f^; ikBd`ks`!

vkid`h ¥ksd`f^; ,oa lokZxzx≥; if(d`k ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ d`k uoEcj vad` vkids` le” ^Lrqr d`jrs gq, geÍ g"Z gks jgk
gS\ bl vad` d`ks Hh] vU; vad`kÍ d`h Hk∑fr] vf|d`kf|d` ijh{kksi;ksxh cukus d`k ^;kl fd`;k x;k gS\ geÍ fo'okl gS fd` ^Lrqr vad`
vkid`h vkd`ka{kkvkÍ ds` vuqÔi mikns; gksxk\
fofHUu izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvkÍ eÍ ¥kHnk;d` gksus d`h n~fÆV ls bl vad` eÍ vusd` egRoiw.Z fo";kÍ d`k fo'¥s".kRed` fucU÷kkÍ
ds` Ôi eÍ v÷;;u d`jk;k x;k gS\ bueÍ ls dq`N fucU÷k bl ^d`kj gß%oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ls (Lr fu|Zu ns'k] fo'o eÍ efg¥k
vf|d`kjkÍ d`h fLFkfr] i;kZoj. ^cU|u vkfn\
if(d`k ds` lokZf|d` egRoiw.Z Hkx eÍ fofHUu izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvkÍ ds` p;fur iz'u-i( vko';d` O;k“;k ,oa lads`rkÍ ds` lkFk
fn, x, gß\ bueÍ ls dq`N ^'u–i( bl ^d`kj gß%
lkekU; v÷;;u%vkxkeh Hkjrh; flfo¥ lsok ·eq“;‚ ijh{kk] 2009 gsrq fo'ks" ekWM¥ g¥ ^'u-i(\
oLrqfuÆB lkekU; Kku%(i) ;wukbVsM bf≥M;k ba';ksjÍl d`Eiuh ^'kklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh”k] 2009, (ii) fgekp¥ ^ns'k
¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ·^k\‚ ijh”k] 2009, (iii) ,l\,l\lh\ lh\ih\vks\ lc-baLisDVj ijh”k] 2009, (iv) ih\,u\ch\ d~`f" vf|d`kjh
ijh{kk] 2009.
,sfPNd` fo"; # (i) fof|%m®jk[≥M ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ·^k\‚ ijh”k] 2006, (ii) vkj\,\,l\/vkj\Vh\,l\ ·^k\‚ ijh”k]
2008, (iii) lkekU; fgUnh%>kj[≥M ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx eq“; ijh”k] 2006.
rdZ`{kerk ijh{kk%(i) ;wukbVsM bf≥M;k ba';ksjÍl d`Eiuh ^'kklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh”k] 2009, (iii) LVsV cßd` vkWœ` bf≥M;k
fo'ks"K vf|d`kjh ijh{kk] 2009.
la“;kRed` vfH;ksX;rk%xqÈMxk∑o xzkeh. cßd` vkWœ`hllZ ijh”k] 2009.
fofHUu ^fr;ksxh ijh{kkvkÍ ds` VkWilZ ,oa vU; lœ`¥ v˙;fFkZ;kÍ ds` fujUrj lEidZ` eÍ jgus ls ^kIr lœ`¥rk-jgL;kÍ/ea(kÍ d`ks
ge vkids` lkFk ck∑Vuk pkgrs gß\ loZfuÆB Ôi ls ;g rF; lkeus vk;k gS fd` lœ`¥rk ds` f¥, ;kstukc* d`fBu ifjJe] vkRe-
fo'okl ,oa lgh ekxZn'kZu vifjgk;Z gß\ buds` fcuk lœ`¥rk d`h ds`o¥ d`Yiuk gh d`h tk ld`rh gS] mld`k oj. ugÓ\ ge
psrkouh ds` Ôi eÍ vkils fuosnu d`juk pkgrs gß fd` ds`o¥ eu-eksnd` œ`ksÈMus ls d`ke ugÓ p¥sxk\ lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`jus ds` f¥,
mi;qZDr ds` vfrfjDr d`ksbZ vU; ekxZ ugÓ gS\ vki ^;kl d`hft, ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ vkid`k ekxZn'kZu d`jsxh rFkk vU;
mi;qDr lkexzh ^Lrqr d`jsxh\
fu;fer Ôi ls le>nkjh ds` lkƒ izfr;ksfxrk niZ. ifÈ<,\ ;g vkid`ks vHhÆV lœ`¥rk
fn¥kus ,oa vkids` mTTo¥ HfoÆ; d`k fuekZ. d`jus eÍ iw.Zr# l”e gS\
vkid`h prqfnZd` lœ`¥rk ,oa Lof.Ze HfoÆ; d`h gkfnZd` æqHd`keukvkÍ lfgr egsUê tSu
·lEiknd`‚

2009 22 uoEcj%f(os.h ”s(h; xzkeh. cßd` vkWœ`hlj Lds`¥–I ijh”k

11 vDVwcj%Hkjrh; fjtoZ cßd` ch xzsM vf|d`kfj;kÍ d`h HrhZ ijh{kk ·^ƒe pj.‚
22 vDVwcj%flfo¥ lfoZlst eq“; ijh”k] 2009
25 vDVwcj%U;w bafM;k ,';ksjÍl d`Eiuh ^æklfud` vf÷kd`kfj;kÍ d`h HrhZ ijh”k
25 vDVwcj%xqÈMxk∑o xzkeh. cßd` vf|d`kjh Lds`¥-I HrhZ ijh”k
25 vDVwcj%m\ ^\ eÍ flaMhds`V cßd` }kjk ^ƒek cßd` eÍ vf÷kd`kfj;kÍ ·Lds`¥–I‚ d`h HrhZ
ijh”k
1 uoEcj%Js;l xzkeh. cßd` foæs"K vf÷kd`kfj;kÍ d`h HrhZ ijh”k
1 uoEcj%m®jkap¥ xzkeh. cßd` f¥fid` lg–jksd`fÈM;k HrhZ ijh”k
1 uoEcj%xqÈMxk∑o xzkeh. cßd` f¥fid`-lg-jksd`fÈM;k HrhZ ijh”k
1 uoEcj%m\ ^\ eÍ flaMhds`V cßd` }kjk ^ƒek cßd` eÍ d`k;kZ¥; lgk;d`kÍ/f¥fid`kÍ d`h HrhZ
ijh”k
8 uoEcj%Js;l xzkeh. cßd` f¥fid` lg–jksd`fÈM;k HrhZ ijh”k
8 uoEcj%e÷; ^ns'k flfo¥ U;k;k|h'k ·oxZ-2‚ eq“; ijh{kk
8 uoEcj%jkÆV_h; ^frHk [kst ijh”k] 2009 ·d`”k VIII eÍ iÈ< jgs fo»kfƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥,‚
8 uoEcj%e\ ^\ usæu¥ ehUl-d`e-esfjV Ld`kW¥jfæi ijh”k%2009-10
8 ,oa 15 uoEcj%Hkjrh; LVsV cßd` f¥fid`h; laoxZ HrhZ ijh”k] 2009
15 uoEcj%,l\,l\lh\ vkWMhVlZ ,≥M ,d`kmUVÍVlΩ ijh”k ·Hkjrh; vads`”. ,oa ¥s[k
foHkx‚
16 uoEcj%e\ ^\ jkT; lsok eq“; ijh”k%2008
21 uoEcj%Hkjrh; vkfFkZd` lsok/Hkjrh; lkaf“;d`h; lsok ijh{kk, 2009
22 uoEcj%jktLFkku jkT; ik(rk ijh{kk (SET), 2009
22 uoEcj%jktLƒku xzkeh. cßd` vf|d`kjh Lds`¥-I HrhZ ijh”k
22 uoEcj%d`kWiksZjsæu cßd` ^kscsæujh vkWœ`hllZ ijh”k
29 uoEcj%jktLƒku xzkeh. cßd` f¥fid`-lg-jksd`fÈM;k HrhZ ijh”k
29 uoEcj%d`kWiksZjsæu cßd` D¥sjhd`¥ dS`Mj ijh”k
29 uoEcj%f(os.h ”s(h; xzkeh. cßd` vkWfœ`l vflLVÍV ijh”k
uoEcj%Hkjrh; ok;qlsuk eÍ xzqi ‘X’ rd`uhd`h V_sMΩl eÍ ,;jeSukÍ d`h HrhZ ijh”k
13 fnlEcj%vksfj,aV¥ cßd` vkWœ` d`kWelZ ^kscsæujh vkWœ`hllZ ijh”k
·vkWu¥kbu vfUre frfƒ%31 vDVwcj] 2009‚
13 fnlEcj%,l\,l\lh\ d`j lgk;d` ijh”k%2009
·vfUre frfƒ%30 vDVwcj] 2009‚
20 fnlEcj%jkÆV_h; fef¥V_h Ldw`¥ ‘d`kWeu ,aV_Íl VsLV’ ·d`”k 6‚
20 fnlEcj%lh\,l\vkbZ\vkj\ ;w\th\lh\ NET ijh”k] 2009 ·foKku fo";kÍ eÍ‚
20 fnlEcj%fot;k cßd` ^kscsæujh D¥dZ` HrhZ ijh”k
26 fnlEcj%ds`Unzh; fo»k¥; laxBu ihthVh HrhZ ijh”k
·vfUre frfƒ%12 vDVwcj] 2009‚
27 fnlEcj%t;iqj ƒkj xzkeh. cßd` d`k;kZ¥; lgk;d`kÍ d`h HrhZ ijh”k
27 fnlEcj%ds`Unzh; fo»k¥; laxBu VhthVh HrhZ ijh”k
·vfUre frfƒ%12 vDVwcj] 2009‚
28 fnlEcj%ds`Unzh; fo»k¥; laxBu ^kbejh Vhpj HrhZ ijh”k
·vfUre frfƒ%12 vDVwcj] 2009‚
2010
10 tuojh%;wfu;u cßd` D¥sjhd`¥ dS`Mj ijh”k
·vkWu¥kbu vfUre frfƒ%31 vDVwcj] 2009‚
14 œ`jojh%la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx lfEef¥r j”k lsok ijh”k (I), 2010
·vfUre frfƒ%26 vDVwcj] 2009‚

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/642
 o"Z 32 prqƒZ vad uoEcj 2009

645 lEiknd`h; 732 lkekU; v÷;;u%(i) vkxkeh Hkjrh; flfo¥ lsok

646 jkÆV_h; ?Vuk∂`e ·eq“;‚ ijh”k] 2009 gsrq foæs" ekWM¥ g¥ ^'u-i(
652 vUrjkZÆV_h; ?Vuk∂`e 740 (ii) vkxkeh Hkjrh; flfo¥ lsok eq“; ijh”k] 2009
gsrq foæs" ekWM¥ g¥ iz'u-i(
657 vkfƒZd` okf.fT;d` ifj›';
749 oLrqfuÆB lkekU; Kku%(i) ;wukbVsM bf≥M;k bU';ksjUs l
662 uohure lkekU; Kku d`Eiuh izæklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh”k] 2009
668 [s¥dw`n 750 (ii) fgekp¥ iznsæ ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ·^k\‚ ijh”k]
673 jkstxkj lekpkj 2009
679 foKku ,oa ^kS»ksfxd`h 755 (iii) ,l\,l\lh\ lh\ih\vks\ lc-bULisDVj ijh”k]
681 vuqizsjd` ;qok ^frHk,a 2009
686 Lej.h; rF; 759 (iv) ih\,u\ch\ d~`f" vf|d`kjh ijh”k] 2009
688 fo'o ifj›'; 762 m»ksx O;kikj txrΩ
691 vkfƒZd` ¥s[%(i) oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ls (Lr fu|Zu 764 ,sfPNd` fo";%(i) fof|%m®jk[≥M ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx
nsæ ·^k\‚ ijh”k] 2006
693 (ii) [k» inkƒksÛ d`h cÈ<rh d`herÍ] lw[k vkSj lekosæh 772 (ii) vkj\,\,l\/vkj\Vh\,l\ ·^k\‚ ijh”k] 2008
fod`kl 779 (iii) lkekU; fgUnh%>kj[≥M ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx eq“;
695 vUrjkZÆV_h; lEcU| ¥s[%la;qDr jkÆV_ la? # laxBu ijh”k] 2006
,oa d`k;Z 782 fofo| rF; ,oa lkekU; tkud`kjh%(i) ukxj foekuu
701 lkekftd` ¥s[%fo'o eÍ efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`h fLƒfr lsok,a # ubZ ˜∑pkb;kÍ d`h vksj%eq“;-eq“; ckrÍ
706 dS`fj;j ¥s[%,e\ ch\ ,\ # ,d` izfrfÆBr isæk 784 rdZ`”erk%(i) ;wukbVsM bf≥M;k bU';ksjsUl d`Eiuh
izæklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh”k] 2009
708 vkUrfjd` lqj”k lEcU|h ¥s[%uDl¥okn # vkUrfjd` 791 (ii) LVsV cßd` vkWœ` bf≥M;k foæs"K vf|d`kjh
lqj”k d`ks pqukSrh # N®hlxÈ< ds` foæs" lUnHZ eÍ ijh”k] 2009
711 jktuhfrd` ¥s[%Hkjrh; jkÆV_oknh fpUru 796 la“;kRed` vfH;ksX;rk%xqÈMxk∑o xzkeh. cßd` vkWœ`hllZ
713 lkfgfR;d` ¥s[%vehj [qljks d`k fgUnh ds` fod`kl eÍ ijh”k] 2009
;ksxnku 800 D;k vki tkurs gß =
714 HkSxksf¥d` ¥s[%i;kZoj. izcU|u 801 viuk Kku cÈ<kb,
716 lelkef;d` ¥s[%(i) iz|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg d`h 802 iz'u vkids` m®j gekjs
;sd`kVsfjucxZ ;k(k 803 ^ƒe iqjLÎ`r fucU÷k%21oÓ lnh d`k fo'o
720 (ii) th-8 ,oa th-5 eÍ Hkjr d`h Hwfed`k 806 lkekU; Kku ^fr;ksfxrk ∂`ekad` 135
724 lSU; dS`fj;j ¥s[%lSU; lsokvkÍ ds` izfr cÈ<rh 809 fucU÷k ^fr;ksfxrk ∂`ekad` 366 d`k ifj.ke
mnklhurk # d`kj. ,oa lek|ku 810 English Language—Andhra Bank Marketing
728 lkj laxzg Associates Exam., 2009

izfr;ksfxrk niZ. eÍ izd`kfær fd`lh Hh lkexzh vFkok fp( ds` f¥, lEiknd` d`h lgefr gksuk vko';d` ugÓ gS\ %lEiknd`

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/643
 ✫ vk'kk m®e t¥iku gS] fd`Urq jkf( d`k fud~`ÆV Hkstu\ %csd`u
pUns d`h ubZ njÍ
·1 uoEcj] 2008 ls ¥kxw‚
✫ d`k;jkÍ vkSj laæ;æh¥ O;fDr;kÍ ds` f¥, izR;sd` oLrq vlEHo gS] D;kÍfd` mUgÍ ,slk
gh izrhr gksrk gS\ %okYVj Ld`kWV izfr;ksfxrk niZ.
✫ vkRegR;k d`juk d`k;jrk gS\ %usiksf¥;u fgUnh vaxzsth
✫ xq:tukÍ d`k vuknj gh mud`k o| d`g¥krk gS\ %HxokuΩ d~`Æ. ·egkHkjr‚ ,d` izfr ewY; 50·00 50.00
✫ ;qokd`k¥ d`h vk'kk iqvk¥ d`h vkx gS ftlds` t¥us vkSj cq>us eÍ nsj ugÓ ¥xrh\ okf"Zd` ewY; #
%^sepUn lk|kj. Mkd` ls 455·00 450·00
✫ |w¥ Lo;a vieku lg ¥srh gS vkSj cn¥s eÍ œw`¥kÍ d`k migkj nsrh gS\ jftLVMZ Mkd` ls 685·00 680·00
%jchUnzukFk VSxksj f}okf"Zd` ewY; #
✫ |uh d`ks vius |u d`k en jgrk gS] vgad`kj jgrk gS] ijUrq xjhc d`h >kÍiÈMh eÍ lk|kj. Mkd` ls 815·00 810·00
en vkSj vgad`kj ds` f¥, LFkku ugÓ jgrk\ %izsepUn jftLVMZ Mkd` ls 1265·00 1260·00
✫ Î`rKrk fe(rk d`ks fpjLFkk;h j[rh gS vkSj u, fe( cukrh gS\ %d`gkor lkekU; Kku niZ.
✫ vuklfDr d`h d`lkSVh ;g gS fd` fœ`j ml oLrq ds` vHko eÍ ge d`ÆV d`k vuqHo ,d` izfr ewY; 35·00
u d`jÍ\ %gfjHk˜ mik÷;k; okf"Zd` ewY; #
✫ thou d`k vkuUn xkSjo ds` lkFk] lEeku ds` lkFk] LokfHeku ds` lkFk thus eÍ gS\ lk|kj. Mkd` ls 320·00
%Jhjke æekZ vkpk;Z jftLVMZ Mkd` ls 545·00
f}okf"Zd` ewY; #
lk|kj. Mkd` ls 575·00
jftLVMZ Mkd` ls 1025·00
● Î`i;k viuk lnL;rk–æqYd` euhvkWMZj
vFkok cßd` M_kŒV }kjk gh izsf"r d`jÍ\
pSd` Lohd`kj ugÓ gkÍxs\
D;k vki ;w\th\lh\ ·usV‚] ih\th\Vh\] Vh\th\Vh\] cßfd`ax lsok ijh{kk] ● vius LiÆV irs ds` lkFk ;g Hh lwfpr
Hkjrh; thou chek fuxe-iz'kklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh{kk] ou lsok ijh{kk] mi- d`jÍ fd` vki fd`l ekg ls fd`l ekg rd`
fujh{kd` iqf¥l] ,e\`ch\`,\] lh\ ih\,e\Vh\] lh\ch\,l\bZ\] ch\,M\ izosæ ijh{kk] ds` f¥, xzkgd` cu jgs gß\
js¥os vkfn ijh{kkvkÍ eÍ lfEef¥r gks jgs gß= ;fn gk∑] rks vki ,d` vkd`"Zd` ● iqjkus xzkgd` Î`i;k viuh xzkgd` la“;k
iqjLd`kj izkIr d`j ld`rs gß\ d`k mY¥s[ vo'; d`jÍ\
vkid`ks d`juk flœZ` bruk gS fd` oLrqfuÆB iz'u–i(kÍ eÍ iwNs x, iz'u vki ● euhvkWMZj vFkok cßd M_kŒV ‘izfr;ksfxrk
viuh Le~fr ds` vk|kj ij cgqoSd`fYid` iz'ukÍ lfgr geÍ f¥[d`j fHtok nÍ\ niZ.’ ds` uke ls gh Lohd`kj fd`, tk,axs\
ge lHh izfofÆV;kÍ d`ks izfr;ksfxrk eÍ 'kkfe¥ d`jÍxs vkSj lokZf|d` lgh iz'u
Hstus ok¥s d`ks iqjLÎ`r d`jÍxs\ vkWMZj œ`keZ
iqjLd`kj eß izfr;ksfxrk niZ./lkekU; Kku niZ.
(i) lokZf|d` lgh iz'u Hstus ij izFke rhu d`ks ∂`e'k# 200, 100 o 60 :\ ·fgUnh ekfld`‚ d`k okf"Zd`/f}okf"Zd` fu;fer
iqjLd`kj LoÔi fn, tk,axs\ xzkgd` cuuk pkgrk gw∑/pkgrh gw∑] Î`i;k
(ii) 75% iz'u ls d`e ij d`ksbZ iqjLd`kj ns; ugÓ gksxk\ esjh izfr eq>s fuEukafd`r irs ij izsf"r d`jus
d`h Î`ik d`jÍ\
Lej. izfr;ksfxrk uke
izfr;ksfxrk niZ. 2/11 ,] Lons'kh chek uxj] vkxjk-2 irk

fo";%t¥ok;q ifjorZu ij fo'o d`h
fpUrk,a\
vfUre frfFk%28 uoEcj] 2009
'kCn la“;k%¥xHx 2000 'kCn\
(1) fucU| d`kxt ds` ,d` vksj gh Vafd`r o mid`kj ^d`kæu d`h 100 :i, ewY; rd`
vFkok Lo-gLrf¥f[r gksuk pkfg,\
fiu
eß\\\\\\\\ :\ euhvkWMZj/cßd` M_kŒV
(2) fucU| ds` lkFk izfr;ksxh viuk
}kjk izsf"r d`j jgk gw∑/jgh gw∑\
ikliks VZ vkd`kj d`k Nk;kfp( HstÍ\ izFke rhu
fucU|kÍ ij ge ∂`e'k# 500, 400 o 250 :i, fnukad` izs"d` d`k uke
ewY; d`h mid`kj izd`k'ku }kjk izd`kf'kr iqLrdÍ`
o izek.-i( iqjLd`kj ds` Ôi eÍ nÍxs\ vU;
10 vuq'kaflr fucU|kÍ d`ks vkd`"Zd` izek.-i(
izfr;ksfxrk niZ.
d`h okafNr iqLrd` iqjLd`kj LoÔi nh tk,xh\ 2/11 ,] Lonsæh chek uxj] vkxjk%282 002

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/644
 u ihNs d`h vksj ns[rk gS vkSj u chrk
gqvk le; gh okil vkrk gS\ ;fn ge lw;Z
d`h Hk∑fr fuR; uohu ¥{; ¥sd`j thou eÍ
vxzlj gksuk pkgrs gß] rks geÍ fd`dsZ` xkMZ
thus dh dyk lw;Z ls lhf[k, (Kierke Gaard) d`k ;g d`ƒu ;kn
j[uk pkfg, fd`%“Life can only be
understood backwards, but it must be
lw;Z leLr ^d`kæ d`k lzksr gS lkƒ gh vR;Ur foLr~r vkSj foæk¥ gS\ lived forwards.” thou eÍ lœ`¥ gksus ds`
og ^k.nk;d` vkSj ewfrZear thou gS\ lw;Z fnu Hj rius ds` i'pkrΩ jkf( d`ks f¥, O;fDr d`ks lnSo ;g lkspuk pkfg,
foJke d`jrk gS rƒk ^kr#d`k¥ v:`. Ôi gksd`j mn; gksrk gS\ mld`k næZu fd` mls d`¥ D;k d`juk gS = blds` f¥,
vkæk] Lœw`frZ ,oa vkuUn d`k gsrq gksrk gS\ ge Hh lw;Z d`h Hk∑fr fuR; uohu og chrs gq, d`¥ ls fæ”k ¥s ld`rk gS]
mRlkg ,oa Lœw`frZ ¥sd`j mn; gks ld`rs gß] fnu Hj d`k;Z d`jrs gq, gekjh ijUrq mlls fpids` jguk] mlds` f¥, d`Hh
d`ksfæd`kvkÍ d`k ”; gksrk gS rƒk jkf( eÍ foJke d`k¥ eÍ d`ksfæd`kvkÍ d`k iqu# Hh ¥kHnk;d` fl* ugÓ gksxk\ vf|d`kaæ
O;fDr ;gh ugÓ le> ikrs gß fd` bl
fuekZ. gks tkrk gS\ bl ^d`kj ^d~`fr geÍ fuR; u;k Ôi ^nku d`jrh gS\ vYithou eÍ os D;k d`jÍ] ijUrq lkƒ gh
thou vkSj vejrk d`k jgL; ;gh gS] ijUrq ge bl rF; ds` ^fr tkxÔd` og ;g Hh lad`Yiuk d`jrs gß fd` mud`k
ugÓ gksrs\ MkW\ jk|kd~`Æ.u us Bhd` gh d`gk gS ‘vkfn ls vUr rd` gekjk vx¥k thou cgqr cÈMk gksxk\ os d`Hh ;g
thou ,d` ^d`kj d`h e~R;q gS ftld`k vƒZ gS%fuR; u, thou d`h ^kfIr’\ ugÓ lksprs fd` ^d~`fr d`k d`ksbZ inkƒZ
blh ckr d`ks nkæZfud` I¥sVks us bl ^d`kj d`gk gS fd` ‘;g egRoiw.Z ugÓ gS vius orZeku thou d`ks rqPN ugÓ le>rk
fd` ge fd`rus fnu thfor jgrs gß] egRoiw.Z ;g gS fd` ge fd`l ^d`kj gS] D;kÍfd` mld`k vx¥k thou cgqr
thfor jgrs gß\’ ge thou eÍ u;k ^d`kæ rHh ^nku d`j ld`rs gß] tc lw;Z mi;ksxh ,oa ewY;oku gksxk\ mnkgj. ds`
d`h Hk∑fr fpj uohu Lœw`frZ ds` lkƒ fujUrj rirs gq, d`k;Zjr cus jgÍ\ thou f¥,] xq¥kc d`k œw`¥ ;»fi vYid`k¥ rd`
d`k mˆs'; lR; d`h lk|uk gS vkSj ^d`kæ lR; d`k ^rhd` gS\ f[¥rk gS] rƒkfi og leLr ok;qe≥M¥
d`ks lqjfHr d`j nsrk gS\ xq¥kc d`h ^R;sd`
xq:nso jchUnzukƒ VSxksj us ,d` Lƒku cÈMk niZ. ¥sd`j ¥kSVk] mleÍ iwjs ?j d`k d`¥h d`h ;gh d`gkuh gS fd` og orZeku d`ks
ij f¥[k gS fd` ^kr# mxrs gq, lw;Z us ^frfcEc vk x;k] ijUrq og nl feuV lqjfHr d`jds` viuk thou lkƒZd` d`jrh
pkjkÍ vksj viuk ^d`kæ-iqat fod`h.Z d`j ckn gh VwV x;k\ rhljk ¥ÈMd`k tc ¥kSVk] gS\ xq¥kc ;fn vius thou d`h LoYirk d`ks
fn;k\ ,slk d`jrs gq, mlus fd`lh ^d`kj rc mlds` gkƒ eÍ ,d` eksec®h ƒh\ rqPNrk le> cSBs] rks mld`k f[¥uk ,oa
d`k HsnHko ugÓ fd`;k\ ml n~'; us esjs eksec®h us iwjs ?j d`ks ^d`kfær d`j fn;k ok;qe≥M¥ d`k lqjfHr gksuk lekIr gks
≤n; eÍ ,d` fofp( ^d`kj d`h ihÈMk mRiUu vkSj og fujUrj ^d`kæeku jgh\ jktk us tk,\ fo'o ^iap d`k ,d` d`. Hh ;fn
d`j nh vkSj eß lekurk d`h Hkouk }kjk blh ¥ÈMds` d`ks m®jkf|d`kjh ?ksf"r d`j viuh rqPNrk d`h vuqHwfr }kjk vfHHwr
vfHHwr gks mBk\ lekurk d`h Hkouk us fn;k] D;kÍfd` mlus ?j d`ks ^d`kfær d`jus gksd`j fufÆ∂`; gks tk,] rks fo'o d`h
eq>s fo'o-ekuo d`h d`Yiuk ^nku d`j nh d`h lad`Yiuk d`h ƒh\ thou d`h lkƒZd`rk ijek.q Δk~a[¥k [f≥Mr gks tk, vkSj ^¥;
vkSj eß fo'o-osnuk d`k xk;d` cu x;k\ ;gh gS fd` ge ^d`kæ œS`¥k,a] ftlls d`k n~'; mifLƒr gks tk,\ tks O;fDr
d`ohUnz ds` d`ƒu d`k vfH^k;# LiÆV va|d`kj d`k ukæ gks vkSj jkLrs fn[kbZ nsus ^d~`fr ds` bl fu;e ds` vuqlkj thou d`ks
gS fd` tc ckgj d`k ^d`kæ Hhrj d`k ¥xÍ\ ,d` iqjkuh d`gkuh ds` vuqlkj%,d` mRlkgiwoZd` ugÓ thrs gß] os ekuks u, tUe
^d`kæ cu tkrk gS] rc jchUnz ukƒ ln~æ va|k O;fDr lnSo vius gkƒ eÍ t¥rh gqbZ d`h reUuk eÍ [qndq`æh d`j ¥srs gß\
fo'o d`fo ,oa vej xk;d` d`k fuekZ. ¥k¥Vsu j[rk ƒk\ blls nks ¥kH gksrs ƒs\
jkgxhj va|s d`ks ns[ ¥srs ƒs vkSj va|k lw;Z jfDreo.Z mfnr gksrk gS vkSj
gksrk gS\ vkUrfjd` ^d`kæ ds` vHko eÍ jfDreo.Z gh vLr gksrk gS\ og fo'o d`ks
ckÌ ^d`kæ O;ƒZ jgrk gS\ eu d`h vk∑[Í u O;fDr lqjf”r cuk jgrk ƒk\ lkƒ gh nsuk tkurk gS] mlls ¥suk ugÓ] D;kÍfd`
[q¥Í] rks eLrd` d`h vk∑[Í ek( eksj ia[ d`h jkgxhjkÍ d`ks va|sjs eÍ viuk jkLrk ns[us eÍ vkfn ls vUr rd` ,d`lk cuk jgrk gS\
vk∑[Í cuh jgrh gß\ xksfi;kÍ us Kkuh m*o lgk;rk ^nku d`jrk ƒk\ mlds` thou d`k ^R;sd` ”. mRlkg vkSj
ls ;gh d`gk ƒk fd`] ‘˜|ks! Jhd~`Æ.-næZu mDr d`gkuh d`k fuÆd`"Z ;g Bgjrk foLrkj-Hkouk }kjk iwfjr cuk jgrk gS\
ds` f¥, vf[;k∑ pgß] u eksj vf[;k∑ pgß\’ gS fd` foLrkj Hkouk ds` ^fr tkxÔd` fopkjd` lSeqv¥ tkWUlu us Bhd` gh d`gk
ck¥d` jkT; d`k vf|d`kjh curk gS\ Lokeh gS fd`] ∏lEiUu gksd`j ejus d`h vis”k
lO;ZO;kih ^d`kæ gh lkƒZd` gksrk gS\ foosd`kuUn us blh thou-lw( d`ks ¥{; lEiUu thou O;rhr d`juk d`gÓ vf|d`
og ckÌ gks vƒok vkUrfjd`\ og loZxzkgh d`jrs gq, d`gk gS fd`] ∏thou d`k ig¥k JsÆB gSπ (It is better to live rich than
,oa loZxzkgh gksuk pkfg,\ vkSj LiÆV ¥”. gS%foLrkj\ ;fn rqe to die rich.)
,d` jktk ds` rhu ¥ÈMds` ƒs\ mlus thfor jguk pkgrs gks] rks rqEgÍ œS`¥uk O;kogkfjd` thou d`k ;g lw( euu
^R;sd` d`ks ,d` fuf'pr |ujkfæ nsd`j gksxk\ ftl le; rqe thou d`k foLrkj d`jus ;ksX; gS fd` egRoiw.Z ;g ugÓ gS fd`
d`gk%‘bl |u ls tks ,slh oLrq ¥k,xk] cUn d`j nksxs] mlh ”. tku ¥suk fd` ge fd`lh fl*kUr ds` f¥, ^k. R;kxrs gß]
tks iwjs ?j eÍ lek tk,] mld`ks eß viuk foif®;k∑ rqEgkjs lkeus gß\’ foif®;k∑ gh cfYd` egRoiw.Z ;g gS fd` ge fd`lh
m®jkf|d`kjh cuk nw∑xk\’ jktk d`h vkKk D;kÍ] e~R;q rqEgkjs lkeus gS] D;kÍfd` fod`kl fl*kUr ds` f¥, thfor jgrs gß\ lw;ksZn;
lqud`j vkSj eu eÍ jkT;-^kfIr d`h bPNk thou d`k ¥”. gS vkSj bld`k vHko e~R;q eÍ tks ukVd` Hjk gS] lkSUn;Z Hjk gS tks
¥sd`j rhukÍ ¥ÈMds` ogk∑ ls p¥s x,\ ig¥k d`k ifjpk;d` gS\ ¥h¥k Hjh gS] og gekjs thou d`h ^sj.k
¥ÈMd`k ,d` cÈMk x¥hpk ¥s vk;k] ijUrq lw;Z fujUrj p¥rk jgrk gS] mlds` gksuh pkfg, fd` ftUnxh Hksj gS] lwjt ls
og NksVk iÈM x;k\ nwljk ¥ÈMd`k ,d` cgqr lkƒ le; Hh O;rhr gksrk tkrk gS\ lw;Z fud`¥rs jfg,\ ●●●

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/645

O``ih,l,¥oh-lh 14 }kjk leqnz
fuxjkuh mixzg vksæulSV-2 d`k
lœ`¥ iz{ksi.
O``pUnzek d`h lrg ij ikuh d`h
[kst # pUnz;ku-1 d`h cÈMh mi-
¥fC|
O``lk{kj Hkjr feæu
O``vkU|z izns'k ds` eq“;ea(h okbZ ,l
vkj jsMΩMh d`k gs¥hd`kWIVj
nq?ZVuk eÍ fu|u
O``lkekU; ls 20-21 izfr'kr d`e
jgh bl o"Z ekulwuh o"kZ
O``ukS u, ,uvkbZVh Lƒkfir d`jus
d`h ;kstuk
O``lhch,lbZ d`h nloÓ d`{kk d`h
ijh{kk oSd`fYid` gqbZ
O``tEew d`'ehj eÍ vkbZvkbZ,e d`h
LFkkiuk d`h ;kstuk jnΩn # nks
ds`Unzh; fo'ofo»k¥;kÍ d`h LFkk-
iuk gksxh jkT; eÍ
O``Dok(ksfPp ds` fo:`* eke¥s d`h
okilh ls can gksxk cksœ`kslZ
n¥k¥h eke¥k
O``laf”Ird`h
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/646
KkrO; gS fd` izk;# mixzg d`h ¥kxr
ls d`gÓ vf|d` [pZ mlds` iz{ksi. ij
vkrk gS\ varjkZÆV_h; cktkj eÍ izfr ,d`
fd`xzk\ otu d`h 500-700 fd`eh\ ˜∑pkbZ
ok¥h d`{kk eÍ iz{ksi. d`k ewY; ¥xHx 10
gtkj MkW¥j gS] tcfd` 36000 fd`eh d`h
ih,l,¥oh-lh14 }kjk leqnz ˜∑pkbZ ok¥h Hw-LƒSfrd` d`{kk eÍ iz{ksi. d`k
[pZ ¥xHx 25 gtkj MkW¥j izfr fd`xzk\
fuxjkuh mixzg vks'kulSV-2 cSBrk gS\
d`k lœ`¥ iz{ksi.
ih,l,¥oh d`h mÈMkuÍ
varfj{k foKku ds` {ks( eÍ ,d vkSj ih,l,¥oh-Mh1 20 flrEcj] 1993
mi¥fC| Hkjrh; varfj{k vuqla|ku laxBu ·foœ`¥‚
(ISRO) us 23 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks ml
le; izkIr d`h tc lkeqfnzd` vuqla|kukÍ ds` ih,l,¥oh-Mh2 15 vDVwcj] 1994
f¥, vR;k|q f ud` mixz g vks ' kulS V - 2 ih,l,¥oh-Mh3 21 ekpZ] 1996
(Ocean sat-2) d`k lœ`¥ iz{ksi. fd`;k ih,l,¥oh-lh1 29 flrEcj] 1997
x;k\ 960 fd`xzk otu ok¥s bl lkeqfnzd` ih,l,¥oh-lh2 26 ebZ] 1999
fuxjkuh mixzg d`ks i~Foh d`h ¥xHx 720 ih,l,¥oh-lh3 22 vDVwcj] 2001
fd`eh ˜∑ph |zqoh; d`{kk eÍ Lƒkfir fd`;k ih,l,¥oh-lh4 12 flrEcj] 2002
x;k gS\ ;g iz{ksi. iks¥j lSVs¥kbV ¥k∑p
Oghd`¥ (PSLV-C14) ds` }kjk vkU|z izns'k ih,l,¥oh-lh5 17 vDVwcj] 2003
ih,l,¥oh-lh6 5 ebZ] 2005
eÍ Jhgfjd`ksVk fLƒr lrh'k |ou varfj{k
ds`Unz ls fd`;k x;k\ ih,l,¥oh-lh7 10 tuojh] 2007
ih,l,¥oh-lh8 23 vizS¥] 2007
ih,l,¥oh-lh10 23 tuojh] 2008
ih,l,¥oh-lh9 28 vizS¥] 2008
ih,l,¥oh-lh11 22 vDVwcj] 2008
ih,l,¥oh-lh12 20 vizS¥] 2009
ih,l,¥oh-lh14 23 flrEcj] 2009
lrh'k |ou varfj{k ds`Unz ls ih,l,¥oh-
lh14 d`h mÈMku
‘bljks’ izeq[ th\ ek|ou uk;j o
vU; ofjÆB oS K kfud`kÍ ds ` vfrfjDr
mijkÆV_ifr gkfen valkjh Hh bl volj
ij mifLƒr ƒs\ 20 flrEcj] 1993 d`ks
ih,l,¥oh d`h ig¥h foœ`¥ mÈMku ds`
i'pkrΩ bl iz{ksi. ;ku d`h ;g ¥xkrkj
15 oÓ lœ`¥ mÈMku ƒh\ blls iwoZ 22
vDVwcj] 2008 d`ks ih,l,¥oh-lh-11 }kjk
pUnz;ku -1 d`k rƒk 20 vizS¥] 2009 d`ks vks'kulSV-2 Hkjr d`k 16 ok∑ nwj
ih,l,¥oh-lh-12 }kjk fjlS V- 2 d`k laosnh mixzg gS tks eRL; cgq¥ {ks(kÍ d`h
iz{ksi. fd`;k x;k ƒk\ ih,l,¥oh-lh-14 igpku d`jus] leqnz eÍ Tokj HkVk d`h
d`h bl mÈMku }kjk 6 vU; uSuks mixzgkÍ fLƒfr d`k vuqeku] rVh; {ks( ds` v÷;;u
d`ks Hh |zqoh; d`{kk eÍ Lƒkfir fd`;k x;k ds` v¥kok ekSle laca|h iwokZuqeku ¥xkus
gS\ ¥xHx 8-8 fd`xzk otu ds ¥DtsecxZ ds` f¥, vk∑d`ÈMs mi¥C| d`jk,xk\ bl
o teZuh ds` nks :fcu (Rubin) lSVs- mixzg us viuh d`{kk eÍ igq∑pd`j
¥kbVΩl ds` vfrfjDr 1-1 fd`xzk\ otu ds` vks'kulSV-1 d`k Lƒku f¥;k gS\ leqnzh
4 vU; D;wclSVΩl fofHUu ;wjksih; fo'o- foKku ds` HkSfrd` vkSj tSfod` ig¥qvkÍ ds`
fo»k¥;kÍ }kjk fufeZr gß\ v÷;;u ds` f¥, ebZ 1999 eÍ iz{ksfir
vks'kulSV-1 mixzg varfj{k eÍ viuh nl
o"Z d`h vof| iwjh d`j pqd`k gS\ vks'ku-
lSV-2 d`k thoud`k¥ ik∑p o"Z vkd`f¥r
fd`;k x;k gS\
vks'kulSV-2 ds` lœ`¥ iz{ksi. ds`
i'pkrΩ ‘bljks’ }kjk lapkj mixzg
th-lSV4 d`k iz{ksi. fnlEcj 2009 eÍ
fd`;k tk,xk\ ;g iz{ksi. th,l,¥oh-Mh 3
}kjk fd`;k tk,xk\ blls iwoZ ih,l,¥oh-
lh15 }kjk d`kVkZlSV- 2 ch d`k iz{ksi. Hh
lEHkfor gS\
vks'kulSV-2 ds` lœ`¥ iz{ksi. ds` f¥,
jkÆV_ifr izfrHk ikfV¥] mijkÆV_ifr gkfen
valkjh vkSj iz|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg us
‘bljks’ d`h Vhe d`ks c|kbZ nh gS\ vius
lans'k eÍ jkÆV_ifr us d`gk fd` oSKkfud`kÍ us
lœ`¥rkiwoZd` mixzgkÍ d`k iz{ksi. fd`;k gS
vkSj ;g lewps ns'k ds` f¥, xoZ d`k {k.
gS\ vius c|kbZ lans'k eÍ iz|kuea(h
eueksgu ¯lg us d`gk fd` ih,l,¥oh ds`
lœ`¥ iz{ksi. ls ‘bljks’ us ,d` ckj iqu#
viuh cgqeq[h {kerk vkSj fo'oluh;rk
lkfcr d`j nh gS\ mUgkÍus d`gk fd`
vks'kulSV-2 leqnz foKku ds` ckjs eÍ gekjh
le> d`h ,d` ubZ 'kqÔvkr d`jsxk\
pUnzek d`h lrg ij ikuh d`h
[kst # pUnz;ku-1 d`h
cÈMh mi¥fC| `
2 2 vDVw c j 2008 d`ks iz { ks f ir
pUnz;ku-1 ls ‘bljks’ (ISRO) d`k lEidZ`
;»fi ¥f{kr le; lhek ls ,d` o"Z iwoZ
gh lekIr gks x;k gS rƒk ‘bljks’ us
vkSipkfjd` Ôi ls bl fe'ku ds` lekiu
d`h ?ks".k 29 vxLr] 2009 d`ks d`j nh
ƒh] rƒkfi bl fe'ku d`h mi¥fC|;k∑
vR;Ur egRoiw.Z jgh gß\ ‘bljks’ ds` izeq[
th\ ek|ou uk;j us bl fe'ku d`ks 90-95
izfr'kr lœ`¥ ig¥s d`jkj fn;k ƒk fd`Urq
blls fe¥h rktk tkud`kfj;kÍ ds` ckn vc
bl fe'ku d`ks 110 izfr'kr lœ`¥ mUgkÍus
d`gk gS\ pUnz;ku-1 ds` lkƒ Hsts x, 11
oSKkfud` mid`j.kÍ eÍ ls ,d` ewu feujks-
¥kWth eSij (M3) us pUnzek d`h lrg ij
t¥ d`h ekStwnxh d`h iqfÆV d`h gS\ ‘uklk’
ds` mid`j. M3 ls izkIr vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds`
fo'¥s". ds` i'pkrΩ foKku if(d`k ‘lkbal’
dss` flrEcj 2009 ds` ,d vad` eÍ izd`kf'kr
lh\ ihVlZ ·M 3 ds` vkad`ÈMkÍ d`k fo'¥s".
d`jus ok¥s izeq[ oSKkfud`‚ ds` ,d` 'kks|
i( eÍ pUnzek d`h lrg ij ikuh d`h
ekStwnxh d`h iqfÆV d`h xbZ gS\ ‘bljks’ izeq[
uk;j ds` vuqlkj pUnz;ku-1 ds` lkƒ Hsts
x, ,d` vU; mid`j. ewu bEiSDV izksc
(MIP), ftls pUnzek d`h lrg ij mrkjk
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/648
x;k ƒk] ls izkIr vk∑d`ÈMkÍ }kjk Hh pUnzek fot; fn¥kus ok¥s d`fj'ekbZ eq“;ea(h
d`h lrg ij ikuh d`h ekStwnxh ds` lk{; jkt'ks[j jsMΩMh 2 flrEcj d`ks izkr# lkÈ<s
izkIr gq, ƒs\ bl izd`kj pUnzek d`h lrg vkB cts gSnjkckn
ij ikuh d`h [kst d`k Js; Jh uk;j us ds` csxeisV gokbZ
pUnz;ku-1 fe'ku d`ks fn;k gS\ Jh uk;j us vMΩMs ls gs¥hd`kWIVj
d`gk gS fd` pUnzek ij ikuh d`h ekStwnxh }kjk fp®wj ds` f¥,
d`k irk ¥xkd`j ns'k ds` ig¥s pUnz;ku us jokuk gq, ƒs rƒk
,d` ‘egRoiw.Z’ vkSj ‘okLrfod`’ [kst d`h 10·40 ij mUgÍ
gS\ mUgkÍus crk;k gS fd` pUnzek d`h lrg fp®wj igq∑puk ƒk]
ij [kstk x;k ikuh leqnz] >h¥ ;k cw∑nkÍ okbZ ,l vkj jsMΩMh fd`Urq mÈMku ds` ,d`
ds` Ôi eÍ ugÓ gS rƒk bls ;w∑ gh ,d`( ?≥Vs ckn gh gs¥hd`kWIVj d`k jsfM;ks lEidZ`
ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk\ ogk∑ [kstk x;k VwV x;k\ cS¥ –430 (Bell-430) Js.h d`k
ikuh pVΩVkukÍ] feVΩVh o [futkÍ eÍ gS mud`k ;g gs¥hd`kWIVj dq`Uuwj ds` fud`V
rƒk mUur izkS»ksfxd`h d`k bLrsek¥ d`j uY¥kek¥k ioZr Δka~a[¥k d`h ,d` igkÈMh ls
,d` Vu feVΩVh ls vk|k ¥hVj rd` ikuh tk Vd`jk;k ƒk ftlls ml ij lokj
izkIr gks ld`rk gS\ pUnzek d`h lrg ls eq“;ea(h jkt'ks[j jsMΩMh d`k fu|u
ikuh d`h [qnkbZ ds` f¥, 2013 eÍ Hsts gks x;k\ eq“;ea(h ds` iz|ku lfpo
tkus ok¥s pUnz;ku-2 ds` lkƒ nks jksoj ih\ lqcze≥;e o eq“; lqj{kk vf|d`kjh
Hstus d`h ‘bljks’ d`h ;kstuk gS\ bueÍ ,\ ,l\ lh\ osL¥h bl gs¥hd`kWIVj ij
,d` Ôlh jksoj ds` lkƒ gh jksoj d`k ,d` lokj ƒs rƒk blds` ik;¥V xzqi dS`IVsu
Lons'k fufeZr NksVk laLd`j. Hh gksxk\ ,l\ ds`\ HkfV;k o lg ik;¥V ,e\ ,l\
pUnz ; ku 2 d`k iz{ksi. 2012-13 eÍ jsMΩMh ƒs\ ;s lHh pkj Hh bl nq[n
lEHkfor gS\ nq?ZVuk eÍ ekjs x,\ gs¥hd`kWIVj d`k e¥ok
lk{kj Hkjr fe'ku
ns'k eÍ lk{kjrk d`h fLƒfr eÍ izHkoh lq|kj ds` f¥, iwoZ ?ksf"r ‘lk{kj Hkjr fe'ku’ d`k
'kqHkjEH iz|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg us 8 flrEcj 2009 d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h; lk{kjrk fnol ds`
volj ij fd`;k\ dss`Unz o jkT; ljd`kjkÍ d`h Hkxhnkjh ok¥s bl fe'ku d`k tehuh rkSj ij
fdz`;kUo;u iapk;rh jkt laLƒkvkÍ ds` ek÷;e ls gksxk\ 50 izfr'kr ls d`e efg¥k lk{kjrk ok¥s
365 ft¥kÍ eÍ ;g ¥kxw gksxk rƒk bu ¥f{kr 365 ft¥kÍ eÍ 1·70 ¥k[ xk∑o iapk;rkÍ ds` ek÷;e
ls bls d`k;kZfUor fd`;k tk;sxk\ xzkeh. Hkjr eÍ eq“;r# fuj{kj efg¥kvkÍ d`ks lk{kj cukus ij
œ`ksd`l bl fe'ku ds` rgrΩ fd`;k tk;sxk\
dq`¥ lkr d`jksÈM fuj{kjkÍ d`ks lk{kj
cukus ds` ¥{; ok¥s bl fe'ku eÍ 6
d`jks È M efg¥kvkÍ d`ks ¥f{kr fd`;k
tk;sxk\ blls lk{kjrk nj d`ks 64
izfr'kr ·2001 d`h fLƒfr‚ ls cÈ<kd`j
80 izfr'kr rƒk ‘tßMj xSi’ d`ks 21
izfr'kr ls ?Vkd`j 10 izfr'kr fd`;k tk
lds`xk\ fe'ku d`h dq`¥ vuqekfur ¥kxr
6502 d`jksÈM :i, vkd`f¥r d`h xbZ gS ubZ fnY¥h eÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; lk{kjrk fnol ij efg¥k
ftleÍ ds`Unz d`h fgLlsnkjh 4993 d`jksÈM lk{kjrk ds` f¥, lk{kj Hkjr fe'ku ds` 'kqHkjaH ds`
:i, gksxh\ dq`¥ ¥kxr d`k 75 izfr'kr volj ij iz|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg] ds`Unzh; ekuo
ds`Unz }kjk o 'ks" 25 izfr'kr jkT;kÍ }kjk lalk|u ea(h d`fi¥ flCc¥] ¥ksd`lHk Lihd`j ehjk
ogu fd`;k tk,xk\ iwoksZ®j jkT;kÍ ds` eke¥s dq`ekj o ekuo lalk|u jkT; ea(h Mh iqjUns'ojh
eÍ ds`Unz o jkT;kÍ d`h bl ¥kxr eÍ fgLlsnkjh dz`e'k# 90 o 10 izfr'kr fu|kZfjr d`h xbZ gS\
o bu ik∑pkÍ ds` 'ko 3 flrEcj d`ks [ksts
vkU|z izns'k ds` eq“;ea(h tk lds`\ eq“;ea(h jkt'ks[j jsMΩMh ds
okbZ ,l vkj jsMΩMh d`k fu|u ij nks fnu d`k jktd`h; 'kksd` ds`Unz
gs¥hd`kWIVj nq?ZVuk eÍ fu|u ljd`kj us Hh ?ksf"r fd`;k\ blh ds` p¥rs
ubZ fnY¥h eÍ 4 flrEcj d`ks MCY;w\ Vh\
n\ Hkjr d`h jktuhfr d`ks ,d` vks\ ds` O;kikj eaf(;kÍ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr
viwj.h; {kfr flrEcj 2009 eÍ ml le; lkaLd~`frd` d`k;Zdz`e Hh jnΩn d`j fn;k
gqbZ tc vkU|z izns'k ds` eq“;ea(h okbZ\ x;k ƒk\ Jh jsMΩMh ds` vlkef;d` fu|u
,l\ jkt'ks[j jsMΩMh d`k ,d` gs¥hd`kWIVj ij iz|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg] foi{k ds`
nq?ZVuk eÍ fu|u gks x;k\ ¥xkrkj nks usrk ¥k¥d~`Æ. vkMok.h o ;w\ih\,\ v÷;{k
fo|kulHk pqukokÍ eÍ d`kaxzsl d`ks ækunkj lksfu;k xka|h `lfgr fofHUu jktuhfrd`
n¥kÍ ds` usrkvkÍ us xgjk 'kksd` O;Dr fd`;k
gS\
okbZ\ ,l\ jkt'ks[j jsMΩMh ds` fu|u
ds` i'pkrΩ jkT; eÍ u, eq“;ea(h ds` pquko
ds` f¥, ljxfeZ;k∑ rst gks xbZ gS\ u, usrk
ds` fof|orΩ pquko rd` ofjÆB d`kaxzslh usrk
o jsMΩMh eaf(e≥M¥ ds` uEcj nks d`h
gSfl;r j[us ok¥s 77 o"hZ; ds`\ jkslS;k
(K. Rosaiah) d`ks eq“;ea(h ds` Ôi eÍ
'kiƒ 3 flrEcj d`ks fn¥kbZ xbZ gS\
laoS|kfud` vko';d`rk ds` p¥rs okbZ\ ,l\
vkj\ eaf(ifj"nΩ ds` lHh eaf(;kÍ us in
vkSj xksiuh;rk d`h 'kiƒ 6 flrEcj]
2009 d`ks iqu# xzg. d`h gS\ okbZ\ ,l\
vkj\ jsMΩMh d`h Le~fr eÍ muds` x~g tuin
d`MIik (Kadappa) d`k uked`j. muds`
uke ij d`jus d`h ?ks".k u, eq“;ea(h
jkslS;k us d`h gS\
lkekU; ls 20-21 izfr'kr d`e
jgh bl o"Z ekulwuh o"kZ
ekulwu d`h fLƒfr d`h n~fÆV ls pk¥w
fo®h; o"Z 2009-10 d`h x.uk vfr [jkc
o"ksÛ eÍ d`h tk,xh\ nf{k. if'pe ekulwu
·twu-flrEcj‚ tks ns'k eÍ ekulwuh o"kZ ds`
f¥, m®jnk;h gS d`h iw.Z okilh vc gks
pqd`h gS\ Hkjrh; ekSle foHkx (IMD) us
vizS¥ 2009 eÍ vius iwokZuqekukÍ ds` rgrΩ
bl ekulwu eÍ o"kZ ‘nh?Zd`kf¥d` vkSlr’
(Long Period Average-LPA) d`k 96
izfr'kr jgus d`h HfoÆ;ok.h d`h ƒh\
vkbZ,eMh us vius bl iwokZuqeku d`ks
?Vkd`j tq¥kbZ 2009 eÍ 93 izfr'kr o
vxLr 2009 eÍ 87 izfr'kr d`j fn;k ƒk\
flrEcj 2009 ds` e÷; rd` mi¥C|
vk∑ d `È M kÍ ds ` vuq l kj bl o"Z o"kZ
nh?Zd`kf¥d` vkSlr d`k 79 izfr'kr gh ƒh\
·flrEcj d`h 'ks" vof| eÍ bl fLƒfr eÍ
,d`k| izfr'kr d`k ifjorZu laHkfor ƒk‚
bl izd`kj lUnfHZr o"Z eÍ dq`¥ o"kZ
lkekU; ls 20-21 izfr'kr d`e jgh gS\
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/650
flrEcj 2009 ds` e÷; rd` d`h
fLƒfr ds` vuqlkj ns'k ds` dq`¥ 533 ekSle
mi[≥MkÍ (Meteorological Sub-
Divisions) eÍ ls 38 mi[≥MkÍ eÍ ·¥xHx
7 izfrær‚ o"kZ vfr U;wu (Scanty) jgh
tgk∑ 60 izfr'kr ls vf|d` d`h d`eh
(Deficiency) ntZ d`h xbZ] tcfd` 260
mi[≥M ·¥xHx 50 izfrær‚ eÍ o"kZ
‘U;wu’ (Deficient) jgh tgk∑ 20 ls 59
izfr'kr rd` d`h d`eh ntZ d`h xbZ gS\
ns'k ds` dq`¥ 35 jkT;kÍ o ds`Unz'kkflr
{ks(kÍ eÍ ls ds`o¥ 14 eÍ o"kZ bl o"Z
‘lkekU;’ ;k ‘lkekU; ls vf|d`’ jgh gS\
bueÍ rfe¥ukMq] d`ukZVd`] ds`j¥] xksok]
egkjkÆV_] xqtjkr] i\ caxk¥] mÈMhlk]
vle] f(iqjk] nknjk ,oa uxj gos¥h]
neu vkSj nho] ¥{k}hi rƒk vaMeku
fud`ksckj }hi lewg 'kkfe¥ gß\
ukS u, ,uvkbZVh Lƒkfir
d`jus d`h ;kstuk
X;kjgoÓ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk eÍ ns'k eÍ
ukS u, jkÆV_ h ; iz k S » ks f xd`h la L ƒkukÍ
(National Institutes of Technology-
NITs) d`h Lƒkiuk d`h ds`Unz ljd`kj d`h
;ks t uk gS \ bl iz L rko d`ks ds ` Unz h ;
eaf(e≥M¥ us 18 flrEcj] 2009 d`h cSBd`
eÍ eatwjh iznku d`h gS\ blls ns'k eÍ
NITs d`h dq`¥ la“;k 29 gks tk,xh\ u,
,uvkbZVh mu jkT;kÍ eÍ Lƒkfir fd`,
tka,xs tgk∑ orZeku eÍ `d`ksbZ ,uvkbZVh fn'kk eÍ ,d` vkSj d`ne cÈ<krs gq, ds`Unz
ugÓ gS\ bueÍ ef.iqj] es?k¥;] fetksje]
uxk¥S≥M] xksok] iqnqpsjh] flfDd`e] fnY¥h
o m®jk[≥M 'kkfe¥ gß\ xksok eÍ Lƒkfir
fd`;k tkus ok¥k ,u vkbZ Vh neu vkSj
nho] nknjk vkSj uxj gos¥h o ¥{k}hi
d`h tÔjrkÍ d`ks Hh iwjk d`jsxk] tcfd`
iqnqpsjh ,u vkbZ Vh vaMeku-fud`ksckj }hi
lewg d`ks rƒk fnY¥h ,uvkbZVh paMhxÈ<
d`ks lkƒ eÍ d`oj d`jsxk\ fnY¥h o
m®jk[≥M eÍ bu laLƒkukÍ d`h vuqekfur
¥kxr 300-300 d`jksÈM :i, o vU; jkT;kÍ
eÍ ;g 250-250 d`jksÈM :i, vkd`f¥r d`h
xbZ gS\ bu lHh laLƒkukÍ eÍ d`{kk,a vkxkeh
'kS{kf.d` l( 2010-11 eÍ gh 'kqÔ d`jus
d`k ljd`kj d`k bjknk gS\ buds` Hou rS;kj
u gks ikus d`h fLƒfr eÍ ;g d`{kk,∑ buds`
eÍVj laLƒkukÍ eÍ 'kqÔ d`j nh tk,axh\
mY¥s[uh; gS fd` tks 20 jkÆV_h;
izkS»ksfxd`h laLƒku (NIT) orZeku eÍ ns'k eÍ
d`k;ZjrΩ gß bueÍ ls 17 ig¥s {ks(h;
bathfu;¯jx d`kW¥st (REC) d`g¥krs ƒs
rƒk 2003 eÍ bUgÍ ds`Unz ljd`kj ds`
laLƒkukÍ ds` Ôi eÍ ekU;rk nsd`j MhEM
;wuhoflZVh d`k ntkZ iznku d`jrs gq,
jkÆV_h; izkS»ksfxd`h laLƒku (NIT) uke
fn;k x;k ƒk\
lhch,lbZ d`h nloÓ d`{kk d`h
ijh{kk oSd`fYid` gqbZ
ek÷;fed` f'k{kk iz.k¥h eÍ lq|kj d`h
ljd`kj us ds`Unzh; ek÷;fed` f'k{kk ifj"nΩ (CBSE) ls lEc*
fo»k¥;kÍ eÍ nloÓ d`{kk d`h ijh{kk d`ks 2010-11 ls oSd`fYid` d`j
fn;k gS\ baVju¥ ,lsleÍV ds` vk|kj ij gh fo»kfƒZ;kÍ d`ks xzsM
iznku fd`, tk,axs\ 2009-10 l( eÍ nloÓ d`{kk eÍ iÈ< jgs
fo»kfƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, ijh{kk nsuk vfuok;Z gksxk] fd`Urq xzs¯Mx iz.k¥h
bl l( ls gh 'kqÔ gks tk,xh\ ubZ izLrkfor da`VhU;wvl ,≥M
d`kWfEizgÍflo boSY;w'ku (CCE) ij vk|kfjr xzs¯Mx O;oLƒk d`{kk
9 ls gh 'kqÔ gksxh rƒk blds` rgrΩ ,-1 ls bZ-2 rd` dq`¥ 9 xzsM
fo»kfƒZ;kÍ d`ks fn, tk,axs\
ek÷;fed` fo»k¥;kÍ eÍ tgk∑ d`{kk XI o XII fo»eku gß]
nloÓ d`h ijh{kk nsus d`h vko';d`rk ugÓ gksxh rƒk nloÓ ds`
lHh Nk( ijh{kk ds` fcuk X;kjgoÓ d`{kk eÍ izos'k ik ldÍ`xs\ nloÓ
ds` i'pkrΩ fd`lh nwljs Ldw`¥/jkT; eÍ izos'k ¥sus ds` bPNqd`
fo»kfƒZ;kÍ d`ks ;g ijh{kk nsuk vfuok;Z gksxk\ ,sls fo»kfƒZ;kÍ ds`
f¥, ‘ek∑x ij’ (On Demand) gh ijh{kk lh\ch\,l\bZ\ }kjk
vk;ksftr d`h tk,xh\
tEew d`'ehj eÍ vkbZvkbZ,e d`h Lƒkiuk d`h
;kstuk jnΩn # nks ds`Unzh; fo'ofo»k¥;kÍ d`h
Lƒkiuk gksxh jkT; eÍ
vkxkeh nks o"ksÛ eÍ ftu lkr jkT;kÍ eÍ Hkjrh; izcU|u
laLƒkukÍ (IIMs) d`h Lƒkiuk ds` izLrko d`ks ds`Unzh; eaf(e≥M¥ d`h
27 vxLr] 2009 d`h cSBd` eÍ vuqeksfnr fd`;k x;k ƒk] mueÍ ls
,d` jkT; tEew d`'ehj Hh ƒk\ jkT; ljd`kj ds` vuqjks| ij ogk∑
vc vkbZvkbZ,e d`h ctk; ds`Unzh; fo'ofo»k¥; d`h Lƒkiuk d`h
tk,xh\ ;g ?ks".k ds`Unzh; ekuo lalk|u fod`kl ea(h d`fi¥
flCc¥ us xr 25 flrEcj d`ks d`h gS\ tEew d`'ehj eÍ ,d` ds`Unzh;
fo'ofo»k¥; d`h Lƒkiuk d`k izLrko lsUV_¥ ;wuhoflZVht ,DV
2009 eÍ ig¥s gh fo»eku gS\ vkbZvkbZ,e ds` Lƒku ij ogk∑ vc
,d` vkSj ds`Unzh; fo'ofo»k¥; gh Lƒkfir fd`;k tk,xk\ blls
ogk∑ Lƒkfir fd`, tkus ok¥s u, ds`Unzh; fo'ofo»k¥;kÍ d`h la“;k
2 gks tk,xh\ blds` f¥, lÍV_¥ ;wfuoflZVht ,DV] 2009 eÍ la'kks-
|u ljd`kj }kjk fd`;k tk,xk\ izLrkfor nks u, ds`Unzh; fo'o-
fo»k¥;kÍ eÍ ls ,d` tEew eÍ o nwljk Jhuxj eÍ Lƒkfir fd`;k
tk,xk\
KkrO; gS fd` tEew d`'ehj eÍ ,d` ds`Unzh; fo'ofo»k¥; o
,d` vkbZvkbZ,e d`h Lƒkiuk d`h ?ks".k iz|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu
¯lg us 2007 eÍ d`h ƒh\

