd. I. GoCtingen 1954, c. 260. W Vole<kir D er whare G nostiker nach Clem ens Alexandrinus, Berliiin 1952. 31. O riceyAO-AMCHMCMjy yn. caAa npouiMpena m cTpawMBaH>a: R. Roques, L U nivers dionysien. Stnucture hirarchique du m onde selon le Pseud'0-D enys, Paris 1954, m W . Volkeir, K ontem plation und Ekstase bei Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita, W iesbadent 1958. y Areoipagitica" je Hap0HMT0 jacHO KaKO ce y Teo/ioujKoj oneKy/iamMjM yKpujTajy c jeAHe C T p a He eKCTaTMHKOjKaTap3MHKM m m m c tm h k m a c APyre C0HM0M0p4jH0-ijypMCTMHHM MOTMBM, yn. R. Roqeiuis, op. cit., c. 86 : Lordre dionysien . . . est a la fois statique"et dynam ique, sociologique et spirituel, juridique et m ystiq ue." (flMOHMCMjcKM p e A . . . je y iMCTO BpeMe C T a T M H a H M A H H a M M H a 'H , C'OUMO/1 OlilK M M
A y X 0 B 3 H , jy p M C TM H K M M M M C T M H a H " ).
ochobm ^ e m e mctm npeflM HaTM B p e A H o c T n n h octm n a o m n p e flC T a B a M a p a ja , HaMMe oa npM TC K a p e a /iM Te Ta , ho}m n p e flC T a B a , N ia itivilsm u s, un o 241: TM M e yn. W.
oc/io6of)eHocT
E. M u h lm a n n , y
caMMH>aBa
nociaBKy
HMKy: g a rt lu tb o
tm x
C h i li a s m u s , 19 59, c .
S o z io lo g ie n p e flC T a B a o fl
m o d e rn e 3eM ajbC K O M
G e s e l ls c h a f t , cy
,,y 3 w p M a H O
ciM poM a-
n p M w e / b K y jy :
6o/iecTM m
o 6 M/by B p e flH o c TM
6 o/ia,
ynpaB O no TM py
jecT:
caMe
ca M O
npM
HMcy caMonpoTMBpeHHe,
je BpeAHOCHM ctm K o jy
Koj np eflC Ta B M
hokm
xohe
Feistugiere, L a r e v e la t io n d H e r m e s III: Les dioatriines de laime, Pariis 1953. W. Theiler, Gott lund Seele im lcaiserzeitlichen Deniken", y 3 6 o p H M K y: R e c h e r c h e s s u r la tra d itio n p la o n ic ie n n e Genevia 1955. III, c. 65ff.
T r is m e g is t e , to m
17. A. J.
18. H. MeHkii,
19.
o p c it .,
c. 63.
IV :
Le
H.
G n o s is ,
Ju d e n c h ris te n tu m ,
a li-
ce n o H a B /b a jy y moS. Huitiiin, L e s g n o s t i q e s ,
22. J. Taubes
o p . c it .,
c. 26. Selbstiintenpneftaifiiion c.
23. yn. Selenglaube und 187 (bmam 6e/ieuiKy 9). 24. H. Ch. Puech, Mamchaismus , y 188. H y rH 0 3 M c y
M0OCflo 6 oheH>e je
32. R. Roques, op. cit., c. 72ff. 33. W . W olker, op. cit., c. 148f., yn.
m c.
npoM3/ia3M
Ha m c tm h c k o
ilHHMTO
ce
136f.
OA
CBMX
nCM XOMeHT3/IHMX A 3 TO C TM .
34. De divis. nat. V 3f., HaB. npeMa H. Denkform en, Berliin 1951, c. 176.
Leiisegarog,
[102]
s re ic h e
35. G. Rabuse, D e r k o s m is c h e A u fb a u d e r J e n s e itD a n te s , Gnaz-Koln 1958, c. 21ff., 68f. M. Schedler, D ie P h ilo so p h ie d e s M a c ro b iu s und
i+>e rH03nca m H0Bon/iaT0HM3Ma y HeMaHKOM Mflea/iM3My yn. H. Eiibl, Vom Sinn der Geganvvart, Wien 1933, c. 25ff; Kao m jouj m Aanac BawaH paA F. A.
Staudenmaiiiera: Die Philosophie des Christentum s,
ih r E in flu s s a u f d ie W is s e n s c h a f t d e s c h ris tlic h e n M itte la lte rs , Miinster 1916. A a H T e je bmcoho u,eHMO H3 r ip 0 K^ 0 Bnx KhbnraKOMnn^inpaHy L ib e r de C a u s is , yn. C . Sautter, Dante und der L ib e r de C a u s is , y: H is to ris c h -P o litis c h e B la tte r 147 (1911)
I,
Giiesisen 1840.
39. E. Beoz, Die christliche Kabbala. Eiin Stiefkind der Theoliogfe, Zurich 1958. 40. Yn. G. Schioilem, Die judische M ystik in ihren Hauptstrom ungen, Fnankfu'rt/M. 1957, c. 290, 296 306f. 41. Obo cxBTai-be cBeTa Hao npoueca caMOncno/baBahba Bora AOTMMe ce ca cxBaTahbMMa HOBon/iaTOHMnapa m ApeonarMTMKe, yn. R. Roques op. cit., c. 77. 42. E. Benz_ op. cit., c. 47.
36a. 3a noBecT obhx npeflcraoa yn. m H. Riichstatter S. J . o p . c it., 6e;i. 6. W . Volker, o p . c it., 31 c. 218ff n H Soderbeirg, La re lig io n d e s C a th a re s . Etude sur la gnosticisme de la basse aintJiquite et du moyen-age, Uppsalia 1949. 37. O H e n p e d a H O M Ae/ioBaH>y A re o p a g itic a e yn. H. Richstatiter, op . c it., 6eji. 6. W. Volker, o p . c it., 6e/i. 31. c. 218ff; 3a mcto y OAHOcy Ha ripoK/ia E. R. Doddis, o p . c it., 6e/i. c. XXVIff., Kao m R. Klibansky Ein Praklois-Funid und seiine Bed&utung , S itz u n g s b e r. d. H e id e lb e rg e r A k a d . d . W is s ., Ph,ii|. h'ist. K l ., Jahrg. 1928/29,5. Abhaindlu'ng.
37. D e d o cta ig n o ra n tia I 16 llp e K o M a jc T e p EKxapTa n H y3aHCKor nocpeAOBaH j e HeMaHKOM m m w/beH>y n jeflaH motmb Teo/iomKO-cbM-nosocbcKe c n e Ky/iai4nje K O jn npnna^a T p a f ln u , n j n A M j a / ie K T M K e . A k o ce 3 awcTa 03&MJbH0 6 aBHMo n e r a T m b h o m t&ojio rn jO M H0 B0 njiaT 0 iHM3 Ma m A p e o n a r m n K e , OHAa hjim ^ocneBaMO caMO y MncaoHe n eMOU,MOHajiHO H encKa 3 MBe npa3He o 6 pacu,e mjih ce n p o c To Hanpocto M0paM0 BpaTMTM y hyT,ahbe. A a 6 n yMaK/in oBoj KOHceKBeHun, Koja Mopa Aa 3HaM M Kpaj Teo/lOLUKe cneKy/iaunje, m h o t m c y m h c /i m o u ,h noKyuia/in Aa caM y ,,Herau,njy no cTaB e Kao aKT pa3yM a, ,,Kao npnBpeMeHO nocTaB/b,an>e, Koje ce ca CBoje CTpaHe o n e T Mopa noHnuiTMTn, Aa 6 n ce Hau/ao HeKM 06 paaau, 3a HevicKa3HBocT m HeMnc/iviBOCT Bora. HaAa M a jC Te p E nx a p T y cBOjnM ziaTHHCKHM cnn cnM a noHaB/ha n e g a tio n e g a tio n is Kao M3pa3 3a jeAHHCTbo, a cyujTM Hy B o r a cxB a Ta H a tb k o p a 3 / i n H m e HannHe, m Ka^a 3 a H y 3 aHCKor re m o tio n e g a tio n u m no cTaje jeAHO m btoackm b 9 w h o cpeACTBO hteroBor
c b n / io 3 o 4 ) M p a H > a , OHAa
43. G. Sohiollem, op. cit., c. 301. 44. G. Soholem, op. cit., c. 314 45. Mome ce 3ana3MTM Aa je c{j/iopeHTH'HCKM n/iaTOHM3aM m npe JlypMje 6m o 3anHTepecoBaH 3a Ha6a/iy a/iM m 3a ripoK/ia m ApeonarMTMKy. yn. E. Benz, op. cit., c. 10; R. Klibansky, op. cit., c. 21: flo
, c.
53.
m cto
, c . , c.
51. 41 f.
m cto
r ip O 'K / iO B O M
yM eH >y
JeA-
50. R. Schnaider, Schellings und H egels schvviibische G eistesahnen, Wurzburg 1938, c. 120. 51. 52. R. Schneider
m cto
HOM MOHieMO BMA6T11 CBOjCTBeHH AHja/ieKTMHKM M3Bop OBe MMc/in. R. Kilibans\ky oa nora (o p . c it., c. 12f) noTMMy OBe peneHnue, AOAaje y HanoMeHM:
,,03HaMaBart>e CMMC/ia, Kojn OBa MMcao, noja y cbom M3Bopy npnnaAa MMCTMMKoj cneKy/iau,njn, A o 6 nja y HOBOBeKOBHMM cnCTeMMMa, y CnMH03MH0M y>-ieH>y o c a 3 HaH>y n y Anja/ieKTMHKOM npou,ecy Xere/iOBe ziornKe, 3axTeBa jeAHO n o c e 6 HO ncnnTMBahbe. riou jto je OBa cjaopMa Anja/ieKTHKe 3a MapKCM33M oa nepncjjepHor 3Hanaja, OHa ce y 0 KBnpy Harne TeM e
c.123, yn. c.
133.
3a HaKHaAHo Ae/iOBa-
F.Ch. Oetiinger, lnquisitio in sensum com m uet rationem , Tubingen 1753, c. 56: ,,ltaque tiotum prirno percurre sime ordine, dum modo firtis i-n Iriiltiium consjiideiratiiomiis redeat; deim partes et chairactenes divensos observa; tertio ro M pnaeitermiitte, quoid relationem partiium ad tcvtum ordime qu'odam refert. Hunc triipliicem coniS'iderandi modum postmodum ad quamvis partem appl'ca; tandem humc pnocessum eousque contiiroua, domec exhaunem
[103]
aeris omnia qirae ad to'tum formandiim conoumrunt , HaB. npeMa R. Schneidier, op. cit., c. 71. 53. 3a oho ujto cneAM yn. E. Benz, Johanm Albrecht Bengel und die Pbilosophiie des deutschen IdealfemLrs", y: D eutsche Vierte lja rsch rift f. Literatur und G eistesgeschichte XXVII (1953), c. 528ff. G. Rohrmoseir, Zur Voirgesichliichite der Jugendschniiften Hegels", y: Zeitsch rift f. philosoph. Forschung XIV (1960), c. 182ff. 54. E. Benz,
hcto
64. y n . F. C h r. B a u r, Die christliche G noss oder die ch ristlich e Religionsphilosophie in ihrer geschichtlichen Entvvicklung, Ttib in g e n 1835, c. 668ff, no c. c. 675ff, 680f. O p ejm rujcH O j no3aflMHM XerejiO B e c n e K y /ia u ,n je Ta n o h e : F. A. Staiudenmaliieir, Darstellung und Kritik d e s Hegelschen System s, M a in z 1844, nao m W . R. O onti, Die M ythopoese des ,,werdenden G o tte s ", Ziinich 1953. 65. G . W . F. Hegel, Phanom enologie des G eistes, p a s s im . O 3HaMefby nojM a ocnojbeHae 3a cbeH0 M e H 0 Ji0 rM jy flyx a y n . G . Luikacs, op. cit., c. 611 f .
c. 553.
66. G . W . F. Hegel, Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophle der Religion, SHuittgant 1928^ c. 210.
67. G . W . F. Hegel, Philosophie der W eltgeschichte, Leipzig 1920, c. 24ff.
210-232. 56. J. Tauibeis, op. c i t , c. 35, nnan je n yMeite o 6owaHCKOM jiorocy m HjeroBMM MflejaMa CTBapaH>a npeTnocTaBKa XerejioBe jiornKe. 57. y u a j npOKJia n A peo n a rn TM K e Mopao 6m 6wtm joiii jane HarnaiueH H ero ujto je to cjiyqaj koa Tay6eca. 58. Obo Bawn 3a rpahaHCKe ayTOpe (H. Glockner, Th. Haejliing, R. Knoner) hoto Hao m 3a H. Markuzea (op. cit., 6eji. 2) n fb. /lyKaMa, D er junge Hegel und die Problem e der kapitalistischen G esellschaft, Berlin 1954, ajim m 3a TeMe;bHa KaTO/iMHHa
j
70. G . W . F. Hegel, op. cit., c. 148. 71. 3 a
XereJiOBy cbMJi030cbMjy paAa yn. H. Popiitz, D er entfrem dete M ensch, Basel 1953. c. 117ff m M . Friedrfch, Philosophie und O ekonom ie beim jungen M arx, Berliiin 1960, c. 124ff.
72. T . D. ^e ld o in , op. cit., c. 130. 73. y n . rope 6 e J i e m K y 29. 74. R. Haym , Hegel und seine Zeit, einlin 1857, c. 5.
cynporrcTaBJbaH>a Mapwcw3My, Hnp. G. A. Weititeir, Der dialektische M aterialism us, Wiien 1958, v\m J. Y. Calvez, La pensee de Karl M arx, Paris 1956. 59. R. Schneider, op. cit., c. 40f. 60. 3a motmb ,,OABajaH>a" m ,,n0H0BH0r cjeAMH>aBaHja" k o a M/iaflor Xerejia yn. P. Rossi, La dialefttiica hegeliiana , y 36opHMiKy Studi sulla dialettica, Tori-no 1958, c. 168ff. 61. 3a paaBMTaK Mnujjbe^a o u,apcTBy 6owjeM y HeManKOM AyxOBHOM H*MBOTy h obot Bena yn. E. Hinsch, Die R eich-Gottes-Begriffe des neueren europaischen Denkens, Gottingein 1921; J. Hoffmeister, Die Heim kher des G e istes, Hameln 1946, c. 218f. 62. XeJiAepjiwHOBO
nncM O
75. K. c . 13.
Matrx,
D ie
Friihschriften,
Stuttgart
1953,
CTynajiM ca XerejioM, 3a uiTa f\. HMweBCKM, op. cit., 6eji. 6, npywa 6pojHe n p M M e p e . T a n o cy, no y3opy Ha X e re jia , 6MJie HOHCTpyMcaHe 6pojH e 4)MJi030c}3Mje noBecTM, y nojMMa c y cjioBeHCKM ayTopn Ba3fla cboMe HapOAy m H>eroBoj pejiMTMjn npMnMCMBajiM npeAMcno3MUMjy 3a oBeHnaHM cBpmeiaK noBecTM, aoh je npoTecTaHTCKO repMaHCTBO, KOMe c y HeMaMKM
mmcjimoum npeABM hajin obo OKpyHjeH>e, npoTepaHO y HaABJiaAMBM npBM CTynaH>. Ta n o je Hnp. pyCKM cjiOBOHOcbMJiHM xerejiOBau JypMj CaMapMiH (1819 1876) no cM aTp ao KaTO/iMi4H3aM yHeHOJiMKO nao Te3y, npoTecraHTM3aM nao npoJiaaHiM MOMeHaT" o a h o ch o ,,Herai 4M jy", a o k je rpnK y opTOAOKCMjy Pyca npeACTaajbao nao pa3BMjeHo o6MJbe m uejiM'Hy xpMUJhaHCTBa ('M'CTO, C. 254 f). fpocb E. E. HOMapOBCKM
Xerejiy
oa
63. H. Nohl, H egels theologische Jugendschriften, Tiibingen 1907, c. 345ff; Th. Haenitnig, H egel. Sein Wollen und sein W e rk , Bd. I, Leipzig Berlin 1929, c. 536ff., noce6HO c. 562ff. yn. m P. Rossii, op, cit., 6eJi. 60, noc. c. 181
[104]
(1803 1875) n o fle /in o je p a 3 B m a H H O BeH aH CTB a Ha T p n e n o x e : Ha aH TM K y, Ha 3 a n a flH o e B p o n c K y umbmjim 3 a u n jy m ( 6 y f ly t i y ) e n o x y c/iOB 0 H C TB a c a P y c n jo M na He/iy, n p n 4 e M y o h c jim h h o Jo a H M M y cpjio pM Ckom m X e r e jio B o j 4>H-no3ocJ)MjM pejiM rM je oBa T p n CTynH>a n o B e 3 y je c a T p n M a 6 o w aH CK M M n e p c o n a M a (m c to , c . 287). A ji h n C jiO B a K / b y fle B M T LLhyp ( 1815 1856) A O f l e ^ y j e y C B O M e c n n c y ,,C / iO B e H C Tbo n c B e T 6 y A y h H O C T n " c jio b 6 hckmm H apO A H M a m H a p 0 H H T 0 C / iO B a u n M a b o I)C t b o y n o B e c TM n o ja a o Jia3M (H C T O , C. 379ff). riOlJUTO C/lOBeHM C/IHHHO n a o vi M a p H c o B M n p o jie T e p M T a A a jo m H n c y 6 n jim n p M cnejiM , HjM xob n0 BecH 04>M Ji0304)CKM x e re jiM jaHM 3 aM hocm je flH y ja c n o aKTHBM CTM HKy, Ha 6 y A y h h o c t y c M e p e iH y H O Ty m TM M e T e H A e H i 4 n jy A a X e r e jia 3 6 o r h b e ro B o r k O 'H Te M n jia TH B H o r n na n p o iu jio c T ii o k p e H y T o r C T a B a , f le r p a A n p a y n y n o r n p e T X 0 AHM Ka. TaKO je p y c K n M'MCJimiau, H. A K c a n o B (1817 1860) Xerejio>By 4>nji030(t>njy ueHimo c a M O n a o n p e T n o c jie A H>y M CTHH y, h3a K0 j 0M (c jim h h o Kao KOA MapKca) Tpe6a Aa CTOjn >kmbot Kao KOHKpeTHo yjeAMH>ehbe T e o p n je m n p a K c e (m c to , c . 256). Ha c jih h b h H an nH 3 a x T e B a o je nojbCKM x e re jiO B a u , A B r y c T H m lukob ckm ( 1814 1894) Aa ce X e r e jio B o j 4>mi0304Mjii, Koja o c T a je n p n n y K O j mmcjim, M o p a c y n p o T C T a B M TM JeflHa <|)m io3o4)vija hm hb ( h c t o , c.
naAOM 6M /ia ouiTeheHa y CBOjoj cnoco6HocTM ca3HaBahba m c tm h cnaceH.a, oahocho Aa je M 3ry6n/ia OBy cn0C06H0CT. 81. M EG A 4/3, c. 83. 82. Mapnc je, y jeAHOM mhoto KacHMjeM nepMOAy, oa Anja/ieKTMHKor npeoKpeTa Herai^Mje y HerauMjy HerauMje oneKMBao yKMAan>a KariMTa/iMCTMHKor npnBaTHor B/iacHMUiTBa: Das Kapital, Wfen Berliiin 1932, c. 803: KanMTa/mcTMHKM HaHMH npMCBajahba HOJM npOM3/ia3M M 3 KanMTa/lMCTMHKOr HaHM'Ha npo-
M3BOflH>e, OTyAa KanMTa/iMCTMHKor npMBaTHor B/iacHHujTBa. jecTe npBa Hera^Mja MHAMBMAya/iHor, H,a BJiactmtom paAy 3acH0BaH0r npMBaTHor B/iacHMuiTBa. Ajim kanmrajimctmhka np0 M 3B0AHaa ca HywHoujtiy npMpoAHor npo^eca CTBapa BjiacTMTy HeranMjy. To je Hera^Mja HerauMje. Ona He ycnocTaBJba noHOBO npMB3THO BJiaCHMUITBO, Beh MHAMBMAyajlHO BJiaCHMuitbo a 0CH0 By TeKOBMHe KanMTajiMCTMHKe epe. 83. yn. J. Tauibes, op. cit., c. 161f. 84. K. Mairx, op. cit., (bmam 6ejieujKy 75), c. 235. 85. K. Miarx, mcto c. 253. 86. K. Marx mcto, c. 270; yn G. Lulkcs. op. cit., c. 628. 87. K. Marx, mcto, c. 274f.
66).
BpaH.
}+{MBOjMHOBMtia).
80. 3 a c x e M y r y 6 n T K a m n o H O B H o r 3 a A o 6 n ja H 3a HOBeKa", ,,caM00Tytiett>a m yKHAaH.a caM OOTyt}ehba y n . n . / la H A C x y T , Y b o a 3a o p . c !t., ( b m a h 6 e Jie u iK y 7 5 ), c . X X X V IIf f ; H. Banth, W a h r h e it u n d Id e o lo g ie , Z u ric h 1945. c . I1 2 ff 164ff; H. P o p itz, o p . c it., passiiim. HeKM o 6 p t h k o a T>- /1yKaHa 3 B y n e y n p a B O Kao H3BOAH M3 THOCTHHKMX peJlMrMjCKMX TeKCTOBa, G e s c h ic h te u n d K la s s e n b e w u s ts e in , Berlim 1923. noc. 151 f f . Hnp. c. 153: ,,Ha jeAHOj ce C Tpan n cno3Haje Aa je Apym TBeHM 6 nTaK vhmujtmo HOBena nao HOBena. Ho m c t o a o 6 h o ce na Apyroj CTpaHM nona3yje npMHu,Mn Kano A P y w TB e H o yHMuiTeH, pacKOMaAaH, M e hy AOJiMMMHHe cMCTeMe noAeJbeH HOBeK, MMcaoHO naHOBO Tpe6a A a 6 y A e y c n o c Ta B Jb e H ", mjim c. 156: reiHeaa, npoM3BoheH>e npoMSBOAMTejba ca3HaH>a, pacTBapaH>e MpauM0HajiH 0CTM cTBapM no ce6M, 6y1)eH.e caxpaHbeHor HOBeKa (n o A B yK a o E. T . )
88. y CB3K0M cjiynajy je m oho ujto je Mapnc morao Aa pa3yMe noA He OTyt)eHMM" HOBeKOM y cyUJTMHM CaM O j e A H a c})M J10304>CKM KOHCTpyMCaHa KOnMja eMnMpMjCKM CTBapHor, naTH>M noABprHyTor hoB e K a , yn. K. Mieldlce, ,,W is s e r > s c h a f t und U t a p ie im der Geschichtslehre von Karl Marx y: G eschichte in W issenschaft und U nterrich t X ( 1959), c. 160. 89. CBaKaKo Aa ce 3acTynHM4M 3B3HMHHor AMjajieKTMHKor MaTepiMjajiMSMa 6ope npoTMB aotmhhmx mhTepnpeTau,Mja ,,aTyheH>a", Hnp. G. Mende, Eiine Eiinfuhrung in die Phiillosophiie , y: W issensschaftilche
Zeitsch rift der Friedrich -Schiller-U n iversita t Jena,
KOHU,eHTpMuie ce caAa, AaKjie, KOHKpeTHO na nMTaH>e AnjaJieKTMHKe MeTOAe. (KopMuiheH npeBOA A a HMJia nejOBMha). C o b m m je y Be3M m c p o a c t b o M3M eh y HeKMX KOMnoneHTM MapKCMCTMHKor yneH>a o
M A e ojio rM jaM a m OApeheHM x c a A P ^ a ja T e o jio u in e n p e A a je . A ko ce MAeojiorMja cxBaTa nao HyntHa no-
Geselischafts- u. spraohvviiiss. Rieliihie VIII ( 1958/59) c. 33ff. 90. Ilpe cBera y rope HaBeAeHOM paAy, yn. 6e/ieuiny 29. 91. T. D. Wi&ldon, op. cit., c. 107ff. H. Kelsen, Political Th eory of B olshevism , California UP 1955, c. 19. mctm_ Th e C o m m u n ist Th eory of Law, New Yonk 1955, c. 49f.
The
[105]
92. K. R. Popper, ,,What is Dialectic? , y: M in d 49 ( 1940), c. 424: ,,Any development whatsoever w jiII tiit the dialectiic scheme; the dialecticiian need never be afiraiid of ainy refutation by foTthooming expenience"t (CBaKM: he paaBMTan oiArOBapaTM ahja/ieKTMHKoj cxeMn; AnjajienTMMap He Tpea HHKaAa fl,a ce 6ojn MKaHBor no6njaH>a HacTynajyhnM mcKycTBOM). Yn. E. Riginano, The Psychology of Reasoning, London 1923, c. 243: ,,Now 'it is eviident thait this clas-stification or 'framing of succesisiive phenomena of reality in thesiiis, antitheisiis, and synthesis, is always possiible, ovviing pneoiisely to the g.reat vagiuenes of these concepts. So that, even if the evoluition of the woirld had followed another counse, the same classificatiion wou!d st.ilI have adapted 'iitself without a.ny diiiffiiculty" (Ca^a je OHnr/ieAHo Aa je obo K/iacMc|}MHOBaHbe oahooho cK/ianaH>e cyKuecMBHMx cjjeHOMeHa CTBapHocTH y
97. TepMMH ,,cxo/iacTMKa OBAe c e ynoTpe6/baBa y CMMC/Iy P. H'onigs.heiima, U e b e r d ie soziialhiistorisch e S ta ndon tge ib u n d e n h e it v o n Eraiiehungsizielen , y 36opHMKy: Schule und Erziehung, Beml'in 1960, c. 41 ff. 3 a o B a j n p o u e c npeMHaHaBaHja MapKCM3Ma y CoejeTCKOM CaBe3y yn. E. B oettche n, op. cit., c. 210: MapKCM3aM Je Taj ko}m Tp e 6 a Aa MCTpamM Aa /im c y . . . CoBjeTM , nyTeM b /i 3 c t m t m x npor/iaca m 6eCM M C/ie:HMX H a K H a A H M X MCnpaBKM, C3MM y3pOKOBa/lM TO/iMKy npoM eH y y hbeMy Aa je oh y CBojoj cpwM n o c Ta o n 0 Tn yH 0 HeujTO A P y ro m nocTao noAecaH 3a Ma Hojy no/iMTMKy. . . Mm ra y K p a jito j /lMHMjM pa3a3Haje'M0 Kao n p o c T y onpaBAaBajyhy MAeo/iorMjy caM OAonaAHe no/iMTMHKe MOhM. O h hbm c e Ha Ta j Han'M'H noKa3yje Kao McnpamhbeH o a CBor M3BopHor
caApHiaja,
ujto
oneT ne
Tpe 6 a
M3jeAH3HaBaTM
npaKTMHHe
ca
no-
M0npa>KH>eH0Ujhy /lMTMHe.
(t)yHHU,Mje
y H y Ta p
jyhn ynpaBO Be/iMKOj HejacHOCTn obmx nojMOBa. Tako Aa 6m ce H3K m ano 6m eBo/iyuMja CBeTa c/ieAM/ia Apyrn tok, ncTa nnam<)pmau,v\]a npM/iaroAMJia 6e3
M K 8KBe TeUlKOhe).
93. O npoMeHM nojy je y/iora iMAeojiorMje m H>eHMx HOCM/iaua npewMBe/ia y coBjeTCKOj PycMjM oa Ao6a peBO/iyuMje, yn. E. Boetbcher Die sow jetische W irtschaftpolitik am S ceide w eg, Tiibingen 1959, c. 111f. 94. Ja K y TeHAeHUMjy Ka CTBapaHjy hobmx o/iMrapXMja yHyTap cou,Mja/iMCTMHKMX napTMja jacHo je M 3/iowmo Beh R. Miichels, Z u r Soziologie des Parteiwesens in d e r m odernen D em okratie, 1. M 3AaH>e 1911; 2. M 3A- S tu ttg a rt, 1957. Yn. V. P a re to , I sistem i socialisti, Torino 1954. ripBO MSAatbe 0B0r Ae/ia nojaBM/io ce 1902. Ha chpaHuycHOM je3MKy.
95. M. Bubeir-Neumann, Von Potsdam nach M oskau, Stuttgart 1957, c. 400, nMiue o HerAaiuhbeM KOM yhm ctm hkom Bot}M Xaj'Huy HojMaHy koj'm je 6 mo yxan-
ujeH y Be/iMKOj hm cthm 1937: ,,y t o BpeMe MMa/ia caM yTMcaK Aa ce oh wapno TpyAMO Aa k o a KaHTa, Xere/ia, Mapnca m /len>MHa npoHahe paa/ior 3a rt>eMy
H epa 3yM/bMB n p a K ce m a n a p M a H Ta H pa3Boj MapKOMCTMHKe
y coBjeTCKOj PycMjM. HaeroBa KpMTMHKa pa3MaTparta K pyw M /ia cy HenpecTaHO o k o noBpetjHBaH>a yHyTapnapTMjCKe AeMOKpaTMje, m a o k je CTa/bMHoBa ApJ+taBHa no/iMU,Mja no ue/ioj 3eM/bM xancM/ia,
c a c /iyiu a B a jia , y 6 Mja/ia m hmhm/13 Aa /byAM 3ayB en
HecTaHy, XajHU je ceAeo 3a cbojm m nMcahMM c t o jiom m BpeAHO n p o y H a B a o a o /io Xere/ia, yHM Te/ba ApmaBHor npaaa, He 6 m /im o a H>era a o 6 mo Ba/ban OAroBcp, 0'6jauiHjeH>e 3a AH/ieMy caAauJH>ocrM. Koa no3H3TMx ayTopa obbko nojaujH>eH>e cBaKaHo ce He
MOHie HahM.
96. O MHCTMTyuM0Ha/iM30BaH>y m ocTBapeH>y xapM3Me, yn M . W e b e r, W irtsch aft und G esellschaft, Tubiingen 1956, c . 669f; 690f.
rH o c iu m K e
X a jd e z e p o e o
Hnne je jeflHOM npnM eino Aa je HeManKa c J)k ji0 3 0 4>nja npoKpwjyMHapeHa Teo/iornja. Oh je noce&Ho MMCJIMO iHa HeMaHKM V \fl,e & n V \3 Q M , KOjkl ce y CBOjMM fly6nMM ciiojeBHMa Kpetie oko nnTaHja KojMMa ce o6mhho 6aBM Teojiornja. U,njb 0B0r TeKCTa je fla ce y OKBnpy HpnTepnjyMa rH03e XajflerepoBa 4)m^0304>nja mhtepnpeTMpa Kao Xajflerepoea npnKpnBeHa
nM TaH je o CMMC/iy 6 M BCTBO BaH ja; a y n p a a o M H TepnpeTaM,Mja B p e M e H a O TB a p a M orytiM x o p m 3 o h t 6 mjio K aB o r p a 3 y M e B a H ja 6 MBCTBOBaH>a. K p M Te p M jyM 3 a HeKy 0 H T 0/i0 rM jy HMje 6 e 3 B p e M e H H e ro je B p e M e cm o. O B a j n a p a A O K c cnajaH>a 0 H 0 ra lu t o c e o 6 mhho npMX B a Ta K ao n o ja M Tp ajan >a ( 6 MBCTBOBaH>e) c a n o Te n Umj'om np o /ia 3H o cTM (B p e M e ) 3 a x T e B a o 6 jaiiiH>eH>e.
Teo/iorMja.
noA
yneH>a cy CBM
rHOCTMi4M3MOM
p a 3 HMx
ha
ce
jepeTM H K M X
oa
mbko
o 6 mhho
6 v\ne
B pxyH uy M e t)y T M M ,
npBor cy
neTor
BeHa
Hame ep e .
3 H a H .e XO B M M
hobho
ceK Te
n p a H TM M H O
H>MXOBM
flejiaTHM
H>y y
ja B Jb a H > e
XajAerepoBa HpMTMHa TpaAMUMOHa/iHe OHTo/iomje Aaje HaM npBM nyTOKa3 na H>eroBoj no3M4MjM. y t pa a 'm u m o h a/iHOj OHTo/iorMjM 6MBCTBOBaHje ce pasyMe Kao HajnoTnyHMjM nojaM. 3axBa/byjytiM oBoj mhashtm4>MKaUMjM 6 MBCTBOBaH>a ca OHMM LUTO je HajonLUTMje TpaAMUMoiHanHa OHTo/iorMja oa c a M o r no ne TK a /lMUjasa ce6e MorytiHocTM AecjDMHMcahba 6mbctboBaH>a. C/ieACTBeHO, XajAerep TewM Aa orpaHMHn
,,6MBCTBOBaHje Ha nojaM HajnojeAMHanHMjer. Seins fra g e (nMTaHje o 6MBCTBOBaH>y) HMje npM/iMKa 3a H ecTBapHe cneKy/iau,Mje o HajonuJTMjMM oinujTOCTMMa; oho je y mcto BpeMe m Haj4>yHAaMeHTa/iHMje m Haj-
o rp a H U M M a
nonpeTM M a,
d ie
H a M a u je H O
je
c jiy n a jy
HeGnoin
C . Baimr, D i e E n t w ic k lu n g ,
c h ris t lic h e T u b in g e n du
KOHKpeTHMje nMTaHje.
