< ] IiM |M |M x: B B b - 1

x
Name : : : : ___________ ____

IRISET
MICROWAVE LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO.: AMW - 1

+xGE
Roll No _______________ _______________

|{i +E
Marks Awarded :

{`G
Course

nxE
Date _______________

+xnE E +vI
Instructor Initial :

STUDY OF WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS 1. Observe the following wave-guides and wave guide components and explain the function and usage of each. Explanation may be given along with sketch. a). Rectangular Wave guide.

b). Flexible Rectangular Wave guide.

c). Elliptical Wave guide.

d). Flexible Elliptical Wave guide.

e). Flange for Wave-guide.

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f). Wave-guide bends (E - bend and H - bend).

g). Directional Coupler.

h). T joints (E Plane, H plane, E and H plane).

i). Wave-guide to Coaxial Adopter.

j). Matched Load (Wave-guide).

k). Wave-guide Horn.

3. (a)

Review Questions: What are the losses of Rectangular and elliptical wave guides?

(b)

What precautions are to be taken while erecting wave-guide system in a MW station?

Signature of the Candidate

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< ] IiM |M |M x: B B b - 2
x
Name : : : : ___________ ____

IRISET
MICROWAVE LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO.: AMW - 2

+xGE
Roll No _______________ _______________

|{i +E
Marks Awarded :

{`G
Course

nxE
Date _______________

+xnE E +vI
Instructor Initial :

STUDY OF 7D15 MW RADIO EQUIPMENT 7D15 is 7GHz analog microwave radio equipment working in the frequency band of 7125 to 7425 MHz. The channel transmission capacity of the equipment is 120. It employs an Order wire circuit working in the frequency band 300 Hz to 3400 Hz for the usage of maintenance personnel. The transmitter output power is 1 W (+ 30 dBm).

TRANSMITTING CIRCUIT The Base band signal supplied from the MUX equipment is combined with order wire and pilot signals in the switching equipment and fed to the BB IN of TRM panel at a level of -45 dBm. This signal is amplified up to a required level by the modulation amplifier. This amplified signal is multiplied by a series of multipliers in different stages by a factor of 64 to get the required 7GHz band signal and fed to the switching equipment at a level of +30 dBm approximately.
Identify the following and write briefly about each. 1. TLO and its frequency.

2. Modulation line amplifier - MLA-27A

3. Modulator - MOD-11A

4. Exciter - EXC-30A

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5. Multipliers (MLT-50A, MLT-51A and MLT-52A)

6. HFG - 27A.

RECEIVE CIRCUIT The Microwave signal received by the antenna system is supplied to the receiver through a circulator. This signal is fed to the mixer through a receive BPF. The received signal and local Oscillator signal are mixed and converted into a 70 MHz IF signal by the mixer. This signal is amplified to 0 dBm and is demodulated into he base band signal by the demodulator. The demodulated signal is supplied to the switching equipment through the BB Out connector at a level of - 15 dBm.
Identify the following and write briefly about each. 1. RF circuit (HFG-27A).

2. Mixer - MIX-30A.

3. RLO and its Frequency.

4. Receiver.

5. Demodulator - DEM-30A.

6. AGC amplifier - AGC-12C

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SWITCHING EQUIPMENT for 100% standby (7E 22S )

The switching equipment is provided with a logic circuit for Automatic switching of the presently operating Set to a standby, a Microwave Switch and a base band switch. This equipment includes an order wire circuit also. A PIN diode is used for a very high switching speed. The switching period is less than 5 mS. The transmitter output and the pilot output of a modulator are detected. When either one generates an alarm, switch for microwave is immediately operated to effect the switch over to the standby Set. The standby receiver is always set under the receiving condition. When the receiver output falls below a predetermined value it produces an alarm and the switches for MW and base band are immediately carried out switch over to the standby Set.
The switching equipments are different for 50% Standby and frequency diversity system. Switching equipment for 50% standby system is 7E23-A. Switching equipment for frequency diversity system is 7E24 W-A.

Q.1 Draw the layout of switching equipment for 100% Standby system.

Q.2 Draw the layout of control panel and identify the parts.

POWER SUPPLY
Power is supplied to the transmitting panel and receiving panel independently through a power supply unit. The equipment works on -24 V DC. -24 V DC is directly supplied to MLT 50A through a fuse. A regulated -18 V DC is supplied to other panels. The regulated output voltage can be adjusted by adjusting a control in the voltage regulator module.

PROTECTION
The following protections are provided in the system. 1. Protection against reverse connection to source. 2. Protection against surge voltages. There are two relays in the equipment, the F relay and the P relay. The F relay operates when a power fuse has blown. The P relay is actuated to cut power supply and relay F is held operated. After the fuse is replaced pressing F-RESET button must reset F relay.

