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Change (IPCC) has stated in no uncertain terms that global warming is no longer an issue that has to be debated. According to the report, global warming is here and drastic actions are needed for the long-term sustainability of our environment. In the present investigation an attempt is made to use the role of supplementary cementing materials as partial replacement for cement in concrete in reducing green house gas emissions. Concrete has today very demanding performance requirements. In fresh concrete it is essential to have fairly high degree cohesiveness, pumpability, slump retention and also self-compacting nature. In hardened concrete properties such as high early strengths and late strengths, high elastic modulus, low creep, dimensional stability, low permeability, self weight and chloride resistance, chemical resistance, frost resistance and abrasive resistance are required in combinations depending on the type of structure being constructed and its environment. The results confirmed that Silica Fume and Metakaolin performed better than other SCMs for the strength development and bulk resistivity. The ternary mixes containing Silica Fume, Metakaolin performed the best amongst all the mixes to resist the chloride diffusion. The mix containing FA showed favorable permeation results. All the binary and ternary combinations can be considered to have resulted in high performance concretes with excellent durability properties.
In the last decade, the use of supplementary cementing materials has become
an integral part of high strength and high performance concrete mix design. These can be natural materials, by-products or industrial wastes. Some of the commonly used supplementary cementing materials are Flyash, Silica Fume (SF), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA). The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of high strength and high performance concretes (HPC) containing supplementary cementitious materials in binary, ternary and tertiary blended concretes. Thus the research programme emphasises on the fact of using the industrial wastes like Fly ash, Blast Furnace Slag, Silica Fume, Metakaolin, Rice Husk Ash, etc., in concrete which can effectively reduce the global warming phenomenon. The research programme also emphasises on the microstructure study of High Performance Concrete by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) tests. HPC specimens when examined using SEM showed dense microstructure compared to the microstructure of conventional concrete. This may be due to the bond between the aggregates and hydrated particles. The incorporation of SCMs acts as super filler and induces high pozzolanic reaction, which consumes the CH crystals produced during hydration and converts to C-S-H gel. The capillary voids found to be very due to lesser W/B ratio. This may be reason for improvement in the mechanical properties.
INTRODUCTION
The human lives and civilization had been conditioned by the
ability of man to use / master the materials even from prehistoric times. With the advancement of civilization, man has seen trying to use new / advanced materials and construction practices. The historians differentiated the periods of mans development such as Stone age, Bronze age and Iron age. Now, the running period is the Concrete age. The worldwide consumption of concrete, at present is about 12,000 million tones a year. Man consumes no other material in such tremendous quantities next to water. The world is experiencing population explosion problem and the natural resources are depleting rapidly. There is no replenishment of the depleted natural resources. The world consumption of Portland cement has risen from 2 million tones in 1880 to 1.66 billion tones by 2000. This may go up to 2.00 billion tones by 2010. The world population in the year 2000 is 6.0 billion and it may increase up to 9.0 billion by 2025.
India with annual consumption exceeding 100 million cubic meters. It is well known that conventional concrete designed on the basis of compressive strength does not meet many functional requirements such as impermeability, resistance to frost, thermal cracking adequately. Conventional Portland cement concrete is found deficient in respect of: Durability in severe environments (Shorter service life and require maintenance) Time of construction (longer release time of forms and slower gain of strength) Energy absorption capacity (for earthquake-resistant structures) Repair and retrofitting jobs
The American Concrete Committee on HPC includes the following six criteria for material selections, mixing, placing, and curing procedures for concrete. Ease of placement Long term mechanical properties Early-age strength Toughness Life in severe environments Volumetric stability performance requirements can be grouped under the following three general categories.
(a) Attributes that benefit the construction process
(b) Attributes that lead to enhanced mechanical properties
DEFINITION OF HPC
The performance requirements of concrete cannot be the same for different applications. Hence the specific definition of HPC required for each industrial application is likely to vary. The Strategic Highway Research Programme (SHRP) has defined HPC for highway application on the following strength, durability, and w/c ratio criteria. (a) It should satisfy one of the following strength criteria: 4 hour strength - 17.5 Mpa 24 hour strength - 35.0 Mpa 28 days strength - 70.0 Mpa (b) It should have a durability factor greater than 80% after 300 cycles of freezing and thawing. (c) It should have a water-cement ratio of 0.35 or less.
In general, a High performance Concrete can be defined as that concrete which has the highest durability for any given strength class, and comparison between the concretes of different strength classes is not appropriate. This means that, with the available knowledge, one can always strive to achieve a better (most durable) concrete required for a particular application.
Paul Zia
HPC is a concrete, which meets special performance, and uniformity requirements that cannot be always achieved by using only the conventional materials and normal mixing, placing, and curing practices. The performance requirements may involve enhancement of placement and compaction without segregation and long term mechanical properties, early age strength, toughness, volume stability, service life. R .N. Swamy A High Performance concrete element is that which is designed to give optimized performance characteristics for a given set of load, usage and exposure conditions, consistent with requirement of cost, service life and durability. High Performance concrete has, (a) Very low porosity through a tight and refined pore structure of the cement paste. (b) Very low permeability of the concrete (c) High resistance to chemical attack. (d) Low heat of hydration (e) High early strength and continued strength development (f) High workability and control of slump (g) Low water binder ratio (h) Low bleeding and plastic shrinkage
High performance construction materials and systems: An essential program for American and infrastructure. HPC is a concrete in which some or all of the following properties have been enhanced
(a) Ease of placement (b) Long term mechanical properties (c) Early age strength (d) Toughness (e) Volume stability (f) Extended service life in severe environments American Concrete Institute (ACI) A more broad definition of HPC was adopted by the ACI. HPC was defined as concrete, which meets special performance and uniformity requirements that cannot be always be achieved routinely by using only conventional materials and normal mixing, placing and curing practices. The requirements may involve enhancement of placement and compaction without segregation, long term mechanical properties, early age strength, volume stability or service life in severe environments. Concretes possessing many of these characteristics often achieve higher strength. Therefore, HPC is often of high strength, but high strength concrete may not necessarily be of high performance.
LITERATURE REVIEW
One of the specific objectives of the present work is to conduct an extensive literature search and review so that the existing knowledge about the mechanical properties of High-Performance-Concrete (HPC) could be summarized and significant gaps in knowledge identified. There has been a phenomenal increase in the development and use of High-Performance Concrete (HPC) in the last decade in developed countries. In India, the applications of HPC are very limited at present mainly due to the lack of systematic research on different raw materials and production techniques. Lack of proper structural design procedures which can be used specially for structures to be constructed with HPC is another major hindrance in our country. Also, there are no specified codes and provisions for usage of HPC in India and there are no defined mix proportioning methods available at present. These points are to be addressed for better applications of this wonderful concrete in India.
1. K. Ganesh Babu (1994), in his paper entitled Early Strength Behavior of Fly Ash Concretes has studied the behavior of fly ash concretes in early ages. The strength of concrete at early ages has assumed a considerable significance in recent years due to the several specific requirements of the modern construction industry, like the early striking forms, early transfer of prestress etc.
2. Kazuyuki Torii and Mitsunori Kawamura (1994), in
their paper entitled Effects of Fly Ash and Silica Fume on the Resistance of Mortar to Sulfuric Acid and Sulfate Attack have studied the effect of fly ash and silica fume on the properties of concrete subjected to acidic attack and sulphate attack. 3. J.P. Behera, B. Sarangi, B.D. Nayak and H. S. Ray (2000), in their paper entitled Investigations on the Development of Blended Cement Using Activated Fly Ash, have carried out an investigation to develop blended cement using flyash in activated form. Activated flyash has been mixed in the ratio of 20 percent, 30 percent, 40 percent and 50 percent by replacing Portland cement clinker. The cements have been prepared by grinding in ball mill with 30 percent of gypsum.
4. S.C. Natesan, S. Ananda Kumar and D.L.Venkatesh Babu (2001), in their paper entitled Effect of Pulverized Fuel Ash (PFA) and Condensed Silica Fume (CSF) on the Strength of High Performance Concrete (HPC), have carried out an experimental investigation on the strength characteristics of high performance concrete (HPC). 5. H. Toutanji, N. Delatte, S. Aggoun, R. Duval, A. Danson, (2004), in their paper entitled Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on the Compressive Strength and Durability of Short-Term Cured Concrete, have carried out an experimental investigation on the effect supplementary cementitious materials (silica fume, fly ash, slag, and their combinations) on strength and durability of concrete cured for a short period of time14 days. 6. C.K. Park, M.H. Noh, T.H. Park (2005), in their paper entitled Rheological Properties of Cementitious Materials Containing Mineral Admixtures, have investigated the rheological properties of cementitious materials containing fine particles, such as mineral admixtures (MA), using a Rotovisco RT 20 rheometer (Haake) with a cylindrical spindle.
7. Medhat H. Shehata, Michael D.A. Thomas (2006), in their paper entitled Alkali Release Characteristics of Blended Cements, the authors have carried out an experimental programme to investigate the capacity of hydration products of different cementing materials to retain "bound" alkalis when the alkalinity of the surrounding solution drops. 8. H. S. Chen, W. Sun and P. Stroeven (2003), in their paper titled Prediction of Compressive Strength and Optimization of Mixture Proportioning in Ternary Cementitious Systems, have discussed the application of the method of the simplex-lattice design for predicting the properties of cement-based composites.
9. W. Langan, K. Weng, M.A. Ward (2002), in their paper entitled Effect of Silica Fume and Fly Ash on Heat of Hydration of Portland Cement, have presented the results of calorimeter tests on Portland cement-silica fume-fly ash mixtures. Data indicate that silica fume accelerates cement hydration at higher water /cementitious ratios and retards hydration at low water/cementitious ratio. On the other hand, fly ash retards cement hydration more significantly at high water/cementitious ratio. When silica fume and fly ash added together with cement, the reactivity of the silica fume is hampered and the hydration of the cementitious system is significantly retarded
Effect of addition of two supplementary cementitious materials on the properties of concrete subjected to chloride attack by Rapid chloride permeability test. Effect of addition of two supplementary cementitious materials on the properties of concrete subjected to acidic attack. Effect of addition of two supplementary cementitious materials on the properties of concrete subjected to alkaline attack. Effect of addition of two supplementary cementitious materials on the properties of concrete subjected to sulphate attack. Scanning electron microscope studies on the microstructure of concrete containing two supplementary cementitious materials Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) microscope studies on the microstructure of concrete containing two supplementary cementitious materials
any successful investigation, number of trial tests has to be performed to study the performance of material and trend of results of investigation before arriving at a concrete conclusion. When a new material is to be used/ adopted for a particular application, the properties of that material are to be very essentially known before the actual application. Without knowing the properties of the material, it may not be possible to recommend a particular material for a particular application. From pre-historic times, the human lives and civilization had been conditioned by the ability of man to use/master, the materials. The recent technological developments have opened many avenues for improving not only the mechanical but the durability properties of concrete by using suitable materials and methods.
CEMENT
Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) of 53 grade with brand name Zuari Cement confirming to IS: 8112-1989 was used for this study. The physical properties of cement are furnished in table.
Sl. No Parameter Value Permissible limit IS:12269-1987 as per
1
2 3 4 5
90
320 3.15 1.0
Not less than 27 MPa Not less than 37 MPa Not less than 53 Mpa
Fine Aggregate
The locally available good quality Fine aggregate (sand) from the Swarnamukhi River was used. The properties of the F.A were determined by conducting test in accordance with IS : 2386 : 1963 The properties of fine aggregate are given below. Grading zone = zone II as per IS 383 Specific gravity = 2.61 Bulk density = 1712 kg/cu.m Fineness modulus = 2.97
1. 2.
3.
4.
COARSE AGGREGATE
The locally available good quality coarse aggregate was used. The properties of the C.A were determined by conducting test in accordance with IS : 2386 : 1963 The properties of coarse aggregate are given below. CA 1 (20 mm down) CA 2 (12.5 mm down) = 20 mm , 12 mm = 8.7% , 14.26% = 2.62 , 2.62 = 1714 kg/cu.m , 1658kg/cu. m
1. 2.
3.
4.
WATER
Potable water was used for mixing and curing of concrete.
FLYASH
Fly ash was obtained from the M/s Ennore Thermal Power Station, Tamilnadu, India. The physicochemical analysis of sample was presented below.
.
Silica Fume
The Silica Fume used in the experimentation was obtained from Elkem Laboratory, Navi Mumbai. The chemical composition of Silica Fume is shown below
Metakaoline
The Metakaoline was obtained from M/s. 20 Microns Limited, Baroda, India.