O a A p M C TO Te / ia o h to / io u jk o nMTaH>e yn p a B /b e H 0 j'e na p a 3 y M e B a H > y yH M B e p3a /iH e o c n o B e c B e ra ujto j e c T e . 3 6 m p C B e ra lu t o j e c T e KO HC TM TyM iue h o c m o c . A a K J ie , OHTO/iorM ja je o 6 m hho y n p a B /b e H a na h o cM o c y m n o K y a ia B a A a H O HCTpyM Lue C B o je K a Te ro p M je K aKo 6 m CM ecTM /ia k o c m o c . O H TO /io rM ja HarM Hje k o c m o/iolukom oM iCTeM y K aTe ro pM j'a. y o b om cMMC/iy H eM a pa3/iMKe M 3M e tiy pea/iM CTM HKor (apM CTO Te/ioBC K O r) M MAea/lMCTMHKOr (H a H TO B C K O r) OHTO/lOUJKOr np o / ia 3 a . J e p , n a n m t b m o r ^ e K a Te ro p M je MMajy C B o j M 3Bop y c y 6 je K T y , o H e c y yn p a B / b e H e na k o c M O C y (4 >eH O M eH M M a). K a T e r o p M je c / iy w e n a o o p ytja 3a p a 3 y M e 3 a H je o 6 je K T a , K o c M O c a .
R e lig io n s -P h ilo s o p h ie
1835), A n d re
H a f lp e a / iM C T M H K o r
(M .
C a r ro u g e s ,
f o n d a m e n t a le s
s u r r e a lis -
Paniis 1 9 5 0 ) , m c n M c a C m m o h Bejji ( M . M o re p e n s e re lig te u s e d e Sim oine W eli'I) y D i e u V i v a n t N o . 1 7 ) . M3/iaraHje rHOCTMHKMX o c n o B a X a jA e r e p o B o r HMXM/iM3 M a caHMH>aBa no ce 6 H o nor/iaB/be y o u e H jM B a H > y o w M B / b a B a H > a t h o c t m h k m x npM/ia3a y M O A e p H O j flyX O B H O j KpM3M.
HMjeflna
nponycTM H e y T p a / iM U ie
pacnpaBa He T e o / io u jK e
Xajflerepy
He
M om e Ha
Aa m
a fl,a
n pM M e TM
fla
oh
ynoTpe6 /baBa
A/im
K a T e ro p M je . O H T o / io r M ja T e o / io u jK M X
n M T a H je
3aujTo
mm kbm ce pec hoc cy
4 ) e H 0 M e H 0 /i0 UJKa K a T e ro p M je oa
CBoje
Mopa A a n o 3 a jMMC/iM/ia^a K a H M je cy
X a jA e re p o B a
F u n d a m e n ta lo n o to lo g ie
(ct>yHAaMeH-
Kjepnerop,
n a c K a / i, / l y i e p
m A B ryc TM H ,
O A r o B o p M / io .
Xp M Lu tVaH CK M
T e o / i0 3 M
oflM ax
A/im
Ta/ina oHTO/iorMja) ynpaiBJbeHa je y cynp0TH0M npaBi4 y. LjMJb OHTO/iorMije Je Aa 4>epMY-nMUJe, He H a T e r o pMje 3a p a 3yMeBaHje C Tp y K Ty p e nocMOca, Hero
E x is te n zia lie n (e r 3 MCTeHU,Mja/ie) nao C TpyK Type ,,D a s e in -a (o n cTa H K a ) o ah o o h o /imhhoctm. D a s e in Je X a jA e re p o B TexHMHKM M3pa3 3a 6 MBCTByjytie noje CMO M M CaMM. O B O ,,6 M BCTByjyhe , MetiyTMM, CXBatieHo je ohto/ioujhm nao hmctm 3 k t caMO-pecb/ieKCMje koj'm MMa npBeHCTBo y OAHO cy Ha 6 m/io noje o h tm h k o 0Apet)eH>e Ha eMnvipMjcKOM m/im pauMoHa/iHOM m/im A y x 0 BH0 M HMBoy. D a s e in ce CTora M Ow e npeBecTM M3p a 3 0 M ,1 /lMHHOCT,^ kojm y n a 3yje Hfl HMCTy pe4>/ieHCMBHOCT npM ne M y c e He n o A p a 3yMeBa HMKanaB nojaM nepcoHa/iHOCTM. F u n d a m e n ta lo n to lo g ie n e y/ia3M y KOHTpaBep3Mjy M3Metjy pea/iM3Ma m MAea/iM3Ma; Hjy n e MHTepecyje TBptieHje npBeHCTBa 6 m/io c y 6jeK Ta 6 m/io o 6 jeKTa y e n M C T e -
n p e n o 3 Ha/iM npeM a
Xajflerepa
o p T o f lo k c m jm M fly pp. pyny je
nao
jepeTHKa".
neM y Toh je n>KM Bapa
,,jeo flm
n o flp a 3 y M e e a h a jn p v to h m }m
npM n o fl Epm x
m Hajc/iom eHM jM
0 A & 0 jH 0 C T
n p M B / ia H H O C T
pyny. YnpaBo
M H T e p n p e T M p a H > y fla o
Leiipzig
npOAOp
1934, y
72 9 7 ).
rH O C TM H K M X
M e H M X e jC H M X
M HeOTl/iaTOHMHKMX
c / ie A 6 e H M K e
e / ie M e H a T a
X a jA e r e p o B m H je ro B e je y H a j o n a c H M je ohm
HMXM/iM3 a M . ca Ta H C K e yB M A
3a
3 mc ho
r ijK M B a p y
K a TO / iM H K e
M3 p a w a B a o c y tje H , npeM a je m
M o ry tiH o c T M X a jA e r e p o B
H O B en a, X a j A e r e p
oahoc
OBaj
He
m o 3 M cy
pa3BMjajy
Aa/be.
Hauj
y
He KOMe
m Aa
3aAaTan
roBopa
M e cTO koj'm
X a jA e r e p o B M one t o / im h o ce
M M ajy
c B o je
m3 / io w m m o
TO K O B e
M M m / b e H ja
Te ny
M opa
He
nonasaTM
ce
M3Bop
n p e A a jM ,
3a
OBe y
to -
KOBe
Ha/ia3M y
aKaAeM CKOj
H e ro
Teund
o / io iu K o j, m, n o c e 6 H o , y T p a A M ^ M jM H a c / iO B X a jA e r e p o B o r
m
rH O C T M H K e j e p e c M . A e / ia S e in
r J ia B H O r x o tie Aa
Z e it
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(BMBCTBOBafbe
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speM e)
npeACTaB /ba M3 H O B a
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[107]
M M HiM caM 0-0AH 0 LueH>a Mopajy MHTepnpeTnparn c 063'MPOM Ha Aecj>MHHLJ,Hjy CMMC/ia 6 M'BCTBaBaHaa. CaMO
3aio LUTo ce OHTo;iornja Mopa 3acHOBaTM y erenCTeHU,Mjaj]HOj aHajlMTMHM JIMMHOCTM M 3aTO UJTO je J1M4HOCT y CBOjOJ HajyHyTpaUJH>MjOj CyLUTHHM npnMOpflMjaJlHO Mfl6 HTHMHa ca BpeMeHOM CaMMM ,1 MO-
HjepKeropa 3a XajAerepa, m 3Hanaj XajAerepoBor M36opa Teo/iomKM ynoTpe6jbeHMx M3pa3a y jeAHOM aTeMCTMHKOM CMCTeMy, Mowe ce pa3yMeTM caMO ynytiMBaH>eM na t h o c t m h k m m o t m b .
H a A a X ajAerep H a jaB /byje 3 a A a Ta K u e /iO K y n H e MCTopMje 0 H T 0 / i 0 m j e nao A e c T p y K U M je
B O A e t iy
hmt
A;in
rfle
3a pa3Boj
y CBeTCKor
H>eroBe
4>Mino3o4>Mje,
npoTM B
oh
,,npoTecTyje
Jiemn
M3Bop 0B0r
0 6 / ia c T M
T e o p M je
MCTor K / ia c M H H o r
JIMHHOCTM? H a ro B e iu Ta j caM or XajAerepa M om e HaM noKa33tm n y T flo O A roBopa. y 6 e/ieuinn 3a BamHo noMaBn>e 0 A n g s t (cTpenH >u) Xajflerep h3boam A b rycTM Ha, / lyTe p a n H je p K e ro p a Kao M3y3eTKe o a npaBMJia ,,3aHeMapMBaH>a er3ncTeHH M jajiue anam m Ke D a s e in ja .2 npM M efl6 a je O TKpnBajytia, c 063 MpoM Ha X a jfle re p o B A o 6 po no3HaTM aHTHxpnmtiaHCKM CT3B. Ajim 3ap He n o c T o je A y 6 oKM ajin npM ryuiehm tokobm MMLUJbeH>a y OKBMpy caM e xpnuitiaHCKe
na je m m o3a, c h>mm y c y n p o T h o c t m , Aoui/ia Ao r/iaca. 3 a H>era je T p a A M U ,M O H a / iHa O H TO / io m ja jeAHana ca rpHKOM 0 H T 0 / i0 m j0 M m HbeHOM T e O p M jO M , KOja Kp03 p a 3 / lM H M T e o6pTe M
c K / io n a , H acTaBKe c p M je O A p e t iy j e H O H i 4 e n T y a / iH M c n / io n cfc>M/i030-
a o AaHac .6 HecTa/iHa r p a H M u . a T p a A M L ^ M je m o w e ce n p o n a t i M y rpHKOM r / i e A M u iT y A a Dasein pa3yMe ce6e m 6MBCTB0BaHje yonujTe Kpo3 cBeT. 6
repoBoj aHTMTeonorMjM? C yre c TM ja HMje tojim ko n y a Ha 3KO y3M eM o y o63Mp fla H>eroB Hanafl Ha xpM-
II
flyx aHTMHe cacTojM ce y jeAHOCTaBHOM yBepeH>y O KOHaHHOj XapMOHMJM /byACKe M KOCMMHKe npMpoAe, m cbm H>eroBM cneKy/iaTMBHM cmctomm oa fl/iaTOHa ao CToe M3pamaBajy HOBeKOBy HBpcTy yKOpehbeHOCT y 06 jeKTMBHM nO/lMTMHKM M COUlMja/IHM oKBMp. A prtiioiri rpHKor pyxa, y6etieHje Aa je HOBeK koa Kytie y kocmoc^, Ba/baH je nan m 3 a KacHy aHTMKy KaAa cy ApyuiTBeHe npeTnocTaBKe xapM OHMje M3Metjy HOBena m nocMoca HecTa/ie. Om3mkoTeo/iorMja Croe pec{)opMMca/ia je oeaj cMMcao xapMOHM'je. Hocmmhkm ,,oriTMMM3aM" npoBejaBa Kpo3 CBe CTOMHHe cnMce, Kora hm cbo pa30MapaH>e y no/iMTMHKy c4>epy HMje Mor/io Aa yracM; kocmoc je n o c T a o n o / iM c CToe a MOBeK je n o c T a o HOCMono/iMT.
uifiaHCKy Teo/iomjy yonuiTe HMje Ha HaTypajiMCTMHkmm 0CH 0 BaMa. y cTB apn, oh onTywyje xpnuitiaHCKM
je
m cyBMiue HaTypajiMCTMMHM;
jiHHMja nanaAa Koja je ynoTpe6;baBaHa npoTMB KjiaCkiHHe OHTO/iomje npMMeH>MBa je m na Teo;iorMjy: Teo/iom ja ce joiu yBeK Kpetie y kocm ojiolukom ck jio-
fl,yx rH03Mca je y eKCTpeMHoj cynp0TH0CTM npeMa KOCMMHKOM OHTMMM3My CTOe. )/ CBMM CBOijMM BapMjau,MjaMa m ceKTaMa noje cy 6 m e pauiMpeHe no MCTOMHOM Ae/iy PMMCKor UapcTBa, m Hoje cy ce npeTa/ie oa MMCTepMjCKMX pe/iMrMja npeno paHor xpMuitiaHCTBa ao MaHAejCKMX cenTM mctohho oa JopAana, npeoB/iatjyje jeAaH motmb: HOBeK HMje ,,hoa nytie y hocmoc^. /loroc mo3Mca HMje oa OBor CBeTa . JeBatje/be no JoBaHy nao m Ae/iOBM PlaB/iobmx noc/iaHMua npy>Kajy o6MMHa CBeAonaHCTBa 3a OBO Ay6oKo oTyt]MBaH>e HOBena oa HOCMOca.7 M3jeAH8HaBaH>e k 6 s m o s = s k o to s f ,,cB e T= Ta M a ", M3pawaBa rHOCTMHKM naTOC. OBAe kocmoc CTOjM yMec to CBe eMriMpMjCHe m ncMXMMKe pea/iHOCTM. Hocmoc npey3MMa u,e/iMHy npMpoAnor HOBena nao cboje B/iacHMLUTBO m Apw n fa yHyTap B/iacTMTor no/ba MotiM; a HOBen ce y cbom OHajHMHKOM TparaH>y 3a co6om ocetia ,,yxBatieHMM,, y CBeT, m otkpmbs jeAHo KOHaHHO (ca CTaHOBMuiTa cBeTa, HenocTOjetie), CKopo Hy/iM c/imhho ,,je3rpo /lMHHocTM, Kao noc/ieAh>m yHyTpauiH>M ctbb hojm ocTaje cTpaH y OAHOcy na CBeT.
[108]
Hfleja anco.nyTHe /imhhoctm (nHeyM a) ^eHTpa/iHii je m peBO/iymMOHapHM KOHnenT rHOCTMHHe cneKy/ia UMje. Cbb m ocTM 4 Ka MMTo/iorMja m cneKy/iauMja 06ptiy ce oko flpaMe /imhhoctm, HbeHOr riama m cnace>t,a.8
EHcn/iM KanM ja A p a M e rn o c T M H K e /im hhoctm 3 a x T e Ba A a n p B O pa3/iyHM M o r/iaBHe ziajTM O TM Be KojM c e n p o B / ia n e K p o 3 CB e pa3/iMHMTe m o c T M H K e c M C Te M e m c n e K v / ia u M je . ripBM bc/imkm cmm 6 o/i rH 0 3 M c a je C Tp a H O C T" (,jy t io c T " ). C tp s h m B o r M apKM ona 0 A r 0 B a p a c T p a n o M >KM BOTy", M 3TH a H CTB y K o je c e noMMhbe y M a H A e jc K o j /iM Te p a Typ M . ,,C T p a :H O C T " je c /io w e H Anja/ieKTM HKM n o ja M . H o B e K je C Tp a H a u , y C B e T y m Ha T a j h3hm h O A C Tp a tt.e H o a C B o je r a o m b . C Tp a iH O C T j e , uLiTaBMUje, c b o jc t b o c B e T a ; c B e T je C T p a n o M e c T o y KOMe HOBeK naTM n a o C T p a n a i 4 . M o w e c e Aecnr, M e tiyTM M , Aa C Tp a H a u ,, m cyB M u ie A o S p o n p o n a t ie cBO j n y T K p o 3 n y T e B e c a e T a m t 3 k o M3ry&M c e 6 e 3a c B e T , m TO T a / in o c e O T y t)e o a C B o r M 3Bo pa. r io c T o j'M , MnaK, CTpaiHM 6 o r , C Tpa H M c B e T c a O H e C T p a n e c a K o je c e /im h h o c t O T y f iy je y C B e T y . EKcn/iMKau,Mja pa3/iMHMTMx CMM'C/iO'Ba n o jM a C T p a H caApm M , K O M n /ie TH y am ja/iektm m k^ c T p y K T y p y A P a ^ e /IMHHOCTM.
PeaKU,Mja Ha 6aHeHOCT y CTpaHO je CTpenH>a. O bo MCKycTBo crpenH>e npoBejaBa Hpoa CBe BapnjaHTe rH03Mca oa MaHAejCKe MMTO/iorMje npeno HoBor 3aBeTa ao ba/ie'HTMiH'CKmx CMCTeMa. CnaceH>e oa CBeTa jecTe cnaceHje oa CTpenHje: CTpenhba 3H3HM 6mtm 3a6opaB/beH oa M3Bopa, 6mtm 0CTaB/beH caM, npenyujTeH cseTy. O sa cTp e im a HeMa HeKn OApet^eHM o6jeKT to je CTpenHja oa CBeTa nao TaBor, xpatt>eHa M30/iOBaHOuitiy /imhhoctm. C'BeT y rHOCTMHKOM MMUj/beHaV HMije HeyTpa/ihm KOHuenT y cMMc/iy ,,yHMBep3yMa kojm jeAHOCT3BH0 CaAPHiM CBe UJTO nOCTOjM; HanpOTMB, CBeT ce bmam nao aKTMBHa, AeMOHcna noTeHLLMja o/iMHeHa y c/iMU'M KHe3a oeora CBeTa. Hocmoc nocTaje n0TnyH0CT (n/iepoMa) 3/ia m cynpoTCTaB/beH je 6ory KojM je n0TnyH0CT Ao6 pa. r i 0 T n y H 0 C T rH O C TM H K or 6 o r a je napaAOKca/iHa. r i 0 LJUT0 je n O T n y H O C T 6 o ra y c y n p 0 T H 0 CTM npeMa
n 0 T n y H 0 CTM C B e Ta , 6 o m a H C K o o 6 M/be, n o c M a T p a H o M3 C B e T a , j e c T e HMUJTa. J e ^ a H o a r/iaBWMx Jo H a c o B n x A o n p M H o c a p a 3 y M e B a H 3y H eraTM B H e Teo/iorMje jecTe y n p a B o t o u jt o o h y o n a B a n o p e n /io n p o rp e cM B H e TeH AeH L^M je y c xB a Ta H > y 6 o r a n y T e M HeraTM BHM X aTp w 6 y T a y H eraTM B M 3M y m o 3 M c a . H e ra T M B M Te T tho CTM HH or 6 o r a c/iyH(M p,a TO Ta/iH o noTKona no3MTMBH y eM riM pM jCK y C T B a p H O C T C B e Ta m H>eroB 3 a x T e B 3a 6 m/io k b k b o m B p e A H O U jtiy , o a h o c h o Ba/baHom 1iy. O b o o6jaiuH>aBa Kano 6 m je B a H ^ e / b e HeraTMBHor 6 ora, K o je AOCTM JKe B p x y H a n y Ea3M/iMAOBOM ,,He-6nBahby 6 o m M ( h o o u k io n t h e o s ) , M or/io c/iywM TM Kao c H a ra cna ce H > a m 3ana/iMTM M a u iT y ue/iMX e n o x a .
riojaBa caMO-OTytjMBart>a (0TytiMBaH>a /imhhoctm) jecTe AMja/ieKTMHKa noeHTa rHOCTMHKe ApaMe, jep Ty CTpaHOCT AOCTMme cBOj BpxyHau: OTytieHa /imhh o c t je O T y t ] e H a o a c e 6 e 3 a O T y t je H M C B e T . O cTBap e ite c a M O - O T y t ie H j a /imhhoctm 0 3 H a n a B a n p B M moMeHaT naMhehba iteHe M3BopHe /imhhoctm. flaMtiehbe ce MCKymaBa Kao ,,HemH>a 3a aomom KOja y n p a B / b a /imhhoct Ka t t e H O M noBpaTKy KytiM. Ka^a
/IMHHOCT jeAHOM npeno3Ha Aa je CTpaHa 3a cBeT, B M u i e Hetie ry6MTM c e 6 e 3a c B e T m Helie 6 mtm OTytjeHMija oa CBor M3Bopa. CaaHaibe rnosMica je n p e no3HaBaH>e enMrH03Mca. C y A 6 mHa /immhoctm cxBaTa
ce
ce
O A B M ja
AP^M aTCKoj
cyKne-
Tho3mc 3H3HM 3HaH>e HecBeTCKor 6ora y H>eroBoj anco/iyTHOj APyrocTM, m oho je paAMHa/iHo cynpoTCTaB/beHo 3HaH>y CBeTa: Hayu,M m KOCMo/iorMjn. YC/ieA HOCMMHKOr HMXM/1M3M3 rH03MCa, rHOCTMHHa cneKy/iaiAMja o6e/ie>HeHa je o6jeKTMBHMM cMpoMauiTbom m mohotohmjom. rioLUTo cbm o6jeKTM nocTeneho ry 6e oa 3'HaHefba, pa3HO/iMKOCT m MHOrO'CTpykoct eMriMpMjcKor CBeTa CTaB/beHa je y 3arpaAe. CaB MHTepec je ynpaB/beH yHyTpa y KOHTeMn/iauMjy HeraTMBHe aHCOMMHKe /imhhoctm. PIyHotia 6ora KOHanho je npa3HMHa. Har/iacan je Ha eMOUM0Ha/iH0j pezianMjM npeMa OBOj npa3HMHM. nynotia cBeTa aKycTMHKM ce KapaKTepMiue nao 6yKa CBeTa. OHa ce cxBaTa nao oprMjacTMHKM HOBMT/iau HMja je r/iaBHa cjDyHKUMja Aa HaAr/iaca r/iac caBecTM y /imhhoctm. Eyna CBeTa hm hm Aa ce jimhhoct 36yHM m 3ar/iyuiM 3a tt>eH B/iacTMTM r/iac, a/iM y mcto BpeMe OHa nonpetie jimhhoct M 3 H>eHe TynocTM. Ha npajy, CBeT no6 etiyje ce 6e b/ibctmtmm opywjeM. /Imhhoct je Botiena Kp03 KOBMT/ia^ cBeTa AO encTpeMHe Tanne caMO-OTyfjehba, y nojoj ce OHa oKpetie ce6M m 6yAM ce 3a CBoje npaBO CTaH>e.
EytieH.e je npatieHO npoAopoM HMCTe CTpenH>e
riocTojM
je A a H
acneKj HacM/ba
H a c M / iH O
cyA6M HM y
CBeT
3apo6/baBatt>a. O ah och o,
O A B e / iM Me y y M3 M o ra AOMa y
y / ia w e H 3 e
m HyjeH>eM no3MBa. riosMB npoAMpe npo3 smaobc CBeTa, oh je BaHCBeTCKM, a Mnan oh ce nyje caMo y cBeTy. I1o3mb He AOAaje HMUiTa 6yuM cBeTa AonpMHoiiieH>eM joui jeAHor r/iaca HanorboHMiM r/iacoBa; n03MB WMBOTa je TMX ri03MB. Cmm6o/1 n03MBa ct>yHAaMeHTa/iaH je 3a CBe mocTMHne pe.iMrMje; hsh m y Hoibom 3aBeTy oahoc M3Metiy c/iyujaH>a m BepoBaH>a 33BMCM OA THOCTMHKOr MOTMB3 n03MBa.
Te/10?10 PlojaM
A e c^ M H M L ^ M jM rH O C T M M H a y
6aHeHO CTM y
je
Tano
rH03Mca
M 0/1M TB3
B a / ie H T M H C -
KO M
cnaceH>e o a CBeTa
[109]
0B0r CBeTa a nnan y3MMa Ha c e 6 e y c y A 6 nBahba CTpaHi^eM y C B eTy ^ a 6 m MCHynno jim hhoct. 3 a iu T o ce M C K ^nm ejb w p T B y je m y3MMa Ha c e 6 e n yTeB e
CBeTa? 3 a T O u jto je /imhhoct fleo H>era. JIh m h oct MCKynMTen 5 a m M3ry6AjeHa /immhoct noja T p e 6 a fla ce MCKynM KOHaMHO c y HAeHTMHHe. rio3MB no3MBa jinHHOCT Aa ce np o 6 yA H . CaApntaj' no3M Ba je no3M B caM ; no3MB HeMa 0B0CBeTCKy nopyny. To je no3MB 3a 6ytjeH3e m y c b m m cb o j'm m BapMja^njaM a o h j e jeAHOCTaBHO 3 a n o B e cT: Ilp o 6 y A H ce ! Ooaj n 0 Tn y H 0 c jjo p M a A H H MMnepaTMB M o m e ce M c n yH M TM OApetjeHMM ca A p w a je M hojm ce y K j i a n a y ApaMSTMHHM c n e A o a cnaBaHba a o 6ytjehba. rio3MB je noBe3aH ca naMfiehbeM m npeno3HaBaH>eM nsBopa m o 6 e t ia H > e M c n a c e H > a jim h h o c t m M3 CBeTa.
PH03MC, ,,3HaHje Koje caAP>KM yHett.e o nyTy cnaceHja, no ce6M je CTynaHj y ap^mm cnaceHia. 3H8H>e (rH03MC) HMje 06 jeKTMBH'0 ; TO 'HMje jeAHOCT3BHO npMnoBecT nocMaTpana o cnaceH>y; oho hmhm yHyTpaujH>M kohctmt^tmbhm MOMeHT y npouecy
cna.ceH>a.
rip e jia 3 o a e K C T p e M H e e K C T e p H a jiM 3 a u n je mmtb AO n H Te p H a jiM 3 a u M je c})M ji0304)M je j e c T e H a jn p e c y A H M jn. A o k j e y M M Ty j e 3 r p o n o jM a Tp a H c u ,e H A e H i 4Mje n p o je K TO B a H O y MMarMHapHM A P y m -C B e T m McnyH>eHo n ce yA O -no3 M TM B H M M 3HaneH>eM, y 4>MJi03o4>CHoj Tp aH c4>o pM au ,M jn T p a H C u e H A e H U n ja n o c T a je y H y T p a ujh>m o rpa H M n a B a jy tiM npM HUM n. r h o c tm h k h c n e K y JiaTMBHM CMCTeM H a Taj H3HMH Mome nO CTaTM TO t s jt h o M M aH eH TaH y c B O jo j C T p y H T y p M a n n a K y c b o m u ,e H T p y 33ApH taTM n p n H u n n T p a H c u le H A e H u ,n je . A p a M a jim h h o c tm y X a j A e r e p 0 B0 M C M C Te M y n o T n y H O je MManeHTHa. 3pauM koj'm c y npojeKTOBaHM y M a u iT y MMTa noH O B O c y cKynJbeH M m K o n u e H T p n C3HM y HeBMAJbMBOj yH yTpa U lH >O j TaHKM JIMHHOCTH. H anejio A p a M a T c n o r KpeTaH>a, y M e c T O A a je noTMCH yTO y C y n p O T H O C T M 3M etjy He33BHCHM X MOtiM, OAh o c h o o 6 jia cTM , C M e u iTe H O je y B J ia c T m y n o jia p H y C T p y H T y p y jim h h o c tm .
C m m 6 oji CTpaHOCTM 6 mo je HarjiauieH nao u,eHTpajina AMjajieKTMHKa MMcao m ocTM HH or m m t b . 3 a X a jA e re p a C Tp a H o c T" M3pawaBa o a h o c cB eTa (S e ie n d e ) m He-CBeTa (Sein* N ic h ts ) T o je nocjieAi~bM TeM ejb MeTac})M3MKe; nojia3Ha Tanna MMuiJbeH>a hm je npM cycTBO o k o jih m x o6jeK aTa y CBeTy, Hero je t o cTpaHO CT CBeTa Hao TaK Bor. C TpaH O C T (B e fre m lic h k e it) cB eTa nao TaK Bor, OTKpMBa ce y CTpenibM ; TOTajiMTOT ceeTa (S e ie n d e im G a n z e n : k o c m o c ) o6ejioAaH>eH je ,jiin s e ln e r v o lle n , blislang v e rb o rg e n e n B e fre m d lic h k e it als das tschlechthiln A n d e re . . . g e g e n u b e r d e m N ic h ts (,,y CBOjoj nyHOj, a o c a ^ a 3a6opaBJbeHoj CTpaHOCTM nao n y n o A p y r o . . . OHOMe H n u iT a ) . 12 CTpenH>a oTBapa jim h h o c t OHOMe y ne M y ce CBeT y CBojoj TOTajiHocTM npBo c y o naBa K a o c b c t ; CBeT ce MCKyuiaBa y c b o m rpaHMneH>y ca h m h m m . T o Aa nocTojM HM-uiTa", t o jim h h o c t m KOja Je HaBMKHyra A a o ce6M m m cjim no M oh y o6jeKTMBHMX TepMMHa, Ha HaHMH CTBapM, M3rjieAa CTpaHO. HMLUTa HMje caMO HerauMja Henera, Kao je HOBeK y c b o m HeayTeHTMHHOM (caM O-ocTpaH>eh o m ) C T a ,y c k jio h A a Bepyje. H n -u iTa je npe o c h o Ba HeraTMBHOCTM m acn eK T y O M e h o b c k MCKymaBa 6MBCTBOBaH>e.
III
na pajiejiH e
KOHu,enTa jimhhoctm m X a jA e re p o B o r HOHuenTa D a s e ln ynaA/bMBM c y a npBM n o M e A . A MnaK je y mcto BpeMe jeAHaKO eBMAeHTHa Ay6oKa n y3HeM M pyjytia pa3nMKa y HMBoy m TO H y M3pawaBan>a. 3 a p He 6m HopecnoHAeHUMje 6aHeHOCT, G e w o rfe n h e it; cTpenH>a, A n g s t ; no3HB R uf M o m e 6mtm caMO Heo6nHHa KOMHUMAeHUMja? H 3ap He 6m ^eHTpajiHM 3Hanaj cMM6ojia caMO-OTyt)eH>a, CTpaHOctm (U n h e im lic h k e it), naMheH>a 3a6opaB a, HOCTajirMje m 3 a 6 jiyA e,y M3^araH>y m rHocTMHKor u X a jA e re p o Bor nojM a jimhhoctm, Morao 6mtm caMO noBpiu'Ha cjimhhoct? M o m e jim c e n o n o p M 3 M e % n p e Te p a H o r naToca, Heo6y3AaHMX M aiirrapMja m rpo3HMHaBMX ohoCBeTCKMX BMSMj'a rH03Mca, m x jia A H o r m an00JiyTH0 3aKJbyHaHor m caM O C Tojetie r mma n eHTM3 ma X a jA e re poBe cj>MJi0304>Mje npeBMAeTM?
rHOCTMHKor
cpopMa MMTOJiouiKe mo3MC M3a6paHa je 3a M3jiaraH>e mocTMHKor nojMa jimhhocth, nouiTO je mmt yjeflHO m npBM M HajAMpeKTHMjH M3pa3 rHOCTMHKOr ncKycTBa. Emjio 6m , Met)yTMM, norpeujHO aobcctm y y3ajaMaH oahoc M3pa3e KojM npnnaAajy p33jimhmtmm pa3BojHMM CTynH>eBMMa MMUJJbeHba. <t>opMa mmt3 He MOHie ce jeAH 0CTaBH0 M3jeAHannTM ca XajAerepobm m CMCTeMOM. Mmt caMO Mome Aa o6e36eAM Ay6oko yTeMe/beHy 0CH0By 3a cneKyjiaTMBHy apxMTen-
TOHMKy (J)MJi03o4>CHor cMCTeMa. Mmt je Hepa3AB0jnB cHJion ynytiMBaH>a; Mome ce nan petiM A a je oh Hanejio pacTa 3a CMCTeMCKy HOHCTpyKUMjy. C to ra He 6m 6mjio MeTOAOJiomKM McnpaBHo ynopet)MBaTM XajAerepOB cncTeM ca APyrMM thoctmhkhm cMCTeMMMa, 3aTO
6aBM
iuto
ce
Hauie
nMTaH>e
npnMapHo
He
Hero
y rHOCTMHKOM MMTy Ce AMjaJieKTMKa CTpaHOCTM pacnjiMtie noMotiy TpM M3pa3a: jimhhoct, CBeT, He-CBeT (c OHe CTpaHe: HMUiTa); ApaMa jimhhoctm, HbeHo ocTpaH>MBaH>e oa oHora c OHe CTpaHe, H>eH naA y CBeT m /iyraHbe no H>eMy m H>eno cnacen>e oa CBeTa npojeKTyje ce Ha bojimkom njiaTHy. XaJAerepoBa AMjajieKTMKa je Tano KOHi^eHTpMcaHa na JeAHy yHyTpauiH>y T 8HKy Aa TeuJKO #a yonujTe m uoctoJm no3opHM^a 3a ApaMy, Tano Aa Je 3a pa3jiyHM'BaH>e M3pa3a ApaMe noTpe6Ha HajBeha nawn>a. XajAerepoBM ochobhm cmm6ojim He HopecnoHAMpajy ca M3pa30M mmtb Hero m x npe o6jauiH>aBajy. Dasein (/imhhoct), Seiende (cbot), m Sein ( 6mbctBOBaH>e, He-CBeT, HMUiTa) jecy y vHyTpauiH>eM oaHocy. Dasein 3HaHM in-der-W elt-sein ( 6mbctbob3tm-y-CBeTy); cBeTCKO npe6M BaH>e KOHCTMTyMuie CTpyKTypy Dasein^a. Obo npe6MBaH>e y cseTy (e y CMMCJiy y KOMe je CTBap np0CT0pH0 caAP^aHa y Apyroj CTBapM, Hero y CMMCJiy npMMopAMjajiHor
CTeMa.