Signature of the Candidate

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< ] IiM |M |M x: B B b - 3
x
Name : : : : ___________ ____

IRISET
MICROWAVE LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO.: AMW - 3

+xGE
Roll No _______________ _______________

|{i +E
Marks Awarded :

{`G
Course

nxE
Date _______________

+xnE E +vI
Instructor Initial :

FREQUENCY DEVIATION TEST Frequency deviation test can be performed by two methods. 1. Direct method. 2. Bessel Zero method. INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED: 1). MW System Analyzer. For performing this test, provide the local loop between the transmitter and receiver with the help of Shift Oscillator.

DIRECT METHOD
1. Feed a test tone of 200 KHz rms form the MSA at a standard level of the BB IN of the given MW Trans-Receiver at the BB IN point. 2. Connect the IF monitor point of the MW receiver to the IF in of the MSA. 3. Select BB mode on the MSA transmitter and select IF mode on the MSA receiver. 4. Read the frequency deviation value displayed on the MSA receiver. 5. Adjust the frequency to 200 KHz rms/Ch value by adjusting the MOD. Control on the Base band amplifier if required.

BESSEL ZERO METHOD

If the direct display of frequency deviation is not available then the frequency deviation can be adjusted to the correct value by Bessel Zero method. 1. By Bessel curves it is possible to adjust the frequency deviation to the correct value. For this the modulation Index for the first carrier null is taken as 2.4 and the input level of the test tone is calculated by using the formula 20 log 480/282 = + 4.6 dBm.

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2. By raising the level of the BB IN by + 4.6 dBm, the carrier power of the modulated signal in the MSA can be observed. The carrier power should go to zero (The carrier should totally disappear) if the frequency deviation is 200 KHz rms. If not adjust the MOD. Control until the carrier power becomes zero. REVIEW QUESTIONS Q.1 What is the importance of frequency deviation and watt is its periodicity of measurement in the field?

Q.2 Draw the connecting diagrams.

Signature of the candidate

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< ] IiM |M |M x: B B b - 4
x
Name : : : : ___________ ____

IRISET
MICROWAVE LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO.: AMW - 4

+xGE
Roll No _______________ _______________

|{i +E
Marks Awarded :

{`G
Course

nxE
Date _______________

+xnE E +vI
Instructor Initial :

POWER and FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT ON ANALOG RADIO

INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED
1. MW Power meter with Sensor 2. MW Frequency Counter. 1. POWER MEASUREMENT. There are three popular devices to convert the RF power to a measurable DC or low frequency signal. They are 1. The Thermistor. 2. The Thermocouple. 3. The diode detector. The general measurement technique for average power is to attach a properly calibrated Sensor to the transmission line path at which the power sensor is connected to an appropriate power meter. The RF power to the sensor is turned off and the power meter is adjusted to read zero power. This operation is often called as zero setting or zeroing. Power is then turned on and the sensor, reacting to the new input level, sends a signal to the power meter and the new meter reading is observed. The HP 8481 A is a thermocouple Sensor. Thermocouples generate a voltage due to temperature difference along thermocouple. A thermocouple is usually a loop or circuit of two different materials, in which one junction is exposed to the heat and the other not. The total effect, which produces the thermoelectric voltage, is called See back effect. The HP 8481 A Sensor is a thin film resistor constructed of tantalum nitride and deposited on the surface of a Silicon Chip converting the microwave energy to heat. The power range of the HP 8481 A sensor is - 30 to + 20 dBm and frequency range is 10 MHz to 18 GHz. When the power meter is turned on it will execute a power up reference, which will be followed by an automatic recall. The power up sequence will run some self-test routines to

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verify the operation of the power meter. If any self-test failure occur an error message will be reported to the user on the front panel display.