Super Plasticizer
VARAPLAST SP123
It is a chloride free, Superplasticising admixture based on selected synthetic polymers. It is supplied as a brown solution which is instantly dispersible in water and also it can provide very high level of water reduction and hence major increase in strength can be obtained coupled with good retention of workability to aid placement.
VARAPLAST PC100
A high performance concrete superplasticizer based on modified polycarboxilic ether, supplied from M/s Akarsh specialties', Chennai.
strength tests on various concrete mixtures of different grades at different ages. Split tensile strength tests on various concrete mixtures of different grades at different ages.
attack test Alkaline attack test Sulfate attack test Rapid Chloride permeability test
Micro study
to cast the concrete specimens. After through mixing of all the ingredients of concrete, the concrete was poured in cube moulds. Concrete was compacted by using 16mm diameter steel rod. After filling the mould with concrete in three layers, the moulds were kept on the vibrating plat form. The moulds were vibrated for 2 minutes. The excess concrete was removed by steel scale and the cubes were demoulded after 24 hours and immersed in clean water for curing till testing. For compression,Split tension , acid attack, alkaline attack, sulphate attack, 150x150x150mm cubes were prepared .For split tensile strength test 300mm height 150mm diameter specimens were prepared. For Rapid chloride permeability test, 100mm diameter, 50mm thick specimens were casted.
MIX PROPORTIONS
Mix design is the process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their relative quantities with the purpose of producing an economical concrete which has certain minimum properties notably, workability, strength and durability. The various methods of mix proportioning generally used for the design of Ordinary concrete are all based on the relation between strength and water / cement ratio as well as workability, water / cement and aggregate / cement ratios. In the present work, proportions for high strength & high performance concrete mix designs of various concrete grades were carried out according to IS:10262-2009 & IS:10262-1983 recommendations.
term performance of concrete structures, especially those exposed to aggressive environment. A durable concrete should maintain its original form, quality and serviceability when exposed to the surrounding environment during its designed service life. Failure of concrete after a period less than the lifetime for which it is designed may be caused by the environment or by a variety of internal causes. Internal causes may lie in the choice of materials or in appropriate combination of materials. Of all the causes of lack of durability in concrete, the most widespread is concrete permeability. Permeable concrete is vulnerable to attack by almost all classes of aggressive agents In the present investigation, an attempt is made to evaluate the acid, alkaline, sulphate resistance of concrete and rapid chloride permeability test on concrete.
150mm were casted after 28 days of water curing, the specimens were removed from the curing tank and allowed to dry for one day. The weights of concrete cube specimens were taken. The acid attack test on concrete specimens was conducted by immersing the cubes in the acid water for 60days after 28days of curing. Hydrochloric acid (Hel) with pH of about 2 at 5% weight of water was added to water in which the concrete cubes were stored. The pH was maintained throughout the period of 60days. After 60days of immersion, the concrete cubes were taken out of the acid water and the weights of cubes were recorded after wiping out the acid water on the surface of the cubes. Then, the specimens were tested for compressive strength duly following the procedure prescribed in IS: 516-1959. The resistance of concrete to acid attack was found by the loss of weight of specimens and the loss / variation of the compressive strengths on immersion of concrete cubes in acid water.
attack, the residual compressive strength of concrete mixtures / concrete cubes of 150x150x150mm size immersed in alkaline waters having 5% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) by weight of water was found . The concrete cubes of 150mm size which were cured in water for 28days were taken from the curing tanks and allowed to dry for one day. The weights of dry specimens were noted. Then the cubes were immersed in alkaline waters continuously for 60days. The alkalinity of water was maintained same throughout the test period. After 60days of immersion in alkaline water, the cubes were removed and the weights of cubes were taken after wiping out the water and grit from the surface of the specimens. The compressive strengths of cubes which were cured in water for 28days and immersed in alkaline water for 60days was determined as per the procedure prescribed in IS:516-1959.
studied by determining the loss of compressive strength or variation m compressive strength of concrete cubes immersed in sulphate water having 5% of sodium sulphate (Na2804) and 5% of 'Magnesium sulphate (Mg804) by weight of water and those which are not immersed in sulphate water. The concrete cubes of 150mm size after 28days of water curing and dried for one day were immersed in 5% Na2S04 and 5%. MgS04 added water for 60days. The concentration of sulphate water was maintained throughout the period. After 60days immersion period, the concrete cubes were removed from the sulphate waters and after wiping out the water and girt from the surface of cubes tested for compressive strength following the procedure prescribed in IS: 516-1959. This type of accelerated test of finding out the loss of compressive strength for assessing sulphate resistance of concrete was proposed by Mehta (1980).
carried out as per ASTM C-1202-97. This test method covers the determination of the electrical conductance of concrete to provide a rapid indication of its resistance to penetration of chloride ions. Standard cylindrical disc specimens of size 100mm diameter and 50mm thick after 60days water curing were used in this test. As per ASTMC 1202-97, specimens with other dimensions, when used for testing, the test result value of the total charge passed through must be adjusted. The apparatus consists of variable D.C. power supply which feeds constant stabilized voltage to the cells. The cells are made up of polymethyl methacrylate. The concrete specimens are kept in between the cells. The cells are connected to main instrument through 3 pin plug and socket for voltage feeding. The charge of current flowing through the specimen is measured by using an accurate digital current meter. The cells have grooved recess on one face and closed at other end. The specimen can be fit into the open faces of the cells. One of the cells is filled with sodium chloride (NaCl) solution 2.4M concentration and the other is filled with 0.3M Sodium hydroxide (NaOH-0.3M) solution.
epoxy on their curved faces and mounted in the open spaces of the two cells. After checking the leak proofness, a 60V potential difference is applied between the electrodes. The electrochemical cell in the assembly results in migration of the chloride ions from sodium hydroxide solution through the pores of the concrete specimen. The current passed was noted at every 30 minutes over a period of 6 hours and the total electric charge passed through the specimen is calculated using the expression.
Total charge passed (in coulombs) Qc
= [I0 + 2(I30 + I60 + I90 + I120 + I150 + I180 + I210 + I240 + I270 + I300 + I330) + I360 +]
As per ASTMC -1202 (5), the concrete resistance to chloride permeability is classified as follows.
Charge (coulombs) 4000 2000 4000 1000 - 2000 100 1000 < 100
TABLE: RESULTS OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH (FA, SF, MK)
AVERAGE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(Mpa)
S.NO
1 2
M30 WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE
ONLY CEMENT
18.10 17.70
32.20 33.50
37.80 38.70
38.50 39.30
21.70
34.30
39.50
40.70
20.40
31.20
36.40
37.80
TABLE: RESULTS OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH (FA, SF, MK)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(Mpa) SL.NO GRADE OF CONCRETE
7DAYS
28 DAYS
90 DAYS
180 DAYS
ONLY CEMENT
22.70
33.40
38.80
39.40
24.40
34.60
39.80
40.60
27.40
37.10
43.30
44.40
28.80
39.40
45.50
46.60
TABLE: RESULTS OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH (FA, SF, MK)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (Mpa) SL.NO GRADE OF CONCRETE
7DAYS
ONLY CEMENT
32.80
43.20
49.50
50.20
35.60
48.30
54.60
55.30
M40
3
36.70
49.30
55.50
56.80
38.30
51.40
57.80
55.20
TABLE: RESULTS OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY & TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH (FA, SF, MK)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (MPa)
S.NO
GRADE OF CONCRETE
1 2
38.70
51.80
58.20
59.60
M50
35.00
53.70
59.80
61.20
34.67
51.10
57.10
57.90
35.60
52.40
58.40
59.10
In high performance concrete mix design as water/cement ratio adopted is low, super plasticizers are necessary to maintain required workability. As the percentage of mineral admixtures is increased in the mix, the percentage of super plasticizer should also be increased, for thorough mixing and for obtaining the desired strength. In M50 grade of concrete as the water-cement ratios of 0.397 is insufficient to provide the good workability, hence super plasticizer is necessary for making high strength concrete. In case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M50 grade concrete is 61.20 Mpa with replacement of 10 % Metakaoline. In case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M50 grade concrete is 59.10 Mpa with replacement of 20% flyash and 10 % Metakaoline.
TABLE: RESULTS of COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH (FA, SF, MK)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
SL.NO GRADE OF CONCRETE 1 ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 10% SILICA WITH 20% FLYASH 10% METAKAOLIN
7DAYS
38.30
28 DAYS 90 DAYS
59.50 64.50
180 DAYS
65.10
2
3
50-75
50-75
35.10
44.00
60.20
62.20
66.40
68.90
67.10
70.30
M60
50-75
42.00
64.50
71.10
72.10
50-75
40.00
63.10
68.80
69.30
50-75
44.20
60.40
65.60
66.20
DISCUSSION
In M60 grade of concrete as the watercement ratios of 0.341 is insufficient to provide the good workability, hence super plasticizer is necessary for making high strength concrete. In case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 72.10 Mpa with replacement of 10 % Metakaoline. In case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 69.30 Mpa with replacement of 20% flyash and 10 % Silica Fume.
TABLE: RESULTS of COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH (FA, SF, MK)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
SL.NO
GRADE OF CONCRETE
SLUMP (mm)
7DAYS
38.30 39.40
28 DAYS
67.20 69.10
90 DAYS
72.10 74.70
180 DAYS
72.80 75.60
1 2
100 100
M70
100
53.40
71.10
77.10
78.20
100
40.30
73.30
79.20
79.90
DISCUSSION
In high performance concrete mix design as water/cement ratio adopted is low, super plasticizers are necessary to maintain required workability. As the percentage of mineral admixtures is increased in the mix, the percentage of super plasticizer should also be increased, for thorough mixing and for obtaining the desired strength. In M70 grade of concrete as the water-cement ratios of 0.317 is insufficient to provide the good workability, hence super plasticizer is necessary for making HPC. Present study reveals that in case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M70 grade concrete is 79.90 MPa with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Metakaoline for 180 days curing
TABLE: RESULTS of COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH (FA, SF, MK,BS)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(Mpa) SL.NO GRADE OF CONCRETE 1 2 ONLY CEMENT
7DAYS
39.00 36.40
28 DAYS
74.00 76.10
41.10
81.30
87.60
88.20
M80
4
WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% BLAST FURNACE SLAG
42.20
82.20
88.30
88.90
38.20
79.60
85.30
86.10
DISCUSSION
In high performance concrete mix design as water/cement ratio adopted is low, super plasticizers are necessary to maintain required workability. As the percentage of mineral admixtures is increased in the mix, the percentage of super plasticizer should also be increased, for thorough mixing and for obtaining the desired strength. In M80 grade of concrete as the water-cement ratios of 0.283 is insufficient to provide the good workability, hence super plasticizer is necessary for M80 grade of concrete. In case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 88.9 Mpa with replacement of 20% flyash and 13.23% of Metakaoline.
TABLE: RESULTS of COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY /ternary blended CONCRETE WITH (FA, SF, MK,bs)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (Mpa) SL.NO GRADE OF CONCRETE
7DAYS
1 2 ONLY CEMENT WITH 25% FYASH WITH 33% FLYASH 15.13% SILICA FUME 37.20 38.90
28 DAYS
89.50 91.10
90 DAYS
94.10 96.60
180 DAYS
94.60 97.10
39.80
91.30
96.80
97.40
M90
4
38.70
92.40
97.80
98.30
38.10
89.10
95.20
95.80
DISCUSSION
In M90 grade of concrete as the water-cement ratio 0.261 is insufficient to provide the good workability, hence super plasticizer is necessary for M90 grade of concrete. In case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M90 grade concrete is 98.3 Mpa with replacement of 33% flyash and 15.13% Metakaoline.
TABLE: RESULTS OF SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED concrete (FA, SF, MK)
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH(MPa) SL. GRADE OF CONCRETE NO
7DAYS
28 DAYS
90 DAYS
180 DAYS
ONLY CEMENT
2.16
2.86
3.26
3.42
2.48
3.52
3.68
3.82
2.52
3.58
3.75
3.95
2.56
4.12
3.86
4.2
DISCUSSION
From the results it can be observed in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M30 grade concrete (without chemical admixture) is 4.22 MPa with replacement of 10% Metakaoline.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS OF SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF BINARY (FA, SF, MK)
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH(MPa) SL.N O GRADE OF CONCRETE 7DAYS 28 DAYS 90 DAYS 180 DAYS
ONLY CEMENT
3.23
2.98
3.56
3.92
2.54
3.54
3.84
4.2
2.72
3.82
4.1
4.35
2.82
4.36
4.38
4.62
DISCUSSION
In case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M30 grade concrete (with chemical admixture) is 4.62 MPa with replacement of 10% Metakaoline.