1110]
sein oa Sein. Dasein, nao in-der-WeIt-sein, H3pamaBa OAeajaHbe, 0CTpaHMBatt>e jimhhoctm oa cBor n3Bopa. Dasein HMje .jMcnpa cKMHyia ca 0 H 0 ra c OHe CTpaHe y caeT. HeMa ceeTa He3aBnoHor oa Dasein-a hhtm Dasein-a He3aBMOHor oa cBeia; nanpoTMB, ynpaeo je M0rytiH0CT jimhhoctm nao ocipaH>eH>a oa 6nBCTB0BaH>a jeAHaHa ca MorytiHoiiJtiy CBeTa.
To fla ApaM e y o n iu T e MMa, t o je 3axBaA>yjytiM
Dasein Hao 6M BCTByjytie-y-CBeTy Beti je nao: Da Dasein is,t vion ihm selbst alis eigemitlichem Selbsteinkonnen zunachits 'iimmer schioin abgefallen uind an der W e lt' ve rfa lle n (D a s e in je oa caMor ce6e nao npaBora MobM-6MTM-OH-caM Beti OTnao m nponao y cBeT' ).1 7 HeManKM rjiaroji verfallen, 3a
KojM HeMa TaH Hor e n rjie cK o r eKBMBajieHTa, 3Hann
cyiuTHHCHM TeMnopa/iHOj eK-CTaTMHHoj CTpyKTypn jihhhocth . MfleHTHTeT BpeMeHa M JIMMHOCTM Mfle Tako Aa-neno fla ce cpyKType / imhhoctm Mory MHTepnpeTnpaTn nao HannHvt TeM nopanHOCTM . Te M n o p a jihoct je GyiUTHHCKM eK-CTaTMMHa. HaHHHM BpeMeHa OTKpnBajy ,,die Zeitlichkeit als das ekstatikon schlechthin (BpeMeHMTOOT Hao ekstatikon yoniuTe").1 3 E k -sta s ls i" He 3HaMH CTajaTM M3aH C B era y HeneM MMarMHapHOM c oHe CTpaHe. HoBen, CTOjetiM M3B3H HenocpeAHe, npocTopno O K p y w y jy h e npM cyThoctm (s ta s is ), CTojM y BpeMeHy. 3aTo ijjto mobck ctojm M3B3H npMcyTHocTM oh je y CTaH>y Aa ce npMKynM m KOHueHTpMUje y H>oj. O ho c oHe CTpaHe je MHTpoBepTMpaHO; oho je yHyrpaujH>Mje oa yHyrpauiH>ocTM cB eTa. ,,M3BaH c B e Ta jimhhoct ctojm y ce6M y hmctmhm (Lichtung) 6MBCTBOBaH>a; H>eno CKJioHMuiTe oa cBeTa je joiu AaJbe yHyTpa, y Hoj caMoj. BMBCTBOBaH>e Dasein-a paAHKaJiHo je m ancojiyTho cynp0TCTaBJbeH0 6MBCTBOBaH>y cbmx Apyrnx ctBapn, a npojeHT XajAerepoBe Fundamentalontologie Tpe6a Aa MHTepnpeTMpa HaHMHe 6MBCTBOBaH>a Dasein-a M 3 H>eroBe BJiacTMTe cyuiTMHe. V M3pa3y Dasein" HaHMH H>eroBe caMO-peajiM3au,Mje, 6mjio Aa je to H>eroBa BJiacTMTa m jim OTyt)eHa jimhhoct, ocTaBJbeH je HeoApetjeH. HeyTpajiHM M3pa3, Dasefn M3a6paH je 3aTO ujto jimhhoct AectmHMUje caMO ayTeHTMHHy MorytiHOCT HOBena, ajiM He o6yxBaTa uejiM AOMeT H>eroBe nponanocTM. JImhhoct, yKOJiMKO yonuiTe jecTe, 0TB0peHa je 3a M0rytiH0CT Aa 6yAe m jim Aa He 6yAe ona. ripaTetiM aHajiM3y jimhhoctm y H>eHOM o6mhhom CBaHOAHeBHOM HaHMHy 6MBCTBOBaH>a, XajAerep n M U je : Dasein Hajnpe m HajHeuihe H M je oh caM Hero je M 3ry6JbeH y jaBHoj jimhhoctm (Man-selbst). 14 Man , oho jaBHO, y HOMe jimhhoct Mome Aa M3ry6M ce 6e, H M je 0 T y t ) e H a Moti KOja nocTOjM H e 3 3 B M C H O oa Jimhhoctm; oho Je npe jeAHa er3MCTeHUMjcKa moam4>mnauMja ayTeHTMHHe jimhhoctm .15 3aTo ujto Dasein jeAHOCTaBHo HMKaAa ne jecTe , nao CTena m jim APbo, oh yonujie Mowe 6m jim caMO Kao ,,ja (myself, Moja jimhhoct). CaMO 3aT0 uito je 3a Dasein nao jiMHHocT H>eroBo BJiacTMTo 6MBCTBOBaH,e y onachoct'M, MOwe oh ,,M3ry6MTM m jim ,,3aAo6M TM ce6e. 3J1M HOCMOC M HeCBeTCKa JlMHHOCT THOCTMHKOr MMTa peMHTepnpeTMpaHM cy nao cynpoTHocT noja M3BMpe M 3 caMe CTpyKType jimhhoctm. 38to uito je Dasein y 0TB0peH0 M OAHOcy npeMa cbom bjiacTMTOM 6mbCTB0B3H>y, OH je M3BOPHO TeMeJb 3a M JIM . . . m jim m o6yxBaTa ,,He-Ja Kao m ,,Ja.16
pacnacTM ce m 6mtm HeHMja wpTBa. JImhhoct HMje TOJIMKO wpTBa oee m ji'm OHe CTBapM K o jy cpehe na cbom nyTy; OHa je y cbmom cbom 6MBCTB0Ba4>y wpTBa CBeTa hoj'm npnnaAa H>enoj bjibctmtoj cTpyHTypM. CaM0-0CTpaH>eHa m npeAaTa CBeTy cbmom cboj'om CTpyHTypoM, jimhhoct je y3ypnMpaHa oa ctpaHe oHora jaBHor . flpaM a yHyTap Dasein-a M 3M etjy JIMHHOCTM m oH ora jaBHor , ycTaHOBJbyje 4>y.HAaMeHTajiHo npeTaH>e y M3JiaraH>y XajAerepoBe cfinJ 1 0 3 0 4 > M je .
JImhhoct je wpTBa CBeTa nyTeM CBOr npohepflaBaH>a y jaBHMM 4>opMaMa 3ajeAHMUJTBa, hacKaiba, rjiacMHa, oroBapaH>a, 3HaTM wejbe m A P y rn x jbyAcmix jaBHMX OAHoca. 06jiaiCT ja B H o r xpaHM c e saiMpaHMBaH>eM m ryuieH>eM CBera m aohocm CBOjy abocmmcjie H y HOBaHMuy Hao Hajno3HaTMjy m najcaMooMMrjieAHMjy CTBapHOCT. A j IM OHO jaBHO je M3B0pHa CM-
Tyau,Mja m no3MTMBHa HOHCTMTyu,Mja Dasein-a. JImhh o c t HWje MaH>e CTBapHa y cbom HeayTeHTMMHOM moAycy. H anpoTM B, y n p a B o Ha OBaj HaHMH caMO-ocT-
ens
realissim um .
,,He-Ja"
MOryhHOCT jimhho HtpTBa 6aiHanHor m CBaKOAHeBHor, CBaKOMe-HMHOMe, He Tp e 6 a HeHM noce 6 a n MaMau, M3BaiHa. CBeTOKe MOitim rHocTMHnor MMTa A e jiy jy ynyTap jimhhoctm: D as Dasein berei-
te t 'iihm sefbst die stan-dii'ge Versuchung zum Verfa lle n (D a s e in c m H>e np onajiocTM ) . 1 9 ce6M cnpeM a CTajiHO.vicKyiJje-
, ; n a j i o C T a H > e j i m h h o c t m y K J b y M y j e j e y a b b oynpoTHa KpeTSH>a KOja cy M e h y c o 6 H O H O M n j ie M e H T a p Ha. C jeAHe C T p a n e , To6o>HH>a n p M C H 0 C T m caMO-O M M irjie A H O C T jaBHMx 0 AH0 ca ycnasjbyje j e y ca:M o-
-3a6opaB . y
OTBopeHOM
jaBHor
O Ao6paBaH>a m c to
C M ryp H 0 C T H a ij p T A a boam Aa
BpeMe, jaBHM
yM ecTO
jaBHor MHece j im h h o c t
w
m cm m pm
MMpy
cno-
HOjcTBy, Hor
B M U je
Tepa
jim h h o c t O T yn jb e H a y C B e ra y
H a ijrp o a iH iM H a B M jy y
m 36yH>eHa
nocTaJe
w pTBa
ua
KJiMMa-
n c y C Bor caMO-ocTpaH>eH>a. O b o naAan>e nao w p TB a , y c b m m cboj ' mm BapnjauMjaMa, je c T e AMnaMM3aM jim h h o c t m nojM XgjAerep napaKTepMUJe Kao ,,K pax (A b s tu rz ). y o6MaH>yjyhoj CBeTJiocTM jaB H o r jim m h o c t ce6M M3rjie,Aa nao Aa ce nen>e ApyuiTBeH O M j i c c t b m u o m ycnexa A o k je , y CTBapM, yKJbyneHa y Kpax. flBOCTpyKO ycM epeH O KpeTaH>e n a A a jy h e j im h h o c t m , noja ce ko BMTJia y CBOj npax a o k B epyje Aa c e nen>e, Xajflere p KapaKTepviuje nao BpTjior (W irb e t).
[111]
H3BopHM
ctm
noACTpe He
B p T J io r a y CMe
A O J ia 3 M CBeT. M e u ia T n
o a
6aneHOhh
j im h h o c t m
BaneHOCT c
ce
He
po1jeH>eM
H HH>eHM -
ycnocraBM y c B e Ty o e e h a ce M36anetH0M
CBeTa,
OBaj nojaM
npoTM BpeH M
p o t j e H y Aojyy; A a n M a ApyiuTBen *a MOwe Aa noKawe nopoAHHHO C T a 6 n o . G evvorfenheit 3 H a n n ^ a je Dasein y k o h C T a H T H O M C T a H > y 6 m t m 6 a H e H . 20 H 3a XajAerepa u 3a HOBe n o 3 a flH H y
je
rH03nc,
6aH eH O CT /i h h h o c t m
M3pamaBa, c
OHe
CTpaHe
H a n v iH a
y cBeT, cymTHHCKo HacMJbe 6 m B a H > a - y - c B e T y j i m h h o c t m . Ha c n n n a H H a n n H , y nojaBaMa V ersuchung, Beruhigung, Entfrem dung m V erfangnis ( M C K y m e H > a , C M M p e n > a , O T y t je H > a m 3anjieTehoctm
ynameH>a
)
m
m m
n p e n o 3 H a je M o
bmhb
ocH O BH e
ra o cT M H K e y x B a t ie H 0 C T M caapm n m y
m o
TM Be
CBeTCKor
(o n M je H o c T M ), cBeTa Beh ce
CBeT
je
u jto
j im h h o c t
ra o Te-
CTMHKOM peBeHKy,
c a M o -3 a 6 o p a B , 3a
H>y j iy T a Ao6pM M a f lp a M a
cn aB aH >e, A j im
H ecBecH ocT y y
o p rM ja c T M H K y CBeTa. ce f le iu a s a
p a c K a J ia u m o c T , yH yTap
X a jf le r e p 0 B 0 M jim h h o c tm ; b j ib c t m t m m
m n o c T a je je oa
y n j ie T e H a
HeayT H TM H H M f le j i O M He-
HaHMH 6MBCTBOBaH>a.
Ako onpeTa Kano ce C B o jM X HaH M HM jim h h o c t rfle ce H a jn p e Ka H a j B e t iM M Tanna Mom e aKO cy npBM ayTeH TM H H a, H a j ia 3 M jim h h o c tm f lM j a j ie K T M H K o r onM caTM obm n o ja M H Jbyn M 3BaH 6 p M re
H eayTeH TM H H e
a y T e H T M H H o j jim h h o c tm ? e / ie M e H T M
T O T a jiM T e T
ochobhm x M om e n o ja M
e J ie M e H a T a , hbm
H e a y T e iH T M H 'H O C T M ?
X a jA e re p o B a ^tm
(S o rg e )
6 j i e M . 21
3a
O B a jn p o -
cura (jiaT. j i c h m t m ) ca^pmM ABa 3HaneH>a. O h 3 H a H M angstliche Bem uhung (60ja m jb M B T pyA )m y hoto B p e M e S o rg fa lt (caBech o c t ) m H ingabe ( n p e A a n o c T ) . y caM O j 6pM 3M noC T o jM A n j a j i e K T M K a K o j a t o h m Dasein K p o 3 ,,6 p M re
CBeTa" H a ro H ce6e 6yAe m pTBa cTaBJba y
a o k
He
6yAe ; y OHa A j im
6aneH ryp a
HaTpar
j im h h o c t
ce6M . Aa Aa
E p M ra
je Aa
j im h h o c t m
CBeTy. H y t ie CBeTa.
ynpaBO CBeTy ce
je
ko
M M n y j ic T o ra BM TJ ia
j im h h o c t m
ko a
M 3Bop
J Im h h o c t
y o K 0 J i0 , oHa
ro n >e H a
B J ia c T M T O M
6 p M ro M , m y
OBOM
ROBMTjiany,
BpxyH au
ca M O -o cT p a H > e H > a ,
o tkpm bb
JiM U,e
y Ha H M je
ca
co6om A jim
BJiacTMTOM MorytiHOiutiy
6 M B a H > e -y -C B e T y H M je H M H eM y, m cTBap y y jiM u e M JiMU,e OBOj (H e u iT o ):
6M aaH>a jim h h o c t
cBeTy. Taj
0 6 je K T M B H 0 ;
HaHM H C T o je t iM C TpauJH O ce hm oce-
(H M iu T a ). CTpaHO, M 3pa3 3a M C K y u ia B a j y
j im m h o c t
( u n h e im lc ih ).
CTpaHOCTM
HMUiTa
cBeTa. X a jA e re p o B Kao
OBaj
haj c Tp a iu H o r KOjM
cboJm m
j im h h o c t m
6 M B a H > e M -y -C B e T y 3a o & je K T .
gst,
HeM a
,,CTpenH>a .
o A p e t ie M M
TpenyTKy
BMUie H O M a ujTa A a n o H y A M , ^ a n hm j a B H y o6jiacT jbyACKMX o a _ H o c a . C T p e n H b a j i M iu a B a j i m h h o c t M0rytiH0CTM r y 6 j b e H a ce6e y c B e r y m p a 3 y M e B a iH > a ce6 e m c B e T J iy ja BHor. C T p e n H > a M30jiyje j i m h h o c t . y T p e y T K y y m a o H e
o 6 je K T M H e C T ajy. ,,C B e T
OKO JIMHHOCTM
[112]
H en oTn yH a CB e a o k c e H e O flp e fln ,,h o o n o r a Kojvi n0 3M Ba . A n n O H a j k o jh n o 3 H B a n o 3 H B , a o b o c n a fla y H>eroB c})e H 0 M eH 0^0U JK M K a p a K T e p , A p w n c e anco.nyTHo n o C T p a n n o a C B a n e 1 flle c K p n n iJ,n je .26 O H a j Kojn no3M Ba j e C T p a H jaaHOM c B e T y ; o h je ,,s o e t w a s w i e e i n f r e m d e S t i m m e ( p e u ,n M o n o n y T H e K o r c T p a H o r r j i a c a " ) . 27 H e o f lp e t ie H o c T n Hno3Hat o c t oH ora KOj>n n o 3 n e a H n c y H n u iTa A p y ro a o H .er o B a n o 3 H B H TH a pa3JiyM yjyha o 3 H a K a . V n p a e o 6e3HM e H O U jfiy o H o r a Kojn 3 0 B e , jim m h o ct 3Ha p,a j e OHa caMa n o 3 B a H a . O H a j Kojn no3M Ba ne Mome c e pa3Jiy4 h tm o fl o H o ra Kojvi j e n o G B a n m KOHaMHo j e MfleHTM HaH ca D a s e in -to m . Dais Dasein r u f t im G ew issen s 'ich s ie lb s t " ( O n c T a H a K caM c e 6 e 3 0 B e y c a a e -
c tm k M o m e A a npM XBaTM 4 M p n y jia p H y jiorMKy csm o H erM pan>eM c fje H O M e H ajiH or C B e Ta 3 a T o u it o o h koh3m h o n p w x B a Ta T3 M K y rjie A M U jTa ja B H o r " n o Kojoj c e 4>eH0M eHM M o r y p a 3 y M e TM c a M o n o A e jiO M c y 6 je K T -o 6 je K T . A jim X a j A e r e p , K ao m X e r e j i, n o K y u ja B a A a e K cnjiM U M p a cj>eHOMeHajiHO n o M o h y jio rM K e MAeH TM Te Ta , m y OBO M e o h je paAMKajiHMjM o a mmc-
TMKa.3 1
X a jA e re p o saAaTan 3axTeBa ,,HeraTM BHy 4>eH0MeH 0Ji0rMjy. no3MTMBHa c|)eHOMeH 0Ji0rMja He Mome C8BJ18A3TM O Baj 3aAaTaK, nOUJTO C B e n03M TM BH0 ,,A 0 A a je HecBOAMBOM MHOuiTBy, npajibe np0CT0pH0M no K ap aK Te py. Ajim y n p o c T o p y 4>eHOMeHM c y y
C T H " ).28
A jim fla jih j e D a s e i n o flje A H O M m y m ctom cm m c jiy m rjia c m y B 0 c a B e c T M ? M m n o 3 M B H e n j i a H M p a m o, hmtm ra M8K x o h e M O . O h o t o 3 0 B e 6 e 3 H a m e aH TM 4 M na uM je a n o H e K a fl Man m 6 e 3 H a iu e BOJbe. A jim HMje t o hm no3MB H e K o r f lp y r o r k o je c a m hom y C B e T y : D e r R u f k o m m t aus u n d d o c h u b e r m ic h (,,no3M B AOJiaaM M3 M e H 6 na MnaK no B px M e H e ) . 20 F u n d a m e n t a lo n t o io g i e npe4>opMyjiMme thoctm m km m otm b no3MBa. O h o ,,k o " oHora K o j M no3MBa j e c T e jim m h oct K o j a 6 y f l y h M 6 a M e n a y C B e T H a j ia 3 M A a j e
o c T p a H b e H a - J iM M H O C T (c a M O -o c T p a H je H a ), K o ja y ca-
&YAy y
yHyTpaujHjeM
0A H 0c y ,
M o pajy
ce
nocMa-
Tp a TM n p o 3 B p e M e . 3 a X a jA e re p a o a h o c je HpeTaH .e , a K p e ra ite je ^ o p ^ a BpeMena. B peM e je npon a 3 H O C T p a r e x c e ll e n c e ; ajiM o h o u jt o j e n p 0 Jia 3 H0 m a p a H M je m Ha Ta j HaHMH HarMH>e h m cto m He-
raTMBMTeTy. B peM e je HyjiTa Tanna (TaHKa nocMETpaHo n p o c To p H o ) y Kojy c e MopaJy cnynMTM cbm chenoM eH M . A k o c y 6 MBCTB0BaH.e m B p e M e MAeHtm hhm , o H A a je 6 MBCTBOBaH>e ancojiyTHM H eraTM BM T e T . A k o 4>eHOMeHM T p e 6 a A a c e o&jacHe o h t o jio UIKM C 063MP0M Ha HbMXOBO 6MBCTBOBaHje, MOpa MM
ce npMhM Ha o c h o b m H e ra TM B M Te Ta . y K p y u M ja jiH o j aHajiM 3 M npM BM ue X a jA e re p mhTe p n p e TM p a jim h h o c t k s o 0 CH 0 B y n e ra T M B M T e T a .32 C a B e c T y K a 3 y je Ha 6a 3M H H y KpM BM uy jim h h o c tm . O H a H M je KpMBa 3 6 o r 0 B0 r mjih 0 H0 r npeKpuiaja, 3 6 o r
HpujeH>a np aB M Jiy; OABOjMTM HOBHa oHe Hy je c T e nao c tm y 3anoHa mjim n p o n y iu T a H .a yHOJiMKO Ha je c T e , o Aa ce O Aro B opM je ce oh npMBa. jim h h o c t, oa Beh M O pa Aa
mom c b o m
no3M Ba y HeneMy
npMpofla m c|)yHKUMja jaBHor" je c T e &a pacTepeTM jimmhoct Hjene caBecTM , a H a jc y 6jiMMHnjM o 6jimk HaeroBe MohM ^ a pa3peujM je c T e pejin rM ja , npM MeMy je o h o t o caBecTM n 0TMCHyT 0 y je A H y 0Ty h e H y Moh M3BaH jimmhoctm. H e caMO a h c b h o jaBho MHeKbe H ero Man m 33kohm m 3anoBecTM pejiMrM je noTnaflajy n o fl 3HaK jaBHor. C B e o 6jeKTMBHe M HTepnpeTauM je, 6 mjio Teo jiou jK e mjim HaTypajiMCTMMHe, caMO c y ,, 6eKCTBO o a Hauie caB ecTM ",3 0 M3BpA a B a ite c y c p e ia c a c T p a x 0TH 0U jh y 6 MBCTBOBaH>a. flOUJTO JIMMHOCT HO npMpOflM TpamM yTOMMUITe y jaBHOM ", HMje MyAo u jto ce no3MB HajMeuihe n p e M yje. Ajim npeMyTM, m cto kbo m m^tm, je c T e pedDJiekcmbho; npeHyBett>e jimmhoctm caM e c e 6 e Ha Taj HaHMH n o cTa je MoryhM hbhmh H>eHor 6ma\ha noje ce o cTB a p y je y jaBHOM .
CaM a
rHOCTMHKO
rJie A B H je
HpMBMUiy
A o rM e TO M e
OLUTPO
O c,,c oho
xpM m haHC Ke
n p a rp e x y .
oco6MHa rH 03M Ca je y c T p a H e n e c x B a T a K ao
H3A JiM HH O U jhy. nopMu,aH>e cbct M O BeK O Bor
0 HM HCKy,
M oh
C y u iTM H C K a
je p e c
n p a rp e x a , u it o aK TO M
HO Ben
H e n o c jiy u jH o -
6aneH y c B e T , rHOCTMMKM K O H n e n T kpmm o h t o jio u jk m : H O Ben je kpmb y caM O M c b o m 6 M h y. XpMiuhaHCKa A O K TpM H a o npaBM ue je TpaH ceTM H K M CTBapM je rp e x y n o jM a y noM npoM M C nAa M 3M ehy nyTe M THOCTM HKor bo -
IV V TOKy OBe ananm e CTpyHTypa m UMJb XajflerepoBor MMUJJbeH>a m36mjim cy y npBM njiaH: pe4)jieKCMBHa CTpyKTypa UMpnyjiapHe JiorMKe yHyTap UMpKyjiapHor cMCTeMa. OeHOMeHM koj'm ce o6mmho oa noHeTKa MHTepnpeTMpajy Hao pejiauMja M3Mehy ABa He33BMcHa ejieMeHTa TyMane ce nao ABa acneKTa jeAHor m MCTOr 6MBCTByjyher, AHHaMMMKe jimhhoctm. HMjeA3H mmctmk HMje nomyHMje m KOHceKBeHTHkije yuiao y jio rM K y MAeHTMTeia oa XajAerepa. Pa3JiMKa M 3M eh y XajAerepa m mmctmk3 jecTe y tome uito, aok 3a MMCTMKe CBeT cheHOMeHa neciaje y KOHTeMnjiau,m j'm jeAHor, 3a XajAerepa jiorMKa MAeHTMTeTa He cjiymM Aa yHMiuTM c{jeHOMeHe Hero Aa mx ocbbtjim. Mm-
MOBeKOBe
M3BopHe
kpmbmuq
m 6M6jiMjcKor
o jio & o A e
eTM M Kor n o jM a
HOBeKOBor
jOM BJiaCTMTOM
kom
m O C TM H je Ha
to
C K /ion y
u it o
HOBeKOBa
je OH 6aneH y C B e T. 3aT0 U ITO JIMHHOCT HMje CTBO pM O 6 or M 3 a T 0 iu t o OHa HMje CTBopM Jia c e 6 e , OHa je orpa H M H e H a C B 0j 0 M BJiacTM TO M 4>aK TM H H O ujhy (Faktizitat). /Imhh o c t j e T e M e jb B/iacTMTMx 6 y A y h M x M 0 r y h H 0 CTM. A jim , nouiTO je 6 aneHa y c B o jy e r3 M C Te H u ,M jy, ona HMKaA He M o m e 6mtm rocnoAap C B o r B Jia c TM To r T e M e jb a . / Im h h o c t npM M a c b o j T e M e jb M3 HMHera (hm u j t b ) a o n e T M o p a AeJiO B aTM K ao A a je Te M e Jb KOjM ona HMje n o c T a B M ^ a H .eH b ji3 c tm tm Te M e Jb . Tano Me
[113]
naijpT, He MaH>e Hero HaSaMaj, HyjiTM TeMe/b /imhhoctm, noHMBa y HMiUTaBOCTn (N ich tlg k e it). 3aTo luto cy cbh npojeHTM (HaupTM) /imhhoctm OflpeheHM 6pnroM, 6pnra je c^iutmhckh durch und durch von Nichtigkeit d u rch se tzt (,,n 0TnyH0 npomeTa HnuiTaBouihy).3 3 A/im Spnra je y mcto BpeMe HaroHCH2 TemHja /1MMHOCTM, T8KO flfl je HeraTHBMTeT JIMHHOCTH KpeaTMBaH, M KpeaTMBHOCT OHOr HMUJTa CTOjll /imueM y /iMue ca CTBapaH>eM 6ora y jeBpejcKoj m xpnLuhaHCKoj Teo^ornjn. He ciBapa 6or m HMMera, Hero caMO HniuTa CTBapa. XajflerepoB M3pa3 3a cTBapahbe Hnnera jecTe nichten, hhujthtm. riapaAOKca/iHO, hmlutmtm He 3H3MM pa3opMTM (vern ichten , ,,yHMUJTMTM) . HMuiTeHje oTBapa HwcTMHy (Lich tu n g )
CBeTa. HMLUTa je JIMH 6MBCTBOBaH>a KOjM OHO OTKpMBa JIMHHOCTM y CBeTy. EMBCTBOBaHje M HMLUTa CanpMn a fla jy . . . 3aTO ujto je 6MBCTBOBahbe cmo KOHanho y CBojoj cyuiTMHM m uiTO oTKpMBa c e 6 e CaMO y TpaHcneHfleHHMjM Dasein-a kojm je M3/io>KeH HMHeMy. 34 y CK/iony MfleHTMTeTa M3Mehy Sein m N ichts n nopMuaH>a c y 6 je K T-o 6 je H T flMCTMHHUMje nao np ajH>e enM CTeM O^ouiKe pe/iauMje, apryM eH T KojM je m s HeT npoTMB X ere/ia Mopa c e c a ^ a M3HeTM npoTMB X ajflerepa. HaKo je ca3HaBaH>e y o n u iTe M o ry h e y CMCTeMy MAOHTMTeTa? HMje jim oho 0 c y h e H 0 fla 6 y -
Ha jiM HM ja , oHocBeTCHa JiMHMja K oja 3aoKpywyje jimmhoct. ripeflCTaBa jiMHeapnor WMB0TH0r Tona, 06jeKTMBHe 6yflyhH0CTM Koja ce npoTeme neoApeheh o Hanpefl, y3eTa je M 3 n p o c T o p a . Ca Tanne rjieAMUJTa npocTopa HtMBOTHa jiMHMja 6m Tpe6a/io as ce npyma 6ecKOHaHHO. He n o c To jM yHyTpauiH>M pa3Jioir 3a 3aMMUj'jbaH>e jeAHe KpajH>e TaMKe. CjieAM Aa ce c m p t Mopa nocMaTpaTM Kao Aorahaj cno/baujc M e m e m K o n a H H o M30CTaBMTM nao H e n a ,,mmhbeHM ua K o ja c e He TMMe jim h h o c tm . 3av\cja, y HeayTeHTMMHOM HaHMHy ja B H o r ^m m h o c t canpMBa o a ce6e C B o jy B Jia c TM Ty M 0 r y h H 0 C T 3a c m p t y H e ja c hmm 4>opMyjiau,MjaMa: ,,yMMpe ce m c m p t AOJia3M
H>e
M a Kpajy.
I103MTMBH0CT jaBHOr jeCTe
AMjajlHM HeraTMBMTOT
Ae UMpKy^apHO m Ha Taj h3hmh norpeujHo ? Obo je pai-bMBa TaHKa c b m x mmctmmkmx C M d e M a KojM noKymaBajy p ,a MMCJie c o n e C TpaH e cy6 je K T-o 6 je K T
pejia^Mje. X a jfle re p He M3MMHe np o 6 jie M y, ajiM npM-
TpMiue na ynpaBo ca Tanne r/ieAMUJTa oBe ABOCMMC/ieHe caAaujH>ocTM OHa pa3yMeBa npoui/iocT m 6yAyhH0CT. y c|DOKycy jaBHor , npoui/iocT m 6yAyhH0CT ce C M e m y p a B a jy y ca A a u jH > o c T .37 CaAauiH>ocT, ab o c m m c /ic h o caAa npoujMpeHo y ,,y B e K , jecTe HaHMH H eayTe H TM H H 0 C TM /im h ho ctm ; o n a je H eayTeHTM H HM m oAyc TeMnopajiHOCTM. / Im h h o c t, y 6encTBy o a ce6e, 6emM o a B p e M e H a , 6em M o a h m u jt3 b o c tm m o a BJiaCTMTe cyA6MHe KOja Tpe6a Aa 6yAe y npaBuy cm p tm . PaAMKajiHa MHTepnpeTauMja rHocTMMKe ApaMe
jim h h o ctm n a o C B O jy KpajH>y n p e T n o c T a B K y MMa M3JeAH aH aBaH>e jim m hoctm ca B p e M e n o M m HeraTM BM Te T O M , m M 3jeAHaHaBaH>e cnaceH>a c a c M p h y . JIm hh o c t ce MCHynjbyje C M p h y ne y T p e H y K a ^ a yM M p e Hero ca3HaBaH>eM ce6e o a noMeTKa Kao 6Mha Ka CM pTM . 3aTO LUTO C M p T 3 a X T e B a JIMHHOCT y H>eHOj HpajH>Oj M30JiaUMjM, OHa /lMMHOCTM OTHpMBB je C B e T, K a ^ a j e H>eHO B/iacTM TO 6MBCTBOBaH>e Ha k o u km, M 3 H e B e p a B a ; A a j e y C B O jo j KOHaHHoj TemH>M 6 a n e H a H a T p a r Ha c e 6 e , Ha h m lu tb . C T a / in o m C B ecH O CTO je h M y MMaHeHUMjM B/iaCTM Te c m p tm , /im h ho ct 3H a A a j e h>ho n p a B O 6MBCTB0BaH>e c n a c e H O (e n -
fl,Z
tris s e n ) CM pT tm
oa
ja B H o r . y3 M M a jy h M
C B O jy
M M 3H eH TH y
Ha c e 6 e , jim m h oct c e
/ Im h h o c t je
CBoj
BJiacTMTM He
MCKyn/byje MCKynMTejb.
6mtm ce6e oa
oa Ajim 3a
o c jio 6 o h e H -o A
MMn/iMUMpa
o c / io 6 o h e H -
M 3rH 3H CTBa
m M CK yn jbe-
H>a pa3BMjeHa je M M aH eH TH o M 3 AnnaMMHKe c T p y K Type jim h h o c tm . flon je TH03M C ApaMy BMAeo y je A HOM
npoTCTaBJbena y C B eTy,
j im h h o c t
06jeKTMBH0M
MMTCKOM
B pe M eH CK O M
CKJ10ny
r^e
CK/lOn
u jT a
6eCMMC/ieHO je
,,noc/ie cm p tm .