Dok(ksfPp ds` fo:`* eke¥s d`h okilh ls

can gksxk cksœ`kslZ n¥k¥h eke¥k
ds`Unz ljd`kj us nks næd` iqjkus cksœ`kslZ n¥k¥h ds` ,d`ek(
æs" vkjksih vksrkfo;ks Dok(ksfPp (Ottavio Quattrocchi) ds` fo:*
eke¥k okil ¥sd`j bl eke¥s d`ks iwjh
rjg can d`jus d`k œS`l¥k fd`;k gS\ 29
flrEcj] 2009 d`ks ljd`kj us mPpre
U;k;k¥; ls d`gk fd` bV¥h ds` O;kikjh
vksrkfo;ks Dok(ksfPp ds` f[¥kœ` ds`l d`ks
okil ¥sus d`k fu.Z; fd`;k x;k gS\ lkWf¥-
flVj tuj¥ xksik¥ lqcz©≥;e us eq“;
vksrkfo;ks Dok(ksfPp U;k;k|hæ ds`\ th\ ck¥Î`Æ.u d`h `v÷;{krk
ok¥h ihB ls d`gk fd` gksfoRtj lkSns eÍ 64 d`jksÈM :i, d`h
n¥k¥h ds` Hqxrku eke¥s ds` vkjksih Dok(ksfPp d`ks `izR;fiZr d`jus
æs" i~ÆB 661 ij
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/651

jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ d`h Ôl o
rkftfd`Lrku ;k(k
ukehfc;k ds` jkÆV_ifr iksgkEck d`h
Hkjr ;k(k
eaxksf¥;k Hh Hkjr d`ks ;wjsfu;e
vkiwfrZ d`ks lger # eaxksf¥;kbZ
jkÆV_ifr ,YcsxnkstZ d`h Hkjr
;k(k ds` nkSjku le>kSrk
fœ`th d`k jkÆV_e≥M¥ ls iqu#
fu¥Ecu
tkiku eÍ lalnh; pqukokÍ eÍ
Mseks∂s`fVd` ikVhZ d`ks Hkjh cgqer #
;wfd`;ks grks;kek u, ^|kuea(h cus
baVjusV ds` tUe ds` 40 o"Z iw.Z #
mi;ksx d`jus ok¥kÍ d`h la“;k vc
MsÈ< vjc ls vf|d`
teZuh eÍ lalnh; pquko # ,ats¥k
edsZ`¥ ds` iqu# pkal¥j cuus d`ks
ekxZ ^'kLr
lokZf|d` d`ek˜ f∂`ds`VjkÍ d`h
œ`ksClZ lwph eÍ |ksuh d`k æh"Z
Lƒku
lqj{kk ifj"nΩ ds` loZlEer ^Lrko
eÍ ,uihVh o lhVhchVh ij gLrk{kj
d`k vkÿku
laf”Ird`h
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/652
jkÆV_ifr izfrHk ikfV¥ d`h Ôl
o rkftfd`Lrku ;k(k
vius nsæ ds` mPpLrjh; fæÆVe≥M¥
ds` lkƒ Hkjr d`h jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ us
2-9 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks Ôl o rkftfd`Lrku
d`h ;k(k d`h\ isV_ksf¥;e ea(h eqj¥h nsoÈMk]
d`iÈMk jkT; ea(h ih\ ¥{eh ,oa fonsæ lfpo
fu:iek jko lkr fnu d`h mud`h bl ;k(k
ij lkƒ x, fæÆVe≥M¥ eÍ ækfe¥ ƒs\
jkÆV_ifr ds` Ôi eÍ Jherh ^frHk ikfV¥
d`h Ôl d`h tgk∑ ;g ig¥h gh ;k(k ƒh\
ogÓ rkftfd`Lrku d`h fd`lh Hh Hkjrh;
jkÆV_ifr d`h ;g ig¥h gh ;k(k ƒh]
2 flrEcj d`ks ubZ fnY¥h ds` gokbZ vMΩMs ij
Jherh ^frHk ikfV¥ d`ks fonkbZ nsus ok¥kÍ
eÍ mijkÆV_ifr gkfen valkjh o ^|kuea(h
MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg ds` vfrfjDr ofjÆB
dS`fcusV ea(h ækfe¥ ƒs\ Ôl d`h mud`h
;k(k ds` mˆs';kÍ eÍ f}i”h; lEcU|kÍ eÍ
^xkÈ<rk ¥kus ds` lkƒ-lkƒ Ôl eÍ Hkjr
ds` o"Z (Year of India in Russia) d`k
æqHkjEH d`juk Hh ækfe¥ ƒk\ blls iwoZ
2008 eÍ Hkjr eÍ Ôl d`k o"Z (Year of
Russia in India) euk;k x;k ƒk\ bld`k
vkSipkfjd` lekiu Ôlh jkÆV_ifr nfef(
esnosnso us fnlEcj 2008 eÍ fd`;k ƒk\
dzs`ef¥u eÍ Ôlh jkÆV_ifr esnosnso ds` lkƒ
Hkjrh; jkÆV_ifr izfrHk ikfV¥
ekW L d`ks eÍ Hkjrh; jkÆV_ i fr d`k
vkSipkfjd` Lokxr d`jrs gq, Ôlh jkÆV_ifr
nfef( esnosnso us ∂s`ef¥u eÍ d`gk fd`
Hkjr o Ôl d`k foæs" j.uhfrd` fj'rk
ifjfLƒfr;kÍ ij vk|kfjr ugÓ gS rƒk ;g
^xkÈ< fj'rk jktuhfr ds` cn¥rs l(kÍ eÍ
cn¥us ok¥k ugÓ gS\ mUgkÍus crk;k fd`
oSf'od` eanh ds` ckotwn Hkjr o Ôl ds`
O;kikj eÍ o~f* ntZ d`h xbZ gS\ ˜tkZ] mPp
^kS»ksfxd`h] Kku vk|kfjr m»ksx o |krq
ifjæks|u foæs"r# dq`Mkudq`¥e ifj;kstuk
vkfn eÍ nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` chp ikjLifjd`
lg;ksx rƒk lk[f¥u–I ifj;kstuk eÍ
vks,uthlh d`h lgHkfxrk vkfn d`k
mY¥s[ d`jrs gq, Ôlh jkÆV_ifr us d`gk
fd` Hkjrh; jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ d`h
Ôl ;k(k ls nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` fj'rs eÍ u;k
v÷;k; tqÈMsxk\ fofHUu f}i”h eqnΩnkÍ ij
lg;ksx lEo*Zu ij foLr~r ppkZ ckn eÍ
nksukÍ jkÆV_ifr;kÍ d`h vkilh okrkZ eÍ d`h
xbZ\ ækfUriw.Z mˆs';kÍ ds` f¥, ijek.q ˜tkZ
ds` bLrsek¥ ds` lkƒ-lkƒ lSU; ^kS»ksfxd`h
lg;ksx ds` ekStwnk Lrj d`ks vkxs cÈ<kus ij
lgefr bl okrkZ eÍ nksukÍ i”kÍ us O;Dr
d`h\ nksukÍ i”kÍ us Lohd`kj fd`;k fd` lEcU|kÍ
d`ks vkSj cÈ<kus ds` i;kZIr volj fo»eku
gß\ vx¥s o"Z rd` f}i”h; O;kikj ds` 10
vjc MkW¥j ds` ¥{; d`ks ^kIr d`jus ds`
f¥, nksukÍ i”kÍ }kjk fd`, tk jgs ^;klkÍ
ij Hkjrh; jkÆV_ifr us larks" O;Dr fd`;k\
20 ^frær o~f* ds` lkƒ ;g O;kikj 2009
eÍ 8·4 vjc MkW¥j gks tkus d`h lEHkouk
gS\ ekWLd`ks eÍ O;Lr d`k;Z∂`ekÍ ds` i'pkrΩ
jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ ds` dq`N d`k;Z∂`e
lÍVihVlZcxZ eÍ Hh fu|kZfjr ƒs\
nqækacs eÍ rkftfd`Lrku ds` jkÆV_ifr beke v¥h
jk“eksukso ds` lkƒ jkÆV_ifr izfrHk ikfV¥
,d` lIrkg d`h viuh bl ;k(k ds`
nwljs pj. eÍ Jherh ikfV¥ 6 flrEcj d`ks
rkftfd`Lrku d`h jkt|kuh nqækEcs (Dush-
ambe) igq∑pÓ\ rkftfd`Lrku d`h ;k(k d`jus
ok¥h og Hkjr d`h ig¥h jkÆV_ifr gß\
HkSxksf¥d` n~fÆV ls phu] vœ`xkfuLrku]
mTcsfd`Lrku] fd`fxZLrku ds` lkƒ lhekvkÍ
ok¥k rkftfd`Lrku o ikd` vf|d~`r d`'ehj
ds` chp vœ`xkfuLrku d`k dq`N Hw-Hkx gS\
lkefjd` n~fÆV ls egRoiw.Z HkSxksf¥d` fLƒfr
ok¥k rkftfd`Lrku us eqfL¥e cgq¥ gksus ds`
ckotwn Lo;a d`ks |eZfujis” jkÆV_ ?ksf"r
fd`;k gqvk gS rƒk vUrjkZÆV_h; vkrad`okn]
d`VΩVjokn o eknd` inkƒksÛ d`h vUrjkZÆV_h;
rLd`jh ds` fo:* og vkokt mBkrk jgk
gS\ nqækEcs eÍ vkSipkfjd` Lokxr ds` i'pkrΩ
estcku jkÆV_ifr beke v¥h jk“eksukso ds`
lkƒ f}i”h; lEcU|kÍ ij mud`h okrkZ gqbZ\
Hkjr o rkftfd`Lrku ds` chp vkfƒZd` o
lkefjd` lg;ksx ds` vfrfjDr foKku]
lwpuk o lapkj ds` ”s(kÍ eÍ d`kjxj lg;ksx
cÈ<kus ij Bksl lgefr bl okrkZ eÍ gqbZ\
KkrO; gS fd` nqækEcs ds` fud`V ,suh ,;jcsl d`k fuekZ. Hkjr ds`
lg;ksx ls fd`;k x;k gS rƒk ogk∑ lÈMd`kÍ ds` fuekZ. eÍ rd`uhd`h
lgk;rk Hh Hkjr us mi¥C| d`jkbZ gS\ rktk ckrphr eÍ rkftd`
jkÆV_ifr us Hkjr d`ks vius nsæ eÍ ;wjsfu;e mR[uu] ˜tkZ]
d`ikl] nok] VsDlVkbYl ds` vfrfjDr lwpuk ,oa lapkj ds` ”s(kÍ
eÍ <k∑pkxr lqfo|k,a fod`flr d`jus d`ks vkeaf(r fd`;k gS\ f}i”h;
okrkZ ds` i'pkrΩ nksukÍ jkÆV_ifr;kÍ d`h mifLƒfr eÍ nks vkfƒZd`
le>kSrkÍ ij gLrk”j Hh 8 flrEcj d`ks fd`, x,] f}i”h; O;kikj
lEo*Zu le>kS r s ds` vfrfjDr nksgjs d`jkjksi. ls cpko d`k
le>kSrk bueÍ ækfe¥ ƒk\ ckn eÍ Lonsæ jokuk gksus ls iwoZ 8
flrEcj d`ks rkftfd`Lrku ds` 19 oÍ LorU(rk fnol ij eq“;
vfrfƒ ds` Ôi eÍ mifLƒfr Jherh ^frHk ikfV¥ us ntZ d`h\
rkftfd`Lrku ds` LorU(rk fnol ij ;g lEeku ikus ok¥h og
ig¥h o ,d`ek( fonsæh gß\ bl d`k;Z∂`e eÍ Hkxhnkjh ds` i'pkrΩ
Jherh ikfV¥ d`h Lonsæ okilh 8 flrEcj d`ks gh gqbZ\

ukehfc;k ds` jkÆV_ifr iksgkEck d`h Hkjr ;k(k

vius nsæ ds` mPpLrjh; fæÆVe≥M¥ ds` lkƒ ukehfc;k ds`
jkÆV_ifr fgfœ`ds`iqU;s iksgkEck (Hifikepunye Pohamba) us
vxLr-flrEcj 2009 eÍ Hkjr d`h ;k(k d`h\ 5 fnu d`h bl ;k(k
ij muds` lkƒ vk, 43 lnL;h; fæÆVe≥M¥ eÍ mud`h iRuh Hh
ækfe¥ ƒÓ\ ukehfc;k ds` ˜tkZ] j”k] [uu o lapkj ea(h o muds`
foHkxh; vf|d`kjh muds` bl fæÆVe≥M¥ eÍ ækfe¥ ƒs\ 31
vxLr d`ks jkÆV_ifr Hou eÍ vkSipkfjd` Lokxr ds` i'pkrΩ esgeku
jkÆV_ifr iksgkEck d`h Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg o vU;
^eq[ usrkvkÍ ds` lkƒ f}i”h; o vUrjkZÆV_h; egRo ds` eqnΩnkÍ ij
ckrphr gqbZ\ ftlds` i'pkrΩ ftu f}i”h; le>kSrkÍ/lgefr i(kÍ
ij gLrk”j fd`, x,] mueÍ Hkjr d`ks ;wjsfu;e vkiwfrZ d`k
le>kSrk ækfe¥ gS\ lapkj] [uu] ˜tkZ o j”k ”s(kÍ eÍ lg;ksx
lEo*Zu ds` lkƒ-lkƒ jktuf;d` o vkf|d`kfjd` ikliksVZ |kjd`kÍ
ds` f¥, ohÈtk d`h vfuok;Zrk lekIr d`jus ds` f¥, Hh lgefr i(
ij gLrk”j fd`, x,\ la;qDr jkÆV_ lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` foLrkj d`h
Hkjr d`h ek∑x d`k iqjtksj leƒZu Hh ukehfc;k us f}i”h; okrkZ
eÍ fd`;k\

jkÆV_ifr Hou eÍ ukehfc;k ds` jkÆV_ifr fgfœ`ds`iqU;s iksgkEck vkSj mud`h

iRuh d`k Lokxr d`jrÓ jkÆV_ifr izfrHk ikfV¥\ lkƒ eÍ gß iz|kuea(h
MkW\ eueksgu flag
ubZ fnY¥h ^okl ds` nkSjku jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥] ^|kuea(h
MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg ds` vfrfjDr mijkÆV_ifr eksgEen gkfen
valkjh] foi” ds` usrk ¥k¥d~`Æ. vkMok.h o ;wih, v÷;” lksfu;k
xka|h ls Hh eq¥kd`kr d`h\ ckn eÍ mlh fnu Hkjrh; m»fe;kÍ d`h
,d` cSBd` d`ks lEcksf|r d`jrs gq, ukehfc;kbZ jkÆV_ifr iksgkEck us
mUgÍ ukehfc;k eÍ fuosæ ds` f¥, ^ksRlkfgr d`jrs gq, crk;k fd`
HwxHZ ,oa [fut lalk|ukÍ d`ks ¥sd`j ftl lgefr i( ij
gLrk”j nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` chp fd`, x, gß] mlds` p¥rs Hkjrh;
m»fe;kÍ d`ks ukehfc;k ds` [fut ”s(kÍ eÍ la;qDr m»e Lƒkfir
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/653
d`jus d`k ekSd`k fe¥sxk\ ‘fœ`Dd`h’] ‘,slkspSe’
o lhvkbZvkbZ }kjk la;qDr Ôi ls vk;ks-
ftr bl cSBd` eÍ ukehfc;kbZ jkÆV_ifr us
crk;k fd` ukehfc;k eÍ [uu] lapkj] ˜tkZ
o i;ZVu ”s(kÍ eÍ fuosæ d`h O;kid` lEHk-
ouk,a fo»eku gß\ ubZ fnY¥h eÍ ,d` fnu ds`
^okl ds` i'pkrΩ ukehfc;kbZ jkÆV_ifr Lonsæ
okilh ls iwoZ vkxjk o cax¥q: Hh x,\
mY¥s[uh; gS fd` 45 lnL;h;
ukfHd`h; vkiwfrZd`rkZ lewg (NSG) }kjk
Hkjr ij ls ^frcU| gVk, tkus ds` ckn
Hkjr us mu nsækÍ ls ?fuÆBrk cÈ<kbZ gS
ftuds` ikl ijek.q la;U(kÍ d`ks p¥kus ds`
f¥, bÛ|u mi¥C| gS\ blh fnæk eÍ
d`tk[Lrku ds` jkÆV_ifr uwj lqYrku
utjck;so d`ks Hh bl o"Z x.U(r fnol
ij eq“; vfrfƒ ds` Ôi eÍ vkeaf(r
fd`;k ƒk rƒk d`tk[Lrku ls ;wjsfu;e
^kIr d`jus ds` f¥, le>kSrs ij gLrk”j
Hh ml le; fd`, x, ƒs\ blh ifj^s{;
eÍ vc ukehfc;k o eaxksf¥;k ds` lkƒ Hh
le>kSrs Hkjr us fd`, gß\ ;wjsfu;e lEink
ds` eke¥s eÍ ukehfc;k d`k fo'o eÍ NBk
Lƒku gS rƒk vkus ok¥s o"ksÛ eÍ bld`h
;g ”erk vkSj cÈ<us d`h lEHkouk gS\
eaxksf¥;k Hh Hkjr d`ks ;wjsfu;e
vkiwfrZ d`ks lger # eaxksf¥;kbZ
jkÆV_ifr ,YcsxnkstZ d`h Hkjr
;k(k ds` nkSjku le>kSrk
ækfUriw.Z mi;ksx ds` f¥, ukfHd`h;
la;U(kÍ ds` f¥, ;wjsfu;e vkiwfrZ ds` f¥,
ukehfc;k ds` ckn vc eaxksf¥;k ds` lkƒ Hh
le>kSrk Hkjr us flrEcj 2009 eÍ fd`;k
gS\ ;wjsfu;e vkiwfrZ le>kSrk mu ik∑p
le>kSrkÍ eÍ ækfe¥ ƒk ftu ij Hkjr o
eaxksf¥;k ds` chp gLrk”j eaxksf¥;kbZ jkÆV_-
ifr lkf[;kftu ,YcsxnkstZ (Tsakhiagin
Elbegdorj) d`h flrEcj 2009 d`h Hkjr
;k(k ds` nkSjku fd`, x, gß\ ;g le>kSrs
)`. lgk;rk LVsc¥kbÈtsæu] LokLF; ,oa
fpfd`Rlk foKku] lkaf“;d`h; eke¥kÍ eÍ
lg;ksx o 2009-12 ds` nkSjku lkaLd~`frd`
vknku-^nku ls lEcfU|r gß\ oSf'od`
fo®h; lad`V ds` ifj^s{; eÍ vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ
fLƒjrk cuk, j[us ds` f¥, enn ds` rkSj
ij eaxksf¥;k d`ks 25 fef¥;u MkW¥j d`k
fj;k;rh )`. mi¥C| d`jkus d`ks lgefr
Hkjr us ^nku d`h gS\ 45 lnL;h; ukfHd`h;
vkiwfrZd`rkZ lewg (NSG) }kjk ^frcU|
gVk, tkus ds` i'pkrΩ œz`kal] vejhd`k]
Ôl] d`tk[Lrku o ukehfc;k ds` ckn
eaxksf¥;k ,s l k NBk nsæ gS ftlds` lkƒ
ukfHd`h; lg;ksx le>kSrk Hkjr us fd`;k
gS\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/654
fofHUu vU; ”s(kÍ eÍ Hh f}i”h;
lg;ks x cÈ < kus d`ks lgefr nks u kÍ
^|kuefU(;kÍ d`h f}i”h; okrkZ eÍ gqbZ gS\
Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg us
eaxksf¥;k d`h vƒZO;oLƒk d`ks lqn~È< cukus
ds` f¥, 2·5 d`jksÈM MkW¥j d`h lgk;rk nsus
rƒk rd`uhd`h ^fæ”. d`k;Z∂`e ds` rgrΩ
jkÆV_ifr Hou eÍ eaxksf¥;k ds` jkÆV_ifr
lkf[;kftu ,YcsxnkstZ o mud`h iRuh Jherh
cks¥ksjek [kftnlqjsu d`h vxokuh d`jrÓ Hkjr
d`h jkÆV_ifr Jherh ^frHk nsoh flag ikfV¥ o
Hkjr ds` ^|kuea(h eueksgu flag
eaxksf¥;k ds` Nk(kÍ d`k d`ksVk 60 ls cÈ<kd`j
120 d`jus ds` lkƒ-lkƒ eaxksf¥;k eÍ
lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h d`k ,d` ds`Unz Lƒkfir
d`jus d`h Hh ?ks".k d`h\ nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` ”s(
eÍ vfLƒjrk vkSj vkrad`okn ds` [rjs ds`
eˆsutj fu;fer lSfud` v˙;kl d`jus d`k
Hh œS`l¥k fd`;k gS\ ”s(h; vkSj fo'o
eke¥kÍ ij fud`V lg;ksx d`k Hh lad`Yi
f¥;k x;k\ eaxksf¥;kbZ jkÆV_ifr ,YcsxnkstZ us
vius lEcks|u eÍ Hkjr ds` lkƒ eaxksf¥;k
ds` ¥Ecs ,sfrgkfld` ,oa vk÷;kfRed` lEcU|kÍ
d`k mY¥s[ fd`;k rƒk la;qDr jkÆV_ lqj”k
ifj"nΩ eÍ Hkjr ds` Lƒk;h lnL;rk ds`
nkos d`k Hh leƒZu fd`;k\
eaxksf¥;k ds` lkƒ mi;qZDr le>kSrs
ogk∑ ds` jkÆV_ifr ,YcsxnkstZ d`h flrEcj
2009 d`h ;k(k ds` nkSjku ubZ fnY¥h eÍ
fd`, x,\ twu 2009 ds` pqukokÍ ds` i'pkrΩ
,YcsxnkstZ d`h ;g ig¥h gh fonsæ ;k(k
ƒh\ pkj fnu Hkjr d`h bl ;k(k ds` nkSjku
ubZ fnY¥h ds` vfrfjDr cks|x;k Hh og
x,] tgk∑ egkcksf| efUnj d`k vo¥ksd`u
mUgkÍus fd`;k\
fœ`th d`k jkÆV_e≥M¥ ls iqu#
fu¥Ecu
¥ksd`ra( ds` guu ds` eke¥s eÍ iwoZ eÍ
jkÆV_e≥M¥ ls fu¥fEcr jg pqds` fœ`th d`ks
¥ksd`rU( d`h iquLƒkZiuk ds` eke¥s eÍ
fu|kZfjr le; lhek eÍ ld`kjkRed` d`ne
mBkus eÍ foœ`¥ jgus ij ,d` ckj iqu#
jkÆV_e≥M¥ ls fu¥fEcr fd`;k x;k gS\
KkrO; gS fd` fœ`th eÍ fuokZfpr ljd`kj
d`k r“rk i¥Vd`j lsuk us l®k ij d`Ctk
fnlEcj 2006 eÍ d`j f¥;k ƒk\ lsuk ds`
bl d`ne d`k fojks| d`jrs gq, jkÆV_e≥M¥
us ;g psrkouh fœ`th d`ks nh ƒh fd`
vDVwcj 2010 rd` pquko d`jkus d`h fnæk
eÍ d`ksbZ izHkoh d`k;Zokgh lSU; lefƒZr
iz|kuea(h œzß`d` cSuhejkek }kjk ;fn ugÓ d`h
xbZ] rks 1 flrEcj] 2009 ls fœ`th d`k
jkÆV_e≥M¥ ls fu¥Ecu d`j fn;k tk,xk\
bl psrkouh d`ks gh O;kogkfjd` Ôi iznku
d`jrs gq, jkÆV_e≥M¥ d`h lnL;rk ls
fœ`th d`ks 1 flrEcj] 2009 ls fu¥fEcr
fd`;k x;k gS\
tkiku eÍ lalnh; pqukokÍ eÍ
Mseks∂s`fVd` ikVhZ d`ks Hkjh
cgqer # ;wfd`;ks grks;kek
u, ^|kuea(h cus
tkiku eÍ foxr ik∑p næd` ls Hh
vf|d` vof| eÍ vkerkSj ij l®kÔÈ< jgh
f¥cj¥ Ms e ks ∂ s ` fVd`
ikVhZ (LDP) vc ogk∑
foi” d`h Hwfed`k eÍ gS
rƒk Mseks∂s`fVd` ikVhZ
vkWœ` tkiku (DPJ) ds`
usrk ;wfd`;ks grks;kek
(Yukio Hatoyama)
;wfd`;ks grks;kek # us ubZ ljd`kj d`k
tkiku ds` u,
xBu 16 flrEcj]
iz|kuea(h 2009 d`ks fd`;k gS\ 30
vxLr d`ks ogk∑ lEiUu lalnh; pqukokÍ eÍ
l®kÔÈ< f¥cj¥ Mseks∂s`fVd` ikVhZ d`ks Hkjh
ijkt; d`k lkeuk d`juk iÈMk ƒk rƒk
Mseks∂s`fVd` ikVhZ vkWœ` tkiku (DPJ) d`ks
Hkjh cgqer bl pquko eÍ ^kIr gqvk ƒk\
laln ds`` 480 lnL;h; fup¥s lnu eÍ
308 lhVkÍ ij Mhihts d`ks fot; ^kIr gqbZ]
tcfd` fiN¥s 54 o"ksÛ eÍ ds`o¥ 11 ekg d`ks
NksÈMd`j ¥xkrkj l®klhu jgh ,¥Mhih d`ks
ds`o¥ 119 lhVÍ gh bl pquko eÍ fe¥ ld`Ó\
bl pquko eÍ fjd`kWMZ 54 efg¥k,a thr d`j
lnu eÍ igq∑pus eÍ lœ`¥ jgh gß\
pquko ds` bu ifj.kekÍ ds` p¥rs
Mseks∂s`fVd` ikVhZ vkWœ` tkiku ds` usrk
;wfd`;ks grks;kek (Yukio Hatoyama) d`ks
16 flrEcj d`ks laln ds` la;qDr l( eÍ
^|kuea(h pquk x;k gS\ 62 o"hZ; grks;kek
vejhd`k eÍ fæf”r bathfu;j gß rƒk iwoZ
o"ksÛ eÍ ^|kuea(h jgs bfæjks grks;kek ds`
ikS( gß\ og lksæ¥ Mseks∂s`fVd` ikVhZ
(SDP) o ihiqYl U;w ikVhZ vkfn NksVs n¥kÍ
d`ks lkƒ eÍ ¥sd`j ubZ ljd`kj d`k xBu
mUgkÍus fd`;k gS\ og tkiku ds` 93oÍ ^|ku-
ea(h gß rFkk bl in ij vklhu gksus ok¥s
og 60oÍ O;fDr gß\
 baVjusV ds` tUe ds` 40 o"Z iw.Z # mi;ksx d`jus ok¥kÍ d`h la“;k teZuh eÍ lalnh; pquko # ,ats¥k
vc MsÈ< vjc ls vf|d` edsZ`¥ ds` iqu# pkal¥j cuus
lwpuk ^kS»ksfxd`h ”s( eÍ egk∂`kfUr ¥kd`j lEiw.Z fo'o d`ks ,d` oSf'od` xk∑o ds` Ôi eÍ fod`flr d`ks ekxZ ^'kLr
d`jus ok¥s baVjusV us vius tUe ds` 40 o"Z 2 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks iwjs fd`, gß\ 40 o"Z iw.Z 2 flrEcj]
1969 d`ks ig¥h ckj dS`¥hœ`kWfuZ;k fo'ofo»k¥; ·¥kWl] ,atsYl‚ eÍ nks v¥x-v¥x d`EI;wVjkÍ }kjk flrEcj 2009 ds` vUr eÍ teZuh eÍ
vikZusV (Arpanet) ds` ,d` ijh”. eÍ lwpukvkÍ d`k vknku-^nku lœ`¥rkiwoZd` fd`;k x;k ƒk\ ¥su lEiUu lalnh; pqukokÍ eÍ ,ats¥k edsZ`¥ d`h
D¥hujkWd` (Len Kleinrock) ds` bu ijh”.kÍ us gh baVjusV d`k lw(ik( fd`;k\ ckn eÍ bZ-es¥ d`k
fod`kl js VkWfeYlu (Ray Tomlinson) }kjk 1972 eÍ rƒk oYMZ okbM osc www d`k fVe cuZlZ ¥h fdz`f'p;u Mseksdzs`fVd` ;wfu;u (CDU) ds`
(Tim Berners Lee) }kjk 1990 eÍ fd`;k x;k ƒk\ usr~Ro ok¥s xBcU|u us cgqer gkfl¥ fd`;k
mY¥s[uh; gS fd` ‘baVjusV’ mi;ksx d`jus ok¥kÍ d`h fo'o eÍ dq`¥ la“;k 1999 eÍ ds`o¥ 25
d`jksÈM ƒh] tks cÈ<d`j 2002 eÍ 50 d`jksÈM 2006 eÍ 1 vjc o 2008 eÍ 1·5 vjc gks xbZ ƒh\ rktk
mi¥C| vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds` vuqlkj fo'o eÍ baVjusV mi;ksx d`jus ok¥kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k ;»fi phu eÍ
lokZf|d` gS] nsæ d`h dq`¥ tula“;k ds` ^frær ds` Ôi eÍ baVjusV miHksDrk lokZf|d` vkLV_sf¥;k eÍ
gß\ baVjusV mi;ksx d`jus ok¥kÍ d`h la“;k ds` eke¥s eÍ Hkjr d`k pkSƒk Lƒku gS\
baVjusV mi;ksx d`jus ok¥kÍ d`h la“;k
nsæ baVjusV d`k mi;ksx d`jus ok¥kÍ nsæ d`h dq`¥ tula“;k eÍ baVjusV mi;ksx
d`h la“;k ·fef¥;u eÍ‚ d`jus ok¥kÍ d`k Hkx ·^frær eÍ‚
phu 298 22·4
vejhd`k 227 74·7
tkiku 94 73·8
Hkjr 81 7·1
czkth¥ 68 34·3 vke pquko eÍ lœ`¥rk ds` ckn ,aats¥k edsZ`¥
teZuh 55 67·0 gS\ lhMh;w us lks'k¥ Mseksdzs`VΩl d`h ikVhZ
;w\ ds`\ 48 72·0
œz`kal 41 66·0 (SPD) ds` LFkku ij 16 o"ksÛ ls foi{k eÍ
Ôl 38 27·0 jgh œz`h Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ (FDP) ds` lkFk
n\ d`ksfj;k 37 76·0 pqukoh xBcU|u bl ckj fd`;k Fkk\ pquko
vkLV_sf¥;k 17 80·6 eÍ fdz`f'p;u Mseksdzs`fVd` ;wfu;u o mld`h