7DAYS
28 DAYS
90 DAYS
180 DAYS
2.96
3.24
3.65
3.95
2.98
3.56
3.92
4.32
M40
3.25
3.86
4.22
4.42
3.45
4.38
4.45
4.76
DISCUSSION
In case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M30 grade concrete (with chemical admixture) is 4.62 MPa with replacement of 10% Metakaoline.
STRENGTH OF BINARY (FA, SF, MK) AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH (FA+SF) AND (FA+MK)
7DAYS
3.85
28 DAYS
4.34
2 3
4
3.88 3.32
3.53
3.62 3.92
4.45
4.1 4.3
4.56
4.42 4.5
4.82
M50
WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 20% FLYASH 10% METAKAOLIN
3.92
3.63
4.18
4.49
3.48
4.32
4.39
4.65
DISCUSSION
In case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split tensile strength achieved in M50 grade concrete is 4.82 Mpa with replacement of 10 % of Metakaoline. In case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split tensile strength achieved in M50 grade concrete is 4.65 Mpa with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10 % of Metakaoline.
TABLE: RESULTS SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF BINARY (FA, SF, MK) AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH (FA+SF) AND (FA+MK) SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH(MPa)
SL.NO GRADE OF CONCRETE
7DAYS
1 ONLY CEMENT 3.92
28 DAYS
4.48
2 3
4
3.98 4.1
4.22
4.16 4.15
4.32
4.2 4.26
4.4
4.48 4.49
4.52
M60
5
4.18
4.28
4.37
4.49
4.1
4.2
4.35
4.36
DISCUSSION
In case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.52 Mpa with replacement of 10 % of Metakaoline. In case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.49 Mpa with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10 % of Metakaoline.
TABLE: RESULTS SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF BINARY (FA) AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH (FA+SF) AND (FA+MK)
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH
SL. GRADE OF CONCRETE NO
7DAYS
4.82
28 DAYS
5.28
90 DAYS
5.38
180 DAYS
5.42
ONLY CEMENT
4.88
5.32
5.42
5.48
M70
4.92
5.38
5.46
5.52
4.98
5.41
5.49
5.58
DISCUSSION
Experimental study shows that in case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M70 grade concrete is 5.58 MPa with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Metakaoline for 180 days curing period.
TABLE: RESULTS SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF BINARY (FA) AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH (FA+SF) AND (FA+MK) AND (FA+BFS)
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH(MPa) SL. NO
GRADE OF CONCRETE
7DAYS
ONLY CEMENT WITH 33.23% FLYASH 5.1 5.25
28 DAYS
5.72 5.82
90 DAYS
5.84 5.94
180 DAYS
5.92 5.98
1 2
5.32
5.88
5.98
6.12
M80
4
5.38
5.92
6.18
6.22
5.36
5.88
6.1
6.18
DISCUSSION
In case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 6.12 Mpa with replacement of 20% flyash and 13.23% of Metakaoline
TABLE: RESULTS SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF BINARY (FA) AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH (FA+SF) AND (FA+MK)
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH(Mpa)
28 DAYS
5.78
7DAYS
5.36
90 DAYS
5.82
180 DAYS
5.88
5.38
5.8
5.84
5.92
5.4
5.82
5.87
5.95
M90
4 WITH 33% FLYASH 15.13% METAKAOLIN WITH 33% FLYASH 15.13% SLAG 5.5 5.88 5.9 6.1
5.48
5.86
5.88
5.92
DISCUSSION
In case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split tensile strength achieved in M90 grade concrete is 6.10 Mpa with replacement of 33% flyash and 15.13% Metakaoline.
CaCO3 + H2O
Effect of Addition of Two Supplementary Cementitious Materials on the Properties of Concrete Subjected To Acidic Attack Objective: In this experimental investigation, the effect of addition of combination of two supplementary cementitious materials constituting the ternary blended concrete when subjected to acidic attack is studied. Ordinary Portland cement is replaced by two supplementary cementitious materials. Fly ash, silica fume, blast furnace slag and Metakaoline are the supplementary cementitious materials used as ternary blends in combinations of (fly ash + silica fume), (fly ash + blast furnace slag) and (fly ash + Metakaoline) in various proportions and binary blends in (Flyash, Silica Fume, Blast furnace Slag, Metakaolin) in various proportions. Specimens were cast to study the compressive strength when subjected to acidic attack for 90 days
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, and MK) subjected to acidic attack
ACID CURING (HCL SOLUTION)
SL. NO
GRADE OF CONCRETE
% LOSS IN WEIGHT @ 90 DAYS % LOSS IN STRENGTH @90 DAYS
1 2 3 4
ONLY CEMENT
20 21 21.5 19.2
WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
ONLY CEMENT
Fig: Variation of acidic attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK)
Conclusions:It is observed from the results the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Acids for M30 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete are 1.54%, 21.5% with replacement of 10% Silica Fume and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 1.46%, 19.2% with replacement of 10% Metakaoline. There is considerable variation in loss of weight and strength only with Flyash replacement.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) subjected to acidic attack
ACID CURING (HCL SOLUTION)
SL. NO
GRADE OF CONCRETE
ONLY CEMENT
0.56
0.62
9.1
9.28
0.69
9.54
0.75
10
ONLY CEMENT
WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
9.1
9.28
9.54
10
Fig: Variation of acidic attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK)
Conclusions:It is observed from the results the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Acids for M30 (with chemical admixture) grade concrete are 0.75%, 10% with replacement of 10% Metakaoline and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 0.62%, 9.28% with replacement of 20% Flyash. There is considerable variation in loss of weight and strength only with
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) subjected to acidic attack
ACID CURING (HCL SOLUTION) SL.NO GRADE OF CONCRETE % LOSS IN WEIGHT % LOSS IN WEIGHT @ 90 DAYS @ 90 DAYS 1.1 12.8
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
2
3 4 M40
1.18
1.22 1.25
14.9
15.4 16
16
14 12 10 8 6 4 % LOSS IN STRENGTH @90 DAYS
2
0 ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of acidic attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK)
Conclusions:It is observed from the results the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Acids for M40 grade concrete are 1.25%, 16% with replacement of 10% Metakaoline and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 1.18%, 14.9% with replacement of 20% Flyash. There is considerable variation in loss of weight and strength only with Silica Fume replacement.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF) (FA+MK) subjected to acidic attack
ACID CURING (HCL SOLUTION)
SL.NO
GRADE OF CONCRETE
1
2 3 4 5 M50
ONLY CEMENT
WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 10% SILICA WITH 20% FLYASH 10% METAKAOLIN
1.15
1.18 1.22 1.3 1.2
14.61
14.85 15.8 16.2 15.2
6
1.35 1.3 1.25 1.2 1.15 1.1 1.05
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH
1.26
16
16.2 15.2
16
Variation of acidic attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK)
CONCLUSION: It is observed from the results the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Acids for M 50 grade concrete are 1.26%, 16% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Metakaoline and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 1.2%, 15.2% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Silica Fume. There is considerable reduction in loss of weight and strength only with Flyash replacement.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF)
SL.NO
GRADE OF CONCRETE
1 2 3 4 5 M60
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 10% SILICA
1.72
16.68
Fig: Variation
of acidic attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK)
Conclusions:It is observed from the results the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Acids for M60 grade concrete are 1.82%, 17% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Silica Fume and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 1.72%, 16.68% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Metakaoline. There is considerable reduction in loss of weight and strength only with Flyash replacement.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF) (FA+MK) subjected to acidic attack
SL.NO
GRADE OF CONCRETE
1 2
M70
WITH 15% FLYASH 10%SILICA FUME WITH 20% FLYASH 10% METAKAOLIN
1.4
15.5
2.23
15.14
0
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of acidic attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended
concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK)
Conclusions:It is observed from the results the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Acids for M70 grade concrete are 2.23%, 15.14% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Metakaoline and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 1.4%, 15.5% with replacement of 15% Flyash and 10% Silica Fume. There is considerable increase in loss of weight and strength only with flyash replacement.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF) (FA+MK) subjected to acidic attack
ACID CURING (HCL SOLUTION)
SL.NO 1 2 3
M80
2.5
34
2.38
32.8
WITH 33.23% FYASH WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SILICA WITH FUME 20% FLYASH 13.23% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SLAG
34
33.5 33 32.5 32 31.5 31 30.5
ONLY CEMENT WITH 33.23% FYASH WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SILICA FUME WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SLAG
Fig: Variation of acidic attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK)
Conclusions:It is observed from the results the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Acids for M80 grade concrete are 2.5%, 34% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 13.23% metakaoline and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 2.38%, 32.8% with replacement of 20% flyash, 13.23% blast furnace slag. There is considerable reduction in loss of weight and strength only with flyash replacement.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF) (FA+MK) subjected to acidic attack
ACID CURING (HCL SOLUTION)
SL.NO 1 2
GRADE OF CONCRETE ONLY CEMENT WITH 33.23% FYASH WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SILICA FUME
2.46
33.2
M80
4
WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% BLAST FURNACE SLAG
2.5
34
2.38
32.8
WITH 33.23% FYASHWITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SILICA WITH FUME 20% FLYASH 13.23% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SLAG
34
33.5 33 32.5 % LOSS IN STRENGTH @90 DAYS
32
31.5 31 30.5
ONLY CEMENT WITH 33.23% FYASH WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SILICA FUME WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SLAG
Fig: Variation of acidic attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK)
Conclusions:It is observed from the results the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Acids for M80 grade concrete are 2.5%, 34% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 13.23% metakaoline and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 2.38%, 32.8% with replacement of 20% flyash, 13.23% blast furnace slag. There is considerable reduction in loss of weight and strength only with flyash replacement.
26.5
26 25.5
ONLY CEMENT WITH 52% FYASH WITH 33% FLYASH 15.13% SILICA FUME WITH 33% FLYASH 15.13% METAKAOLIN WITH 33% FLYASH 15.13% SLAG
Fig: Variation of acidic attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK)
Conclusions:From results the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Acids for M90 grade concrete are 1.8%, 30% with replacement of 33% Flyash and 15.13% of Metakaoline and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 1.42%, 27.2% with replacement of 33% flyash and 15.13% Blast furnace slag. There is considerable reduction in loss of weight and strength only with flyash replacement.
The alkali-silica or alkali-carbonate reactions in concrete cause expansion. Silicious gel formed by reaction between the cement alkalies and silica minerals absorb water and exerts a swelling pressure. The probable factors that affect the reactivity of silica include the nature of cations (OH)- in solid solution, the micropore structure, internal strain and the degree of crystalline disorder. The reaction mechanism of reactive silica with alkalies is generally described as involiving the penetration of hrdroxyl ions into the aggregate to break siloxy linkages between SO4 tetrahedra or to react with terminal acidic silanol groups. The resultant negatively charged silicate fragments are electrically balanced by positive Na+ and K+ ions from the cement paste pore fluid forming a sodium-potassium-silicate gel. The gel imbibes water and swells and generates sufficient hydraulic pressure to induce cracking in the surrounding concrete. (Dent-Glasser et.al. 1981).
Table: Overall results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, and MK) subjected to alkaline attack
ALKALINE CURING (NaOH)
SL.NO GRADE OF CONCRETE
1 2
M30 WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE
0.84
6.75
0.75
6.58
0.7
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
6.55
6.5 6.45 ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of alkaline attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK)
Conclusions:Present investigation shows that the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Alkalinity for M30 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete are 0.84%, 6.75% with replacement of 10% Silica Fume and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 0.75%, 6.58% with replacement 10% Metakaoline. There is considerable variation in loss of weight and strength only with Flyash replacement.