Tpam M TM
TpanceTMHKa MHTpenpeTauMja npasor 6MBCTBOBam er3MCTeHUMja/iHMX K a Te ro p M ja npMBMue, c a B e ctm m najie npnpoAe KapaKTepMCTMHHa je 3a tho CTMHKy M aHTMHOMMjCHy MMC30. KOHBep3Mja eTMMhmx y oHTOJiouiKe KaTeropMje npe cjiymM TOMe Aa c e h> mxob 3 H a n a j npeHarjiacM H e ro Aa ce cm 3h> m. Je p ano je HoeeK 6aMeH y er3MCTeH4Mjy nao H>a
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CMpmo m npnBo 6nhe, aKO je to HberoBa cyiuTMHap H>eroBe MHAMBMAya/iHe OA/iMKe cy ceHyH,AapHe ynphoc H>eroBoj o.HTOflouiHoj cyA6M, a hberoBa Ae/iaH>a cy CMHC/Iena caMo yHyTap X0pM30HTa H>eroBe HeonpOCTHBe HpHBHL^e H HOHaMHe CMPTHOCTM. CBana ayTeHTHMHa OA/iyna Ha Taj hbmhh npeMeuiTeHa je H3 06/iacTM eTMMKe CBpxe y 06/iacT ca3Han>a Ha H3MHH HOJH je HapaKTepHCTMHaH 3a TH03MC.
X a jA e re p o B nojaM ayTeHTHHHe ofl/iyKe nmje camo TpaHceTviHaH n e ro je no A e 4)HHnu,njM 0A/iyKa 6e3 n o 3 M T H B H o r c a A p m a ja m/im npaHTHMHHx HOHceKBeHL^n. 3 a X a jA e re p a c m p t je HOBeKOB KOHanHM xopn 30H T, a npaBo 6 viB C TB O B a H > e je KOHaMHO 6 m BaH>e-Ha-CMpTM. Ajim c m p t otkpm bb /imhhoct y H>eHoj anco/iyTHOj M30/iOBaHOCTM m OABaja je o a cbmx /byACKMX OAHOCa, K3KO MOpajlHMX T3KO m aMopa/iHnx. y TaKBOM cK/iony, penMrMjcne acn M pa^n je n a o n
e TM H ne HopM e n p e A C T a B A .a j y 6 eK C TB o / im h h o c tm oa
CTpaHOCTM m Ha Taj
H3HM H H > eH O j ayTeHTMHHOCTM Kp03 MCK^CTBO CTpenH.e (A n g s t). y A P y ro j Bep3MjM /imhhoct npoHa/ia3M n y r ao ce6e 0CTBapyjyhM ce y 3a6/iyAM (Irrtu m ). rioKasa/iM cmo Kano ce motmbm cTpenH>e m 3a6/iyAe Mehyco6Ho AonyH>yjy m nojanaBajy y rHOCTMHKOj n p M H M . 3aHMM/bMBo je npMMeTMTM Aa XajAerepoBa AMCKycMja 0 A n g s t m H.eroBa aHa/iM3a npo6/ieMa MCTMHe m 3a6/iyAe npMnaAajy mctom nor/iaB/by. A/im Aoh je y Sein und Zeit motmb CTpenn.e npeAOMMHaHTaH, to k XajAerepoBor Aa/ber pa3Boja noKa 3yje pacTyhy TeHAeHM,Mjy Ka ycpeAcpehMBaH>y amnme /lMHHOCTM m ApaM e noBecTM oko npo6;ieM a MCTMHe m 3a6/iyAe.
X a jA e r e p o B o c y n p o c T a B / b a H e je B p e jc K O -x p M U jh a -
c m p th o ctm ; AHCTHHKUMje M3Met]y McnpaBHor n norpeiiiH or noTM CHyTe c y y AOMeH ja B H o r". H noAJio m n a c H O , m npaBeAHO m H e n p a s e A H O , rypHyTM cy 6e3 pa3/iMHe y 06/iacT HeayTeHTMHHocTM m rpeLune. X ajAerepO B eTMHKM HMXM/lM3aM KOH3MCTeHTHMjH je rHOCTMHKe npeMMce o a rHOCTMHKor KOjM HMje C3CBMM OCyAMO npaKTMHHy cc{)epy Hero je npeAOHMO 3ajeAHM ny c;io 6 oahmx A yxoBa Be3aH;Mx /by 6 aB/by. Etmhkm HMXM/in3 aM paHor rHOCTMi4M3Ma 6mo je y 6/iameH ecxaTO/ioi.tJKOM H3AOM M n03MTMBH0M, aKO He M MMTCKOM, BepOM y o h o c OHe C Tp a H e noje je o6efiaBa/io ca3pmeHy A y x o B H y 3ajeAHM uy. XajAerep HyAM t o / im m jeAHOCT3BHM HMXM/lM3aM. He nOCTOjM nMTaH>e Tpa HClJ^eHAMpai-ba eTMHKMX hopmm h m tm anoTe3e h o b e n a npoAnpanbeM npo3 o r p a H M H e i- b a m h a mbm A y a/iiH o c t m , Hao LUTO je TO C/iyHaj y rH0CTMHK0-AM0HM3MjCHMM
a H TM H O M M 3M a
OA'Hocy
Ha
HCKOj TeO/IOrMjM M rpHKOj KOCMO/IOLU KOj OHTO/lOrMjM n o cTa je HajeM4aTMHHMje y H .er 0B0 M M3/iaranby npo6/ieMa MCTMHe. y o 6 MHajeHM nojaM BenHe MCTMHe HanaAH yT je Kao ocTaTa K xpMmhaHCHe Teo/iorMje y OKBMpy 4>M/10304>Mje K0j M HMje 6MO paAMKa/lHO MCTepaH .3 9 yneH>e o BeHHMM MCTMHaMa je Bepa 4>m;io3o4nje Koja npoM3/ia3'M M3 BepoBaH.a y BeHHor 6o ra, HOjM, ctbopmblum cTBapM no concTBeH O j 3ammc/im, Ha Taj HaHMH rapaH Tyje KOpecnoHAeHUMje M3Mehy cTBapM m MHTe/ieHTa. TeopM ja K o pecnoHAeHi^nje Tp a je o a ApMCTOTe/ia a o KaHTa. 3a MAea/iM38M, Kao M 3a pea/lM3aM, MCTMHa 3HaHM MCTMHy 06jeHTa 3a c y 6jeK T. MAeja aAeKBau,Mje npem ocTaB/ba Aa je o 6jeK T (cxB ah eH pea/mcTMHHM m /im na KaHTOB Tpa H cueH A eH Ta^aH h3hmh) ,,yBeK y p e A y ; Aa moryhH O C T MCTMHe m 3a6/iyAe m Ha Taj HaHMH onacHOCT oa 3a6/iyAe He zieniM y o 6je K Ty Hero caMO y cy A y o o 6je K Ty . y Tpa A H 4 M0Ha/iH0j enMCTeMO/iorMjM yHMBep3yM CTOjM HBpcTO; caMO c y 6jOKT Mome Aa no-
rpeuiM.
XajAerepoeo TpeTMpaHbe npo6/ieMa mctmhc 3acHOBaHO je H S L MHTepnpeTa^MjM TpM M3B0pa. (1) y Sein und Zeit Ha MHTepnpeTau,MjM npBor XepaK/iM-
Ky/1T0BMM3.
y cnMcy Was ist M etaphysik? (lllTa je MeTacj)M 3HHa?) rHOCTMHKM e/ieMeHTM cy TaKo OHMr/ieAHM Aa cy ra KpMTMHapM McnpaBHO cxb3tm/im nao anco/iyTH,M HMXM/iM3aM. Y OA 6p a H y oa TeKyhe KpMTnne, XajAerep je pa3BM0 nojaM KpeaTMB-Hor HMLUTa: yMec to 6p3onfleTor 0 A6ai4 MBaH>a Tora HMLiiTa, npe 6 m Tpe6a/io Aa ce npMnpeMMMO ,,Aa y TOMe HMLUTa mcKycMMO 0TB 0peH 0CT Koja cbmm CTBapMMa rapaHTyje
M 0ryh H 0CT Aa 6 y A y .3 8 XajAereDO BO npeAaBaH>e 6 m ce Man.e n o rpe uiH o pa3yMe/io (nao nyna AecTpyn-
T0B0r c{)parMeHTa m 0AH0cy M3Mehy ABa Ae/ia riapMeHMAOBe noeMe. (2) y H olzw ege na MHTepnpeTaLiMjM npBor nocTOjeher 4>M/i030(|)CK0r rhparMeHTa, HyBeHe AHaKCMMaHApoBe peneHMue. (3) C/ieAehM XepaH/iMTa, XajAerep MHTepnpeTMpa MCT'/iHy m 3a6jiyAy nao ,,OT-KpMBeHOCT (U n ve rb o rge n h e it) m CKpMBe'HOCT (V e rb o rge n h e it). XajAerep OTBapa npMiBaTMiBH'M MOAyc rpHKOr M3pa3a 3a MCTMiHy, a-letheia. IlpBM c/ior peHM aletheia jecTe ieAHO npMBarMBHO a/icj)a; mctmh3 3HaHM M3ByhM M 3 3a6opaBa (le th e ). Car/iacHO napMeHMAy, XajAerep MHTepnpeTMpa aletheia m doxa nao o h o u jt o je y CTBapHOCTM HywHo y y3ajaMH0M OAHOcy. Cpm MHTepnpeTau,Mje noeMe jecTe 4>yHKLjMja APyror Ae/ia: Aa /im riapMeHMA caMo onM>cyje norpeujHO MHeH.e HeKMx /byAm mjim je doxa MHTerpa/iHM Aeo c t b 3P h o c t m ? XajAerep noTBphyje Apyry MHTepnpeTau,Mjy. AHancMM aHApoBor 4)parM 6H Ta OTKpMBa o a h o c M3Mefjy Verborgenheit m U nverborgenheit kpo K0CM0r0HMjcKy ApaMy M3Mehv Sein m Seiendes. . Die S ew svergessenheit is t die Veirgessemhot des I Interschieds dos Seiins zum Se'ienden (,,3a6opaB 6MBCTBOBaH>a jecTe 3a6ooaB pa3/iMKe 6MBCTBOBaHa npeMa 6 m b c t ByjyheM ).40 3 a T o luto je /im h h o c t M3ry6/beHa 3a
V
y XajAerepoBM M cnMCMMa Mory c e npMMeTMTM A g e Bep3Mje 0CTpaH>eH.a-^MHH0CTM (caMO-ocTpaHaeHja), Koje cy, nocM aTpaHO M 3 rHOCTMHKe nepcneKTM Be, Mehyco6Ho HOMn/ieMeHTapHe. JeAHa Bep3Mja boam
[115]
Baita,
j im h h o c t
je y 3a6jiyfln. rioiuTo je
jih h h o c t
cy-
KipTBa CBeTa w e s e n h a ft v e rf a lle n d ), jim h H'Oc t je y HencTHHM. HemcTHHa je 3aKJiaiH>aH>e 6 m b lutm hckm
CTBOBaH>a. OBaj 3acTop Hnje caMo TaMa; o h MMa BJiacTMTy cBeTjiocT, BjiacTMTy npneyTHOCT, ,ja M H y cBeTJiocT HaKO 6n ce peK.no y mocTMHKoj npnHM. npncycTBO 3acTMpaH>a jecTe npncyTHocT cBeTa, 0H0r jaBHor". HencTHHa jaBHor CBeTa HMje MaH>e ,,peajiHa oa kicTHHe /ihmhoctm; y cTBapn, M epeno MepmiOM CTBapHOCTM, JaBHo je MHoro peajiHnje OA JIMHHOCTM. HJ'M'BOT y CBeTy y jaBHOM M Kp03 jaBHo jecTe Ha HannH 6jiyheH>a. MoBen ne ,,3anaAa" y 3a6/iyAy, jep oh je yBeK y 3a6/iyAM.
3 a 6 jiy A a
ja A H a K C M M a H A p O B o r c fjp a rM e H Ta A a je M O W A a n a j6 ojbM yBM A y H>eroBo 3HaHeH>e. C B e T , Kao T a n a B , 6 y A y h M T y Kao c B e T , j e c T e MujnaujeH. H M je o Baj mjim O H a j o a h o c y c B e T y M iu n a u je H , H e ro c a M a HMH>eHMua A a n o c T o je o a h o c m cBeAOMM o o m o p y hmctom H e ra TM B M Te Ty B p e M e H a . BMBCTBOBaH>e, B p e Me M HMUJTa c y MAeHTMHHM: CBeT 3HaHM pa3HOJlMk o c t n y re a A a ce 3 a ycTa B n p ro c e d e re BpeM ena m M 3 rp a A e yTB p h e H b a npoTMB C B e -n p o w A M p y h e r KpeTaH>a. A H a K C M M a H A p o B a H e n p a B A a cTB a pM c a c To jM c e y h>mxoboj" w e jb n A a M M p y jy , A a 0 C T a H y n p M c y T He m A a M3Apwe HeraTMBHo KpeTaH>e, HMuiTeH>e o h o ra HMUJTa. OHe c y M36aneHe M3 HMnera m 6aneHe na H e n e M y o a h o c h o n o K y iu a B a jy A a c e y c M A p e y H a jie T y B p e M e H a m 0 C T a H y C T BapM y c B e T y . ,,E x nihiJo omne ens qua ens fiiit";4 3 XajAerep 0B0 n ih il mmb c}3yHKUMjy AHaKCMMaHApoBor a p e ir o n . XajA e re p M H Te p n p e TM p a HMXM/iM3aM Kao yH y Tp a u iH > y jiorMKy 3anaAHe 4)iMJio3o4)Mje. 1-beroB HMXMjiM3aM, Ha 0 CH 0 B y K o ra je n o ja M cBeTa 6 mo 6 /iyheH>e a
ce TeMert.M y 6/iyheH>y:
u,apcTBy 3a6-
nyAe. 3a6jiyAa HMje jeAHOCTaBHO 6e3onacHa Teopnjca rpeujKa, Beh B/iaAa whbotom y cbmm H>eroBMM
cjiojeBHMa.4 1 McTHHa m 3a6jiyAa no cia jy nyAHO m c nyn>eHn HaroM. flojaM 6/iybeH>a je AnjajieKTHHaH: 6jiyheH>e y ce6n caApmn M0ryhH0CT HeranMje; neraunja ce tbko Mome OKpeHyTM npoTMB 6jiyheH>a caMor. Y OTKpnBaH>y 6jiyheH>a Kao 6jiyheH>a otbopeHa je MoryhHocT MCTH'He. U,ejia ApaMa jimhhocth peKannTy^MUje ce npo3 motmb 6;iyheH>a. /Imhhoct y CBery je y u,apcTBy 3a6jiyAe. H>0ho 6yheH>e je 5yhen>e H3 3a6.nyAe y MCTMHy Aa je CBeT uapcTBO 3a6jiyAe. OTKpnBaH>e HCTne pa3yMeBa ce Kao 6 y tieite Koje je npBM KOpan Ka cnaceH>y oa c BeTa Hao 3a6/iyAe. Kpyu,nja.nHo nviTaH>e r/iaon: 3aujTO je CBeT Kao TanaB (S e ie n d e s ) c x BaheH Kao 6kiBaH>e y 3a6jiyAM? Kano XajAerep Mome A a 3acHyje er3MCTeHU,njy cBeTa Kao moayc 3a6/iyAe? Monyhn oaroBop Ha obo mnTaite boam y AvijaneKTM'Ky M3Mehy
Sein m S e ie n d e , M3Mehy h m u j t 8 m CBeTa. J ouj o a BpeMeHa c n n c a S e in u n d Z e it n K a n t und das P ro b le m d e r M e ta p h y s ik , npeno3HaBaH>e flMCTHHKHMje M3Mehy S e in m S e ie n d e a ^ t o je nao HJtyq 3a pa3yMeBaH>e OHTO Jiornje. X a jA e re p je nonyujao Aa A o6jauiH>eH>e 3 a u u o S e in Mopa Aa 6 y Ae cKpnBeHO ca S e ie n d e ; 3auiTO je 6nBCTBOBaH>e HnujTa CBeTa. C s e T (S e ie n d e s ) npttMa CBojy CBeTjioct o a Hnnera (H n u iTa ) (S e i n ) : OHMrjieAHOCT, o t -
je
Ha rHOCTM HKOM
mc-
r iO B e c T je Ir r t u m (3 a 6 / iy A a ) y CMMCJiy S e i n s v e r g e s s e n h e i t ( 3a 6 o p a B a 6 MBCTBOBaH>a). A jim o b o 3 a 6 opaBJbaH>e HMje HexajiHa 3 a 6 o p a B H o c T ( V e r g e s s l i c h k e i t ) ; o h o HMje r e p u jK a " : D iie V e rg e s s e n h e liit d e s S e im s g e h o r t in d a s d u r c h siie s e lb s t v e r h u ll t e W e s e n d e s S a iin s " (,,3 a 6 o p a B 6 MBCTB 0 BaH>a np M na A a y caM M M c o 6 o m ca K p M B e H y c y im M H y 6 m b c tb o BaH>a ).44 S e in (H M U JTa ) ,,3 a 6 o p a B Jb a c e 6 e . n o ja B a caM O -3a 6op aB Jb aH >a (c a M o -iH e ra n M je ) 6 MBCTBOBaH>a on M ca H a je n a o e p o c h e 6 MBCTBOBaH>a; e p o c h e 3H ahm ,,a n s ic h h a l t e n ( , , y 3 AP H iaB aTM c e ) . ,,A -le t h e ia je paHM 3'HaK e p o c h e . y TO M e OHa m3B3mb8 O T-K pM h e c s e T a (S e i e n d e n ) nojM np B O y c T a H O B J b y je 3 a cTM p a H>e 6 MBCTBOBaH>a ." 45 C b c t m HM uiTa c y ca3e y y H y TpaujH >oj AujaneKTM U.M S e in -a . & m b ctb o b b H > e , y3AP* waBaH>eM m noHM Ban>eM y c e 6 M, O TK JbyH aBa c e 6 e m A a je c e 6 e n a o M e c TO 3 a n p M c y T H o c T c B e T a . noBecT je Ha Ta j hbhm h A o ra h a j y H a jy H y T p a u j-
KpnBenocT
c BeTa
Mopa
ce
n/ib t m t m
cKp'MBaH>eM
HMHera. O t k p m b c h o c t CBeTa m TOMe AOAe/bena 6 mCTpnHa, 3aTaMH>yjy CBeT/i0CT 6MBCTBOBaH>a. E m b c t B0BaH>e ce n o BjiaHM y o t k p mBb h o c t ce6e y C B e Ty. 42
PeMeHMu,a Das Seiin ervtzieht isich lindem es stich in das Seiiemde entb irgt (,,BMBCTBOBaH>e ce y c Kpahyje yKOJiMKO ce OTHpMBa y 6M BCTByjyheM ) je CTe HJbyH X a jA e re p o B o r nojM a AnjajieKTMKe M3Mehy HMiuTa n CBeTa, M3 nora o h pa3BMja cBOjy MHTepnpeTaunjy noBecTM. C a e T k o ) m y caM oj CBojoj o h m r/ieAHOCTM caKpMBa TeMejb jecTe y 6/iyhen>y: H>erobo
H>M jeM c p e A M U JTy 6 MBCTBOBaH>a, r A e c e o H TO JiorM ja m a H T p o n o jio rM ja je A B a M o r y pasjiM KO BaTM . MMUJJbeH>eM 6 M BCTBOBaH.a, HOBeK je yKJbyneH y ynyTpaujH.M npouec 6MBCTBOBaH>a. OBaj Aeo y aP^mm 6mbctboBan>a; to jecT, HOBeKOBa ecxaT0Ji0UJKa y jio r a , 6 y A yh M je cynpoTCTaBJbeHa H>er0 B 0M yMy, jecTe hoBeHosa cyuiTMHa.4 6
X a j A e r e p na3M A a pa3JiyHM CBoj o a X y c e p jiO B o r no jM M a epoche. Je p y X y c e p jio B o j c|)Mji030c})MjM e p o c h e 0 3 H a n a B a M eTO AO JioujK M npM H ^M n CTaB Jb aH>a y 3 a r p a A e M a T e p M ja jin o r c a A p w a ja a K Ta CBeoTM . Bejimkmm HanopoM X a j A e r e p n p e M H a H yje X y c e p jiO B M eTOAO/ioujKM npM HUM n y n o B e c H O -e c x a T 0 ^ 0 UJKy na T e r o p M jy . A k t e p o c h e n o c T a je mmtckm A o r a h a j y c p e A M iu T y 6 MBCTBoBaH>a. M , aok X e r e ji KOHCTpyMiue c y K i 4ecM B He n e p M O A e C B e TC K e n o B e c TM y C B e T jiy n p o rp e c M B H o r 0TKpMB3H>a a n c o jiy T H o r A y x a , X a jA e r e p M H Te p n p e TM p a n o B e c T y cxom m p e r p e c a m p a c n a A a , n a o nporpecMBHO caKpMB3H>e MCTMHe 6 m b c tb o Ban.a y noBecTM.
ca
H>er0B0M
CTBapHOuihy.
HAeja o BpeM eHy nao xopM 30H Ty 6MBCTBOBan.a jecTe npeTnocTaBKa 3a M3jeAHaHaBaH>e cB eTa m H>eroBe noBecTM c a 6jiyheH>eM m HaHMHMMa 6jiyheH>a. ri03MTMBMTeT CBeTa M 33CT0j (MJ1M ,,CTOn-CHMMUM , ano CMeMO Aa no3ajMMMo oBaj c}dm jim ckm M3pa3) jecy m o a v c m HOMCTMiHe. X a jA e re p o B a M HTepnpeTauM-
[116]
X a jA e re p o B o enoxa;iH o 6nBCTB0BaH>e je e cxaTO JIOUJKO-rHOCTMHKO y CBOM HeraTMBHOM OAHOUieH>y npeM a MaHnc|DecTOBahby noBecTM CBeTCKe noBecTM . Je p , 3aApmaBaHeM c e 6 e , 6nBCTBOBaH>e pat}a n e p n o A,e CBeTCKe noBecTM m y m cto BpeM e ,,o 6 e 3 6 e liyje CBoje 6/iaro". HcTMHa 6MBCTBOBaH.a o c ia je anco/iyTHo TpaHcu,eHfleHTa/iHa. HcTMHa HMje nporpecM BHo yTe/ioB/beHa y C BeT Hero ce ,,apwm c e 6 e . A o k je CBeT caM O-npeTB apaH .e 6MBCTBOBaH>a, MCTMHa 6mbcTBOBahba, c/imhho anc0/iyTH0M A y x y rH03Mca, o c Ta je noByMieHa m o 6 e 3 6 e lie H a caMMM 6MBCTBOBaH3eM m 3a 6MBCTBOBaH>e cm o. X a jA e re p o B KO H nenT ca M 0Hn0 B/iaHeH>a 6m bctboBaH^a noAcefia Ha MAejy 6o>KaHCKor nopMuaH>a y THOCTMHKOM MMCTMi;M3My KOjM Ce y/lMO y HeM3HKM MAea/iM3aM nyTeM lile/iMHroBe tjDM/i030c|DMje c/1060Ae. riojaM /imhhoctm Kao jeA H e oH ToroH CKe n o ie H u,Mje, m nojaM ecxaTO/iouiKe A paM e, u jto je HOBekobo MecTO np e Hero M ecTO npM poAe, CKopo fl,a ce jaB/ba Beti na noneTKy rHOCTMHKor MMLu/beH>a. MmTOJiouiKe KOCMMHKe cneKy/iauMje np a Te r/iaBHy TeMy KOCMMHKOT HMXM/1M3M3 y XajAerepOBM M K3CHMjMM CnMCMMa K80 M y CMCTeMMMa paHe rH03MC.
Platon, les G nostiques et les M anicheens, Paris, 1947; H. C h . Puech, ,,Le Maniicheism e y Histoire generale des religions Paniis, 1945. m Erlosung im Mainlichalismus , y Eranos Jahrbuch, ZCirich, 1936. 9 Peuch, op.cit. 10 Lidzbarski, G inza, der Schatz, oder der Buch der M andaer, Gotttlimgen, 1929, p. 383. 11 C lem ens A le x., Exc. ex Theod. 78,2. 1 2 M . H eidegger, W as a. M ., 1949, p. 31. ist M etaphysik?, Framkfurt grose
13 Sein und Zeit, pp. 328 29. 1 4 Ibid., p. 317. 15 Ibid., p. 317 8. 18 Ibid., pp. 43, 116, 129, 267. 17 Ibid., p. 175. 18 Ibid., pp. 43, 138, 176. 19 Ibid., p . 177.
llpeBeo ca eHrjiecHor
f ly u ia H T io p t i e B M li M M J ie y c H M f i
HanoMeHe
20 Ibid., p. 179. 1 M artin Heidegger, Kant und das Problem der M etaphysik, Bosnn, 1929. p. 187. 2 M artin H eidegger. Sein und Zeit, Tub'iingen, 1949, p. 190n. 3 Brief iiber den H u m an ism us , Bern, 1947, p. 63. 2 1 Ibid., p.199. 2 2 Ibid., p. 189. 23 Ibid., p. 271 24 Ibid. 2 5 Ibid., ip. 273 2 Ibid. 27 Ibid., p. 276. 28 Ibid., p. 275. 2 8 Ibid. 3 Ibid., p. 278. 3 1 3aHMMJbMBO je npMMeTMTM Aa XajAerep y jeAHOM o a CBOjMX npBMX o6jaBJbeHMx paAOBa ynyhyje Ha M ajcTepa EKxapTa y oAHocy Ha TeopMjy MCTMHe m T y M3pawaBa CBOjy HaMepy Aa HanMuie c}jmjio 3oc}3c Ky MHTepnpeTauMjy EKxapT0B0r MMCTMu,M3Ma ca noce6HMM Har/iamaBaH>eM npo6jieMa KopejiauMje cy6jeKTa m o6jeKTa. B mam D ie Kategorien und Bedeutungslehre des Duns Skotus, Tiibiingen, 1917, p. 232n.
4 CyiiiTMHCKM mocTMHKM CMep KjepKeropoBe TeojiorM je npMMeTMO je MapTMH By6ep y Dialogisches Leben, Zu rich, 1947. 5 Sein und Zeit, p. 21. o Ibid., pp. 21 22. 7 B mam Rudolf Bultim'anin, ,rDie Bedeutung d er neuerschlossenen mandaiischen und miamichaischein Ouellen fur das Verstandnis des Johannesevangellsm u s , Ze itsch rift fiir die neutestam entliche W issenschaft, X X IV (1925), 100ff. ManAejuM cy 6 mjim THOCTMHKa jeBpejCKa CeKTa MCTOHHO OA JopAaHa KojM cy npeACTaB/ba/iM napa/ie/iny nojaBy npMMTMBhom xpMLuhaHCTBy. llpeMa By/iTMaHy, m3 bopm 3a Je BaHtje/be no JoBany Ha/ia3e ce y MaHAejcKoj m m to JlOTMjM. 8 C TpyKTypy m o c TM H K e M M TO/iorM je pacnpaBjbajiM cy ByjiTMaH y op. cit. m y Das U rchristentu m , Ziirich, 1949; H. Jonas, G nosis und Spatantiker G e ist, Gottiingen, 1934; S. Petremomt, Le D ualism e chez
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f H o c iu u if U 3 a M u a / ix e M u ja
X. ljl. lilenapA
3 2 Dasein, MetiyTMM, HMje KOHanHa ocHOBa HeraTHBMTeTa, K ao o i t o 0THpnBajy XajAerepoBn c n n c n noc/ie Sein und Ze it; to je 6MBCTBOBaH3e (S e in ) cmo Hoje je n3jeAHaMeHO ca HMiuTa (N ic h ts ). 33 Sein und Ze it, p. 285. 3 4 W a s ist M etaphysik?, p. 36. 35 Sein und Zeit, pp. 153, 314 16.
CMrypHO ce He MOwe nopetin p,a je nociojajia e30TepnMKa CTpana ajixeMMje; a ^a je OHa HacTajia Met)y AneKcaHApm-baHHMa Apyror Bena Hame epe Kao pe3yflTaT MHTepaKu,nje paHe xeMMje m mocTMM,M3Ma M o r j i o 6 m ce npnxBaTHTn Manbe cnpeMHO ano cyAMMO no 3aBpujHMM npnMefl6 aMa y HeAaBHOM npnjiory obom Maconncy; TaKotie je OHnrjieflHO
A a x e Jie n c K a x n M e y T M K a HeMa HMKaKBe Be3e ca ajixeMnjoM m p,a ce MMe ajixeMMHap He
24.
42 Holzvvege, p. 310. 4 3 W a s ist M etaphysik?, p. 36. 4 4 Holzvvege, p. 336. 4 5 Ibid., 311. 4 8 lbid., p. 343.
Mowe ynoTpe 6 ibaBaTn 3a xejieHCKe xnMeyT e . riMcaL;, npo4). n. J\. Sa^apnjac 1 xotie pa noKame nopenjio m pa3Boj paHe xeMMje (chymeutike) y TpHKoj m xejie HCKOM ErnnTy; oh y rjiaBHMM upiaMa npaTM CTecjDaHMflecoB2 apryMeHT npoTHB BepTJiooBe M HTepnpeTauiije nannpyca m pyKonnca, Mafla noBpeMeHa ynyhnBart>a Ha Henoy3flaHe m Heo6 aBeujTeHe nncue KaKBn cy Xec{Dep n Tomcoh Mopajy M3a3BaTm 0npe3H0CT y norjiefly npnxBaTaH>a tmx apryMeHaia. Ako je OBa Te 3a MCTHHHTa, 3aKJbynaK 6 m Mopao 6 m tm cacBMM m c t m Kao m 3aKJbyHaK Tennja Jl. flejBnca3, HanMe, pa ce aJixeMnja BaH KnHe pa3BMJia Ten nocjie ycnoHa ncjiaMa; op, Tor BpeMeHa 3aHaTJiMje M 3 AjieKcanApnje cy pa3BMjajin npou,ece cnMyjinpahba cpe 6 pa m 3JiaTa ajin 6e3 MKaKBHx noKymaja npaBe TpaHCMyTaunje.
H a w a J io c T , o b o r j i e A n u n e He y3MMa y o 6 3 n p , m jih n o rp e u iH O MHTepripeTMpa, cJ d h jio 3 o4 )CK e Mfleje Ko je ce j a c H o M o r y p a 3 a3HaTn y HeKMM ofl HajpaHM jnx TeK C TO B a , KanaB j e
obhx
ayTopa,
x n M e y T M H a p a , ,,6 mie Bnuie mjim Mahbe noA y T w u a je M p e j i n r n j c K o r MMCTWun3Ma m ca Te H AeHUM joM p,a ce n p n p o f lH e n o ja B e n o n y jia p n u i y ynop e f)M Ba Hje M ca AoratiaHjMMa M3
JbyflCKor WMBOTa .4 OBe KHjnre" 6 mie cy 6 ejieuiKe n 3anncn HajpaHMjMX xejieHCKnx x n M e y T a Koje cy ycnejie pa n p e m n B e TeujKa
Bp e M e H a Koja cy BOflmia ycTaHOBJbaBaH>y
obom
er-
je je OTafla n a p a K T e p n c a ; io 3 a n a A H y ajixeMwj y . O n c e m a H a o k 3 3 3a o b o n p y w a HMK>eHnu,a A a c e nopeK/io BetiHHe cM M6ojia Ka cHe a jix e M njcK e jiM TepaType Mome Hatin y m h c tm h k o -p e jin r n jc K O M MHLU^eH>y rpH K O -em naTCK nx B p eM eH a 3 a n c T a , MaK m y paHHM T e K d o BHM9 KOje MOpaMO CM3TpaTM aJlXeMMjCKMM.
\A3mep,a p,a K a c H n ja 3anaflHa ajixeMMja nyA n ABe n p a Te tie TeM e: TpaH CM yTai4M jy n p o c T w x M e Tajia y 3/iaTO ( l l i t o c e CM a T p a jio nocjieflhbMM cTynhbeM y n p o u te cy ycaB piuaBanba, 0 flH 0 CH 0 n 0 H 0 BH 0 r H a c T a ja H ja ), m KBa3 M -p e jin rn jc K y KOHU,eni4njy n o H O B H o r p o t ie hba A y w e , n o c M a T p a H O Ha A p y r w HaHMH: A y x o b h o y c a B p uje h be . Y n p a B O c y OHe M3a3Bajie H a cTa H a K A B e e K C T p e M H e M H T e p n p e TaTMBHe uiKOJie Ko je c y n o c T o j a j i e n p e Hero lu t o c y B e p T ji o m K a c H n jn npoyMaBaou,n n p e y 3 e ji n n p B a 036 m bHM ja ncTpamMBart.a . J e A H a mKOJia, M aTe p nja jin cTM M Ka , n o c M a Tp a jia j e a jix eM M jy Kao x eM njcK M n p o i^ e c Kojn j e n o B p e M e H O CKpnBaH a jie ro p n jc K M n o Mofiy p e j in m jc K M X n c K y c T a B a , a o k je A P y ra, MMCTHHKa, M n c jim ia o H>oj Kao o A y x o B hom n p o u ,e c y Kojn je O A e H y T y je3MK xeMnje . O B a A B a rjieAHLUTa yrjia B HOM c y M 3 p a w a Bajia CTaHOBMLUTa, npBO , n p B n x M O A e p H n x H a y H H n x M HTepnpeTaTopa m, A P y r o , OKyjiTHCTa (yrjia B HOM TeosocjDa).