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/655
lg;ksxh fdz`f'p;u lks'k¥ ;wfu;u (CSU) ds` lkSjH xkaxq¥h o vkLV_sf¥;k ds` fjd`h iwokZ*Z eÍ pkj fnu vejhd`k d`h ;k(k ij jgs\
d`ks tgk∑ 33·8 ^fr'kr er ^kIr gq, gß ogÓ ikÍfVax d`k NBk la;qDr Lƒku bleÍ fn;k bl ;k(k ds` nkSjku vejhd`k ds` jkÆV_h; lqj{kk
,œ`Mhih us Hh ¥xHx 15 ^fr'kr er ^kIr x;k gS\ vkLV_sf¥;k ds` rst xÍnckt czsV ¥h l¥kgd`kj tsEl tkÍl] ,œ`chvkbZ ds` funsæd`
fd`, gß\ blls bl xBcU|u ds` dq`¥ er o bax¥S≥M ds` ds`fou ihVjlu ·30-30 jkWcVZ E;w¥j o x~g lqj{kk ea(h tsusV usiksf¥Vkuks
¥k[ MkW¥j‚ ds` lkƒ la;qDr vkBoÍ Lƒku vkfn ds` vfrfjDr fonsæ ea(h fg¥sjh fD¥aVu
48·8 ^fr'kr jgs gß\ blls ,ats¥k edsZ`¥ ls Hh mud`h okrkZ,a gqbÛ\ ikfd`Lrku ls lapkf¥r
ds` 4 o"Z ds ` ,d` vkSj d`k;Zd`k¥ ds` f¥, ij gß rƒk nlok∑ Lƒku vkLV_sf¥;k ds` vkrad`h laxBukÍ ls Hkjr d`h vkUrfjd` lqj{kk
pkal¥j cuus d`ks ekxZ ^'kLr gks x;k gS\ ekbd`¥ D¥kdZ` ·25 ¥k[ MkW¥j‚ d`k gS\ d`ks mRiUu [rjs gh mud`h bu okrkZvkÍ eÍ eq“;
m|j nwljh vksj 23 ^fr'kr er lks'k¥
Mseksdzs`VΩl d`h ikVhZ (SPD) d`ks] 11·9 foxr ,d` o"Z eÍ lokZf|d` |u d`ekus ok¥s
^fr'kr oke n¥kÍ d`ks o 10·7 ^fr'kr er f∂`ds`VjkÍ d`h œ`ksClZ lwph
xzhu ikVhZ d`ks bl pquko eÍ ^kIr gq, gß\ bu ,d` o"Z eÍ vftZr vk;
erkÍ ds` vk|kj ij laln ds` 622 lnL;h; ∂`ekad` f∂`ds`Vj
·MkW¥j eÍ‚
fup¥s lnu eÍ lhMh;w rFkk lh,l;w d`ks 1. egsUnz ¯lg |ksuh ·Hkjr] psUubZ lqij¯d`Xl‚ 1 d`jksÈM
239 o mld`h ubZ lg;ksxh ,œ`Mhih d`ks 2. lfpu rÍnq¥d`j ·Hkjr] eqEcbZ bf≥M;Ul‚ 80 ¥k[
93 lhVÍ ^kIr gqbZ gß\ ljd`kj cukus ds` 3. ;qojkt ¯lg ·Hkjr] ¯d`Xl b¥sfou iatkc‚ 55 ¥k[
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f∂`ds`VjkÍ us fo'o ds` tkus-ekus f∂`ds`VjkÍ
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ok¥s 10 fdz`ds`VjkÍ d`h ,d` lwph vejhd`h
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flrEcj 2009 eÍ izd`kfær d`h gS\ bueÍ 5 ijh”. fu"s| lfU| (Comprehensive flrEcj d`ks lqukbZ gS\ HzÆVkpkj ds` bl eke¥s
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vU; jkÆV_ k Í ls ‘xS j ijek.q æfDr lEiUu lqukbZ xbZ gS\
Lƒku gS\ ‘n oYMZΩl VkWi vfuÛx fdz`ds`VlZ’
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d`h vk; 55 ¥k[ MkW¥j ·26·82 d`jksÈM 2005 ds` pqukokÍ eÍ 45 ^fr'kr erkÍ ds` lkFk
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vk; 50 ¥k[ MkW¥j ·24·38 d`jksÈM :i,‚ lks'k¥ Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ d`ks 78 lhVkÍ ds` lkFk
crkbZ xbZ gS\ 40 ¥k[ MkW¥j d`h vk; ds` Hkjr ds` x~g ea(h fpnEcjeΩ d`h vejhd`k 29 ^fr'kr er bl pquko eÍ ^kIr gq, gß\
lkƒ bax¥S≥M ds` ,aM_;w fŒ¥aVkWœ` d`ks ;k(k blls lksdzs`VhÈt ds` gh ^|kuea(h in ij cus
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^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/656

O``th- 20 d`k fiVΩlcxZ fæ[j
lEes¥u
O``oSf'od` fonsæh izR;” fuosæ eÍ
Hkjh d`eh d`k ‘vad`VkM’ d`k
vuqeku
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o futh ”s( d`h la;qDr d`Eiuh
bUosLV bafM;k ds` xBu d`ks
eaf(e≥M¥ d`h eatwjh
O``eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj æwU; ls ˜ij
vkbZ
O``C;kt njkÍ ds` ok;nk d`kjksckj d`k
æqHkjEH
O``fo'o cßd` }kjk Hkjr gsrq 4.3
vjc MkW¥j d`k )`. Lohd~`r
O``Lo.Z cspus d`h vkbZ,e,œ` d`h
;kstuk
O``‘flfc¥’ ls ∂s`fMV fjiksVZ izkIr
d`jus d`h lqfo|k
O``vkbZ,e,œ` }kjk 4.8 vjc MkW¥j
ds` rqY; ,lMhvkj vkoaVu ls
Hkjr ds` fonsæh eqnzk d`ks" eÍ o~f*
O``ig¥h nwjarks js¥xkÈMh fl;k¥nkg
o fnY¥h ds` chp izkjEH
O``2009-10 d`h ig¥h frekgh eÍ
vkfƒZd` o~f* nj 6.1 izfrær
O``oSf'od` izfrLi*kZ lwpd`kad` eÍ
Hkjr d`k 49ok∑ Lƒku
O``vU; egRoiw.Z rF;
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d`nekÍ ds` f∂`;kUo;u d`h leh”k rhljs
fiVΩlcxZ lEes¥u eÍ d`h xbZ\ bl lEes¥u
ds` f¥, Ôijs[k fu|kZfjr d`jus ds` f¥,
th-20 nsækÍ ds` fo® eaf(;kÍ o ds`Unzh; cßd`kÍ
ds` xouZjkÍ d`k lEes¥u 5 flrEcj] 2009
d`ks ¥anu eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k ƒk\
fiVΩlcxZ fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ Hkx ¥sus
th-20 d`k fiVΩlcxZ fæ[j ds ` f¥, Hkjrh; iz|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu
¯lg 23 flrEcj d`ks ubZ fnY¥h ls jokuk
lEes¥u gq, ƒs\ muds` lkƒ x, fæÆVeaM¥ eÍ
oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ls mcjus ,oa ;kstuk vk;ksx ds` mik÷;” ekÍVsd` ¯lg
fo®h; cktkjkÍ d`h fLƒfr lq|kjus ds` f¥, vkg¥wokf¥;k o jkÆV_h; lqj”k l¥kgd`kj
,e\ ds`\ ukjk;. ækfe¥ ƒs\
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Ôl] œz`kal] teZuh] d`ukMk] fczVsu] bV¥h o
tkiku ds` vfrfjDr vtsZUVhuk] vkLV_sf¥;k]
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G – 2 0
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rqd`hZ o ;wjksih; la? ækfe¥ gß\ fo'o d`h
nks-frgkbZ tula“;k d`ks vkJ; nsus ok¥s bu
foxr ,d` o"Z eÍ viukbZ xbZ O;wg jpuk o nsækÍ d`h oSf'od` d`kjksckj eÍ fgLlsnkjh tgk∑
mlds` ifj.kekÍ d`h leh”k ds` f¥, th- 20 80 ^frær gS] ogÓ oSf'od` ld`¥ ?js¥w
d`k fæ[j lEes¥u vejhd`k eÍ fiVΩlcxZ mRikn eÍ mud`h fgLlsnkjh 90 izfrær gS\
(Pittsburgh) eÍ 24-25 flrEcj] 2009
d`ks lEiUu gqvk\ flrEcj 2008 eÍ eanh fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ th-20 jkÆV_kÍ us
ds` mtkxj gksus ds` i'pkrΩ blls fuiVus bl ckr ij lgefr O;Dr d`h fd` oSf'od`
ds` f¥, vk;ksftr th-20 d`k ;g rhljk vƒZO;oLƒk d`h o~f* nj d`ks cjd`jkj
fæ[j lEes¥u ƒk\ ,slk ig¥k lEes¥u j[us ds` f¥, jkÆV_h; vkfƒZd` uhfr;kÍ d`ks
uoEcj 2008 eÍ ok¯æxVu eÍ o nwljk
lEes ¥ u v^S ¥ 2009 eÍ ¥a n u eÍ
vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k ƒk\ ok¯æxVu o
¥anu fæ[j lEes¥ukÍ eÍ r; fd`, x,
vUrjkZÆV_h; uhfr;kÍ ds` lkƒ tksÈMk tk,\
2008-09 d`h vkfƒZd` eanh d`h iqujko~f® u
gksus nsus d`k lad`Yi d`jrs gq, ,d` lkƒ
fe¥d`j d`ke d`jus ij lgefr lHh
HkxhnkjkÍ us cukbZ\ etcwr] lrrΩ ,oa
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Ôijs[k fu|kZj. ds` f¥, Hh lgefr
lEes¥u eÍ cuh\ lEes¥u ds` lekiu ij
tkjh la ; q D r oDrO; eÍ vUrjkZ Æ V_ h ;
vkfƒZd` lg;ksx ds` eke¥s eÍ th-20 d`ks
izhfe;j fud`k; d`jkj fn;k x;k gS\ th- 20
d`ks ,slh æh"Z laLƒk ds` Ôi eÍ bleÍ crk;k
x;k gS] tks fo'o ds` vkfƒZd` eq¸ˆkÍ ds` g¥
d`h fnæk eÍ leUo;d`kjh Hwfed`k fuHkrh
gS\ blls th-8 o vU; ,sls fud`k;kÍ d`h
rq¥uk eÍ th-20 d`ks vf|d` egRo fe¥k gS\
¥anu fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ xfBr th-20 nsækÍ
ds` œ`kbuÍfæ;¥ LVsfcf¥Vh cksMZ (FSB) d`ks
vf|d` Hwfed`k iznku d`jus d`ks lgefr Hh
bu jkÆV_kÍ eÍ gqbZ gS\ ?ks".k-i( eÍ fofHUu
nsækÍ d`h laj”.oknh izo~f® ij jksd` ¥xkus
rƒk nksgk okrkZ d`ks ;ƒkæh?z iwjk d`jus d`k
vkÿku Hh fd`;k x;k gS\ Hkjr lfgr
fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`ks ,d` cÈMh lœ`¥rk
fiVΩlcxZ lEes¥u eÍ ;g fe¥h fd`
fod`flr nsækÍ ds` ikl vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk-
d`ks" ds` ‘d`ksVs’ (Quota) ds` 5 ^frær
Hkx d`ks Mk;ukfed` beftÛx ekdsZ`VΩl ,oa
fod`klæh¥ ns æ kÍ ds ` i” eÍ gLrkarfjr
d`jus d`ks lgefr cuh\ blls phu o
Hkjr ds` d`ksVs eÍ o~f* gks lds`xh\ fod`kl-
æh¥ nsæ 7 ^frær d`ksVk gLrkarj. ds`
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æh¥ nsækÍ d`ks 3 ^frær vf|d` erkf|d`kj
mi¥C| d`jkus d`ks lger gqvk gS\ d`ksVk
gLrkarj. d`h ;g izf∂`;k tuojh 2011
rd` iwjh gksus d`h lEHkouk gS\
fiVΩlcxZ fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ mifLƒr jkÆV_k÷;” o vU; izfrfuf|
th- 20 d`k vkxkeh fæ[j lEes¥u
d`ukMk eÍ eLd`ksd`k eÍ twu 2010 eÍ
vk;ksftr d`jus d`k œS`l¥k bl lEes¥u
eÍ fd`;k x;k\ 25–27 twu] 2010 d`ks gh
ogk∑ th-8 fæ[j lEes¥u vk;ksftr fd`;k
tkuk gS\ 2010 eÍ th-20 d`k nwljk
fæ[j lEes¥u uoEcj eÍ fl;ks¥ ·n\
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d`ksfj;k‚ eÍ gksxk\ 2011 ls izfro"Z ,d`
gh fæ[j lEes¥u vk;ksftr fd`, tkus
d`h lEHkouk gS\
oSf'od` fonsæh izR;” fuosæ eÍ
Hkjh d`eh d`k ‘vad`VkM’ d`k
vuqeku
oSf'od` eanh ds` p¥rs fo'o Hj eÍ
2009 eÍ fonsæh izR;” fuosæ (FDI) eÍ
d`eh vkus d`h lEHkouk ‘vad`VkM’
(UNCTAD—United Nations Confe-
rence on Trade and Development) d`h
,d` rktk fjiksVZ eÍ O;Dr d`h xbZ gS\
laxBu d`h oYMZ Mso¥ieÍV fjiksVZ%2009
æh"Zd` ls flrEcj 2009 eÍ tkjh bl fjiksVZ
eÍ crk;k x;k gS fd` chrs o"Z 2008 eÍ
oSf'od` fonsæh izR;” fuosæ 1·7 fV_f¥;u
MkW¥j jgk ƒk] ftlds` 30 izfrær ?Vd`j
2009 eÍ 1·2 fV_f¥;u MkW¥j ls Hh d`e
jgus d`h lEHkouk gS\ fjiksVZ ds` vuqlkj
2010 eÍ bleÍ dq`N lq|kj gksxk rƒk ;g
1·4 fV_f¥;u MkW¥j rd` gks lds`xk] tcfd`
mlds` ckn bleÍ rsth vk,xh rƒk 2011
eÍ ;g 1·8 fV_f¥;u MkW¥j rd` igq∑p tk,xk\
‘vad`VkM’ d`h bl fjiksVZ eÍ crk;k
x;k gS fd` o"Z 2008 eÍ fonsæh izR;”
fuosæ (FDI) vkd`f"Zr d`jus ds` eke¥s eÍ
Hkjr nqfu;k eÍ tgk∑ 13oÍ Lƒku ij jgk]
ogÓ ,fæ;k eÍ bl eke¥s eÍ ;g ,d`
ik;nku fœ`l¥d`j rhljs Lƒku ij igq∑p
x;k\ fjiksVZ eÍ d`gk x;k gS fd` 2008 ds`
nkSjku ,œ`MhvkbZ vkd`f"Zr d`jus ok¥s chl
izeq[ nsækÍ eÍ vejhd`k ig¥s Lƒku ij
jgk] tcfd` œz`kal nwljs] phu rhljs] fczVsu
pkSƒs] ¸Ôlh egkla? ik∑poÍ] Lisu NBs]
gkaxd`kax lkroÍ] csfYt;e vkBoÍ]
vkLV_sf¥;kbZ ukSoÍ vkSj czkth¥ nloÍ Lƒku
ij jgk gS\ d`ukMk bl eke¥s eÍ 11oÍ]
LohMu 12 oÍ vkSj Hkjr 13 oÍ Lƒku ij
jgk gS\ l˜nh vjc d`k 14ok∑] teZuh d`k
15ok∑] tkiku d`k 16ok∑] ¯lxkiqj d`k 17ok∑]
eSfDld`ks d`k 18ok∑] ukbthfj;k d`k 19ok∑
vkSj rqd`hZ d`k 20 ok∑ Lƒku bl eke¥s eÍ
crk;k x;k gS\ ,fæ;k eÍ ,œ`MhvkbZ
vkd`f"Zr d`jus ds` eke¥s eÍ phu tgk∑
ig¥s ik;nku ij jgk] ogÓ gkaxd`kax Hkjr
d`ks nwljs Lƒku ls gVkd`j bl ij d`kfct
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rhljs Lƒku ij igq∑p x;k gS\
,œ`MhvkbZ izksRlkgu gsrq ljd`kj
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fuosæd`kÍ d`ks fofHUu lwpuk,a o tkud`kfj;k∑
mi¥C| d`jkus rƒk fonsæh fuosæd`kÍ d`h
enn ds` f¥, v¥x ls ,d` d`Eiuh ds`
xBu d`k œS`l¥k ljd`kj us fd`;k gS\
‘bUosLV bafM;k’ uke ls cuus ok¥h ;g
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Hh enn d`jsxh\ izLrkfor d`Eiuh ds` xBu
d`ks ds`Unzh; eaf(e≥M¥ us eatwjh xr 10
flrEcj d`ks iznku d`h gS\ fcuk ¥kH gkfu
(No Profit-No Loss) ds` vk|kj ij
p¥kbZ tkus ok¥h bl d`Eiuh d`ks futh
”s( ds` lkƒ la;qDr m»e ds` rkSj ij
Lƒkfir fd`;k tk,xk\ bl d`Eiuh eÍ
ljd`kj ds` lkƒ m»ksx laxBu fœ`Dd`h
(FICCI) Hh fgLlsnkj gksxk\ ljd`kjh-futh
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bl d`Eiuh d`h æq:vkrh iw∑th ,d` d`jksÈM
:i, fu|kZfjr d`h xbZ gS\ bleÍ ljd`kj
d`h fgLlsnkjh 49 ^frær vkSj fœ`Dd`h d`h
51 ^frær gksxh\ izLrkfor d`Eiuh ds`
lEcU| eÍ dS`fcusV ds` œS`l¥s d`h foLr~r
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o uhfr foHkx ds` lfpo cksMZ ds` ukWu
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mUgkÍus crk;k fd` ckn eÍ bl d`Eiuh eÍ
jkT;kÍ ds` izfrfuf|;kÍ d`ks Hh tksÈMk tk,xk\
KkrO; gS fd` fonsæh fuosæ izLrkokÍ d`ks
eatwjh nsus ds` f¥, ig¥s ls gh ljd`kj
ds` ikl fonsæh fuosæ lEcU|h cksMZ
(FIPB) uke d`h laLƒk gS\ ubZ d`Eiuh
cu tkus ds` ckn Hh ,œ`MhvkbZ izLrkokÍ d`ks
eatwjh nsus d`k d`ke ;gh ,tÍlh d`jsxh\
pw∑fd` Hkjr eÍ vkus ok¥s dq`¥ fonsæh fuosæ
izLrkokÍ eÍ ls 80 ^frær vkWVkseSfVd` eatwjh
ok¥s gksrs gß] blf¥, muds` izLrkokÍ d`h
eatwjh eÍ ,œ`vkbZihch d`h d`ksbZ Hwfed`k ugÓ
gksrh\ ,sls fuosæd`kÍ d`ks gh izf∂`;kxr
ck|kvkÍ ls lcls T;knk xqtjuk gksrk gS]
D;kÍfd` muds` ikl ljd`kjh uhfr;kÍ ls
lEcfU|r tkud`kjh d`k vHko gksrk gS\
vkuan æekZ ds` eqrkfcd` ubZ d`Eiuh
‘bUosLV bafM;k’ ,sls fuosæd`kÍ d`h tÔjrkÍ
d`ks iwjk d`jsxh\ okf.T; ,oa m»ksx ea(h us
crk;k fd` ew¥r# ;g d`Eiuh rhu fl*karkÍ
ij d`ke d`jsxh\ ig¥k] Hkjr eÍ izR;”
fonsæh fuosæ d`ks izksRlkgu nsuk] nwljk]
Hkjr vkus ok¥s fonsæh fuosæd`kÍ d`ks
izf∂`;kxr lqfo|k,a iznku d`juk o fofHUu
ea(k¥;kÍ ds` chp leUo;d` d`k d`ke d`juk
vkSj rhljk] vkS»ksfxd` uhfr ij ljd`kj
d`ks œ`hMcSd` iznku d`juk\
eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj æwU; ls ˜ij
vkbZ
13 lIrkg rd` æwU; ls uhps cus jgus
ds` i'pkrΩ eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj 5 flrEcj]
2009 d`ks lekIr lIrkg eÍ æwU; ls ˜ij
vk xbZ\ lUnfHZr lIrkg eÍ ƒksd` ewY;
vk|kfjr ;g vuafre nj 0·12 ^frær jgh\
blls iwoZ 6 twu] 2009 d`ks lekIr lIrkg eÍ
;g æwU; ls uhps xbZ ƒh rƒk mlds` i'pkrΩ
¥xkrkj )`.kRed` gh ;g cuh gqbZ ƒh\
C;kt njkÍ ds` ok;nk d`kjksckj
d`k æqHkjEH
vxLr 2008 eÍ fonsæh eqnzk d`k ok;nk
d`kjksckj æqÔ d`jus ds` i'pkrΩ Hkjr eÍ
vc C;kt njkÍ d`k ok;nk d`kjksckj Hh æqÔ
gks x;k gS\ ds`Unzh; fo® lfpo væksd`
pko¥k us bld`k æqHkjEH jkÆV_h; LVkWd`
,DlpÍt (NSE) eÍ xr 31 vxLr d`ks
fd`;k\ cßd`] ^kbejh Mh¥j] E;wpqv¥ œ`≥M]
chek d`Eifu;k∑] d`kWiksZjsV gkml] fonsæh
laLƒkxr fuosæd` o vU; `fo®h; laLƒku
eqEcbZ fLƒr usæu¥ LVkWd` ,DlpÍt eÍ C;kt nj
eÍ ok;nk d`kjksckj d`k mnΩ?kVu d`jrs fo® lfpo
væksd` pko¥k ·nk,a ls nwljs‚ lkƒ eÍ gß fjtoZ
cßd` d`h fMIVh xouZj ';ke¥k xksihukƒ] lsch ds`
ps;jeSu lh\ ch\ Hkos ·ck,a ls nwljs‚ vkSj
,u,lbZ ds` ,eMh ,oa lhbZvks jfo ukjk;.
C;kt nj d`k ok;nk d`kjksckj d`j ldÍ`xs\
blls C;kt njkÍ eÍ gksus ok¥s mrkj-pÈ<ko
ls lqj”k bUgÍ izkIr gks lds`xh\ C;kt nj
ds` ok;nk d`kjksckj ds` æqHkjEH ds` volj
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/659
ij ‘lsch’ (SEBI) ds` v÷;” lh\ ch\ Hkos ∂s`fMV d`kMZ ¥sus ok¥kÍ ij cd`k;k jkfæ ds`
us d`gk fd` vkus ok¥s le; eÍ vkSj Hh ,sls lkƒ muds` pk¥w o can cßd` [krkÍ ij
u, mRikn tkjh fd`, tkrs jgÍxs\ cd`k;k d`k Hh C;ksjk mi¥C| gS\
KkrO; gS fd` fo'o Hj eÍ C;kt nj ‘flfc¥’ }kjk d`h xbZ ,d` rktk
d`k ok;nk d`kjksckj æs;j d`kjksckj d`k d`bZ O;oLƒk ds` rgrΩ vc vke ¥ksx Hh viuh
xquk gS] fd`Urq Hkjr eÍ bld`h æqÔvkr gh ∂s`fMV fjiksVZ ‘flfc¥’ ls izkIr d`j ld`rs
vc gqbZ gS\ gß\ blds` f¥, fu|kZfjr æqYd` vkosnd` d`ks
fo'o cßd` }kjk Hkjr gsrq 4·3 vjc MkW¥j d`k )`. Lohd~`r
fo»qrΩ ,oa ¯lpkbZ ds` ”s(kÍ d`h vk|kfjd` lajpuk ifj;kstukvkÍ rƒk lkoZtfud` ”s( ds`
cßd`kÍ ds` iw∑thd`j. ds` f¥, fo'o cßd` us Hkjr ljd`kj ds` f¥, 4·3 vjc MkW¥j ·¥xHx
2200 d`jksÈM :i,‚ ds` pkj )`. 24 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks Lohd~`r fd`,
gß\ lkoZtfud` ”s( ds` cßd`kÍ ds` lqn~È<hd`j. ds` f¥, bud`h iw∑th
vk|kj cÈ<kus gsrq 2 vjc MkW¥j] bafM;k bUœz`kLV_Dpj œ`kbuÍl
d`Eiuh f¥ (IIFCL) gsrq 1·195 vjc MkW¥j] ikWoj fxzM d`kWiksZjsæu
gsrq 1 vjc MkW¥j rƒk vkU|z iznsæ d`h ,d` t¥kiwfrZ o lsuhVsæu
ifj;kstuk gsrq 15 d`jksÈM MkW¥j ds` )`. bueÍ ækfe¥ gß\ fo'o cßd`
}kjk Lohd~`r 4·3 vjc MkW¥j d`k ;g )`. 2009–12 d`h vof| eÍ Hkjr ds` f¥, ¥f”r 14
vjc MkW¥j ds` )`. d`k gh Hkx gS\
cßd`kÍ ds` lqn~È<hd`j. ds` f¥, Lohd~`r 2 vjc MkW¥j d`h jkfæ d`k bLrsek¥ ljd`kj }kjk
bu cßd`kÍ ds` iw∑thd`j. ds` f¥, fd`;k tk,xk\ fjtoZ cßd` ds` fnæk-funsZækÍ ds` rgrΩ cßd`kÍ d`ks
12 izfrær iw∑th i;kZIrrk vuqikr (CAR) cuk, j[uk vko';d` gS] tcfd` 2008 eÍ
lkoZtfud` ”s( ds` 14 cßd`kÍ d`k ;g vuqikr bl ¥f”r vuqikr ls d`e ƒk\
Lo.Z cspus d`h vkbZ,e,œ` d`h ;kstuk
m|kj iznku d`jus d`h viuh ”erk ds` foLrkj ds` f¥, vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks" (IMF) d`h
vius foæk¥ Lo.Z HaMkj eÍ ls 403·3 Vu lksuk cspus d`h ;kstuk gS\ bl fc∂`h ls 13 vjc
MkW¥j d`h izkfIr eqnzk d`ks" d`ks gks lds`xh\ bld`k bLrsek¥ vius
lnL; jkÆV_kÍ d`ks] foæs"r# fu|Zu jkÆV_kÍ d`ks )`. mi¥C| d`jkus ds`
f¥, vkbZ,e,œ` }kjk fd`;k tk,xk\ Lo.Z fc∂`h ds` bl izLrko d`ks
vkbZ,e,œ` ds` izcU|d` eaM¥ us 18 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks eatwjh iznku
d`h gS\ fc∂`h fd`, tkus ok¥k Lo.Z vkbZ,e,œ` ds` ikl mi¥C|
dq`¥ 3217 Vu Lo.Z d`k ¥xHx vkBok∑ Hkx gksxk\ 186 lnL;h;
vkbZ,e,œ` vejhd`k o teZuh ds` ckn rhljk cÈMk Lo.Z d`ks"
|kjd` gS\ d`ks" ds` lalk|u cÈ<kus ds` f¥, bl Lo.Z d`ks" d`k ,d` Hkx cspus d`k œS`l¥k d`ks"
ds` izcU| ra( us v^S¥ 2008 eÍ gh fd`;k ƒk\ d`ks" d`h bl ;kstuk d`k vuqeksnu th-20 us Hh
v^S¥ 2009 ds` ¥anu fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ fd`;k ƒk\
vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks" us ;g ?ks".k d`h gS fd` Lo.Z d`h izLrkfor fc∂`h bl izd`kj ls d`h
tk,xh] ftlls bl |krq ds` vUrjkZÆV_h; cktkj ij d`ksbZ vlj u iÈMs\ d`ks" d`h bl ?ks".k ds`
ckotwn vUrjkZÆV_h; cktkj eÍ Lo.Z ds` ewY; ¥xHx ,d` gtkj MkW¥j izfr vkmal d`h fxjkoV
Lo.Z fc∂`h ds` œS`l¥s ds` ckn d`h xbZ gS\
pqd`kuk gksxk\ ehfM;k fjiksVZ ds` vuqlkj
‘flfc¥’ ls ∂s`fMV fjiksVZ ;g æqYd` fœ`¥gk¥ 142 :i, fu|kZfjr gS\
izkIr d`jus d`h lqfo|k bl lEcU| eÍ foLr~r tkud`kjh ‘flfc¥’
d`h osclkbV ls ¥h tk ld`rh gS\
cßd`kÍ ls )`. ¥sus ds` bPNqd` vkosnd`kÍ
d`ks )`. Lohd~`r d`jus ls iwoZ cßd` ^k;#
vkosnd` d`h ‘∂s`fMV fgLV_h’ ns[rs gß\ blls
;g irk p¥ tkrk gS fd` vkosnd` fd`lh
cßd` d`k )`. pqd`kus eÍ ig¥s ‘fMœ`kWYVj’
rks ugÓ jgk gS\ ‘∂s`fMV fgLV_h’ izfrdw`¥
gksus ij cßd` )`. ds` vkosnd` d`ks u;k
)`. lohd~`r d`jus ls bud`kj d`j ld`rs
gß\ Hkjr eÍ cßd`kÍ ds` ‘fMœ`kWYVlZ’ d`k ;g
‘MkVk-cßd`’ ∂s`fMV bUœ`kWesZæu C;wjks vkWœ`
bafM;k f¥\ (CIBIL) }kjk fofHUu cßd`kÍ ds`
lg;ksx ls rS;kj fd`;k x;k gS\ ‘flfc¥’ ds`
‘MkVk cßd`’ eÍ fofHUu cßd`kÍ ls )`. o

vkbZ,e,œ` }kjk 4.8 vjc
MkW¥j ds` rqY; ,lMhvkj
vkoaVu ls Hkjr ds` fonsæh
eqnzk d`ks" eÍ o~f*
28 vxLr] 2009 d`ks lekIr gq,
lIrkg eÍ Hkjr ds` fonsæh eqnzk d`ks" 276·3
vjc MkW¥j ds` gks x, ƒs] tks ,d` lIrkg
iwoZ 21 vxLr] 2009 d`ks 271·957 vjc
MkW¥j ds` ƒs\ vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks" (IMF)
}kjk Hkjr ds` i” eÍ 4·8 vjc MkW¥j ds`
rqY; ,lMhvkj d`k vkoaVu xr 28 vxLr
d`ks d`jus ds` d`kj. lUnfHZr frfƒ d`ks
fonsæh eqnzk d`ks" eÍ ;g o~f* ntZ d`h xbZ
ƒh\ nsæ ds` vkjf”r fonsæh eqnzk d`ks"kÍ eÍ
o~f* d`k ;g fl¥fl¥k ckn ds` lIrkgkÍ eÍ
Hh cuk jgk rƒk 11 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks
lekIr lIrkg eÍ dq`¥ fonsæh eqnzk d`ks"
280·978 vjc MkW¥j gks x, ƒs\
ig¥h nwjarks js¥xkÈMh fl;k¥nkg
o fnY¥h ds` chp izkjEH
2009-10 ds` js¥ ctV eÍ nsæ eÍ 14
ubZ nw j a r ks (Duronto) js¥xkfÈM;kÍ d`k
izpk¥u d`jus d`k izLrko js¥ ea(h eerk
cuthZ us fd`;k ƒk\ bueÍ ls ig¥h js¥xkÈMh
fl;k¥nkg o fnY¥h ds` chp 18 flrEcj]
2009 ls æqÔ d`h xbZ gS\ js¥ ea(h eerk
cuthZ us bl ig¥h nwjarks ,Dlizsl d`ks
d`ks¥d`krk eÍ >≥Mh fn[kd`j jokuk fd`;k\
ubZ fnY¥h-fl;k¥nkg ds` chp d`h nwjh d`ks
;g 16 ?≥Vs] 20 feuV eÍ r; d`jsxh tks
jkt|kuh ,Dlizsl }kjk f¥, tkus ok¥s
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/660
thMhih eÍ o~f* 6·1 izfrær jgh gS] tksfd`
fiN¥h frekgh ·tuojh-ekpZ 2009‚ eÍ 5·8
^frær rƒk iwoZ o"Z d`h leku vof|
·v^S¥-twu 2008‚ eÍ 7·8 izfrær ƒh\
rktk mi¥C| vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds` vuqlkj
v^S¥-twu 2009 ds` nkSjku d~`f" ”s( eÍ
o~f* 2·4 ^frær m»ksxkÍ eÍ o~f* 5·0
^frær rƒk lsokvkÍ ds` ”s( eÍ ;g 7·8
^frær jgh gS\
thMhih ds` bu ifj.kekÍ ds` ifjizs{;
eÍ vƒZO;oLƒk ds` eanh ls dq`N mcjus ds`
lads`r fe¥rs gß\ 2008-09 eÍ v^S¥-twu
2008 eÍ 7·8 ^frær tq¥kbZ-flrEcj 2008
eÍ 7·6 ^frær jgus ds` i'pkrΩ vDVwcj-
fnlEcj 2008 o tuojh-ekpZ 2009 eÍ
o~f* nj ∂`eæ# 5·8–5·8 ^frær jgh ƒh]
tks vc v^S¥-tq¥kbZ 2009 eÍ 6·1 ^frær
ntZ d`h xbZ gS\
oSf'od` izfrLi*kZ lwpd`kad` eÍ
Hkjr d`k 49ok∑ Lƒku
le; ls Hh nks ?≥Vs d`e `gksxk\ nwljh
nwjarks ,Dlizsl d`k izpk¥u 21 flrEcj]
2009 ls psUubZ-fnY¥h ds` chp æqÔ fd`;k fo'o vkfƒZd` eap (World Economic
x;k gS\ bld`k æqHkjEH ds`Unzh; x~gea(h Forum—WEF) ds` oSf'od` izfrLi*kZ
ih\ fpnEcjeΩ us psUubZ LVsæu ij >≥Mh lw p d`ka d ` 2009-10 (Global Competitive
Index) d`h n~fÆV ls Hkjr d`k fo'o eÍ vc
fn[kd`j fd`;k\
49ok∑ Lƒku gS rƒk fiN¥s o"Z d`h rq¥uk
eÍ ;g ,d` ik;nku ˜ij pÈ<k gS\ fiN¥s
2009-10 d`h ig¥h frekgh eÍ o"Z Hkjr d`k bl eke¥s eÍ 50ok∑ Lƒku ƒk\
vkfƒZd` o~f* nj 6.1 ^frær
phu d`h j߯d`x Hh bl o"Z ,d` ik;nku
lq|j d`j 30 ls 29 gks xbZ gS\ fo'o
pk¥w fo®h; o"Z 2009-10 d`h ig¥h vkfƒZd` eap us fo'o ds` 133 pquÓnk nsækÍ ds`
frekgh ·v^S¥-twu 2009‚ ds` ld`¥ ?js¥w f¥, izfrLi*kZ lwpd`kad` 8 flrEcj] 2009
mRikn (GDP) lEcU|h vk∑d`ÈMs ds`Unzh; d`ks tkjh fd`, gß\ eap ds` vuqlkj vU;
lkaf“;d`h; laxBu (CSO) }kjk 31 nsækÍ d`h rq¥uk eÍ csgrj fo®h; cktkj o
vxLr] 2009 d`ks tkjh fd`, x, ƒs\ bu etcwr c߯d`x ”s( ds` p¥rs Hkjr d`h
vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds` vuqlkj lUnfHZr vof| eÍ izfrLi*kZ ”erk eÍ lq|kj gqvk gS\
 fo'o vkfƒZd` eap ds` o"Z 2009-10 flLVEl d`k 3·9 vjc MkW¥j eÍ vf|xzg. 6 fo'ks"K n¥kÍ d`k xBu izkf|d`j. us flrEcj
ds` rktk izfrLi*kZ lwpd`kad`kÍ d`h n~fÆV ls d`jus ds` f¥, le>kSrk 21 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks 2009 eÍ fd`;k gS\
fd`;k gS\ oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V d`k nkSj æqÔ
lokZf|d` izfrLi*hZ jkÆV_ fLoVΩtj¥S≥M gks ●●●
x;k gS rƒk bl eke¥s eÍ vejhd`k] tks gksus ds` ckn ls bls vkbZVh ”s( d`k lcls cÈMk
lkSnk ekuk tk jgk gS\ Ms¥ d`h vksj ls tkjh æs" i~ÆB 656 d`k
fiN¥s o"Z æh"Z ij ƒk] d`ks mlus nwljs oDrO; ds` vuqlkj nksukÍ czkaMkÍ ds` chp d`jkj
Lƒku ij NksÈM fn;k gS\ vejhd`k ds` ckn d`h ærksÛ d`ks nksukÍ d`Eifu;kÍ ds` funsæd` eaM¥kÍ
rhljk] pkSƒk o ik∑pok∑ Lƒku ∂`eæ# fonsæ ea(h ,l\,e\ d~`Æ.k d`h cs¥kÔl
d`h eatwjh fe¥ xbZ gS\ o rqdZ`esfuLrku ;k(k
¯lxkiqj] LohMu o MsuekdZ` d`k gS\ Ôl
d`h j߯d`x eÍ Hkjh fxjkoV bl o"Z ntZ d`h cßd` vkWœ` egkjkÆV_ d`k I¥sVhue t;arh o"Z fonsæ ea(h ,l\ ,e\ d~`Æ.k us 16–19
xbZ gS rƒk ;g 51 ls fxjd`j 63oÓ bl lkoZtfud` ”s( ds` cßd` vkWœ` egkjkÆV_ us flrEcj] 2009 d`ks cs¥kÔl vkSj rqdZ`esfuLrku
o"Z jgh gS\ oSf'od` izfrLi*kZ lwpd`kad` d`h viuh Lƒkiuk ds` 75oÍ o"Z eÍ izosæ flrEcj d`h ;k(k d`h\ pkj fnu d`h bl ;k(k ds` nkSjku
n~fÆV ls izeq[ nsækÍ d`h j߯d`x fuEuf¥f[r 2009 eÍ fd`;k gS\ 16 flrEcj] 2009 ls Jh d~`Æ.k æqÔ eÍ nks fnukÍ rd` cs¥kÔl eÍ jgs
rkf¥d`k eÍ nækZbZ xbZ gS% 16 flrEcj] 2010 rd` I¥sVhue t;arh o"Z ds` tgk∑ jkÆV_ifr ,¥sDtÍMj ¥qd`kæÍd`ks vkSj fonsæ
Ôi eÍ cßd` }kjk euk;k tk jgk gS\ ea(h lxsZ ekfrZukso ls fofHUu fcUnqvkÍ ij
izfrLi*kZ j߯d`x ●●● mUgkÍ u s fopkj-foeæZ fd`;k\ ckn eÍ og
jkÆV_
(2009-10) rqdZ`esfuLrku x, tgk∑ fonsæ ea(h jæhn
æs" i~ÆB 651 d`k
fLoVΩtj¥S≥M 1 esjsnkso o jkÆV_ifr xqjcaxq¥h cnhZeqgEenkso ds`
vejhd`k 2 ds` lHh iz;kl foœ`¥ gks x, gß ftlds` lkƒ f}i”h; eqnΩnkÍ ij mUgkÍus ppkZ d`h\
¯lxkiqj 3 p¥rs lhchvkbZ us varr# eke¥s d`ks can ●●●
LohMu 4 d`jus d`k œS`l¥k fd`;k gS\ lkWf¥flVj
MsuekdZ` 5 tuj¥ lqcz©≥;e us fnY¥h mPp U;k;k¥;
fœ`u¥S≥M 6 ds` 2004 ds` ml œS`l¥s d`k gok¥k Hh New Release
teZuh 7 mPpre U;k;k¥; eÍ fn;k ftleÍ d`gk x;k
tkiku 8 Fkk fd` cksœ`kslZ lkSns eÍ HzÆVkpkj d`k d`ksbZ
d`ukMk 9 eke¥k ugÓ curk\ lqcz©≥;e us d`gk fd`
uhnj¥S≥MΩl 10 eke¥s ds` bu lHh rF;kÍ ij xkSj d`jus ds`
phu
Hkjr
29
49
ckn ljd`kj us ds`l d`ks can d`jus d`k
œS`l¥k f¥;k gS\ lkWf¥flVj tuj¥ ds` bl
Mathematical
czkth¥
Ôl
56
63
c;ku d`k Hktik vkSj bl eke¥s eÍ lqizhe
d`ksVZ d`k njoktk [V[Vkus ok¥s od`h¥kÍ
Formulae
us d`ÈMk fojks| fd`;k] tcfd` d`kaxzsl us (Useful for Various
Competitive Examinations)
vU; egRoiw.Z rF; d`gk gS fd` varr# eke¥s ij fojke ¥x
x;k gS\ KkrO; gS fd` bl eke¥s eÍ
‘Mk¥Mk’ czkaM d`h okilh Dok(ksfPp ,d`ek( vkjksih cp x;k Fkk
Compiled by : Dr. N. K. Singh
iwoZ o"ksÛ eÍ vfr ¥ksd`f^; jgs ‘Mk¥Mk’ D;kÍfd` fnY¥h mPp U;k;k¥; us 31 ebZ]
czkaM d`h okilh Hkjrh; cktkj eÍ xr flrEcj 2005 d`ks vU; vkjksfi;kÍ ds` fo:* vkjksi
ekg eÍ gqbZ gS\ vejhd`h [k» d`Eiuh cqaxs fujLr d`j fn, Fks\
Code No. 1642

(Bunge) d`h Hkjrh; vuq"axh d`Eiuh cqaxs

bafM;k izk\ f¥\ us ‘Mk¥Mk’ uke ls fjœ`kbaM
Rs. 65/-

rs¥ fc∂`h ds` f¥, xr 7 flrEcj d`ks ¥kap laf{kIrd`h

fd`;k gS\
KkrO; gS fd` cqaxs us fgUnqLrku f¥oj 2009 eÍ 72 ck?kÍ d`h e~R;q d`k xSj-
(HLL) ls Mk¥Mk czkaM 2003 eÍ [jhn f¥;k ljd`kjh laxBukÍ d`k nkok
ƒk\ ck? laj{k. gsrq fd`, x, reke iz;klkÍ
Hkjr eÍ ig¥k bL¥kfed` cßd` ds`j¥ eÍ ds` ckotwn ns'k eÍ bud`h la“;k eÍ fxjkoV d`k
LFkkiuk|hu vans'kk gS\ 2006 d`h fiN¥h ck? x.uk (Tiger HINDI
ns'k eÍ ig¥k bL¥kfed` cßd` ds`j¥ eÍ Census) eÍ ns'k eÍ ck?kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k 1411 EDITION
d`ksfPp eÍ LFkkfir gksxk\ blds` f¥, iathd`j. vkd`f¥r d`h xbZ ƒh\ xSj-ljd`kjh laxBukÍ d`k
^fdz`;k ^kjEH gks pqd`h gS rFkk bld`k d`k;Z nkok gS fd` bueÍ ls d`e-ls-d`e 150 ck?kÍ d`h
2010 eÍ ^kjEH gksus d`h lEHkouk gS\ ds`j¥ LVsV e~R;q bl vof| eÍ gks pqd`h gS\ bueÍ ls 72
Code 248
baMfLV_;¥ Mso¥ieÍV d`kWiksZjs'ku (KSIDC) d`h ck?kÍ ds` rks blh o"Z ·2009 eÍ‚ ekjs tkus d`k Rs. 76/-
bleÍ 11 ^fr'kr Hkxhnkjh gksxh\ nkok fd`;k x;k gS\ ck? la“;k eÍ vk jgh bl
Ms¥ }kjk isjkWV flLVEl d`k vf|xzg. d`eh ds` ifjizs{; eÍ lHh ck? vH;kj≥;kÍ d`k Upkar Prakashan, AGRA-2
fo'o d`h nwljh cÈMh ilZu¥ d`EI;wVj Lora( ewY;kad`u d`jkus d`k jkÆV_h; ck? laj{k. ● E-mail : publisher@upkar.in ● Website : www.upkar.in
d`Eiuh Ms¥ bad` us d`EI;wVj lsok œ`eZ isjkWV izkf|d`j. (NTCA) d`k bjknk gS\ blds` f¥,

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/661
 ujs'k n;k¥] tks 30 flrEcj d`ks lsokfuo~®
gq, gß] d`k LFkku mUgkÍus 1 vDVwcj] 2009
ls f¥;k gS\