Table: Overall results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) subjected to alkaline attack
ALKALINE CURING (NaOH) SL.NO GRADE OF CONCRETE
1
2
M30 WITH CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE
ONLY CEMENT
WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME
0.5
0.54
0.68
6.84
0.79
6.92
0.8
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1
0
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
6.6
6.5 6.4 6.3 6.2 % LOSS IN STRENGTH @90 DAYS
6.1
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of alkaline attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK)
Conclusions:Present investigation shows that the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Alkalinity for M30 (with chemical admixture) grade concrete are 0.79%, 6.92% with replacement of 10% Metakaoline and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 0.54%, 6.58% with replacement of 20% Flyash. There is considerable variation in loss of weight and strength only with Silica Fume replacement.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) subjected to alkaline attack
ALKALINE CURING (NaOH) SL.NO GRADE OF CONCRETE
1 2
M40
1.42
18.2
1.5
19
1.5
1.45 1.4
1.35
1.3 1.25 1.2 1.15 ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH
Fig: Variation of alkaline attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK)
Conclusions:Present investigation shows that the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Alkalinity for M40 grade concrete are 1.5%, 19% with replacement of 10% Metakaoline and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 1.36%, 16% with replacement 20% Flyash. There is considerable variation in loss of weight and strength only with Silica Fume replacement.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF) (FA+MK) subjected to alkaline attack
ALKALINE CURING (NaOH)
SL.NO 1
2 3 4 5
GRADE OF CONCRETE ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 10% SILICA WITH 20% FLYASH 10% METAKAOLIN
M50
2.65
12.9
12.6 12.4
12.2 12 11.8 11.6 11.4 11.2 ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 10% SILICA WITH 20% FLYASH 10% METAKAOLIN % LOSS IN STRENGTH @90 DAYS
Fig: Variation of alkaline attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK)
Conclusions:Present investigations shows that the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compression strength due to Alkalinity for M 50 grade concrete are 2.65%, 12.9% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Metakaloine and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 2.2%, 12.2% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Silica Fume. There is considerable reduction in loss of weight and strength only with Flyash replacement.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF) (FA+MK) subjected to alkaline attack
ALKALINE CURING (NaOH) SL.NO GRADE OF CONCRETE ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 10% SILICA WITH 20% FLYASH 10% METAKAOLIN % LOSS IN WEIGHT @ 90 DAYS 1.65 1.88 % LOSS IN WEIGHT @ 90 DAYS
1 2
12.47 12.58
12.85
M60
2.67
13.17
2.34
12.92
1.94
12.65
Conclusions:Present investigation shows that the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Alkalinity for M60 grade concrete are 2.34%, 12.92% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Silica Fume and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 1.94%, 12.65% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Metakaoline. There is considerable reduction in loss of weight and strength only with Flyash replacement. Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF)(FA+MK)subjected to alkaline attack
ALKALINE CURING (NaOH)
SL.NO 1 2 3
GRADE OF CONCRETE ONLY CEMENT WITH 25% FLYASH WITH 15% FLYASH 10%SILICA FUME WITH 20% FLYASH 10% METAKAOLIN
% LOSS IN WEIGHT @ % LOSS IN WEIGHT @ 90 DAYS 90 DAYS 1.8 1.5 2.1 23 26.8 17.2
M70
3.3
19.2
0
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
10
5 0 ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of alkaline attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK)
Conclusions:Present investigation shows that the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Alkalinity for M70 grade concrete are 3.3%, 19.2% with replacement of 20% flyash and 10% Metakaoline and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 2.1%, 17.2% with replacement of 15% flyash and 10% of silica fume. There is considerable reduction in loss of weight and strength only with Flyash replacement. Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF), (FA+MK), (FA+BFS) subjected to alkaline attack
ALKALINE CURING (NaOH)
SL.NO 1 2
GRADE OF CONCRETE ONLY CEMENT WITH 33.23% FYASH WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SILICA FUME
3.62
24
M80
WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% BLAST FURNACE SLAG
3.8
24.3
3.58
23.45
3.8
3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 ONLY CEMENT WITH 33.23% FYASH WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SILICA FUME WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SLAG % LOSS IN WEIGHT @90 DAYS
23.5
23 22.5 22 ONLY CEMENT WITH 33.23% WITH 20% WITH 20% WITH 20% FYASH FLYASH 13.23% FLYASH 13.23% FLYASH 13.23% SILICA FUME METAKAOLIN SLAG
% LOSS IN STRENGTH
@90 DAYS
Fig: Variation of alkaline attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF), (FA+MK), (FA+BFS)
Conclusions:Present investigation shows that the maximum percentage loss in weight and percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Alkalinity for M80 grade concrete are 3.8%, 24.3% with replacement of 20% flyash and 13.23% blast furnace slag and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 3.55%, 23.2% with replacement of 20% flyash and 13.23% of silica fume. There is considerable reduction in loss of weight and strength only with Flyash replacement.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF), (FA+MK), (FA+BFS) subjected to alkaline attack
ALKALINE CURING (NaOH)
SL.NO 1 2 3
GRADE OF CONCRETE % LOSS IN WEIGHT % LOSS IN WEIGHT @ 90 DAYS @ 90 DAYS ONLY CEMENT 2.15 16.8 WITH 52% 2.2 17.5 FYASH WITH 33% FLYASH 15.13% 2.4 18 SILICA FUME WITH 33% M90 FLYASH 15.13% 2.5 19 METAKAOLIN WITH 33% FLYASH 15.13% 1.89 15.9 BLAST FURNACE SLAG
@90
15.5
15 14.5 14 ONLY CEMENT WITH WITH 52% 33% FYASH FLYASH WITH15.13% 3% FLYASH SILICA WITH 15.13% FUME 33% METAKAOLIN FLYASH 15.13% SLAG
Fig: Variation of alkaline attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF), (FA+MK), (FA+BFS)
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss in weight and ercentage reduction in compressive strength due to Alkalinity for M90 grade concrete are 2.5%, 19% with replacement of 33% Flyash and 15.13% of metakaoline and the minimum percentage loss in weight and strength are 1.89%,15.9% with replacement of 33% Flyash and 15.13% Blast Furnace Slag. There is considerable reduction in loss of weight and strength only with flyash replacement.
SULPHATE RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE GENERAL Among the cement hydration products, alumina-bearing phases and calcium hydroxide are more susceptible to concrete sulphate attack which produce ettringate and gypsum in sulphate environment. The consequence of sulphate attack is excessive expansion of concrete. The low density compounds formed due to sulphate attack occupy more volume of place than available to them causing expansion of concrete. A more subtle consequence of sulphate attack may be building up of localized stress and localized micro cracking within microstructure that may not be observed externally. The incorporation of flyash increases the porosity of cement paste, but the average poresize is reduced. This results in a less permeable paste which is less susceptible to the ingress of harmful solution. Flyash reacts with Ca(OH)2 forming C-S-H. so a susceptible compound with poor cementitious property is replaced by a more resistance and better bonding agent. The mechanism of sulphate attack is in two forms. (i) The internal (ii) the external. The crystalline gypsum as an internal source of sulphate ions react with C3A contained in cement paste to form ettringite crystals. The amount of extra gysum lower the intrinsic strength of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) due to the presence of sulphate ions in the in its structure. In external attack, the diffusion of sulphate ions form the external environmental effect diffuse into matrix and react with Ca(OH)2 to form CaSO4. The gradual removal of Ca (OH)2 and replacement by CaSO4 results in loss of strength.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, and MK) subjected to sulphate resistance attack
SL. GRADE OF CONCRETE NO ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH M30 WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTUR E WITH 10% SILICA FUME SULPHATE RESISTANCE (MgSO4) (% LOSS IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH @ 90days) 8.6
9.5
7.8
7 6 5 4 3 2
1 0
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of sulphate resistance attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) Conclusions:It is identified that the maximum percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Sulphates of M30 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 9.5% with replacement 10% Silica Fume and the minimum percentage reduction in strength is 7.8% with 10% Metakaoline .
Table:Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) subjected to sulphate resistance attack
SL.N O
GRADE OF CONCRETE
ONLY CEMENT
7.6
8.5
10
Fig: Variation of sulphate resistance attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) Conclusions:It is identified that the maximum percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Sulphates of M30 (with chemical admixture) grade concrete is 10 % with replacement of 10% Metakaoline and the minimum percentage reduction in strength is 8.5% with 20% Flyash.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF) (FA+MK) subjected to sulphate resistance attack
SL. NO
GRADE OF CONCRETE
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 10% SILICA
M50
5
10.89
10.78
Fig: Variation of sulphate resistance attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK) Conclusions:It is indentified that the maximum percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Sulphates of M 50 grade concrete is 10.89% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Silica Fume and the minimum percentage reduction in strength is 10.78% with 20% Flyash and 10% Metakaoline.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF) (FA+MK) subjected to sulphate resistance attack
1 2
11.6 11.55
11.42
4 M60
11.3
11.5 11.4
11.3 11.2 11.1
Fig: Variation of sulphate resistance attack for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK) Conclusions:It is identified that the maximum percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Sulphates of M60 grade concrete is 11.50% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Metakaoline and the minimum percentage reduction in strength is 11.35% with 20% Flyash and 10% Silica Fume. There is considerable reduction in strength only with Metakaoline replacement.
Table: Results of sulphate resistance of Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF) (FA+MK)
1 2
ONLY CEMENT WITH 25% FLYASH WITH 20% FLYASH 10%SILICA FUME
M70
11.7
11.65
Fig: Variation of sulphate resistance for Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK) Conclusions:It is identified that the maximum percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Sulphates of M70 grade concrete is 11.70% with replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% Silica Fume and the minimum percentage reduction in strength is 11.65% with 20% Flyash, 10% Metakaoline.
Table: Results of sulphate resistance of Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF), (FA+MK), (FA+BFS) subjected to sulphate resistance attack
SL. GRADE OF CONCRETE NO
1
12.95 12.9
12.5
M80
4
WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% BLAST FURNANCE SLAG
12.4
12.65
Fig: Variation of sulphate resistance for Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF), (FA+MK), (FA+BFS) Conclusions:It is identified that the maximum percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Sulphates of M80 grade concrete is 12.65% with replacement of 20% flyash and 13.23% blast furnace slag and the minimum percentage reduction in strength is 12.4% with 33% flyash, 15.13% Metakaoline.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF), (FA+MK), (FA+BFS) subjected to sulphate resistance attack
SL. NO GRADE OF CONCRETE SULPHATE RESISTANCE (MgSO4) (% LOSS IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH @ 90days)
ONLY CEMENT
14.5
14
13.8
M90
4
13.2
Fig: Variation of sulphate resistance for Binary blended concrete with (FA) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF), (FA+MK), (FA+BFS) Conclusions:It is identified that the maximum percentage reduction in compressive strength due to Sulphates of M90 grade concrete is 14.9% with replacement of 33% flyash and 15.13% blast furnace slag and the minimum percentage reduction in strength is 13.2% with 33% flyash, 15.13% metakaoline.
RAPID CHLORIDE PERMEABILITY OF CONCRETE GENERAL Chloride ingress is a common cause of deterioration of concrete structures. Concrete may be exposed to chlorides by seawater or deicing salts. Chlorides initate corrosion of reinforcement which through expansion disrupt the concrete. The permeability of concrete is governed by many factors such as porosity, type of cementitious material, aggregate grading, water content, air content, curing and consolidation. Conventional concrete made of Portland cement, aggregate and water has been used for more than a century from the investigation of Portland cement early in 19th century (1824). Ordinary Portland cement concretes are not totally resistant to aggressive environmental effects even when water/cement ratio is as low as 0.4 (P.K.Mehta 1991 & R.N. Swamy et.al. 1988). The durability properties of concrete can be improved by the supplementary cementing materials like flyash, silica fume, slag, etc. superfine mineral powders with average particle size less than 10 and Blain surface area greater than 600 800 m2/kg can greatly improve the properties of concrete due to its filling effects and chemical reactivity in concrete. (Andersen 1991 & Senthil Kumar 2003). Barium sulphate is a mineral which can be easily milled and ground. Barytes with particle size ranging from 40 to 1, 30% of the particles being less than 6 in diameter is being used in drilling muds in oil well industry. Barytes is an inert material and the solubility constant is 1.3 X 10-10 and hence it has nothing to do with cement hydration (Noamitu Tsuyuki et.al.2000). rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT), ASTMC-1202 has been used widely to assess the concrete against chloride ion permeability. The test results are fast, simple and hence practical. In terms of Hooton Whatever the property it is measuring, probably it is coincident with permeability of concrete (Hooton 1989).