JeAMHO BejiMKO AeJio Ha e Hrjie cKO M je-
jn c y 6 m in AOCTynHH MaK m a o k je oh nncao (1 9 2 6 ); nao m H>er0 B0 OMajiOBamaBahbe mhom x M ncTMHKO-pejinmjcKMx MAeja, KOje cy ce, nano Hexpnm tiaHCKor nopeKJia, jiaKO M orjie acnMmioBaTM y MncTMHKa rjieAm iiTa KacHMjMX xpnuitiaHCKMx ajixeM M M apa. M orytie je Aa je MMao n p e A p a c y A e 3axBajbyjytin HeKpMTHHKMM cnncnM a a yTop a KanaB je Ha npnMep, ro cn o tja E TB y A -5 Met)yTHM, H^eroBo McnnTMBaHse 36 npKe B epTjioa m Pnejia 6 m io je AOBOJbHO HeKpnTMMHO Aa ra je H am ajio Aa Aotie a o xeM n jcK o r ycMepehba ajixeM nje jorn jane Hero u j t o je t o ypaAno BepTJio. 3aHMMJbMB0 je npnMeTHTH p,a je BajTOB caBpeMeHMK X. C. P eA rpoyB , no 06 pa 30BaHay xeM nnap y e c e jy noA HacjioBOM ,,I1oTpara 3 a KaMeHOM cjDHJio3 o 4 )a #, w3 Heo CTaB Aa ce ,,p e re H e p a u n ja MeTajia m h o b b na M ow e cMaTpaTM napajiejiHHM pa3BojMMa ABa acneK Ta Temhbe 3a jeAHHCTBOM yHyTap H ocM oca JeAHHCTBOM A yx a m w nBOTa . 3acH 0B aH e yrjiaBHOM Ha H>eroBoj n H T e p n p e Ta u n jn C M M 6 0 J l H K e CpeAHjOBeKOBHHX M KacHMjMX TeKCTOBa, Te3e PeArpoyBa c y , naKO hmcto cneKyjiaTMBHe, BeoMa njiay3n6MJiHe.
KacH M jM cpeAHsOBeKOBHM, peH ecaH CHM M
3MKy y KOMe je nonyujaHO p,a ce OA/iynn H3Mef)y ABa rvieAnujTa je c Te Ae/io A . E. BajTa: Ta jH a np e A a ja y ajixeM wjn. Y n p K o c BajTOBOj HecyMHjMBOj 6 pMJbaHTHOCTM Kao Ty Mana x p m u t ia H C K o r MMCTMU,M3Ma, H>eroBa ce
c,TyAnja Mopa CM aTpaTn n p o M a m a je M y
CBaKOM cJiynajy CBe a o k ce y o63np y3MMa ajixeM nja a o Kpaja peH ecaH ce. YKpaTKO, on 3aKJbynyje pa ce ajixeMMja M ow e cM aTpaTn BamHOM 3a pejinmjcKM MncTm4M3aM TeK noc jie noneTKa 17. Bena; a o T o r BpeMeHa OHa je 6 mia c a M o c T B a p xeMwjcKe n p a n ce . Y 3 n MajytiM y o63np BajTOBO no3HaBahbe a jix e M njcne j iM T e p a T y p e obo je AOCTa M3HeHat]y jy tie , naKO pa3Jio3M M 3rjieAajy AOBOJbHO OHnrjieAHM: OAcycTBO kpmtmmkot ncnnTMBahba 4dm ji03 0(|)ckm x n p n H ^n n a Ha KojMMa c y
ce 3acH HBaJie noKyLuaHe TpaH CM yTaunje;
nocTpeHecaHCHM t o k c t o b h , nocM aTpaHn H30jiOBaHO, AOBOJbHO c y HejacHM pa 6 m AonyuiTajiM 6 m io K3KBy cneKyjiaTMBHy MHTepnpeTau.iijy . Bmjio KanaB Tp a r MCTMHe y t 3 kbmm OKyjiThmm caH>apMjaMa Mome ce cMaTpaTM cacBMM cjiyHajHMM, je p ce koa npaBo r 0 KyjiTMCTe 06 jiMKyjytiM y M , Mano jiemTMMHO 0AB 0jeH oa 0 TK p 0 Ben>a He Mome HatiM hm y McnMTMBaHjy hm y MHTepnpeTa^MjM MCTopMjcKor MaTepMjajia. f la 6 m 3aKJbyni4M 6 mjim BajbaHM Mopa ce noKa3aTM Aa mmctmhkm ejieMeHTM, kbko c y npeACTaBJbeHM y HacHMjoj ajixeMMjM, npoM3Jia3e M3 paHMjMX aJlXeMMJCKMX M3B0pa TAe c y HaMXOBa 3HaHehba pau,MOHaJiHO o a ho cH O MHTyMTMBHO CXB3TJbMBa Ha OCHOBy M H T e jieKTyajiH e m AyxoBH e no3aAMHe To r BpeMeHa. y n o T p e 6 a M3pa3a ,, m m c t m h h o m ,, m m c TMUM3aM M o w e yB ecTM Heny a b o c m m c j i c h o c t ^ k o j im k o HMcy Aecf)MHMcaHM. O hm he OBAe 6 m tm orpaHMMeHM Ha MAeje HaApauMa
[119]
roaHCKor Koja je npeoB JiatiM Bajia y 0Apet)eh o BpeMe. CaMHM noKa3MBahbeM nopeK/ia Tak b h x MAeja y paHHM c|3a3aMa ajixeMMje m o weMO jieriiTMMHO 3aKJbynnTM Aa ce OHa 6aBmia HennM bm llih m Hero LUTO je MaTepnjajiHa BeuiTHHa npaBJbehba 3 j i a T a . U,mb je o b o t MJiaHKa fla noKawe Aa cy OBe MAeje HacTajie M3 cnaja4>a er30TepiiMKe ajixeMnje m p h o CTWJ,M3Ma.
oh je 6 mo 6e3 yTOMMLUTa, n epnyujTeH caMO jeAHOM M3Bopy 6 oroBMMa, o a KOjMX je TpamMO MCTMHy OTKpOBehbeM.
npouecn 3a noApamaBahbe cpe 6 pa ii 3JiaTa caMMH>aBajy ^eo TpaAHUHOHajiHe npance y ErnnTy 3a Kojy ce Bepyje Aa je nonejia oko 500. r. npe Hauie epe .7 yonmTe y3eB, MeTOfl 3a Kojii ce mmcjimjio Aa ra ohh iiMajy pa3JinK0Ba0 ce yHeKOJiMKO oa ohhx kojn cy oniicaHM y Ao 6 po no3HaTi/iM jiajfleHckiim i/ i ctokxojimckhm nannpycnMa, Mnjii cthji nncahba cyrepmue aa cy ohm cKynjbehh Her^e M3Mefty 250. m 350. roAHHe Harne epe, ii3 MHoro paHiijnx 3aniica .8 O a oko 200. roAHHe npe Hame epe MHH>eHii cy noKyujajn Aa ce npou,ecii noBpLuiiHCKor SojeHDa npomnpe Ha npaBy TpaHCMyTaniijy npiiMehbMBaH^a MeTOAa Kojn cy ce pa3Bmui Kao pe3yjiTaT TeopeTiicahba o yoMeHiiM npoMeHaMa. HeMorytie je t 3mho petiii Ka^a ce obo npBii nyT AoroAmio; BejiMaH9 je HaroBecTno Aa je npBn Morao 6 htii Eoji H3 MaHAa (oko 200. r. npe Hauie epe), MMje je Aejio o hwjaHCiipaHby MeTajia Baphika, Morjio cjiymiitii Kao M3Bop n 3a TexHMMKii caApmaj nannpyca ii 3a Teopnjy ii npaKcy caApmaHy y TeKCTy Flce^AO-AeMOKpnTa. HapaBHO, nocTojii MHoro ynaAibMBnx cjimmhoctm M3Met)y obmx Aejia, MaKO, KaKO npMMetiyje OecTMmMjep,10 3a ca^a HeMa AOBOJbHO AOKa3a p a ce HaroBecTM BMLue oa oBora.
O ko APyror BeKa npe Hauue epe rpMKM pai4MOHajiM33 M je n o jia K o onao .11 PacnpaBe
M3Metiy MHOTMX LUKOJia cj3MJ1030cjDMje BOAM-
ErMnaTCKM MMJbe je 6mo noce6HO n0 B0jbaH 3a T3K3B MMcaoHM npMJia3; ocBajahbe ErMnTa Koje je 525. r. npe Haiue epe M3Bplumo riepcMjaHai4 KaM6M3 boamjio je mhcJdmjiTpa^MjM MarMjcKMx BepoBahba, Koja cy, 3ajeAho ca opMjeHTajiHMM yTMi4ajMMa KOjn cy npaTMJiM noxoA AjieKcaHApa BejiMKor oa 333. ao 331. r. npe Hame epe, JiaKO noTnoMorjia hobo nieAMLUTe. Ca^a ce y Hayu,M TpamMJio 3HaHae O CKpMBeHMM OAHOCMMa M3Metiy npMpoAHMx o6jeKaTa o CMjiaMa k o je AeJiyjy Metiy H>MMa, m M3Metiy h>mx m BejiMKor yHMBep3yMa 3HaHse 3a Koje ce ocehajio Aa Mowe Aa Aotie caMo oa cbmmx 6oroBa. AcTpojiorMja je o6e36etiMBajia pemehbe; ycTaHOBMJiM cy je XajiAejM,M y VI BeKy npe Harne epe, m H>eHa je 0 C H 0 B a 6mo npMMMtmbhm aHMMM3aM, koj'm je, KaKO Kawe Kymoht, ycnocTaBMo cKpMBeHe m HeoMeKMBaHe OAHOce MMje je oTKpMBai-be m KOpMmtieH>e npeAMeT MarMje . . . /byAM cy MHAyKU,MjoM AomjiM ao 3aKJbyMHa Aa naK m Man>e 3Be3Ae m FbMxoBe KOH>yHKi4Mje MMajy oApetiene Be3e ca npMpoAHMM nojaBaMa m AoratiajMMa y jbyACKOM mMBOTy. y paHO Ao6a poAmia ce MAeja Aa KOHcjDMrypaMMja He6a oaroBapa nojaBaMa Ha 3eMJbM. CBe ce m Ha He6y m Ha 3eMJbM HenpecTaHO Meiba, m Bawmjio je MMtujbeLbe Aa M3Metiy KpeTahba 6oroBa rope m npOMeHa Koje ce 36MBajy OBAe AOJie nocTojM KopecnoHAeHHMja".1 2 Ty je nopeKJio 3aKOHa CMMnaTMje m aHTMnaTMje KojM, yTejioBJbeHM y rpMKO MMmjbehbe oa CTpaHe CTOMKa riocejAOHMja (oko 135 51. r. npe Hame pe), MMHe Aeo paHe ajixeMMjcKe TeopMje. HMje caMO CTOMi4M 3aM 6mo rjiaBHM xejiehckm npMMajiau opMjeHTajiHMx MAeja;1 3 oh je y cj3opMyjiMcaHDy TeopMje ajixeMMjcKe npoMeHe Mrpao B e t i y yjiory oa 6mjio Kor AP yror cjDM Ji030cjDCK0 r yBepeH>a. rio mom mmmjbeH>y, t o je 3aMCTa, Kao l u t o tieMO BMAet m , 6mo MHAMpeKTHM y 3poK 3a yBotieH>e THOctmmkmx BepoBan>a y ajixeMMjy.
Oa HapoMMTor 3HaMaja 3a ajixeMMjy 6 m -
Jie cy o 6 MMHor MOBeKa jeAHOM CKenTMMKOM npMJia3y, jep M y ce m m h m jio Aa MOwe nocTOjaTM caMo jeAHo m c t m h m t o oSjaniHaeHje MexaHM3Ma npMpoAe. OnoBpraBajytiM pa3yM,
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Ma yTB pt)eHMM TnnoBM M a n o M o fiy n H e y M e , oahocho M A y x a , Kojn y CBanoj b p c t h p ,e n y j e Ha cneuMcfjMMaH HaMMH. H a n e j i o no noM e j e n H e y M a A ejiOB ajia y HeKOM nojeAMHOM 6 nfiy Ha3B3H0 j e cn e p M a T M K O c J io ro c , o a h o c h o ,,c e M e H CK a <t>opMyjia ; o h o n o A p a 3 y M e Ba A a ce p e n p 0 f ly K 0 BaHbe A a T o r Tnna o a b h ja M3 ,,c e M e H a n o M o t i y n p n M o p a B a jy t ie motin z ioroca , Kojn ce c x B a T a o Kao pau,MOHajiho o p r a H M 3 y jy t ie HaMe/io 3 a c H 0 B a H 0 y 6 0 * JKaHCKOj MHTe^HreHUMjM. npOLUHpHTM OBO Ha CB eT MMHepa/ia, kbko cy t o ^mmhmjim a/ixeMMMapn, 6 mo j e je ^ H O C T a B a H KopaK.
3a CTOMKe nHeyMa je HacTajia Kao Aeo Bora Kojn je 6 no BomaHCKa BaTpa ( H e c y M HdMbo nHcniipncaHO M^ejaMa XepaKjiMTa). Ka^a ce Aeo BomaHCKe BaTpe KOHAeH3yje n orpy 6 n, ry 6 n ce H>eroBa 6 omaHCKa npnpop a n oh ce jaB^a y o 6jiMKy ,,ejieMeHaTa , Ba3flyxa, Bo^e m 3eM/be, M3 Kojnx npeocTana BomaHCKa BaTpa (Kao ,,Ae/iaTHM y M ) 06 ziwKyje kocmoc. y cpeAnuJTy je CBeT, Ae/inmmmho noKpiiBeH OMOTaneM BomaHCKe BaTpe H3 Kojer Bor, y o 6/inKy nHeyMe, npoflnpe m npo^KMMa uejiy MaTepnjy. KoHaMHO, kocmoc tie npeTpneTM yHmiiTeH3e BomaHCKOM BaTpoM, ajin tie ce n 0 H0 B0 nojaBMTM y cTym-beBMMa M3 npeocTajior ,,ceMeHa Ae/10BahbeM n H e y M e .14 HeKM o a H a jpaHM jnx a / ix e M n jcK u x T e K CTOBa oc/io 6 o tie H n cy o a MMCTHMKor caflpma\a, Ha 0 CH 0 By n e r a ce m m hm p,a oh HMie 6 H0 cjDOpMy/lHCaH Ha (|jmi0304)CK0j OCHOBH n p e H e ro j e a c n M m i O B a o MMCTHMKe Mfleje m jim npe H e ro cy ra, 6 a p e M AejiMMi/iMHO, cmm6 ojimmkm y c B o j m i n mmctmmkm KpyroBM. UJTaBMiue, n o c To jM cBeflOMaHCTBO, y o 6jimKy ^ e j i a Koja j e oct3bmo r i c e y A O - A e M O K p M T , m jim ^ e j i a Koja My ce n p M n M cyjy, KOja n o n a 3 y j y p,a je ajixeMMja y cBOjMM noMeTHMM CTaflMjyMMMa dm a o c j i o 6 otie H a o a pejiMTMj* CK or MMCTMU,M3Ma, M a ^ a nofl yTMu,ajeM o a pet]eHMX opMjeHTajiHMx Mfleja npMnMcaHMx n epcM jc KO M M a r y O c T a H y .15 Ha 0CH0 By aHajiM3e AeMOKpMTCKMX cfcpanMeHaTa <t>ecTM>KMj e p 16 je y c T a H 0 BM0 y j i o r e Ko je cy MrpajiM
x e M M jc K o r n o c T y n K a . f l a 6mcmo M3rpaflM/iM KOMn/ieTHy m n/iay3M6M/iHy c/iMKy a/ixeMMjC K or n p o u ,e c a k o p m c h o je OBOMe AOflaTM ctoMMKe Mfleje 0 n H e y M a m c n e p M a m K o c jioroc. rio/ia3etiM op ^ a T o r n p o c T o r MeTa/ia, m /i h MeujaBMHe t 8 kbmx MeTa/ia, H y w H o j e , npe C B e ra , Ae/ioBaKbeM To n /io T e yK/ioHMTM cne u,Mc{DMMHe o c o 6 MHe. U,phm, /lMBeHM Ta/ior OM M r/ieflHO je , Ha 0 CH 0 By c B o r ommtot HeAOCTaTKa o c o 6 MHa, n o c M a T p a H Kao 6e3o6/iMMHa p rim a m a te ria . Ilo CTOMMKOj HOMeHK/iaTypM, MaTepMja/i j e , , y 6 MjeH ; y H>eMy j e ocT a /10 cKpMBeHO ,,ceMe K o je 6 m ce, noroAhmm xeMMjcKMM n 0 C T y n K 0 M y cK/iafly ca 3aKOHMMa CMMnaTMje, m o m o fla jbe pa3BMTM. 3a B p e M e 0 B0 r pa3BOja nocTMmyTe HOBe oco6 MHe MecTo cy 6 MJie Jiano A O C T y n H e 0 Ky Ha n p M M e p , hm3 n p o M e H a 6 o je , o MeMy je pacnpaBJbao XonKMHC.17 Y o bom npou,e cy n p M M o p a B a jy tie flejiOBaFbe n H e y M e noT n o M O m y T O je , Kao y jkm botmhjCkom m 6 M/bH0 M C B e T y , 3a/iMxaMa To n /io T e m B/iare. flo noT p e 6 M A O A a B a H a j e Ma/ia KO/iMMMHa 3JiaTa K o je 6 m A e jio B a jio Kao ,,ceMe . Tano je np oy 3 p 0 K 0 B a H pa3BMTaK, o a h o c h o pereHepau,Mja, 3a KojM c e mmcjimjio p,a j e y u .e M y n p o M3BefleH0 3JiaTO ca B p iu e H C T B o MMHepa/i-
M 3 M et)y
rH O C Tnu,M 3 M a
a jixe M M je
Cjia 6jbeHDe pau,M0Ha/iM3Ma m KOHceKBeHTHa B e p a y Moti 3 HaHia n y T e M 0 T K p 0 BeH>a kojm cy HenocpeAHO n p e T X 0 AMJiM xpMmtiaHCKOj epM H a jn p e je 6 mo o 6 ejiemeH Ha n o jb y peJlMTMjCKe MMCJIM.
flo II Bena Hame epe noKpeT je aoctmrao CBoj Bp^^Hau, y cJdopmm mocTMUM3Ma m nocjie Tora onao npefl pacTytioM xpMmtianCKOM On03MU,Mj0M. l l 0 peKJ10 mOCTMU,M3Ma n 0 KpMBeH0 je t3mom; Zlaj3eraHr 18 m Apym CMaTpajy ra otpomhmm CMHKpeTM3MOM Kora je Mctok cHa 6 Aeo pejiMmjcKMM MaTepMjaJlOM, a rpU,M cf)MJ1030CjDMj0M. hbMXOB OChobhm npMH^Mn 6 mo je BepoBahbe pa ce npa-
cjieAetiM ejieMeHTM: yMeHje 0 jeflMHCTBy MaTe p M je , apMCTOTejiO BCKa K O H ^e n u M ja n p o M e He Kao p e 3 y ji T a T a HaMeTahba , , o c o 6 MHa pr?m a m m a t e r i a m , m MHBOKau,Mja 3aK0Ha cmmna TMje npMJiMKOM M36opa 0 A r 0 B a p a j y t i e r
BO 3HaH>e (rHO CM C) MO^e AOCTMflM CaMO OTKpoBeHbeM Koje Aaje BowaHCKM Bor, eKCTaTMMKMM MCKyCTBOM KOje A0J183M ,,Kp03 OM M Aym e .19
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Flpo6.neM HOMe c e MOBe flyro cynpoTCTaB/bao 6mo je nopeH/io 3/ia, m noHymaBa* jytiM p,a ra peme rHOCTmi,n cy 6 m/im cyoMehm c a flBa nnTaHba. A h o 6h 3/io npe6 kiB ajio y MaTepnjn, m CTora y caM OM MOBeHy, nano ce CTBapahbe CBeTa Mome npnnncaTn jeflhom 6ecKOHaM HOM , A y x 0 B H 0 M Bory nojn je c a B p m e H ? M Aa/be, 3 a m TO 6 n Ta n a B C t b o pnTe/b ao3bo/im o nocTojahbe rp e x a , m h o jnM 6 m ra c e cpeflCTBMMa MOBen Morao o c /io 6o ah tm ?
cTape napTe cBeTa no3Hor cpeAHier Bena. ro to b npMMep je OHa noja je Haq,pTaHa y
BM3MjM XM/iAerapA M3 BMHreHa (1098 1178), m Kojy je ormcao npoc})ecop Cmhr e p .21 A eTa/bHM npMKa3M U,pKBeHMX O Ta u ;a ja ch o n o K a 3 y jy AOM M HaHTH y y / io ry n o jy Mrpa CTOMUM3aM, n o c e 6 Ho y yMert.MMa a/iencaH A Pmj'ckmx m o c TM K a Ba3M/iMAa, Ba/ieHTMHa m M a p K O C a . HapOMMTO C y MCT3KHyTM ctommkm HOjMOBM nHeyM a m cnepM aTMKoc jio r o c ; na o m TO C a m a p n p M M e fiyje 22 ohm 3ajeA H O cj>opMMpajy no3aA M H y Ha n o jo j c y cKMu,MpaHe A O K TpM He, HapoMMTo Ba/ieHTMHau,a. M ano c y ctomli,m 3acTyna/iM nojaM Ayuue Koja je M3maHa y MaTepMja/iHO Te/10 , OAaK/ie OHa myAM pa n o 6 e m e m noHOBO c e c je AMHM C BomaHCTBOM MMja je MCKpa, OH c e MO" m e HatiM m y paHMjMM BpeMeHMMa y a o tmm s o m a s e m a opcj^MMapa23 o a koj'mx c y je ycBojM/iM nMTaropeju,M.
Ha ma/iocT, caMo je Heno/iMHo mocTMMkmx Ae/ia m cjDparMeHaTa ocTa/io ao AaHac, m Aa 6mcmo BMAe/in Kano cy pa3He c e K T e no-
Kyma/ie p,a OAroBope Ha OBa nnTaHDa Mopamo ce OKpeHyTM cnncnMa UpKBeHnx O TaM ,a nao mTO cy MpeHej ( o k o 133 203), Xmno/iMT ( o k o 220) i/ i H/ieMeHT A/iencaHApnjckm ( o k o 155 220), koj'm cy cbm 6m/im BeoMa Ao 6 po yno3HaTM c HaMe/iMMa mocTMMHe jepecM, y MMjeM cy no 6 MjaHby aKTMBHo yMecTBOBa/lM. Oahocm M3 Mef}y Bora m rpexa, c jeAHe CTp a H e , m MOBena m rpexa, c APyre, Mory ce CBM HatlM y tJjaHTaCTMMHMM KOCMOrOHMjaMa ceKTM. Hano ce 3HaTHO pa 3/iMKyjy y AeTa/bMMa, OHe cKopo c B e , y cymTMHM, MMajy 3ajeAHmmkm n/iaH. HajBMmM Bor je TpaHCL^eHAeHT3h; MCTaB/baHjeM HM3a eMaHaq,Mja O h je ctbopmo MH0 mTB 0 hmwmx 6 owaHCTaBa, Ha3b3hmx Eohm, KojM cy nepcoHMc{)MKai4Mje OCO6MHa BowaHCKe /immhoctm. YHyTap OBe He6ecne CKynMHe, oahocho ll/ ie p o M e , AomAMO ce npecTyn koj'm je pe3y/iTMpao naAOM Ma^ e r 6 ow aHCTBa; Ae/iOBahbeM 0 B0 r Mai-ber 6owaHCTBa HacTaje MaTepMja/iHM CBeT, yK/byMyjytiM m MOBena, nojM y mcto B pe M e yMeCTByje y rpexy CBor HM ^er cTBopMTe/ba, oahocho AeMMjypra. ripMpoAa 0 B0 r noc/ieAH>er 3HaTH0 ce pa3/iMKyje oa ceKTe ao ceK Te. R a 6m ce Mor/ia BpaTMTM M3Bopy M3 nora je aorn/ia, MOBeKOBa Ayw a ce Mopa OABOjMTM oa MaTepMja/ia y KojeM je 3aTBopeHa; obo ce MOH<e np0y3p0H0BaTM noMofiy &owaHCKor /loroca (oahocho pa3yMa) nojM ce noKa3yje y o 6/iMMjy XpMCTa, 0Te/i0 B/beH0 r Kao Mcyc, KOjM fie CBOjMM OTKpOBeHaeM o6e36eAHTM m o c n c n y Te M n o je 6 m A y m a Mor/ia A a aocTMme BomaHCKy ri/iepoMy .20
H a ^a ce OBaKBa rpaHAno3Ha cxeM a M/iyCTpyje AnjarpaM OM , OHa noA ce tia Ha MyAHe
H o a cbmx k.mx Har/iameHo je BepoBanie y jeAMHCTBO CBeTa, noje npoM3/ia3M M3 noMeTHor 3paMeKba BomaHCKe nHeyMa, jeAMHc tb o ca xMjepapxMjaMa ,,Kao nocTe n e H o nehbytioj cna/iM caBpm eHocTM noje c y nocTaB/i>eHe jeA H e HaA A P ym M a . . . 24 C B e CTBapM c y jeAHO, OHe H acTajy M3 Je A H o r m BpaTMtie ce JeAHOM OTyAa ce CTa/iHO nojaB/byje HaTnMC h e n t o p a n .25
Hao uiTO cmo BMAe/iM, a/ixeMMja m m o CTMI4M33M cy no nopeK/iy 6 m /im MCTOBpeMehm m o 6 oje cy ce y Be/iMKoj MepM ocna\banv\ Ha MCTy TaAa aKTye/iHy cj)M/i030cj)Mjy CTOM^M3aM m opMjeHTa/iHa yMehba. HMje M3HeHatiyjytie Aa c y ohm Metjyco 6 Ho 6 m /im CHamHo noBe 3aHM; JlajAeHCKM nanMpyc X, Beti cnoMeHyT nao je^aH oa paHMX M3Bopa MHct)opMau,Mja o npaB/beHDy 3/iaTa, caMMH^aBa Aeo 36Mpne Koja je HecyMK>MBO npMKyn/beHa ca m ctot M3Bopa. JeAaH nanMpyc M3 0 Be 36MpKe, nanMpyc V , caAP^M c})parMeHTe o MeTa/iypmKMM ynyTCTBMMa 3ajeAHO ca MamjcKMM peMMMa m MHKaHTau^MjaMa 3a koje je BepT/1026 CMaTpao Aa noTMMy M3 MapKocoBe mocTMMKe mno/ie. Jom jeAaH oa
obmx nanMpyca, W , caApmM yr/iaBHOM mo-
CTMMKe M3pa3e KojM MMpMmy Ha yMeH3a MapKoca m KapnoKpaTMjaHau.a .27 Mmhm ce Aa je ri0Be3aH0CT nocToja/ia cnopo oa noMeTKa a/i-
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xeMMje,
H p e H e je B O M ron y n a 3 y je
an oferon Man
(y 3 H O C M Tn ) m y sursu m
m katofe K O ja
/leno.
Kao n CTOM4 M, m m ocTn m n cy kopmctmnv\ a/ieropMjcHM MeTOA n3JiaraHba m noKa3nBanv\ npe3np npeM a cTBapHocTM . floM enaBlum ce HeHor n oroflH or MaTepMja/ia o 6 mmho MMTCKor m/im 6 M6/iMjCKor ohm c y nOTnyHO MmopMca/iM MMH>eHMM,e m 6 aBM/iM ce MCH/byMHBO CMM60 /IMMKMM 3HaMeHjMMa MCtmh 3a Hoje cy mmc/im/im p,a ce Ha/ia3e cnpnBeHe y hbMMa. A/ixeMnja je HyAn/ia HaPOMMTO n/iOAHO no/be ca Hora c y Mor/in p,a M3B/iaMe c/immhoctm; 3acH0BaHa Ha mctmm c{3h/io3oc}dchmm nflejaM a, OHa je , LUTaBmue, npeBOAn/ia OBe nfleje y npaKTMMKe M3pa3e Hojn c y 3a mocTMMHe M H TepnpeTaTope o6e36et)MBa/in 6 oraTCTBO c/iMHOBHTor M aTepnja/ia.
(h m 3 x o a h tm ),
K O H O Ta u ,n jn
Ha K p e Ta H je :
a d vo la n tiu m
et d e o rsu m tiy y je
d i v e r g e n t i u m . 32 M 3 p a 3 n :
npeMM-
opraH CKM M ( c e M e ,
y-
CarHap cy
m H > e ro B o r c/ieA 6e 6 n / i a je
Hnna T e o A O T a . C e H T a
Ha B p x y H u y 3HaTM M o r/ iM
oa
B a/ieH TH H aua
npBe n 0 / i 0 B M H e A P Y -
y CB0j 0j cjajHOj CTyAHjH O Ba/ieHTMHCHOj m o 3M, OTa^ O . M. M. C arnap 28 yna3ao je Ha Heno/inHo c/immhoctm noje cy mor/ie 6 MTM no3ajM/beHe M3 a/ixeMnje. Bpeflho je HaBecTn BetiMHy hberoBnx oueHa o obom npeAMeTy: ,,M3pa3 ebulliens, nojn ce npnnncyje CocjDnjn (EoHy, M yA p o cTn ), noAcefia Ha jeAHO oa H/iacnMHiix cpeflCTaBa 3a OABaja^be MMCTor oa HeMMCTor. y a/ixeMnjn, LUTaBmjje, Ayx (to pneuma) 03HaMaBa npom3boa c y 6/iMMaunje, ncnapehbe", aoh to pan 03HaMaBa u,eo npouec. C y 6/iMMau,Mje m AecTM/iau,nje ce y 0 B0j 06/iacTM o 6 mmho 03naMaBajy ca rope m AO/ie'*. To cy ynpaBo M3pa3M c HojMMa ce cpetieMO npn/innoM M3patiMBaHaa CBeTa noje Bpnin fleM n j^pr: ,,/iaHM m TeniHn, ohm hoj'm ce neFby Ha Bpx m ohm KOjM TOHy fl,0 AHa .29 C 063MP0M Ha OBO H3patiMBahbe, A e M n jyp r M3r/ieAa nao npaBH a/ixeMMMap HojM pa3ABaja noMemaHe cyncTaHue m Hojn, nao ujto cmo pen/in, ,,OTe/iOB/byje HeTe/iecHo . C n m a u oA/iOMan M3 MseoAa M 3 TeoAOTa 30 6 e/iemn Aa oh OABaja ,,mmcto oa ,,TeujHor , oa ,,6/iaThbaBor", oa ,,MyTHor . Obo noAcetia Ha AenaHTauMjy .31 1 / 1 TencT H3 Kibiire llocTaHKa, nojn hbboah TeoAOT, ,,Ayx Bomjn AH3ame ce HaA boaom , ynpaBO obom peMM nHeyMa (A yx) npn3MBa c y 6/iHMaLj,njy, oahocho AecTM/iauMjy; Tano, Ha hctm HaMMH, n epifersthai ( n p M H O C M T n ) , luto TeoAOT npnnncyje ,,mhctom , aoh hipofersthai (noAHOCMTn) 0A r 0 Bapa Te/iecHOM. To, Ao 6 po npeBeAeHO Ha /laTHHCKM, TaMHO 0A r 0 Bapa
ro r Bena, Ta n o ca 6mtm
pa
c y ohm
Mopa/in
6m th ynoH ojM
cy
nacHMje
100.
O A M a x Tpe-
m c
H ara-
l^ a H b e M m H O /iy OBa
cM em TeH a
npBM B e n
noce6H0 hoj'm je
Je B p e jn e .
Har/iacan
u j H O / ia C T a B M / i a
Ha A e cTM /ia u M jy m
cy 6cayno-
3 a M3-
visvnepa
n0TnyH0 n o jM cy
ca
ctm /iom
no petjeH D a
Tp e 6 /b a B a /iM Ba/ieHTMHCHM
th o ctm u m .
ho j ' m
Metiy
ce
ho jm x
TencTOBM M a
cy
n o ja B M / iM
O TnpM /iM H e 6 m /i o
m cto
BpeMe, H 3
cy
no3ajM/bMBa/iM je HenMx
cny
/i e.