¥hfc;k ds` v¥h vCnqLl¥ke V_sd`h

la;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk ds` 64oÍ l(
ds` v÷;{k
¥hfc;k ds` vœz`hd`h ;wfu;u eke¥kÍ ds`
ea(h v¥h vCnqLl¥ke V_sd`h (Ali Abdus-
salam Treki) la;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk ds` 64oÍ
vf|os'ku ds` v÷;{k
'kCn la{ksi gß\ egklHk ds` 15
(Abbreviations) flrEcj] 2009 d`ks
'kqÔ gq, bl vf|os-
lh vks\ ch\ vkj\ ,\ ·d`kscjk‚%d`ekaMks cVkf¥;u œ`kWj fjÈT;kWY;wV ,D'ku 'ku ds` v÷;{k ds`
Ôi eÍ mUgkÍus d`k;Z-
CoBRA—Commando Battalion for Resolute Action Hkj l∑Hk¥ f¥;k gS\
O;k“;k%bl v*ZlSfud` c¥ d`k xBu uDl¥h xfrfof|;kÍ ij vadq`'k ds` f¥, la;qDr jkÆV_ la? d`h
fd`;k x;k Fkk\ v¥h vCnqLl¥ke V_sd`h 192 lnL;h; egk-
vkbZ\ lh\ ,e\ ,\ vkbZ\%baLVhVΩ;wV vkWœ` d`kWLV ,≥M eSusteÍV ,d`kmaVΩl vkWœ` lHk eÍ twu 2009 eÍ loZlEefr ls mUgÍ
bafM;k bl nkf;Ro gsrq pquk x;k Fkk\ muls iwoZ
fud`kjkxqvk ds` fexq,¥ Mh ,Ld`ksVks czkWd`eSu
ICMAI—Institute of Cost and Management Accounts of India egklHk ds` 63oÍ l( ds` v÷;{k Fks\
O;k“;k%1959 eÍ laln }kjk ikfjr vf|fu;e ds` rgrΩ xfBr baLVhVΩ;wV vkWœ`
d`kWLV ,≥M oDlZ ,d`kmaVΩl vkWœ` bafM;k (ICWAI) d`ks 'kh?z gh vc bl u, uke cqYxkfj;k d`h bfjuk cksd`ksok gkÍxh
·baLVhVΩ;wV vkWœ` d`kWLV ,≥M eSusteÍV ,d`kmaVΩl vkWœ` bf≥M;k‚ ls tkuk tk,xk\ laLFkk ;wusLd`ks d`h vx¥h egkfuns'kd`
ds` uke eÍ ifjorZu d`k vuqjks| ljd`kj us lS*kfUrd` rkSj ij Lohd`kj d`j f¥;k gS] cqYxkfj;k d`h iwoZ fons'k ea(h ,oa orZeku
fd`Urq blds` f¥, vkbZlhMCY;w,vkbZ vf|fu;e eÍ ifjorZu d`juk gksxk\ d`kWiksZjsV eke¥kÍ eÍ œz`kal eÍ jktnwr bfjuk cksd`ksok (Irina
ds` ea(h l¥eku [q'khZn ds` vuqlkj bl fn'kk eÍ d`ke fd`;k tk jgk gS rFkk Bokova) ‘;wusLd`ks’
vkSipkfjd`rkvkÍ d`ks 'kh?z gh iwjk d`j f¥;k tk,xk\ (UNESCO) d`h
(ABC) d`k ps;jeSu l( 2009-10 ds` f¥, vkxkeh egkfuns'kd`
fu;qfDr;k¡ loZlEefr ls pquk x;k\ ¥ksd`er xzqi ds` gkÍxh\ bl in ds` f¥,
;wusLd`ks ds` 5 8 ln-
(Appointments) fot; njMk d`ks C;wjks d`k fMIVh ps;jeSu L;h; d`k;Zd`kjh cksMZ
bl pquko eÍ pquk x;k\ eÍ vfr la?"Ziw.Z pquko
clar lsB%flMch (SIDBI) ds` mi- Vh\ oÍd`Vjke jsMΩMh%MsDd`u dz`kWfud`¥ eÍ mUgÍ pquk x;k gS\ 22
^cU| funs'kd` clar lsB d`ks vc lkoZtfud` ds` ps;jeSu Vh\ oÍd`Vjke jsMΩMh d`ks o"Z flrEcj] `2009 d`ks bfjuk cksd`ksok
{ks( ds` flaMhds`V cßd` d`k ps;jeSu lg^cU| 2009-10 ds` f¥, bafM;u U;wtisij ik∑poÍ nkSj ds` ernku eÍ felz ds` lkaLd~`frd`
funs'kd` vxLr 2009 eÍ fu;qDr fd`;k x;k lkslkbVh (INS) d`k v÷;{k pquk x;k gS\ ea(h œ`k:[ gksLuh d`ks 31–27 erkÍ ds`
gS\ iwoZ o"ksÛ eÍ og cßd` vkWœ` bafM;k eÍ mud`k p;u lkslkbVh d`h gSnjkckn eÍ ekew¥h vUrj ls mUgkÍus ijkftr fd`;k\
egk^cU|d` jg pqds` gß\ 24 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks lEiUu 70oÓ okf"Zd` blls iwoZ pkSFks nkSj ds` ernku eÍ 29-29 er
ih\ lh\ Hkj}kt%¥sfŒVuÍV tuj¥ cSBd` eÍ gqvk\ bl in ij mUgkÍus ckWEcs nksukÍ d`ks ^kIr gq, Fks\ muds` bl pquko d`k
ih\ lh\ Hkj}kt Hkjrh; Fk¥ lsuk ds` lekpkj ohd`¥h ds` gksjeqlth ,u\ d`kek ;wusLd`ks d`h egklHk eÍ vuqeksnu vDVwcj
2009 eÍ fd`;k tk,xk\ la;qDr jkÆV_ la?
u, mi^eq[ cuk, x, gß\ bl in ij d`k LFkku f¥;k gS\
(UNO) d`h isfjl fLFkr bl ,tÍlh d`h
¥sfŒVuÍV tuj¥ Fkacwjkt d`k LFkku mUgkÍus v'kksd` ds`\ da`B%e¥sf'k;k eÍ Hkjr ^eq[ cuus ok¥h og ig¥h efg¥k gkÍxh\
xzg. fd`;k gS] tks 30 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks ds` jktnwr v'kksd` ds`\ da`B vc Jh¥ad`k eÍ
lsokfuo~® gq, gß\ ¥sfŒVuÍV tuj¥ Hkj}kt Hkjr ds` u, mPpk;qDr gkÍxs\ bl vk'k;
blls iwoZ Fk¥ lsuk d`h m®jh d`eku ds` d`h ?ks".k Hkjrh; fons'k ea(k¥; }kjk iqjLdkj@lEeku
^eq[ Fks\ flrEcj 2009 eÍ d`h xbZ gS\ (Awards/Honours)
Mh\ ds`\ nhoku%okbl ,Mfej¥ Mh\
ds`\ nhoku Hkjrh; ukSlsuk ds` u, mi^eq[ fnud`j [qY¥j%fons'k ea(k¥; eÍ
gß\ 1 flrEcj] 2009 ls bl in ij okbl vfrfjDr lfpo fnud`j [qY¥j d`ks ,f'k;u fœ`Ye esd`j vkWœ` n bZ;j%
,Mfej¥ vkj\ ih\ lqFkku d`k LFkku mUgkÍus vkfLV_ ; k eÍ Hkjr d`k jktnwr flrEcj ckW¥hoqM ds` tkus-ekus fuekZrk funsZ'kd` ;'k
f¥;k gS] tks ,d` fnu iwoZ lsokfuo~® gq, Fks\ 2009 eÍ fu;q D r fd`;k x;k gS\ bl in ij pksiÈMk d`ks n\ d`ksfj;k eÍ cqlku eÍ 8–16
lqczrks pVΩVksik÷;k;%n isfualq¥k lkS j H dq ` ekj d`k LFkku og ¥Íxs\ vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks gksus ok¥s vUrjkZÆV_h;
œ`kmaMs'ku ds` ps;jeSu lqczrks pVΩVksik÷;k; lqtkrk jko%,MΩl fu;a(. foHkx fœ`Ye egksRlo eÍ ,f'k;u fœ`Ye esd`j
d`ks xr 15 flrEcj d`ks eqEcbZ eÍ lEiUu d`h ^eq[ lqtkrk jko vc ns'k d`h ubZ vkWœ` n bZ;j ds` Ôi eÍ iqjLd~`r fd`;k
pquko eÍ vkWfMV C;wjks vkWœ` `ldqZ`¥s'ku LokLF; lfpo cukbZ xbZ gß\ bl in ij tk,xk\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/662
 vkbZlhlh ds` 2008-09 ds` iqjLd`kj
fdz`ds`V ds` {ks( eÍ mRd~`ÆV ^n'kZu ds` f¥, vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V ifj"nΩ ds` o"Z
2008-09 ds` ·NBs‚ iqjLd`kjkÍ d`k forj. n\ vœz`hd`k eÍ tksgkalcxZ eÍ 1 vDVwcj]
2009 d`ks fd`;k x;k\ 13 vxLr] 2008 ls 24 vxLr] 2009 d`h vof| ds` ^n'kZu
d`ks bu iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` f¥, vk|kj cuk;k x;k Fkk\ iqjLd~`r f[¥kfÈM;kÍ ds` uke
fuEuf¥f[r gß%
fdz`ds`Vj vkWœ` n bZ;j%fe'ks¥ tkWulu ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚
VsLV I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%xkSre xaHhj ·Hkjr‚
ou Ms I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%egsUnz flag |ksuh ·Hkjr‚
beftÛx I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%ihVj flM¥ ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚\
,lksfl,V ,≥M ,fœ`f¥,V I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%fof¥;e iksVZjœ`hYM ·vk;j¥S≥M‚\
Vh-20 ijœ`kWeZj vkWœ` n bZ;j%fr¥d`jRus fn¥'kku ·Jh¥ad`k‚
oksesu I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%D¥s;j Vs¥j ·bax¥S≥M‚
vEik;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%v¥he Mkj ·ikfd`Lrku‚
fLifjV vkWœ` fdz`ds`V%U;wth¥S≥M\
vkbZlhlh ouMs Vhe vkbZlhlh VsLV Vhe
egsUnz ¯lg |ksuh ·d`Irku‚] ohjsUnz egsUnz ¯lg |ksuh ·d`Irku‚] lfpu
lgokx] ;qojkt ¯lg] f∂`l xs¥] rÍnq¥d`j] xkSre xEHhj] ,aM_;w LV_kl]
ds`fou ihVjlu] fr¥d`jRus fn¥æku] ,ch fMfof¥;lZ] fƒ¥u lejohjk]
ekfVZu xqfIV¥] ,aM_;w ¯Œ¥VkWœ`] uqoku ekbd`¥ D¥kdZ`] ækfd`c v¥ glu]
egsUnz ¯lg |ksuh # ou Ms dq`¥kæs[jk] vtark eÍfMl] mej xq¥ feæs¥ tkulu] LVqvVZ czkM] Ms¥ LVsu xkSre xEHhj # VsLV I¥s;j
I¥s;j vkWœ```n bZ;j 12ok∑ f[¥kÈMh%fƒ¥u rq"kjk 12ok∑ f[¥kÈMh%gjHtu ¯lg vkWœ```n``bZ;j

vkbZlhlh ds` bu iqjLd`kjkÍ d`k ;g NBk o"Z Fkk\ blls iwoZ 2004 eÍ bu iqjLd`kjkÍ d`k forj. ¥anu eÍ] 2005 eÍ flMuh eÍ] 2006 eÍ eqEcbZ
eÍ] 2007 eÍ tksgkalcxZ eÍ o 2008 eÍ ;g nqcbZ eÍ fd`;k x;k Fkk\ bu o"ksÛ eÍ fofHUu iqjLd~`rkÍ ds` uke fuEuf¥f[r gß%
vkbZlhlh iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` iwoZ o"ksÛ eÍ fotsrk
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
fdz`ds`Vj vkWœ` n bZ;j jkgq¥ nzfoÈM ·Hkjr‚ tSDl dS`f¥l ·nf{k. fjd`h ikÍfVax fjd`h ikÍfVax fæoukjk;. pUnzik¥
vœz`hd`k‚ vkSj ,aM_;w ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚ ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚ ·osLVbaMht‚
fŒ¥aVkWœ` ·bax¥S≥M‚
VsLV I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j jkgq¥ nzfoÈM ·Hkjr‚ tSDl dS`f¥l fjd`h ikÍfVax eksgEen ;wlqœ` Ms¥ LVsu
·nf{k.``vœz`hd`k‚ ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚ ·ikfd`Lrku‚ ·nf{k.``vœz`hd`k‚
ou Ms I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j ,aM_;w fŒ¥aVkWœ` ds`fou ihVjlu ekbd`¥ glh eSF;w gsMsu egsUnz flag |ksuh
·bax¥S≥M‚ ·bax¥S≥M‚ ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚ ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚ ·Hkjr‚
beftÛx I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j bjœ`ku iBku ·Hkjr‚ ds`fou ihVjlu b;ku cs¥ æku VSV vtUrk eÍfMl
·bax¥S≥M‚ ·bax¥S≥M‚ ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚ ·Jh¥ad`k‚
Vh-20 I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j ;qojkt flag ·Hkjr‚
oweSu fdz`ds`Vj vkWœ` n bZ;j d`kjsu jkYVu >w¥u xksLokeh pk¥ksZVh ,MoMΩlZ
·vkLV_sf¥;k‚ ·Hkjr‚ ·bax¥S≥M‚
vEik;j vkWœ` n bZ;j lkbeu Vœs`¥ lkbeu Vœs`¥ lkbeu Vœs`¥ lkbeu Vœs`¥ lkbeu Vœs`¥
·vkLV_sf¥;k‚ ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚ ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚ ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚ ·vkLV_sf¥;k‚

dS`LV_kW¥ fdz`ds`V iqjLd`kj (2008) cSVΩleSu vkWœ` n bZ;j%xkSre xEHhj fo'o ds` ig¥s cY¥sckt cus lfpu
Hkjrh; fdz`ds`VjkÍ ds` f¥, dS`LV_kW¥ ·2 ¥k[ :i,‚ rÍnq¥d`j d`ks 2-2 ¥k[ :`i, ds` fo'ks"
(Castrol) ds` o"Z 2008 ds` iqjLd`kjkÍ d`k iqjLd`kj mi;qZDr lekjksg eÍ ^nku fd`,
ckW¥j vkWœ` n bZ;j%gjHtu flag x,\
forj. eqEcbZ eÍ 17 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks ·2 ¥k[ :i,‚
fd`;k x;k\ ;g iqjLd`kj fuEuf¥f[r d`ks ejkBh fœ`Ye ‘gfj'panzkph œS`DVjh’
^nku fd`, x,% twfu;j fdz`ds`Vj vkWœ` n bZ;j%jfoUnz vkWLd`j iqjLd`kj gsrq Hkjr d`h
bafM;u fdz`ds`Vj vkWœ` n bZ;j%xkSre tMs t k ·1 ¥k[ :i,‚ vkf|d`kfjd` izfofÆV%tkus-ekus jaxd`ehZ
xEHhj ·5·00 ¥k[ :i,‚ ¥kbœ`Vkbe ,phoeÍV iqjLd`kj%xqaMIik ijsæ eksd`kæh }kjk funsZfær ejkBh fœ`Ye
‘gfj'panzkph œS`DVjh’ d`ks bl o"Z ds`
VsLV I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%ohjsUnz fo'oukFk ·5 ¥k[ :i,‚ vkWLd`j iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` f¥, fonsæh fœ`Ye
lgokx · 2 ¥k[ :i,‚ VsLV fdz`ds`V eÍ lokZf|d` dS`p ¥sus Js.h eÍ Hkjr d`h vkf|d`kfjd` izfofÆV ds`
vksMhvkbZ I¥s;j vkWœ` n bZ;j%,e\ d`k fo'o fjd`kWMZ cukus ok¥s jkgq¥ nzfoÈM rkSj ij pquk x;k gS\ nks ?aVs d`h vof| d`h
,l\ |ksuh ·2 ¥k[ :i,‚ rFkk 12,000 ls vf|d` ju cukus ok¥s bl fœ`Ye eÍ Hkjrh; flusek ds` firkeg
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/663/3
nknk lkgsc œ`kYds` }kjk 1913 eÍ Hkjr d`h
ig¥h œ`hpj fœ`Ye ‘jktk gfj'panz’ cukus
eÍ fd`, x, la?"Z d`k fp(. fd`;k x;k gS\
fœ`Ye œs`Mjsæu vkWœ` bafM;k (FFI) us bl
fœ`Ye ds` ukekad`u d`h ?ks".k flrEcj
2009 eÍ d`h\ vkWLd`j iqjLd`kj ds` f¥,
Hkjr d`h vkf|d`kfjd` izfofÆV ds` f¥,
fœ`Ye ds` p;u gsrq ,œ`,œ`vkbZ d`h T;wjh
d`h izeq[ tkuh-ekuh vfHus(h vkæk ikjs[
ƒÓ\
vkW L d`j iq j Ld`kj gs r q Hkjr d`h
vkf|d`kfjd` ,aV_h ds` rkSj ij ækfe¥ gksus
ok¥h ‘gfj'panzkph œS`DVjh’ nwljh ejkBh
fœ`Ye gS\ blls ig¥s o"Z 2004 eÍ ‘'okl’
d`ks pquk x;k ƒk\

55oÍ jkÆV_h; fœ`Ye iqjLd`kj # eUuk Ms d`ks nknk lkgsc œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj%2007
o"Z 2007 eÍ ^nf'kZr fœ`YekÍ ds` f¥, 55oÍ jkÆV_h; fœ`Ye iqjLd`kjkÍ d`h ?ks".k xr 7 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks d`h
xbZ\ 31 iqjLd`kj œ`hpj fœ`Ye Js.h eÍ] 22 xSj-œ`hpj fœ`Ye Js.h eÍ rFkk 2 iqjLd`kj flusek ij ¥s[u Js.h eÍ
fn, x, gß\ flusek ds` {ks( eÍ lexz ;ksxnku ds` f¥, loksZPp nknk lkgsc œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj d`h ?ks".k ckn eÍ 30
flrEcj] 2009 d`ks d`h xbZ gS\ œ`hpj fœ`Ye Js.h eÍ ?ksf"r bu iqjLd`kjkÍ d`h lwph fuEuf¥f[r gS%
loZJsÆB fœ`Ye ·Lo.Z d`e¥‚% loZJsÆB d`ksfj;ksxzkœ`h ·jtr d`e¥‚%tc oh eSV ·;s b'd` gS] cSBk
d`kaphojeΩ ·rfe¥] funsZ'kd`% f^;n'kZu‚ fcBk,˙˙˙˙˙‚
loZJsÆB funsZ'kd` ·Lo.Z d`e¥‚% loZJsÆB Lis'k¥ bœs`DVΩl ·jtr d`e¥‚%f'kokth ·rfe¥ fœ`Ye‚
eUuk Ms # nknk lkgsc vMwj xksik¥d~`Æ.u ·fœ`Ye uk¥w isUuqax¥ T;wjh d`k fo'ks" iqjLd`kj ·jtr d`e¥‚%xka|h ek; œ`knj
œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj e¥;k¥e‚ ·fuekZrk vfu¥ d`iwj] funsZ'kd`%fœ`jkst vCckl [ku‚
loZJsÆB vfHusrk ·jtr d`e¥‚%^d`k'k jkt ·d`kaphojeΩ‚ loZJsÆB ck¥ d`¥kd`kj ·jtr d`e¥‚%'kjn xks,d`j ·¯VX;k]
loZJsÆB vfHus(h ·jtr d`e¥‚%mekJh ·xq¥kch VkWd`ht] d`UuÈM ejkBh fœ`Ye‚
fœ`Ye‚ lkekftd` eke¥kÍ ij loZJsÆB fœ`Ye ·jtr d`e¥‚%vUr}ZU}
loZJsÆB lg vfHusrk ·jtr d`e¥‚%n'kZu tjhok¥k ·xka|h ek; ·fgUnh] funsZ'kd`%lq'kh¥ jktik¥‚
œ`knj‚ ifjokj d`Y;k. ij loZJsÆB fœ`Ye ·jtr d`e¥‚%rkjs teÓ ij
loZJsÆB lg vfHus(h ·jtr d`e¥‚%'ksœ`k¥h 'kkg ·n ¥kLV ·fuekZrk-funsZ'kd`% vkfej [ku‚
¥h;j] vaxzsth fœ`Ye‚ loZJsÆB ck¥ fœ`Ye ·Lo.Z d`e¥‚%œ`ksVks ·fgUnh] funsZ'kd`%ohjsUnz
loZJsÆB xhrd`kj ·jtr d`e¥‚%^lwwu tks'kh ·rkjs teÓ ij] rq>s lsuh‚
tc gS irk˙˙˙ek∑‚ fd`lh funsZ'kd` d`h ig¥h loZJsÆB fœ`Ye d`k bafnjk xka|h iqjLd`kj
loZJsÆB ik'oZxk;d` ·jtr d`e¥‚%'kad`j egknsou ·rkjs teÓ ij‚ ·Lo.Z d`e¥‚%œ`ksÈtsu ·fgUnh] fuekZrk-funsZ'kd`%f'kokth pUnzHw".‚
loZJsÆB ik'oZxkf;d`k ·jtr d`e¥‚%Js;k ?ks"k¥ ·tc oh esV‚ jkÆV_h; ,d`rk ij loZJsÆB fœ`Ye d`k ujfxl n® iqjLd`kj ·jtr
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e¥;k¥e fœ`Ye‚ lEiw.Z euksjatu ^nku d`jus ok¥h loZJsÆB ¥ksd`f^; fœ`Ye
loZJsÆB iVd`Fkk ·jtr d`e¥‚%fœ`jkst vCckl [ku ·xka|h ekbZ ·Lo.Z d`e¥‚%pd` ns bafM;k ·fuekZrk%vkfnR; pksiÈMk] funsZ'kd`%
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fœ`Ye‚ ejkBh Hk"k eÍ loZJsÆB fœ`Ye%fujksi ·funsZ'kd`%lfpu dqa`M¥d`j‚
loZJsÆB d`¥k funsZ'ku ·jtr d`e¥‚%lkcw lkbfj¥ ·vkse 'kkafr
vkse‚ loZJsÆB cax¥k fœ`Ye%ckW¥hxat d`ksVZ ·funsZ'kd`%fiukd`h pkS|jh‚
loZJsÆB vkWfM;ksxzkœ`h ·jtr d`e¥‚%dq`uk¥ 'kekZ ·1971 fgUnh loZJsÆB e¥;k¥e fœ`Ye%vksjs d`Mk¥ ·funsZ'kd`%';ke ^lkn‚
fœ`Ye‚ loZJsÆB rfe¥ fœ`Ye%isfj;kj ·funsZ'kd`%Kku jkt'ks[ju‚
loZJsÆB oL( lTtk ·jtr d`e¥‚%Ôek lsuxqIrk ·d~`Æ.dß`Vj loZJsÆB d`UuÈM fœ`Ye%xq¥kch VkWd`ht ·funsZ'kd`%fxjh'k
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flusek ij loksZ®e ¥s[u Js.h
flusek ij loZJsÆB iqLrd` ·Lo.Z d`e¥‚%From Raj to Swaraj : The Non Fiction Film in India ·vaxzsth] ¥s[d`%ch\Mh\ xxZ‚
loZJsÆB vk¥kspd` ·Lo.Z d`e¥‚%oh\ ds`\ tkslsœ` ·e¥;k¥e‚
mY¥s[uh; gS fd` bu iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` f¥, ljd`kj }kjk xfBr T;wjh eÍ fuekZrk-funsZ'kd` lbZ ijkatis d`ks œ`hpj fœ`Ye Js.h d`h T;wjh d`k]
o~®fp( fuekZrk v'kksd` fo'oukFku d`ks xSj-œ`hpj Js.h d`h T;wjh d`k rFkk ^fl* ¥sf[d`k uferk xks[¥s d`ks flusek ij loZJsÆB ¥s[u Js.h d`h
T;wjh d`k v÷;{k cuk;k x;k Fkk\ rhukÍ gh Jsf.;kÍ ds`` iqjLd`kjkÍ d`k forj. vDVwcj eÍ fd`;k tk,xk\
Hkjrh; flusek txrΩ d`k loksZPp nknk lkgsc œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj izfl* ik'oZ xk;d` eUuk Ms d`ks iznku d`jus d`h ?ks".k lwpuk ,oa
izlkj. ea(k¥; us 30 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks d`h\ o"Z 2007 ds` bl iqjLd`kj ds` rgrΩ Lo.Z d`e¥ ds` lkƒ 10 ¥k[ :i, d`h jkfæ mUgÍ 21
vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ,d` lekjksg eÍ jkÆV_ifr }kjk iznku d`h tk,xh\
1943 eÍ ig¥h ckj fœ`Ye reUuk eÍ ik'oZ xk;d` ds` Ôi eÍ viuh vkokt nsus ok¥s eUuk Ms us 3500 ls vf|d` xhr fofHUu fœ`YekÍ ds` f¥,
xk, gß\ 1969 eÍ fœ`Ye esjs gqtwj ds` f¥, vkSj 1971 eÍ ckaX¥k fœ`Ye fuæh inΩek ds` f¥, jkÆV_h; iqjLd`kj mUgÍ iznku fd`;k x;k ƒk\ e÷; iznsæ
ljd`kj us mUgÍ 1985 eÍ ¥rk eaxsæd`j iqjLd`kj fn;k\ ik'oZxk;u ds` f¥, blds` v¥kok Hh vusd` iqjLd`kjkÍ ls mUgÍ lEekfur fd`;k x;k\ 1971
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^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/664
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'kkafrLoÔi HVukxj iqjLd`kj-2009 ?ks".k uoEcj 2008 eÍ d`h xbZ ƒh\
foKku d`h fofHUu 'kk[kvkÍ eÍ mY¥s[uh; ;ksxnku ds` f¥, ns'k ds` 11 pquÓnk oSKkfud`kÍ o"Z 2006 d`k ;g iqjLd`kj d`hfu;k
d`ks oSKkfud` ,oa vkS»ksfxd` vuqla|ku ifj"nΩ (CSIR) ds` o"Z 2009 ds` 'kkafrLoÔi HVukxj d`h i;kZoj.oknh oaxkjh eƒkbZ d`ks rƒk
iqjLd`kj ls lEekfur d`jus d`h ?ks".k ifj"nΩ ds` egkfuns'kd` MkW\ lehj cz©pkjh us 26 2007 d`k iqjLd`kj fc¥ ,≥M es¯¥Mk
flrEcj] 2009 d`ks] ifj"nΩ ds` 67oÍ LFkkiuk fnol ij d`h\ iqjLd`kj gsrq pqus x, oSKkfud`kÍ ds`
uke fuEuf¥f[r gß% xsVΩl œ`kmaMsæu d`ks fn;k x;k ƒk\
œ`kmaMsæu ds` f¥, 2007 d`k ;g iqjLd`kj
tho foKku%MkW\ vferkH tks'kh ·tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ lÍVj œ`kWj ,MokaLM lkbafVfœ`d` ekb∂`kslkWŒV ds` lglaLƒkid` fc¥ xsVΩl us
fjlpZ] cax¥kSj‚ o MkW\ HkLd`j lkgk ·us'ku¥ lÍVj œ`kWj lS¥ lkbal] iq.s‚\
25 tq¥kbZ] 2009 d`ks gh izkIr fd`;k ƒk\
jlk;u foKku%MkW\ pk:flrk pdz`orhZ ·vkbZvkbZVh] fnY¥h‚] MkW\ ukjk;.Lokeh t;jeu xf.r ds` ”s( eÍ mRd~`ÆV ;ksxnku
·bafM;u baLVhVΩ;wV vkWœ` lkbal] cax¥kSj‚
gsrq ‘lkL(k’ jkekuqtu iqjLd`kj (2009)%
i~Foh] okrkoj.] leqnz ,oa [xks¥ foKku%MkW\ ,l\ ds`\ lrh'k ·bafM;u baLVhVΩ;wV xf.r ds` ”s( eÍ mRd~`ÆV ;ksxnku ds` f¥,
vkWœ` lkbal] cax¥kSj‚ o"Z 2009 d`k ‘lkL(k’ jkekuqtu iqjLd`kj
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xksidq`ekj ·gjh'kpUnz fjlpZ baLVhVΩ;wV] b¥kgkckn‚ d`h ^ks\ dS`ƒjhu ¯czxeSu (Kathrin
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vkWœ` lkbal] cax¥kSj‚ 2009 d`ks] jkekuqtu ds` tUe fnol ij
xf.rh; foKku%MkW\ osukiY¥h lqjs'k ·gSnjkckn fo'ofo»k¥;] gSnjkckn‚ rfe¥ukMq eÍ dq`EHd`ks.e ·jkekuqtu d`k
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vc ik∑p ¥k[ :i, d`h jkf'k ^nku d`h tkrh gS\ laf”Ir thou eÍ gh egkuΩ mi¥fC|;k∑ izkIr
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(SASTRA) fo'ofo»k¥; }kjk Lƒkfir
gsrq bafnjk xka|h vUrjkZÆV_h; iqjLd`kj
(2008) %o"Z 2008 d`k ækafr] fu#æL(h- ;g iqjLd`kj 32 o"Z d`h vk;q rd` ds`
d`j. ,oa fod`kl gsrq bafnjk xka|h vUr- xf.rKkÍ d`ks gh fn;k tkrk gS\
jkZÆV_h; iqjLd`kj (Indira Gandhi Prize
for Peace, Disarmament and Deve- R;kxi«k@inP;qfr
lopment—2008) vUrjkZÆV_h; ijek.q (Resignation/Dismissal)
˜tkZ ,tÍlh (IAEA) ds` egkfunsæd`
eksgEen v¥cjnsbZ d`ks 30 flrEcj] 2009 vUrjkZÆV_h; ijek.q ˜tkZ ,tÍlh (IAEA) ds` leqnzh rwœ`ku ‘eksjkd`ksV’ ls fuiVus
d`ks jkÆV_ifr izfrHk ikfV¥ us ubZ fnY¥h eÍ egkfunsæd` eksgEen v¥cjnsbZ d`ks ækafr] eÍ foœ`¥rk ds` p¥rs rkboku ds` ^|ku-
^nku fd`;k\ bl iqjLd`kj ds` rgrΩ 25 fu#æL(hd`j. vkSj fod`kl ds` f¥, 2008 d`k ea(h f¥;q pkvks-f'k;qvku d`k R;kxi(%
¥k[ :i, d`h jkfæ iznku d`h tkrh gS\ bafnjk xka|h iqjLd`kj nsrÓ jkÆV_ifr izfrHk ikfV¥ vxLr 2009 eÍ rkboku ds` rVh; b¥kd`kÍ

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/665
eÍ Hkjh rckgh epkus ok¥s leqnzh rwœ`ku
eksjkd`ksV (Morakot) ls fuiVus eÍ ¥kij-
okgh cjrus ds` vkjksikÍ ds` i'pkrΩ rkboku
ds` iz|kuea(h f¥;q pkvks-fæ;qvku (Liu
Chao-Shiuan) us vius bl in ls 7
flrEcj] 2009 d`ks R;kxi( ns fn;k\ foxr
ik∑p næd`kÍ eÍ rkboku eÍ vk, bl lcls
Hh". rwœ`ku ‘eksjkd`ksV’ us 600 ls vf|d`
¥ksxkÍ d`ks ekSr ds` eq∑g eÍ igq∑pk fn;k ƒk\
l®kÔÈ< ikVhZ ds` egklfpo ow Msu-f;g
(Wu Den-Yih) d`ks ogk∑ u;k iz|kuea(h
cuk;k x;k gS\
fu/ku
(Death)
ukWjeu cksj¥kWx%gfjr dz`kfUr ds`
tud` vejhd`h d~`f" oSKkfud` ukWjeu
cksj¥kWx (Norman
Borlaug) d`k
12 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks
vejhd`k eÍ MY¥kl
(Dallas) eÍ fu|u gks
x;k\ og 95 o"Z ds`
Fks\ cksj¥kWx us vf|d`
ukWjeu cksj¥kWx mit nsus ok¥s ,sls
chtkÍ d`ks fod`flr fd`;k Fkk] ftuls
mRiknu cÈ<kd`j ¥sfVu vejhd`k o ,f'k;k
eÍ [k»kUu d`h d`eh d`ks nwj fd`;k tk ld`k
Fkk\ muds` bl ;ksxnku ds` f¥, 1970 eÍ
mUgÍ ukscs¥ 'kkafr iqjLd`kj fn;k x;k Fkk\
Hkjr ljd`kj us Hh mUgÍ ns'k d`k nwljk
cÈMk ukxfjd` lEeku inΩe foHw". 2006
eÍ nsd`j lEekfur fd`;k Fkk\ 1977 eÍ
^sthMÍf'k;¥ esM¥ vkWœ` œz`hMe o 2006 eÍ
d`kaxzslu¥ xksYM esM¥ mUgÍ ^nku fd`;k
x;k Fkk\ [k» ,oa d~`f" laxBu d`k fo'o
[k» iqjLd`kj muds` uke ij LFkkfir fd`;k
x;k Fkk\
ukWjeu cksj¥kWx ds` ^fr J*katf¥
O;Dr d`jrs gq, Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h MkW
euekssgu flag us d`gk fd` mud`h gfjr
dz`kafr rd`uhd` us Hkjr d`ks vukt ds`
xEHhj lad`V ls mckjus vkSj vUu mRiknu
eÍ vkRefuHZj gksus eÍ enn d`h Fkh\ ^|ku-
ea(h us d`gk fd` 1960 ds` n'kd` eÍ tc
Hkjr vukt ds` xEHhj lad`V ls tw> jgk
Fkk] cksj¥kWx }kjk fod`flr vf|d` iSnkokj
ok¥h œ`l¥kÍ us d~`f" eÍ dz`kafr ¥k nh ftlls
Hkjr vukt ds` eke¥s eÍ vkRefuHZj gks
ld`k Fkk\
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eq“;ea(h rFkk gfj;k.k o mÈMhlk ds` iwoZ
jkT;ik¥ gjpj. flag cjkj d`k 86 o"Z
d`h vk;q eÍ iatkc eÍ eqDrslj ft¥s eÍ
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da`V_ks¥ cksMZ (BCCI) ds` iwoZ v÷;{k jktflag
Mwaxjiqj d`k 12 flr-
Ecj] 2009 d`ks eqEcbZ
eÍ fu|u gks x;k\ og
73 o"Z ds ` Fks rFkk
og vfookfgr Fks\
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tUes jktflag Mwaxjiqj
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egkjko¥ ¥{e. flag ds` lcls NksVs iq(
Fks\ vius fe(kÍ eÍ ‘jktHkbZ’ ds` uke ls
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og 1990 ds` n'kd` eÍ rhu o"Z rd`
chlhlhvkbZ ds` v÷;{k jgs Fks\
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(Persons in the News)
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^|kuea(h ¥klZ ¥ksDds` jkleqlsu (Lars
Lokke Rasmussen) us flrEcj 2009 ds`
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Ôi eÍ d`k;ZHkj l∑Hk¥us ds` nks lIrkg ds`
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Lokxr ds` i'pkrΩ Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h MkW\
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gkml ·ubZ fnY¥h‚ eÍ 11 flrEcj d`ks gqbZ\
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2009 ds ` i;kZ o j.
uk;d`kÍ (Heroes of
Environment 2009)
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lwph eÍ usrkvkÍ] d`k;Z-
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ikBd` d`ks ‘oSKkfud`kÍ ,o uoizorZd`kÍ’ eÍ
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lqeu 'kekZ us vxLr 2009 eÍ Ôl eÍ
ekWLd`ks ls ¥xHx 40 fd`eh nwj tqd`ksOld`h
(Zhukovsky) eÍ lEiUu ,d` ,;j 'kks eÍ
¥ÈMkdw` foeku lq[ksbZ 30 ,eds`vkbZ mÈMkd`j
bfrgkl jpk\ lq[ksbZ foeku mÈMkus ok¥h
og fo'o d`h ig¥h efg¥k cuh gß\ lqeu
us blls iwoZ œ`jojh 2009 eÍ cax¥kSj eÍ
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14 flrEcj%fgUnh fnol
15 flrEcj%vfH;Urk fnol
15 flrEcj%lapf;d`k fnol
16 flrEcj%vkstksu ijr laj{k.
fnol
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n ¥kWLV flEc¥ (The Lost
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·Mku czkmu d`h blls fiN¥h iqLrd`
The Da Vinci Code vR;f|d` fookfnr
gks xbZ Fkh‚
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and Global Crisis) % 'kad`j vkpk;Z
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Sudoku of India’s Growth)
%vj¯on fojekuh
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eÍ 3 ekg d`h o~f* flrEcj 2009 eÍ d`h gS\
uoEcj 2007 eÍ xfBr bl vk;ksx d`k d`k;Z-
d`k¥ 31 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` Fkk] ftls
cÈ<kd`j vc 31 tuojh] 2010 fd`;k x;k gS\
13 oÍ fo® vk;ksx d`h flœ`kfj'kÍ 1 v^S ¥ ]
2010 ls 31 ekpZ] 2015 rd` d`h vof| ds`
f¥, gkÍxh\
lEesyu
(Conferences)
vkBok∑ ^oklh Hkjrh; fnol lEes¥u
tuojh 2010 eÍ ubZ fnY¥h eÍ%vkBok∑ 'kfu ij p¥ jgh vk∑|h] lkSje≥M¥
^oklh Hkjrh; fnol lEes¥u 7–9 tuojh] eÍ lcls ¥Ecs le; rd` p¥h vk∑|h%lkSj-
2010 d`ks ubZ fnY¥h eÍ gksxk\ ^|kuea(h e≥M¥ d`k fo'kk¥ xzg 'kfu (Saturn) ,d`
MkW \ eueks g u fla g bld`k mnΩ ? kVu
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/667
8 tuojh d`ks d`jÍxs\ 9 tuojh d`ks lekiu
lekjksg d`ks jkÆV_ifr ^frHk ikfV¥ lEcksf|r
d`jÍxh\ fons'kkÍ eÍ fof'kÆV igpku cukus
ok¥s Hkjrh; ew¥ d`h pquÓnk gfLr;kÍ d`ks
^oklh Hkjrh; fnol lEeku jkÆV_ifr }kjk
lekiu lekjksg eÍ ^nku fd`;k tk,xk\
MCY;wVhvks d`k feuh eaf(Lrjh;
lEes¥u%fo'o O;kikj laxBu (WTO) d`h
nksgk nkSj d`h okrkZ eÍ tq¥kbZ 2008 ls vk,
xfrjks| d`ks nwj d`jus ds` f¥, laxBu ds`
^eq[ lnL;kÍ ds` O;kikj eaf(;kÍ d`k lEes¥u
3-4 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks ubZ fnY¥h eÍ
lEiUu gqvk\ vejhd`k] phu] czkth¥ o
;wjksih; la? lfgr 35 ns'kkÍ ds` O;kikj
eaf(;kÍ us Hkjrh; okf.T; ,oa m»ksx ea(h
vkuan 'kekZ `d`h estckuh eÍ vk;ksftr bl
lEes¥u eÍ Hkx f¥;k\ MCY;wVhvks ds`
egkfuns'kd` ikLd`¥ ¥keh Hh bl lEes¥u
eÍ mifLFkr jgs\ bl lEes¥u eÍ gqbZ
lgefr ds` p¥rs gh 14 ekg ls vo:`*
nksgk nkSj d`h okrkZ ckn eÍ 14 flrEcj]
2009 ls tsusok eÍ iqu# 'kqÔ gks ld`h\
vUrjkZÆV_h; tula“;k lEes¥u%26ok∑
vUrjkZÆV_h; tula“;k lEes¥u eksjDd`ks ds`
ejkds`æ ægj eÍ 27 flrEcj–2 vDVwcj]
2009 d`ks lEiUu gqvk\
nq?kZVuk,a
(Accidents)
ok;q lsuk d`k fex foeku nq?ZVuk-
xzLr%Hkjrh; ,oa ok;q lsuk d`k ,d` fex-
21 foeku 10 flrEcj 2009 d`ks iatkc eÍ
HfVaMk ds` fud`V nq?ZVukxzLr gqvk\ bl
nq?ZVuk eÍ foeku pk¥d` d`h Hh e~R;q gqbZ\
;g foeku nq?ZVuk bl o"Z d`h fex foekukÍ
d`h pkSFkh nq?ZVuk Fkh\
ds`rlkuk rwœ`ku ls fœ`¥hiÓl ds`
rVh; {ks(kÍ eÍ gtkjkÍ cs?j%fœ`¥hiÓl d`h
jkt|kuh euh¥k o fud`VorhZ rVh; {ks(
25 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks ds`rlkuk (Ketsana)
rwœ`ku d`h pisV eÍ jgs\ rwœ`kuh gokvkÍ ds`
lkFk Hkjh o"kZ ls ckÈ< tSlh fLFkfr
^Hkfor {ks(kÍ eÍ cu xbZ] ftleÍ 200 ls
vf|d` ¥ksx ekjs x, rFkk gtkjkÍ cs?j gks
x,\ rwœ`ku ls lokZf|d` {kfr euh¥k ds`
iwoZ eÍ fLFkr fjt¥ ^kar eÍ gqbZ\
vUrfj{k
(Space)
æs" i~ÆB 790 ij

,FkysfVDl
fo'o ,ƒ¥sfVDl œ`kbu¥%o"Z 2009
d`h vfUre cÈMh ,ƒ¥sfVd` ehV-fo'o
,ƒ¥sfVDl œ`kbu¥ (World Athletics
Final) flrEcj 2009 eÍ ;w u ku eÍ
ƒslk¥ksfud`h (Thessaloniki) eÍ 13-14
flrEcj] 2009 d`ks lEiUu gqbZ\ fo'o ds`
lcls rst |kod` mlsu cksYV us bl ehV
d`h 100 eh Li*kZ eÍ Hkx ugÓ f¥;k\ 200
eh eÍ Lo.Z ind` teSd`k ds` mlsu cksYV
·19·68 lsd`≥M‚ us thrk\ iq:"kÍ d`h 100
eh nkSÈM vejhd`k ds` Vk;lu xs ·9·88
lsd`≥M‚ o efg¥kvkÍ d`h ;g nkSÈM vejhd`k
d`h gh d`kesZf¥Vk tsVj (Carmelita Jeter,
10·67 lsd`≥M‚ us thrh\ efg¥kvkÍ d`h
400 eh nkSÈM eÍ vejhd`k d`h lkU;k fjpMΩlZ
·49·95 lsd`≥M‚ fotsrk jgÓ] tcfd` iks¥
okYV f[rkc Ôl d`h ;s¥suk bfluck;sok
us thrk\
cf¥Zu eSjkƒu eÍ u;k fo'o fjd`kWMZ
cukus ls pwds` xSczsfl¥klh%eSjkƒu nkSÈM eÍ
fo'o fjd`kWMZ|kjh gS¥s xSczsfl¥klh ·bƒksfi;k‚
20 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks cf¥Zu eSjkƒu nkSÈM
eÍ fotsrk jgs\ 36 o"hZ; xSczsfl¥klh us ;g
nkSÈM 2 ?≥Vs] 6 feuV] 8 lsd`≥M eÍ iwjh d`h\
gS¥s xSczsfl¥klh
2008 eÍ 2 ?≥Vs 3 feuV 59 lsd`≥M
eÍ 42·195 fd`eh d`h ;g nkSÈM iwjh d`jds`
u;k fo'o fjd`kWMZ xSczsfl¥klh us cuk;k
ƒk\ 20 flrEcj] 2009 d`h bl o"Z d`h
nkSÈM eÍ d`hfu;k ds` œz`kafll fd`ijksi 2 ?≥Vs
7 feuV vkSj 4 lsd`≥M ds` lkƒ nwljs rƒk
bƒksfi;k ds` usxkjh rsjœ`k 2 ?≥Vs 7 feuV
vkSj 41 lsd`≥M ds` lkƒ rhljs Lƒku ij
jgs\ efg¥kvkÍ d`k f[rkc bƒksfi;k d`h
,lsns gCrkew cslq;s us 2 ?≥Vs 24 feuV
vkSj 47 lsd`≥M eÍ nkSÈM iwjh d`jds` thrk\
bfluck;sok d`k iks¥ okYV eÍ iqu#
u;k fo'o fjd`kWMZ%fjd`kWMksÛ d`h jkuh ;s¥suk
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/668
fotÍnj flag d`k eqDds`cktkÍ d`h
fo'o jßfda`x eÍ æh"Z Lƒku
chftax vks¥fEid` ds` ckn flrEcj
2009 eÍ bV¥h eÍ fe¥ku eÍ fo'o eqDds`ckth
pSfEi;ufæi eÍ d`kaL;
ind` thrus ok¥s
Hkjrh; eqDds`ckt
fotÍnj flag vc
fefM¥osV oxZ · 75
fd`xzk‚ eÍ fo'o ds`
uEcj ,d` eqDds`ckt
fotÍnj flag flrEcj 2009 eÍ gks
x, gß\ 23 o"hZ; fotÍnj d`k vUrjkZÆV_h;
eqDds`ckth la? (AIBA) d`h fo'o jßfda`x eÍ
fefM¥osV ·75 fd`xzk‚ oxZ eÍ vxLr 2009 eÍ
nwljk Lƒku ƒk] tks flrEcj 2009 ds` vUr
eÍ ,d` gks x;k gS\ eqDds`ckth eÍ fd`lh Hh
oxZ eÍ æh"Z jßfda`x izkIr d`jus ok¥s og
Hkjr ds` ig¥s eqDds`ckt gß\
;s¥suk bfluck;sok fcfy;MZ ,oa Luwdj
bfluck;sok us iks¥ okYV eÍ ubZ ˜∑pkb;k∑
Nwus d`k dz`e tkjh j[rs gq, 20 flrEcj] iad`t vkMok.h d`k fo'o isæsoj
2009 d`ks æa?kbZ xksYMu xzka\ izh\ eÍ ,d` fcf¥;MΩlZ pSfEi;ufæi eÍ f[rkc%Hkjr
ckj iqu# u;k fo'o fjd`kWMZ cuk;k\ efg¥k ds` iad`t vkMok.h us 6 flrEcj] 2009
iks¥ okYV eÍ 5·07 ehVj d`h ˜∑pkbZ ukid`j d`ks bax¥S≥M eÍ ¥hMΩl eÍ fo'o isæsoj
mUgkÍus ;g u;k fjd`kWMZ cuk;k\ blls ig¥s fcf¥;MΩlZ pSfEi;ufæi d`k f[rkc thrk\
d`k fjd`kWMZ mUgÓ ds` uke ij 5·06 ehVj 9 ckj ds` fo'o pSfEi;u ekbd` jls¥ d`ks
d`k ƒk] tks mUgkÍus vxLr 2009 eÍ T;wfj[ œ`kbu¥ eÍ gjkd`j vkMok.h us bl VwukZeÍV
eÍ xksYMu ¥hx eÍ cuk;k ƒk\ eÍ cÈMk m¥Vœs`j fd`;k\ iwoZ o"ksÛ eÍ fo'o
,esP;ksj fcf¥;MΩlZ ,oa Luwd`j f[rkc ds`
fotsrk iad`t vkMok.h ;g f[rkc thrus
ok¥s xhr ls B h ds ` ckn nwljs Hkjrh; gß\
xhr lsBh us 1992 eÍ ig¥h ckj ;g f[rkc
fo'o eqDds`ckth eÍ fotÍnj flag d`ks thrk ƒk\
d`kaL; ind`%flrEcj 2009 eÍ bV¥h eÍ
fe¥ku eÍ fo'o eqDds`ckth pSfEi;ufæi eÍ
Hkjr ds` vks¥fEid` d`kaL; ind` fotsrk
fotÍnj flag fefM¥osV oxZ eÍ d`kaL; ind`
thrus eÍ lœ`¥ jgs\ fo'o pSfEi;ufæi eÍ
d`ksbZ ind` thrus ok¥s og ig¥s Hkjrh;
eqDds`ckt gß\
fotÍnj d`k ijlsIV ds` lkƒ iad`t vkMok.h
vuqca|%Hkjr ds` vks¥fEid` d`kaL; ind` 24 o"hZ ; ia d`t vkMok.h d`h mi;qZDr
fotsrk eqDds`ckt fotÍnj flag vc eqEcbZ mi¥fC| ij mUgÍ c|kbZ nsus ok¥kÍ eÍ
d`h ,d` [s¥ izcU|u d`Eiuh ijlsIV Mh jkÆV_ i fr ^frHk ikfV¥ o ^|kuea(h MkW\
ekdZ` ds` czkaM ,EcslMj gks x, gß\ ijlsIV eueks g u ¯lg Hh ækfe¥ ƒs\
ds` lkƒ 5 d`jksÈM :i, d`k ;g vuqcU| fcf¥;MΩlZ o Luwd`j eÍ fofæÆV
mUgkÍus flrEcj 2009 eÍ fd`;k gS\ m|j] mi¥fC|;kÍ ds` p¥rs iad`t vkMok.h d`ks
,d` vU; [s¥ izcU|u d`Eiuh bfUœ`fuVh 2004 eÍ vtqZu iqjLd`kj ls] 2006 eÍ
vkWfIVe¥ lfoZlst (IOS) us ;g nkok jktho xka|h [s¥jRu iqjLd`kj ls rƒk
fd`;k gS fd` fotsUnj us mlds` lkƒ 10 o"Z 2009 eÍ inΩeJh ls lEekfur fd`;k tk
d`k vuqcU| 2005 eÍ gh fd`;k gqvk gS\ pqd`k gS\
vkbZvks,l ds` bl nkos ls rhukÍ i{kkÍ ds` jkÆV_h; pSfEi;ufæi%flrEcj 2009
e÷; fookn d`h fLƒfr mRiUu gks xbZ gS\ eÍ vkxjk eÍ lEiUu 76oÓ jkÆV_h; fcf¥;MΩlZ
pSfEi;ufæi d`k f[rkc fo'o fcf¥;MΩlZ eÍ Jh¥ad`k ds` fo:* izsenklk LVsfM;e ij usgjk us 11 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks d`ks¥Ecks eÍ
pSfEi;u iad`t vkMok.h us thrk\ vius [s¥rs gq, cuk;k\ d`kWEiSd` d`i ds` œ`kbu¥ U;wth¥S≥M ds` czßMu eSd`dq`¥e d`k f¥;k\
bl pkSƒs ·¥xkrkj rhljs‚ jkÆV_h; f[rkc eSp eÍ 133 xÍnkÍ ij 10 pkSd`kÍ o 1 NDds` ,d`fnolh; vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V eÍ 100 ;k
ds` f¥, iwoZ fo'o pSfEi;u xhr lsBh d`ks lfgr dq`¥ 138 ju d`h ikjh lfpu us vf|d` fods`V ¥sus ok¥s og Hkjr ds` 13oÍ
œ`kbu¥ eÍ vkMok.h us ijkftr fd`;k\ [s¥h\ blls vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V eÍ muds` xÍnckt gß\ bu lHh xÍncktkÍ d`h lwph
ærd`kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k 86 ·42 VsLV ærd`kÍ fuEuf¥f[r gS%
lfgr‚ gks xbZ gS\ 100 ;k vf|d` fods`V ¥sus ok¥s
Hkjrh; xÍnckt
Hkjr-Jh¥ad`k-U;wth¥S≥M f(d`ks.h; (11 flrEcj] 2009 d`h fLƒfr‚
Δk~a[¥k ·d`kWEiSd` d`i‚%Jh¥ad`k eÍ flrEcj xÍnckt eSp fods`V
2009 eÍ [s¥h xbZ ,d`fnolh; vUrjkZÆV_h; vfu¥ dq`Ec¥s 269 334
fdz`ds`V d`h ;g f(d`ks.h; Δk~a[¥k Jh¥ad`k tokx¥ Jhukƒ 229 315
d`ks œ`kbu¥ eÍ 46 jukÍ ls gjkd`j Hkjr us vftr vxjd`j 191 288
thrh\ 14 flrEcj d`ks [s¥s x, œ`kbu¥ eÍ d`fi¥ nso 225 253
ærd`h; ikjh [s¥us ok¥s lfpu rÍnq¥d`j tghj [ku 156 212
d`ks ‘eSu vkWœ` n eSp’ ds` lkƒ-lkƒ ‘eSu gjHtu flag 188 206
vkWœ` n lhfjt’ d`k iqjLd`kj Hh fn;k x;k\ oÍds`Vsæ izlkn 161 196
d`kWEiSd` d`i f(d`ks.h; Δk~a[¥k eÍ eukst izHkd`j 130 157
Hkjr d`h ;g f[rkch fot; 1998 ds` ckn lfpu rÍnq¥d`j # ,d`fnolh; vUrjkZÆV_h; lfpu rÍnq¥d`j 426 154
Jh¥ad`k eÍ Hkjr d`h d`ksbZ Δk~a[¥k fot; fdz`ds`V eÍ 44 ærd` bjœ`ku iBku 107 152
gS\ jfo ækL(h 150 129
,d`fnolh; vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V eÍ lkSjo xkaxq¥h 308 100
,d`fnolh; vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V eÍ vkæh" usgjk d`k lkSok∑ fods`V%Hkjr ds` vkæh" usgjk 77 100
lfpu rÍnq¥d`j d`k 44ok∑ ærd`%Hkjr ck,a gkƒ ds` rst xÍnckt vkæh" usgjk us
ds` LVkj cY¥sckt lfpu rÍnq¥d`j us ,d`fnolh; vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V eÍ vius VΩoÍVh- 2 0 vUrjkZ Æ V_ h ; fdz ` ds ` V eÍ
,d`fnolh; vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V eÍ viuk fods`VkÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k lkS ls vf|d` d`j nwljh gSfV_d`%U;wth¥S≥M ds` tSd`c vksje
44ok∑ ærd` 14 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks d`ks¥Ecks ¥h gS\ ,sls eSpkÍ eÍ viuk lkSok∑ fods`V VΩoÍVh-20 vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V eÍ gSfV_d`