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, and MK) subjected to RCPT attack SL. GRADE OF CONCRETE NO RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE PASSED THROUGH IN COLUMB'S @90 DAYS
ONLY CEMENT
2230
M30 WITH
3
WITH 20% FLYASH 1350 WITH 10% SILICA FUME 1255 WITH 10% METAKAOLIN 1310
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0 ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of RCPT for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) Conclusions:Rapid Chloride Permeability test results reveals that the total charge passed in Coulombs is very low for M30 (without chemical admixture) HPC mix with replacement of 10% of Silica Fume. But the total charge passed in Coulombs for conventional concrete is moderate.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) subjected to RCPT attack SL. GRADE OF CONCRETE NO RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE PASSED THROUGH IN COLUMB'S @90 DAYS
M30 WITH
CHEMICAL ADMIXTU RE
2500 2000
1500
1000 500 0
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH
Fig: Variation of RCPT for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) Conclusions:Rapid Chloride Permeability test results reveals that the total charge passed in Coulombs is very low for M30 (with chemical admixture) HPC mix with replacement of 10% of Silica Fume. But the total charge passed in Coulombs for conventional concrete is moderate.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) subjected to RCPT attack
1275
M40
3
1400
1200 1000 800 600 400 200
0
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA FUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation RCPT for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) Conclusions:Rapid Chloride Permeability test results reveals that the total charge passed in Coulombs is low for M40 grade of concrete with replacement of 10% Silica Fume. But the total charge passed in Coulombs for conventional concrete is slightly higher than the concrete replaced with SCMs.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF) (FA+MK) subjected to RCPT attack
1 2
1750 945
985
M50
879
0
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% SILICA WITH FUME 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% WITH FLYASH 20% 10% FLYASH SILICA 10% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of RCPT for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK) Conclusions:Rapid Chloride Permeability test results reveals that the total charge passed in Coulombs is very low for M50 HSC mix with combination replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% of Metakaoline and also the total charge passed in individual replacement is low.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF) (FA+MK) subjected to RCPT attack
1 2
1645 986
895
M60
850
1800
1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600
400
200 0
ONLY CEMENT WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 10% WITH 10% SILICA FUME METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 10% SILICA WITH 20% FLYASH 10% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of RCPT for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK) Conclusions:Rapid Chloride Permeability test results reveals that the total charge passed in Coulombs is very low for M60 HSC mix with combination replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% of Silica Fume and also the total charge passed in individual replacement is low.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF)(FA+MK)subjected to RCPT attack SL. GRADE OF CONCRETE NO 1 ONLY CEMENT RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE PASSED THROUGH IN COLUMB'S @90 DAYS 1335
478
M70
462
455
Fig: Variation of RCPT for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK) Conclusions:Rapid Chloride Permeability test results reveals that the total charge passed in Coulombs is very low for M70 HSC mix with combination replacement of 20% Flyash and 10% of Metakaoline and also the total charge passed in individual replacement is low.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF), (FA+MK), (FA+BFS) subjected to RCPT attack
1 2
1205.00 369.00
325.00
M80
WITH 20%
200
0
ONLY CEMENT WITH 33.23% FYASH WITH 20% FLYASH WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SILICA FUME 13.23% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% FLYASH 13.23% SLAG
Fig: Variation of RCPT for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF), (FA+MK), (FA+BFS) Conclusions:Rapid Chloride Permeability test results reveals that the total charge passed in Coulombs is very low for M80 HPC mix with replacement of 20% Flyash and 13.23% of Metakaoline. But the total charge passed in Coulombs for conventional concrete is low.
Table: Results of Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete (FA+SF), (FA+MK), (FA+BFS) subjected to RCPT attack
1 2
1109.00 262.00
257.00
M90
WITH 33%
0
ONLY CEMENT WITH 52% FYASH WITH 33% FLYASH 15.13% SILICA FUME WITH 3% FLYASH 15.13% METAKAOLIN WITH 33% FLYASH 15.13% SLAG
Fig: Variation of RCPT for Binary blended concrete with (FA, SF, MK) and ternary blended concrete with (FA+SF) (FA+MK) Conclusions:Rapid Chloride Permeability test results reveals that the total charge passed in Coulombs is very low for M90 HPC mix with replacement of 33%% Flyash and 15.13% of Metakaoline. But the total charge passed in Coulombs for conventional concrete is low
CHAPTER-IV EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS ON MECHNAICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE As per 1982
TABLE: RESULTS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
Sl.No. GRADE OF CONCRETE COMPACTION FACTOR 7 DAYS
180 DAYS
1
2 3
ONLY CEMENT
WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% BLAST FURNACE SLAG
0.90
0.90 0.90
40.90
48.30 35.60
54.90
58.60 55.80
55.1
58.82 55.9
4
5
0.84
0.86
31.60
33.40
37.8
39.7
42.60
45.60
42.8
45.8
6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0.84
0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.85 0.86 0.85 0.86 0.84
34.80
27.40 31.20 30.40 27.30 40.70 41.60 44.10 40.80 40.90
45.2
37.9 34.4 35.9 36.7 54.6 45.2 48.1 46.7 48.2
51.10
41.50 40.80 41.40 42.50 62.10 51.90 53.20 52.20 54.90
51.4
41.9 41.3 41.9 42.8 62.4 52.3 53.5 52.5 55.1
16
0.83
48.30
51.6
58.60
58.82
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 7 DAYS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 28 DAYS
Fig: Variation of compressive strength of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:-
Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 58.82 MPa with replacement of 10% Flyash. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 41.90 MPa with replacement of 20% Flyash. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 62.40 MPa with replacement of 40% Blast Furnace Slag. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 58.82 MPa with replacement of 5% Silica Fume and 5% Rice Husk.
TABLE: RESULTS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
Sl.No. GRADE OF CONCRETE WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.28 CERAPLAST BS W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST BS W/C 0.28 WITH FLYASH 15% W/C 0.32 WITH FLYASH 20% W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.28 CERAPROOF-PXL 5% W/C 0.32 CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.32 WITH RICE HUSK ASH 10% W/C 0.32 RICE HUSK ASH 10% + SP 400 W/C 0.32 7 DAYS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 28 DAYS 90 DAYS 180 DAYS
39.10
44.60
48.2
48.5
2 3 4 5 6
7
M 40 8 9 10
35.20
33.30 41.20 35.20
52.50
49.10 55.40 46.60
56.8
53.2 60.1 51.6
57.2
53.7 60.6 52.1
11
36.30
49.20
55.8
56.2
12
32.50
45.10
50.4
50.9
13
36.30
46.20
51.2
51.6
Fig: Variation of compressive strength of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 49.7 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 53.8 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 54.9 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 55.7 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 56.4 MPa using FLYASH 15% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 57.2 MPa using FLYASH 20% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 53.7 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.32 Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 60.6 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals the maximum compressive strength achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 52.1 MPa using CERAPROOF-PXL 5% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 56.2 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 50.9 MPa using mineral admixture RICE HUSK ASH 10% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 51.6 MPa using mineral admixture RICE HUSK ASH 10% and chemical admixture SP 400 with W/C 0.32.
TABLE: RESULTS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Sl.No.
GRADE OF CONCRETE WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 400 ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME
COMPACTION FACTOR
7 DAYS
28 DAYS
90 DAYS
180 DAYS
0.90
48.20
64.30
65.5
65.9
2 3 4 5
0.85
48.20
65.40
66.6
67.1
0.86
45.80
58.20
60.1
60.5
0.88
49.20
67.60
68.9
69.2
M 60
0.89
45.30
61.70
63.1
63.5
10
0.90
43.10
53.30
54
54.5
11
0.89
45.20
64.10
65.6
66.2
Fig: Variation of compressive strength of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:-
Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 60.5 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.5%) with 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 69.2 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 63.5 MPa usingPresent study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 67.1 MPa using 10% Silica Fume. chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 (2.5%) with 20% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 54.5 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS (1%) with 20% FLY ASH. Present study reveals that in case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 69.4 MPa with 5% SLAG and 5% SILICA FUME . Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 62.5 MPa with 20% SILICA FUME.
Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 65.9 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% FLYASH.
TABLE: RESULTS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
Sl.No. 1 2 GRADE OF CONCRETE ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(Mpa)
7 DAYS
53.50 53.40 55.20 57.30
28 DAYS
72.10 67.30 69.20 71.40
90 DAYS
83.6 72.7 73.4 77.5
180 DAYS
83.9 73.1 73.8 77.9
3 4
5
56.60
70.20
76.4
77.1
58.20
73.10
78.6
79.2
M 80
8 9
WITH 10% SILICAFUME CERAPLAST 300 0.6% WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG
WITH 5% SLAG 5% SILICA FUME WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH WITH 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME CERAPLAST 300 0.7%
60.50
75.40
80.2
80.7
54.20 56.10
71.20 73.20
76.7 79.4
77.2 79.5
10
55.20
70.10
76.5
77.1
11
54.60
67.40
74.3
74.7
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Fig: Variation of compressive strength of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 77.9 MPa using 10% SILICAFUME. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 79.2 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 (2.5%) with 10% BLAST FURNANCE SLAG. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 80.7 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% SILICAFUME. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 79.5 MPa using 5% SLAG 5% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 74.7 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.7%) with 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME .
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
Sl.No. GRADE OF CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH(Mpa) 7 DAYS 28 DAYS 90 DAYS 45.70 43.50 40.10 51.40 57.70 76.50 74.30 72.20 78.40 78.10 81.5 80.6 79.5 84.5 84.1
1
2 3 4 5 6
51.70
74.20
80.1
80.4
M80 CONFLO
51.80
72.10
78.6
79.2
46.34
68.40
74.2
74.8
60.80
79.20
85.6
86.1
10
51.00
71.40
77.2
77.8
100
90
80 70 60 50 40 30
7 DAYS
28 DAYS 90 DAYS 180 DAYS
20
10 0
Fig: Variation of compressive strength of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum compressive strength achieved in M 80 grade concrete is 84.9 MPa using 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 84.6 MPa using 7.5% FLY ASH 7.5 % SLAG. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum compressive strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 86.1 MPa using 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% SLAG.
TABLE: RESULTS SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH(Mpa) 7 DAYS 28 DAYS 90 DAYS 180 DAYS 3.32 3.82 4.12 4.50 3.42 4.12 4.34 4.62 3.38 3.22 3.98 3.69 4.22 4.20 4.54 4.26
Sl.No. 1 2 3 4
GRADE OF CONCRETE ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME
5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 M 40 CERA PLAST 300
3.22 3.40
3.10 3.00 3.05 3.12 3.49 3.41
3.74 4.10
3.59 3.45 3.42 3.62 4.32 4.09
4.20 4.30
3.98 3.55 4.05 4.10 4.56 4.28
4.34 4.58
4.10 3.95 4.12 4.08 4.68 4.60
WITH 30% BRICK POWDER WITH 40% FLY ASH WITH 40% SLAG
WITH 40% SILICA FUME WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG WITH 5% SLAG 5% SILICA FUME WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% RICE HUSK ASH
13
14 15 16
3.30
3.45 3.32 3.42
3.90
4.12 3.82 4.12
3.98
4.32 4.12 4.34
4.20
4.52 4.50 4.62
5 4.5
4
3.5 3
2.5
2 1.5
1
0.5 0
Fig: Variation of Split tensile strength of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 4.62 MPa with replacement of 10% Flyash. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 4.10 MPa with replacement of 20% Flyash. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 4.12 MPa with replacement of 30% Brick Powder. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 4.68 MPa with replacement of 40% Blast Furnace Slag. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 4.62 MPa with replacement of 5% Silica Fume and 5% Rice Husk Ash.
TABLE: RESULTS SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED
CONCRETE SPLIT TENSILE TEST Sl.No. GRADE OF CONCRETE WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.28 CERAPLAST BS W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST BS W/C 0.28 WITH FLYASH 15% W/C 0.32 WITH FLYASH 20% W/C 0.32 M 40 7 DAYS 3.15 3.13 3.35 3.42 3.45 3.52 3.58 28 DAYS 3.19 3.15 3.38 3.49 3.49 3.55 3.64 90 DAYS 3.22 3.24 3.45 3.56 3.58 3.62 3.74 180 DAYS 3.45 3.28 3.52 3.64 3.65 3.78 3.82
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8
9 10
3.43
3.62 3.31
3.48
3.72 3.36
3.52
3.82 3.42
3.64
3.88 3.48
11
3.44
3.50
3.54
3.66
12
3.18
3.20
3.26
3.32
13
3.28
3.34
3.40
3.46
180 DAYS
Fig: Variation of Split tensile strength of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 3.28 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 3.52 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 3.64 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 3.65 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 3.78 MPa using FLYASH 15% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 3.82 MPa using FLYASH 20% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 3.64 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.32 Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 3.88 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 3.48 MPa using CERAPROOF-PXL 5% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 3.66 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 3.32 MPa using Rice Husk Ash 10% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M40 grade concrete is 3.46 MPa using Rice Husk Ash 10%+SP 400 with W/C 0.32.