Te p M M H o / io m jy ,
a/ixeMnjn o jM cy no-
Ha
cy obm
tohctobm
3H3TM
M3 H a B O A a y
o a m
p y K o r i M C M M a , HOJH
M3 a / i x e M M j c K o r C TM / ia
cM M 6o/iM He
Ha
0CH0By
c a A P ^a ja 6 m /i m je ca
Ae/ia
a/ixe MM HaCMrypHom -
nv\
He;
6 m /i m M/iaHOBM t h o c t m h B e o M a CHajHHO
Ha t o
ynyV
ynoTpe6a
cM M 6o/iM 3M a. npaHTMMHoj
c / i y M a j y , y n o T p e 6 / b e H a cM M 6 o / iM K a c/iyM ajeB a
cTpa*
yM e tia , cacBM M
H a c y n p o T c n M C M M a a/ixe-
[123]
MHMapa H3 IV BeKa, rfle ce npaca ao TaBa M M HM MaHbe BaHHHOM. MHore oa mocTMMKnx cnM6ojia noje cy ycBojmin paHM anxeMnnapn onncao je Bept/io.3 5 JeflHO o,a HajnHTepecaHTHMjMx Aena 3a CBpxy 0 B 0 r MJiaHHa jecTe K/ieonaTpnHa Chrysopoeia, y KOMe ce nojaB/byje yp o 6opoc, OAHOCHO 3MMja Hoja ryTa CBOj pen. Cmm6 o n m a 3Mnje je ^peBHor nopeK/ia; xeneHMcTMMKa acTpo^omja 3Hana je 3a 3Miijy, draco caelestis BaBnnohbaHa m Kaflflejaua, Koja
je npeflcraB/baHa KaKO o n a c y je He 6 o aok
ypo6opoc npaTM BapnjaM,nja MCTor cmm6 o/ia Koja ce cacTojn oa npcTeHa cacTaB/beHor oa Tpn KOHueHTpnMHa Kpyra, oa Kojnx cno/bHM HMa pen, aok cy y ueHTpy n/iaHeTapHM cmm6 o/im 3a 3/iaTo, cp e 6 po w mnBy.
YHyTap ABa npocTopa Kojn cy cjDopMnpaHM KpyroBMMa ynncaHM cy aKCMOMM: JeAHO je 3Mnja KOja MMa cBoj OTpOB y CK/iaAy ca p,Ba cacTaBHa Ae/ia n JeAHO je CBe m Kpo3 H>era je CBe m H>MMe je CBe m ano HeMauj CBe, CBe je HrnuTa '1.40 CBe obo mnso noAcefia Ha oc})mtckh AnjarpaM APseTa, Koju OpnreH onncyje y Contra Celsum .4 1 O A M a x a o Ma/ionpe noM eH yTnx cnM6o/ia Ha/ia3M ce 3Be3Aa yKpaujeHa ca ocaM 3paKa, 6e3 cyMH>e M3BeAeHa H3 A PeBH or acnpCKor cnM6o/ia 3a cyHu,e. rHocTMMKe c / ih m h o c t h ca obmm cy Ba/ieHTHHCKe, HapoMMTo ynoTpe6a 6poja 8, Koja noA cefia Ha rp yn y o a ocaM EoHa Ha3BaHy O rA oaA a. A p y m cjDparMeHTn TeKCTOBa npnnMcaHMx K/ieonaTpn 42 Aw janor KneonaTpe n tfjiino 3oc})a m A n ja n o r KoMapnja c a A P ^e mhCTMMKe TeMe Koje ce Mory TyMaMMTM Aya/incthmkm. Ohm ce Mory cxBaTHTM Kao Aa ynyfiyjy Ha CMpT m n 0 H0 BH0 owMBn>aBahbe Ayme mv\, CMM6 onnMHM, Ha cm pt m ,,owmbn>aBaHDe MeTana, mv\ MOhKAa Ha o 6 e cTBapn, jep nncau, noKa3yje TaKBy C K n0H 0CT na mhctmmkom Aa ce Mopa 3aK/byMMTM Aa je npnnaAao mocTMMKoj ceKTi/i.
rpn3e CBoj pen. MetiyTMM, yp o 6opoc Hec^MFbMBO noTime oa cyHua-3Mnje cpeHMMaHa.36 HbeH Ayr m m b o t , yflpyweH ca cnoco 6HOLufiy jo,a ce ro flm iiH je p a 3 M H O w a B a , b o a h o je npnxBaTaHsy cyHMeBe 3MMje Kao cnM6o/ia 3a KOCMMMKM WHBOTHM BeK. Hafla je yCT3HOB/beHa npeflCTaBa 3MMje Koja npomflMpe ce6 e, aHa/iomja ca c t o m m k m m yMeH>eM o k o c m m m k o m CTBapaH3y H3 BaTpe m yHmLiTeH>y BaTpoM d m a je ynoTnyhbeHa, a jeflHHCTBO n p o ueca Har/iaiueHO je npaTetiMM HaTnncoM hen to pan. Mefiy npBHM mocTMMKHM ceKTaMa 6 m/io je H e K n x Koje c y 6n/ie o6ohKaBaTe/bn 3MMje n K oje cy c/ieflC TBeHo TO M e Ha3BaHe o4)mtm (rp M K n: ophis 3 M n ja ) m in HaaceHM (je B p ejcKM: nachash 3 M n j a ). y n o T p e 6 a cmm6o/ia 3MMje pa3/iMKOBa/ia c e o a ceKTe a o
c e K T e ; HeKMMa j e OHa 03HaMaBa/ia C B e T C K y A y m y Koja o 6 y x B a T a CBe v \ pafia CBe lu t o n o c T o j n ; A p y m M a je OHa CMM60/iu30Ba/ia m\A XpncTa m /im C o 4 ) n j y , aok cy j e Tpefin MfleHTMCjDHKOBa/lH Ca HaMe/lOM 3/ia.37 r HOCTMMMe r e M e w aMy/ieTH Ha KojMMa je y r p a B n p a H a 3MMja M o r y ce BMfleTn y mhotmm My3ejcKMM Ko/ie Ku nja M a .38
^OBO/bHo je peMeHo Aa ce noKame Aa je y6p30 nocne nojaBe npBor anxeMnjcKor TeKCTa Ha Aeny 6no mocTMMKM yTm;aj, npeMAa HberoBo 0AcycTB0 M3 Aena APyrnx anxeMMMapa He noAP^aBa MAejy Aa cy HeKM anxeMMMapn, nano He cbh, m caMM 6nnn MnaHobm mocTMMKe ceKTe.
IV BeKy paBHOTema M3Mefiy mocTHMm anxeMnjcKMx ca A P ^a ja anxeMnjcKux TeKCTOBa ce M3MeHnna. y A ennM a 3 o c n M e M3 riaH on on n ca ( o k o 300. r. Hame epe) o b o je BeoMa eBHAeHTHO. llpaKTHMHa CTpaHa bmme He npeoBnafiyje; noBpeMeHO ce mmhm Kao A a ce ca^ a pa3M aTpajy MAeje mocTMKa 3a Kora anxeM nja MMa orpaHHMeHy npnBnaMh o c t o c m m ano He nnycTpyje H>eroBa m o c THMKa HaMena. FIoluto je a o Tor BpeMeHa anxeMMja cMaTpaHa noroAHMM npeAMeTOM 3a
kmx
O fln m a
Ko ja
noB e3yje
y p o 6opoc
j e MAeja je -
u / iy c T p y je u,npKy/iaTopHy n p n p o f l y n p o u e c a KaKaB j e f le c T n / ia n n ja .
[124]
a / ie ro p n jc n o TyMaHei~be Kao m o c TM H K O y n e hbe, 3 a n c T a j e H ajBepO BaTHM ja n p e T n o c T a B Ka t o A a j e p a c T y f in M H T e p e c 3a a/ixeMMjy Kojn c y noKa3a/in rHOCTMUn p e 3 y / iT n p a o y yBepehby A a j e 5 o w a H C K o A e / i o H e o flB o jn B o n 0 B e 3 a H 0 c a p e / in m jo M , A a j e , T a K o p e tin , A e o B o m a H C K o r n/iaHa.
Ctm/i m o c Tn u n 3Ma ce n 3 MeHMO. YMecTO yHeHa Ba/ieHTHHa, MapKoca n ocfma Han/ia3HM0 Ha npeoB/iatiyjytin yTnuaj xepMeTM3Ma, 0 H0 r xepMeTH3Ma KOjn je OecTMJHnjep Ha3Bao ,,nony/iapHHM n nnja cy HeAaBHa on ce^H a ncTpawnBatt>a to/ihko mhoto ynnHn/ia Aa ce pacBeT/in ao ca^a HejacaH npeAMeT .43
ja Hoje npaTe HaeroB ormc M 3r/ieAa Aa cy My OTKpMBeHa a/ixeMMjcKa cpeACTBa 3a npnnpeMan>e 6omaHCKe BOAe . ncMxo/iomKM, H>eroBa MGKycTBa HyAe 6oraTO no/be 3a MCTpamMBahbe. fleTa/bHO mx je aHa/iM3Mpao H. I". J y H r 46 HojM OK/ieBa Aa mx K/iacM<t>MKyje nao HMCTy a/ieropMjy, Hero mx npe CMaTpa n/ioAOBMMa MeAMTau,Mje 3acHOBaHe Ha chobmm3 KojM cy npoBa/iM/iM y 6yAHO cTan>e. CaMe BM3Mje cy m cyBMuie AyraHKe Aa 6mcm o mx OBAe HaBe/iM y n 0 T n y H 0 C T M , a/iM je ripeBOA LLIepByAa Tej/iopa47 o 6jaB/beH npe HeKO/iMKO roAMHa; TaKotje nocTojM m HeManKa Bep3Mja Kojy je npMpeAO H. I\ Jy H r.6 8
3 o c M M a j e n p M n a A a o rio M M a H A p o B o j ceKtm x e p M e T M H a p a . 3 a B p e M e cboj'mx HyAHMx CHOBMAe/iHMx MCKycTaBa, n y o j e oh c a CBeLUTeHMKOBMX y c a H a A a j e OBaj n p e T p n e o c m p t m pacKOMaAaBahbe ManeM KaKO 6m ce M o r a o TpaHccjDopMMcaTM y A y x ( n H e y M a ) . HaCHMje y BM3MjaMa CBeu/TeHMK n o c T a j e cBoj co n c T B e H M H ip e u ; lu t o npeA CTaB /ba n p o u e c oAyxoB/behba y KOMe c y w p e u m HtpTBOBaHM je A H O lu t o , n o J y H r y , 49 npe A CTa B /ba J e A H H c t b o p r i m a m u l t i m a m a t e r i a e y a/ixeMMjM. HoHu,enuMja pa3ABajahba ManeM n o A c e t i a Ha oc|5mtckm n o ja M pa3ABajaH>a 3eMa/bCKor k o c M o c a o a B a T p e H o r (riH e y M a TM H K o r) n p c T e H a koj'm c a A P ^ M paj n y T e M n/ia M eHor MaHa .50 y n p o u e c y caM om pTBO BaHsa b m a m m o noTn y H y c /i m h h o c t c a y p o 6 o p o c o M koj m caM c e 6 e r y T a ; Kao l u t o J y H r n p M M e tiy je 51: ,,O h patja m w p T B y j e c e 6 e m j e c T e B/iacTMTM m h C T p y M e H T mpTBOBaFba, j e p o h j e c m m 6 o /i CM pTO HO CHe M HJMBOTOAajHe B O A e , TAe c y , a/lXeMMJCKMM je3MK0M, A y x M B0 A 3 CMHOHMMM. 3ocMMMHa Ae/ia np yw a jy AOBO/bHO Aona3a Aa ce noKame KaKO je o h , nan ano m h m je npaKTMKOBao a/ixeMMjy, 6 m o Ao6po yno3H3T ca nocTynu,MMa paHMjMX a/ixeMMHapa. LLiTaBMUje, cacBMM je pa3yMH0 3an/byHMTM Aa je A 0CTMmyT C T e n e H npM KOMe ce er30TepMHKa a/ixeMMja CMrypHO cMaTpa/ia npaKTMHh o m MaHMcj3ecTau,MjoM e30TepMHK0r npoi^ec a . Pe3y/iTaT je 6 m o LUMpen>e AsojaKor yMetia, 6e3 cyMHbe npatieHor npeocTajioM npaKt m h h o m BeLUTMHOM, l u t o je Tp e 6ajio Aa o 6e36eAn o 6pa3au, 3a o h o l u t o ce jaBMjio y EbponM y KacHOM cpeAHbeM BeKy.
TeT ce n p n n n c y je X e p M e c y - T o T y , T p n nyTa HajBetieM X e p M e c y , 3a Kora TepTy/iMjaH nnLue Aa cy ra CMaTpa/in 3aneTHHK0 M APeBHe MyApocTH n naraHCKMM npopoKOM x p m u t ia H CKor OTKpoBenba. MaKo ce xepMeTMHKH cn n cn BHLue He c M aTpajy cK/iaAMLUTeM ApeBHe e m n a TC K e M yA po cTn , o h h cBoja yHeH>a npeACTaB/bajy Kao hh3 0 TKp0 Behba Koja a o /ia3e o a X e p M e c a T p n c M e m c T y c a /imhho. Lleo XepMeTMHKM H o p n y c noHOBO c y npeBe/in m npnpeAM/iM OTau O ecTM m M jep m npocjD. A . H o k ;44 npBM je y AOAaTKy aHa/iM3Mpao yTMU,aj xepMeTM 3Ma Ha M a m jy , acTp o /iom jy m a/ixeMMjy. O b o je Taj acneKT xepMeTM3Ma KojM je 0 ecTMWMjep Ha3Bao ,,nony/iapHMM .
Hpo3 4 e/iy A y ry MCTopMjy a/ixeMMje HaM/ia3MMO n a t o Aa ce ocHMBaH>e a/ixeMMje Ba3Aa npMnMcyje XepM ecy: llpBM je, AaK/ie, XepM ec, no 3HaT Kao TpM nyTa HajBetiM, 3aTO l u t o ce OBaj nocTynaK m3boam y CK/iaAy ca tpm noce 6 He MaHMcf3ecTau,Mje MotiM . . . O h je 6mo npBM kojm je nMcao o Be/iMKoj T a jhm . . Kame ce y jeAHOM aHeriMrpac^ M3 VII BeKa .45
Ho, o b o j e y cK/iaAy c a AyxoM n p e A a j e . A/ixeMMjcKM cjDparMeHTM npMnMcaHM X e p M e c y noja B / by jy c e y HajpaHMjMM Ae/iMMa, a/iM c y OHa nc e yA O H M M H a m H e M a jy HMKaKBe Bese ca npaBMM xe p M e T M 3 M 0 M . H a j3 H a na jH M je p a c n p a B e Koje c y m a/ixeMMjcKe m x e p M e TM H Ke j e c y p a c n p a B e c|3M/io3oc^a m a/ixeMMHapa 3 o c M M e , Kora c m o noMeHy/iM paHMje. Hajno3HaTMje cy BM3Mje Koje cy My ce jaBM/ie y CHOBMMa; Ha 0 C H 0 B y MHTepno/iau,M-
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C Tp a H a y M e tia je 6 e 3 cyMH>e 6 Mjia rjiaBHM UMJb, a no6om H M M a je mmctmmk3 CTpa H a 6 m jia m KJbyM 3a B o w a H C K y noM o ti y McnyH>eLby 3 a fla TK a. E30TepM M Hy C T p a H y eBponcKe ajixeM M je caMMHbaBa o rp o M H a rpafjeBM Ha cMM6ojiM3Ma Koja npe flCTaB Jba n o T p e 6 y 3a xpMmtiaHCKMM cn acen>eM MOBena. riaraHCKa no3aflMHa Ha 0 C H 0 B y K o je cy riMCUM Kao luto je 3ocM M a noBJiaMMJiM n a p a jie jiy M 3M et)y aJixeM M jcK or onyca m f ly x o B H o r MMHa cnacehba je H e c Ta jia ; Ha hbeHOM M e c T y je c a fla xpMLutiaHCKa no3aflM Ha y Kojoj je HajBefiM fle o rH0CTMMK0r CMM6ojiM3Ma n p e T p n e o TpaH C c[)o pM a uM jy Kak o 6m ce npMJiam flM O n p e o B jia fla B a jytie M p e jiM m jcK O M p a cn o jio m e H > y . H a o luto cmo peKJiM paHM je, o b o je 6mjio rjiaBHO c B 0 jc TB 0 K o je B a jT HMje y c n e o fla flOKyMM rjieflM m T e KOje je n o T B p tie H o JyH roB M M o u e H a M a 55: ,,He M o w e ce nopetiM fla cy no3ajM M ue M 3 UPKBe np aB JbeH e CTajiHO m M3HOBa, ajiM Kafla flo fje M o flo m3bophmx o c h o b h m x MAeja aJIxeM M je mm Hajia3MMO e jie M e H Te kojm AOJia3e M3 naraHCKM X, TaMHMje mOCTMMKMX, M3BOpa. HopeHM m ocTM U M 3M a y o n iu T e He Jie m e y xpMLufiaHCTBy A a n e n o je MCTMHMTMje pefiM Aa je xpMLufiaHCTBO npMMjbeHO Kpo3 thoctmUM3aM.
yr,naBHOM KOMeHTapn m KOMriMjiauMje Ae/ia paHMjnx LUKOJia m Hajia3e ce y pa3HHM nocTOjetiMM MaHycKpmiTMMa. Ilocjie CTBapan>a
MCJiaMa, HacTa/ia j e MycjiMMaHCK a LUKOJia ko -
ja ce, oTnoMeBiuM y VII! BeKy, HaflaxhbMBajia flejiMMMMHO flejiOBatt>eM AjieKcaHflpMhbaHa Koje cy npeHejiM HecTopMjaHU,M, a flejiOM flpeBHOM xeMMjoM XapaHMTa. Mef}y mhotmm TeKCTOBMMa KOje c y cacT3BMJ1M MJIM npMpeflMJlM A p a n M nOCTOjM HeKOJIMKO KOjM 6 m M0I71M 6MTM y HeKOM OflHOc y c a xepMeTMMKOM TpaflMUMjoM K o jy cmo y n p a B O noM eH yjiM .52 Ofl obmx caM O ce 3a Majim 6 p o j n o K a 3 a jio fla noTMMy ofl tpmkmx opMrMHajia 3aMCTa, c a M o hokojimko HaBOfla
M3 rpMKMX m jiaTMHCKMx Bep3Mja xe p M e T M K e Hatie H o je y apancKMM fle/iMMa KOja ce npMnMcyjy X e p M e c y . Y CKJiafly c tmm, l l j i e c H e p 53 j e nocTaBMO c jie fle tia nMTaH>a: ,,A a ce y a pancK oj xepMeTMUM n o K a 3 y j e c a M o H a c ia BaK TpaflM UMOHajiH or j iM T e p a p H o r MaHMpa? OflHOCHO , KOJIMKO CaflpmajM OBMX CHMCa MOry flOKa3aTM fla c y ohm 6 m jim npaBM H a c Ta B -
ja je M op a jia npeflCTaBJbaTM noTeHu,MjajiHo yHOCHO 3aHMMaH>e; 3a Jbyfle B a T p e H o r pejiMm o 3 H o r y6etieH>a O H a je n p y w a j i a Hafly y jimmho cnacen>e. 3a o 6 e B p c T e , npaKTMMHa
MexaHM3aM koj'mm cy cm m 6ojim npeHeTM mocTMMKe y xpMujtiaHCKy ynoTpe 6 y npeAMeT je ncMxojioujKor npoyMaBart.a, ajiM nopeKJIO OBMX CMM60Jia MOWe ce j a C H O BMAeTM 3 a M C T a , y m h o t o cJiyMajeBa n o c T o j M BeoMa Majio HeKMx ommtmx npoMeHa y 4dopmm . JeAHO je CBe yMeHbe o cf^HAaMeHT3J1HOM jeAMHCTBy CBMX CTBapM ---- LUTO cy mOCTMUM CMM60JlM30Ba/lM yp o 6 opocoM, CTajiHo ce Bpatia y o b o m o 6jiMKy, m jim y 06/iMHy 3Maja. A a 6 m ce M3a3Bajio H>eroBo OAyxoBJbehbe, o a h o c h o npeo 6 pawaj y n H e y M y , 3 M a j ce Mopa y 6 MTM; o b o je ca c B M M jacHO o 6jaLUH>eHo y OAJioMKy M 3 AeJia MMxaejia Majepa KojM h3 boam Pma56: , , 3 M a j . . . Mopa 6 mtm npMriMTOMJbeH rBomtieM, rjiatiy m otP o b o m , a o k He nporyTa ce 6 e m a o k He n o B paTM ce 6 e, a o k ce He y 6 Mje m a o k ce He poAM." AHajiomja ca HtpTBeHMM pMTya/ioM M 3 npBe 3ocMMMHe BM3Mje y c b 3 k o m norjieAy je 3anahbyjytia, C B e a o y 6 Mjan>a MaMeM m noBpatiaHja ce 6 e. I/Icto pMTyajiHO KOMaAan>e
M3
[126]
Obo y 6 wjaH>e noMofiy MaMa (ocJimcKor njiaMeHor Mana ) cjajHO je OLJipTaHO y LJLJecToj riapa 6 o/iM Ae/ia Splendor So lis 58 (C/imKa 1): Po3HHyc npuna o Bki3njn Kojy je MMao o MOBeKy MMje je Te/io 6 m/io mptbo, na nnaK Jieno m 6 e/io Kao co. 3/iaTHa m a s a je Ambho n 3rjieAa/ia, ann je 6 m a OAceneHa oa Te/ia, a TaKO m cbm yAOBM; OAMax ao Hbera CTajao je pywaH uphm MOBeK, CBnpenor m ua, ca KpB/by yMp/baHMM abocck/imm ManeM y AecHOj pyM,M, m oh je 6 mo y 6 Mua A o 6 por MOBeKa. y hberoBoj zieBOj py^M 6 mo je nanM p Ha KOMe je 6 m/io HanMcaHO: , y 6 MO caM Te, Aa 6 m tm Morao npMMMTM npeo 6 M/iaH wmbot, a/iM TBojy tiy r/iaBy naw/bMBo caKpMTM, Aa Te 0 B0CBeTCKM pa3BpaTHMu,M He Mory HafiM, m yHMUJTMhy 3eM/by, m Te/io h y caxpaHMTM, Aa Mowe Aa caTpy/iM, m nopacTe m poam 6e36 pojHe n/iOAOBe. BoraTa cMM6 o/iMKa MMxae/ia Majepa y Ae/iy Atalanta fugiens 59 M/iycTpyje OABajajytiy 4jyHKM,Mjy Mana Ha jeAaH ApyrM H3MMH.
ja oneKyje c B o r cynpyra, Kano 6 m Morao Aa n o c T a H e m luto caM ja m ja oho ujto cm t m . ripMMM y CB ojo j C B a A 6 e H o j jiomHMu,M c e M e CBeTJi0CTM . . . 61 H a p a B H o , ajixeMMjcKM c m m c a o jie w M y c n a ja H j y MyLUKOr m m e H C K o r ejieMeHTa, c o ^ M j c K o r c y M n o p a m coc|)MjcKe wmBe, K3KO 6m c e OcfDOpMMJlO jeAMHCTBO. OneT, obo MyLUKO-meHCKO yjeAMH>aBaH3e noAcefia
AjlXeMMHap je OTKpMBeH KaKO aP>hm orHbeHM Man M3HaA JajeTa cpMJio30ct)a (CjiMKa 2 ): ,,Oh je no3BaH Aa .namjbMBO, Kao luto je m o 6 mMaj, orhbeHMM ManeM HanepM Ha jaje ; HeKa Mapc (rBomtie) npymM noMoti By/iKaHy (BaTpM), m OHAa tie nM/ie (KaMeH c | 3M /i0304)a) Koje ce pat}a 6 mtm ocBojMTe/b rBomfja m BaTpe.
HaBeujfieMo joiu je^aH npMMep. y napa6 o/im M3 Tractatus A u re u s 6 0 npMnoBeAan onMcyje KaKo je y jeAHOM cbom AowMB/bajy ymao y Ma/iy KBaApaTHy 6 aLUTy, OKpymeHy pymMHOM wmbmu,om. Ty My je y cycpeT M3aujjia Hajjiemua oa cbmx AeBojaKa", npafieHa cBOjMM BepeHMKOM. riocjie M3MeHe no3ApaBa AeBojKa je OTMm/ia o 6jaLUrt>aBajytiM Aa OHa m hbeH BOJbeHM mom3k Mopajy Aa HanycTe bpt m noByKy ce y co 6 y Aa ,,3aAOBOjbe CBojy Jby6 aB .
A Ha/iorM ja c m0CTMU,M3M0M O BA e je ja c H a ; M e tjy c/ieA6eHMu,MMa M a p n o c a npMMahbe
HanoMeHe
1 P. D. Zaichainias, A m b ix, V (1956). p. 128. 2 Miichael K. Stephanideis, C ontributions to the History of Physical Know Iedge, and of C h e m istry in particular, A th e n s, 1914. 8 Picfconial mepresentatiions iJn alchem ical th e o ry , Isis, X X V III (1938), p . 74; Scientific M onthly, (1936), X L II, pp. 551 58. 4 O p . cit., p. 125. 5 A S uggestive lnquiry into the H erm etic M ystery, London, 1850. Bygone Beliefs, London, 1920, gl. IX. 7 Zachariiais. op. cit., p. 120; J. Bidez, F. Cuimont, Les M ages Hellenises, Paniis, 1938, I, ^e o 2, passim . 8 A . J. Festugine La Revelation d Herm es Trism egiste, Paris, 1950, I, p. 221. 9 M . Wellmanina ,,Die fisika des Bolos Dem okritos uind de r Magiier Amajcilliaios auis Laniis,sa", A b h . d. Preuss. A k . d. W iss., Phil.-Hiist. Kl., 1928, No. 7. 1 0 O p. cit., pp. 222 38.
ca K p a M e H Ta kojm je AaBa/ia m e H a cmm6 o/imca/io je mmctmhko ^ je A u ^ e L b e , y KOMe je npMMa/iau, noM CTO BetieH ca H e B e c TO M . ripMnpeMM c e , Ka>+!e M a p K O c , Kao H e B e c Ta ko-
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1 1 Festugi&re, L Henmeitisme", Kungliga hum anistiska vetenskapssam fundets i Lund aorsberrattelse. 1947 8, 1, |pp. 12 17. 1 2 C u m a nt, A s tro lo g y and Religion am ong the G reeks and Rom ans, N e w York , 1912, pp. 12ff. 1 3 C u m o nt, Les Religions O rientales dans le Paganism e Rom ain, Pairiis. 1929, p. 165. 1 4 E. R. Bevan, S toics and Sceotis, Londan, 1912; Tanofie Leter G re ek Religion, Lomdotn, 1927 XIII X V III. , 1 5 M ages Hellenises, I, fleo 2 t passim . 10 R evelation, ipp. 224 28. 17 A . J. Hopkiins, A lc h e m y, C h ild of G reek Philosophy, N e w Y ork , 1934; Transmutaction by O o b u r , a Stu dy of E arliest A lc h e m y y Studien zu r G e schichte d e r C h e m ie (Festgabe E. O . von Lippmanmn), Berliin, 1927, p!p. 9 14. 1 8 H. Leisegang, La G nose, Pairfis, 1951, (HeMaHKO M3flaHbe, Leiipzig, 1924; TaHolie H. S . Peuch ,,Ou en estt le pnoiblime du gnostioiisme?", Revue de lU niv. de Bruxelles, Nos. 2 3, 1933 4. in Leisegia/ng, op.clt., p. 15. 2 0 Ibid., pp. 26ff. 2 1 C . Siinger, Studle s In the H is to ry and M ethod of Sclence, O xfo rd , 1917, p p . 1 55. 22 F. M . M . Sagnand, La G nose Valentinlenne et le Tem oignage de Saint Irenee, Paris, 1947, p. 581 28 W . K. C . Guithrie, O rp h eu s and G reek Religion London, 1952, pp. 156ff.; C u m o n t, Lux Perpetua Panis, 1949 p. 245. 2 4 G . Verbeke, LEvolution de la D octrine du Pneu ma des Stoic'iens a S. A u g u stin , Paris Louvaln 1945. p. 142. 25 HajnomyHMja pacnpaBa o o b o J cf)OpMyjiM y E. Norden, Ag nostos Th e os, Leiipzig, 1913, ipp. 240ff. (H o bo M3flahbe OBe K4>nre M3aiujio je y LLlTyTrapTy 1956) 2 6 M . Berthelot, Introduction a lEtude de la C him ie des A n cie n s et du M o ye n -A g e , Panis, 1889, peo I, p. 8. 2 7 Ibid., p. 16. 28 S a g n a rd , op. cit., pp . 243 4. 2 9 Inenaeus, A d ve rsu s Haereses, V, 5, 2. 3 0 Excerpta ex Theodoto, 47, 3. 31 npecnnaHje Hene TeMHOCTM M3 nocyfle y nocyfly ajiM 6e3 T a jio r a . n p . npea. 8 2 A ocjiobho; ,,o CTBapnMa noje JieTe Harope n ctb3pnMa Hoje ce cnyiuTajy HaAOJie . 3 8 Ireniaeuis, op. cit., I, 7, 5; I 6, 4 flo Kpaja; I 5, 6. 3 4 F. S Tiaylor A Suirvey of G reek A lc h e m y , J. Hellenlc Stud-, L Part I (1930) p . 111. 3 5 Benthelot. Les O rigin e s de lA lch e m ie , Paris 1885, p. 7f. 8 8 C u m o nt, ,,De dracone c a e le s ti , y Catalogus codicum astrologorum G ra e coru m , VIII, I (Bnussels, 1929). p p ,1 9 4 ff; Maonobiius Saturnalia, I, 9, 12, p a c npaB/ba o 4>eHMMaHCH0M nopeR ny, a y I, 20, 3, o
3M n jn Kao CMM6o/iy cyH u a .
8 8 King, op. clt., p. 231 302 m Ta 6jie oa A flo O . 39 Ta ylo r, op. cit., p. 112, cji. 1 . 4 0 Ibid., A m b ix , I (1937) p. 43. 41 Yn. o^yiMMHy flMCHyoMj'y o oaoMe y Lejisiegang, op.
cit., p. 117ff.
43 Festugiere, Revelation, pp. 243ff. 4 4 A . D. Nock m A . J. Festugiire, H erm s Trism egiste, Pariis, 1945. C ollections des anciens alchim istes grecs, ;Partei, 1888, p p . 424 8ff. 49 C. G. Jung, Tnan'Siformatiion SymbolIism iin the M a ss Th e M ysteries (Papers fnom the Eranos Yearb ooks), London,1955, Vol. 2 ,pp. 293ff. 47 Ta ylo r A m b ix, I (1937), pp. 88f. 48 Ju ng , Eimige Bemenkungien zu den Visionen deis Z o s im o s , Eranos-Jahrbuch, 1937 (Z u rie h , 1938), pp. 15 54. 49 Ju ng, M yste rie s, p. 298. 50 Leiisegang, op. cit.,pp. 119 20. 51 Jung, M ysteries, ip. 304. 52 L. M assignon, y A pppendix III 3 a Revelation d H erm es Trism e g iste , flaje cn M ca apancKe xepMeTMMKe jiMTepaType. 0 3 M . Plessner, Henmes Triismegisituis and Arab S o ience Studia Islam ica, II (Paris, 1954), p. 48. 54 Ibid., p. 50ff. 65 Ju ng, Psychology and A lch e m y, London, 1953 p. 343. 68 J . Read, Prelude to C h e m istry, London, 1936, p. 241H 87 Juing, M ysteries, p. 298. 58 Splendor Solis, Hanley M S 3469 (B rit. M u s .); Bep3nja ca o 6jamH>eHMMa J. H.-a o 6jaBjbeHa je koa ReraH riayji, /Iohaoh, 1921. 59 J . Read Th e A lche m ist in Life, Literature and A rt, Loodon, 1947, p. 21. 6 0 Tractatus A u re u s de Lapide Philosophico npBM nyT ce nojaBno y M usaeum H erm eticu m , 06 jaBJbeH0M y OpaHKc}3ypTy 1625.; eHMecKa Bep 3 Mja A . E. BajTa nojaBMjia ce 1893. m noHOBO 1953. (penpMHT). Ilapa6 o.na ce Hajia3M Ha cji. 41 m p,ajbe OBor nocjieflHser. 01 Leisegang op. cit.;p. 234 5. 62 Thom as Nonton, Th e O rdinall of A lch im y, Ha eHrjiecKOM npBM nyT y Elumojiobom Theatrum Chem icum Britanicum , London, 1652, pp. 1 106 cpaHCMMMJiiHO M 3flaH>e ca vboaom E.U-XojiMjapAa 06jaBjbeH0 je y J1oHAOHy 1928. 8 3 Benthelot, O rigines, p. 66 . * TpHKe M3pa3e, Hao m OBaj HaBOA M3 BepTJioa, npeBeo je AneKcaHAap neTpoBnh. flpMM. npeB.
45 Benthelot,
8 7 C . W . King, Th e G n o stics and th eir Remains, London, 1887,p. 82; TaKofie Leteegang, op. cit., p. 81ff.