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/669
cukus ok¥s nwljs xÍnckt cus gß\ vksje us
2 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks d`ks¥Ecks eÍ Jh¥ad`k
ds` fo:* VΩoÍVh-20 eSp eÍ ¥xkrkj rhu
xÍnkÍ ij rhu f[¥kfÈM;kÍ ·,ats¥ks eSF;wt]
uqoku dq`¥lsd`jk o ef¥axk caMkjk‚ d`ks
vkmV d`j ;g mi¥fC| izkIr d`h\
VΩoÍVh-20 vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V eÍ ig¥h
gSfV_d` vkLV_sf¥;k ds` czsV ¥h us 16 flrEcj]
2007 d`ks n\ vœz`hd`k eÍ ds`iVkmu eÍ fo'o
d`i ds` ,d` eSp eÍ ckaX¥knsæ ds` rhu
f[¥kfÈM;kÍ ·ld`hcq¥ glu] eqæjZœ` eqrZtk
o vk¥ksd` d`ik¥h‚ d`ks ¥xkrkj rhu xÍnkÍ
ij vkmV d`j cukbZ ƒh\
mY¥s[uh; gS fd` VsLV fdz`ds`V eÍ 37
o ,d`fnolh; vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V eÍ dq`¥
25 gSfV_Dl flrEcj 2009 ds` vUr rd`
cuh ƒh\
,d`fnolh; vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V
vkbZlhlh jßfda`x eÍ ,d` fnu æh"Z ij
jgk Hkjr%Hkjr d`ks ,d`fnolh;
vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V d`h vkbZlhlh d`h fo'o
jßfda`x eÍ æh"Z ij jgus d`k Js; vUrr#
fe¥ gh x;k] fd`Urq bl Lƒku ij og
ds`o¥ ,d` fnu gh jg ld`k\ 11 flrEcj]
2009 d`ks d`ks¥Ecks eÍ f(d`ks.h; fdz`ds`V
Δk~a[¥k eÍ U;wth¥S≥M ds` fo:* fot; ds`
ckn Hkjr us n\ vœz`hd`k d`ks vinLƒ d`j
fo'o jßfda`x eÍ ig¥k Lƒku izkIr d`j f¥;k
ƒk\ 2002 eÍ ou Ms fdz`ds`V eÍ fo'o jßfda`x
d`h O;oLƒk æqÔ gksus ds` ckn ;g ig¥k gh
volj ƒk] tc Hkjr d`ks æh"Z Lƒku bleÍ
izkIr gqvk ƒk] fd`Urq vx¥s gh fnu 12
flrEcj d`ks Jh¥ad`k ls ijkt; ds` ckn
Hkjr d`h ;g jßfda`x 3 gks xbZ\ bl izd`kj
Hkjr d`ks fæ[j ij jgus d`k volj
ds`o¥ ,d` fnu gh izkIr jgk\ j߯d`x d`h
bl fLƒfr eÍ rsth ds` lkƒ œs`jcn¥ ckn
eÍ gksrk jgk gS\
Hkjrh; fdz`ds`V da`V_ks¥ cksMZ
(BCCI) d`k ig¥k d`kWiksZjsV
V_kWœ`h
d`kWiksZjsV V_kWœ`h fdz`ds`V VwukZesUV flrEcj
2009 eÍ fofHUu ægjkÍ eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k
x;k\ 8 flrEcj d`ks ,;j bf≥M;k jsM us
cax¥kSj eÍ ,;j bf≥M;k CY;w d`ks œ`kbu¥ eÍ
93 jukÍ ls gjkd`j ;g VwukZesUV thrk\ bl
VwukZesUV eÍ ,;j bf≥M;k jsM d`h Vhe ds`
d`Irku ;qojkt flag o ,;j bf≥M;k CY;w ds`
d`Irku egsUnz flag |ksuh ƒs\ ,d`fnolh;
fdz`ds`V eÍ chlhlhvkbZ ds` bl ig¥s lgkjk
d`kWiksZjsV V_kWœ`h VwukZesUV ds` œ`kbu¥ eÍ Lƒku
cukus ds ` f¥, ,;j bf≥M;k jS M us
vks,uthlh d`ks cax¥kSj eÍ rƒk ,;j bf≥M;k
CY;w us VkVk LiksVΩlZ D¥c d`ks eksgk¥h eÍ
lsehœ`kbu¥ eSpkÍ eÍ ijkftr fd`;k ƒk\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/670
nlok∑ ,fæ;k d`i f∂`ds`V VwukZeÍV œ`kbu¥ eÍ 2–0 ls gjkd`j thrk\ pfpZ¥
twu 2010 eÍ%f∂`ds`V d`k vkxkeh (10ok∑‚ cznlZ d`k ;g ig¥k gh vkbZ,œ`, æhYM
,fæ;k d`i 15–25 twu] 2010 d`ks f[rkc gS] tcfd` eksgu cxku us 22 ckj
vk;ksftr fd`;k tk,xk\ ,fæ;kbZ f∂`ds`V bls thrk ƒk\
ifj"nΩ (ACC) us ;g ?ks".k 11 flrEcj] MwjaM d`i%vkbZ,œ`, æhYM thrus ds`
2009 d`ks d`h gS\ VwukZeÍV ds` vk;kstu 10 fnu ckn gh pfpZ¥ cznlZ us MwjaM d`i
Lƒ¥ d`h ?ks".k vHh ugÓ d`h xbZ gS\ bl eÍ Hh f[rkch fot; 22 flrEcj] 2009
VwukZeÍV eÍ Hkjr] ikfd`Lrku] Jh¥ad`k o d`ks gkfl¥ d`h\ pfpZ¥ cznlZ us ;g
ckaX¥knsæ d`h VheÍ Hkx ¥Íxh rƒk dq`¥ 7 VwukZesUV Hh œ`kbu¥ eÍ eksgu cxku d`ks gh
eSp bleÍ [s¥s tk,axs\ 3–1 ls gjkd`j thrk\ fotsrk Vhe ds` f¥,
blls iwoZ ukSoÍ ,fæ;k d`i d`k vk;kstu rhukÍ gh xks¥ d`Irku vksd`ks¥h vksMkœs`
twu-tq¥kbZ 2008 eÍ ikfd`Lrku eÍ gqvk ƒk\ (Okolie Odafe) us fd`,\ vksMkœs` d`h ;g
Hkjr d`ks œ`kbu¥ eÍ gjkd`j Jh¥ad`k us gSfV_d` bl VwukZesUV eÍ ,d`ek( gSfV_d` ƒh\
;g VwukZeÍV thrk ƒk\ ;g rhukÍ gh xks¥ vksMkœs` us vfrfjDr
ujsUnz eksnh xqtjkr fdz`ds`V le; eÍ 9 feuV ds` vUrjk¥ eÍ fd`, ƒs\
,lksfl,æu ds` v÷;{k%æjn iokj o Hkjr d`k ;g lcls iqjkuk œq`Vck¥
v:. tsV¥h ds` ckn vc xqtjkr ds` VwukZesUV pfpZ¥ cznlZ us nwljh ckj thrk
eq“;ea(h ujsUnz eksnh Hh vc fdz`ds`V gS] tcfd` eksgu cxku d`h Vhe 16 ckj
izæklu eÍ izosæ d`j x, gß\ 15 flrEcj]
bld`h fotsrk jgh gS\ pfpZ¥ cznlZ us
2009 d`ks vgenkckn eÍ lEiUu pquko eÍ fiN¥h ckj 2007 eÍ ;g VwukZesUV thrk
mUgÍ xqtjkr fdz`ds`V ,lksfl,æu (GCA)
ƒk\
d`k v÷;{k fufoZjks| pquk x;k gS\ xqtjkr
ds` x~g ea(h vfer ækg ,lksfl,æu ds`
mik÷;{k pqus x, gß\
ikfd`Lrku us fo'o d`i ds` vk;kstd`
d`k ntkZ NksÈMk%ikfd`Lrku vc fo'o d`i- ;wjksih; pSfEi;ufæi%uhnj¥S≥MΩl eÍ
,Elr¥ohu eÍ vxLr 2009 eÍ lEiUu
2011 ds` vk;kstd` jkÆV_kÍ eÍ ækfe¥ ugÓ
;wjksih; gkWd`h pSfEi;fuæi eÍ iq:" o
gS\ ,d`fnolh; fdz`ds`V ds` bl fo'o d`i
efg¥k o"Z ds` f[rkc dz`eæ# bax¥S≥M o
d`k vk;kstu vc ds`o¥ Hkjr] Jh¥ad`k o
uhnj¥S≥MΩl us thrs\ iq:"kÍ ds` f[rkc ds`
ckaX¥knsæ gh d`jÍxs\ vUrjkZÆV_h; fdz`ds`V
f¥, vks¥fEid` ,oa fo'o pSfEi;u teZuh
ifj"nΩ (ICC) o ikfd`Lrkuh fdz`ds`V cksMZ
d`ks œ`kbu¥ eÍ 5–3 ls bax¥S≥M us gjk;k]
(PCB) ds` chp xr vxLr ekg eÍ gqbZ ,d`
tcfd` efg¥kvkÍ d`k f[rkc uhnj¥S≥MΩl
lgefr ds` rgrΩ eSpkÍ d`k vk;kstu u
us œ`kbu¥ eÍ teZuh d`ks gh gjkd`j thrk\
d`jus ds` ckotwn vk;kstu æqYd` ds` lkƒ
gh leqfpr eqvkotk mls vkbZlhlh }kjk
fn;k tk,xk] fd`Urq VwukZesUV ds` vk;kstu
d`k d`ksbZ nkf;Ro ml ij ugÓ gksxk\ bl
VwukZesUV ds` nkSjku [s¥s tkus ok¥s dq`¥ vejhd`h vksiu-2009%o"Z 2009 ds`
49 eSpkÍ eÍ ls 29 eSp vc Hkjr eÍ [s¥s vfUre xzkaM L¥Se VwukZesUV vejhd`h vksiu
tk,axs] tcfd` 12 eSp Jh¥ad`k eÍ o 8
eSp ckaX¥knsæ eÍ gkÍxs\
vkLV_sf¥;k-bax¥S≥M Δk~a[¥k%bax¥S≥M
ds` nkSjs ij fjd`h ikÍfVax ds` usr~Ro ok¥h
vkLV_sf¥;kbZ fdz`ds`V Vhe us lkr ,d`-
fnolh; eSpkÍ d`h Δk~a[¥k flrEcj 2009 eÍ
[s¥h\ bl Δk~a[¥k d`k vfUre eSp gh
bax¥S≥M d`h Vhe thr ld`h\ ig¥s Ng
eSpkÍ eÍ fot; ds` p¥rs vkLV_sf¥;k us ;g
Δk~a[¥k 6–1 ls thrh\
QqVcky
vkbZ,œ`, æhYM% 12 flrEcj] 2009 Ms¥ iks(ks iq:`" ,d`¥ V_kWœ`h ds` lkƒ
d`ks d`ks¥d`krk eÍ pfpZ¥ cznlZ us vkbZ,œ`, eÍ iq:"kÍ o efg¥kvkÍ] nksukÍ gh oxksÛ d`h
æhYM œq`Vck¥ VwukZesUV eksgu cxku d`ks ,d`¥ Li*kZvkÍ ds` cÈMs m¥Vœs`j vfUre
eqd`kc¥kÍ eÍ gq,\ nksukÍ gh oxksÛ eÍ |qja|j o ;kfuuk fod`es;j ·csfYt;e‚ d`ks lseh-
æh"Z ojh;rk izkIr f[¥kÈMh fuEu ojh; œ`kbu¥ eÍ gjkd`j œ`kbu¥ eÍ igq∑ph ƒh\
f[¥kfÈM;kÍ ls ijkftr gq,\ iq:`"kÍ d`h 12 flrEcj d`ks [s¥s x, œ`kbu¥ eqd`kc¥s
,d`¥ Li*kZ eÍ vtsZUVhuk ds` tqvku ekfVZu eÍ okstfu;kd`h d`ks 7–5, 6–3 ls gjkd`j
Ms¥ iks(ks (Juan Martin del Potro) us fd`e fD¥LVlZ us ;g f[rkc thrk\ ‘d`e
fjd`kWMZ 15 xzkaM L¥Se ,d`¥ f[rkckÍ ds` cSd` Dohu’ fD¥LVlZ `d`k ;g nwljk xzk≥M
fotsrk fo'o ds` uEcj ,d` f[¥kÈMh jkstj
œs`Mjj ·fLoVΩtj¥S≥M‚ d`ks œ`kbu¥ eÍ
3–6, 7–6, 4–6, 7–6, 6–2 ls ijkftr d`j
viuk ig¥k gh xzkaM L¥Se ,d`¥ f[rkc
thrk\ NBh ojh;rk izkIr iks(ks us œ`kbu¥
eÍ Lƒku cukus ds` f¥, rhljh ojh;rk
izkIr jkœs`¥ uMk¥ d`ks ijkftr fd`;k ƒk]
tcfd` foxr ¥xkrkj ik∑p o"ksÛ eÍ vejhd`h
vksiu ds` fotsrk jgs œs`Mjj us lfcZ;k ds`
uksokd` tksd`ksfop d`ks lsehœ`kbu¥ eÍ
ijkftr fd`;k ƒk\
efg¥kvkÍ d`h ,d`¥ Li*kZ eÍ œ`kbu¥
eqd`kc¥k csfYt;e d`h ‘d`e cSd` Dohu’
fd`e fD¥LVlZ (Kim Clijsters) o MsuekdZ` fd`e fD¥LVlZ efg¥k ,d`¥ V_kWœ`h ds` lkƒ
d`h Vhu ,tj dS ` jks f ¥u oks t fu;kd`h L¥Se ,d`¥ f[rkc gS\ blls iwoZ 2005 eÍ
(Caroline Wozniacki) ds` chp ƒk] tks vejhd`h vksiu f[rkc gh fD¥LVlZ us
dz`eæ# lsjsuk fof¥;El ·vejhd`k‚ o thrk ƒk\ 27 ekg iwoZ Vsful ls laU;kl
f¥,aMj isl o ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh d`h tksÈMh us thrk vejhd`h vksiu
Vsful–2009 d`k iq:`"kÍ d`k ;qx¥ f[rkc
U;w;kWdZ` eÍ vejhd`h vksiu Vsful–2009 d`k iq:"kÍ d`k ;qx¥ f[rkc Hkjr ds` f¥,aMj
isl o pSd` x.jkT; ds` ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh (Lukas Dlouhy) d`h tksÈMh us thrk\ 13 flrEcj d`ks
[s¥s x, œ`kbu¥ eqd`kc¥s eÍ Hkjr ds` gh egsæ Hwifr o cgkekl ds` ekdZ` uksYl d`h tksÈMh d`ks
œ`kbu¥ eÍ isl-M¥ksgh d`h tksÈMh us ijkftr
fd`;k\ bl o"Z vejhd`h vksiu eÍ d`kjk C¥Sd` ds`
lkƒ tksÈMh cukd`j f¥,aMj isl fefJr ;qx¥
Li*kZ eÍ Hh œ`kbu¥ eÍ igq∑p x, ƒs tgk∑ d`k¥hZ
xqf¥d`lu o V_sfol isjksV d`h vejhd`h tksÈMh ds`
le” ijkt; d`k eq∑g mUgÍ ns[uk iÈMk ƒk\
vejhd`h vksiu–2009 eÍ f¥,aMj isl–
¥qd`kl M¥ksgh d`h tksÈMh d`k bl o"Z d`k ;g
nwljk xzk≥M L¥Se ;qx¥ f[rkc gS\ blh o"Z
twu 2009 eÍ œz`kalhlh vksiu Vsful eÍ Hh
f¥,aMj isl vius tksÈMhnkj ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh ds` iq:"kÍ d`k ;qx¥ f[rkc bl tksÈMh us thrk ƒk\
lkƒ ;w,l vksiu iq:`" McYl V_kWœ`h ds` lkƒ xzk≥M L¥Se Vsful eÍ f¥,aMj isl d`k ;g 10ok∑
;qx¥ f[rkc gS\ muds` bu 10 f[rkckÍ eÍ 6 iq:" ;qx¥ o 4 fefJr ;qx¥ ækfe¥ gß\ f[rkckÍ
d`h lwph fuEuf¥f[r gS%
xzk≥M L¥Se Vsful eÍ f¥,aMj isl ds` ;qx¥ f[rkc
o"Z VwukZesUV Li*kZ tksÈMhnkj
1999 foEc¥Mu iq:" ;qx¥ egsæ Hwifr
1999 foEc¥Mu fefJr ;qx¥ ¥htk jse≥M
1999 œz`kalhlh vksiu iq:" ;qx¥ egsæ Hwifr
2001 œz`kalhlh vksiu iq:" ;qx¥ egsæ Hwifr
2003 vkLVs_f¥;kbZ vksiu fefJr ;qx¥ ekfVZuk uojkfr¥ksok
2003 foEc¥Mu fefJr ;qx¥ ekfVZuk uojkfr¥ksok
2006 vejhd`h vksiu iq:" ;qx¥ ekfVZu MSe ·pSd` x.jkT;‚
2008 vejhd`h vksiu fefJr ;qx¥ d`kjk C¥Sd` ·ftEckCos‚
2009 ≠`kalhlh vksiu iq:" ;qx¥ ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh ·pSd` x.jkT;‚
2009 vejhd`h vksiu iq:" ;qx¥ ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh ·pSd` x.jkT;‚

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/671
 rF; ,d` n~fÆV eÍ%
2009 d`h xzkaM L¥Se Li*kZvkÍ eÍ fotsrkvkÍ ,oa mifotsrkvkÍ ds` uke # ,d` n~fÆV eÍ
vkLV_sf¥;kbZ vksiu œz`kalhlh vksiu foEc¥Mu vejhd`h vksiu
Li*kZ ·tuojh 2009‚ ·ebZ-twu 2009‚ ·twu-tq¥kbZ 2009‚ ·flrEcj 2009‚
fotsrk jkœs`¥ uMk¥ ·Lisu‚ jkstj œs`Mjj ·fLoVΩtj- jkstj œs`Mjj ·fLoVΩtj- tqvku ekfVZu Ms¥ iks(ks
iq:`" ,d`¥ ¥S≥M‚ ¥S≥M‚ ·vtsZUVhuk‚
mifotsrk jkstj œs`Mjj ·fLoVΩtj¥S≥M‚ jkWfcu lksMf¥ax ·LohMu‚ ,aMh jkWfMd` ·vejhd`k‚ jkstj œs`Mjj ·fLoVΩtj-
¥S≥M‚
fotsrk lsjsuk fof¥;El ·vejhd`k‚ Losr¥kuk dq`tusRlksok ·Ôl‚ lsjsuk fof¥;El ·vejhd`k‚ fd`e fD¥LVlZ ·csfYt;e‚
efg¥k ,d`¥ mifotsrk fnukjk lœ`huk ·Ôl‚ fnukjk lœ`huk ·Ôl‚ ohul fof¥;El ·vejhd`k‚ dS`jksf¥u okstfu;kd`h
·MsuekdZ`‚
fotsrk czk;u cU|q ·ckWc ,oa ekbd` f¥,≥Mj isl ·Hkjr‚ o Msfu;¥ usLVj ·d`ukMk‚ o f¥,aMj isl ·Hkjr‚ o
iq:`" ;qx¥ czk;u] nksukÍ vejhd`k‚ ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh ·pSd` x.- usukn fteksuftd` ·lfcZ;k‚ ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh ·pSd` x.-
jkT;‚ jkT;‚
mifotsrk egsæ Hwifr ·Hkjr‚ o ekdZ` osL¥s ewMh ·n\ vœz`hd`k‚ o ckWc czkW;u o ekbd` czk;u egsæ Hwifr ·Hkjr‚ o
uksYl ·cgkekl‚ fMd` ukWeZu ·csfYt;e‚ ·nksukÍ vejhd`k‚ ekdZ` uksYl ·cgkekl‚
fotsrk fof¥;El cguÍ ·ohul o vukcs¥ esMhuk xSjhX;wl ohul o lsjsuk fof¥;El ohul o lsjsuk fof¥;El
efg¥k ;qx¥ lsjsuk fof¥;El nksukÍ ,oa othZfu;k :vkuks ikLd`¥ ·nksukÍ vejhd`k‚ ·nksukÍ vejhd`k‚
vejhd`k‚ ·nksukÍ Lisu‚
mifotsrk Msfu;¥ garqpksok ·L¥ks- foDVksfj;k vtkjÍd`k lkeaƒk LVkslqj o jsus d`kjk C¥Sd` ·ftEckCos‚ o
okfd`;k‚ o vbZ lqfx;kek ·cs¥kÔl‚ o ,¥suk osluhuk LVCl ·nksukÍ vkLV_sf¥;k‚ f¥ts¥ Ìwcj ·vejhd`k‚
·tkiku‚ ·Ôl‚
fotsrk egsæ Hwifr o lkfu;k fetkZ ¥ht¥ Ìwcj o ckWc czk;u ekdZ` uksYl ·cgkekl‚ o d`k¥hZ xqf¥d`lu o V_sfol
fefJr ;qx¥ ·nksukÍ Hkjr‚ ·nksukÍ vejhd`k‚ vUuk xzks,ufœ`YM ·teZuh‚ isjksV ·nksukÍ vejhd`k‚
mifotsrk ,aMhjke ·btjkb¥‚ o uƒk¥h okfu;k fda`x ·vejhd`k‚ o f¥,aMj isl ·Hkjr‚ o f¥,aMj isl ·Hkjr‚ o
Msph ·œz`kal‚ eklsZ¥ks es¥ks ·czkth¥‚ d`kjk C¥Sd` ·ftEckCos‚ d`kjk C¥Sd` ·ftEckCos‚
¥s pqd`Ó fD¥LVlZ us ik∑p lIrkg iwoZ gh I¥s vkWœ` nkSj eÍ Hkjr ds` lksenso
MCY;wVh, lfdZ`V eÍ okilh d`h ?ks".k d`h ceZu o jksgu cksiUuk vius ,d`¥ eqd`kc¥s
ƒh\ thrus eÍ lœ`¥ jgs ƒs] fd`Urq egsæ Hwifr
bl VwukZesUV d`k efg¥kvkÍ d`k ;qx¥ ds` pksfV¥ gksus ds` d`kj. Hwifr-cksiUuk d`h
f[rkc vejhd`k d`h fof¥;El cgukÍ ·ohul tksÈMh ;qx¥ eqd`kc¥s eÍ chp eÍ gh d`ksVZ ls bVS f ¥;u xz k ≥M fiz D l%flrEcj
gV xbZ ƒh\ ckn eÍ lksenso ceZu o ;qd`h 2009 ds` nkSjku nks œ`kewZ¥k-1 jslkÍ d`k
o lsjsuk‚ d`h tksÈMh us rƒk iq:`"kÍ d`k ;qx¥
f¥,aMj isl ·Hkjr‚ o ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh ·pSd` Hkacjh m¥V ,d`¥ thrus eÍ lœ`¥ jgs] vk;kstu dz`eæ# ekÍtk ·bV¥h‚ o flaxkiqj
x.jkT;‚ d`h tksÈMh us thrk\ efg¥k ;qx¥ ftlls bl nkSj eÍ Hkjr d`h cÈ<r 4–1 d`h eÍ gqvk\ 13 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks ekÍtk eÍ
f[rkc ds` f¥, ftEckCos d`h d`kjk C¥Sd` o jgh\ Vhe ds` xSj f[¥kÈMh d`Irku ,l\ bVSf¥;u xzk≥M f^Dl œ`kewZ¥k–1 jsl czkWu
vejhd`k d`h f¥ts¥ Ìwcj d`h tksÈMh d`ks ih\ feJk gß\ thih Vhe ds` ÔcÍl ckfjds`¥ks us thrh\
fof¥;El cgukÍ us ijkftr fd`;k\ Hkjr ds` blh `Vhe ds` tÍlu cVu d`k nwljk Lƒku
f¥,aMj isl o ftEckCos d`h d`kjk C¥Sd` d`h fo'o xzqi eÍ Hkjr d`k eqd`kc¥k Ôl jgk\ œ`kslZ bf≥M;k ds` ,fM_;u lqfr¥ bl
xr `fotsrk tksÈMh fefJr ;qx¥ Li*kZ eÍ ds` lkƒ gksxk\ blds` f¥, eSp 5–7 ekpZ] jsl eÍ pkSƒs Lƒku ij jgs\
bl o"Z Hh œ`kbu¥ rd` igq∑pus eÍ lœ`¥ 2010 d`ks Ôl eÍ [s¥s tk,axs\ ckn eÍ 27 flrEcj d`ks flaxkiqj xzkaM
jgh tgk∑ V_sfol isjksV o d`k¥hZ xqf¥d`lu fizDl eÍ eSD¥kWjsu ds` ¥qbl gSfeYVu o
Msfol d`i (2009) ds` f¥, œ`kbu¥ Vks;ksVk ds` fVeks X¥kWd` dz`eæ# fotsrk o
d`h vejhd`h d`h tksÈMh ds` le” œ`kbu¥ eÍ eqd`kc¥k pSd` x.jkT; o Lisu ds` e÷;
ijkt; d`k eq∑g isl-C¥Sd` d`h tksÈMh d`ks mifotsrk jgs\
gksxk%bl o"Z Msfol d`i ds` f¥, œ`kbu¥
ns[uk iÈMk\ eqd`kc¥k pSd` x.jkT; o Lisu ds` chp
11 o"Z ckn Hkjr d`k Msfol d`i gksxk\ bl VwukZesUV ds` lsehœ`kbu¥ eqd`kc¥s ckLdsVcky
fo'o xzqi eÍ izosæ%flrEcj 2009 eÍ flrEcj 2009 eÍ gq,\ Lisu eÍ eqflZ;k
tksgkalcxZ ·n\ vœz`hd`k‚ eÍ Msfol d`i fo'o (Murcia) eÍ [s¥s x, ,d` lsehœ`kbu¥ eÍ ,fæ;kbZ efg¥k pSfEi;ufæi%psUubZ
xzqi ds` I¥s vkWœ` nkSj eÍ estcku n\ vœz`hd`k btjkb¥ d`ks 4–1 ls gjkd`j Lisu us rƒk eÍ flrEcj 2009 eÍ lEiUu 23 oÓ œ`hck
d`ks 4–1 ls gjkd`j Hkjr us 16 VhekÍ ds` dz`ks,fæ;k eÍ iksjsd` (Porec) eÍ nwljs lseh- (FIBA) ,fæ;kbZ efg¥k ckLds`Vck¥ pSfEi-
fo'o xzqi eÍ Lƒku ikus eÍ lœ`¥rk izkIr œ`kbu¥ eÍ dz`ks,fæ;k d`ks 4–1 ls gjkd`j ;ufæi d`k f[rkc phu us œ`kbu¥ eÍ
d`h\ 11 o"Z ds` vUrjk¥ ds` i'pkrΩ Hkjr pSd` x.jkT; us œ`kbu¥ eÍ Lƒku cuk;k d`ksfj;k d`ks gjkd`j thrk\ VwukZesUV eÍ rhljk
d`ks fo'o xzqi eÍ Lƒku izkIr gqvk gS\ ·blls gS\ œ`kbu¥ eqd`kc¥k 4–6 fnlEcj] 2009 Lƒku tkiku d`k jgk\
iwoZ 1998 eÍ Hkjr fo'o xzqi eÍ [s¥k ƒk\‚ d`ks Lisu eÍ gksxk\ æs" i~ÆB 678 ij
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/672

vksfj,aV¥ cßd` vkWœ` d`kWelZ eÍ
^kscsæujh vf|d`kfj;kÍ d`h
313 fjfDr;k∑
lkoZtfud` {ks( ds` vksfj,aV¥ cßd` vkWœ`
d`kWelZ eÍ izkscsæujh vf|d`kfj;kÍ ds` dq`¥ 313
inkÍ ij HrhZ ds` f¥, ik( mEehnokjkÍ ls
vkosnu-i( vkWu ¥kbu vkefU(r fd`, x, gß\
mi¥C| fjfDr;kÍ eÍ ls dq`N fjfDr;k∑ fofHUu
oxksÛ ds` v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkjf{kr
gß\ fjfDr;kÍ d`h la“;k ?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\
æSf{kd` ;ksX;rk%·d`‚ foKku Lukrd`kÍ ds`
f¥, d`e-ls-d`e 60 izfrær ·vuq\ tkfr/
tutkfr/ækjhfjd` fod`¥kax ds` eke¥s eÍ 55
izfrær‚ vad`kÍ ds` lkƒ rƒk vU; LV_he ds`
Lukrd`kÍ ds` f¥, d`e-ls-d`e 55 izfrær ·vuq\
tkfr/tutkfr/ækjhfjd` fod`¥kax ds` eke¥s eÍ
50 izfrær‚ vad`kÍ ds` lkƒ Lukrd` vƒok
led`{k] ·[‚ okafNr d`EI;wVj izoh.rk ds`
lEcU| eÍ izfrfÆBr laLƒk ls izek.-i(\
vk;q lhek%1 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks 21–30
o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ekuqlkj
NwV mi¥C| gS\
bl HrhZ gsrq vkosnu ds` f¥, v˙;fƒZ;kÍ
ds` f¥, vkWu ¥kbu iathd`j. d`h vfUre frfƒ
31 vDVwcj] 2009 gS\ HrhZ ds` f¥, ¥h tkus
ok¥h ijh{kk eÍ oLrqfuÆB o o.ZukRed` nksukÍ gh
fd`Le ds` iz'u-i( gkÍxs\ 135 feuV d`h oLrqfuÆB
ijh{kk eÍ rdZ`æfDr] la“;kRed` vfH;ksX;rk]
lkekU; tkxÔd`rk o vaxzsth Hk"k d`h ijh{kk
gksxh\ o.ZukRed` ijh{kk ds`o¥ Dok¥hœ`kbax fd`Le
d`h gksxh\ bl ijh{kk eÍ fgUnh vƒok vaxzsth
Hk"k eÍ m®j fn, tk ldÍ`xs\ f¥f[r ijh{kk d`h
lEHkfor frfƒ 13 fnlEcj] 2009 gS\
bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds`
izkÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh ds` f¥, 26
flrEcj%2 vDVwcj 2009 d`k jkstxkj lekpkj
ns[Í\
mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds` f¥, mid`kj izd`kæu
}kjk izd`kfær cßd` ih\vks\ ijh{kk ls lEcfU|r
iqLrd`kÍ d`k v÷;;u d`jÍ\
lfEef¥r j”k lsok ijh”k (I),
2010
la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx }kjk tuojh 2011
ls ^kjEH gksus ok¥s Hkjrh; lSfud` vd`kneh]
ukSlsuk vd`kneh rƒk ok;qlsuk vd`kneh ds`
d`kslksÛ rƒk vizS¥ 2011 ls ^kjEH gksus ok¥s
vf|d`kjh ^fæ”. vd`kneh] psUubZ d`kslZ eÍ
HrhZ gsrq 14 œ`jojh] 2010 d`ks lfEef¥r j”k
lsok ijh”k (I), 2010 vk;ksftr d`h tk,xh\
bl ijh”k ds` ifj.ke ds` vk|kj ij Hjh tkus
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/673
ok¥h fjfDr;kÍ d`h vuqekfur la“;k Hkjrh;
lSfud` vd`kneh ds` f¥, 250 ·,u\ lh\ lh\ ‘lh’
^ek.-i(|kjd` mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, vkjf”r
fjfDr;k∑ lfEef¥r gß‚] ukSlsuk vd`kneh ds`
f¥, 40 [,u\ lh\ lh\ ‘lh’ ·ukSlsuk Ld`U|‚
^ek.-i(|kjd` mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, 6 fjfDr;k∑
lfEef¥r gSß]] ok;qlsuk vd`kneh ds` f¥, 32
rƒk vf|d`kjh ^fæ”. vd`kneh ds` f¥, 175
rFkk vf|d`kjh ^f'k{k. vd`kneh ·efg¥k-xSj
rd`uhd`h‚ ds` f¥, 18 gksxh\
ik(rk d`h ærsÛ #
·d`‚ vk;q lhek] f¥ax rƒk oSokfgd`
fLƒfr`#
(1) Hkjrh; lSfud` vd`kneh ds` f¥,%
ds`o¥ ,sls vfookfgr iq:" mEehnokj
gh ik( gß] ftud`k tUe 2 tuojh]
1987 ls ig¥s rƒk 1 tuojh] 1992
ds` ckn u gqvk gks\
(2) ukSlsuk vd`kneh ds` f¥,%ds`o¥ ,sls
vfookfgr iq:" mEehnokj gh ik( gß]
ftud`k tUe 2 tuojh] 1989 [,u\
lh\ lh\ ‘lh’ ·ukSlsuk Ld`U|‚ ^ek.-
i(|kjd`kÍ ds` f¥, 2 tuojh] 1987]
ls ig¥s rƒk 1 tuojh] 1992 ds` ckn
u gqvk gks\
(3) ok;qlsuk vd`kneh ds` f¥,%ds`o¥ ,sls
vfookfgr iq:" mEehnokj gh ik( gß]
ftud`k tUe 2 tuojh] 1988 ls ig¥s
rƒk 1 tuojh] 1992 ds` ckn u gqvk
gks\
(4) vf|d`kjh ^fæ”. vd`kneh ds` f¥,%
ds`o¥ ,sls iq:" mEehnokj ·fookfgr
;k vfookfgr‚ gh ik( gß] ftud`k
tUe 2 tuojh] 1986 ls ig¥s rƒk
1 tuojh] 1992 ds` ckn u gqvk gks\
(5) vf|d`kjh ^f'k{k. vd`kneh ·,l\,l\
lh\-efg¥k xSj-rd`uhd`h ikBΩ;dz`e‚
ds` f¥,%vfookfgr/r¥kd`'kqnk/fo|ok
efg¥k,a ftud`k tUe 2 tuojh] 1986
ls ig¥s o 1 tuojh] 1992 ds` ckn u
gqvk gks\
·[‚ æSf”d` ;ksX;rk,a #
(1) Hkjrh; lSfud` vd`kneh rƒk vf|-
d`kjh ^fæ”. vd`kneh ds` f¥,%
fd`lh ekU;rk ^kIr fo'ofo»k¥; d`h
fMxzh ;k led`” ;ksX;rk\
(2) ukSlsuk vd`kneh ds` f¥,— HkSfrd`h
vkSj xf.r fo";kÍ lfgr ch\ ,l-lh\
fMxzh vƒok bathfu;jh ds` Lukrd`\
(3) ok;qlsuk vd`kneh ds` f¥,%HkSfrd`h
vkSj xf.r fo";kÍ ds` lkƒ 1 0 + 2
m®h.Z d`jus ds` i'pkrΩ Lukrd` fMxzh
vƒok bathfu;jh ds` Lukrd`\
tks mEehnokj fMxzh ijh”k ds` vfUre o"Z
eÍ iÈ< jgs gß rƒk mUgÍ fMxzh ds` vfUre o"Z d`h
mid`kj izd`kæu d`h
mi;ksxh iqLrdÍ`
·fiN¥s o"ksÛ ds` g¥ iz'u-i( lfgr‚
xSj-rd`uhd`h V_sM
mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ijh{kk lkWYoMΩ isilZ 215/-
mid`kj js¥os lkWYoMΩ isilZ ·fVd`V d`¥sDVj‚ 110/-
mid`kj js¥os lkWYoMΩ isilZ ·lgk;d` LVsæu ekLVj‚ 130/-
mid`kj js¥os lkWYoMΩ isilZ ·xqMΩl xkMZ‚ 135/-
mid`kj js¥os euksoSKkfud` ijh{k. (IInd Stage) 75/-
mid`kj izSfDVl odZ`-cqd` js¥os euksoSKkfud` ijh{k. 125/-
mid`kj Hkjrh; js¥ # ,d` ifjp; 99/-
mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ijh{kk
·¥s[d` # [Uuk ,oa oekZ‚ 135/-
mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ijh{kk ·MkW\ ¥k¥ ,oa tSu‚ 225/-
mid`kj js¥os xqMΩl xkMZ/lgk;d` LVsæu
ekLVj ijh{kk 160/-
mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ fVd`V d`¥sDVj/
d`kWefæZ;¥ D¥dZ` ·lEiknd` e≥M¥ # lkekU; Kku niZ.‚ 145/-
mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ V_Sfœ`d` vizsfUVl ijh{kk
·lEiknd` e≥M¥ # izfr;ksfxrk niZ.‚ 215/-
mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ okf.fT;d` vizsfUVl ijh{kk 235/-
rd`uhd`h V_sM
mid`kj js¥os vflLVÍV ¥ksd`ks ik;¥V ijh{kk 195/-
mid`kj js¥os izSfDVl lsV vflLVÍV ¥ksd`ks ik;¥V 65/-
mid`kj js¥os lkWYoMΩ isilZ vflLVÍV ¥ksd`ks ik;¥V 90/-
mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ijh{kk lkWYoMΩ isilZ
·rd`uhd`h V_sM‚ 220/-
mid`kj izSfDVl odZ` cqd` js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ijh{kk
·rd`uhd`h V_sM‚ 120/-
mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ ·rd`uhd`h ds`Mj‚ 280/-
·flfo¥/fo»qr/;kaf(d` bathfu;¯jx‚
mid`kj js¥os HrhZ cksMZ lqijokbtj ·ih\os‚/
b¥sfDV_d`¥ flxu¥ esUVsuj xzsM-II HrhZ ijh{kk 225/-
mid`kj fnY¥h esV_ks js¥ ·LVsæu d`UV_ks¥j/V_su
vkWijsVj‚ HrhZ ijh{kk 270/-
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mi;ksxh v÷;;u lkexzh
gj
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mid`kj izd`kæu
2/11,] Lonsæh chek uxj] vkxjk-2
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ijh”k vƒok led`” ijh”k vHh mÂkh.Z
d`juh gS] og Hh bl ijh”k ds` f¥, vkosnu
d`j ld`rs gß] ¥sfd`u mUgÍ vk;ksx ds` ijh”k ds`
uksfVl eÍ fu|kZfjr frfƒ;kÍ rd` ijh”k mÂkh.Z
d`jus d`k ^ek. ^Lrqr d`juk gksxk\
bl ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k ds` lEcU| eÍ
vko';d` ækjhfjd` ekud`] ijh”k ikBΩ;∂`e o
vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh ds` f¥, 26 flrEcj%2
vDVwcj 2009 d`k ,EI¥kW;eÍV U;wt/jkstxkj
lekpkj ns[Í\ v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` iw.ZÔi ls Hjs gq,
vkosnu-i( la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ds` ubZ
fnY¥h fLƒr d`k;kZ¥; eÍ 26 vDVwcj] 2009
rd` Lohd`kj fd`, tk,axs\ nwjnjkt ds` pquÓnk
fufnZÆV LƒkukÍ ds` v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` Mkd` ls ^sf"r
vkosnu-i( Lohd`kj fd`, tkus d`h vfUre frfƒ
3 uoEcj] 2009 gS\
mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds` f¥, ‘mid`kj ^d`kæu’
}kjk ^d`kfær iqLrd`kÍ d`k v÷;;u d`jÍ\ iqLrd`kÍ
ds` vaxzsth o fgUnh nksukÍ laLd`j. cktkj eÍ
mi¥C| gß\
d`j lgk;d` ijh”k%2009
ds`Unzh; ^R;” d`j cksMZ (CBDT) rƒk
ds`Unzh; mRikn æqYd` ,oa lhek æqYd` cksMZ
(CBEC) eÍ d`j lgk;d`kÍ (Tax Assistants)
d`h HrhZ ds` f¥, d`j lgk;d` ijh”k–2009
(Tax Assistant Examination–2009) d`k
vk;kstu d`eZpkjh p;u vk;ksx }kjk fnukad`
13 fnlEcj] 2009 d`ks fd`;k tk,xk\ ds`Unzh;
mRikn æqYd` ,oa lhek æqYd` cksMZ ds` v|hu
fjfDr;kÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k 626 gS] tcfd` ^R;”
d`j cksMZ ds` v|hu ;g 2 7 8 gS\ mi¥C|
fjfDr;kÍ eÍ ls dq`N fjfDr;k∑ fofHUu oxksÛ ds`
f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkjf”r gß\ fjfDr;kÍ d`h
la“;k ?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\
æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%(i) Lukrd` d`h mikf|\
(ii) d`EI;wVj ij okaNuh; MkVk ,aV_h
LihM ds` f¥, foLr~r foKkiu ns[Í\
vk;q lhek ·30 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks‚%
20–27 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍ
fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\
bl HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus
ok¥h 300 vad`kÍ d`h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k
eÍ oLrqfuÆB fd`Le ds` nks ^'u-i( ∂`eæ# 200
o 100 vad`kÍ ds` gkÍxs\ 200 vad`kÍ ds` ig¥s
^'u-i( ds` [≥M ‘v’ eÍ 100 vad`kÍ d`h
lkekU; vaxzsth d`h o [≥M ‘c’ eÍ 100 vad`kÍ
d`h lkekU; tkxÔd`rk d`h ijh”k gksxh\ 100
vad`kÍ d`k nwljk ^'u-i( vad`xf.r d`k gksxk\
bl ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k ds` lEcU| eÍ
vkosnu-i( ds` ^kÔi o vU; foLr~r fooj. ds`
f¥, 26 flrEcj%2 vDVwcj] 2009 d`k jkstxkj
lekpkj ns[Í\ v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` iw.ZÔi ls Hjs gq,
vkosnu-i( vk;ksx ds` lEcfU|r d`k;kZ¥; eÍ
30 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` Lohd`kj fd`, tk,axs\
mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds` f¥, mid`kj izd`kæu
}kjk izd`kfær ,l\,l\lh\ d`j lgk;d` ijh{kk
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/674
iqLrd` d`k v÷;;u ¥kHd`kjh gksxk\ iqLrd` d`k vkosnu-i( 20 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` vkeaf(r
vaxzsth laLd`j. Hh mi¥C| gS\ fd`, x, gß\ bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| fjDr
inkÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k 25 gS\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds`
e÷; ^nsæ o jktLƒku Mkd` mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k
^ko|ku bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| gS\ fjfDr;kÍ
ifje≥M¥kÍ eÍ Mkd` lgk;d` d`h la“;k ?V cÈ< ld`rh gS\
laoxZ d`h fu;qfDr;k∑
æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%b≥VjehfM,V (10+2)
;k led`” rƒk Vkb¯ix o ækWVZgS≥M d`h
e÷; ^nsæ o jktLƒku Mkd` ifje≥M¥kÍ fu|kZfjr ;ksX;rk\
eÍ Mkd` lgk;d` laoxZ (Postal Assistants/
Sorting Assistants) ds` cÈMh la“;k eÍ fjDr vk;q lhek%·20 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks‚
inkÍ ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq ; ks X ; mEehnokjkÍ ls 18–25 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍ
fu|kZfjr izkÔi ij vkosnu-i( vkeaf(r fd`, fu;ekuq l kj NwV mi¥C| gS\
x, gß\ v¥x-v¥x d`h tkus ok¥h bu HfrZ;kÍ ækjhfjd` uki-rkS¥ o n”rk ijh”k eÍ vgZ
ds` rgrΩ 481 fjDr in e÷; iznsæ ifje≥M¥ ik, x, v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus
ds` laHkxkÍ eÍ rƒk ¥xHx 200 fjDr in ok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k eÍ 100-100
jktLƒku ifje≥M¥ ds` laHkxkÍ ds` rgrΩ gß\ vad`kÍ ds` oLrqfuÆB fd`Le ds` nks ^'u-i(
fofHUu oxksÛ ds` mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj ∂`eæ# (1) vaxzsth o fgUnh Hk"k] (2) lkekU;
vkj”. d`k izko|ku bu HfrZ;kÍ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| Kku ·rdZ`æfDr o vad`xf.r lfgr‚ ds` gkÍxs\
gS\ fjfDr;kÍ d`h la“;k ?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\ f¥f[r ijh”k eÍ lœ`¥ mEehnokjkÍ d`ks Vkb¯ix
æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%10+2 m®h.Z\ eSfV_d` o ækWVZgS≥M ds` fLd`¥ VsLV eÍ ækfe¥ fd`;k
Lrj rd` fgUnh d`k v÷;;u Hh vo'; fd`;k tk,xk\
gks\ js¥os es¥ lfoZl o vkehZ iksLV¥ lfoZl ds` bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds`
f¥, 10+2 ijh”k vaxzsth vfuok;Z fo"; ds` ^kÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq 19 flrEcj]
lkƒ m®h.Z gksuk pkfg,\ Vad`. d`k Kku o 2009 d`k n fgUnw ·ubZ fnY¥h‚ jkstxkj lekpkj
d`EI;wVj Kku okaNuh; ;ksX;rk gS\ ns[Í\
vk;q lhek ·vkosnu d`h vfUre frfƒ mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds` f¥, mid`kj izd`kæu
d`ks‚% 18–25 o"Z\ }kjk izd`kfær iqLrd` Hkjr-frCcr lhek
fofHUu oxksÛ ds` f¥, vk;q lhek eÍ iqf¥l c¥ gSM d`k∑LVsfc¥ ,oa vflLVÍV lc-
fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\ baLisDVj d`k v÷;;u ¥kHd`kjh gksxk\
bl HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus ok¥h
f¥f[r vfH:fp ijh”k (Aptitude Test) eÍ Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l eÍ
vaxzsth] xf.r] lkekU; Kku] rdZ`”erk ,oa lc-baLisDVj ·vksojlhj‚ ds`
fo'¥s". ”erk vkfn d`h 50 vad`kÍ d`h oLrqfuÆB
fd`Le d`h ijh”k ,d` ?≥Vs d`h vof| d`h gksxh\ fjDr in
10+2 ijh”k eÍ izkIrkad`kÍ ds` vk|kj ij
mEehnokjkÍ d`ks bl ,IVhVΩ;wM VsLV ds` f¥, ds`Unzh; x~g ea(k¥; ds` v|hu Hkjr-
vYi lwphc* fd`;k tk,xk\ blds` vfrfjDr frCcr lhek iqf¥l (ITBP) eÍ lc-baLisDVj
30 feuV d`h Vad`./d`EI;wVj lEcU|h ijh”k (Overseer) ds` in ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX;
Hh vk;ksftr d`h tk,xh\ bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ iq:" mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij
vkosnu-i( ds` izkÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh vkosnu-i( 20 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` vkeaf(r
gsrq 26 flrEcj%2 vDVwcj] 2009 d`k jkstxkj fd`, x, gß\ bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| fjDr
lekpkj ns[Í\ v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` iw.ZÔi ls Hjs gq, inkÍ d`h dq`¥ la“;k 61 gS\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds`
vkosnu-i( Lohd`kj fd`, tkus d`h vfUre mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k
frfƒ jktLƒku Mkd` ifje≥M¥ ds` eke¥s eÍ ^ko|ku bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| gS\ fjfDr;kÍ
15 vDVwcj] 2009 rƒk e÷; ^nsæ Mkd` d`h la“;k ?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\
ifje≥M¥ ds` eke¥s eÍ 26 vDVwcj] 2009 gS\ æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%eSfV_d` ;k led`” rƒk
mi;qZDr ijh”k ds` f¥, mid`kj ^d`kæu flfo¥ bathfu;¯jx eÍ fMI¥ksek\
}kjk ^d`kfær Mkd` foHkx Mkd` lgk;d`/N∑VkbZ vk;q lhek%·20 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks‚
lgk;d` ijh”k d`k v÷;;u ¥kHd`kjh gksxk\ 20–25 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍ
iqLrd` d`k vaxzsth laLd`j. Hh mi¥C| gS\ fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\
ækjhfjd` uki-rkS¥ o n”rk ijh”k eÍ vgZ
Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l eÍ ik, x, v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus
lgk;d` lc-baLisDVj ok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k 100 vad`kÍ d`h
gksxh\ bl ijh”k eÍ 80 vad`kÍ ds` O;kolkf;d`
·LVsuksxzkœ`j‚ ds` fjDr in Kku ds` o 20 vad`kÍ ds` lkekU; tkxÔd`rk ds`
ds`Unzh; x~g ea(k¥; ds` v|hu Hkjr- ^'u gkÍxs\
frCcr lhek iqf¥l (ITBP) eÍ lgk;d` lc- bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds`
baLisDVj ·LVsuksxzkœ`j‚ ds` in ij fu;qfDr gsrq ^kÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq 19–25
lq;ksX; iq:" mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij flrEcj] 2009 d`k jkstxkj lekpkj ns[Í\
 ds`Unzh; fo»k¥;kÍ eÍ fæ”d`kÍ rƒk f¥fid`kÍ
d`h HrhZ
ds`Unzh; fo»k¥; laxBu ds` rgrΩ nsæHj eÍ fLƒr ds`Unzh;
fo»k¥;kÍ ls l( 2010-11 eÍ fofHUu fo";kÍ eÍ ihthVh] VhthVh] ^kbejh
VhpjkÍ o vU; fofo| VhpjkÍ d`h fu;qfDr gsrq iSu¥ rS;kj d`jus ds` f¥,
bPNqd` ,oa ik( v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij 12 vDVwcj] 2009
rd` vkosnu-i( vkeaf(r fd`, x, gß\ bl HrhZ eÍ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` f¥,
fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k ^ko|ku mi¥C| gS\ ik(rk gsrq U;wure
æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk ds` f¥, foLr~r foKkiu ns[Í\
vk;q lhek%12 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks ihthVh ds` f¥, vf|d`re
40 o"Z] VhthVh ds` f¥, vf|d`re 35 o"Z] ^kbejh Vhpj ds` f¥,
vf|d`re 30 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ekuqlkj NwV
mi¥C| gS\
fofHUu Jsf.;kÍ ds` fæ”d`kÍ d`h HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus
ok¥h f¥f[r ijh”k eÍ rhu ^'u-i( gkÍxs\ oLrqfuÆB fd`Le d`k ig¥k
^'u-i( v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`h L∂`h¯ux ds` f¥, gksxk\ 120 vad`kÍ ds` nks ?≥VkÍ
d`h vof| ds` bl ^'u-i( ds` ig¥s Hkx eÍ lkekU; Kku] vaxzsth Hk"k
n”rk] rdZ`æfDr] la“;kRed` vfH:fp] lelkef;d` eke¥s] fæ”k]
lkekU; foKku o Hkjrh; lafo|ku vkfn ds` ^'u gkÍxs] tcfd` nwljs
Hkx eÍ mEehnokj ds` fo"; lEcU|h ^'u gkÍxs\ 1 ?≥Vs d`k 40 vad`kÍ d`k
nwljk o.ZukRed` fd`Le d`k ^'u-i( vaxzsth o fgUnh Hk"k d`k gksxk\
nwljh ik¥h eÍ 120 vad`kÍ d`k o.ZukRed` ^'u-i( mEehnokj ds` fo";
Kku d`h ijh”k ds` f¥, gksxk\ ihthVh ds` f¥, ;g ijh”k 26 fnlEcj]
2009 d`ks] VhthVh ds` f¥, 27 fnlEcj] 2009 d`ks o ^kbejh Vhpj ds`
f¥, 28 fnlEcj] 2009 d`ks lEiUu gksxh\ fofHUu Jsf.;kÍ ds` fæ”d`kÍ d`h
bu HfrZ;kÍ ds` vfrfjDr UDC ds` 40 o LDC ds` 73 inkÍ ds` f¥, Hh
vkosnu-i( vkeaf(r fd`, x, gß\ bu inkÍ ds` f¥, vko';d`
æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk] vk;q lhek o ijh”k ;kstuk vkfn ds` f¥, foLr~r
foKkiu ns[Í\ bu HfrZ;kÍ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds` ^kÔi] U;wure
æSf”d` ;ksX;rk o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh ds` f¥, 12–18 flrEcj]
2009 d`k jkstxkj lekpkj ns[Í\
mi;qZDr ijh”k ds` f¥, mid`kj izd`kæu }kjk izd`kfær fuEuf¥f[r
iqLrd`kÍ d`k v÷;;u ¥kHd`kjh fl* gksxk%
● mid`kj ds`Unzh; fo»k¥; laxBu Lukrd`ks®j f'k{kd` HrhZ
ijh{kk``·izƒe iz'u-i(%Hkx- I‚ 255/-
● mid`kj ds`Unzh; fo»k¥; laxBu izf'kf{kr Lukrd` f'k{kd`
HrhZ``ijh{kk ·izƒe iz'u-i(%Hkx-I‚ 235/-
● mid`kj ds`Unzh; fo»k¥; laxBu izkƒfed` f'k{kd` HrhZ
ijh{kk``·izƒe iz'u-i(%Hkx- I‚ 145/-
● Upkar Language Proficiency Test (English-Hindi)
Paper-II 150/-
uksV—iqLrd`kÍ ds` vaxzsth laLd`j. Hh mi¥C| gß\