TABLE: RESULTS SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED
CONCRETE Sl.No. 1 2 3 GRADE OF CONCRETE WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 400 ONLY CEMENT
4 5
6 7
4.15 4.16
4.18 4.05
4.18 4.20
4.22 4.12
4.26 4.29
4.32 4.19
4.30 4.32
4.36 4.22
4.62
4.74
4.84
4.88
M 60
WITH 20% SILICA FUME CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 20% FLY ASH CERAPLAST BS 1% WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG WITH 5% SLAG 5% SILICA FUME WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH
4.38
4.44
4.52
4.57
10
11 12
3.76
4.52 4.70
3.82
4.59 4.73
3.94
4.64 4.84
4.10
4.68 4.86
13
4.19 4.16
4.24
4.27
14 15
16
4.22 3.58
4.59
4.22 3.62
4.62
4.29 3.78
4.74
4.32 3.82
4.78
Fig: Variation of Split tensile strength of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:-
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.36 MPa using 10% Silica Fume. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.22 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.5%) with 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.88 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.57 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 (2.5%) with 20% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.10 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS (1%) with 20% FLY ASH. Present study reveals that in case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.86 MPa with 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG and 5% SILICA FUME . Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.32 MPa with 20% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.78 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% FLYASH.
TABLE: RESULTS SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED
CONCRETE
Sl.No. 1 2 3 4
GRADE OF CONCRETE ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% FLYASH CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 10% SLAG CERAPLAST 400 2.5% M 80 WITH 10% SILICAFUME CERAPLAST 300 0.6% WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG WITH 5% SLAG 5% SILICA FUME WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH WITH 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH(Mpa) 7 DAYS 28 DAYS 90 DAYS 180 DAYS 5.60 5.42 5.50 5.58 5.64 5.45 5.55 5.62 5.82 5.71 5.74 5.84 5.84 5.74 5.76 5.86
5 6
5.56 5.60
5.60 5.66
5.81 5.85
5.85 5.86
5.68
5.72
5.88
5.92
8
9 10
5.61
5.62 5.58
5.65
5.67 5.61
5.86
5.81 5.83
5.88
5.84 5.86
11
5.38
5.42
5.69
5.74
5.5 5.4
5.3 5.2 5.1
ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 5% FLY WITH 5% SLAG WITH 5% SILICA WITH 5% WITH 10% WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% FLYASH CERAPLAST 400 SILICAFUME ASH 5 % SLAG 5% SILICA FUME FUME 5% FLY METAKAOLIN CERAPLAST 400 2.5% CERAPLAST 300 ASH 5% SILICA FUME 2.5% 0.6% CERAPLAST 300 0.7%
Fig: Variation of Split tensile strength of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 5.86 MPa using 10% SILICAFUME. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 5.86 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 (2.5%) with 10% BLAST FURNANCE SLAG. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 5.92 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% SILICAFUME. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 5.88 MPa using chemical admixture 5% FLY ASH 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 5.74 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.7%) with 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME .
TABLE: RESULTS SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED
CONCRETE
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH(Mpa) Sl.No. GRADE OF CONCRETE 7 DAYS 28 DAYS 90 DAYS 180 DAYS
1
2 3
5.69
5.65 5.70
5.78
5.70 5.74
5.86
5.79 5.83
5.90
5.82 5.88
4
5 6
5.78
5.58 5.65
5.82
5.62 5.68
5.93
5.74 5.70
6.12
5.82 5.81
5.70
5.73
5.82
5.89
5.61
5.65
5.74
5.78
5.89
5.94
6.10
6.25
10
5.64
5.70
5.82
5.98
6.4
6.2 6 5.8 5.6 7 DAYS 28 DAYS 90 DAYS 180 DAYS
5.4
5.2
WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLY WITH 7.5% SLAG ASH 7.5 % SLAG 7.5% SILICA FUME WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% FLY ASH WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% METAKAOLIN WITH 5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% SLAG ASH 5% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of Split tensile strength of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 6.12 MPa using 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 5.89 MPa using chemical admixture 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5 % FLY ASH. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 6.25 MPa using chemical admixture 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG
TABLE: RESULTS SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
Sl.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
GRADE OF CONCRETE WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLY ASH 7.5 % SLAG WITH 7.5% SLAG 7.5% SILICA FUME M100 CONFLO WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% FLY ASH WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% METAKAOLIN WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% SLAG
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH(Mpa) 7 DAYS 5.55 5.52 5.58 5.54 5.60 5.55 28 DAYS 5.58 5.56 5.62 5.59 5.64 5.57 90 DAYS 5.62 5.59 5.68 5.64 5.68 5.64 180 DAYS 5.92 5.72 5.82 5.84 5.72 5.72
5.62
5.68
5.74
5.92
5.51
5.55
5.59
5.74
5.49
5.53
5.57
5.74
10
5.54
5.59
5.62
5.86
5.9
5.8
5.7
28 DAYS 90 DAYS
5.4
180 DAYS
5.3
5.2
WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLY WITH 7.5% SLAG ASH 7.5 % SLAG 7.5% SILICA FUME WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% FLY ASH WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% METAKAOLIN WITH 5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% SLAG ASH 5% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of Split tensile strength of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M100 grade concrete is 5.84 MPa using 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M100 grade concrete is 5.92 MPa using chemical admixture using 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M100 grade concrete is 5.86 MPa using chemical admixture using 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME .
CHAPTER-V EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS ON DURABILITY RELATED PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE As per 1982
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS ACID RESISTANCE TEST OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
Sl.No.
GRADE OF CONCRETE
% LOSS IN WEIGHT@ 90 DAYS 1.7 1.8 1.74 1.52 1.55 1.6 1.5 1.42 1.46 1.48 1.87 1.6 1.68 1.65
% LOSS IN STRENGTH @90 DAYS 16.78 17.2 16.84 15.89 16 16.2 15.85 15.77 15.78 15.82 17.4 16.2 16.68 16.6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 10% RICE HUSK ASH WITH 20% FLY ASH WITH 20% SILICAFUME WITH 30% BRICK POWDER WITH 40% FLY ASH WITH 40% SLAG WITH 40% SILICA FUME WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG WITH 5% SLAG 5% SILICA FUME
15
1.7
16.78
Fig: Variation of Acid resistance test of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1.8% and 17.2%MPa with replacement of 10% Flyash. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1.5% and 15.85% with replacement of 20% Flyash. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1.46% and 15.78% with replacement of 30% Brick Powder. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1.87% and 17.4% with replacement of 40% Blast Furnace Slag. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1.8% and 17.2% with replacement of 5% Silica Fume and 5% Rice Husk Ash.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS ACID RESISTANCE TEST OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
ACID RESISTANCE TEST
Sl.No.
GRADE OF CONCRETE
2
3 4
1.55
1.68 1.69
15.68
16.24 16.25
5
6 7 8
1.72
1.73 1.75 1.67
16.3
16.5 16.8 16.26
9
10
M 40
1.78
1.66
17
16.2
11
12 13
1.7
1.62 1.64
16.28
15.8 16.1
17.5
17 16.5 16 15.5 15
Fig: Variation of Acid resistance test of binary blended concrete and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 1.55% and 15.68% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 1.68% and 16.24% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 1.69% and 16.25% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 1.72% and 16.3% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.73% and 16.5% using FLYASH 15% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.75% and 16.8% using FLYASH 20% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 1.67% and 16.26% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.32 Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 1.78% and 17% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 1.66% and 16.2% using CERAPROOF-PXL 5% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M 40 grade concrete is 1.7% and 16.25% using chemical admixture CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.62% and 15.8% using Rice Husk Ash 10% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Acid Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.64% and 16.10% using Rice Husk Ash 10%+SP 400 with W/C 0.32.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS ACID RESISTANCE TEST OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
Sl.No.
GRADE OF CONCRETE
1 2 3 4 5 6
WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 400 ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME
1.38
15
1.65
15.8
M 60 9
1.48
15.3
16.5 16
15.5
15 14.5 14 13.5
WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% METAKAOLIN CERAPLAST 300 0.5% WITH 20% SILICA FUME CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH WITH 20% FLY ASH
Fig: Variation of Acid resistance test of binary blended concrete and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.36 MPa using 10% Silica Fume. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.22 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.5%) with 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.88 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.57 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 (2.5%) with 20% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.10 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS (1%) with 20% FLY ASH. Present study reveals that in case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.86 MPa with 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG and 5% SILICA FUME . Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.32 MPa with 20% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 4.78 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% FLYASH.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS ACID RESISTANCE TEST OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
1
2 3 4
ONLY CEMENT
WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% FLYASH CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 10% SLAG CERAPLAST 400 2.5% M 80
1.6
1.4 1.48 1.58
15.8
14 14.5 15.6
1.52
15
1.66
16
1.7
16.2
8 9 10
WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG WITH 5% SLAG 5% SILICA FUME WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH
% LOSS IN WEIGHT@
0.2 0
ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% FLYASH CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 10% SILICAFUME CERAPLAST 300 0.6% WITH 5% SLAG 5% SILICA FUME WITH 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME CERAPLAST 300 0.7%
16.5
16 15.5
Fig: Variation of Acid resistance test of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 5.86 MPa using 10% SILICAFUME. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 5.86 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 (2.5%) with 10% BLAST FURNANCE SLAG. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 5.92 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% SILICAFUME. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 5.88 MPa using chemical admixture 5% FLY ASH 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG. Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 5.74 MPa using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.7%) with 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME .
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS ACID RESISTANCE TEST OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
% LOSS IN WEIGHT@ 90 DAYS 1.8 1.78 1.7 1.85 1.82 1.75 1.65 1.55 1.9
% LOSS IN STRENGTH @90 DAYS 16.8 16.75 16.7 16.89 16.82 16.7 16.65 16.2 17
1 2 3 4 5
WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLY ASH 7.5 % SLAG WITH 7.5% SLAG 7.5% SILICA FUME WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% FLY ASH WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% METAKAOLIN WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% SLAG WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% METAKAOLIN
6
7
M80
CONFLO
8
9 10
1.6
16.6
1.2
1 0.8 0.6 0.4
0.2
0
WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLY ASH WITH 7.5% SLAG WITH 7.5% SILICA WITH 7.5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA 7.5 % SLAG 7.5% SILICA FUME FUME 7.5% FLY FUME 7.5% FUME 5% FLY ASH FUME 5% FLY ASH ASH METAKAOLIN 5% SLAG 5% METAKAOLIN
16.5 16 15.5
15
14.5 14 13.5 13 12.5
WITH 20% FLY ASH WITH 10% FLYASH CERAPLAST 300 0.6% ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% FLYASH CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 10% SLAG CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 10% SILICAFUME CERAPLAST 300 0.6%
Fig: Variation of Acid resistance test of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 6.12 MPa using 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 5.89 MPa using chemical admixture. 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5 % FLY ASH. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 6.25 MPa using chemical admixture 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS ACID RESISTANCE TEST OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
Sl.No.
GRADE OF CONCRETE
1 2
3 4 5 6 7
1.75 1.6
2 1.95 2.1 1.7 2.2
16.2 15.2
17.6 17.5 17.8 16 18
M100 CONFL O
WITH 7.5% SLAG 7.5% SILICA FUME WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% FLY ASH
1
0.5 0
Fig: Variation of Acid resistance test of binary blended concrete and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M100 grade concrete is 5.84 MPa using 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M100 grade concrete is 5.92 MPa using chemical admixture using 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum Split Tensile strength achieved in M100 grade concrete is 5.86 MPa using chemical admixture using 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME .
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS ALKALINE RESISTANCE TEST OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCR
Sl.No.
GRADE OF CONCRETE
% LOSS IN STRENGT H @90 DAYS 18 19.1 18.4 16.2 16.8 17.2 16.1 15.8 15.82
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 M 40 CERA
ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 10% RICE HUSK ASH WITH 20% FLY ASH WITH 20% SILICAFUME WITH 30% BRICK POWDER
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
WITH 10% SILICAFU ME WITH 10% METAKA OLIN
25
20
15
10
0
WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% WITH 10% RICE WITH 20% FLY METAKAOLIN HUSK ASH ASH WITH 20% SILICAFUME WITH 30% WITH 40% FLY WITH 40% SLAG WITH 40% BRICK POWDER ASH SILICA FUME WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG WITH 5% SLAG WITH 5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY FUME 5% RICE FUME ASH HUSK ASH
Fig: Variation of Alkaline resistance test of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1.88% and 19.1%MPa with replacement of 10% Flyash. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1.54% and 16.1% with replacement of 20% Flyash. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1.5% and 15.82% with replacement of 30% Brick Powder. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1.92% and 19.4% with replacement of 40% Blast Furnace Slag. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1.88% and 19.1% with replacement of 5% Silica Fume and 5% Rice Husk Ash.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS ALKALINE RESISTANCE TEST OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
ALKALINE RESISTANCE TEST
Sl. No.