X e p M a n
X e c e
z h o su c
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Hfaji KBncne/i
Ha^a caM npe hcko/imko roflHHa cpeo CMHa XepMaHa Xeceaf apxm eK Ty XajHepa Xecea M 3 U,npnxa, oh mh je peKao: ,,Bm cTe HOBeK Kojn je Mora OL^a onTyn{no 3a ruiarnjaT." A/iy,AMpao je Ha je^aH Moj M/iaHaK y KOMe caM noKa3ao Aa ce XepMaH Xece tokom pap,a Ha poMaHy fleMnjaH y Be/inKoj Mepn ocjiai-bao Ha Septem sermones ad mortuos Kap/ia rycTaBa JyHra (o 6 ojnua o 63 Hahbyjy nocTOjaHje hobot 6 ora flo 6 pa n 3/ia, A 6 paKcaca); JyHra je, naK, MHcnnpncao Ba 3M/iM,A, a/ieKcaHflpMjcKM thoctmk M3 A P y ro r BeKa H.e. y je flH oj KacHMjoj npM/iML^M, XajHep Xece, ohmto BeoMa 3aoKyn/beH tmm MMhteHMuaMa, CKpeHyo mm je namHDy Ha to Aa 6 m t3ko HeLUTO npeACTaB/ba/io M3y3eTaH c/iyHaj: hberoB OTau, yBeK je 6 pM^/bMBO boamo panyHa o to Me fla Ha3H3HM KOjMM Ce M3B0pMMa noc/iy>kmo paflehM Ha CBojMM KhbMraMa, a/iM Ka^a je o fleMMjaHy pen, hm je^Ha je^MHa 6 e/iemKa HMje HatieHa Mel]y hberoBMM cnMCMMa. Obo 6 m noflpa 3yMeBa/io Aa je X ece caM ctbopmo to Ae/io, 6e3 MKaKBe noMotiM ca CTpaHe, MHCnMpMCaH CBOjMM A y 60 KMM eMOuy\\aua, AomMB/bajMMa m c/iyTH>aMa. 1 / 1 caM XepMaH Xece MMao je 6/iaroHaK/ioH ctbb npeMa obom pom 3 htmhhom o6jaujHDeHDy. Hap,a My je 1929. je^Ha M/ia^a HMTaTe/bKa yKa3a/ia Ha M3BecHe napa/ie/ie M3Met}y H>eroBor BMtoehba KaMHa m KOHU,enii,Mje HeKMx thoctmKa, OArOBOpMO je KaKO je CaCBMM 3aMMC/lMB0 A,a rHOCTMi^M MMajy c/iMHHa cxBaTaH>a o TOMe nMTaH>y, a/iM fla HjeMy caMOM HMcy no3H3TM HMK3KBM KFbMH^eBHM M3BOpM O HaMHy. A hberoB npMjaTe/b Xyro 5a/i HariMcao je: ,,Patiahbe Te KHbMre 6 m/io je cm/iobmto . . . HanMcaHa je tokom HeKO/iMKO n/iaMTetiMX MeceuM." HapaBHO, cacBMM je pa3yM/bMBo, a/iM m npM/lMHHO H3MBHO Kafla Ce npM/lMKOM OTKpMBan.a M3Bopa yMeTHMHKor Ae/ia ynoTpe 6 M M3pa3 ,,n/iarMjaT . Hao Aa je KopMLiitieK>e M3BOpa vinafla npeTxoAM/io mctmhckom HaflaxHytiy. Kawe ce fla cy nMcu,M jeBaHt)e/ba MaTej m JlyKa 6 m /im 6 owaHCKM HaflaxHyTM npeM^a cy OHM KOpMCTM/lM M3B0p ,,Q . IllTaBMLUe, MCTpa^KMBan HMje yBeK y npM/iMLjM fla noLUTyje /iaKO pahbMBa ocetiaHDa n 0 p 0flMU,a Be/iMHMX /byAM. O h Mopa nocTaBMTM riMTahbe M3Bopa tmx 6 pM/baHTHMX 3aMMC/iM, a Aa npM TOMe He McnaflHe MHAMCKpeTaH. noneKaA tie hberoBa MCTpa>KMBai-ba noKa 3aTM Aa cy M3BecHM cmm6o/im KojMMa ce yMeTHMK noc/iymMO cnoHTah o HacTa/iM y Hher0B0j noACBecTM, a y ApyTMM npM/lMK3Ma tie MOJ+5A3 OTKpMTM KhbMHJeB-
Hy TpaAMU,Mjy Koja boam ao aHTMHKe enoxe. y npMHi4Mny, apxeTMncKo mck^ctbo npMXBaTMtie ce yK0/iMK0 ce OHaj APyrM h3hmh MHTepnpeTau,Mje noKame HeAOCTynHMM. 3HaHM, moryhe je Aa je XepMaH Xece no3 HaBao mocTMHKy CMM6 o/lMKy M3 COnCTBeHOr MCKyCTBa m /im M3 HeKor Ki-bMFKeBHor M3Bopa (npeMAa je o h obo Apyro HerMpao 1929, KaAa je Beh 6mo CTenao yr/ieA). A o 6 ap npMMep 3a npBy BapMjaHTy npyma poMaH CiencKM ByK. Xece je OBy KLbMry HanMcao 1927. FoahHy AaHa npe Tora, noABprao ce ncMxoaHa/in3M koa AP J- B- /laHra, JyHroBor yneHMKa. flaHa 16. MapTa 1926. noceTMO je HyBeHM 6a/i y xoTe/iy Baur au Lac y U,MpMxy y ApyuiTBy Jy/iMje /lay 6 M XoHerep. Aana 20. cj)e6pyapa 1927, HMTao je OA/iOMKe M 3 CBoje KH>Mre y H/iy6y ncMxoaHa/iMTMHapa y U,Mpnxy. y BpeMe Ka^a je nMcao CTencKor ByHa, Xece je 6 mo BeoMa 6/iM3aK rpynM oko JyHra. PoMaH je o HOBeKy KojM je HanycTMO CBojy AymeBHO nopeMetieHy cynpyry m wmbm caM y M3HajM/beHoj co 6 m. A o Te Mepe je namicJdmctmhkm HacTpojeH fla ce CBafja ca npMjaTe/bMMa m no3HaHMHMMa KOjM cy HauMona/inctm. riocTeneHO cxBaTa Aa je oh caM M3HyTpa, HecBecHO, npomAP/bMBa 3Bep, Byn. HapaBHO, arpecMBHM nau,Mcf)M3aM je cbmmb ao6 po 3HaHa nojaBa, a/iM Xece je BepoBaTHO 6 mo jeAMHM naM,Mc()MCTa y MCTopMjM KojM je npM3Hao Aa je Taj pacno/i Anx 0T 0 MMja LberoB concTBeHM npo 6/ieM, HseroBa 6 o/iecT, 6 o/iecT oa Koje XapMja Xa/iepa, jyHana poMaHa, /ieHM npocTMTyTHa XepMMHa. OHa ra yHM Aa Mrpa. rio CBOj npM/iMLLM HOBen Mopa MM3TM OpTOAOKCHO, nMjeTMCTMHKO 06pa30Bahbe Aa 6 m cxb 3tmo ko/imko je BamHO HayHMTM 6 eHKM Ba/lU,ep, OCeTMTM Taj CK/iaAHM pMTaM y ce 6 M , jeH-ABa-TpM, jeH-ABa-TpM, m otkpmtm y ce 6 M HeKM u,eHTap nojM HMje y M 0 3 r y . XepMMHa OBor MHTe/ieKTya/iua boam y cTBaphoct. OHa noMame XapMjy Aa OApacTe, M3BOAetiM ra M3 npeTepaHe MHTp0 BepTH0CTM m M30/i0BaH0CTM, m AOBOAetiM ra y jeAaH hobm,
HSMBOTBOpHM A O A ^p Ca CnO/baUJI-bMM CBeTOM
m ca 33 HeMapeHMM cbotom yHyTaphbMX ocetiaH^a m npoxT 6 Ba. 3aLUT0 OHAa oh noKyujaBa Aa y 6 Mje XepMMHy y HaApea/iMCTMHKoj
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Um), HMja cy cxBaT3Hja 0Mjia BeoMa 6jiMCKa rjieAMUiTMMa ocjDMTa, csojy najiy MyAPOCT 3BajiM rip 0yHMK0 C. OBa npoyHMKOc je Ta koja HOBeny Aapyje A y x , odor suavitatis humectationis luminis. Hmhm ce MorytiMM Aa je U,ejicyc MMao OBy KOHU,eni4Mjy y bmay K a Aa je roBopMo o MotiM Koja noTMHe oa T e AeBMu,e. y rpHKOM j e pen prounikos 3HaHMjia ,,aoHOCMJiau,", a Kao npMAeB ,,noxoTaH . y an-
tmhkoj enoxM, EnM(t>aHMjyc je Ha3MB Coc^Mja TyMaHMo y CMMCJiy H e n p M C T o j H a " . Metiytmm, caBpeMeHa kpmtmhk3 npeMcnMTMBaHja o b o o c n o p a B a j y . M caM MapTMH n. Hmjicoh, MCTopMnap rpHKMx pejiMmja, npMMeTMO je Aa cy u,pKBeHM ou,m HacTojajiM A a t o j peHM npMAajy HenpMCTOjHO 3HaHen>e kbko 6 m AncKpeAMTOBajiM mocTMKe, a tm cy HeAymHM jaranbu,m ynoTpe 6 jbaBajiM TepMMH IlpoyHMKoc mcKJbyHMBO y CMMCJiy ,,AOHOCMJiaM, , 6 yAytiM Aa je CocjDMja AOHejia HeuiTo M3 6 owaHCKor i^apCTBa y MaTepMjajiHM CBeT. Kano to necTO 6 MBa, OBaj noKymaj pexa^MJiMTa^Mje mocTMKa nojacHMO je jeAHy KJbyHHy m M3y3eTHO MHTepecaHTHy 0AJiMKy mocTMHKe mmcjim. riocjie oTKpMtia cnMca BpoHTe", jacHO ce bmam Aa TepMMH n p o yHMKOC, Kao LUTO nOTBpt)yjy Bep/IMHCKM pyKOnMc m TeKCT KoAeKca III M3 H ar XaMaAMja JoBaHOB anoKpMc|D , yKa3yje Ha Coct)MjMHy pa 36jiyAHOCT. /lereHAa npeMa Kojoj je Cmmoh M a r npOHamao JejieHy y jaBHOj KytiM no cboj" npM/iMU,M 3H3HM t o mcto, jep JejieHa je CocjjMja. A to 3H3HM Aa je Taj mmt 6 mo no 3H3T y caMapMtiaHCKoj, t o tie petiM, jeBpejCKoj cpeAMHM. TaKo je y HeKMM jeBpejcKMM KpyroBMMa M yApocT, xokm3, Ao 6 po no3HaTa M3 KnMre M3peKa m nocjiOBMLja, 6 MJia npoLuapaHa 6 ojaMa A cTa p Te, npocTMTyTKe ca 6 paAOM. y OeHMKMjM je OBa dea meretrix 6 Mjia cjiaBJbeHa HaK m tokom KJiacMHHe enoxe. OHa je naK nocjiywM/ia Kao MHcnMpai^Mja 3a JiereHAy o CBeTOj nejiam jM, rjiyMMUM M KypTM33HM M3 AHTMOXMje, Koja je KaCHMje o 6 jiaHMjia MyuiKy O A e f i y nonyT CBeTe M aTpone (bmam C 0JiweH.M4 MH0 By ,,MaTpjoHMHy Kyfiy ), a TaKofje je 6 Mjia Ha3BaHa m CBeTa MapMHa (ynop. Venus Marina), Kano je OAaBho noKa3ao XepMaH y3eHep.
Ajim aKO mejiM Mo A a cxBaTM MO Be 3 y M3M e tiy n p o c T M T y u M je m M y A p o c T M , M0paM0 ce
Mopa/iHa AaMa.
W He 3 Haytin to, Xece je ownBeo jeAaH MofiHn mocTMHKM cmm6 oji m yAaxHyo My hoBy MJiaAocT; BejiHHMHy HjeroBe TBopeBMHe Morytie je y n0TnyH 0CTH carjieAaTM TeK nocjie OTKpntia koa Har XaMaAnja. Y cnncy BpoHTe, CaBpmeHM Ym , meHCKa x n n o c Ta 3 a, Cocfrnja, nporjiamaBa ce 6 e np 0 CTMTyTK0 M n cBeTMHOM. Obo je nojacHHJio MMnjiMKau,nje n npaBO 3HaneH>e ennTeTa ,,ripoyHMKoc , kojn je 6 mo oa paHMje no3HaT, ajin He y noTriyHOCTM cxBatieH. U,ejicyc y pacnpaBM o nyBeHOM flMjarpaMy (,,KpyroBM Ha KpyroBMMa ), rpyne jeBpejCKMX THOCTMKa nOA MMeHOM Ocf^MTM, TOBOpM 0 MotiM Koja noTMHe oa M3BecHe AeBMHaHCKe flpoyHMKOC. OpMreH norpeuiHO tbpam Aa je npoyHMKOc MMe Koje cy MyApocTM HaAeHyJlM BaJieHTMHOBL^M ,,y CKJiaAy ca HdMXOBOM concTBeHOM 3a6/iyAejiOM MyApomfiy . A o AaHac HMje npoHafjeH HMjeAaH BajieHTMHOBckm cnMC KojM 6 m obo [iotbpamo. C APyre C T p a H e , HpeHej M3 JlMOHa caonLUTaBa hbm Aa cy M3BecHM ByjirapHM mocTMU,M kojm cy TeK noBpmHo nonpujTeHM ( 6 ap 6 ejio-mocTM-
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BpaTmM AaJbe y npom/iocT, y enoxy CyMepa^a. ripeMa ,,Eny o rM/iraMewy , Ehkmav HMBM 6 ec/i0 BecH 0 , 3ajeAHO ca 3BepnMa, CBe Aon He cpeTHe jeAHy po 6my M3 xpaMa 60mHje MiUTap, KOjy TaKotie 30By npocTMTyTkom M/in KypTM3aHOM. OHa ra yBOAM y ity6 aB, iiiTO je, OMnr/ieAHO, hctmhcko ca3Hahbe. rioc/ie Tora, oh ce OTytiyje oa 6 ec/i0 BecH 0 r HannHa wnBOTa, 6yAyftn fl,a je CTeKao MyApocT m nocTao Ha/iMK HeKOM 6ory, m MaK oa/ia3M ca po 6nhbOM ao YpyKa, rpaAa y KOMe ce Ha;ia3M xpaM 6ornHje MuiTap ca mhotmm npocTMTyTKaMa, m r^e ce OAnrpaBa hieros gam os M3Meliy 3acTynHMne 6 omH 5e m Kpajba TOKOM HOBOrOAHLUHbMX CBeTKOBMHa.
M3JimiiHO je HanoMMHbaTM Aa cy m o p t o AOKchm jyAaM 3aM m o p t o a o k c h o xp n iijfia H c t b o y n 0TnyH 0CTM ejiMMHHMca/iM T a HeAO/inHHa CBOjcTBa 6 o w a H C K e MyApocTM. Tpmkh
u,nn cn a ce nba . O H a je A y 6 oK o no6omHa, m y KJbyMHOM T p e H y T K y npnMe MMTa mjibaom c T y A e H T y K o jn je , HaBOAHO, c a OHe C Tp a H e a o 6 pa m 3/ia npnMy 0 la3apeB OM B acK pcehby. O H a 6 yAM H>eroBy c a B e c T , m roBopn My A a O Ae a o pacKpuitia, n 0 K/i0 HM ce /byAHMa, n o /by6 n 3eM/by, npoTM B Koje je 3rpewno, m A a r/iacHO o 6 jaBM CBMMa A a je y 6 n 4 a. C o ib a je n p o c T M T y T K a . CoHba je p y c n a BapM jaHTa MMema Cocfcnja. f lp e A Kpaj m n B O Ta , f lo c T o je B ckm c e CMJiHO T p y A H O A a 6 y A e y6e1ieHM koh3epB3TMBai4 M MCTMHCKM BepHMK (MaK M BMUJe y AneBHM ^M M a H e ro y poM aH M M a). O B A e je , Met)yTMM, BM we Hero o p TO A O K ca H n p o A P O je Ao H a jA y 6 /bMx c jio je B a A yLue, r ^ e cm mMBOT n poroB apa 3 a c T p a w y jy tiM M peMMMa.
X e c e je , KaKO M3r/ieAa, A O w a o a o m c to t CMM 6 o/ia onMcyjytiM X e p M M H y, m e H C K o r X e p M aHa, 0 Te/i 0 T B 0 peH>e cB e TO B H e m 0 B 0 3 e M a jb CKe M y A p o c T M . X e c e je 6 mo C B e cTa H tm x Be 3 a. T o M a c M a H je y A P y ro M TO M y CBOje
xpnwtiaHM KaTKaAa cy noncTOBetiMBa/iM MyApocT ca XpncTOM (H agia Sophia y KoHCTaHTH H ono/ by ) h/im ca CBeTMM 4yxoM. H3r/ieAa Aa je o b o APyro nocpeAM y c/iyMajy Ao 6 po nosHaTe nKOHe CBeTor TpojcTBa y HoBropoAy, Ha Kojoj je CocfrMja npnKa3aHa Kao weHcna (m/im aHAPornHa?) oco 6a. Y pycKoj cocjDno/iornjn cBaKaKo nocTojn je^aH BeoMa apxanMaH e/ieMeHT. OBa TeHAeHUMja Har/iaiueHa je nocpeACTBOM yTm;aja JaKOBa B e M e a m OpaHi^a ^ o h BaAepa. Tano cy MHTe/mreHTHMjM Metiy PycnMa 6min y npmiMLtn Aa 6paHe Ky/iT Mapnje MMnpecMBHMM cneKy/iau,njaMa, BMAetiM y Fboj cmm6o/i m AOHOCMOua (MaA a He m MHKapHai;Mjy) 6 o m a H C K e M y A p o c T n m CBeTor Ayxa. McT0BpeMeH0 je, MetiyTMM, Mapnja npeACTaB/ba/ia m cmm6o/i (i^pHe, pyc-
Ke) 3eM/be.
Ho/imko je MeHM no3HaTo, npBH Pyc kojh je oTBopeHo npM 3Hao nocTojaH>e B e3 e M3Metjy M apnje m 6 orMibe-MajKe M3 aHTMMKe enoxe 6 mo je flocTojeBCKM. O h je y 3 jimm AyCMMa onncao M ajny Eom jy Kao Be/inKy MajKy, 0C/i0 Haui MOBeMaHCTBa, Be/iMKy MajK y npBopoAHe 3eMJbe, Koja caApmn BejiMKM ymnTaK 3a MOBeKa. M efjy obhm cjiob 6 hoc}dmjiMMa KyjiT M yApocTn je CB anaK o MMao x t o h c k m x n p n M e c a . Ms T e n e p c n e K TM B e Bajba noCMaTpaTM /inK Cohbe y 3noqMHy 11 Kasnn. y Typ o 6 Hoj aTMOCcfjepn HMMeoBCKor y 6 ncTBa m tJipojAO BCKe n o m y A e Kojy onncyje OBa k h >m ra , OHa npeACTaB/ba m 0Te/i0TB 0 pyje npMHI!
A e M M ja H , nMcaH t o k o m 1916 17. y B e p H y a o6jaB/beH 1919, T pe 6 a / io j e A a 6 y A e t h o CTMMKM p O M 3 H , M T3K BM M j e C M 3 T p a H y B p e M e
o6jaB/bMBaH>a. O h o 6 ja B Jb y je O T K p M tie j e A H o r
HOBOT 6ora, A6paKcaca, KojM je M3Bop Ao6pa m 3/ia. Cmm6oji 0B0ra je rp6: Ko6au, kojm ce 6opM Aa ce M3ByMe M3 r/io6yca, n p e A C Ta B Jb e H o r y B M A y o r p o M H e npeno/iOB/beHe / b y c K e ja je Ta . To ce TyMaMM Kao cmm6o/i mhambma^a/iM3au,Mje: ,,riTMU,a ce 6opM Aa M3atie M3 / b y c K e jajeTa. Jaje n p e A C T a B / b a C B e T . riTMLJ,a oA/iefie Bory. Bor ce 30Be A6paK cac. 3a
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i-bera ce narae ^a ce nojaeJbyje y MarnjcKMM TeKCTOBMMa, m TyMaHM ce Kao cmm6 o/i HOjH cjeAMH>yje 6 o}KaHCKo m caTaHCKO.
OBa Ki-bnra HanncaHa je tokom nepnoAa KaAa ce Xece no npBM n y T noABprao ncnxoananmvi koa Beh noMeHyTor J. B. JlaHra y Jlyi4epHy. Xece je Ta^a HMTao OpojAOBe n JyHroBe Khbnre. Be 3e M 3 Metiy AeMMjaHa m ncMxoaHa/iM3e onnrjieAHe cy. C io ra je Teujko cxBamnBa MMHbeHnua Aa i/icTopnMapn KhbHhKeBHOCTM, KOJM Cy nOCBeTll/lM TO/lMKe M3 BpcHe cTyAnje XeceoBMM Ae/inMa, joiu h m cy 3ana3M/in y K0/iMK0j ce Mepn X ece oc/ian>ao Ha cxBaTart.a K. r. JyHra. M o ^A a je pa3/ior TOMe 3aHMM/bMBa HMHseHnna Aa je OBaj nepnoA MHKy6 au,nje jeAHe BeoMa KOMn/iencHe ncnxo/iornje jorn yBen 3aoAeHyr Be/ioM MMCTepnje. Ho, BpeMeHOM cy o 63HaHDeHe Tpn HMHbeHmj,e Koje cy pe/ieBaHTHe 3a Hamy
TeMy. 1. y CBojoj BeoMa yTMM,ajHoj kh>m3m ripeoGpamajn m cmm6 o/im jiw6 nAa (1912), Koja npeACTaB/ba 3aneTaK H>eroBor mMper TyManehba /in6 nAa y cMwc/iy jeAHe Hen3Anct3epeHu,npaHe MMBOTHe cM/ie, 36or nera ce cyKo 6 Mo ca cppojAOM, JyHr npMM etiyje Aa Hjerosa cxBaTaH>a y Toj o 6/iacTM HMcy cacBMM hobb. MHoro 6 pojHM ecejM M3 AOMeHa MMTO/iOTMje m (J)MJi030 c | 3Mje M/iycTpyjy m cjDOpMy/iMUjy noCTojaH>e 0 B0 ra BMTa/iHor npeaTMBHor Harona KojM je HOBeKy no3HaT M3 MCKycTBa. y TpetieM M3Aahby KhbMre (HajcTapMjeM noje mm je 6 mjio AOCTynHO, 06 jaB/beH0 M 1938. y JlajnUMry), oh cnoMMhbe LLJoneHxayepoBy HecBecHy BO/by, ri/lOTMHOB CBeTCKM AyX, MHAMjCKOr 6 ora /by6 aBM HaMy m CTapo xpMUitiaHCKO cxBaTaHbe no KOMe je CBeTM flyx, MajKa; CBe to Man>e-BMUje jacno yn a 3 yje Ha MAejy O 3ajeAHMMKOM MaTepMHCKOM }+{MBOTy. Ploce6Ha namHja, Met)yTMM, nocBetieHa je rpnKoj 33MMC/1M o Epocy. JyHT CBOje MMTaOL^e noAcefia Ha ri/iaT0 H0 B0 r Epoca (M3 Cmmiio3MOH3 M (DeApa), Ha KOCMOrOHMjCKy 4)yHKU,Mjy Epoca y XecM0A 0 B0j TeoroHMjM, m M3HaA CBera Ha op4)mhkm /imk O a H a , HMje MMe 3Hahm ,,6/bemTaBM (rp. Phanes), HMje je 3BaH>e ,,npB03aHeTHMK (protogonos), a Kora JyHr 30Be OTau, Epoca (ko/imko je MeHM no 3 Hato, OaH je MAeHTMHaH ca EpocoM). (t>aH je Met)y npMnaAHMu,MMa opcjjMHKe ujno/ie Tano-
fje hocmo m MMe ,,ripMjan (6or n/i0AH 0CTM ca orpoMHMM cj)a/iycoM); oh je aHAporMHM 6 or /by6 aBM KojM ce n 0 MCT0 Betiyje ca Amohm3mjeM JlM3MjcKMM M3 Te6e. JyH r ce OBAe no3MBao Ha Mmto/ioiukm jieKCMHOH y M3Aan>y B. X. Pouuepa (Jlajnu,Mr, 1902 1909), y KOMe je O to rp yne , jeAaH oa BOAefiMx ayTopMTeTa Tora BpeMeHa, HanMcao H/iaHaK o O aH y. Oho l u t o JyH r He cnoMMH>e, a Ha/ia3M ce y Toj yneHOj AMcepTau,MjM, jecTe Aa je OaH opc|DMhkm AeMMjypr nojM je npen 0/i0 BM0 kocmmhko jaje m t3ko ctbopmo He6 o m 3eM/by; noneKaA je Ha3 MB3 H EpMKenaMoc m /im EpMKanaMOC (nopeH/io m 3HaHeH>e Heno3HaTM), a tokom aHTMHKe enoxe riOMCTOBetiMBaH je ca riaHOM, noxoTHMM 6 owaHCTBOM ca HoraMa japLja, hmje MMe Mome Aa 3HaHM ,,CBe . Y HeTBpTOM M 3AaHby HH.Mre (1952), nOA Ha3MBOM Cmm6 om npeo 6 pamaja, Ha/ia3MM0 mctm to k c t y Heluto M3Men>eHoj cjDopMM, m y3 hbera M/iycTpa4 Mjy ,,<t>aH y jajeTy, o pc Jjm h k m ny/iTHM /i m k , My3ej y MoAeHM, penpoAyKUMja M3 Revue Archeologique, 1902 . Obo ce oahocm H a H/ ia Han O p a H ^a HyMOHTa y KOMe ce, Metjytmm, ocnopaBa Aa je Taj pe/becfr opc|dmhkm: HyMOHT tbpam Aa je Ty Bep 0 BaTH0 npeACTaB/beH jimh M0HCTpy03H0r BecKOHaHHor BpeMeHa M3 MMTpaHCKMX MMCTepMja. 2. ripeM a jeAHOM ycM 6 H0 M npeAaH>y noje mm je npeHeTO, JyH r je HanMcao Septem sermones ad mortuos KpajeM 1915. m noneTKOM 1916. Ty cy caAP^aHM hberoBM norjieAM m MCKycTBa M3 nepMOAa tiyTaH>a noc/ie pacKMAa ca OpojAOM . JyH r je BeoMa HeBO/bHO ao3BO/1MO Aa ce obo e30TepMHH0 yneH>e l u t 3 m na noc/ie H>eroBe cm ptm y HeMaHKOM M3AaH>y KHaMre CehaNba, c h o b m , pa3MMUi/baH>a (U,mPmx, 1962). y JloHAOHy je KH>Mra M3am/ia 1967, y npeBOAy X. IJ. BejH 3a. He Ha/ia3M ce Mef)y C a 6 paHMM Ae/iMMa. HeKM cy mmc/im/im Aa JyH r 0 B0j aKaAeMcnoj penyTau,MjM He 6 m HamKOAM/io Ka^a 6m ce ca3Ha/io Aa ce HenaAa 0AymeB/baBa0 thoctmhkmm yneH.eM. HeMa HMKaKBe cyMH.e Aa je JyHr, Hap 0HMT0 Ha npBMx Heno/iMKo CTpaHM^a KH>Mre, 6 mo mhcnMpMcaH Ea3M/iMA0BOM cneKy/iai4MjoM o HmmTaBM/iy, TpaHcueHAeHTHOM 6 ory o a nora CBe riOHMhbe: ,,rioHyjTe: noHMH>eM ca HMmTaBM/lOM O H O mTO C/ieAM HMje BMLUe Sa3M/lMAOB TencT: ,,HMmTaBM/io je mcto mTO m nyHotia. y 6 ecKOHaHHOCTM ny HO HMje HMmTa 6 o-
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jbe ofl, npa 3Hor. HmuiaBHJio je m n p a 3 H 0 m nyHO. Obo Tp e Sa yn op eA m n ca jeAHOM mo~ ctmhhom MAejOM KOjy BojicJ)raHr LLlyjm npnnncyje Ba3MJiMAy: Ako oa 6 ecK 0 HaHH0 Majie kojimhmhc, oa
njiOAa KOjM je jeAHan HMLLiTaBMJiy, noTMHe A p bo
c a c n o B e 3 y je CB eTJio m Ta M y , cB e cH O m He-
CBecno, oh je Beti y C B o jo j x e jie H C K o j cjDopmm yMCTMHy cjeAM hbyjyfiM cm m 6oji. O K jio n hmje HMLUTa BMme o a yHMcJ)opMe pM M CKor BOjHMKa m 6 o w a H C K o r M M nep a TO p a, m hocmjim c y ra mhotm A p y m 6oroBM T o ra nepM OAa. M o m A a je y obom c jiy n a jy H>eroBa CB pxa Aa M C T H e p a To 6 o p H M K a p a K Te p o B o r 6 o m a H CTBa, K o je je M 3rjieA a riOMCTOBetiMBaHO ca E o ro M M 3 p a e jia , Je x 0 B 0 M m cb ctm m paTO M . LLlTMT, KOJM HMje KapaKTepMCTMHHM aTp M 6 yT x e jie H C K o r 6 o m a H C T B a , M o m A a je M 3 a 6 p a n M3 M CTor p a3Jiora, 6 yA ytiM A a n p e M a nca/sM y 84 Bor n p e A C Ta B Jb a lu tm t. y to m c jiy n a j y , HaTfiMc lao, KojM je n e c TO n p M c yra H Ha tmm aMajjiMjaMa, iio tb p a m o 6m A a je A 6 p a K c a c C Ta po3aBeTH M Bor. J y H r je A o 6 p o p a 3 y M e o HjeroB aM6MBajieHTHM, yMCTMHy 6ow aH CKM K a p a K Te p K a^a je y Septem serm ones H anM cao: ,,TemKo je cno 3H3TM 6 ora A 6 p a K c a c a .
TMHe M3 HMLUTaBMJia, TaAa je HMLUTaBMJio 6 e c KpajHa l1yHotia M3 Koje H acTaje C B e T . LLlTaBMLue, nyBeHM A 6 paKcac, o KOMe roBope m JyH r m X ece, HMje AeMMjypr HMwer
peAa, KaKBMM ra npMKa3yje Ba3MjiMA- y CTBa6 paKcac ce y mocTMHKoj /iMTepaTypM peTKo noMMH>e. Man ce m y cnMCMMa M3 H a r XaMaAMja MMe A 6 paKcac, Koje ce o a h o c m Ha jeAHy xMnoTe3y HMmer pe^a, nojaBJbyje BeoMa peTKo. A 6 paKcac HMje hm tmhmhho m o CTMHKO 60 WaHCTB0 , a K3M0J1M BpXOBHO. I l o CTojM, MetjyTMM, npMjiMnaH 6 poj aMajJiMja M3 aHTMHKe enoxe, Koje noHeKaA norpemHo Ha3MBajy mocTMHKMM, Ha KOjMMa ce Hajia3e MMe m cjiMKa 6 o r a Kora AaHac 30By A 6 paKc a c o M . O s a j h^aobmluhm 6 or npMKa3aH je ca jiM^a; MMa rjiaBy neTJia, o6 m h h o oKpeHyTy yAecHO. P y n e m Tpyn cy JbyACKM, Ha rpyAMMa je o6 m h h o OKjion KojM npMarba y 3 Tejio. y AecHOj pyi4M yBeK ap^hm 6mh kojmm BMTJia nonyT KOHMjama. y jieBOj pyu,M ApwM OKpyrao mTMT. H o r e 0 B0 r 6 owaHCTBa cy hbjimk 3MMjaMa. Bep 0 BaTH0 je OBaj jimk, KOMe HeMa nanAaHa y MpaHy, E m n Ty mjim fpHKoj, 33mmLUJbeH y AjieKcaHAPMjM y npBOM CTOJietiy Hame epe. HDeroBO 3HaHett>e He 3Ha ce ca M3BecHomtiy. 06mhho ce mmcjim Aa rjiaBa neTjia yKa 3yje Aa je t o 6 owaHCTBO cmm6oji Cyn14a, 6yAytiM Aa neTao HajaBJbyje hberoB M3jia 3aK. To 6 m oHAa 6 MJia napajiejia ca m h o t o CTapMjMM OaHOM, ,,6 jbemTaBMM , koj'm je HaCTao pacuenoM M3Met)y He 6 a m 3eMJbe, nonyT CBeTJi0 CTM y Kh>m3m nocTaiba. 3MMjcKe Hore MMajiM cy A^bobm m MHora APyra 6 Mtia M3 rpHKe npaMCTopMjcKe MMTO/iomje, ajiM m HyAOBMmHM KpOHOC-XpOHOC M3 Opc|DMHKOr MMTa. 3MMja je WMBOTMH>a 3eMJbe. A 6 paKcacoBe 3MMjcKe Hore M o^Aa c a A P ^ e xTOHCKe npMMece. McTOBpeMeHO, je KapaKTepMCtmhhm jimk M3 noA3eMHor CBeTa. O TyA a A 6 paKcacoBe Hore MO^Aa yKa3yjy Ha HjeroB
PM, A
kocmmhkm
HaeroBa je Moti HajBetia 3aT0 mTo je HOBeK He 3 a n a w a . O a C yH i4 a y3MMa s u m m u m b o n u m , o a tjaBOjia in f im u m m a lu m , ajiM o a A 6p a K c a c a J+Imbot, npeMAa HeoApet)eH, MajKy A o 6 pa m 3Jia. Hmhm ce Mai-bMM m cjia6MjMM o a s u m m u m b o n u m ; 3aTO je Temno 33mmcjimtm A a A 6 p a K c a c cboj'om MotiM npeBa3M jia3M H3K M CyHL;e, KOje |e M CaMO M3BOP mTO 3paHM wMBOTHy CMjiy. A 6 p a K c a c je CyHL;e, a MCT0 BpeMeH 0 m He3ajawjbMBO ^A p e jio npa3HMHe, tjaBO KOjM noHMmaBa m KOMaAa. Moti A 6 p a K c a c o B a je ABOCTpyKa, ajiM bm je He BMAMTe, jep 3a Bame ohm cyn p 0TH 0 CTM
mmb
O Tn yH O MCTy y jio r y . O h je jimk koj'm HaABjiaAaB a a b o i c t b o m CM M 6ojiM 3yje jeAMHCTBo A y m e , Kpaj mM3ocJ)peHMje. Mopa 6mtm A a je X e c e ko pmctmo C e ^ a M n p o n o s e A M MpTBMMa, 0 KojMMa je CMrypHO ca3Hao o a /laHra, K a ^a je nM cao A e M M ja H a .
