SUBMITTED TO

Mrs. Anupama Physics Teacher

SUBMITTED BY
Monica Bhutta XII (Medica !

Contents

1. Certificate 2. Acknowledgment 3. Circuit Diagram 4. List of components Required 5. !.

rocedures recautions

". #i$liograp%&

"E#TI$I"ATE

Certified t%at report entitled 'E ectronic #ain A arm( w%ic% is $eing su$mitted in t%e partial fulfillment of requirement for t%e certificate of 1)*2 +edical, #lossoms -ec. -c%ool, atiala, is a record of candidate.s own work

carried out $& %er super/ision and guidance. 0%e matter em$odied in t%e pro1ect %as not $een su$mitted in t%e part or full or an& anot%er sc%ool or institution.

Mr. rincipal

Mrs. Anupama -u$1ect 0eac%er

A"%&O'(ED)EME&T

2 would like to take t%is opportunit& to t%ank Mrs. Anupama* Su+,ect Teacher* w%o %as $een guiding force for m& Report on 'Electronic Rain Alarm.
I am also thankful to my friends, for their support and encouragement in finding out the appropriate material for this Report, without them making this report would have been impossible.

(Monica Bhutta)

322 (Medical)

(IST O$ "OMPO&E&TS
(-! Transistor B" ./0 &P& (1! Transistor B"2304 P&P (3! #esistance 335 % (/! #esistance -5% (.! "ondenser 5.5/ Micro6arads (0! (oud Spea7er 4 O8MS (9! "e s " ips (4! 'ooden Base (:! Scre;s (-5! P"B P ate (--! "e < 1 &os.

"I#"UIT DIA)#AM=>

+3V
#esistance 335 % &P& B" ./0 P&P B" 304

#esistance -5 %

(oud Spea7er -3 V 4 Ohms 5.5/ ?$

'ATE# SE&SO#

P#O"EDU#E=
0%e electronic circuit is an audio oscillator using 4 5#C63!78 and 4 4 5#C6 54!8 transistors. 0%e frequenc& of oscillator upon condenser ).)4 mfd. Resistance 1)9 gi/es sta$ilit& to oscillator circuit. 0%e Resistance 33)9 is e:tended to form e:tended to form e:ternal circuit 5wit% water drops8 using copper wires as pro$es. 0%e water drop, $ecause of some conduction complete, t%e circuit. 2t gi/es tone in t%e speaker. 0%e circuit operate on two $atter& cells eac% of 1.5 ;olts.

P#E"AUTIO&S=
<%en t%e water drops $etween pro$es produces sounds wiping t%e wires clean to remo/e water steps to tone it and it is read& for ne:t demonstration.

"I#"UIT PA#TS

"APA"ITO#
2n a wa&, a capacitor is a little like a $atter&. Alt%oug% t%e& work in completel& different wa&s, capacitors and $atteries $ot% store electrical energy. If you have

read =ow #atteries <ork, then you know that a battery has two terminals. Inside the battery, chemical reactions produce electrons on one terminal and absorb electrons at the other terminal.
2n an e ectronic circuit, a capacitor is s%own like t%is>

#ESISTO#
Resistance in general is %ow %ard it is for electric current to flow t%roug% a gi/en material. 2t is measured in o%ms. 0%e function of a resistor is to control t%e flow of current to t%e components t%at are attac%ed to it. <%en current flows t%roug% a resistor, energ& is wasted. 0%e wasted energ& causes t%e resistor to %eat. 4ot all t%e energ& t%at is sent to t%e component reac%es it. 0%e $igger t%e resistor, t%e more energ& it can %andle. ?:ample> Circuit s&m$ol>

Resistors restrict t%e flow of electric current, for e:ample a resistor is placed in series wit% a lig%t6emitting diode 5L?D8 to limit t%e current passing t%roug% t%e L?D.

T#A&SISTO#
-emiconductors ma& $est $e descri$ed as a group of materials t%at %a/e t%e electrical properties of $ot% metals and non6metals 5insulators8. -emiconductors are especiall& important $ecause /ar&ing conditions like temperature and impurit& content can easil& alter t%eir conducti/it&. Inte@rated "ircuits such as the one sho;n a+oAe are possi+ e +ecause o6 the eBtensiAe 7no; ed@e o6 semiconductors. -emiconductors form t%e framework of almost an& digital de/ice made toda&. -ilicon, a common raw material used for manufacturing integrated circuits is a /er& good e:ample of a semiconductor. "ircuit sym+o o6 a transistor. Transistors 6orm the +ui din@ + oc7s o6 the I"s sho;n a+oAe.

(oud Spea7er
A oudspea7er, or spea7er, is an electromec%anical transducer w%ic% con/erts an electrical signal into sound. 0%e term loudspeaker is used to refer to $ot% t%e de/ice itself, and a complete s&stem consisting of one or more loudspeaker driAers 5as t%e indi/idual units are

often called8 in an enclosure. 0%e loudspeaker is t%e most /aria$le element in an audio s&stem, and is responsi$le for marked audi$le differences $etween s&stems.

BIB(IO)#AP8Y
E ectronics Pro,ect 6or C1 6 rof. +.C. -%arma 5 .%d8 &e; Mi enium Physics 6 -.9.-%arma and R. @erat%

&"E#T Boo7>

%&sics