STEPS
1. Preset is used to set the power meter to known conditions. 2. Zero is used to the power meter's internal circuitry for a zero power indication when no power is applied to the sensor. a) Disconnect the power sensor from any sources of input power. b) Press zero. The power meter will display ZEROING ****** c) When the display disappears, zeroing is finished. 3. The CAL Key is used to calibrate the power meter and any compatible power sensor to a known reference. a). Connect the power sensor to the power REF connector. b). Press CAL (SHIFT ZERO). c). The power meter will display the current reference calibration factor with one blinking digit. d). Enter the Sensor's REF CAL FACTOR. e). Press ENTER and the power meter will display CAL ******** f). When the display disappears the calibration is finished. 4. The CAL FAC key is used to enter a calibration factor that will compensates for mismatch losses and effective efficiency of the power sensor. a) Press CAL FAC (SHIFT FREQ.). The power meter will display he current calibration factor with one of the digits blinking. b) Key the desired calibration factor of the power sensor for the input frequency. c) Press ENTER. 5. Now the power meter is ready for measurement. a) Connect the power sensor to the T-TEST or power MON Jack of he desired MW Radio Transmitter. Remove BB IN connector. b) Select the measurement mode (dBm/W). c) The power output of the transmitter is displayed. The power output displayed is ---------------------------- dBm. ------------------------------------ mW. Add the inbuilt directional coupler's factor to the measured power reading to get the actual output power of the transmitter. The specified output power of the transmitter is ------------------------------- dBm. 2. MICROWAVE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT The MW frequency counter is a continuous wave MW frequency counter with a range of 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Signals in the frequency of 10 Hz to 10 KHz are measured by a reciprocal count method and the signals in the range of 10 KHz to 120 MHz are measured by direct count technique. Signals in the range of 120 MHz to 20 GHz are down converted to an intermediate frequency. To determine the input frequency the IF count is added to or subtracted from a multiple of the local oscillator frequency. For measuring the frequency two bands are provided on the meter. Band - I 10 Hz to 120 MHz on BNC connector. IRISET/AMW - 1

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Band - II

120 MHz to 20 GHz on SM connector.

Maximum input level to the counter is + 10 dBm.

STEPS
1. Switch on the frequency counter. All LEDs lit for one second. Counter enters the test mode and displays 10.000000 with MHz enunciator turned on. 2. Press Display Time and select 0.3 S. 3. Connect the output from the T-TEST or RF MON Jack of the MW Radio Transmitter output to the Band - II 50 Ohms SM connector. Remove BB IN connector. 4. Press Band switch to select Band - II. 5. Press the RESOLUTION switch and notice the displays blinking decimal point and enunciator LED. The measured frequency of the MW Radio Transmitter (without BB input) is ----------------------- GHz. The specified output frequency of the transmitter is ----------------------------------- GHz. 6. This frequency counter model can also measure the power output by pressing POWER METER key. Power of the transmitter at the T-TEST or RF MON Jack is-------------------------------------- dBm.

Signature of the Candidate

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< ] IiM |M |M x: B B b - 5
x
Name : : : : ___________ ____

IRISET
MICROWAVE LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO.: AMW - 5

+xGE
Roll No _______________ _______________

|{i +E
Marks Awarded :

{`G
Course

nxE
Date _______________

+xnE E +vI
Instructor Initial :

COMPUTING AGC CHARACTERISTICS ON MW RECEIVER

INSTRUMENTS REQURED
1. MW Signal Generator. 2. MW System analyzer.

The automatic gain control circuit detects the output of the IF amplifier and provides a voltage proportional to the IF amplifier output. This is then reapplied to the IF amplifier to bias the transistors so as to maintain a constant gain. The AGC also provides a means of monitoring the level of the received RF signal since it is proportional to it. The speed of the AGC action should be fast enough to keep the IF amplifier output constant, but slow enough to prevent oscillations and suppress the fast changes in the RF signal level.

STEPS 1. Connect the RF signal generator to RF IN of the radio RX. 2. Connect the MW system analyzer to IF OUT of the radio RX. 3. Switch on the Radio equipment. 4. Switch on the RF Signal generator. 5. Switch on the MSA. 6. Tune the signal generator to MW receiver frequency of the radio equipment. 7. Vary the output level of the MW signal generator from - 30 dBm to - 90 dBm in steps of 5 dB and record the readings of the check meter in the REC - IN and IF level reading on the MSA.

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MW Input to RX Check meter reading IF level on MSA In dBm --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 - 40 - 45 - 50 - 55 - 60 - 65 - 70 - 75 - 80 - 85 - 86 - 88 - 89 - 90 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Draw the connecting diagram

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Plot graphs between 1. Input level to RX vs. REC IN Check meter readings. 2. Input to RX vs. IF level. Study the graph and comment.

The receive threshold levels and the IF output levels for various types of equipments. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Equipment Type Rec. Threshold level (dBm) IF OUT level (dBm) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------HARRIS (960 Ch.) - 79.3 -7 7 D 15 (120 Ch.) MELCO (120 Ch.) - 88 - 92 0 +4

7 D 20 (300 Ch.) - 86 -5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Fade margin in any Hop should not be less than 40 dB (typical). Q. 1 What do you understand by AGC range?