K a p a K T e p ----- OH 0 Te J 1 0 TB 0 p y je M
3 . Ba jba o6paTMTM nawH3y Ha J y H r o B i^pi e w M3 1916, KojM je oh Ha3Bao system a totius m undi; n p e A Kpaj WMBOTa, noKJioHMo ra je CBOMe 6M orpa4>y Ahm cjim W ac|)e. O h ra cnoMMhbe y kh^m3m CeliaH>a, ch obm , pa3MMiu/bahba, m Ha3MBa ra M aHAajioM hmj'm CMMcao y noneTKy HMje cxBaTao. C a M o ynytieHM 3 H a j y A a je OBaj L*pTew 6 mo o6jaBJbeH y m B a ju a p CKoj peBMjM Du, y 3 TyManeHbe c a M o r ayTOpa.
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y T e K d y ce K a m e Aa je t o MaHAajia jeAHor
caBpeMeHMKa, a nocjie HeKOJinKO roAMHa ncnocTaB/ba ce Aa je Taj caBpeMeHMK M3BecHn Hapji TycTaB JyHr. y cBojoj AncepTaunjn nofl Ha3MBOM 0 nCMX0J10mjM T3K03BaHHX OKyjlTHMX 4)eHOMeH a (1902), JyH r je onncao MOAeji CBeTa Kojn je 3aMMCJimia m o 6jacHmia HjeroBa HetiaKa Xejin ripajcBepK; naK je u iT a M n a o n H>eH M,pTe>K, cnnpajie KOHi4eHTpMcaHe y jeAHOj Tankm, Kojn je HaBOAHO Tpe6ajio Aa miycTpyje eBOJiyunjy KOCMOca. y Bep3Mjn 0 B0 ra TeKCTa Koja je M3auiJia Ha eHmecHOM oh onpaBAaHo H33MBa OBy MMT0J10UJKy c}DaHTa3Mjy mOCTMMkmm cncTeMOM. HDeroB KOMeHTap BeoMa je KapaKTepMCTimaH, m CTajiHo ce noHaBJba y hberOBMM KaCHMJMM AeJlMMa: nai^MjeHTKMHaa HMje Morjia 3hbtm 3a mocTMHKe MAeje, a MnaK mx CTBapa, jep OHe HecBecHo np e 6 MBajy y hboj. O h nMme: TMMe ce Mcu,pnjbyje cnMcaK MeHM no3h 3 tm x M3Bopa KojMMa ce nau,MjeHTHMHja cjiyMMJia. OHa HMje 6 MJia y CTaH>y Aa name OAaKJie je noTeKao nopeH MAeje. HapaBHO, npe6 Mpao caM no AeJiMMa onyjiTHe jiMTepaType noja cy ce OAHOCMJia Ha T y T e M y , m nponaLuao caM o 6 MJbe napajiejia ca obmm thoctmmkmm cMCTeMOM; MefjyTMM, OHe cy 6 Mjie pacripuieHe no Hajpa3JiMMMTMjMM KH.MraMa, oa KojMx je BetiMHa 6ma cacBMM HeAOCTynHa
riauMjeHTKMhbM. HlTa BM U je , FbeHa MjiaAOCT m
jbMBMM cB eTO M KojM HMHe p a j, 3eMJba, nanao m cBeTCHM A y x : ohm c y , pa3ABOjeHM njiaBMM m w yTM M K p y ro M , a o k c y Ha u ,p T e w y HetiaKe XejiM cjeAMHaeHM. HapanTepM CTM HHO je A a je mctm c jiy n a j c a systema totius mundi, KOjM je caM JyH r H a ^ p T a o 1916. T y Hajia3MMO je Aan cBeo 6yxBaTHM n p y r ca HaTnMCOM njiep o M a , KojM je ca JieBe c T p a H e 33TaM HjeH T y nMLue ,,npa3H M Ha . A o k je k o a m o c TMKa n jie p o M a " (,,n y H o tia ) , o a h o c h o A y xobhm c B e T , 6MJia cacBMM c y n p O T H a n e H O MM (npa3H M H M ), OAHOCHO BMA/bMBOM C B e Ty , 3a JyHra c y ,,npa3H M Ha m ,,n y H o tia A B a pa3jiMHMTa a c n e K T a je A H e CTBapH0CTM , 5a3MJiMAOBor HMUJTaBMJia. Taj A e o u ,p Te w a Ao 6 po M Jiy cTp y je n a c y c nojM noHMH.e: ,,O b o HMLUTaBMjio n y H o tie Ha3MBaMO n jie p 0 M 0 M . H a ^ a je 1955. TyMaHMO CBOj LjpTem M3 1916, JyH r je penao A a o h n p e A C Ta B Jb a n a p o B e c y n p 0 T H 0 C T M MMHpoKOCMMHor C B e Ta y H y T a p MaKpoKOCM M HHor c B e Ta m H>eroBMX c y n p o T h o c tm . H acH M je tie UMTMpaTM HMKOJiy H y3 a H C K o r (coincidentia oppositorum) m XepaKJiMT a (palindromia) y npM Jior cBOM e m e A M U JTy. M e tjy T M M , nao u jt o cm o BMAejiM, JyH r je n p Bo6M TH y cjDOpMyjiaL4Mjy A y r o B a o LLIyjiL 4y , ajiM je m y ce6M c n o 3 H a o hbeHy m ctm h m to ct t o HOM TeUJHMX KpM3a M3Metjy 1912. m 1919. riaMTM MO m t o Aa je m XepMaHy X ece y ynpaBO noMMpeH>e tm x c y n p o T H o c T M 6mo n p o 6jieM a o k je rm c a o fle M M ja H a .
cpeAMHa y Kojoj wmbm n 0TnyH 0 MCHJbynyjy M 0 ry t iH 0 C T 6 aBJbeH.a t3kbom j iM T e p a T y p o M . HpaTKO pa3MaTpaHje 0 B 0 r cMCTeMa y C B e Tjiy o 6jaiUH3ehba caMe nai4MjeHTKMH.e noHa3atie KOJiMKO je AOMMUjjbaTOCTM yji 0>HeH0 y H,erobo HOHCTpyMcaHbe. LUto ce, nan, BpeAHOBaH>a MHTejieKTyajiHor AOMeTa TMMe, to Mopa ocTa TM CT B a p ynyca. V CBanoM cjiynajy, y3MMajytiM y o63Mp MJiaAOCT m MeHTajiMTeT na4 MjeHTHMH>e, Mopa ce cMaTpaTM cacBMM Heo6 mhhmm. M o r y t i e j e Aa j e JyH r OBaj mmtojiolukm nomeA Ha CBeT Ha3Bao mocTMMKMM 3aT0 LUTO je AOHeKJie CJlMHaH TaH03B3H0M ,, O p (fjMHKOM AMjarpaMy nojM O p n r e H npeHOCM y cbom criMcy Contra Celsum npyroBM yHyT a p KpyroBa m npyroBM M3BaH npyroBa. Pa3jiMKa je y TOMe u j t o y ApeBHMM HpyroBMMa KojM o 6 yxBaTajy hocmoc, AyxoBHM CBeT, CBeT O n a m Cmh 3 , HeMa HMHaKBor AOAMpa c a bma-
HaKBO je ycTpojcTBo 0 B0 r KOCMOca? Ha tteroBOM AHy Hajia3M ce TaMHM A6paKcac, M3Bop CBera. JyHr name: ,,O h je dominus mundi, rocnoAap c}DM3MHHor CBeTa m c tb o p m TeJb CBeTa HMja Cy CBOjCTBa HOHTpaAMHTOpHa. M3 H.era M3pacTa a p b o hkmbot3, noje h o cm HaTnMC vita . M3HaA H>era ce bmam o a roBapajytia cj3Mrypa AP^eTa c b c tjio c tm y 06jiMKy cBetiH.aKa ca ceAaM npaKOBa ca HaTnMCMMa ignis (BaTpa) m eros (jby 6 aB). H eo 6 MHHO je luto je OBAe A 6 pancac npeACTaBJbeH nao 6 Mtie ca 3MMjcKMM HoraMa m rjiaBOM jiaBa, a He neTjia. Obo 0Ar 0 Bapa jeAHOM nacycy M3 Tpetie nponoBeAM y
KOMe ce onMcyje napaAoncajiHa m HOHTpaAMKTopHa npMpoAa A 6 paKcacoBa: ,,A6paKcac 3aHMH.e m ctm hy m nam, Ao 6po
m 3Jio, cBeTjiocT m TaMy, m ctom peHjy M MC-
134]
jiMMaHCTBeH
AejiOM. 3aTO je ASpancac ywacaH. Beje n o n y T JiaBa y TpeHyTHy Ha^a ce ycTpeMM Ha wpTBy. flnBaH je nao npotmm
je jeflBa cxBaTJbMBa 6e3 no3HaBai-ba MaHflajie, JyHr je 063 HaHM0 cjieAetie: HeTMpM cy 0 CH0 BHa 6 o w a H C T B a , nao
luto MMa neTMpM AMMeH3Mje 0 B 0 r a cBeTa. ripBa je M 3 Bop, Bor-cyHU,e. A p y ra je Epoc; jep, oh cnaja oho ujto je pa 3ABojeHO m lumpm CBoj 6 jb e ca H . Tpetia je A p b o mMBOTa, jep oho McnyHjaBa npocTop TejiecHMM o 6 jiMMjMMa. HeTBpTa je tjaBO, jep oh OTBapa cBe ujto je 3aTBopeHo. O h pacTBapa CBe ujto je TejiecHo; y hbeMy CBe 6 MBa yHMLUTeHO.
jietiHM fla H .
Hnje no3HaT pa3Jior OBe npoMeHe. H e n o jimho aMajjinja npnHa3yje A 6 paHcaca ca 3MMjcHMM HoraMa m maBOM jiaBa. M om ^a JyHroB upTem caflpmn acomijauiMje H a BecKOHanHO BpeMe, MyAOBniJJTe ca rjiaBOM jiaBa, noje j e y tom o 6jiMKy 4 D n r y p n p a jio y MMTpaHchmm MMCTepnjaMa, ca nojnMa je J y H r Ta^a Beti 6 mo A o 6po yno3HaT. MyAOBmuTe jiaBJbe rnaBe Hajia3M ce Ha HacjioBHoj cTpaHM LUyjiu.oBe HHjnre D o k u m e n t e d e r G n o s i s . M e ^ y tmm, He Mome 6 mtm HnnaHBe cyMhbe y to a a je J y H r y , bcjimhom no 3 HaBaoL4y xejieHM3 Ma, 6 m ia no 3 HaTa HHhbeHmj.a pa je A 6 pancac o 6 mmho npMKa3MBaH ca rjiaBOM neTJia. y HaCTaBKy TyManeH>a CBoje MaH^ajie J y H r Hame: ,, C a jieBe CTpaHe, M 3 jeAHor yHyTapHjer npyra nojn npeflCTaBJba Tejio mjim hpb, y3Anme ce 3Mnja o 6 aBMjeHa oho c|Dajiyca Hao cmm6 oji patjanba. 3MMja je jacHO oupTaHa m 3aceHweHa, m ycMepeHa je n a t3mhom cBeTy 3eMJbe, Meceu,a m npa3HMHe, Te j e CTora
ripeflCTaBJbeHa nao CaTaHa. To j e , A a H Jie , HaBOAHo o 6 o w a B a h b e tjaBOjia , 3 & o r H O je r je JyHr 6mo M3JiomeH bcjimhmm npnTMHaMa, m Koje je Tano CHawHO npnBjiammjio Xecea. H a e ro B cMncao j e c n a ja t e e cenca, 3 e M Jb e m M a T e p n j e ; T a ^ a , 1916, n a o n
c a f la , t o j e n p e f lM e T B e jin n e p a c n p e , naH O y x p m u f ia H C T B y T a n o m y x y M a H M 3 M y . O H a f lp y r a C T p a H a , M e t)y T M M , H M je 3 a H e M a p e H a . n p o H M Ta o A a
JyHr
j e y HHbM3 M A j i 6 p e x T a f l n T p n ^ a M a jH a 3 e M Jb a
|e p,a
n p e M a je B p e j c n n M
x p m u tia -
HMMa
C b c tm
Ayx
6mo
M a jn a . 3 a T O
M 0 r y f iH 0 CTM
npncycTBO
je 6no y n a jie m a m r o j i y je
c a jie B e
6 nu,e y c B o j o j M a H fla jm O B aH O n p o T y M a M M :
B j in c T a B O L^apCTBO n y H o t ie C T p a H e , o fla H Jie tia Ba
ce
M3 ja c H O o L jp T a H o r n p y r a
n o fl H 3 3 MBOM f r i g u s s i v e a m o r D e i (x jia f lH O -
mjim J b y 6 aB
n p e M a 5 o r y ) y 3f lM w e r o j i y 6 M-
Obo je BeoMa flajieno oa KacHMje JyHroBe cyrecTMje pa Majny Bomjy Tpe 6 a AOAatm TpojcTBy Ou,a, Cmhb m CBeTor f\yxa. 1-beroB quaternio cy 1916. hmhmjim: A 6 paKcac, Epoc, Apbo mMBOTa m t)aBO. Obo neTBopoCTpyno rpaHahfce }+lMBOTa y nocMocy m y moBeny aoboam Hac ao jbyflCKor 6Mtia Ha spxy MaH^ajie: to je MO^Aa AeTe pauiMpeHMx pyny, cMeiiiTeHo yHyTap OBajiHor o 6jiMKa ca KpMjiMMa KojM 6 m Morao npeACTaBJbaTM jaje. Aa ce 3aMCTa paflM 0 jajeTy nona3yjy MMeHa Hoja CToje y3 Taj MyuiKM jimk: EpMKanaMoc m OaH (rpHKMM cJiOBMMa). JyHr y CBOMe TyMaHehby name. ,,y rophbeM flejiy MaH^ajie je 4>mrypa MJia^Mtia yHyTap jajeTa ca npMjiMMa; oh ce 3 0 B e EpMKanaMOC m jim OaH, m nao AyxoBhm jimk noflcetia Ha op43MHKe 6 oroBe. OB^e, Kao m y CuMSojiMMa npeo 6 pamaja, JyHr npabm pa3JiMHy M3Metjy Epoca m OaHa, m Kawe pa je cBeTJiocT BaTpe m Epoca ,,ycMepeHa npeMa Ayx 0 BH0 M CBeTy 6 owaHCKor AeTeTa . U,MJb mMBOTa je, flanjie, peMHKapHa^Mja, potjeLbe AeTeTa nao cmm6 oji Era, HMMe ce npeBa3MJia3e cyno 6 M cynp 0TH0 CTM. OBa MaHflajia npeflCTaBJba paHy aHTMi4Mna4 Mjy 0H0ra luto je Jynr KacHMje pa3BMO m Ha3Bao npou,ecom MHflMBMAyajiM3auMje. C Apyre cTpaHe, Bajba 3ana3MTM Aa to AeTe HMje Xpmctoc, nako 6 m ce flajio oneKMBaTM, Beti op4>mhkm OaH . H y MaH^aJiM m y Ce^aM nponoseAM XpMCTa, KojM je 3a JyHra nacHMje 6 mo aohoCMJiaL; o 6 oroTBopeH>a, yonujTe HeMa.
BaJba yoHMTM A a n o c To jM je A H a 3aHMMjbMBa pa3JiMKa M3M et)y M a H A a jie m rip o n o B e A M . A o h Ha L ;p T e w y A 6 p a K c a c np e A C Ta B Jb a M 3Bop a 0aH telos (c B p x y ) HiMBOTa, y np 0 3H 0 M T e n c T y c y O a H , Tanotje H33BaH ria H m n p M ja n , m 3MMjoHorM A 6 p a n c a c CTonjbeHM: ,,A 6 paKcac je caM BejiMKM llaH, nao m MajiM. Oh je flpMjan. Oh je HyAOBMLUTe noA-
14a C B e T o r A y x a
M yApocT
(Coc|3Mja) m3jtm-
M3 A B 0 C T p y K 0 r n a j i e w a . O B a w e H C K a c $ e j e He6ecKa.
pa
0 M a u iK y 4 >P0 j"
[135]
npanoM eTKa."
O b o j e ofl M 3y3eTH e BaJKHocTn 3a p a 3 y MeBaH^e X e c e o B o r f l e M i i j a H a . Ty Hajia3MMO ASpaKcaca y 4)opMM n T n u e u iTo j e ncnpaBH O, no u jTO MMa rjia B y n e T jia Kojn ycT a j e M3 c B e T C K o r j a j e T a , n o n y T O a H a . O a aHTMHKe e n o x e Ha 0 BaM 0 , A6paKcac Hnrfle n n je npeflC TaBJbeH Ha OBaj HaMMH.
III
Ilocjie obmx yBOflHMX pa3MaTpaH>a, M3rjiefla Aa je Moryfie cjieflHTM Tpar CMM6ojia jajeTa CBe flo hberoBor M3Bopa y aHTMHKoj enoxM, m yKa 3aTM Ha to oflaKjie noTMMe XeceoBa 3aMMcao. To je cmhkp 6 tmctmhkm pejbecfr y MofleHM, KojM je npBM 06 jaBM0 HaBeAOHM 1863, a npeLUTaMnao OpaHi^ HyMOHT 1902. CjieflM LteroB onMc:
,,y jeAHOM OBaJlHOM OKBM py K O jM Caflp^KM ABaHaecT 3HaKOBa 30flM jaKa cTojM je^aH Hatm MjiaAMfi mapwm y jieBOj pyu,M CKMnTap a y AecHoj Myn,y. CTonajia cy My y o6jiMKy konMTa, Kao koa rpHKor 6ora llaHa. O k o hberoBor Tejia o6aBMjeHa je 3M M ja M M ja je rjiaBa M 3Hafl hberoBe rjiaBe. M 3a HjeroBMx paMeHa ca KpM JiM M a BM fle ce bpxobm nojiyMeceua. Ha rpyflMMa My je Macna jiaBJbe rjiaBe, a M 3 60K0Ba My pacTy maBe OBHa mjapu,a. HaeroBa CTonajia noHM Bajy Ha M 3BpHyT0j KynM , Koja je 6e3 cyMhbe npen0Ji0BJbeH0 jaje, M 3 Koje M 3Jia3e njiaM eHM je3M L 4M . M 3H3A rjiaBe ca KOBpuaBOM kocom, oa Koje nojia3M neT 6jiM CTaBM x 3paHOBa, Hajia3M ce Apyra nojioBM H a jajeTa, Tanofie y njiaMeHy.
OpaH H HyMOHT, Ba3fla ropjbMBM otpkmb3jiaui MMTpaHCKMx cnoMeHMKa, riOMCTOBeTMO je OBy o co 6 y ca h^aobmuihmm jimkom BpeMeHa M3 MMTpaM3Ma, KOjM MM3 TJiaBy JiaBa M KpMJia, oko HMjer je Tpyna o 6 aBMjeHa 3MMja, m KOjM ce necTO noBe3yje ca MpaHCHMM 6 otom 3epB3H AnepaHa, BecKOHaHHO BpeMe, a o 6 mhho ra Ha3MBajy XpoHoc (H poh oc) m Amoh. O h nopMHe Aa flBe nyne MMajy Ma naKBe Be3e ca OpcjDMHHMM CBeTCKMM jajeTOM, m paflMje y HaMMa bmam He6 ecHe xeMMCcf)epe. 3a Hore ce nawe fl,a cy Kao y 6 MKa.
Po 6 epT A j 3Jiep je 1910. ocnopMO obo TyManeibe m MjiaAMha M3 MofleHe noMCTOBeTMO ca OpcJjMHKMM 60 r 0 M OaHOM (mjim EpOCOM), KOjM je pot^eH M3 CBeTCKor jajeTa m ctbopmo je He 6 o m 3eMJby npenojiOBMBLUM ra, ynpaBo nao ujto cy y Hh>m3 m nocTatba He6 o m 3eMJba pa3ABOjeHM M3 xaoca ^a 6 m ce poflMJia CBeTjio ct. V\3 flaHaujibe nepcneKTMBe Mome ce o Po 6 epTy Aj3Jiepy cBauiTa petiM, m TepuioM HlojieM je y CBojo j 6 Morpacj)MjM BajiTepa Be ibaMMHa M3Heo HeKOJiMHO 3ajeflJbMBx onacKM o npoBepaBaiby H>eroBMX cjDycHOTa. Ajim, HeMa HMnaKBe cyMibe fla je y 0 B0j pacnpM Aj3Jiep 6 mo y npaBy: pejbecj) 3aMCTa ca^pmM npen 0Ji0 BJbeH0 jaje, Hore japua, 6jiMCTaBe spane, a M3HaA cBera, Taj ambhm MJia^Mti HMje HMKaKBO HyAOBMLUTe. C flpyre CTpaHe, npoHatieHO je joui cnoMeHMKa mctot TMna 3a noje ce yrjiaBHOM CMaTpa Aa cy MMTpaHCKM: jeAHa MepMepna CTaTya, npoHafjeHa 1902. y MepMAM, y LJJnaHMjM, npeflCTaBJba Haror MjiaflMtia KOBpuaBe Koce m npyTor ApmaFba oko nora je o 6 aBMjeHa 3MMja; HDera Tp e 6 a noMCTOBeTMTM ca hoBMM AmOHOM, KOjM Ce CBaKe TOAMHe M3HOBa pat^a y u,MKJiycy KOjM ce CTajiHO noHaBJba, nao m ca Mmtpom iuvenis.
A o n a s a H O je fla m h^aobm luhm jimh B p e M eHa M3 MMTpaM3Ma m MjiaflM A m oh c a flp m e erM ntiaH CH e e jie M e H T e , T e je Jiano M o ry tie fla c y noTenjiM M3 ErM nTa y B peM e xejieHM c tm h k o t cM HKpeTM 3M a: M a K p o 6 M jy c fla je onMC erM ntiaH CK e Bep3M je A m o h o b o i " JiMKa ca rjiaBOM jia B a (c a A a u iib o c T ), r/iaBOM n o 6 e c H e jio r B yna (n p o iu jio c T ) m rjiaBOM yM M JbaTor n c a (6 y ,a y fiH O C T ). y M p a H y , n a n , HMje n p o H a tjeH HMjeflaH 3 e p B a H O B j im k . flp o 6 jie M HOjM ce Ha M etie je cjieAetiM: y
Kojoj je MepM CTapa M npMMMTMBHa OpcfDMHKa 3aMMcao o BecnpajHOM BpeMeHy, M3 Koje je HacTao O aH (m3 BOfle m 3eMJbe potjeHa je 3MMja ca rnaBaMa JiaBa m 6 MKa, m jiMU,eM 6 ora M3Metjy ibMx), yTMuajia Ha 3aMMcao o MMTpaHCKOM HyflOBMLUTy m Ha jimk A 6 paKcaca o 6 oje cy nopenjiOM M3 AjiencaHApMje. O TOMe OBfle HMje Morytie MC^pnHO pacnpaBjbaTM. H^ejiMM caMO fla HanoMeHeM ABe CTBapM.
a ) P e n jio 6m c e fla je npMJiMHHO OHMrjieflh o A a je O a H c B 0 je B p e M e H 0 y A n e K c a H A p M jM n o cTa o M HTerpajiHM e jie M e H T MMTpaM3Ma,
[136]
p,a j e n o n c T O B e t ie H c a A m o h o m r ijiy T O H O M ,
o 6 e 3 6 e f jy je BeHHOCT rp a ^ a A / ie n c a H -
HojM
/i,pMje. C B a n e ro flM H e j e H a H o B y ro A M H y , 6.
ja H y a p a (E n M tjD a H M ja ), y K o p e j o H y , cBeTM /iM LUTy H o p e , A e M e T p M H e n fie p M , n p o c / ia B / b a H o p o fie n > e A M O H a . B e p H M ^ M 6 m T a ^ a roBopM/iM: ,,O B o r a A a H a m y O B a j n a c , fle B M i^ a j e poflM-
p,a A m o h n p e ^ obo
C TaB /b a H o B y ro A M H y , B p e M e n a o b c h h m um H /iyc yM M paH >a m B a c n p c e H ja . H M a jy fiM Ha y M y , H e f ie M o c e M3 HeH aflM TM aK O c a B p e MeHM n c M x o ;io 3 M m a y T O p M T y M a n e O B a j jim k n a o cm m 6 o ji cj3M3 MMKe p e M H K a p H a ^ M je m mhnpM M eTM TM
4 y y ^ e jiM M a E n x a p T a m A H r e j i y c a
jy c a .
C M jie 3 M-
b) A ho je Amoh noTenao oa OaH a, oh Mopa 6 mtm m fleMMjypr. Jefl,Ha 3JiaTHa n/iOHM14a npoHafjeHa y /lau;MjyMy n p M n a 3 y je OBajihm ohbmp y KOMe ce Hajia3M /imk Haror Myuinapua y KpyToj, CBeuiTeHMHKoj no3M; o k o tt>era je o6 aBM je Ha Be/iMKa 3MMja HMja r/iaBa noHMBa Ha H>eroBMM rpyflMMa, M3Mefty HeTMpM L^BeTa Mana m K/byna Ha/iMK Ha Kyny noje oh apwm o 6 e M a p y n a M a . CTona/ia cy M y Ha/lMK HSMBOTMHbCKMM KaHijaMa. V\3Hap r/iaBe je MMe IA Q , a Mcnofl, cTona/ia A A Q N A E I. Ha ocHOBy A o 6 po no3HaTMX MarMjCKMX cj3opMy/ia caflpwaHMx Ha n/ioHMU,M, jacHO je fla je Ty npeflCTaB/beH Amoh nao MarMjcKM 6 or BpeMeHa. MetiyTMM, x e 6 pejcK 0 MMe m HDeroBa BapMjaHTa M crm caH a Mcnofl CTona/ia yna3yjy Ha to Aa je OBaj 6 or n0 M CT0 Be tie H ca 6 M6/iMjchmm BoroM, luto He nyAM ano ce npMceTMMo pa je O aH -Epoc 6 mo TBopau oBor cBeTa. OBaj /iMK BeoMa je yTMU,ao Ha JyHra m X e cea. JyH r je, no cBOj npM/iMU,M, npoHMTao A j3/iepoBy KHjMry, m noBepoBao je pa pe/bec|D M3 MofleHe npeflCTaB/ba OaHa. OflpaHMje je 3Hao 3a KyMOHTOBe paAOBe m 3a xe/ienCHor 6 ora AMOHa, no KOMe je Ha3Bao jeflHy cBojy HhbMry. Hnan, Ha cBOMe u,pTehHy je M/iaAMtia y jajeTy 03HaHM0 nao OaH a. JyH r je bo/ieo pa pa3r/iefla M/iycTpai4Mje, A o 6 po je naM-
Xece HMje 6 mo y npM/iMUM Aa bmam M/iyCTpau,Mjy A 6 pancaca ca ziaB/bOM r/iaBOM, m Mopa fla je o H>eMy nyo oa ZlaHra. Mopa 6 m tm Aa My je H a n r penao Kano A 6 pancac MMa r/iaBy neT/ia, na My je, y3 Ma/io necHMHKe c/io6 oAe, X ece AOAe/iMO r/iaBy Konu,a. no CBoj npM/iMU,M My je J\anr TaKotie npMHao o <t>aHOBOM pot}eiby M3 jajeTa nao cMM6 o/iy m h AMBMAya/iM3auMje, noMemaBUiM Tano /imkobg OaHa m A 6 paKcaca. JyHr je Bo/ieo fla npnna o KHiM3M Ha Hojoj 6 m ynpaBO paflMo, Te Mopa 6 mtm p a je I\a n r o p rt>era nyo 3a OBy cmm6 o/iMKy. y X e c e 0 B0 M Ae/iy je Taj 8htmhkm cmm6 o/i, KojM je Ta^a 6 mo no3HaT Ma/iOM 6 pojy /byAM, mTO je nan m AaHac c/iynaj, nocTao CBojMHa HOBenaHCTBa m afleKBaTaH M3pa 3 Hajfly 6 /be Temnbe XeceoBe reHepa^Mje: u,ejiobmtoctm, hobot HOBena, npeB/iaflaBahba pacKO/ia. H 3 r/ieAa p a Xece noc/ie Aen/iujaHa HMje MHoro MapMO 3a mocTM4M3aM. OnpeHyo ce HHflMjM m Kmhm, HMje cy My pe/iMmje 6 M /ie no3HaTe jom M 3 M/iaAMX AaHa, 6 yAytiM pa cy ce H/iaHOBM hberoBe nopoAMU,e tbmo 6 aBM /lM MMCMOHapCKMM paflOM. Ho, T3MO HMje Morao HayHMTM HMmTa BMme oa 0 H 0 r a neMy ra je HayHMO mocTMu,M3aM: cjeAMhbeHocTM WMBOTa y KocMocy m HOBeny. KacHMje, aok je rmcao Mrpy cTaK/ieHMx nep/iM, npoynaBao je ETMHrepa, BeMea m flpyre nMeTMCTe, H aCTojefiM p a o 6 hobm Be3e ca Tpa^MUMjoM M3 Koje je noTenao m npoTMB noje ce no 6 yHMO. MetiyTMM, M3r/iefla fla My HMKa^a HMje na/io Ha naMeT ^a H>eroB hobm 6 or, A 6 paKcac, CBeo 6 yxBaTHM, CBeMofiHM, kocmmhkm Bor, Tocnoflap He 6 eca m noA3eMHor cBeTa, HMje hmko flpym flo Bor /by6 aBM m meBa H>eroBor
oua.
ripeeeo ca eHr/iecHor HoBMU,a neTpoBMfj
H360pU
[1 3 7 ]
VVerner Foerster, Gnosis, a selection of gnostic texts, english translation ed. by R. M cL Wilson, 2. Coptic and Mandaic Sources Oxford, Clarendon Press 1974. The Apocalypse of Adam , s. 15 23. The Letter of Eugnostus, s. 27 34. The Gospel of Truth, s. 55 70. The Treatise on the Resurrection, s. 72 75. La Origini dello Gnosticismo, Colloquio di Messina, 13 18. Aprile 1966, ed by U. Bianchi, Leiden 1967. Hans Jonas, ,,Delimitation of the gnostic phenomenon typological and historical , s. 91 104. Th. P. van Baaren, Tovvards a definition of gnosticism , s. 174 180. Endre von Ivanka, Religion, Philosophie und Gnosis , s. 317 322. Ugo Bianchi, ,,Le probleme des origines du gnosticism e , s. 1 27. Gnosis und Gnostizismus hrsg. von Kurt Rudolph, Darmstadt 1975. Heinrich Schlier, ,,Gnosis , s. 495 509. Nikolaii Berdjaev Filosofia svobodnago duha, II Ymca-Press, Paris 1928. Teosofia i gnosis , s. 138 157. Gnosis, Festschrift fiir Hans Jonas Gottlingen 1978. G. S. Gasparo, ,,Sur lHistoire des Influences du Gnosticism e , p. 316 350. Gilles Ouispel, Hermann Hesse und G nosis , s. 492 507. The Rediscovery of Gnosticism, ed. by Bentley Layton, Leiden 1980. Gilles Ouispel, Gnosis and psycho1og y , s. 17 31. Carsten Colpe, The Challenge of Gnostic Throught for Philosophy, Alchem y and Literature , s. 32 56. Ernst Topitsch, ,,Marxismus und Gnosis , y: Sozialphilosophie zwischen Ideologie und Wissenschaft, Neuvvied/Berlin 1966, s. 235 270. S. A . Taubes, Gnostic Foundations of Heideggers Nihilism , u: Journal of Religion XXXIV (1954), No. 3, s. 155 172. H. J. Sheppard, Gnosticism and Alchem y , y: Am bix VI, 1957, s. 86 101.