baVs¥htÍl C;wjks eÍ lgk;d` lÍV_¥ baVs¥htÍl

vkWœ`hlj xzsM-II/VsDuhd`¥ d`h HrhZ gsrq
^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k] 2009
x~g ea(k¥; ds` v|hu baVs¥htÍl C;wjks (IB) eÍ lgk;d` lÍV_¥
baVs¥htÍl vkWœ`hlj xzsM- II/VsDuhd`¥ ds` dq`¥ fe¥kd`j 52 fjDr inkÍ
d`h HrhZ gs r q lq ; ks X ; mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij vkosnu-i(
jkstxkj lekpkj eÍ foKkiu ^d`kfær gksus ds` ,d` ekg rd` vkeaf(r
fd`, x, gß\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k
^ko|ku bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| gS\ fjfDr;kÍ d`h la“;k ?V-cÈ<
ld`rh gS\
æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%HkSfrd`h ;k xf.r ;k d`EI;wVj foKku fo"; ds`
lkƒ Lukrd` ;k led`” vƒok fufnZÆV fo";kÍ eÍ ls fd`lh ,d` eÍ
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/675
f(o"hZ; bathfu;¯jx fMI¥ksek vƒok foKkiu eÍ o lkekU; tkxÔd`rk d`h ijh{kk gksxh\ gSM
fufnZÆV 8 o"hZ; vuqHo ds` lkƒ gk;j lsds`≥Mjh\ ¥ksd` lHk o jkT; lHk eÍ fjlpZ d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·jsfM;ks vkWijsVj‚ ds` in gsrq ;g
vk;q lhek ·vkosnu d`h vfUre frfƒ vflLVÍV/twfu;j ikf¥Z;keÍVjh ijh”k 90 vad`kÍ d`h gksxh rƒk lkƒ gh 10 vad`kÍ
d`ks‚%18–27 o"Z\ d`h fMDVsæu ·vaxzsth‚ Hh v¥x ls gksxh\
fjiksVZj/V_kal¥sVj/LVsuksxzkœ`j/
fofHUu oxksÛ ds` f¥, vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ek- 'kSf{kd` ;ksX;rk%eSfV_d` vFkok led`{k
uqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\
flD;ksfjVh vflLVÍV/twfu;j ijh{kk\ m®h.Z rFkk foKkiu eÍ fufnZÆV V_sMkÍ eÍ
bl HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus D¥dZ` ds` fjDr in ls fd`lh ,d` eÍ f(o"hZ; fMI¥ksek\ vFkok HkSfrd`
ok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k ds` f¥, vYi foKku] jlk;u foKku ,oa xf.r fo";kÍ ds`
lwphc* v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`ks gh vkeaf(r fd`;k laln ds` nksukÍ lnukÍ eÍ fofHUu fjDr lkFk b≥VjehfM,V ;k led`{k ijh{kk m®h.Z
tk,xk\ HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds` inkÍ ·fjlpZ vflLVÍV ds` 7 fjDr in jkT; ·uksV%rhukÍ inkÍ ds` f¥, v¥x-v¥x æS”f.d`
^kÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq 19–25 lHk eÍ] twfu;j ikf¥Z;keÍVjh fjiksVZj ds` 7 ;ksX;rk gsrq foLr~r foKkiu ns[Í‚\
flrEcj] 2009 d`k jkstxkj lekpkj ns[Í\ fjDr in jkT; lHk eÍ LVsuksxzkœ`j ds` 32 vk;q lhek ·10 uoEcj] 2009 d`ks‚%gSM
fjDr in ¥ksd` lHk eÍ o 2 jkT; lHk eÍ] d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·jsfM;ks vkWijsVj/fœ`Vj‚ gsrq 18–23
V_k∑l¥sVj ds` 7 fjDr in jkT; lHk eÍ] o"Z rƒk lgk;d` mifujh”d` ·jsfM;ks esds`fud`‚
fnY¥h esV_ks js¥ d`kWiksZjsæu eÍ flD;ksfjVh vflLVÍV xzsM–II ds` 37 fjDr in ds` in gsrq 18–25 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q
d`LVej fj¥sæal vflLVÍV ds` ¥ksd` lHk eÍ o 19 fjDr in jkT; lHk eÍ] lhek eÍ fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\
318 o eÍVsuj ds` 961 fjDr in flD;ksfjVh vflLVÍV xzsM–II ·rd`uhd`h‚ ds` 37 bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vko';d` 'kkjhfjd`
fjDr in ¥ksd` lHk eÍ rƒk twfu;j D¥dZ` ds` eki-rkS¥] vkosnu-i( ds` ^kÔi o vU; foLr~r
29 fjDr in ¥ksd` lHk eÍ o 13 jkT; lHk
fnY¥h esV_ks js¥ d`kWiksZjsæu f¥\ eÍ d`LVej eÍ‚ ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX; mEehnokjkÍ ls tkud`kjh ds` f¥, ‘jkstxkj lekpkj’ ns[Í\
fj¥sæal vflLVÍV ds` 318 o eÍVsuj ds` dq`¥ fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij vkosnu-i( laln ds` mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds` f¥, mid`kj ^d`k'ku
fe¥kd`j 961 fjDr inkÍ ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX; tkWbaV fj∂w`VeÍV lS¥ }kjk 26 vDVwcj] 2009 }kjk ^d`kf'kr lhek lqj{kk c¥ gSM d`k∑LVsfc¥
mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij vkosnu-i( rd` vkeaf(r fd`, x, gß\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` ·jsfM;ks vkWijsVj‚ rƒk lgk;d` mifujh{kd`
19 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` vkeaf(r fd`, x, gß\ ·jsfM;ks esds`fud`‚ HrhZ ijh{kk iqLrd`kÍ d`k
mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k
eÍVsuj d`h mi¥C| fjfDr;k∑ b¥sfDV_fæ;u] ^ko|ku bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| gS\ fjfDr;kÍ v÷;;u ¥kHd`kjh fl* gksxk\
fœ`Vj] b¥sDV_kWfud` esds`fud` o jsf≠`tjsæu d`h la“;k ?V cÈ< ld`rh gS\
esds`fud` o ,lh esds`fud` vkfn V_sMlΩ eÍ gß\
fofHUu oxksÛ ds` mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj bu inkÍ ds` f¥, vko';d` æS”f.d` o vU; Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l eÍ
vkj”. d`k ^ko|ku bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| ;ks X ;rkvkÍ gsrq foLr~r foKkiu ¥ksd` lHk d`h baLisDVj ·fgUnh V_kal¥sVj‚ ds`
gS\ fjfDr;kÍ d`h la“;k ?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\ os c lkbV www.loksabha.nic.in ij vƒok
jkstxkj lekpkj eÍ ns[Í\ v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`h fjDr in
æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%(i) d`LVej fj¥sæal vf|d`re vk;q (26 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks‚ 27
vflLVÍV in (CRA) gsrq%d`e-ls-d`e 50 o"Z gS ·fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍ ds`Unzh; x~g ea(k¥; ds` v|hu Hkjr-
^frær vad`kÍ ds` lkƒ f(o"hZ; Lukrd` mikf| fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS‚\ frCcr lhek iqf¥l (ITBP) eÍ baLisDVj ·fgUnh
rƒk lkƒ gh d`EI;wVj d`k fufnZÆV Lrj d`k V_kal¥sVj‚ ds` in ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX;
Kku\ bl HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus ok¥h
f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k eÍ lkekU; Kku] mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij vkosnu-i(
(ii) eÍVsuj in gsrq%lEcfU|r V_sM eÍ 27 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` vkeaf(r fd`, x, gß\
vaxzsth-Hk"k] fucU| vkfn d`h ijh”k,a ækfe¥
vkbZVhvkbZ ^ek.-i(\ gß ·v¥x-v¥x inkÍ ds` f¥, ^'u-i(kÍ vkfn bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| fjDr inkÍ d`h dq`¥
vk;q lhek (1 tq¥kbZ] 2009 d`ks‚%d`LVej d`h tkud`kjh osclkbV ls foLr~r foKkiu ls la“;k 30 gS\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` mEehnokjkÍ ds`
fj¥sæal vflLVÍV gsrq 18–28 o"Z rƒk eÍVsuj ¥Í‚\ bu HfrZ;kÍ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k ^ko|ku bl HrhZ
in gsrq 18–25 o"Z\ ^kÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq ¥ksd` lHk ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| gS\ fjfDr;kÍ d`h la“;k ?V-
fofHUu oxksÛ ds` f¥, vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ek- d`h osclkbV ns[Í\ cÈ< ld`rh gS\
uqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\ æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%fgUnh vƒok vaxzsth eÍ
d`LVej fj¥sæal vflLVÍV in gsrq Lukrd`ks®j mikf| ·vaxzsth eÍ Lukrd`ks®j
lhek lqj”k c¥ eÍ gSM d`k∑LVsfc¥ mEehnokjkÍ d`ks Lukrd` ijh”k fgUnh ds` lkƒ
vk;ksftr d`h tkus ok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ·jsfM;ks vkWijsVj/fœ`Vj‚ rƒk
ijh”k eÍ nks ^'u-i( gkÍxs\ bueÍ ig¥s oLrqfuÆB m®h.Z gksuk pkfg,\ vU; fo";kÍ eÍ mikf| |kjd`
fd`Le ds` ^'u-i( eÍ lkekU; tkxÔd`rk lgk;d` mifujh”d`kÍ ·jsfM;ks Hh vU; okafNr vgZrk,a iwjh gksus ij vkosnu
vaxzsth] ¥kWftd`¥ ,fcf¥Vh] la“;kRed` vfH- esds`fud`‚ d`h HrhZ ds` ik( gß\ buds` f¥, foLr~r foKkiu ns[Í‚\
:fp ,oa/vƒok lEcfU|r V_sM ls lEcfU|r vk;q lhek%·27 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks‚
^'u gkÍxs] tcfd` nwljk o.ZukRed` ^'u-i( lhek lqj{kk c¥ (BSF) d`E;wfuds`æu lSV vf|d`re 30 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek
iSjkxzkœ` jkb¯Vx] lkj ¥s[u] fucU| rƒk vi eÍ gSM d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·jsfM;ks vkWijsVj‚ ds` eÍ fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\
foKku ,oa ^kS»ksfxd`h ij ^'ukÍ d`k gksxk\ 244, gSM d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·fœ`Vj‚ ds` 6 rƒk lgk;d` ækjhfjd` uki-rkS¥ o n”rk ijh”k eÍ vgZ
eÍVsuj in gsrq HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h mifujh{kd` ·jsfM;ks esds`fud`‚ ds` dq`¥ 42 inkÍ ik, x, v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus
tkus ok¥h oLrqfuÆB fd`Le d`h ^fr;ksfxrk ij HrhZ ds` f¥, ik( iq:" v˙;fFkZ;kÍ ls ok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k 200 vad`kÍ d`h
ijh”k eÍ lkekU; tkxÔd`rk] rdZ`æfDr] fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij 10 uoEcj] 2009 rd` gksxh\ bl ijh”k eÍ 100 vad`kÍ d`k ig¥k ^'u-
la“;kRed` vfH:fp] vaxzsth Hk"k o lEcfU|r vkosnu-i( vkefU(r fd`, x, gß\ bueÍ ls i( lkekU; Kku] vaxzsth o fgUnh d`k
vkbZVhvkbZ V_sM ij ^'u gkÍxs\ dq`N fjfDr;k∑ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` v˙;fFkZ;kÍ ds` oLrqfuÆB fd`Le d`k gksxk] tcfd` 100 vad`kÍ
bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkjf{kr gß\ v˙;fFkZ;kÍ d`k d`k nwljk ^'u-i( V_kal¥sæu ·vaxzsth ls fgUnh
^kÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq 19–25 p;u 'kkjhfjd` n{krk ijh{kk] f¥f[r ijh{kk] eÍ o fgUnh ls vaxzsth eÍ‚ d`k gksxk\
flrEcj] 2009 d`k jkstxkj lekpkj ns[Í lk{kkRd`kj o fpfd`Rld`h; ijh{kk vkfn ds` bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds`
vƒok www.delhimetrorail.com ij ¥kWx vk|kj ij fd`;k tk,xk\ 100 vad`kÍ d`h f¥f[r ^kÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq jkstxkj
vkWu d`jÍ\ ijh{kk eÍ HkSfrd`h] jlk;u] xf.r] vaxzsth Hk"k lekpkj ns[Í\

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/676

 Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l eÍ d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·ik;fu;j ijh{kk frfFk # 21 uoEcj] 2009
b¥sDV_hfæ;u/I¥Ecj/d`kjiÍVj/eslu/osYMj‚ o
d`kjiÍVj ·,uhe¥ V_kaliksVZ‚ ds` fjDr in Rajasthan
ds`Unzh; x~g ea(k¥; ds` v|hu Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l (ITBP)
eÍ d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·ik;fu;j b¥sDV_hfæ;u/I¥Ecj/d`kjiÍVj/ eslu/osYMj‚ o
State Eligibility Test (SET)
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d`kjiÍVj ·,uhe¥ V_kaliksVZ‚ ds` inkÍ ij fu;qfDr gsrq lq;ksX; iq:" 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678
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mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij vkosnu-i( 20 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` mid`kj izd`kæu d`h mi;ksxh iqLrdÍ`
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vkeaf(r fd`, x, gß\ bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| fjDr inkÍ d`h dq`¥
la“;k d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·ik;fu;j‚ ds` eke¥s eÍ 201 ·b¥sDV_hfæ;u 62, I¥Ecj mid`kj izSfDVl odZ`-cqd` tuj¥ isij-I 65/-
74, eslu 40, d`kjiÍVj 24 o osYMj 1) rƒk d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·,uhe¥ mid`kj tuj¥ isij-I ·MkW\ ¥k¥] tSu ,oa MkW\ ds`\ lh\ ofæÆB‚ 235/-
V_kaliksVZ‚ ds` eke¥s eÍ 127 gS\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` mEehnokjkÍ ds` f¥, mid`kj tuj¥ isij-I ·MkW\ fefƒ¥sæ ik≥Ms;‚ 215/-
fu;ekuqlkj vkj”. d`k ^ko|ku bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ mi¥C| gS\ fjfDr;kÍ mid`kj bfrgkl ·isij-II‚ ·væksd` dq`ekj ik≥Ms;‚ 130/-
d`h la“;k ?V cÈ< ld`rh gS\
æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%eSfV_d` ;k led`” d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·ik;fu;j‚ ds`
mid`kj bfrgkl ·isij-II & III‚ ·lqjsæ dq`ekj ik≥Ms;‚ 275/-
eke¥s eÍ lEcfU|r V_sM eÍ d`e-ls-d`e ,d` o"Z d`k vuqHo\ mid`kj bfrgkl ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ ,\ ds`\ prqosZnh‚ 175/-
vk;q lhek%·20 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks‚ d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·ik;fu;j‚ gsrq mid`kj bfrgkl ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ ,\ ds`\ prqosZnh‚ 285/-
18–23 o"Z rƒk d`k∑LVsfc¥ ·,uhe¥ V_kaliksVZ‚ gsrq 18–25 o"Z\ fofHUu mid`kj bfrgkl ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ eukst ifjgkj‚ 215/-
eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\ mid`kj okf.T; ·isij-II‚ ·euq^d`kæ JhokLro ,oa ,e\lh\ xqIrk‚ 270/-
ækjhfjd` uki-rkS¥ o n”rk ijh”k eÍ vgZ ik, x, v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` mid`kj okf.T; ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ ,¥\ ,u\ d`ks¥h‚ 565/-
f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus ok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k 50 vad`kÍ d`h mid`kj Hwxks¥ ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ ,e\ ,l\ fllksfn;k‚ 225/-
·d`k∑LVsfc¥ ,uhe¥ V_kaliksVZ ds` eke¥s eÍ 35 vad`kÍ d`h‚ gksxh\
bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds` ^kÔi o vU; foLr~r mid`kj Hwxks¥ ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ ,e\ ,l\ fllksfn;k‚ 245/-
tkud`kjh gsrq jkstxkj lekpkj ns[Í\ mid`kj izSfDVl odZ` cqd` Hwxks¥ ·isij-III‚ ·lat; xqIrk‚ 70/-
mid`kj vFkZækL( ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ vuqie vxzok¥‚ 350/-
Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l eÍ d`k∑LVsfc¥kÍ mid`kj fgUnh ·isij-II & III‚ ·MkW\ dq`ekj x.sæ‚ 250/-
·tuj¥ MΩ;wVh‚ d`h HrhZ mid`kj fgUnh ·isij-II‚ ·vkÍd`kj ukƒ oekZ‚ 170/-
mid`kj fgUnh ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ fn¥hi ik≥Ms;‚ 125/-
Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l eÍ d`k∑LVsfc¥kÍ ·tuj¥ MΩ;wVh‚ ds` dq`¥ mid`kj fgUnh ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ fn¥hi ik≥Ms;‚ 125/-
2450 inkÍ ij HrhZ ds` f¥, fofHUu jkT;kÍ ds` ik( v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ls
fu|kZfjr izkÔi ij 27 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` vkosnu-i( vkefU(r fd`, mid`kj fgUnh ·isij-II & III‚ ·MkW\ fn¥hi ik≥Ms;‚ 240/-
x, gß\ mi¥C| fjfDr;kÍ eÍ ls 249 fjfDr;k∑ m®j iznsæ ds` v˙;fƒZ;kÍ mid`kj fgUnh ·isij-II & III‚ ·MkW\ txnhæ æj.‚ 210/-
ds` f¥,] 95 >kj[≥M ds`] 93 e÷; iznsæ ds`] 296 m®jk[≥M ds`] 48 mid`kj jktuhfr foKku ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ væksd` dq`ekj‚ 370/-
N®hlxÈ< ds`] 198 fcgkj ds`] 81 jktLƒku ds`] 30 gfj;k.k ds` rƒk 20 mid`kj jktuhfr foKku ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ væksd` dq`ekj‚ 315/-
fjfDr;k∑ fnY¥h ds` v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, gß\ bueÍ ls dq`N fjfDr;k∑ fofHUu
oxksÛ ds` v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, fu;ekuqlkj vkjf{kr gß\ fjfDr;kÍ d`h la“;k mid`kj jktuhfr foKku ·isij-II‚ ·lqjsUê d`kSfæd`‚ 90/-
?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\ mid`kj laLd~`r ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ fefƒ¥sæ ik≥Ms;‚ 175/-
æS{kf.d` ;ksX;rk%eSfV_d` ;k led`{k\ mid`kj laLd~`r ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ fefƒ¥sæ ik≥Ms;‚ 210/-
vk;q lhek%1 vxLr] 2009 d`ks 18–23 o"Z\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ mid`kj laLd~`r ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ |esZUê dq`ekj f}osnh‚ 95/-
vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\ mid`kj laLd~`r ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ |esZUê dq`ekj f}osnh‚ 290/-
bu inkÍ ij v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`h HrhZ ˜∑pkbZ d`h tk∑p] nkSÈM] ækjhfjd`
eki rkS¥] ækjhfjd` n{krk ijh{kk] f¥f[r ijh{kk rƒk fpfd`Rlk ijh{kk mid`kj laxhr ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ xqatu lDlsuk‚ 60/-
ds` vk|kj ij gksxh\ ækjhfjd` d`k;Zn{krk ijh{kk m®h.Z d`jus ok¥s mid`kj laxhr ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ fuæk jkor‚ 55/-
v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`ks gh f¥f[r ijh{kk eÍ cSBus d`h vuqefr iznku d`h tk,xh\ mid`kj laxhr ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ fuæk jkor‚ 110/-
100 vad`kÍ d`h vkWCtsfDVo Vkbi f¥f[r ijh{kk eÍ tuj¥ vos;juSl/ mid`kj euksfoKku ·isij-II‚ ·Jherh lksuh tSu‚ 130/-
tuj¥ ukW¥st] ukW¥st vkWœ` ,¥hesUVjh eSƒseSfVDl] iSVUlZ d`ks ns[us o
v¥x d`jus d`h ;ksX;rk d`ks rƒk fgUnh/vaxzsth ds` ew¥ Kku d`h ijh{kk mid`kj euksfoKku ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ Mh\ lh\ izlkn‚ 98/-
ækfe¥ gS\ mid`kj fof| ·isij-II‚ ·eukst dq`ekj flag‚ 105/-
bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds` izkÔi o vU; foLr~r mid`kj x~gfoKku ·isij-II‚ ·xk;(h flUgk‚ 190/-
tkud`kjh gsrq jkstxkj lekpkj vƒok 21 flrEcj] 2009 d`k bf≥M;u mid`kj x~gfoKku ·isij-III‚ ·xk;(h flUgk‚ 325/-
,Dl^sl ·ubZ fnY¥h‚ ns[Í\
mid`kj lektækL( ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ th\ ,¥\ æekZ‚ 120/-
mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds` f¥, mid`kj izd`kæu }kjk izd`kfær fuEuf¥f[r
iqLrd`kÍ d`k v÷;;u d`jÍ% mid`kj lektækL( ·isij-III‚ ·MkW\ th\ ,¥\ æekZ‚ 175/-
* mid`kj Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l œ`kslZ iqf¥l d`k∑LVsfc¥ mid`kj lektækL( ·isij-II & III‚ ·MkW\ th\ ,¥\ æekZ‚ 290/-
HrhZ ijh{kk ·¥s[d`}; # tSu ,oa æekZ‚ 75/- mid`kj lektækL( ·isij-II‚ ·MkW\ fou; dq`ekj flUgk‚ 215/-
* mid`kj Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l œ`kslZ iqf¥l d`k∑LVsfc¥ ● E-mail : publisher@upkar.in
mid`kj ^d`kæu] vkxjk–2 ● Website : www.upkar.in
HrhZ ijh{kk ·lEiknd` e≥M¥ lkekU; Kku niZ.‚ 99/-

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/677

 bl HrhZ ds` f¥, vk;ksftr d`h tkus eÍ d`kaL; ind` thrus eÍ lœ`¥rk izkIr
;wfu;u cßd` eÍ f¥fid`h; ok¥h f¥f[r ^fr;ksfxrk ijh”k eÍ rhu ?≥Vs d`h\ Hkjr ds` fd`lh ig¥oku us 42 o"Z ds`
fu;qfDr;k∑ d`h vof| d`k ,d` ^'u-i( gksxk] ftleÍ vUrjk¥ ds` i'pkrΩ fo'o pSfEi;ufæi eÍ
fo"; ls lEcfU|r ^'ukÍ ds` vfrfjDr lkekU; d`ksbZ ind` thrk gS\ fo'o pSfEi;ufæi ds`
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bf≥M;k eÍ f¥fid` lg-jksd`fÈM;kÍ ds` dq`¥ 1040 eÍ foLr~r tkud`kjh gsrq fuxe d`h osclkbV 1967 eÍ fcæEHj flag us fn¥k;k ƒk\
fjDr inkÍ ij HrhZ ds` f¥, ik( mEehnokjkÍ ls www.ongcindic.com. ns[Í\ fcæEHj us rc jtr ind` thrk ƒk] tks
vkosnu-i( vkWu¥kbu vkefU(r fd`, x, gß\
fod`¥kaxrk ok¥s v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, vkjf”r fo'o pSfEi;ufæi eÍ Hkjr d`h vksj ls
ds`Unzh; vkS»ksfxd` lqj{kk c¥ eÍ vHh Hh loZJsÆB iznæZu gS\ Hkjr d`ks
cSd`¥kWx fjfDr;k∑ Hh bueÍ ækfe¥ gß\
fofHUu jkT;kÍ ls d`k∑LVsfc¥kÍ fo'o pSfEi;ufæi eÍ ig¥k ind` 1961 eÍ
æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk%·d`‚ Lukrd` vƒok
led`{k ·[‚ vƒok d`e-ls-d`e 60 ^frær ·thMh‚ d`h HrhZ mn; pan us fn¥k;k ƒk] ftUgkÍus tkiku
vad`kÍ ds` lkƒ 10 + 2 ijh”k m®h.Z ·fofHUu eÍ gqbZ pSfEi;ufæi eÍ d`kaL; ind` thrk
eke¥kÍ eÍ æS”f.d` ;ksX;rk eÍ NwV‚\ d`EI;wVj ds`Unzh; vkS»ksfxd` lqj{kk c¥ (CISF) eÍ ƒk\
d`k fu|kZfjr Kku Hh vko';d` gS\ fofHUu jkT;kÍ ls d`k∑LVsfc¥kÍ ·tuj¥ MΩ;wVh‚ Hkjr d`ks fo'o pSfEi;ufæi ds` efg¥k
vk;q lhek%lkekU; Js.h ds` v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` ds` dq`¥ 16 gtkj fjDr inkÍ d`h HrhZ ds` f¥, oxZ eÍ vc rd` ds`o¥ ,d` d`kaL; ind`
f¥, vk;q lhek 30 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks 18–28 ik( iq:" v˙;fFkZ;kÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij 4 fe¥k gS] tks 2006 eÍ phu eÍ gqbZ pSfEi;u-
o"Z gS\ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍ uoEcj] 2009 rd` vkosnu-i( vkeaf(r fd`, fæi eÍ vYd`k rksej us thrk ƒk\
fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\ x, gß\ mi¥C| fjfDr;kÍ eÍ ls dq`N fjfDr;k∑
bl HrhZ gsrq vkosnu ds` f¥, v˙;fƒZ;kÍ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` v˙;fFkZ;kÍ ds` f¥, vkjf{kr gß\
d`ks 31 vDVwcj] 2009 rd` vkWu¥kbu vkosnu fjfDr;kÍ d`h la“;k ?V-cÈ< ld`rh gS\ xksYQ
d`juk gksxk\ HrhZ ds` f¥, ¥h tkus ok¥h ijh{kk æSf”d` ;ksX;rk%eSfV_d` ;k led`{k ijh{kk
eÍ oLrqfuÆB fd`Le ds` nks iz'u-i( gkÍxs\ ig¥s m®h.Z\ Mh,¥,œ` ekLVlZ xksYœ`%20 flrEcj]
^'u-i( eÍ rdZ`æfDr] la“;kRed` vfH;ksX;rk] 2009 d`ks xqÈMxk∑o eÍ vfucZu ¥kfgjh d`ks
lkekU; tkxÔd`rk o vaxzsth Hk"k d`h 200 vk;q lhek%1 vxLr] 2010 d`ks 18–23
o"Z \ fofHUu eke¥kÍ eÍ vk;q lhek eÍ fu;ekuqlkj nwljs Lƒku ij NksÈMrs gq, 80 ¥k[ :i,
vad`kÍ d`h ijh{kk gksxh\ 50 vad`kÍ d`k nwljk
^'u-i( d`EI;wVj Kku d`h ijh”k d`k gksxk\ Nw V mi¥C| gS\ d`h bukeh jkfæ d`k Mh,¥,œ` ekLVlZ xksYœ`
ijh{kk d`h lEHkfor frfƒ 10 tuojh] 2010 bl HrhZ ds` rgrΩ v˙;fFkZ;kÍ d`k p;u VwukZesUV d`k f[rkc xxuthr HqY¥j us
gS\ ˜∑pkbZ d`h tk∑p] nkSÈM ijh{kk] ækjhfjd` eki thrk\
bl HrhZ ds` lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds` rkS¥] 'kkjhfjd` n{krk ijh{kk] f¥f[r ijh{kk o
izkÔi o vU; foLr~r tkud`kjh ds` f¥, jkstxkj fpfd`Rld`h; ijh{kk vkfn ds` vk|kj ij fd`;k
lekpkj rƒk cßd` d`h osclkbV ns[Í\ tk,xk\ dq`¥ 100 vad`kÍ d`h oLrqfuÆB fd`Le d`h
mi;qZDr ijh{kk ds` f¥, mid`kj izd`kæu f¥f[r ijh{kk eÍ lkekU; tkxÔd`rk/lkekU;
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iqLrd`kÍ d`k v÷;;u d`jÍ\ vfH:fp vkSj ^s{k. vkSj fo'ks" iSVuZ d`h xzkaM ekLVj
;ksX;rk ds` lkFk-lkFk vaxzsth/fgUnh eÍ mEehn- psUubZ ds` ærjat f[¥kÈMh jktkjke
vks,uthlh eÍ vflLVÍV okjkÍ ds` ew¥ Kku d`h ijh”k gksxh\ bl HrhZ ds` ¥{e. us xzkaM ekLVj (GM) f[rkc ds` f¥,
VsDuhfæ;al d`h HrhZ lEcU| eÍ vkosnu-i( ds` ^kÔi o vU; vgZrk flrEcj 2009 eÍ izkIr d`j ¥h gS\
foLr~r tkud`kjh ds` f¥, jkstxkj lekpkj bl f[rkc ds` f¥, viuk rhljk ukWeZ mUgkÍus
lkoZtfud` ”s( ds` uojRu mi∂`e rs¥ ns[Í\ flrEcj eÍ d`ks¥d`krk vksiu ærjat VwukZesUV
,oa ^kd~`frd` xSl fuxe (ONGC) eÍ vflLVÍV
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gsrq lq;ksX; mEehnokjkÍ ls fu|kZfjr ^kÔi ij }kjk ^d`kfær ds`Unzh; vkS»ksfxd` lq j ”k c¥ ekLVj gkÍxs\ blls iwoZ 19 oÍ xzkaM ekLVj
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^frær eÍ NwV mi¥C| gS‚\ jesæ dq`ekj us thrk d`ksbZ ind`%MsUekdZ` 21 uoEcj –5 fnlEcj] 2009 ds` nkSjku
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vf|d`re 30 o"Z\ fofHUu oxksÛ ds` f¥, vk;q lEiUu fo'o dq`'rh pSfEi;ufæi eÍ gfj;k.k
lhek eÍ fu;ekuqlkj NwV mi¥C| gS\ ds` jesæ dq`ekj us 74 fd`xzk oxZ ·œz`hLVkb¥‚ ●●●

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/678


pk∑n ij ikuh%lnh d`h egkure
¥xHx 4 vjc :i, d`h ifj;kstuk
[kst ds` vUrxZr pUnz;ku-1, 22 vDVwcj] 2008
fiN¥s pkj næd` ls ;gh |kj.k jgh
gS fd` tc pk∑n ij t¥ ugÓ gS] rks thou
d`gk∑ gksxk = pk∑n d`h lrg lw[h pVΩVkukÍ
vkSj lw[s xMΩ<kÍ ls Hjh gqbZ gS\ pUnz;ku- 1
us bl ij fojke ¥xk fn;k ,oa bl
vo|kj.k d`ks fuewZ¥ fl* d`j fn;k\
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ekStwnxh d`k Bksl ^ek. i~Foh d`ks Hstk\
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lcls cÈMh [kst gS\ uklk ds` mid`j. ewu
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ds` lkƒ gh pk∑n ij mrjk ƒk\
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d`ks pk∑n ds` f¥, jokuk gqvk ƒk\ ;g vius
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d`ks ¥sd`j ƒh\ bu nksukÍ leL;kvkÍ ds` d`kj.
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rjg d`h tfV¥rk,a mRiUu d`jrk gS\
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blds` vuqlkj vkid`h d`ej ds` pkjkÍ vksj
ekuo efLrÆd`
mHjh pchZ vkids` efLrÆd` d`ks fld`ksÈM xzg ds` i~Foh ls Vd`jkus d`h fLƒfr eÍ]
nsrh gS æks|d`rkZvkÍ us ik;k fd` efLrÆd` 1945 eÍ fgjksfæek eÍ vejhd`k }kjk fxjk,
d`k og ”s(] tks cks| vkSj laKku ds` f¥, x, ijek.q ce d`h rq¥uk eÍ 10 gtkj
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/680
egRoiw.Z gksrk gS] og eksVh d`ej ok¥s ,oa
vU; eksVs ¥ksxkÍ eÍ NksVk gksrk gS\ ,sls ¥ksxkÍ
d`k fnekx viuh vk;q ds` fglkc ls 16
lk¥ vf|d` cwÈ<k gksrk gS\ efLrÆd` d`k ;g
ladq`pu ‘fMeÍfæ;k’ vƒkZrΩ euksHzaæ ls
lEc* gksrk gS\ ;g æks| ml lansg d`h
iqfÆV d`jrk gS fd` cÈ<rk otu efLrÆd` d`h
fLƒfr eÍ cn¥ko d`k [rjk iSnk d`jrk gS\
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|efu;kÍ eÍ vojks| mRiUu d`jrh gS] tks
efLrÆd` d`h d`ksfæd`kvkÍ rd` igq∑pus ok¥s
jDr ,oa vkWDlhtu ds` lapj. d`ks d`e
d`jrh gS\ œ`¥r#] esVkcksf¥Te eÍ gksus ok¥h irk ¥xk ¥sxk vkSj bls vius lkƒ mÈMus
d`eh ls efLrÆd` d`h d`ksfæd`k,a e~r gksus
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vPNs vad` o lœ`¥rk izkIr d`h tk ld`rh
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ij id`ÈM gsrq j.uhfr fuekZ.] iqLrd`kÍ o
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bu ekud`kÍ ds` fd`rus d`jhc ikrh gß=
bld`ks vkSj vf|d` mi;ksxh cukus ds` f¥,
d`ksbZ lq>ko nsuk pkgÍxh=
æs" i~ÆB 685 ij
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esjh lœ`¥rk d`k ew¥ea( Lokeh foosd`kuUn d`k vkÿku ‘mBks] tkxks
vkSj ¥{; ^kfIr ls ig¥s er :`d`ks’ gS\
flfo¥ lsok ijh”k] 2008 eÍ fgUnh ek÷;e ls 74oÍ Lƒku ij p;fur
la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx d`h ^frfÆBr ijh”k eÍ mPp Lƒku ij p;fur gksd`j Jh oSHo JhokLro us fu#lUnsg ,d` vR;Ur
xkSjoiw.Z mi¥fC| vftZr d`h gS] ftlds` f¥, og lHh ^æalk rƒk gekjh gkfnZd` c|kbZ ds` ik( gß\ ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. ds` lkƒ
mud`h HÍVokrkZ ;gk∑ ew¥Ôi eÍ ^Lrqr gS\
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lœ`¥rk ij ^fr;ksfxrk niZ. ifjokj d`h
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Jh oSHo%th] |U;okn\
^\ n\%D;k vkius fiN¥s o"ksÛ d`h
ijh”k ds` VkWilZ ds` lk”kRd`kj iÈ<s = bu
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vius ifj.ke d`ks tkuus ls ig¥s vki
VkWilZ ds` ckjs eÍ D;k lksprs ƒs =
Jh oS H o%^fro"Z eß VkW i lZ ds `
lk”kRd`kj iÈ<rk ƒk\ ;s lk”kRd`kj gesæk
esjs f¥, ^sj.klzksr jgs o bud`h enn ls
eq>s viuh x¥fr;k∑ lq|kjus eÍ enn fe¥h\
esjk gesæk ls ekuuk ƒk fd` geeÍ ls gh
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rS;kjh ,oa ijh”k eÍ fuÆiknu ls lUrqÆV ƒs
vkSj lœ`¥rk ds` ^fr vkækoku ƒs =
lœ`¥rk ds` bl lekpkj ij vkid`h D;k
^frf∂`;k jgh =
Jh oSHo%th gk∑] eß viuh rS;kjh o
ijh”k eÍ fuÆiknu ls iw.Zr# lUrqÆV ƒk\
foæs" rkSj ij lk”kRd`kj ds` mijkUr
lœ`¥rk ds` ^fr iw.Zr# vk'oLr ƒk\
eq>s lœ`¥rk d`k æqH lekpkj esjs
fe( Jh use¯lg (IRS) }kjk ^kIr gqvk\
vius Je d`k ^frœ`¥ ikd`j eq>s vR;f|d`
^lUurk gqbZ o eßus rRd`k¥ vius ifjokj
d`ks œ`ksu ij lwfpr fd`;k\
^\ n\%viuh lôrk d`k Js;
fd`ld`ks nsuk pkgÍxs =
Jh oSHo%lœ`¥rk d`Hh Hh fuokZr eÍ
^kIr ugÓ gksrh\ bleÍ vusd` ¥ksxkÍ d`k
;ksxnku gksrk gS] ijUrq eß viuh lœ`¥rk
d`k eq“; Js; bZ'oj ds` lkƒ ekrk-firk]
ifjokjhtu] xq:tu Jh fou; ¯lg ·÷;s;
IAS)] Jh ef.d`kar ¯lg (The Study), Jh
jkes'oj jk;] Jh fod`kl fnO;d`hfrZ ·n~fÆV‚
,oa Jh lquh¥ VqVstk ·fc¥kliqj‚ ,oa
fe(x.kÍ d`ks nsuk pkgw∑xk\
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/683
;qok izfrHk ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
—oSHo JhokLro
vr# muls ^sj.k ikd`j esjk fu.Z;] n~È<
lad`Yi eÍ cn¥ x;k ,oa 12oÓ ds` ckn eßus
xf.r lad`k; NksÈMd`j d`¥k lad`k; ¥srs
gq, ch\,\ eÍ ^osæ ¥s f¥;k\
^\ n\%bl ijh”k eÍ cSBus d`k fu.Z;
¥sus ds` ckn vkid`k ig¥k d`ne D;k
jgk =
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loZ^ƒe NCERT d`h iqLrd`kÍ d`k v÷;;u
d`j viuh uÓo etcwr d`h\ lkƒ gh xzstq,æu
ds` vius fo";kÍ d`k xEHhjrk ls v÷;;u
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okf"Zd`h ijh”k ds` le; eÍ fjohtu d`h lHh firk d`k uke%Jh Î`Æ. dq`ekj JhokLro
vko';d` lkexzh mi¥C| d`jkrh gS\
ekrk d`k uke%Jherh inek JhokLro
^\ n\%flfo¥ lsok ds`o¥ ,d` gh tUefrfƒ%01–07–1981
¥{; ƒk ;k fd`lh vkSj dS`fj;j fod`Yi ds` æSf”d` ;ksX;rk%
f¥, lkƒ-lkƒ rS;kjh d`j jgs ƒs\ gkbZLdw`¥%Sant Xavier’s H. S.
Jh oSHo%eßus N®hlxÈ< SLET ijh”k School, Ambikapur; Madhyamik
m®h.Z d`j lgk;d` ^k÷;kid` ds` in d`ks Shiksha Mandal, Bhopal, (M.P.)
oSd`fYid` dS`fj;j ds` Ôi eÍ rS;kj d`j ·1996, 82%)
j[k ƒk\ b≥VjehfM,V%Saraswati H. S.
School, Bilaspur; Madhyamik Shiksha
^\ n\%fd`l rjg vkSj d`c vkid`ks Mandal, Bhopal (M.P.) ·1998, 80·67%)
flfo¥ lsokvkÍ d`h xfjek ,oa egRo d`k ch\,\%D. P. College, Bilaspur;
vuqHo gqvk = Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur
Jh oSHo%pw∑fd` esjs firk Jh Î`Æ. ·2001, 72·17%)
dq`ekj JhokLro ·fjVk;MZ phœ` bathfu;j] ,e\,\%D. P. College, Bilaspur;
¥ksd` fuekZ. foHkx] N®hlxÈ< æklu‚ Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur
· 2003, 70·38%)
jkT; æklu eÍ vf|d`kjh jgs gß\ vr#
cpiu ls gh flfo¥ lsod`kÍ ds` lEidZ` eÍ iwoZ p;u%
vkus d`k volj fe¥k] ftlus eq>s flfo¥ (I) Distt. Jail Superintendent (May
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fd`;k\ (II) Dy. S. P. (March 2008)—
MPPSC 2005
^\ n\%og ”. d`c vk;k tc vkius (III) I.R.T.S. (May 2008)—IAS 07
flfo¥ lsokvkÍ eÍ dS`fj;j d`h lEHkouk,a (IV) I.A.S. (May 2009)—IAS 08
r¥kæus d`k œS`l¥k f¥;k =
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fd`l vk|kj ij ƒk = D;k vkius lHh
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Jh oSHo%,sfPNd` fo";kÍ ds` pquko eÍ
viuh :fp d`k foæs" ÷;ku j[uk pkfg,\
eßus xzstq,æu ds` le; gh viuh :fp ds`
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lhek j[h ƒh ftleÍ vki bl ijh”k eÍ
lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`j lds` =
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fuf'pr rkSj ij fu;ksftr d`k;Z∂`e ij
vk|kfjr gksrh gS] pw∑fd` ^;klkÍ d`h la“;k
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,sfPNd` fo";kÍ ij vis”kd~`r vf|d` ÷;ku
nsrs gß\ bl ckjs eÍ vkid`k D;k n~fÆVd`ks.
gS =
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mis”k d`ks eß lgh ugÓ ekurk gw∑\
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le; ;k fœ`j ijh”k eÍ‚%le; ,d` egRo-
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/684
iw.Z d`kjd` gS\ D;k vkius bl nkSjku le;
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iwoZ gh ,d` ckj eq“; ijh”k d`h rS;kjh d`j
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lc¥ i” % vkRefo'okl] |S;Z]
fujUrj tw>us d`h
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phtkÍ d`k ÷;ku j[k vkSj dS`ls vkius
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lhfer iqLrd`kÍ d`k p;u fd`;k] ijUrq
mud`k xgjkbZ ls v÷;;u fd`;k\ lkƒ gh
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Jh oSHo%lkekU; v÷;;u d`h rS;kjh
ds` f¥, eßus NCERT d`h fd`rkckÍ]
^fr;ksfxrk niZ. ds` vfrfjDrkad` d`k
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vkSj fd`rus le; p¥k ,oa D;k-D;k ^'u
iwNs x, =
Jh oSHo%pw∑fd` orZeku eÍ eß I.R.T.S.
(IAS Allied) ds` ^fæ”. eÍ gw∑\ vr# bl
o"Z eq>s lk”kRd`kj ds` f¥, foæs" rS;kjh
d`k volj ugÓ fe¥k\ vr# eßus vius
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ek÷;e ds` fo»kfƒZ;kÍ d`k p;u ¥xkrkj
cÈ<rk tk jgk gS o dq`N fo";kÍ d`ks NksÈMd`j
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vgeΩ ;ksxnku jgrk gS\ fiN¥s d`bZ o"ksÛ ls ijh”kfƒZ;kÍ us bUgÍ cgqr iz;ksx eßus eq“; ijh{kk ds` nkSjku fd`;k]
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iqLrd`kÍ d`h lwph Jh oSHo%^kjfEHd` o eq“; ijh”k fofo|rkiw.Z o fo'¥s".kRed` cukus eÍ
(List of Books) nksukÍ gh LrjkÍ ij eßus vfrfjDrkad`kÍ d`h lœ`¥ gqbZ\
^kjfEHd` lhfjt d`k mi;ksx fd`;k ƒk\ blls xq.- ^\ n\%‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ. okf"Zd`h’
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● ^kphu Hkjr # ds`\ lh\ JhokLro]
tkrk gS\ lelkef;d`h ds` f¥, fd`ruk mi;ksxh
NCERT, >k-Jhek¥h ^\ n\%‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ. okf"Zd`h’ ik;k= blds` izd`kæu d`k le;] bld`k
● e÷;d`k¥hu Hkjr # NCERT, ,¥\ ih\ vkid`ks dS`lh ¥xh = ijh”k iwoZ vkius le- vkd`kj ,oa bld`h lkexzh ds` ckjs eÍ fopkj
æekZ] lrhæ pUnzk lkef;d`h ds` f¥, fd`ruk mi;ksxh ik;k = O;Dr d`jÍ\
● vk|qfud` Hkjr # NCERT, ch\ ,¥\ blds` ^d`kæu d`k le;] bld`k vkd`kj Jherh pap¥%izfr;ksfxrk niZ.
xzksoj] fcfiu pUnzk ,oa bld`h lkexzh ds` ckjs eÍ fopkj O;Dr okf"Zd`h vR;f|d` mi;ksxh fl* gqbZ\ bld`h
eq“; d`jÍ\ lgk;rk ls lHh lelkef;d` ?VukvkÍ ds`
bfrgkl Jh oSHo%vPNk ^;kl gS\ o"ZHj d`h iquLeZj. eÍ lgk;rk fe¥h\
● ^kphu Hkjr%NCERT v»ru lkexzh ,d` txg mi¥C| gks tkrh ^\ n\%vkid`h lœ`¥rk d`k ew¥ea(
● e÷;d`k¥hu Hkjr%NCERT, ,¥\ ih\ gS \ ^fr;ks xh œ`k¥rw d`h Hkx-nkSÈM ls cp D;k gS=
æekZ tkrk gS \
Jherh pap¥%lœ`¥rk ds` f¥,
● vk|qfud` Hkjr%NCERT, fcfiu pUnzk ^\ n\%xq.o®k ds` iSekus ij ;fn 1 ¥xkrkj v÷;;u o fo";kÍ d`k oSKkfud`
● fo'o bfrgkl%tSu-ekƒqj ls 10 rd` vk∑dÍ` rks vki D;k Ld`ksj nsuk fo'¥s".kRed` v÷;;u] le; izcU|u
fgUnh lkfgR; pkgÍxs = vko';d` gS\
● fgUnh lkfgR; d`k bfrgkl%MkW\ uxsUnz Jh oSHo%‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ ekfld` ^\ n\%d`ksbZ lq>ko ;k lansæ vkxkeh
if(d`k—10 v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`ks nsuk pkgÍxh=
^\ n\%flfo¥ lsok ijh”k d`h rS;kjh ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ. vfrfjDrkad`’—10
gsrq ^fr;ksxh if(d`k,a fd`l ^d`kj mi;ksxh Jherh pap¥%v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ls d`guk
‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ. okf"Zd`h’—8 pkgw∑xh fd` ¥{; ij utj j[Í] vlœ`¥-
gksrh gß =
^\ n\%vkid`h lœ`¥rk d`k ew¥ea( rkvkÍ ls u ?cjk,a o v÷;;u d`ks fu;fer
Jh oSHo%fuf'pr rkSj ij ^fr;ksxh D;k gS =
if(d`k,a flfo¥ lsok d`h rS;kjh d`k cuk, j[Í\
Jh oSHo%Lokeh foosd`kuUn ds` d`ƒu] ●●●
egRoiw.Z Hkx gß\ ^fr;ksfx;kÍ d`ks fujUrj
v»ru ?VukvkÍ ls tksÈMs jgus ds` f¥, ∏mBks ] tkxks vkSj ¥{; ^kfIr ls ig¥s er
bld`k d`ksbZ fod`Yi ugÓ gS\ :d`ks π d`ks gh eß viuh lœ`¥rk d`k ew¥- æs" i~ÆB 680 d`k
^\ n\%,d` ekud` dS`fj;j ,oa ea ( ekurk gw∑\
gLrkUrj. gksrk gS\ blls ;q* ;k
^fr;ksxh if(d`k eÍ xq.o®k ds` vk|kj ij ^\ n\%d`ksbZ lq>ko ;k lUnsæ vkxkeh
nq?ZVukvkÍ eÍ gkƒ] iSj ;k vU; egRoiw.Z
D;k foæs" lkexzh ,oa lad`¥u d`h vis”k v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`ks nsuk pkgÍxs = vax x∑ok pqds` ¥ksxkÍ d`ks gw-c-gw ck;ksfud`
j[rs gß = Jh oSHo%fujUrj tqVs jgÍ] d`Hh vax V_kalI¥kaV fd`, tkrs gß\ ck;ksfud`
Jh oSHo%egRoiw.Z VkWfid`kÍ d`k lekosæ fgEer u gkjÍ o gesæk ;kn j[Í%
æjhj eÍ gksus ok¥h lHh jklk;fud`] tSfod`
gksuk pkfg,\ rF;kRed` o fo'¥s".kRed` lsukuh d`jks `^;k. vH;]
nksukÍ tkud`kfj;kÍ d`k lekosæ gksuk pkfg,\ vkSj HkSfrd` f∂`;kvkÍ d`ks Î`f(e Ôi ls
Hkoh `bfrgkl rqEgkjk gS] lkd`kj d`jus d`h bathfu;¯jx gS\ bu
xSj tÔjh vk∑d`ÈMkÍ d`k lad`¥u ugÓ gksuk ;s u[r æek ds` cq>rs gß]
pkfg, ojuk blls ^fr;ksxh fnXHzfer gks ck;ksfud` vaxkÍ eÍ lksukj] jsMkj] vYV_klkmaM
ld`rs gß\ lkjk vkd`kæ rqEgkjk gS\ vkSj d`EI;wVj lkbal d`h uohure rd`uhd`kÍ
^\ n\%gk¥ gh eÍ ^d`kfær ,d` ^\ n\%vkids` mTTo¥ HfoÆ; ds` d`k Hh mi;ksx gksrk gS\
lEekuh; laLƒk }kjk fd`, x, losZ”. ds` f¥, gkfnZ d` 'kqHd`keuk,a\ ck;ksfud` eSu ,d` rjg ls Î`f(e
vuqlkj æh"Z d`h 4 if(d`kvkÍ eÍ ls ,d` ,oa Jh oSHo%th] cgqr-cgqr |U;okn\ ekuo gksxk] ¥sfd`u mleÍ lHh vkarfjd`
Hkjr eÍ lcls T;knk iÈ<h tkus ok¥h ●●● ,oa ckÌ] ekuoh; f∂`;k,a-^frf∂`;k,a gkÍxÓ\
^fr;ksfxrk if(d`k ‘^fr;ksfxrk niZ.’ d`ks fczfVæ d`Eiuh cdZ`¥s us csgn etcwr
bu ekud`kÍ ds` fd`rus d`jhc ikrs gß = æs" i~ÆB 682 d`k
balkuh <k∑pk rS;kj fd`;k gS\ blls ig¥s
bld`ks vkSj vf|d` mi;ksxh cukus ds` f¥, Jherh pap¥%izfr;ksfxrk niZ. bl oSKkfud` ck;ksfud` gkƒ] ck;ksfud` iSj ,oa
d`ksbZ lq>ko nsuk pkgÍxs = n~fÆV ls egRoiw.Z Lƒku j[rh gS\ ;g ck;ksfud` vkbZ fod`flr d`j pqds` gß\ ,sls
Jh oSHo%^fr;ksfxrk niZ. vius vki vius orZeku d`¥soj eÍ m®e gS\ ck;ksfud` eSu eÍ] lkekU; O;fDr d`h rq¥uk
eÍ cstksÈM if(d`k gS vkSj fgUnh ek÷;e ds` ^\ n\%lkekU; v÷;;u ,oa dq`N
v˙;fƒZ;kÍ ds` f¥, ojnku LoÔi gS vkSj esjs ,sfPNd` fo";kÍ ds` vfrfjDrkad`kÍ d`h lhfjt eÍ vikj c¥ gksxk\ ck;ksfud` vax fcYdq`¥
ekud`kÍ ij d`kœ`h gn rd` [jh mrjrh gS\ d`k D;k fd`lh Lrj ij mi;ksx fd`;k= ekuoh; vaxkÍ d`h rjg d`ke d`jrs gß vkSj
^\ n\%lkekU; v÷;;u ,oa dq`N fiN¥s d`bZ o"ksÛ ls ijh”kfƒZ;kÍ us bud`k fnekx ls lads`r xzg. d`jrs gß\
,sfPNd` fo";kÍ ds` vfrfjDrkad`kÍ d`h lhfjt cgqr mi;ksx fd`;k vkSj ljkgk gS\ ●●●