Signature of the Candidate

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< ] IiM |M |M x: B B b - 6
x
Name : : : : ___________ ____

IRISET
MICROWAVE LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO.: AMW - 6

+xGE
Roll No _______________ _______________

|{i +E
Marks Awarded :

{`G
Course

nxE
Date _______________

+xnE E +vI
Instructor Initial :

MEASUREMENT OF BASEBAND AND ORDERWIRE RESPONSE After checking the power output, frequency deviation of the transmitter and lining up regarding the correct IF frequency and gain of the receiver the next step in the line up is to check the base band and order wire response and gain. Any deviation found should be corrected as given in the instruction manual. Base band frequency response test are of three types. 1. Measurement of frequency response of each trans-receive. 2. Frequency response of pair of trans-receive in a Hop. 3. End to end frequency response of a link. Response should be within +/- 0.5 dB in the entire range between 20 KHz to 600 KHz with reference to 200 KHz.

INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED
1. Base band signal generator. 2. Base band Selective level meter. Part - I Base band response.

STEPS
1. Connect the signal generator to the BB IN terminal on the TRM panel of the transmitter and the selective level meter to the BB OUT terminal of the REC panel. 2. Adjust the output level of the signal generator to -45 dBm and vary the frequency from 60 KHz to 600 KHz in steps. Ensure that the output level is maintained at -45 dBm every time the frequency is altered. 3. Switch on the shift oscillator of the trans-receiver under test and measure the output level at each frequency by the selective level meter.

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4. Tabulate the readings as given below. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Base band frequency in KHz. Base band output in dBm. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 570 600 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part - II Order wire response.

The order wire is meant for service communication from station to station and is normally used as omnibus circuit. The response of the equipment is tested for distortion free and noise free performance.

INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED
1. AF Oscillator. 2. Level meter. STEPS 1. Connect the oscillator output to OW send terminal of the BRF panel and adjust the output level of the oscillator to - 8 dBm and select the oscillator impedance as 600 Ohms. 2. Connect the level meter to OW receive terminal of the BRF panel and select the level meter impedance as 600 Ohms. 3. Vary the frequency of the oscillator from 300 Hz to 3400 Hz in steps taking care that the level remains at - 8 dBm at all frequencies and note down the readings obtained in the level meter.

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4. Tabulate the readings as given below. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Order wire frequency in Hz. Order wire output in dBm. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------300 400 600 800 1000 1400 1800 2000 2400 2800 3000 3200 3400 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Draw a smooth graph showing the base band response.

STANDARDS OF BASEBAND AND ORDERWIRE LEVELS

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BASEBAND LEVELS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Equipment type. Terminal / Channel dropping Repeater. BB IN BB OUT BB IN BB OUT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Toshiba 7D6 Toshiba 7D15 Toshiba 7D20 Melco - 25 dBm - 36 dBm -36 dBm -45 dBm -15 dBm -23 dBm -23 dBm -15 dBm -25 dBm -23 dBm -23 dBm -23 dBm - 25 dBm - 23 dBm - 23 dBm - 23 dBm

Harris -25 dBm -15 dBm -25 dBm - 25 dBm ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORDERWIRE LEVELS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Equipment type. Send level Receive level --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Toshiba 7D6 - 8 dBm 0 dBm Toshiba 7D15 Toshiba 7D20 - 8 dBm - 8 dBm 0 dBm 0 dBm

Melco - 4 dBm - 4 dBm --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q. 1 What action is to be taken if the base band response is not within the limits?

Signature of the Candidate

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< ] IiM |M |M x: B B b - 7
x
Name : : : : ___________ ____

IRISET
MICROWAVE LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO.: AMW - 7

+xGE
Roll No _______________ _______________

|{i +E
Marks Awarded :

{`G
Course

nxE
Date _______________

+xnE E +vI
Instructor Initial :

STUDY OF HARRIS RADIO EQUIPMENT The FAS-7000 Haris Radio (manufactured by Farinon, USA) system provides a low power consumption, high Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), solid state multi-channel medium density in the 7125 - 7725 MHz frequency band. It has more advanced features over other radio equipments. It can be configured as Monitored Hot Standby (MHS), Frequency diversity and Space diversity systems. It can also be optionally equipped for a combination of analog and digital signals. Operation mode switching, metering functions, alarm response and optional loop protection are controlled by a Microprocessor (80C39) provided in CPU card. FEATURES: 1. TX frequency can be altered. 2. Any transmitter and any receiver combination can be used. 3. PLL circuit is used for transmitter frequency stabilization. 4. 2 W amplifier can be used as an optional unit. 5. Channel capacity is 960 Maximum. 6. Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis networks are used to improve the signal to noise ratio. 7. Operates on a four-frequency plan. 8. 7 GHz synthesizer is used as frequency source. 9. Threshold extension is possible. 10. Equipment can work on 24 V Dc or 48 V DC. 11. All units are PCB modules. 12. ILA is provided to give a gain of 12 db to the desired frequency. 13. The system is microprocessor controlled.