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
GRADE OF CONCRETE
WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.28 CERAPLAST BS W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST BS W/C 0.28 WITH FLYASH 15% W/C 0.32 WITH FLYASH 20% W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.28 CERAPROOF-PXL 5% W/C 0.32 CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.32 WITH RICE HUSK ASH 10% W/C 0.32 RICE HUSK ASH 10% + SP 400 W/C 0.32
M 40
13
1.6
17.7
1
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.28 CERAPLAST BS W/C CERAPLAST BS W/C WITH FLYASH 15% WITH FLYASH 20% 0.32 0.28 W/C 0.32 W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.28 CERAPROOF-PXL 5% W/C 0.32 CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.32 WITH RICE HUSK RICE HUSK ASH 10% ASH 10% W/C 0.32 + SP 400 W/C 0.32
% LOSS IN STRENGTH
17
16.5
WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.28 CERAPLAST BS W/C 0.28 WITH FLYASH 20% W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.28 CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.32 RICE HUSK ASH 10% + SP 400 W/C 0.32
Fig: Variation of Alkaline resistance test of binary blended concrete and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.5% and 17.55% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.66% and 17.9% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.67% and 18% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.72% and 18.3% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.75% and 18.5% using FLYASH 15% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.8% and 18.7% using FLYASH 20% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.68% and 18.1% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.32 Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.85% and 19% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.62% and 17.8% using CERAPROOF-PXL 5% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.7% and 18.1% using chemical admixture CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.54% and 17.6% using Rice Husk Ash 10% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1.6% and 17.7% using Rice Husk Ash 10%+SP 400 with W/C 0.32.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS ALKALINE RESISTANCE TEST OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
ALKALINE RESISTANCE TEST Sl.No. GRADE OF CONCRETE % LOSS IN WEIGHT@ 90 DAYS 1.63 1.75 1.35 1.5 1.59 1.7 1.3 % LOSS IN WEIGHT@ 90 DAYS 17.58 18 17.2 17.38 17.55 17.65 16.8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 400 ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN CERAPLAST 300 0.5% WITH 10% SILICA FUME CERAPLAST 300 0.6% WITH 20% SILICA FUME CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 20% FLY ASH CERAPLAST BS 1% WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG
8 9 10 11
M 60
12 13
14 15 16
1.71 1.55
1.32 1.28 1.65
17.8 17.45
17 16.8 17.6
WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 20% SILICA FUME WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % CERAPLAST 300 0.5% CERAPLAST 400 2.5% SLAG
% LOSS IN STRENGTH
16.6
16.4 16.2
WITH OUT CERAPLAST 400 ONLY CEMENT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% WITH 10% WITH 20% WITH 20% FLY METAKAOLIN SILICA FUME SILICA FUME ASH CERAPLAST 300 CERAPLAST 300 CERAPLAST 400 CERAPLAST BS 0.5% 0.6% 2.5% 1% WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG WITH 5% SLAG WITH 5% SILICA WITH 20% 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY SILICA FUME FUME ASH WITH 20% FLY ASH WITH 10% FLYASH CERAPLAST 300 0.6%
Fig: Variation of Alkaline resistance test of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M60 grade concrete is 1.7% , 17.65% using 10% Silica Fume. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M60 grade concrete is 1.3%, 16.8% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.5%) with 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M60 grade concrete is 1.72%, 17.8% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M60 grade concrete is 1.4%, 17.25% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 (2.5%) with 20% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance in M60 grade concrete is 1.66%, 17.55% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS (1%) with 20% FLY ASH. Present study reveals that in case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M60 grade concrete is 1.71%, 17.8% with 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG and 5% SILICA FUME . Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M60 grade concrete is 1.32%, 17% with 20% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M60 grade concrete is 1.65%, 17.6% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% FLYASH.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS ALKALINE RESISTANCE TEST OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
1 2 3 4
ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% FLYASH CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 10% SLAG CERAPLAST 400 2.5%
1.6
17.2
1.72
18.2
7
8 9 10
M 80
WITH 10% SILICAFUME CERAPLAST 300 0.6% WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG WITH 5% SLAG 5% SILICA FUME WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH WITH 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME CERAPLAST 300 0.7%
1.8
1.64 1.78 1.58
18.5
17.5
18.4
17
11
1.5
16.4
1.8
1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% WITH SILICAFUME 10% FLYASH WITH CERAPLAST 10% SLAG WITH 400 CERAPLAST 2.5% 10% SILICAFUME 400 2.5% CERAPLAST WITH 5% FLY 300 ASH WITH 0.6% 5% 5% SLAG SLAGWITH 5% WITH SILICA 5%5% SILICA FUME METAKAOLIN FUME 5% 5% FLY SILICA ASH FUME CERAPLAST 300 0.7%
19 18.5 18
17.5
17 16.5
16
15.5 15
14.5
ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% WITH SILICAFUME 10% FLYASH WITH CERAPLAST 10% SLAG WITH 400 CERAPLAST 2.5% 10% SILICAFUME 400 2.5% CERAPLAST WITH 5% FLY 300 ASH WITH 0.6% 5% 5% SLAG SLAG WITH 5% WITH SILICA 5% 5% SILICA FUME METAKAOLIN FUME 5% 5% FLY SILICA ASH FUME CERAPLAST 300 0.7%
: Variation of Alkaline resistance test of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M80 grade concrete is 1.68%,17.8% using 10% SILICAFUME. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M80 grade concrete is 1.72%, 18.2% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 (2.5%) with 10% BLAST FURNANCE SLAG. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M80 grade concrete is 1.8%, 18.5% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% SILICAFUME. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M80 grade concrete is 1.78%, 18.4% using chemical admixture 5% FLY ASH 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG. Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M80 grade concrete is 1.5%, 16.4% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.7%) with 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME .
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS ALKALINE RESISTANCE TEST OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCR
ALKALINE RESISTANCE TEST Sl.No. GRADE OF CONCRETE % LOSS IN WEIGHT@ 90 DAYS 2 1.95 1.9 2.05 % LOSS IN WEIGHT@ 90 DAYS 18.8 18.4 18 19.00
1 2 3 4
WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLY ASH 7.5 % SLAG WITH 7.5% SLAG 7.5% SILICA FUME M80 CONFLO WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% FLY ASH
2.02
18.89
1.9
18.2
1.85
17.5
1.78
17
2.2
2.1 2 1.9
1.8
1.7 1.6
WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLY ASH 7.5 % SLAG WITH 7.5% SLAG WITH 7.5% SILICA WITH 7.5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA 7.5% SILICA FUME FUME 7.5% FLY FUME 7.5% FUME 5% FLY ASH FUME 5% FLY ASH ASH METAKAOLIN 5% SLAG 5% METAKAOLIN
19.5 19 18.5
18 17.5 17 16.5 16 15.5
WITH 10% FLYASHWITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLYWITH ASH 7.5 7.5% % SLAG SLAG WITH 7.5% 7.5% SILICA SILICA FUME WITH FUME 7.5% 7.5% SILICA FLY WITH FUME ASH 5% 7.5% SILICA WITH METAKAOLIN FUME 5% SILICA 5% FLY FUME ASH 5% 5% SLAG FLY ASH 5% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of Alkaline resistance test of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M80 grade concrete is 2.05%, 19% using 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M80 grade concrete is 2.02%, 18.89% using chemical admixture 7.5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG 7.5 % FLY ASH. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M80 grade concrete is 2.1%, 19.2% using chemical admixture 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS ALKALINE RESISTANCE TEST OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE ALKALINE RESISTANCE TEST
Sl.No. GRADE OF CONCRETE % LOSS IN WEIGHT@ 90 DAYS 2.2 2 % LOSS IN WEIGHT@ 90 DAYS 18.4 17.2
1 2
3
4 5
2.89
2.84 3 2 3.1
19.89
19.8 20 18 20.1
6 M100 CONFLO 7
2.8
19.4
2.4
19
10
2.1
17.5
WITH 7.5% SLAG WITH 7.5% SILICA WITH 7.5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA 7.5% SILICA FUME FUME 7.5% FLY FUME 7.5% FUME 5% FLY ASH FUME 5% FLY ASH ASH METAKAOLIN 5% SLAG 5% METAKAOLIN
20.5
20
19.5 19 18.5 18 17.5 17
16.5
16 15.5
WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLY ASH 7.5 % SLAG WITH 7.5% SLAG WITH 7.5% SILICA WITH 7.5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA 7.5% SILICA FUME FUME 7.5% FLY FUME 7.5% FUME 5% FLY ASH FUME 5% FLY ASH ASH METAKAOLIN 5% SLAG 5% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of Alkaline resistance test of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M100 grade concrete is 2.89%, 19.89% MPa using 10% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M100 grade concrete is 3.1%, 20.1% using chemical admixture using 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% FLYASH. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum loss of weight and strength of Alkaline Resistance achieved in M100 grade concrete is 2.4%, 19% using chemical admixture using 5% FLYASH 5% SILICA FUME 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS SULPHATE RESISTANCE OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE Sl.No. 1 2 3 4 GRADE OF CONCRETE ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 10% RICE HUSK ASH WITH 20% FLY ASH WITH 20% SILICAFUME 40 WITH 30% BRICK POWDER CERA WITH 40% FLY ASH PLAST 300 WITH 40% SLAG WITH 40% SILICA FUME WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG WITH 5% SLAG 5% SILICA FUME WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% RICE HUSK ASH SULPHATE RESISTANCE (PERCENTAGE LOSS IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ) 9.86 10.2 10 9.45 9.55 9.62 9.5 9.12 9.3 9.32 10.4 9.64 9.78 9.7
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
9.86 10.2
10.5 10 9.5
SULPHATE RESISTANCE (PERCENTAGE LOSS SULPHATE IN RESISTANCE (PERCENTAGE LOSS IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH )
9
8.5 8
WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% WITH 10% WITH 10% SILICAFUME METAKAOLIN RICE HUSK ASH WITH 20% FLY ASH WITH 20% SILICAFUME WITH 30% BRICK POWDER WITH 40% FLY ASH WITH 40% SLAG WITH 40% WITH 5% FLY SILICA FUME ASH 5 % SLAG WITH 5% WITH 5% WITH 5% SLAG 5% SILICA FUME SILICA FUME SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% RICE HUSK ASH
Fig: Variation of Sulphate resistance of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 10.2%MPa with replacement of 10% Flyash. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 9.5 % with replacement of 20% Flyash. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 9.3% with replacement of 30% Brick Powder. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 10.4% with replacement of 40% Blast Furnace Slag. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 10.2% with replacement of 5% Silica Fume and 5% Rice Husk Ash.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS SULPHATE RESISTANCE OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRET
Sl.No.
GRADE OF CONCRETE
1 2
9.65 9.54
3
4 5 6 7 8
10.25
10.32 10.5 10.8 10.89 10.31
M 40
11.5
11
10.5
10
9.5
8.5
WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.28 CERAPLAST BS W/C 0.28 WITH FLYASH 20% W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.28 CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.32 RICE HUSK ASH 10% + SP 400 W/C 0.32
Fig: Variation of Sulphate resistance of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 9.54% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 10.25% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 10.32% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 10.50% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 10.8% using FLYASH 15% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 10.89% using FLYASH 20% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 10.31% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.32 Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 11% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 10% using CERAPROOF-PXL 5% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 10.4% using chemical admixture CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 9.45% using Rice Husk Ash 10% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Resistance achieved in M40 grade concrete is 9.8% using Rice Husk Ash 10%+SP 400 with W/C 0.32.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS SULPHATE RESISTANCE OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRET
Sl.No.
GRADE OF CONCRETE
11.34
2
3 4 5 6
CERAPLAST 400
ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN CERAPLAST 300 0.5% WITH 10% SILICA FUME CERAPLAST 300 0.6% M 60 WITH 20% SILICA FUME CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 20% FLY ASH CERAPLAST BS 1%
12.25
10.89 11 11.12 11.89
10.54
12.1
10.92
10
10.2
14
12
10
0
WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% WITH 20% SILICA FUME WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % METAKAOLIN CERAPLAST 400 2.5% SLAG CERAPLAST 300 0.5% WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH WITH 20% FLY ASH
Fig: Variation of Sulphate resistance of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate achieved in M60 grade concrete is 11.89% using 10% Silica Fume. Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 10.54% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.5%) with 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 12.1% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 10.92% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 (2.5%) with 20% SILICA FUME. percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate Tensile strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 10.2% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS (1%) with 20% FLY ASH. Present study reveals that in case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 12% with 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG and 5% SILICA FUME . Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 10.8% with 20% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M60 grade concrete is 11.35% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% FLYASH.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS SULPHATE RESISTANCE OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
SULPHATE RESISTANCE (PERCENTAGE LOSS IN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ) 12.84 11.5 11.75 12.5 12 13 13.5
Sl.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
GRADE OF CONCRETE ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% FLYASH CERAPLAST 400 2.5%
M 80
8
9 10
12.3
13.2 11.89
WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH WITH 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME CERAPLAST 300 0.7%
11
11.6
14
13.5
12
11.5
11
10.5
ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% FLYASH CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 10% SLAG CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 10% SILICAFUME CERAPLAST 300 0.6% WITH 5% FLY WITH 5% SLAG WITH 5% ASH 5 % SLAG 5% SILICA SILICA FUME FUME 5% FLY ASH WITH 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME CERAPLAST 300 0.7%
Fig: Variation of Sulphate resistance of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 12.5% using 10% SILICAFUME. Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 13% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 (2.5%) with 10% BLAST FURNANCE SLAG. Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 13.5% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% SILICAFUME. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 13.2% using chemical admixture 5% FLY ASH 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG. Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 11.6% using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.7%) with 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME .