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/685

 jkÆV_h;
1. og mixzg ftls fo'o ds` vU; NksVs N# mixzgkÍ ds` lkƒ 23 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks Hkjr }kjk ^”sfir fd`;k x;k\ % vkslulSV-2
☛ iks¥j lSVs¥kbV ¥kWUp Oghd`¥ (PSLV-C14) d`ks Hkjr ds vkslulSV-2 (Oceansat-2) rƒk vU; fonsæh N# ¥?q mixzgkÍ ds`
lkƒ Jhgfjd`ksVk ls 23 flrEcj] 2009 d`ks lœ`¥rkiwoZd` ^”sfir fd`;k gS\ vkslulSV-2 leqnz rƒk bld`k okrkoj. ij ^Hko d`k
v÷;;u d`jsxk\
2. Hkjr d`k og ig¥oku ftlus flrEcj 2009 eÍ MsuekdZ` eÍ vk;ksftr fo'o dq`'rh pSfEi;ufæi eÍ d`kaL; ind` ^kIr fd`;k\
% jesæ dq`ekj
☛ gfj;k.k ds` js¥os eÍ d`k;ZjrΩ ig¥oku jesæ dq`ekj us gfuÛx ·MsuekdZ`‚ eÍ vk;ksftr fo'o dq`'rh pSfEi;ufæi eÍ 74 fd`xzk
≠`hLVkb¥ oxZ eÍ d`kaL; ind` thrus eÍ lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`h\ jesæ us 42 o"ksÛ ckn Hkjr d`ks bl ^d`kj d`h lœ`¥rk fn¥kbZ gS\
3. og Hkjrh; f∂`ds`V f[¥kÈMh ftls flrEcj 2009 eÍ fn, x, ds`LV_kW¥ vokMksÛ eÍ bafM;u f∂`ds`Vj vkWœ` n bZ;j 2008 d`k vokMZ
^kIr gqvk\ % xkSre xEHhj
☛ xkSre xEHhj us 2008 ds` ds`LV_kW¥ vokMksÛ eÍ bafM;u f∂`ds`Vj vkWœ` n bZ;j ·5 ¥k[‚ rƒk cSVΩlesu vkWœ` n bZ;j ·2 ¥k[‚
iqjLd`kj ^kIr fd`,\ vU; iqjLd`kjkÍ eÍ thoui;ZUr mi¥fC| ds` f¥, 5 ¥k[ d`k iqjLd`kj xqaMIik fo'oukƒ d`ks ^nku fd`;k x;k\
4. og ægj tgk∑ vkBok∑ ^oklh Hkjrh; fnol lEes¥u (2010) d`k vk;kstu ^Lrkfor gS\ % ubZ fnY¥h
☛ fonsækÍ eÍ jg jgs ^eq[ Hkjrh;kÍ d`k vkBok∑ ^oklh Hkjrh; fnol lEes¥u 7–9 tuojh] 2010 d`ks ubZ fnY¥h eÍ vk;ksftr
fd`;k tk,xk\ 8 tuojh d`ks ^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg mnΩ?kVu rƒk 9 tuojh d`ks jkÆV_ifr Jherh ^frHk ikfV¥ lEes¥u d`k
lekiu d`jÍxh\
5. og fœ`Ye ftlus flrEcj 2009 eÍ ?ksf"r 55oÍ jkÆV_h; fœ`Ye iqjLd`kjkÍ eÍ loZJsÆB œ`hpj fœ`Ye d`k iqjLd`kj ^kIr fd`;k gS\
% d`kaphojeΩ
☛ fo“;kr d`kaphojeΩ lkfÈM;kÍ ds` cqud`jkÍ d`h n;uh; fLƒfr ij cuh fœ`Ye ‘d`kaphojeΩ’ d`ks œ`hpj fœ`Ye Js.h eÍ loZJsÆB fœ`Ye
ds` f¥, Lo.Z d`e¥ gsrq pquk x;k gS\ f^;næZu }kjk funsZfær ;g rfe¥ fœ`Ye eÍ Hwfed`k ds` f¥, ^d`kæ jkt d`ks loZJsÆB vfHusrk
ds` iqjLd`kj ds` f¥, pquk x;k gS\
6. Hkjr d`k og fcf¥;MZlΩ f[¥kÈMh ftlus flrEcj 2009 eÍ fo'o isæsoj fcf¥;MZlΩ pSfEi;ufæi thrus eÍ lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`h\
% iad`t vkMok.h
☛ iad`t vkMok.h us flrEcj 2009 eÍ bax¥S≥M eÍ ¥hMΩl eÍ fo'o isæsoj fcf¥;MZlΩ pSfEi;ufæi thr ¥h\ xhr lsBh ds` ckn
bl ^fr;ksfxrk d`ks thrus ok¥s og nwljs Hkjrh; gß\ iad`t vkMok.h d`ks vtqZu iqjLd`kj] jktho xka|h [s¥jRu iqjLd`kj rƒk
inΩeJh (2009) ls lEekfur fd`;k tk pqd`k gS\
7. Hkjr d`k og eqDds`ckt ftlus flrEcj 2009 eÍ fo'o eqDds`ckth pSfEi;ufæi eÍ d`kaL; ind` thrk\ % fotÍnz ¯lg
☛ vks¥fEid` d`kaL; ind` fotsrk fotÍnz ¯lg us flrEcj 2009 eÍ bV¥h eÍ fe¥ku eÍ vk;ksftr fo'o ckW¯Dlx pSfEi;ufæi eÍ
fefM¥osV oxZ eÍ d`kaL; ind` thrus eÍ lœ`¥ jgs\ fo'o pSfEi;ufæi eÍ ind` thrus ok¥s og ig¥s Hkjrh; gß\
8. Hkjr d`k og uxj tgk∑ flrEcj 2009 eÍ jkÆV_h; fcf¥;MZlΩ ,oa Luwd`j pSfEi;ufæi d`k vk;kstu fd`;k x;k\ % vkxjk
☛ 76oÓ usæu¥ fcf¥;MZlΩ ,oa Luwd`j pSfEi;ufæi d`k vk;kstu vkxjk eÍ fd`;k x;k\ bl vk;kstu eÍ iad`t vkMok.h] xhr
lsBh lfgr nsæ ds` 190 f[¥kfÈM;kÍ us Hkx f¥;k\
9. Hkjr d`k og jkT; tgk∑ ;wjsfu;e [fut fud`k¥us d`ks ¥sd`j fookn cuk gqvk gS\ % es?k¥;
☛ es?k¥; eÍ 1984 eÍ [klh igkfÈM;kÍ eÍ lhek ds` lehi ¥xHx 9,500 Vu ;wjsfu;e [fut ds` H≥Mkj d`k irk p¥k ƒk\ ds`Unz
ljd`kj us bls fud`k¥us ds` f¥, if'peh [klh ft¥s eÍ fd`¥sUx%fiUMÍxlksg¥kWUx ;wjsfu;e ^kstsDV (Kylleng-Pyndensohlong
Uranium Project) rS;kj fd`;k gS ftld`k ogk∑ ,d` Nk( laxBu }kjk fojks| fd`;k tk jgk gS] ¥sfd`u ljd`kj bls d`k;kZfUor
d`jus ds` f¥, n~È< lad`Yi gS\
10. Hkjr d`h og ckf¥d`k ftlus flrEcj 2009 eÍ vejhd`k eÍ vk;ksftr la;qDr jkÆV_ t¥ok;q ifjorZu lEes¥u d`ks fo'o ds` leLr
cPpkÍ d`h vksj ls ^frfuf|Ro d`jrs gq, lEcksf|r fd`;k\ % ;qxjRuk JhokLro
☛ ¥[u˜ d`h 13 o"hZ; fd`æksjh ;qxjRuk JhokLro us la;qDr jkÆV_ t¥ok;q ifjorZu lEes¥u d`ks lEcksf|r fd`;k rƒk t¥ok;q
ifjorZu ij Rofjr d`kjZokbZ d`jus d`k fuosnu fd`;k\ Hkjr ds` jktsUnz ipkSjh rƒk fonsæ ea(h ,l\,e\ Î`Æ.k us Hh lEes¥u d`ks
lEcksf|r fd`;k\ t¥ok;q ifjorZu ij fnlEcj 2009 eÍ ,d` o~gnΩ lEes¥u vk;ksftr fd`;k tk jgk gS ftleÍ D;ksVks ^ksVksd`kW¥ tks
2012 eÍ lekIr gks jgk gS] ds` Lƒku ij ,d` ubZ t¥ok;q laf| ds` vfLrRo eÍ vkus d`h lEHkouk gS\
11. fo'o d`k og ig¥k pUnzek ij Hstk x;k mixzg ftlus ogk∑ ikuh gksus d`h iqfÆV flrEcj 2009 eÍ d`h\ % pUnz;ku-1
☛ Hkjr fo'o d`k ig¥k ,slk nsæ cu x;k gS ftlds` ig¥s ewu feæu eÍ gh mls pUnzek ij ikuh [kstus d`k Js; fe¥k gS\
vDVwcj 2008 eÍ ^”sfir fd`, x, pUnz;ku-1 ij vejhd`k d`h ,tÍlh ‘uklk’ ds` ¥xs ,d` mid`j. ,e 3 (M 3) vƒkZrΩ ewu
feujks¥kWth eSij 3 }kjk ,d`f(r fd`, x, vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ls oSKkfud`kÍ us ;g fuÆd`"Z fud`k¥k gS\ ikuh d`h ek(k feVΩVh ds` d`.kÍ eÍ vR;Ur
vYi ek(k eÍ mifLƒr gS\
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/686
 vUrjkZÆV_h;
1. og Lƒku tgk∑ th-20 nsækÍ d`h orZeku vkfƒZd` eanh ls mcjus ds` f¥, rhljh cSBd` flrEcj 2009 eÍ vk;ksftr d`h xbZ\
% fiVΩlcxZ ·vejhd`k‚
☛ th-20 nsækÍ d`h fo'o vkfƒZd` eanh ls fuiVus ds` f¥, mik; [kstus ds` f¥, rhljk lEes¥u fiVΩlcxZ ·vejhd`k‚ eÍ flrEcj
2009 eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k\ blls iwoZ bl ^d`kj d`k ig¥k lEes¥u ok¯æxVu rƒk nwljk ¥anu eÍ lEiUu gks pqd`k gS\ bl
lEes¥u eÍ ^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg us Hh Hkx f¥;k\
2. og ^fl* gkW¥hoqM vfHus(h tks flrEcj-vDVwcj 2009 eÍ ,d` fœ`Ye d`h æw¯Vx ds` f¥, Hkjr eÍ jgÓ\ % twf¥;k jkWcVZlΩ
☛ ,ds`Mseh vokMZ fotsrk gkW¥hoqM vfHus(h twf¥;k jkWcVZlΩ (Julia Roberts) us viuh ubZ ewoh ‘bZV] ^s] ¥o’ (Eat, Pray,
Love) ds` f¥, Hkjr eÍ flrEcj-vDVwcj 2009 eÍ æw¯Vx d`h\ ;g fœ`Ye ,f¥tkcsƒ fxYcVZ d`h blh uke ls f¥f[r iqLrd` ij
vk|kfjr gS] tks I;kj ,oa ækfUr d`h [kst eÍ bV¥h] Hkjr rƒk baMksusfæ;k xbZ ƒÓ\ twf¥;k jkWcVZlΩ fœ`Ye eÍ ,f¥tkcsƒ fxYcVZ
d`h Hwfed`k fuHk jgh gS\
3. og nsæ tgk∑ ‘bClk’ (IBSA) ds` pkSƒs fæ[j lEes¥u d`k vk;kstu uoEcj 2009 eÍ ^Lrkfor gS\ % czkth¥
☛ bafM;k] czkth¥ rƒk lkmƒ v≠`hd`k (IBSA) d`k pkSƒk fæ[j lEes¥u uoEcj 2009 eÍ czkth¥ eÍ ^Lrkfor gS\ bl lEes¥u
eÍ vojks| eqDr O;kikj (Barrier-free trade) ij xEHhjrk ls fopkj fd`;k tk,xk\ ‘bClk’ d`k rhljk fæ[j lEes¥u luΩ 2008
eÍ ubZ fnY¥h eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k ƒk\
4. Hkjr d`k og Vsful f[¥kÈMh ftlus vius fonsæh f[¥kÈMh lkƒh ds` lkƒ fe¥d`j vejhd`h vksiu Vsful-2009 d`k ;qx¥ f[rkc
thrk\ % f¥,aMj isl
☛ f¥,aMj isl rƒk pSd` x.jkT; ds` ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh d`h tksÈMh us flrEcj 2009 eÍ vejhd`h vksiu Vsful d`k ;qx¥ f[rkc
thrk\ twu 2009 f¥,aMj isl rƒk ¥qd`kl M¥ksgh d`h tksÈMh us ≠`kalhlh vksiu d`k ;qx¥ f[rkc Hh thrk ƒk\ isl d`k ;g 10ok∑
xzk≥M L¥se ;qx¥ f[rkc gS\
5. rhu nsækÍ d`h flrEcj 2009 eÍ vk;ksftr og f∂`ds`V Δk~a[¥k ftleÍ ,d` eSp eÍ Hkjr ds` lfpu rÍnq¥d`j us ,d`fnolh; eSpkÍ eÍ
viuk 44ok∑ ærd` cuk;k\ % d`kWEiSd` d`i f(d`ks.h; f∂`ds`V Δk~a[¥k
☛ Hkjr-U;wth¥S≥M-Jh¥ad`k ds` e÷; flrEcj 2009 eÍ [s¥h xbZ ,d`fnolh; eSpkÍ d`h d`kWEiSd` d`i f(d`ks.h; f∂`ds`V Δk~a[¥k d`k
œ`kbu¥ eSp Hkjr o Jh¥ad`k ds` e÷; d`ks¥Ecks eÍ [s¥k x;k ftleÍ Hkjr fot;h jgk\ lfpu rÍnq¥d`j us œ`kbu¥ eSp eÍ 138 ju
cukd`j viuk 44ok∑ ærd` iwjk fd`;k\ lfpu d`ks gh eSu vkWœ` n eSp rƒk eSu vkWœ` n lhfjÈt d`k iqjLd`kj Hh fe¥k\
6. flrEcj 2009 eÍ fnoaxr og vejhd`h Î`f" oSKkfud` ftUgÍ Hkjr eÍ vkbZ gfjr ∂`kfUr ds` f¥, Js; fn;k tkrk gS\
% MkW\ ukWjeu cksj¥kWx
☛ vejhd`h Î`f" oSKkfud` MkW\ ukWjeu cksj¥kWx }kjk xsgw∑ ds` vf|d` mit nsus ok¥s chtkÍ d`k fod`kl fd`;k ƒk ftuds` ^;ksx ls
,fæ;k rƒk ¥sfVu vejhd`k eÍ [k»kUu d`h d`eh d`ks nwj d`jus eÍ lœ`¥rk fe¥h\ Hkjr Hh muds` chtkÍ d`k ^;ksx d`jds` gfjr
d`jus eÍ lœ`¥ jgk rƒk [k»kUu eÍ vkRefuHZjrk ^kIr d`h\ Hkjr us muds` bl ;ksxnku ds` f¥, mUgÍ luΩ 2006 eÍ inΩe foHw".
nsd`j lEekfur fd`;k\ MkW\ cksj¥kWx d`ks 1970 eÍ uksc¥ iqjLd`kj nsd`j lEekfur fd`;k x;k\
7. og nsæ ftld`h lnL;rk jkÆV_e≥M¥ }kjk 1 flrEcj] 2009 ls fu¥fEcr d`j nh xbZ gS\ % fœ`th
☛ fœ`th eÍ fuokZfpr ljd`kj d`k lu 2006 eÍ r“rk i¥V d`j lsuk us l®k ij vf|d`kj d`j f¥;k ƒk\ jkÆV_e≥M¥ us ogk∑ iqu#
pquko d`jkus ,oa ¥ksd`ra( d`h cgk¥h ds` f¥, psrkouh nsrs gq, fu¥Ecu d`h laLrqfr d`h ƒh\ ogk∑ d`h lSU; lefƒZr ≠ß`d` cSuhjke
d`h ljd`kj }kjk fu;r le; lhek eÍ bl lanHZ eÍ d`ksbZ ^Hkoh ,oa ld`kjkRed` d`ne u mBkus ds` d`kj. jkÆV_e≥M¥ us 1 flrEcj]
2009 ls lnL;rk fu¥fEcr d`j nh\
8. og Hkjrh; fœ`Ye ftls bl o"Z fonsæh fœ`Ye oxZ eÍ vkWLd`j iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` f¥, vkf|d`kfjd` ^fofÆV gsrq p;fur fd`;k x;k gS\
% gfjæpUnzkph œS`DVjh
☛ nknk lkgc œ`kYds` }kjk ig¥h fœ`Ye ‘jktk gfjæpUnz’ ds` fuekZ. eÍ vkbÛ d`fBukb;kÍ ij vk|kfjr ejkBh fœ`Ye gfjæpUnzkph
œS`DVjh (Harishchandrachi Factory) d`ks vkxkeh vkWLd`j iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` f¥, Hkjr d`h vkf|d`kfjd` ^fofÆV gsrq vkæk ikjh[ d`h
v÷;”rk ok¥h twjh us pquk gS\ fœ`Ye ds` ¥s[d` ,oa funsZæd` ijsæ eksd`kæh (Paresh Mokashi) gß\ Lokal (2004) ds` ckn ;g
nwljh ejkBh fœ`Ye gS ftls vkf|d`kfjd` Ôi ls pquk x;k gS\
9. nf”. v≠`hd`k d`h og ,ƒ¥hV ftlds` L(h ;k iq:" gksus d`ks ¥sd`j fookn cuk gqvk gS\ % d`kLVj lsesU;k
☛ nf”. v≠`hd`k d`h |kod` d`kLVj lsesU;k L(h ;k iq:" oxZ eÍ j[s tkus d`ks ¥sd`j fookn cuk gqvk gS\ d`kLVj lsesU;k
(Caster Semenya) us cf¥Zu eÍ vxLr 2009 eÍ fo'o ,ƒ¥sfVd` pSfEi;ufæi eÍ 800 eh jsl eÍ Lo.Z ind` thrk ƒk\ lsesU;k ds`
¯¥x ijh”. d`h fjiksVZ vHh vkuh æs" gS\
10. os nks Hkjrh; O;fDr ftUgÍ phu ds` X¥ksc¥ VkbEl }kjk vk|qfud` phu ds` fuekZ. eÍ ;ksxnku nsus ok¥s fo'o ds` egkuΩ ¥ksxkÍ d`h
lwph eÍ lfEef¥r fd`;k x;k gS\ % tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ rƒk jchUnzukƒ VSxksj
☛ phu d`h d`E;qfuLV ikVhZ ls lEc* ,d` lekpkj-i( X¥ksc¥ VkbEl }kjk ,sls 60 fonsæh O;fDr;kÍ d`h lwph tkjh d`h gS ftUgkÍus
vk|qfud` phu ds` fuekZ. eÍ ;ksxnku fn;k gS\ lwph eÍ usgÔ d`k Lƒku 19ok∑ rƒk VSxksj d`k Lƒku 11ok∑ gS\ VSxkSj lwph eÍ ,d`ek(
d`fo gS\ phu eÍ d`E;qfuLV vkUnks¥u d`h 60oÓ o"Zxk∑B 1 vDVwcj] 2009 d`ks eukbZ xbZ ftlds` mi¥{; eÍ ;g lwph tkjh d`h xbZ\
●●●

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/687


tkiku # pquko ifj.ke ds` fufgrkƒZ
tkiku eÍ vxLr 2009 ds` lalnh;
pquko d`k ifj.ke vizR;kfær rƒk Hkjh
m¥Vœs`j ok¥k fl* gqvk gS\ ;g rks pquko
iwoZ ds` vuqekukÍ rƒk losZ{k.kÍ ls gh LiÆV
gks x;k ƒk fd` tkiku eÍ dq`N u;k gksus tk
jgk gS\ nsæ d`h turk l®k|kjh n¥ ds`
usrkvkÍ ds` pkfjf(d` iru ,oa HzÆVkpkj d`ks
vkSj vf|d` lgu d`jus ds` f¥, rS;kj ugÓ
ƒh\ fo'o d`h nwljs uEcj d`h vƒZO;oLƒk
ok¥k nsæ jktuhfrd` Ôi ls la;qDr jkT;
vejhd`k ds` vuqpj ds` Ôi eÍ igpkuk
tk,] ;g mlds` jkÆV_h; vgeΩ d`ks vkgr
d`jrk ƒk\ oSf'od` vkfƒZd` lad`V d`h ekj
rƒk eanh ls mRiUu csjkstxkjh us turk
d`ks >d`>ksj d`j j[ fn;k ƒk\ ,d` fjiksVZ
ds` vuqlkj] ‘‘xkSjr¥c gS fd` tkiku eÍ
csjkstxkjh d`h nj fjd`kWMZ 5·7 izfrær ij
igq∑p xbZ gS\ fiN¥s eghukÍ ds` vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds`
vuqlkj 3,59,000 tkikuh csjkstxkj ƒs\’’
gn rks rc gks xbZ tc pquko d`h iwoZ cs¥k
eÍ tkiku ds` iz|kuea(h rkjks vlks ;g
crkus ds` ctk; fd` mud`h ikVhZ csjkstxkjh
rƒk xjhch d`h pqukSrh d`k lkeuk dS`ls
d`jsxh] turk d`ks minsæ nsus ¥xs fd`
xjhckÍ d`ks æknh ugÓ d`juh pkfg,\ bu
ifjfLƒfr;kÍ eÍ nsæ ds` vUnj l®k|kjh n¥
fojks|h gok tksj id`ÈM jgh ƒh\ tkiku d`k
ernkrk f¥cj¥ Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ] ukSd`j-
ækgkÍ rƒk cÈMs iw∑thifr;kÍ ds` cnuke
xBtksÈM d`ks iqu# l®k ds` xf¥;kjkÍ eÍ
ns[us ds` f¥, rS;kj ugÓ ƒk\ tkiku ds`
ernkrkvkÍ d`h lksp d`k vuqeku ,d`
ernkrk ds` bl d`ƒu ls ¥xk;k tk
ld`rk gS%‘‘geÍ foi{kh n¥kÍ d`h uhfr;kÍ
ls dq`N ¥suk-nsuk ugÓ gS] ge cl cn¥ko
pkgrs gß\’’ Lo;a ,¥\ Mh\ ih\ ds` mik÷;{k
;ksæsfgns lqxk d`ks Lohd`kj d`juk iÈMk fd`
vkt mud`h ikVhZ ftruh cnuke gS] mruh
cnuke og 1955 ds` ckn vkSj d`Hh ugÓ
jgh\
bl i~ÆBHwfe eÍ ;g rks r; ƒk fd`
f¥cj¥ Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ pquko gkjus tk
jgh gS] fd`Urq mld`k ,d` rjg ls lwiÈMk
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/688
lkœ` gks tk,xk bld`h vkæk d`e ¥ksxkÍ d`ks
gh ƒh\ fd`lh Hh n~fÆV ls fopkj fd`;k tk,
Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ vkWœ` tkiku us pquko eÍ
vHwriwoZ lœ`¥rk izkIr d`h\ ;g lœ`¥rk
bl n~fÆV ls vR;Ur egRoiw.Z gks tkrh gS
fd` 2005 ds` lalnh; pquko eÍ d`ksbtqeks ds`
d`fj'ekbZ usr~Ro ds` c¥ ij f¥cj¥ ikVhZ
us Hkjh cgqer izkIr fd`;k ƒk\ bl ckj
ifj.ke m¥V x;k\ Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ us
480 lnL;kÍ ds` fup¥s lnu eÍ 308 lhV
thrd`j ¥xHx nks-frgkbZ cgqer izkIr d`j
f¥;k\ ;g vkækrhr lœ`¥rk ƒh\
;fn 2005 eÍ f¥cj¥ ikVhZ d`h pqukoh
lœ`¥rk d`k Js; ikVhZ ds` rRd`k¥hu usrk
d`ksbtqeks d`ks x;k rks 2009 eÍ Mseksdzs`fVd`
ikVhZ d`h lœ`¥rk d`k Js; mlds` usrk
;qfd`;ks gkrks;kek d`ks tkrk gS\ d`bZ jkt-
uhfrd` i;Zos{kd` gkrks;kek d`ks d`fj'ekbZ
usr~Ro d`h {kerk ds` f¥, d`ksbtqeks ds`
led`{k ekurs gß\ ;qfd`;ks d`k tUe tkiku
ds` ,d` izfrfÆBr jktuhfrd` ?jkus eÍ gqvk\
muds` firkeg bfpjks gkrks;kek f¥cj¥
Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ ds` laLƒkid`kÍ eÍ ls ,d`
ƒs rƒk iz|kuea(h ds` in d`ks Hh lqæksfHr
d`j pq d s ` ƒs \ ;q f d`;ks us Hh viuk
jktuhfrd` lœ`j f¥cj¥ ikVhZ ds` lnL;
ds` Ôi eÍ gh vkjEH fd`;k ƒk\ 1990 rd`
og bl ikVhZ ds` lkƒ tqÈMs jgs\ 1990 ds`
næd` ds` vkjEH eÍ jktuhfrd` erHsn ds`
p¥rs mUgkÍus rƒk f¥cj¥ ikVhZ ds` ,d`
vU; izeq[ usrk bfpjks vkstkok us f¥cj¥
ikVhZ ls ukrk rksÈM f¥;k\ bu nks izeq[
usrkvkÍ ds` gVus ls l®k ij f¥cj¥ ikVhZ
d`h ,d`kf|d`kfjd` id`ÈM d`etksj iÈMus ¥xh
rƒk vYid`k¥ ds` f¥, og l®k ls ckgj
gks xbZ\ f¥cj¥ ikVhZ d`ks NksÈMus ds` mijkUr
;qfd`;ks gkrks;kek us Mseksdsz`fVd` ikVhZ vkWœ`
tkiku d`k xBu fd`;k rƒk muds` usr~Ro eÍ
ikVhZ us 30 vxLr] 2009 ds` pquko eÍ
,sfrgkfld` lœ`¥rk izkIr d`h\
gkrks;kek d`h pqukoh lœ`¥rk d`k jkt
turk d`h uCt igpkuus d`h mud`h {kerk
eÍ fNik gS\ ,d` tehuh usrk ds` Ôi eÍ og
eglwl d`j jgs ƒs fd` turk cn¥ko
pkgrh gS vkSj blf¥, mud`k pqukoh ukjk
ƒk%‘‘cn¥ko ds` f¥, ernku d`jks\’’ bl
ukjs us turk d`h okLrfod` bPNk d`ks
vfHO;Dr d`j mld`h HkoukvkÍ d`ks >ad~`r
d`jus d`k d`ke fd`;k rƒk mlus tksjnkj
<ax ls cn¥ko ds` i{k eÍ ernku d`j
Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ d`ks væZ ij rƒk f¥cj¥
ikVhZ d`ks œ`æZ ij igq∑pk fn;k\ gkrks;kek
d`ks viuh thr d`k iw.Z fo'okl ƒk rƒk
pquko ls ig¥s vius d`k;Zd`rkZvkÍ d`ks
lEcksf|r d`jrs gq, mUgkÍus d`gk ƒk%‘‘;g
pquko ,sfrgkfld` cn¥ko ¥k,axs rƒk ubZ
ihÈ<h nsæ ds` bfrgkl d`h ubZ bckjr
f¥[sxh\’’ mud`h ;g HfoÆ;ok.h v{kjæ#
lR; fl* gqbZ\
pquko ifj.ke vkus ds` mijkUr
gkrks;kek us tkiku d`h turk d`ks
‘cn¥ko’ ds` f¥, ernku d`jus ds` f¥,
|U;okn fn;k\ iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd` ftl
‘cn¥ko’ d`k ukjk gkrks;kek us fn;k rƒk
ftls ernkrk us rgs-fn¥ ls Lohd`kj fd`;k
mld`k rkRi;Z D;k gS= ;qfd`;ks gkrks;kek
ds` vuqlkj ;g cn¥ko f(vk;keh gS\ loZ-
izƒe rks ;g ifjorZu ds` f¥, LiÆV
tuknsæ gS\ nwljs bld`k vƒZ gS fd` tkiku
eÍ turk d`h izHql®k ds` lkj rRo d`ks
cn¥k tk,\ bld`k vfHizk; ;g gS fd`
¥ksd` izæklu eÍ turk d`h lkƒZd` Hkxhnkjh
gks\ rhljs] gkrks;kek ds` vuqlkj cn¥ko
d`k rkRi;Z gS f¥cj¥ Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ }kjk
50 o"Z ds` æklud`k¥ eÍ Lƒkfir cnuke
O;oLƒk d`ks cn¥d`j ubZ O;oLƒk d`k;e
d`h tk,\ ;g ubZ O;oLƒk muds` vuqlkj
iqjkru rƒk uwru ds` laxe ds` Ôi eÍ gksxh\
bl f(vk;keh cn¥ko d`h tusPNk d`ks
Bksl Ôi nsuk rƒk gd`hd`r eÍ cn¥uk
d`ksbZ vklku d`ke ugÓ gS\ ftl jktuhfrd`
n¥ d`ks ;g d`ke d`juk gS] og ,d`
lqLƒkfir n¥ ugÓ gS\ Mseksdzs`fVd` ikVhZ
vHh Hh fuekZ. d`h izfdz`;k ls xqtj jgh
gS\ bruk gh ugÓ bl ikVhZ d`ks ljd`kj
p¥kus d`k Hh d`ksbZ vuqHo ugÓ gS\ f¥cj¥
ikVhZ ds` usrk rkjks vlks us rks bl vuqHo-
ghurk d`ks pqukoh eqˆk cukus d`k Hh
vlœ`¥ iz;kl fd`;k\ vr# gkrks;kek d`ks
,d` lkƒ nks pqukSrhiw.Z d`k;ksÛ d`k lEiknu
d`juk gS\ ig¥k d`k;Z gS viuh ikVhZ d`ks
lgh vƒksÛ eÍ ikVhZ cukuk rƒk nwljk d`k;Z
gS tkiku eÍ ,d` uwru jkT; O;oLƒk d`k
fuekZ. d`juk\ nksukÍ gh pqukSfr;k∑ cgqr cÈMh
gß] bl rF; ls gkrks;kek voxr gß\ uwru
tkiku ds` fuekZ. ds` d`k;Z d`ks nwjnfæZrk
d`k ifjp; nsrs gq, mUgkÍus nwljkÍ ls lg;ksx
¥srs gq, d`jus d`k fu.Z; f¥;k gS\ blf¥,
fup¥s lnu eÍ LiÆV Hkjh cgqer gksus ij
Hh mUgkÍus xBcU|u ljd`kj cukus d`h
?ks".k d`h\ mUgkÍus d`gk fd`%‘‘nks-frgkbZ
cgqer ds` ckn Hh og vke lgefr ds`
vk|kj ij d`ke d`jus d`h d`ksfææ d`jÍxs\’’
gkrks ; kek ljd`kj d`k ,ts ≥ Mk vkS j
izkƒfed`rk,a D;k gß] ;g Hh LiÆV gksrk tk
jgk gS\ gkrks;kek ds` vuqlkj] ‘‘nqfu;k d`h
uEcj nks vƒZO;oLƒk tkiku d`ks orZeku
eÍ tkjh eanh ls cpk, j[uk gekjh lcls
cÈMh pqukSrh gS\’’ bruh gh cÈMh pqukSrh
fæ{kk rƒk jkstxkj d`h fLƒfr eÍ lq|kj
d`juk gS\ f¥cj¥ ikVhZ d`h ljd`kjkÍ us
tkiku d`ks la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k d`k
vuqpj cukd`j j[ fn;k\ gkrks;kek tkiku-
vejhd`k lEcU|kÍ d`ks iqu# ifjHkf"r d`juk
pkgrs gß\ ;g d`ksbZ vklku d`ke ugÓ gksxk\
bruk gh d`fBu d`ke gksxk phu-tkiku
lEcU|kÍ d`ks u;k Bksl vk|kj iznku d`jus
d`h viuh bPNk d`ks okLrfod`rk eÍ cn¥uk\
vfUre iz'u ;g gS fd` D;k bl
cn¥ko d`ks] ftls dq`N jktuhfrd` i;Z -
os{kd`kÍ us ‘jktuhfrd` lqukeh’ d`k uke
fn;k gS] dz`kfUr d`gk tk ld`rk gS=
tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ fo'ofo»k¥; eÍ
vUrjkZÆV_h; dw`Vuhfr ds` izksœs`lj iqÆisæ iar
d`k LiÆV er gS%‘‘dz`kfUr ugÓ gS] tkiku
eÍ ;g cn¥ko\’’ mud`k ekuuk gS%
‘‘njvl¥ tkiku eÍ jktuhfr gks] lekt
gks ;k vƒZO;oLƒk] cqfu;knh cn¥ko ;k
d`ksbZ ubZ æqÔvkr csgn eqf'd`¥ gS\’’
izksœs`lj iar ds` vuqlkj tkikuh pfj( gh
ÔfÈ<;kÍ rƒk ijEijk ls fpids` jgus d`k gS\
‘‘tkiku ijEijk d`k iqtkjh rƒk ifjorZu
d`ks Vk¥us ok¥k gS\’’ rƒk ‘‘d`ÈMok lp
;g gS fd` tkikuh tuekul us mxz
jkÆV_okn rƒk vgad`kjh uL¥okn d`ks d`Hh
iwjh rjg [kfjt ugÓ fd`;k\’’ og ;g Hh
d`grs gß fd` ‘‘vR;k|qfud` le>h tkus
ok¥h tkikuh cgqjkÆV_h; d`Eifu;kÍ d`k
d`kWiksZjsV d`Ypj Hh lkearh-leqjkbZ
laLd`kj d`h uÓo ij gh fVd`k gS\’’ tkikuh
tuekul eÍ fd`lh Hh izd`kj d`h dz`kfUr-
d`kfjrk ds` vHko d`ks js[kafd`r d`jus ds`
lkƒ gh iqÆisæ iar ;g crkuk ugÓ Hw¥rs
fd`%‘‘gkrks;kek d`k mu ewY;kÍ] fl*kUrkÍ
;k fopkjkÍ ls d`ksbZ cqfu;knh erHsn ugÓ
gS] ftu ij vc rd` ogk∑ d`h ljd`kj
d`ke d`j jgh ƒh\’’ vius blh fo'¥s".
ls mUgkÍus fuÆd`"Z fud`k¥k fd` ‘‘dq`¥
fe¥kd`j vkæ; ;g gS fd` tkiku ds`
gk¥ ds` pquko d`ks fd`lh dz`kfUrd`kjh
cn¥ko ds` lw(ikr ds` Ôi eÍ ugÓ ns[k
tk ld`rk\’’ izksœs`lj iar ds` fuÆd`"Z fd`l
lhek rd` lR; gß] bld`k œS`l¥k vkus
ok¥s fnukÍ eÍ tkiku d`k bfrgkl d`jsxk\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/689
vHh rks bruk gh d`gk tk ld`rk gS fd`
tkiku eÍ ‘cn¥ko’ ds` uke ij l®k d`k
gLrkUrj. 50 o"Z ds` nh?Zd`k¥ ds` mijkUr
gqvk gS\ tkiku d`h turk ‘cn¥ko’ pkgrh
la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k # vœz`hd`h uhfr
mlh iqjkuh ¥hd` ij
cjkd` vks c kek ds ` la ; q D r jkT;
vejhd`k d`k jkÆV_ifr pqus tkus ij vœz`hd`k
egk}hi d`h turk eÍ izlUurk d`h ¥gj
nkSÈM xbZ ƒh\ mld`h izlUurk nks d`kj.kÍ ls
ƒh\ ,d`] la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k ds` izƒe
v'osr jkÆV_ifr d`h tÈMÍ vœz`hd`k egk}hi
ls tqÈMh ƒÓ\ vr# egk}hi ij muds` f¥,
‘viuRo’ d`h Hkouk ekStwn ƒh\ nwljs]
vœz`hd`k ds` usrk vkSj turk ;g vk'kk
d`jrs ƒs fd` ifjorZu ds` ukjs ds` lkƒ l®k
eÍ vk, vksckek vœz`hd`h jkÆV_kÍ ds` izfr
iwoZxkeh jkÆV_ifr cqæ d`h opZLooknh uhfr
d`ks Hh ifjofrZr d`jÍxs\
vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij cqæ izæklu d`h
uhfr d`k lkj fuEu æCnkÍ eÍ O;Dr fd`;k
tk ld`rk gS%‘‘vœz`hd`k ds` izkd~`frd`
lalk|ukÍ d`k nksgu rƒk ogk∑ ij lSfud`
vçkÍ d`h Lƒkiuk\’’ vius bl mˆs'; d`h
iwfrZ ds` f¥, cqæ ljd`kj }kjk mBk;k x;k
lcls egRoiw.Z d`ne ƒk%2007 eÍ ‘la;qDr
jkT; vejhd`k-vœz`hd`k d`ekaM’ d`h Lƒkiuk\
vœz`hd`kWe d`h Lƒkiuk ds` ihNs tks mˆs';
d`ke d`j jgs ƒs] mUgÍ ÿkbV gkml ls
tkjh fd`, x, ,d` oDrO; eÍ LiÆV fd`;k
x;k ƒk\ ;g mˆs'; rhu ƒs%(i) egk}hi
ij iztkra( d`ks c¥ iznku d`juk]
(ii) vœz`hd`k ds` lkƒ la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k
ds` lqj{kk lg;ksx d`ks lqn~È< d`juk rƒk
(iii) vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij la;qDr jkT; ds`
fe( jkT;kÍ d`h {kerkvkÍ d`ks vkxs cÈ<kuk\
;g ?ksf"r mˆs'; gkƒh ds` fn[kus ds` nk∑r
d`h rjg ƒs\ vl¥h mˆs'; ƒk vœz`hd`k ds`
izkd~`frd` lalk|ukÍ d`k fu;U(.\ 2003 eÍ
gh cqæ us ¥{; fu|kZfjr d`j f¥;k ƒk fd`
la;qDr jkT; }kjk vk;kfrr rs¥ d`k 25%
vœz`hd`k egk}hi ls izkIr d`juk gS\
jkÆV_ifr cuus ls iwoZ gh cjkd` vksckek
vœz`hd`k d`ek≥M d`h uhfr d`ks Lohd`kj d`j
pqds` ƒs\ mud`k ekuuk ƒk fd` ‘‘,slh
ifjfLƒfr;k∑ vk,axh] tks ek∑x d`jÍxh fd`
?krd` æfDr ds` lkƒ vkrad` ds` fo:`*
;q* d`jus ds` f¥, vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij
la;qDr jkT; vius lg;ksxh jkT;kÍ ds`
lkƒ fe¥d`j d`ke d`js\ vœz`hd`k eÍ la?"Z
d`jus ok¥h ,d`hd~`r d`ekaM ds` gksus ls
bl d`ke eÍ lqfo|k gksxh\’’ bl rjg
vksckek d`h utj eÍ vœz`hd`k-;w\ ,l\ d`ekaM
gS\ u;k ækld` oxZ ‘cn¥ko’ ¥kus ds` f¥,
izfrc* gS\ cn¥ko D;k Ôi xzg. d`jrk
gS%lrgh vƒok cqfu;knh] og vHh HfoÆ;
ds` xHZ eÍ gS\
‘vkrad` ds` fo:* oSf'od` ;q*’ eÍ ,d`
gfƒ;kj ds` Ôi eÍ gS\
,slh fLƒfr eÍ d`ksbZ vk'p;Z ugÓ gS
fd` vksckek-izæklu us vœz`hd`k d`ekaM ds`
f¥, vkoafVr |ujkfæ d`ks cÈ<kd`j nksxquk
d`j fn;k gS rƒk vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij
p¥kbZ tk jgh vkrad` fojks|h ifj;kstuk
ij [pZ d`h tk jgh |ujkfæ eÍ Hh o~f*
d`j nh\ ;g d`ne bl n~fÆV ls foæs"
egRo j[rk gS fd` bls ml le; mBk;k
x;k] tcfd` fo'o ds` vU; HkxkÍ eÍ bu
enkÍ ij fd`, tk jgs O;; eÍ la;qDr jkT;
us Hkjh d`VkSrh d`h gS\
vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij la;qDr jkT; d`h
fo®h; lgk;rk ls ¥kHkfUor gksus ok¥s
jkT;kÍ eÍ izeq[ jkT; gß%bƒksfi;k] pkM
rƒk Hwe÷;js[h; fxuh\ bu rhukÍ gh jkT;kÍ
eÍ iztkra( ds` Lƒku ij loZl®koknh
ljd`kjÍ d`ke d`j jgh gß\ ;g rF; la;qDr
jkT; ds` ml nkos d`h iks¥ [ks¥ nsrk gS]
ftlds` vuqlkj mld`k ¥{; egk}hi ij
iztkra( d`ks etcwr d`juk gS\ pkM rƒk
fxuh rs¥ mRiknd` jkÆV_ gß rƒk bƒksfi;k
vius {ks( eÍ la;qDr jkT; ds` lSfud`
larjh d`h Hwfed`k d`k fuoZgu fuÆBkiwoZd`
d`j jgk gS\ tgk∑ rd` vkrad` ds` fo:*
;q* ls lEcfU|r ifj;kstukvkÍ d`k lEcU|
gS] cjkd` vksckek d`h ljd`kj mu ij
foæs" ÷;ku ns jgh gS\ pk¥w o"Z ds` ctV
eÍ V_kal-lgkjk d`km≥Vj VsjfjTe ikVZujfæi
rƒk bZLV vœz`hd`u LV_sVsftd` buhfl;sfVo
uked` ifj;kstukvkÍ ds` f¥, 4 d`jksÈM 20
¥k[ MkW¥j vkoafVr fd`, x, gß\ bueÍ
izƒe ifj;kstuk d`gÓ vf|d` egRoiw.Z gS]
mlds` ek÷;e ls la;qDr jkT; d`k tqÈMko
pkM] ukbtj] ukbthfj;k] lsusx¥] ek¥h]
V;wuhfæ;k] eksjDd`ks] vYthfj;k vkfn
jkT;kÍ ds` lkƒ gksrk gS\
jkÆV_ifr vksckek us viuh vœz`hd`k
egk}hi d`h ig¥h ;k(k ds` f¥, lksp-
le>d`j ?kuk d`ks pquk\ ;g if'pe
vœz`hd`k eÍ la;qDr jkT; d`h cÈ<rh :fp
d`k lwpd` gS\ if'pe vœz`hd`h jkÆV_kÍ ij
÷;ku ds`fUnzr d`jus ds` nks eq“; d`kj. gß\
,d`] vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij la;qDr jkT; d`h
lSfud` xfrfof|;kÍ d`k lapk¥u eq“;r#
ftcwfr (Djibouti) ds` lSfud` vçs ls gksrk
gS] tks blh {ks( eÍ gS rƒk nks] vf|d`kaæ
if'pe vœz`hd`h jkÆV_ rs¥ mRiknd` ,oa
fu;kZrd` jkÆV_ gß\ ?kuk eÍ Hh O;kolkf;d`
iSekus ij rs¥ mRiknu vkjEH gks x;k gS\
la;qDr jkT; d`h rs¥ mRiknd` {ks( d`ks
fu;U(. eÍ j[us d`h uhfr txtkfgj gS\
d`gus d`ks rks vksckek d`h ?kuk ;k(k
d`k mˆs'; ‘‘lc-lgkjk vœz`hd`k eÍ vius
lokZf|d` fo'oluh; fe( rƒk ikVZuj ds`
lkƒ vejhd`k ds` fj'rkÍ d`ks etcwr d`juk
gS\’’ fd`Urq okLrfod` mˆs'; vœz`hd`kWe d`k
egk}hi ij eq“;k¥; Lƒkfir d`jus gsrq
vçk rƒk mlds` lEes¥u ds` f¥, estcku
jkÆV_ d`h r¥kæ d`juk rƒk ?kuk d`ks blds`
f¥, rS;kj d`juk gS\ ;w\ ,l\-vœz`hd`h
d`ekaM vHh rd` vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij ugÓ
igq∑p ld`h gS] D;kÍfd` d`ksbZ Hh vœz`hd`h
jkÆV_ mld`h estckuh ds` f¥, rS;kj ugÓ
gqvk gS\ cqæ izæklu us Hjiwj iz;kl
ukbthfj;k d`ks vœz`hd`kWe ds` lkƒ tksÈMus
ds` f¥, fd`;k] fd`Urq lœ`¥ ugÓ gq,\
vœz`hd`k d`h jktuhfr ij utj j[us ok¥s
i;Zos{kd`kÍ d`k ekuuk gS fd` vksckek d`h
?kuk ;k(k d`k mˆs'; ml jkÆV_ d`ks
vœz`hd`kWe d`k fgLlk cuus ds` f¥, rS;kj
d`juk gS\ lEHkouk ;gh gS fd` ?kuk eÍ
vksckek ds` iz;kl d`k ogh gJ gksxk] tks
ukbthfj;k ds` lEcU| eÍ cqæ ds` iz;kl d`k
gqvk\ ukbthfj;k d`h rjg ?kuk Hh
xqVfujis{k vkUnks¥u d`k lnL; gS rƒk
lSfud` xBcU|u ls nwj jguk xqVfujis{k
vkUnks¥u d`k cqfu;knh fl*kUr gS\
?kuk eÍ vius ,d` Hk". eÍ vksckek
us nks Vw d ` æCnkÍ eÍ d`gk] ‘‘gekjk
m®jnkf;Ro gS mud`k leƒZu d`juk] tks
{ks( eÍ ftEesnkjkuk <ax ls d`ke d`jrs gß
rƒk mud`ks v¥x-ƒ¥x d`juk] tks ,slk
ugÓ d`jrs\ vejhd`k blh uhfr d`k gh
ik¥u d`jsxk\’’ d`gus d`h tÔjr ugÓ fd`
;gk∑ ftEesnkjkuk <ax ls d`ke d`jus d`k
rkRi;Z gS la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k d`h |qu
ij ukpuk rƒk xSj-ftEesnkj vkpj. d`h
ifjHk"k gS la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k d`k
fojks|\ blh vk|kj ij bƒksfi;k d`k
lSU;oknh-rkukækgh futke ftEesnkj d`h
Js.h eÍ vkrk gS rƒk ftEckCos d`h iztk-
rkfU(d` ljd`kj ij xSj-ftEesnkj gksus d`k
BIik ¥xk gS\ vksckek ljd`kj ftEckCos ds`
fo:* izfrcU|kÍ d`ks tkjh j[ jgh gS\ blh
rjg ekuoh;rk ds` uke ij lwMku ij
ncko cuk;k tk jgk gS\
bl rjg vksckek d`h vœz`hd`h uhfr
d`ks ubZ cksr¥ eÍ iqjkuh æjkc d`gk tk
ld`rk gS\ vœz`hd`k egk}hi ij og vius
iwoZxkeh ds` uDæs-d`ne ij p¥ jgs gß\ og
Hw¥ tkrs gß fd` vœz`hd`h turk mud`h
opZLooknh uhfr d`ks viuh izHql®k ij
ge¥k rƒk uomifuosæokn ds` Ôi eÍ
ns[rh gS rƒk fd`lh Hh lwjr eÍ vœz`hd`kWe
d`ks Lohd`kj ugÓ d`jsxh\ fojklr ds` Ôi eÍ
cqæ d`h vœz`hd`k uhfr d`ks vaxhd`kj d`j
vksckek ;g lqfuf'pr d`j jgs gß fd` bl
egk}hi ij og mrus gh v¥ksd`fiz; gks
tk,a] ftrus cqæ ƒs\ ●●●
c|kbZ lansæ
;g cÈMs g"Z d`k fo"; gS fd` gekjs ,d`
fu;fer ikBd` Jh æfæd`kUr JhokLro d`k
p;u] d`eZpkjh p;u
vk;ksx }kjk vk;ksftr
Lukrd`Lrjh; ijh{kk
2006 ds` rgrΩ Ld`he
‘B’ eÍ] vkWMhVj ds` in
ij vfUre Ôi ls gks
æfæd`kUr JhokLro x;k gS\ vkid`h bl
ækunkj lœ`¥rk ij ge vkid`ks gkfnZd`
c|kbZ izsf"r d`jrs gß rFkk vkids` mTTo¥
HfoÆ; d`h d`keuk d`jrs gß\
%lEiknd`