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NOTE: Harris module components are electrostatic sensitive devices (ESD) and moisture sensitive devices (MSD). Before handling makes sure yourself that you are grounded. If not grounded before coming in contact with the equipment the static charge in the body can destroy the ESD components in the equipment. Therefore it is advised to wear the antistatic belt supplied by the manufacturer along with the equipment before handling the equipment. SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS:

SERIES
FAS 7000 001 002 003 004 005 006

VERSION

CONFIGURATION
Non-protected Monitored Hot standby MHS with space diversity Frequency diversity Monitored Hot standby Frequency diversity

SPECIFICATIONS: Frequency Band Type Transmitter Oscillator Modulation Frequency stability Frequency control RMS deviation Spurious emission RF filter Bandwidth RF Power output RF switching RECEIVER Type Threshold level 7125 7725 MHz

TRANSMITTER
Direct modulation at RF Solid state FM 0.01% Programmable synthesizer. 200 KHz /Ch. 70 dB below rated output power. 45 MHz. + 30 dBm (1 W) Optional + 33 dBm (2 W). Coaxial relay. Single conversion Super heterodyne - 78.5 dBm for 960 Ch. (as channel capacity decreases threshold level also decreases) Transistor Oscillator 70 MHz. 36 MHz nominal.

Local Oscillator IF RF filter Bandwidth

BASEBAND CHARACTERISTICS
Base band frequency range Pilot frequency Base band input level Main port 0.3 to 4287 KHz (960 ch) 4715 KHz (960 ch). -25 dBm or 35 dBm or 45 dBm at 75 Ohms unbalanced AUX port Base band output level - 25 dBm at 75 Ohms unbalanced.

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Main port AUX port

-15 dBm or 25 dBm at 75 Ohms unbalanced. -25 dBm at 75 Ohms unbalanced.

Q.1 List the advantages of Harris Radio over other Radios.

Q.2 Draw the front view of Harris Radio indicating the measuring points.

Q.3 What is pre-emphasis and De-emphasis? Why it is employed?

Q.4 What measurements that can be done on the Bar graph display?

Q.5 What are the various alarms displayed on Harris Radio?

Signature of the Candidate

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< ] IiM |M |M x: B +< - 1

x
Name : : : : ___________ ____

IRISET
MICROWAVE LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO.: MI - 1

+xGE
Roll No _______________ _______________

|{i +E
Marks Awarded :

{`G
Course

nxE
Date _______________

+xnE E +vI
Instructor Initial :

Purpose: Study of APLAB LEVEL OSCILLATOR GENERAL: APLAB level oscillator Model No.2038A is a signal generator designed for frequency range of 0.2 to 620 KHz for 120 Channel carrier systems. The level oscillator operates on 230 V AC 50 Hz mains and is also equipped with internal rechargeable 12 V battery. For charging the battery, connect the mains to level oscillator and put the power switch on BATT.CHG. position. The charging time is approximately 12 to 14 hours. If the battery is not fully charged then the display will be weak and random frequency readings will keep on appearing. A five-digit digital frequency counter is provided to measure accurately the selected frequency with 10 Hz resolution. The level oscillator gives balanced output from +10dBm to 60 dBm full scale for 0,125,135, 150, 600 ohms and +20dBm to 50dBm unbalanced output for 75 ohms. The level oscillator can be synchronized with selective level meter model 2037A to form a complete level measuring system. Both instruments can be tuned simultaneously from a level meter frequency control. This avoids independent tuning of both level meter and level oscillator. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 1. Frequency range : 0.2 to 620 KHz in four ranges namely 0.2 160 KHz, 160 320 KHz, 320 480 KHz and 480 620 KHz.

2. Frequency display

: The selected frequency is displayed on a 5 digit counter having resolution of 10 Hz. : 100Hz / hour after 30 minutes warm-up. : i) Continuous coarse tuning in each range. ii) Fine tuning. iii) 5 KHz continuous control. IRISET/AMW - 1

3. Frequency stability 4. Tuning

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5. Selectable source impedance

: 0, 125, 135, 150, 600 Ohms for balanced output. 75 Ohms unbalanced output.

6. Output level

: -60 dBm to +10 dBm for 0.125, 135, 150, 600 Ohms. -50 dBm to + 20 dBm for 75 Ohms in 10 dB steps. : 40 dB below fundamental.

7. Harmonic distortion

8. External Synchronization

: The oscillator can be synchronized with Selective Level Meter 2037 A by connecting SYNC OUT socket of SLM to EXT SYNC socket of level oscillator by coaxial cable.

9. Power supply

: Mains : 230 10 % 50 Hz, 6W max. Batt : Internal rechargeable battery (12 V) 4 hours operation. Provision for ext. 12 V battery input.