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS SULPHATE RESISTANCE OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
Sl.No. 1 2 3 4
GRADE OF CONCRETE WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLY ASH 7.5 % SLAG WITH 7.5% SLAG 7.5% SILICA FUME WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% FLY ASH WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% METAKAOLIN WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% SLAG WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% METAKAOLIN
5 6
7 8 9 10
12.25 11.89
11.7 11.2 12.5 11.5
M80 CONFLO
13
12.5 12
11.5
11 10.5
WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAGWITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLY ASH WITH 7.5 % 7.5% SLAG SLAG 7.5% WITH SILICA 7.5% FUME SILICA WITH FUME 7.5% 7.5% SILICA FLY ASH FUME WITH7.5% 5% SILICA METAKAOLIN WITH FUME 5% 5% SILICA FLY ASH FUME 5% 5% SLAG FLY ASH 5% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of Sulphate resistance of binary blended concrete and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 12.4% using 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 12.25% using chemical admixture 7.5% BLAST FURNACE 7.5 % FLY ASH. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M80 grade concrete is 12.5% using chemical admixture 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS SULPHATE RESISTANCE OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRET
Sl.No.
GRADE OF CONCRETE
12.34
2
3 4 5
12.1
12.89 12.68 13.1 12.2
13.21
12.54
13.4 13.2 13
12.8
12.6 12.4 12.2 12 11.8 11.6 11.4
WITH 10% FLYASH
WITH 7.5% SLAG WITH 7.5% SILICA WITH 7.5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA WITH 5% SILICA 7.5% SILICA FUME FUME 7.5% FLY FUME 7.5% FUME 5% FLY ASH FUME 5% FLY ASH ASH METAKAOLIN 5% SLAG 5% METAKAOLIN
Fig: Variation of Sulphate resistance of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M100 grade concrete is 12.89% using 10% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M100 grade concrete is 13.21% using chemical admixture using 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% FLYASH. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum percentage loss of compressive strength of Sulphate strength achieved in M100 grade concrete is 12.45% using chemical admixture using 5% FLYASH 5% SILICA FUME 5% LAST FURNACE SLAG.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS RCPT OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
Sl.No.
GRADE OF CONCRETE
1 2
1811 1794
3
4 5
1800
1915 1901
6
7 8 9 10 11 12 M 40 CERA PLAST 300
1889
1910 1988 1966 1935 1756 1888
RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE PASSED THROUGH IN COLUMB'S @90 DAYS RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE PASSED
THROUGH IN COLUMB'S @90 DAYS
1750
1700 1650 1600
WITH 10% WITH SLAG 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 10% RICE HUSK WITH ASH 20% FLY WITH ASH 20% SILICAFUME WITH 30% BRICK POWDER WITH 40% FLY ASH WITH 40%WITH SLAG 40% SILICA WITHFUME 5% FLY WITH ASH 5% 5 %SLAG SLAG WITH 5% SILICA 5% SILICA WITH FUME 5% FUME SILICA 5% FLY FUME ASH 5% RICE HUSK ASH
Fig: Variation of RCPT of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1915 with replacement of 10% Silica Fume. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1988 with replacement of 20% Silica Fume. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1966 with replacement of 30% Brick Powder. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1935 with replacement of 40% Flyash. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 (without chemical admixture) grade concrete is 1845 with replacement of 5% Silica Fume and 5% Blast Furnace Slag.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS RCPT OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE PASSED THROUGH IN COLUMB'S @90 DAYS 1874 1890 1800 1795 1785 1770 1765 1794 1740 1820 1790 1865 1840
Sl.No.
GRADE OF CONCRETE WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.28 CERAPLAST BS W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST BS W/C 0.28 WITH FLYASH 15% W/C 0.32
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
M 40
WITH FLYASH 20% W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.28 CERAPROOF-PXL 5% W/C 0.32 CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.32 WITH RICE HUSK ASH 10% W/C 0.32 RICE HUSK ASH 10% + SP 400 W/C 0.32
1950
1900
1850
1800
1750
1700
1650
WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 300 W/C 0.28 CERAPLAST BS W/C 0.28 WITH FLYASH 20% W/C 0.32 CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.28 CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 W/C 0.32 RICE HUSK ASH 10% + SP 400 W/C 0.32
Fig: Variation of RCPT of binary blended concrete and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1890 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1800 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is in M40 grade concrete is 1795 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1785 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1770 using FLYASH 15% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1765 using FLYASH 20% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1794 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.32 Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1740 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.28. Present study reveals the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1820 using CERAPROOF-PXL 5% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is in M40 grade concrete is 1790 using chemical admixture CERAPROOF-PXL 5% CERAPLAST 400 with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1865 using Rice Husk Ash 10% with W/C 0.32. Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M40 grade concrete is 1840 using Rice Husk Ash 10%+SP 400 with W/C 0.32.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS RCPT OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE WITH AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
Sl.No.
GRADE OF CONCRETE
RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE PASSED THROUGH IN COLUMB'S @90 DAYS 878 850 925 900 885
1 2 3 4 5
WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE CERAPLAST 400 ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG
872
928
866
910
10
11 12 13 14
936
880 864 896 915
960
940
920
900
880
860
840
820
800
WITH OUT CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% METAKAOLIN CERAPLAST 300 0.5% WITH 20% SILICA WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % WITH 5% SILICA FUME FUME CERAPLAST 400 SLAG 5% FLY ASH 2.5% WITH 20% FLY ASH
Fig: Variation of RCPT of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M60 grade concrete is 900 using 10% Flyash. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M60 grade concrete is 928 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.5%) with 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M60 grade concrete is 866 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M60 grade concrete is 910 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 (2.5%) with 20% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M60 grade concrete is 936 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST BS (1%) with 20% FLY ASH. Present study reveals that in case of combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M60 grade concrete is 896 with 5% Flyash and 5% SILICA FUME . Present study reveals that in case of individual percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M60 grade concrete is 948 with 20% Flyash. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M60 grade concrete is 880 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% FLYASH.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS RCPT OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE Sl.No. GRADE OF CONCRETE RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE PASSED THROUGH IN COLUMB'S @90 DAYS 432 472 462 438 452 428 420 442 425 458
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10
ONLY CEMENT WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% FLYASH CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 10% SLAG CERAPLAST 400 2.5% WITH 10% SILICAFUME CERAPLAST 300 0.6%
WITH 5% FLY ASH 5 % SLAG WITH 5% SLAG 5% SILICA FUME WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH WITH 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME CERAPLAST 300 0.7%
M 80
11
468
2050 2000
1950
1900 1850 1800 1750 1700 1650 1600
WITH 10% SLAG
RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE PASSED THROUGH IN RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE PASSED COLUMB'S @90 DAYS THROUGH IN COLUMB'S @90
DAYS
Fig: Variation of RCPT of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M80 grade concrete is 472 using 10% Flyash. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M80 grade concrete is 452 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 400 (2.5%) with 10% Flyash. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M80 grade concrete is 420 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.6%) with 10% SILICAFUME. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M80 grade concrete is 458 using chemical admixture 5% FLY ASH 5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG. Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M80 grade concrete is 468 using chemical admixture CERAPLAST 300 (0.7%) with 5% METAKAOLIN 5% SILICA FUME.
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS RCPT OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE PASSED THROUGH IN COLUMB'S @90 DAYS 420 427 432 415
Sl.No. 1 2 3 4
GRADE OF CONCRETE WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLY ASH 7.5 % SLAG WITH 7.5% SLAG 7.5% SILICA FUME WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% FLY ASH WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% METAKAOLIN WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% SLAG WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% METAKAOLIN
5 6 7
8 M80 CONFLO
9 10
410 442
470
460
450 440 430
420
410 400 390
380
WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% WITH SLAG 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% WITH METAKAOLIN 7.5% WITH FLY ASH 7.5%WITH 7.5 SLAG % SLAG 7.5% 7.5% WITH SILICA SILICA 7.5% FUME FUME SILICA WITH 7.5% 5% FUME WITH FLY SILICA ASH 7.5% 5% FUME SILICA METAKAOLIN 5% FUME FLY ASH 5% FLY 5% ASH SLAG 5% METAKAOLI
Fig: Variation of RCPT of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M80 grade concrete is 432 using 10% SILICA FUME. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M80 grade concrete is 465 using chemical admixture 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5 % METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M80 grade concrete is 442 using chemical admixture 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% METAKAOLIN
TABLE: OVERALL RESULTS RCPT OF BINARY BLENDED CONCRETE AND TERNARY BLENDED CONCRETE
Sl.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
GRADE OF CONCRETE WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% SLAG WITH 10% SILICAFUME WITH 10% METAKAOLIN WITH 7.5% FLY ASH 7.5 % SLAG WITH 7.5% SLAG 7.5% SILICA FUME WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% FLY ASH WITH 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% METAKAOLIN WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% SLAG WITH 5% SILICA FUME 5% FLY ASH 5% METAKAOLIN
M100
CONFLO
RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE PASSED THROUGH IN RCPT ( TOTAL CHARGE COLUMB'S @90 DAYS
355
350 345
340
335
WITH 10% FLYASH WITH 10% WITH SLAG 10%WITH SILICAFUME 10% WITH METAKAOLIN 7.5% WITH FLY7.5% ASH WITH SLAG 7.5 % 7.5% WITH 7.5% SLAG SILICA SILICA 7.5%WITH FUME SILICA FUME WITH 5% 7.5% FUME SILICA FLY 5% 7.5% SILICA ASH FUME METAKAOLIN FUME 5% FLY 5% ASH FLY 5% ASH SLAG 5% METAKAO
Fig: Variation of RCPT of binary blended concrete with and ternary blended concrete
Conclusions:Present study reveals that the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M100 grade concrete is 362 using 10% METAKAOLIN. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M100 grade concrete is 378 using chemical admixture using 7.5% SILICA FUME 7.5% BLAST FURNACE SLAG. Present study reveals that combination percentage replacement of mineral admixtures the maximum charge passed through columbs @ 90 days of RCPT is achieved in M100 grade concrete is 379 using chemical admixture using 5% FLYASH 5% SILICA FUME 5% METAKAOLIN.
Element CK OK Na K Mg K Al K Si K SK KK Ca K Fe K Totals
Weight% 8.68 52.45 0.50 0.38 2.92 11.96 0.28 1.40 19.99 1.45 100.00
Atomic% 14.06 63.77 0.42 0.31 2.11 8.28 0.17 0.69 9.70 0.50
Element CK OK Na K Mg K Al K Si K SK KK Ca K Fe K Totals
Weight% 8.68 52.45 0.50 0.38 2.92 11.96 0.28 1.40 19.99 1.45 100.00
Atomic% 14.06 63.77 0.42 0.31 2.11 8.28 0.17 0.69 9.70 0.50
CONCLUSIONS HPC specimens when examined using SEM showed dense microstructure compared to the microstructure of conventional concrete. This may be due to the bond between the aggregates and hydrates particles. The incorporation of SCMs acts as super filler and induces high pozzolanic reaction, which consumes the CH crystals produced during hydration and converts to CS-H gel. The capillary voids found to be very due to lesser W/B ratio. This may be reason for improvement in the mechanical properties. The SEM study reveals that, incorporation of SCMs enhance the compactness of matrix. The SCMs and super plasticizers influence the mechanical and durability properties of HPC. The SEM microstructure of HPC shows dense microstructure with thin transition zone and less air voids. The microstructures revealed dense cementitious matrices conformed of reaction products. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed the formation of amorphous Silicoaluminate reaction products. In practice, High strength concretes, and many of the so-called HPSc are characterized by high cement factors and very low water/cement ratio s. With such concretes it is extremely difficult to obtain proper workability and to retain the workability for sufficiently for long period of time, hence high range water reducing agents like Superplasticizer is necessary for making HPCs.