College of Engineering and Computer Science

Mechanical Engineering Department

Mechanical Engineering 390
Fluid Mechanics
Spring 2008 Number: 11971
Instructor: Larry Caretto
Solutions to Exercise Three Bernoullis Equation
1. A fire hose nozzle has a diameter of 1.125 in. According to some fire codes, the nozzle
must be capable of deliering at
least 25! gal"min. #f the nozzle is
attached to a $%in diameter hose,
&hat pressure must be
maintained 'ust upstream of the
nozzle to delier this flo&rate(
)se the continuit* +mass
conseration, e-uation that 1.1
/ 101A1 / 202A2 / 2.2to sole
this problem. +1roblem $.12 from Munson et al., Fluid Mechanics te3t4 figure from
solutions manual.,
We start with the usua !rom o! the "ernoui e#uation !or incompressibe !ows$
( )
( )
0
2
2
1
2
2 1 2
1 2

+
V V p p
z z g
%t the open outet the gage pressure is &ero$ 'he outet is at the same ee(ation as the point )1*
so &2 + &1 , 0$ Since the !ui- is incompressibe the continuity e#uation !or this probem becomes
.1%1 , /1 , /2 , .2%20 where %1 , 11
2
23 , )4 in*
2
)1 !t
2
2133 in
2
*23 , 0$039087 !t
2
an- %2 , 12
2
23
, )1$125 in*
2
)1 !t
2
2133 in
2
*23 , 0$006904 !t
2
$ We thus !in- that .2 , /22%2 , )250 ga2min* )1
!t
4
27$3805 ga* 2 )0$006904 !t
2
* , 3$831 !t2min , 80$69 !t2s$ 7rom the continuity e#uation we ha(e
.1 , /12%1 , /22%1 , )250 ga2min*)1 !t
4
27$3805 ga* 2 )0$006904 !t
2
* , 680$84 !t2min , 11$437 !t2s$
We can appy the abo(e resuts to "ernoui8s e#uation with a water -ensity o! 1$93 sugs2!t
4
!rom
'abe 1$5 on the insi-e !ront co(er$
( )
( )
( )
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

+
2 2
3
1
2
1
2
2 1 2
1 2
347 . 11 69 . 80
2
1
94 . 1
0
0
2 s
ft
s
ft
ft
slugs
p
g
V V p p
z z g

So(ing this e#uation !or p1 gi(es$

2 2
2
2 2 2
3
1
0 . 43
144
1
347 . 11 69 . 80
2
1 94 . 1
in
lb
in
ft
ft slug
s lb
s
ft
s
ft
ft
slugs
p
f f

1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

2. 5ater flo&ing from the !.65%in%daimeter outlet sho&n in

the figure rises 2.2 in aboe the outlet. 7ind the
flo&rate. +1roblem and figure $.18 from Munson et al.,
Fluid Mechanics te3t.,
We start with the usua !rom o! "ernoui8s e#uation !or
incompressibe !ows$
9acaran-a ):ngineering* 4444 ;ai Co-e <hone: 818$677$6338
:=mai: caretto>csun$e-u 8438 7a?: 818$677$7062
( )
( )
0
2
2
1
2
2 1 2
1 2

+
V V p p
z z g
@ere we appy the e#uation between the e?it o! the pipe )1* an- the top o! the water )2*$ "oth
ocations are open to the atmosphere so we ha(e p1 , p2 , 0$ 'he ee(ation -i!!erence0 &2 + &1 ,
2$8 in , 0$2444 !t$ %t the top the (eocity0 .20 is &ero$ Setting these (aues into the "ernoui
e#uation gi(es$
( )
( )
( ) 0
2
0 2333 . 0
174 .. 32
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2 1 2
1 2

,
_

+
V
ft
s
ft V V p p
z z g

So(ing !or .1 gi(es the (eocity at point 1 as !oows$

( )
s
ft
ft
s
ft
V 875 . 3 2333 . 0
174 .. 32
2
2
1

We can !in- the !ow rate at point 1 !rom the e#uation that /1 , %1.1$$
( )
s
ft
in
ft in
s
ft D
V A V Q
3
2
2 2 2
1
1 1 1 1
119 . 0
144 4
75 . 0 875 . 3
4


$ Seeral holes are punched into a tin can
as sho&n in the figure on the right. 5hich
of the figures represents the ariation of
&ater elocit* as it leaes the holes(
9ustif* *our choice. +1roblem and figure
$.16 from Munson et al., Fluid Mechanics
te3t.,
'he usua !rom o! the "ernoui e#uation !or
incompressibe !ows is shown beow$
( )
( )
0
2
2
1
2
2 1 2
1 2

+
V V p p
z z g
7or this probem0 both the upper sur!ace o! the i#ui- an- the !ui- !owing out o! the can are
atmospheric pressure so p1 , p2$ 'he resuting e#uation !or the e?it (eocity .2 as a !unction o!
ee(ation0 &2 is shown beow$
( ) ( ) ( )
2 / 1
2
2 / 1
2 1
2
1 2 2 1
2
1
2
2
2 2 2 2 bz a z g gz V V gz gz V V + +
Since b , )2g*
122
is positi(e0 this e#uation tes us that .2 increases as &2 -ecreases0 (arying as
the s#uare root o! &20$ )Aeca that &2 is the ee(ation so as the -epth !rom the top o! the i#ui-
increases0 the (aue o! &2 -ecreases$* % cur(es show an increase in .2 as &2 increases0 but we
can imme-iatey rue out the inear )straight ine* cur(e in )b*0 because the e#uation that .2 a &2
122

is non=inear$ 'his ea(es the choice between )a* an- )c*$ We see that the sope0 -.2-&0 in )a*
increases in magnitu-e as & -ecreases whie the sope in )c* -ecreases in magnitu-e as &
-ecreases$ 'he sope o! our e#uation !or .2 is -.22-&2 , +b2)2&2
122
*$ 'his sope is negati(e !or any
(aue o! &2B the negati(e sope tes us that -.22-&2 increases as &2 -ecreases$ 'his resut is
consistent with the cur(e in !igure )a*$
9acaran-a ):ngineering* 4444 ;ai Co-e <hone: 818$677$6338
:=mai: caretto>csun$e-u 8438 7a?: 818$677$7062