PANEL CONTROLS AND INDICATORS: FRONT PANEL i) Output Terminal : Balanced output terminals are provided on the front panel for 0, 125, 135, 150 and 600 Ohms.

ii) Output Impedance selector :

This switch enables output impedance selection for

0, 125, 135, 150 and 600 Ohms in balance mode and 75 Ohms in unbalance mode.

iii) Output level switch

Selects the output level from 60dB to +10 dB in balance mode and 50 dB to +20 dB in unbalance mode. This knob with handle is used to coarsely adjust the frequency. Frequency is selected in four ranges 0.2 160 KHz, 160 320 KHz, 320 480 KHz and 480 620 KHz.

iv) COARSE Frequency Tuning :

v) Frequency range switch

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vi) EXT. Sync. Input Socket

This BNC socket accepts the sync. Signal from external oscillator in Ext. mode in synchronizing with level meter. Selects internal oscillator 1.0002 1.620 MHz of the oscillator or the external sync. Signal from level meter. Adjusts the needle to lower end of scale marked - 8 before switching on the unit. This potentiometer changes output level continuously to full scale (-10 dBm to + 1 dBm). This is 1 mA, 4 meter with a scale from 15 dBm to +2 dBm. This gang condenser changes output frequency continuously by 5 KHz. This changes frequency smoothly over a small range to facilitate selection of the exact frequency required. Displays the selected frequency with 10 Hz resolution. This is a five position switch having following positions. 1) OFF 2) MAINS/BATT.CHG. 3) BATT. 4) CHECK BATT. 5) BATT. CHG. When it is in MAINS/BATT. CHG. Position, unit works on mains supply and at the same time battery is trickle charged. When it is in BATT, unit works on battery. Int. battery level is indicated on the meter in CHECK BATT. Position. The internal rechargeable battery can be charged in BATT.CHG position. LED indicator supports all these positions. This LED glows green when unit is ON condition either in Mains or in BATT. Mode. It will glow red when unit is in BATT.CHG. position with mains plugged in. LED remains off in both OFF and CHECK BATT. Mode.

vii) INT/EXT switch

viii) Mechanical Zero adjustment :

ix) Output level control

x) Meter

xi) 5 KHz control

xii) Fine frequency tuning

xiii) Frequency counter xiv) Power switch

: :

xv) Power Indicator

REAR PANEL
i) Mains Socket : It is provided on the back panel to accept mains plug. A fuse is accommodated inside the socket. This accepts the battery jack. When the jack is plugged in the internal battery gets disconnected. For external firm grounding with system.

ii) Battery Jack Socket

iii) Earth Terminal Working:

The level oscillator uses one 1 MHz 5 KHz oscillator and another oscillator whose frequency is 1.0002 to 1.620 MHz. These two oscillator signals are mixed in a modulator and

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the output frequency signal is passed through a low pass filter of 620 KHz to produce low frequency signal of 0.2 to 620 KHz. 1 MHz oscillator signal is controlled by an AGC circuit. The AGC circuit detects output of amplifier and compares with reference. The output of the low pass filter is fed to an amplifier and buffer. The output of the amplifier detected by meter circuit and indicated by meter within a range of 10 to + 1 dBm. The final amplifier is followed by transformer attenuator to give output of + 10dBm to 60dBm. Digital counter indicates the output frequency. In case of Ext. Sync. Position 1.0002 to 1.620 MHz signal from selective level meter is used. In this condition the output frequency of level oscillator is synchronized with selective level meter and the frequency can be changed by frequency Range switch of SLM.

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Q 1.By observing the meter find out various controls and mark in the diagram.

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Q2. Write the functions of each control identified on the meter.

Signature of the Candidate

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< ] IiM |M |M x: B +< - 2

x
Name : : : : ___________ ____

IRISET
MICROWAVE LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO.: MI - 2

+xGE
Roll No _______________ _______________

|{i +E
Marks Awarded :

{`G
Course

nxE
Date _______________

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Instructor Initial :

Purpose: Study of APLAB SELCTIVE LEVEL METER General: APLAB selective level meter Model 2037A is designed for both Wideband and Selective level measurements in the frequency range of 2 KHz to 620 KHz. A five-digit digital frequency counter is provided on the front panel to measure accurately the selected frequency. The level meter has good sensitivity because of crystal filter. The meter scale is calibrated in dBm for 75,125,150 and 600 Ohms impedances in balanced mode and 75 Ohms unbalanced mode. The Selective meter can be used in connection with level Oscillator model 2036A to form a complete level measuring system. Once synchronized both instruments can be tuned simultaneously from the level meter controls. This avoids independent tuning of both level meter and level Oscillator. Selective measurement feature allows selective level measurement of a tone injected into some carrier-derived channel. Measurement can be taken at any point along the transmission path in respective frequency positions without taking other channels out of service. In Wideband mode signal from input amplifier directly fed to meter circuit to give wideband measurements. The level meter operates on 230 V AC 50 Hz mains and is also equipped with internal rechargeable 12 V battery. For recharging the battery, connect the mains to the level meter and put the power switch on charge position. The charging time is approx. 12 to 14 hours.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency Range : 200Hz to 620 Hz ( Wideband Mode) 2 KHz to 620KHz (Selective Mode) The tuned frequency is displayed on a 5 digit counter with 10Hz resolution and accuracy 2 x 10-5 Hz 1 digit IRISET/AMW - 1

Frequency Display

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Level Measuring Ranges

Selective Mode (125,150,600 Ohms) 100 dBm to+20 dBm Selective Mode (75 Ohms) 90 dBm to + 30 dBm Wideband Mode (125,150,600 Ohms) 50 dBm to+20 dBm. Wideband Mode (75 Ohms) 40dBm to +30dBm. Minimum measurable level is 120 dBm in Selective mode. 75 Ohms Unbalanced and High 75 Ohms balanced and high 125 Ohms balanced and high 150 Ohms balanced and high 600Ohms balanced and high This output serves to synchronize output of level oscillator 0 dBm into 600Ohms at 10 KHz 230 V AC 10% 50 Hz or 12 V internal rechargeable battery. Provision for external battery input.

Input impedance

Sync.Output Internal CAL Signal Power

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AFC functioning: SLM is to be tuned to the input frequency with the AFC switch in OFF position and then AFC switch to be put in ON position. Green LED indicates the frequency lock condition. The meter will remain tuned to the locked frequency under the following conditions: 1. Input frequency change of upto 300Hz. 2. Temperature variation of 10 locking.
0

C with respect to ambient temperature at the time of

3. 4 hours under constant input frequency and temperature conditions. The unit will unlock under the following conditions and will have to be returned again. 1. Break in the input signal 2. Mains power failure with power selector switch in mains position. 3. Excursion of input frequency beyond 300Hz. 4. Ambient temperature variation beyond 10 0C If after locking the unit goes to unlock because of any reasons mentioned above a Red LED will be ON, as unlock indication. This LED will not light when the AFC switch is in OFF position. PANEL CONTROLS and INDICATORS: Front Panel: Input Terminals : Balanced input terminal is provided on the front panel for 75,125,150 and 600Ohms and high input impedance For 75 Ohms unbalanced and high input impedance a BNC socket is provided. IRISET/AMW - 1

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Input impedance selector switch

Enables input impedance selection to 600, high; 150, high; 125, high; 75, high(BAL) and 75, high (UNBAL). The sensitivity of the meter is selected from 100 dBm to +20 dBm with this switch. For 75 Ohms (unbal)the scale reads 90 dBm to +30 dBm. This knob with handle is used to coarsely adjust the frequency . This changes frequency smoothly over a small range to facilitate selection of exact frequency required. Frequency is selected in four ranges: 2-160KHz, 160-320 KHz, 320- 480KHz, 480-620KHz with this switch. This provides 1.002-1.620 MHz Oscillator output which can be connected to level oscillators SYNC INPUT socket for synchronizing level meter with level oscillator. These are gain adjustment potentiometers, with function switch in SELECTIVE position, can be adjusted for meter reading of 0 dBm. In Wideband position can be adjusted for meter reading of 0 dBm. Adjust the needle to lower end of scale marked before switching on the unit. This is 4 meter with a scale from 20 dBm to +2dBm. This switch is a two position switch enabling the unit to track the input signal when in AFC mode. Green LED will be ON when AFC is in ON condition. Red LED will glow if unit goes to unlock condition by any of the reasons mentioned in the specifications sheet. Both LEDs will be of when AFC mode is in OFF position. Selects wideband or selective mode. Displays the selected frequency with 10Hz resolution. This is a five position switch having following positions. OFF, MAINS, BATT.,CHECK BATT., and BATT. CHARGING. When it is in MAINS unit works on mains supply, at the same time the batt. Is trickle charged. When it is in BATT., unit works on internal battery. Int. Batt. Level can be confirmed in CHECK BATT position on meter. The internal rechargeable batt. Can be charged in BATT CHARGE position. IRISET/AMW - 1

Meter Range switch

Coarse frequency tuning

Fine frequency tuning

Frequency Range switch

Sync. Output Socket

Calibration potentiometers

Mechanical zero adjustment

Meter

AFC switch

LEDs

Function switch Frequency counter Power switch

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Power indicator

It is a LED indicating Green when unit is in ON condition either in MAINS or BATT mode. It will indicate Red when unit is in charge position with mains plugged in. LED remains off in both OFF and CHECK BATT mode.

REAR PANEL
Battery Jack : This accepts the battery jack. When the socket is plugged in, the internal battery gets disconnected. It is provided on the back panel to accept mains plug. A fuse is accommodated inside the socket. It is used to give a proper firm external grounding with the system when used in field application.

Mains socket

Earth terminal

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Review questions:

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Q1. By observing the meter find out various controls and mark in the diagram.

Q2. Write the functions of each control identified on the meter.

Signature of the Candidate

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IRISET/AMW - 1

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Name : : : : ___________ ____

IRISET
MICROWAVE LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO.: A MUX 1(DTL 1)

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Roll No _______________ _______________

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Marks Awarded :

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Course

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Date _______________

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Instructor Initial :

STUDY OF DTL DTL MUX is a solid-state frequency division multiplex (FDM) carrier system. It can be configured into any multiples of 12 channels up to a maximum of 600-channel system on the basis of direct to line (DTL) principle of operation. It is also capable of providing additional 12 channels (12-60 KHz ) on optional basis and another two channels between 4-12 KHz for Order wire. Thus it can be designated as 614 (600+12+2) channel system. In this system the channel modem card is the basic module, self-contained with its integral carrier generators, filters, signalling etc., and translates the voice frequency of 300-3400Hz directly into the base band for transmission. Using DIP switches can program the carrier frequency of any channel of any group in any one of the first ten super groups. This equipment works on -24 V DC power supply. The equipment can also function on -48 V DC power supply by using a DC-DC converter card. The DTL Multiplexing system consists of the following units. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Channel Modem units. Base band Combiner board. VF Termination Units. U-Link Panel. VF Monitoring Panel. HF Monitoring Panel.

Optional Units. 1. Synchronization Unit. 2. DC-DC Power converter unit. 3. Signalling converter unit. Etc. Punjab Communication Limited Chandigarh manufactures this equipment.

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Q.1 Identify and describe the function of the following on VF Termination Card. A1, A2, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S8, S9, S10, T1, T2, J1 and J2.

Q.2 Channel Modem Card. R2, R40, R17, R25, CR18, CR21, CR24, S1, TB1, TB2, TB3, TB4.

Q.3 Draw the system Profile of DTL MUX.

Q.4 Show the positions of 10 switches for operation of a carrier frequency of 5008 KHz.

Q.5 Draw the modulation plan for a second carrier frequency of 1. 4960 KHz. 2. 4584 KHz. Comment on your observation.

Q. 6 Name the main functional units provided on the Base band Combiner board.

Signature of the Candidate

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IRISET/AMW - 1

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Name : : : : ___________ ____

IRISET
MICROWAVE LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO.: A MUX 2(DTL 2)

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Roll No _______________ _______________

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Marks Awarded :

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Course

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Date _______________

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Instructor Initial :

MEASUREMENTS on DTL INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED: 1. Selective Level Oscillator. 2. Selective Level Meter. Feed a test tone of 800 or 1000Hz at 0 dBm level having impedance 600 Ohms at 2 W point of the given channel of the 2 W U-link panel. Measure the test tone level at the points as indicated. Calculate the base band frequency in KHz for the given test tone. Standard test tone level at 4 W TX point at impedance of 600 Ohms is -16 dBm. Standard test tone level at HF TX point on HF monitoring panel at impedance of 75 Ohms is -15 to -45 dBm. Standard signalling frequency level at HF TX point on HF monitoring panel at an impedance of 75 Ohms is -35 to -65 dBm. CH. No. BB Frequency Standard level 16 dBm 4W TX 600 Ohms Standard level -15 to 45 dBm Standard level -35 to 65 dBm HF - Tx Signalling Frequency Level

HF - Tx
Speech level 75 Ohms.

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Measure the receive levels at the given points. Standard test tone frequency level at HF RX point on HF monitoring panel at an impedance of 75 Ohms is 0 dBm to -35 dBm . Standard signalling frequency level at HF RX point on HF monitoring panel at an impedance of 75 Ohms is -20 to -55 dBm. Standard test tone frequency level at 4W RX point on U-link panel at impedance of 600 Ohms is +7 dBm. Standard test tone frequency level at 2W point on U-link panel at impedance of 600 Ohms is - 4 dBm. CH. No. BB Frequency Standard level 0 to 35 dBm Speech level 75 Ohms. Standard level -20 to 55 dBm HF - Rx Signalling Frequency Level Standard level + 7 dBm 4W Rx 600 Ohms Standard level - 4 dBm 2W Rx 600 Ohms

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Q.1 What is tone-on idle condition and tone-off idle condition? Give examples.

Q.2 What is the input voltage range for DTL MUX equipment?

Q.3 What provisions are made on the VF monitoring panel?

Signature of the Candidate

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