uohu izLrqfr

xr o"ksÛ ds` ^'u–i(%g¥ lfgr

fgUnh laLd`j. vaxzsth laLd`j.
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^eq[ vkd`"Z.
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Code No. 560 Rs. 90/- Code No. 1638 Rs. 90/- + lkekU; foKku
+ Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk
foæs"r# mi;ksxh v÷;;u lkexzh + n≥M izfdz`;k lafgrk
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mid`kj ^d`kæu] vkxjk–2 ● Website : www.upkar.in mid`kj izd`kæu] vkxjk–2 Website : www.upkar.in

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/690
 vkfƒZd` ¥s[ eÍ 10 ^frær rd` d`h d`eh vk ld`rh gS\
;wjksi rƒk ds`Unzh; ,fæ;k eÍ ld`¥ ?js¥w
mRikn eÍ 5 ^frærkad` rd` d`h d`eh vk,xh\
;fn vkus ok¥s fnukÍ eÍ vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ eÍ
oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ls (Lr fu|Zu nsæ dq`N mRƒku gksrk gS] rks o"Z 2010 eÍ ld`¥
?js¥w mRikn d`h fod`kl nj 1·6 ds` Lrj
 MkW\ ';ke lqUnj ¯lg pkSgku ij fLƒj gks lds`xh\ mi–lgkjk ”s( eÍ
fod`kl nj gkf¥;k o"ksÛ eÍ 5·7 ^frær ds`
flrEcj 2008 eÍ la ; q â ` jkT; opuc*rk,a iwjh ugÓ d`j ik,\ bl ckjs eÍ Lrj ij jgus ds` ckn o"Z 2009 eÍ ek(
vejhd`k eÍ ^d`V gq, fo®h; lad`V d`h fo'o cßd` ds` le~f* lewg (Prospects
¥iVkÍ d`h xehZ vc ¥xHx fo'o ds` lHh Group) ds` funsæd` gßl fVej d`h fVIi.h oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ds` f¥,
nsækÍ eÍ eglwl gksus ¥xh gS\ fo'o cßd` ds` vius vki eÍ d`kœ`h egRoiw.Z gS\ ∏vfLƒjrk m®jnk;h d`kj.
Lrj ij oSf'od` lqLrh ds` foLr~r fo'¥s". d`h fd`lh nwljh ¥gj d`ks jksd`us ds` f¥, ☛ iq u Hq Z x rku ”erk ds` vkd`¥u ds` fcuk
ls ;qâ` tkjh ‘oSf'od` fod`kl fo® fjiksVZ – uhfr;kÍ d`ks Rofjr Ôi ls fo®h; ”s(d` cÈ M s iS e kus ij m|kj nsuk\
2009 ds` ,d` vkd`¥u ds` vuqlkj fo'o lq|kjkÍ ,oa fu|Zure nsækÍ d`h lgk;rk ij ☛ d`etks j fuosæ fu.Z;u\
ds` fu|Zu nsækÍ d`h vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ d`ks ds`fUnzr gksuk pkfg,π ☛ uhph okLrfod` C;kt njkÍ ,oa i;kZIr
oSf'od` eanh (Global Recession) ls ,d` rj¥rk ds` ckjs eÍ vfr fo'okl rƒk
fo'o cßd` ds` vkd`¥u ds` vuqlkj lq[kHkl\
fV_f¥;u MkW¥j ls Hh vf|d` d`h gkfu luΩ 2009 eÍ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`h fod`kl ☛ fofu;ked` vlœ`¥rk,a\
mBkuh iÈMsxh\ nj 1·2 ^frær jgus d`k vuqeku gS] ☛ cßd` ^æklu d`h nqcZ¥rk,a\
fo'o cßd` ds` vk∑d`ÈMs nækZrs gß fd` tcfd` bu nsækÍ d`h fod`kl nj o"Z 2007 ☛ c~grΩ vkfƒZd` vlUrq¥u\
fo®h; lad`V ds` d`kj. fod`klæh¥ fo'o ,oa 2008 eÍ ∂`eæ# 8 ^frær ,oa 5·9
d`h vksj ekSfnzd` ^okg%fonsæh ^R;” fuosæ] ^frær jgh] ¥sfd`u ;fn fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ
iksVZœ`ksf¥;ks fuosæ] vuqnku ,oa lgk;rk ds` oxZ ls Hkjr rƒk phu d`ks ckgj d`j oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ls fuiVus
vk|s ls Hh d`e jg x, gß\ la\ jk\ vejhd`k fn;k tkrk gS] rks o"Z 2008 eÍ æs" ds` f¥, fod`flr ,oa fod`klæh¥
rƒk fczVsu d`h vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ eÍ lq|kj fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`h fod`kl nj 6 ^frær nsækÍ d`h ^kƒfed`rk,a
·mRƒku‚ ds` lads`r fe¥us ds` ckotwn ;k ^fr O;fâ` vk; ds` Ôi eÍ 0·6 ^frær ☛ ?js¥w m|kj nsus d`h ^f∂`;k rƒk iw∑th
vUrjkZÆV_h; iw∑th ds` vHko ds` p¥rs fo'o jg tkrh gS ] ftlds ` ifj.keLoÔi ds` vUrjkZÆV_h; ^okg d`ks tkjh j[us
ds` fu|Zu nsæ vis”kÎ`r ¥Ech vof| rd` fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ eÍ cÈMs iSekus ij jkstxkj d`k G–20 lewg d`k vk'oklu\
vkfƒZd` eanh eÍ œ∑`ls jgÍxs] D;kÍfd` bu voljkÍ eÍ Ökl rƒk cgqr cÈMh la“;k eÍ ☛ mHjrh cktkjh vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ ds`
nsækÍ d`h ljd`kjkÍ] lkoZtfud` ,oa futh ¥ksxkÍ ds` fu|Zurk ed`ÈMtk¥ eÍ œ∑`l tkus lE^Hq ,oa fuxfer m|kj ¥sus ok¥kÍ
d`Eifu;kÍ ds` ikl fuosæ gsrq okafNr d`h vkæad`k gS\ lEHor# foxr nks næd`kÍ d`h ckÌ fo®h; vko';d`rkvkÍ d`ks
lalk|u gh ugÓ gkÍxs\ oSf'od` lqLrh d`k eÍ ,slk ig¥h ckj gks jgk gS] tcfd` iwjk d`juk\
lokZf|d` ^frdw`¥ ^Hko v≠`hd`h] ds`Unzh; fujis” ,oa lkis” nksukÍ gh Ôi ls fu|Zurk ☛ fu|Zu nsækÍ d`ks lgk;rk rƒk
,oa iwohZ ;wjksih; rƒk ¥kfru vejhd`h nsækÍ ds` ^lkj eÍ o~f* gks jgh gS tks lh|s–lh|s lgL(kCnh fod`kl ¥{;kÍ (MDGs)
ij iÈM jgk gS\ rsth ls fod`flr gks jgh oSf'od` lqLrh d`k ifj.ke gS\ d`ks iwjk d`jus ls tqÈMh opuc*rkvkÍ
vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ tSlsfd` phu rƒk Hkjr ij ,oa ^frc*rkvkÍ d`ks iwjk d`juk\
oSf'od` eanh d`k ^Hko vis”kÎ`r dq`N d`e ld`¥ ?js¥w mRikn eÍ fxjkoV ☛ c߯d`x-^.k¥h eÍ ljd`kjh LokfeRo d`ks
gS\ bu nksukÍ nsækÍ d`h fod`kl nj vHh Hh |hjs–|hjs lekIr d`juk rƒk jkt-
lexz Ôi ls oSf'od` ld`¥ ?js¥w d`ks"h; iks".h;rk d`ks iquLƒkZfir
6·5 ^frær ls ˜ij cus jguk bud`h
mRikn ds` o"Z 2009 eÍ ?Vd`j 2·9 ^frær d`juk\
vkfƒZd` lqn~È<rk d`k ^rhd` gS\ jg tkus d`h lEHkouk gS rƒk fo'o O;kikj
fuosæ ^okgkÍ eÍ Hkjh fxjkoV
oSf'od` eanh ds` nkSjku okLrfod` ld`¥ ?js¥w mRikn d`h okf"Zd` lao~f* nj
oSf'od` fod`kl fo® fjiksVZ–2009 ds` ·^frær eÍ ∂`;æfâ` lerk ij vk|kfjr‚
vuqlkj fu|Zu nsækÍ d`ks fuo¥ futh iw∑th
^okg o"Z 2007 eÍ 1·2 fV_f¥;u MkW¥j ls 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
41 ^frær ?Vd`j o"Z 2008 eÍ 0·707 la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k 2·0 1·0 – 3·0 1·8 2·5
fV_f¥;u MkW¥j gh jg x;k\ fjiksVZ ds` tkiku 2·3 – 0·7 – 6·8 1·0 2·0
vuqlkj o"Z 2009 eÍ ;g ^okg 0·363 phu 13·0 9·0 6·5 7·5 8·5
fV_f¥;u MkW¥j gh jg tk,xk\ fod`flr Hkjr 9·0 6·1 5·1 8·0 8·5
nsækÍ }kjk fu|Zu nsækÍ d`ks fn, tk jgs vuqnku nf”. v≠`hd`k 5·1 3·1 – 1·5 2·6 4·1
rƒk vkfƒZd` lgk;rk jkfæ;k∑ futh iw∑th czkth¥ 5·7 5·1 – 1·1 2·5 4·1
fuosæ eÍ gks jgh d`eh d`h HjikbZ ugÓ d`j
esfDld`ks 3·3 1·4 – 5·8 1·7 3·0
ik,axh\ th–8 nsækÍ ds` nks nsækÍ% ≠`kal rƒk
bV¥h d`ks bl ckr ds` f¥, Hkjh vk¥kspuk Ôlh ifjla? 8·1 5·6 – 7·5 2·5 3·0
d`k lkeuk d`ju iÈMk gS fd` fu|Zu nsækÍ d`ks fo'o 3·8 1·9 – 2·9 2·0 3·2
lgk;rk fn, tkus ds` eke¥s `eÍ os viuh lzksr% fo'o cßd` # oSf'od` fod`kl fo® fjiksVZ – 2009
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/691
1·0 ^frær ij jg tk,xh] D;kÍfd` bu
nsækÍ ds` fonsækÍ eÍ d`k;Zjr Jfed`kÍ }kjk
Lonsæ Hsts tkus ok¥s vUrj.kÍ ,oa fonsæh
^R;” fuosæ vUr^zZokgkÍ eÍ Hkjh fxjkoV
vk,xh\ ,fæ;k eÍ oSf'od` eanh d`k lcls
?krd` ^Hko ƒkb¥S≥M ij iÈMk gS tgk∑
2008 ds` vfUre (Sekl eÍ ld`¥ ?js¥w
mRikn eÍ 20 ^frær ls vf|d` d`h fxjkoV
ntZ d`h xbZ gS\ bl fjiksVZ ds` ¥s[d`kÍ eÍ ls
,d` ealwj nS¥keh d`k rks ;gk∑ rd` d`guk gS
fd` geÍ ;g le> ¥suk pkfg, fd` bl tSlk
lad`V blls ig¥s Hh iSnk gh ugÓ gqvk\
oSf'od` eanh rƒk vkS»ksfxd` mRiknu
oSf'od` eanh d`k ^Hko vc fofuekZ.h
”s(d` rƒk muds` oSf'od` O;kikj ij Hh
iÈMus ¥xk gS\ 2008 ds` vfUre (Sekl eÍ
oSf'od` vkS»ksfxd` mRiknu eÍ v^R;kfær
Ôi ls 5 ^frær d`h fxjkoV ntZ d`h xbZ\
·okf"Zd` Ôi ls 21 ^frær d`h fxjkoV‚
mPp vk; nsækÍ eÍ 2009 ds` ig¥s (Sekl
·tuojh–ekpZ 2009‚ eÍ vkS»ksfxd` mRiknu
fiN¥s o"Z d`h blh vof| d`h rq¥uk eÍ
17·3 ^frær rƒk fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ eÍ 2·3
^frær d`e gks x;k\ iw∑thxr oLrqvkÍ d`k
mRiknu d`jus ok¥s fo'o ds` nsækÍ eÍ ls
tkiku eÍ vkS»ksfxd` mRiknu ekpZ 08 ds`
eqd`kc¥s ekpZ 2009 eÍ 34 ^frær] teZuh
eÍ 22 ^frær rƒk nf”. d`ksfj;k eÍ 12
^frær rd` uhsps fxj x;k\
fonsæh ^R;” fuosæ eÍ Hkjh fxjkoV
fo'o cßd` d`h vkæad`k gS fd` o"Z
2009 eÍ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ eÍ fonsæh ^R;”
fuosæ eÍ 30 ^frær d`h fxjkoV ls ;g
385 fcf¥;u MkW¥j ds` Lrj ij vk tk,xk]
tks ld`¥ ?js¥w mRikn eÍ 1 ^frær rd`
d`h fxjkoV ¥k,xk\ luΩ 1986 d`h rq¥uk
eÍ fonsæh ^R;” fuosæ eÍ ;g fxjkoV
10 ^frær ds` ¥xHx gksxh\ ,slk gksus d`k
^eq[ d`kj. cgqjkÆV_h; d`Eifu;kÍ }kjk
fonsæh ^R;” fuosæ d`h fLƒfr eÍ cÈMs
iSekus ij Lƒk;h rƒk vrj¥ vkfLr;kÍ eÍ
fuosæ d`juk gS] fd`Urq vkfƒZd` lad`V d`h
fLƒfr eÍ blds` fofuosæ d`jus eÍ d`fBukbZ
gksuk LokHkfod` gS\
o"Z 2008 eÍ lao~f* nj eÍ oSf'od`
fxjkoV ls ¥xHx lHh cgqjkÆV_h; d`Eifu;kÍ
d`h ¥kH^nrk eÍ d`eh vkbZ gS] ogÓ d`Bksj
lk[ nækvkÍ rƒk d`etksj oSf'od` ek∑x us
foLrkj d`jus d`h cgqjkÆV_h; d`Eifu;kÍ d`h
”erk rƒk bPNk nksukÍ d`ks gh lhfer d`j
fn;k gS\ oSf'od` Lrj ij oLrqvkÍ d`h
d`herkÍ eÍ gks jgh fxjkoV us fonsæh ^R;”
fuosæ ^okg d`ks grksRlkfgr fd`;k gS\ ˜tkZ
”s( d`h vusd` d`Eifu;kÍ us viuh fuosæ
;kstukvkÍ d`ks Lƒfxr d`j fn;k gS\ `oSf'od`
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/692
oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V d`k mnΩxe (Origin)
fo®h; cktkjkÍ ds` |jkæk;h gksus rƒk oSf'od` eanh d`k ew¥ (Origin) 2003–04 d`h rsth
(Boom) eÍ Nqik gS\
2003–04 d`h rsth ds` rRo%
☛ vkSlr oSf'od` fod`kl nj%5·0 ^frær ·1970 ds` næd` ds` ckn ls lokZf|d` iks".h;
nj‚
☛ bfDoVh d`herkÍ ,oa oLrqvkÍ d`h d`herkÍ eÍ rsth d`k nkSj\
☛ tksf[e jfgr C;kt njkÍ eÍ Hkjh fxjkoV%la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k eÍ œs`Mj¥ d`ks" d`h nj
2001 eÍ 6 ^frær ls ?Vd`j 2003 ds` e÷; eÍ 1 ^frær ds` Lrj ij vk xbZ\
☛ vf|d` tksf[e;qâ` vkfLr;kÍ d`h ek∑x eÍ o~f*\
☛ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ds` iw∑th ^okg eÍ fjd`kWMZ Lrj d`h o~f*\
☛ mHjrs–cktkj ckW≥MkÍ ij œS`¥ko fldq`ÈMrk x;k\
☛ vfHjf”r mid`j.kÍ ,oa lajpuk;qâ` (Structured) fo®h; mRiknkÍ lfgr fo®h;u
vfHuohd`j.
fo®h; lad`V d`h mRif® ds` vU; d`kjd`%
☛ fofu;ked` laLƒkvkÍ ds` lad`V d`ks le>us eÍ vlœ`¥rk\
☛ ‘Nk;k c߯d`x ^.k¥h’ (Shadow Banking System).
☛ cßd`kÍ ds` Lo;a ds` ewY;kad`ukÍ ij fofu;ksxd`kÍ d`h vfrfuHZjrk\
fo®h; lad`V d`k ^kjEH%
☛ la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k ds` vkokl ”s( eÍ oSf'od` vkfLr d`herkÍ eÍ o~f* ·la;qâ`` jkT;
vejhd`k d`k vkokl d`her lwpd`kad` o"Z 2000 ds` ig¥s (Sekl ls o"Z 2006 ds` nwljs
(Sekl d`h vof| eÍ nksxquk gks x;k\‚
☛ 2006 eÍ vkoklh; vkfLr;kÍ d`h d`herkÍ eÍ fxjkoV d`k nkSj ^kjEH\
☛ vkoklh; vkfLr;kÍ ds` Lokeh )`.nkrkvkÍ }kjk )`. u pqd`k;k tkuk\
☛ cÈMs iSekus ij vkoklh; vkfLr;kÍ d`h ?Vh d`herkÍ ij fc∂`h\
☛ vkoklh; vkfLr;kÍ d`h d`herÍ loksZPp Lrj ls fxjd`j ,d`-frgkbZ Lrj ij vk xbÛ\
☛ la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k] ;w\ ds`\] teZuh] ≠`kal] uhnj¥S≥M] vkLV_sf¥;k ,oa d`ukMk ds`
vusd` fo®h; laLƒkukÍ d`ks la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k d`h lc–^kbe vkfLr;kÍ eÍ Hkjh gkfu\
☛ ekftZu ek∑x d`ks iwjk d`jus ds` f¥, fo®h; laLƒkukÍ }kjk vkfLr;kÍ d`h |ÈMk|ÈM fc∂`h\
☛ ?kVs d`ks iwjk d`jus rƒk ¥xkrkj fxjrs iw∑th vuqikrkÍ d`ks cuk, j[us ds` f¥, cßd`kÍ
}kjk vkfLr;kÍ d`h fc∂`h\
☛ cßd`kÍ d`k fnokf¥;k gks tkuk\
fuosæd` ^k;# fod`flr ,oa fod`klæh¥ ☛ vUrjkZÆV_h; fo®h; fofu;ked` <k∑ps eÍ
nsækÍ eÍ jkÆV_h;d`j. d`h uhfr;kÍ d`ks ¥sd`j cÈMs iSekus ij lq|kj ¥k, tkus d`h
Hh vkæafd`r gS\ vko';d`rk gS\
oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ds` ifj.ke fod`klæh¥ ,oa fu|Zu nsækÍ ij
la”si eÍ oSf'od` lad`V fuEuf¥f[r fo®h; lad`V d`k ^Hko
ÔikÍ eÍ ifj¥f”r gqvk gS% la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k rƒk vU;
☛ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ eÍ d`k;Zjr fuxe fod`flr nsækÍ eÍ eglwl fd`, x, fo®h;
xEHhj fo®h; d`fBukb;kÍ d`k lkeuk lad`V ds` ^kjfEHd` nkSj eÍ rsth ls mHjrh
d`j jgs gß« vusd` vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ tSlsfd` phu rƒk
☛ cÈMs iSekus ij ckÌ fo®h;u vko';d`- Hkjr us fuEuf¥f[r d`kjd`kÍ/mik;kÍ d`h
rkvkÍ ij fuHZj nsæ Hqxrku lUrq¥u lgk;rk ls Lo;a d`ks bl lad`V ls cpus eÍ
leL;k d`k lkeuk d`j jgs gß\ lœ`¥rk ^kIr d`h\
☛ uhph vk; ok¥s nsækÍ ds` ikl fo®h; ☛ fonsæh d`jÍlh m|kj d`ks lhfer d`jus
lad`V ls fuiVus ¥k;d` lalk|u gh ok¥h mUur uhfr;kÍ d`k d`k;kZUo;u«
ugÓ gß\ ☛ Lƒkuh; ckW≥M cktkjkÍ ds` fod`kl d`ks
☛ foLrkjoknh uhfr;kÍ gsrq lEHkO;rk ^ksRlkgu«
fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ eÍ egRoiw.Z <ax ls ☛ eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj eÍ d`eh«
v¥x–v¥x gS\ ☛ jktd`ks"h; ?kVs eÍ d`eh«
☛ oSf'od` lqLrh ls ckgj fud`¥us ds` ☛ fonsæh fofue; ^kjf”r fuf|;kÍ eÍ
f¥, vUrjkZÆV_h; uhfr leUo; d`h o~f*\
Hwfed`k vfr egRoiw.Z gksxh\ æs" i~ÆB 694 ij
 vkfƒZd` ¥s[ Hh ,slk gh gks jgk gS\ xsgw∑] pko¥] nk¥Í rƒk
phuh d`h vUrjkZÆV_h; d`herkÍ eÍ 18–63
^frær rd` d`h o~f* gks xbZ gS\ lw[k ls
[k» inkƒksÛ d`h cÈ<rh d`herÍ] Î`f" ”s(d` d`h fod`kl nj eÍ ,d` ls MsÈ<
^frærkad` rd` d`h d`eh vk ld`rh gS\
lw[k vkSj lekosæh fod`kl bld`k lh|k ^Hko nsæ d`h nks-frgkbZ ls
vf|d` tula“;k d`h okLrfod` vk; eÍ
vi.kZ Hkj}kt d`eh ds` Ôi eÍ ifj¥f”r gksxk] D;kÍfd`
xzkeh. ”s(kÍ d`h vf|laa“; tula“;k ds`
;kstukd`k¥ ds` ig¥s rhu næd`kÍ ds` gS\ ljd`kjh ;k xSj-ljd`kjh vk∑d`ÈMs] tks thou;kiu rƒk vk; vtZu d`k ^eq[
nkSjku jkÆV_h; vk; d`h ‘fgUnw fod`kl nj’ d`gÍ] bleÍ d`ksbZ lUnsg ugÓ gS fd` Hkjrh; lzksr Î`f" gh gS\ eke¥k pkgs [k» inkƒksÛ
·^ks\ jkt Î`Æ.k d`h vo|kj.k‚ ds` ckn] lekt ds` ,d` cÈMs oxZ d`h cqfu;knh d`h d`herkÍ eÍ gks jgh o~f* d`k gks ;k fœ`j
80 ds` næd` d`h ‘lsD;w¥j fod`kl nj’ lqfo|kvkÍ rd` igq∑p vfr lhfer gS\ lw[k ds` ifj.keLoÔi Î`f" ,oa lgk;d`
vkSj foxr nks næd`kÍ ds` nkSjku ntZ d`h f∂`;k,a ”s(d` eÍ mRiknu eÍ d`eh vkus d`k\
xbZ\ mPp fod`kl nj ds` lkƒ Hkjrh; [k»kUukÍ d`h d`eh rƒk [k» inkƒksÛ nksukÍ gh Ôi eÍ bld`h ekj vkfƒZd` n~fÆV
vƒZO;oLƒk vkt fo'o d`h rsth ls d`h d`herkÍ eÍ o~f* rƒk lw[k ls d`etksj oxksÛ ij gh iÈMsxh\ ml voLƒk
fod`flr gks jgh vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ eÍ ls ,d` eÍ lekosæh fod`kl ds` ¥{; d`ks ^kIr d`j
oSf'od` ,oa ?js¥w nksukÍ gh LrjkÍ ij
gS\ lexz Ôi ls Hkjrh; vƒZO;oLƒk d`h ikuk ¥xHx vlEHo gks tk,xk\
d`her ^o~f®;kÍ eÍ ,d` fojks|kHkl ns[us
lqn~È<rk blh rF; ls ^ekf.r gks tkrh gS d`ks fe¥ jgk gS\ o"Z 2008-09 ds` ^ƒe Hkjr ljd`kj ds` uhfr-fuekZ. rƒk
fd` o"Z 2008 vkSj vc 2009 eÍ] tgk∑ fo'o (Sekl eÍ ntZ d`h xbZ eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h ˜∑ph jktuhfrK/vƒZækL(h nkok d`j jgs gß fd`
d`h vusd` fod`flr-fod`klæh¥ vƒZ- nj Hkjr eÍ lekIr gks xbZ gS\ twu 2009 laxfBr ”s(d` ij lw[k d`k ^Hko lhfer
O;oLƒk,a] la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k tfur eÍ ƒksd` ewY; lwpd`kad` vk|kfjr eqnzk jgsxk vkSj lexz Ôi ls ld`¥ ?js¥w
,sfrgkfld` eanh d`k fæd`kj gksd`j vfr Lœ`hfr d`h nj )`.kRed` (–) 1·73 ds` mRikn eÍ lw[k ds` d`kj. ekew¥h-lh d`eh
uhph ;k )`.kRed` fod`kl nj ntZ d`j jgh fup¥s Lrj ij igq∑p xbZ] ¥sfd`u blds` vk,xh\ blls jkT;kÍ eÍ vleku Ôi ls
gß ] ogÓ Hkjrh; vƒZ O ;oLƒk eÍ o"Z Bhd` foijhr miHksDrk ewY; lwpd`kad`kÍ forfjr ægjh laxfBr vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ jg
2008-09 eÍ 6 ^frær ls vf|d` d`h ·xzkeh. Jfed`kÍ ds` f¥, miHksDrk ewY; jgh tula“;k jkgr eglwl d`j ld`rh gS]
fod`kl nj ntZ d`h xbZ gS\ bruk gh ugÓ] lwpd`kad`] Î`f" Jfed`kÍ ds` f¥, miHksDrk ¥sfd`u uhfr fuekZrkvkÍ ds` ikl xzkeh.
o"Z 2009-10 d`h nwljh frekbZ eÍ fofuekZ.hewY; lwpd`kad`] vkS»ksfxd` Jfed`kÍ ds` f¥, ”s(d` ds` f¥, nsus d`ks D;k gS = foæs" rkSj
”s(d` us tks mRlkgo*Zd` ifj.ke fn, gß] miHksDrk ewY; lwpd`kad` rƒk ægjh xSj- ij mu jkT;kÍ eÍ ftud`h vƒZO;oLƒk eq“;
mlls vƒZO;oLƒk ds` fœ`j ls mPp fod`kl ækjhfjd` Je d`kexkjkÍ ds` f¥, miHksDrk Ôi ls Î`f" ij fuHZj gS\
nj d`h iVjh ij vkus d`h lEHkouk,a ^c¥ ewY; lwpd`kad`‚ ij vk|kfjr eqnzkLœ`hfr
gks xbZ gß] ¥sfd`u vc vf|Î`r rkSj ij d`h nj 8–10 ^frær ds` chp cuh gqbZ gS\ jkÆV_h; xzkeh. jkstxkj xkjUVh
ljd`kj] fu;kstud`rkZvkÍ] uhfr-fuekZrkvkÍ [k» inkƒksÛ%vuktkÍ ·xsgw∑] pko¥] eDd`k] ;kstuk rƒk lekosæh fod`kl
rƒk vƒZækfL(;kÍ us Lohd`kj d`j f¥;k gS cktjk] nk¥kÍ] fr¥gukÍ] œ`¥kÍ] lfCt;kÍ]
fd` Hkjr d`k fod`kl fd`lh Hh ^kp¥ ds` lekt ds` d`etksj oxksÛ d`ks lokZf|d`
phuh-xqÈM] vkfn d`h d`herkÍ eÍ o~f* d`k jkgr igq∑pk ld`us ok¥k d`k;Z∂`e jkÆV_h;
vk|kj ij lekosæh ugÓ gS\ mPp fod`kl nkSj tkjh gS\ o"Z 2009 eÍ ekulwu d`h o"kZ
nj d`k ¥kH ‘Vid`u ^Hko fl*kUr’ ds` xzkeh. jkstxkj xkjUVh ;kstuk gS] tks
lkekU; ls d`e gksus ds` d`kj. iatkc] lekosæh fod`kl d`h vo|kj.k d`ks lkƒZd`
vuqlkj lekt ds` lcls fup¥s ik;nku gfj;k.k] m®j ^nsæ] jktLƒku] vkU|z
ij cSBs ¥ksxkÍ rd` ugÓ igq∑p ld`k gS\ d`jrh gS\ foiUurk eÍ thou;kiu d`jus
^nsæ] d`ukZVd` rƒk xqtjkr vkSj egkjkÆV_ ok¥kÍ d`ks lkekftd`-vkfƒZd` lqj”k d`k
;kstuk vk;ksx ds` vuqlkj nsæ d`h ds` vusd` ”s(kÍ eÍ lw[k iÈM tkus ls [jhœ` lokZf|d` lVhd` mik; mUgÍ vk; l~tud`kjh
28 ^frær tula“;k o"Z 2004-05 eÍ d`h œ`l¥kÍ d`h le; ls cqokbZ ugÓ gks ikbZ\ jkstxkj usVodZ` ds` vUrxZr ¥kus d`k gS\
fu|Zurk js[k ls uhps jg jgh gS\ fu|Zurk tgk∑ cqokbZ gks Hh xbZ] ogk∑ mud`k mRiknu tc ¥ksxkÍ d`ks jkstxkj fe¥sxk] rks mud`h
ds` ifjek. vkSj ?krd`rk d`k vuqeku uhpk jgus d`h vkæad`k gS\ pko¥ lfgr vk; rƒk miHksx Lrj eÍ o~f* gksxh vkSj
¥xkus ds` f¥, ^|kuea(h d`h vkfƒZd` [jhœ` d`h vU; œ`l¥kÍ d`k mRiknu ;fn os LokHkfod` Ôi ls fu|Zurk-csjktxkjh-
ijkeæZnk(h ifj"nΩ ds` iwoZ v÷;” ^ks\ fiN¥s o"Z d`h rq¥uk eÍ bl o"Z fxjrk gS] dq`iks". ds` dq`p∂` ls ckgj fud`¥ ldÍ`xs\
lqjsæ rÍnq¥d`j d`h v÷;”rk eÍ xfBr tksfd` lqfuf'pr gS] rks [k» inkƒksÛ d`h lw[k-^Hkfor ”s(kÍ eÍ Î`f" d`k;ksÛ eÍ d`eh
d`k;Zn¥ us tks ekud` fu|kZfjr fd`, gß] d`herkÍ eÍ vkSj Hh vf|d` o~f* gksus d`h vk tkus ls jkÆV_h; xzkeh. jkstxkj xkjUVh
muds` vk|kj ij o"Z 2004-05 eÍ gh nsæ vkæad`k gS\ ;kstuk tSls jkstxkj l~tud`kjh ;kstukvkÍ
d`h 38 ^frær tula“;k fu|Zurk js[k ls Hkjr tS l s Î`f" ^|ku ns æ eÍ eÍ d`ke ek∑xus ok¥kÍ d`h la“;k eÍ o~f*
uhps jg jgh ƒh\ Hkjr ljd`kj ds` xzkeh. [k»kUukÍ d`h d`eh gksus ls tc ?js¥w gksxh\ bueÍ ls fd`rus ¥ksxkÍ d`ks jkstxkj
fod`kl ea(k¥; }kjk fofHUu d`k;Z∂`ekÍ ds` cktkj eÍ [k» inkƒksÛ d`h d`herkÍ eÍ o~f* fe¥sxk vkSj blls fd`rus ¥ksx laiks".h;
f¥, fu|Zurk js[k ls uhps jgus ok¥s gksus ¥xrh gS\ bl fo"e fLƒfr ls fuiVus vk|kj ij ,d` vPNk thou;kiu O;rhr
ifjokjkÍ d`ks fpfÕr d`jus ds` f¥, ,u\lh\ ds` f¥, ljd`kj bu ¯tlkÍ ds` vk;kr d`h d`jus eÍ l”e gkÍxs] ;g cgl d`k ,d`
lDlsuk d`h v÷;”rk eÍ xfBr lfefr d`k ?ks".k d`jrh gS\ vk;kr d`h ?ks".k gksrs gh eqnΩnk gks ld`rk gS] ¥sfd`u orZeku
vkd`¥u gS fd` nsæ d`h 50 ^frær [k» inkƒksÛ ds` vUrjkZÆV_h; cktkj eÍ ifjfLƒfr;kÍ eÍ tks lqLiÆV rkSj ij fn[kbZ
tula“;k fu|Zurk js[k ls `uhps jg jgh rRd`k¥ mNk¥ vkus ¥xrk gS\ orZeku eÍ ns jgk gS] og ;g fd` lekosæh fod`kl
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/693
vHh Hh] vusd` ¥ksxkÍ ds` f¥, ,d` fnok eqgS;k d`jk ik jgh gß vkSj u csjkstxkjh
LoIu tSlk gh gS\ H®k ns ik jgh gß\ blds` foijhr ,slh Hh
xzke iapk;rÍ gß] foæs" Ôi ls egkuxjkÍ] ,oa
jkÆV_h; xzkeh. jkstxkj xkjUVh ;kstuk] uxjkÍ ds` vkl-ikl] ftuds` ikl vkoafVr
lS*kfUrd` Ôi ls ,d` vknæZ d`k;Z∂`e gS] |u d`k mi;ksx ugÓ gks ik jgk gS\ ,slh
¥sfd`u blds` f∂`;kUo;u rƒk mi¥fC|;kÍ xzke iapk;rkÍ ds` vf|d`kaæ ;qok ,oa
d`k tks fp( fofHUu jkT;kÍ eÍ mHj d`j d`kexkj ægjkÍ eÍ tkd`j jkstxkj ^kIr d`j
lkeus vk jgk gS] og d`ksbZ cgqr vf|d` ¥srs gß\ muds` f¥, vdq`æ¥ Jfed` ds` f¥,
mRlkgo*Zd` ugÓ gS\ foæs" rkSj ij m®j ns; U;wure etnwjh nj ij d`ke d`juk
^nsæ tSls cÈMs jkT;kÍ eÍ\ m®j ^nsæ eÍ o"Z v¥kHd`kjh gS\s
2009-10 ds` ^ƒe 6 ekg eÍ ^fr ifjokj
vkSlru 41 fnu d`k gh d`ke fe¥ ld`k fo®h; lekosæu rƒk lekosæh
tcfd` d`kuwuu iwjs o"Z eÍ d`e-ls-d`e 100 fod`kl
fnu d`k d`ke fe¥us d`k ^ko|ku gS\ bl lekosæh fod`kl d`k ,d` ^eq[ la?Vd`
fo®h; lekosæu (Financial Inclusion)
vof| eÍ m®j ^nsæ ljd`kj d`ks 3,244
d`jksÈM :i, ds`Unz ljd`kj ls fe¥s] ¥sfd`u gS \ fo®h; lekosæu ls rkRi;Z lekt ds`
ek( 1,610 d`jksÈM :i, gh [pZ fd`, tk lHh oxks Û ] foæs" Ôi ls vkfƒZd` n~fÆV ls
lds`\ m®j ^nsæ eÍ ds`o¥ 26,144 ifjokj d`etks j oxks Û d`ks mud`h vko';d`rk ds`
,sls gß ftUgÍ pk¥w fo® o"Z eÍ 100 fnu d`k vuq Ô i lk[-lq fo|k eqgS;k d`jkus] cpr
jkstxkj fe¥ ld`k gS\ bld`h rq¥uk eÍ cß d ` tS l h lq f o|k mi¥C| d`jkus« chek
vkU|z ^nsæ eÍ 4,94,436 ifjokjkÍ] jktLƒku vkfn d`jkd`j] mUgÍ lkekftd` lqj”k
eÍ 3,28,756 ifjokjkÍ] egkjkÆV_ eÍ 56,781 us V odZ ` ds ` rgrΩ ¥kus ls gS\ foxr o"ksÛ eÍ
ifjokjkÍ d`ks 100 fnu d`k jkstxkj fe¥k\ 8–9 ^frær okf"Z d ` d`h fod`kl nj ntZ
jkÆV_h; jkstxkj xkjUVh ;kstuk eÍ lkekftd` d`jds ` Hkjrh; vƒZ O ;oLƒk eÍ cßd` lk[
laijh”k ·lksæ¥ vkWfMV‚ d`jk, tkus d`k forj. eÍ 25 ^frær ls vf|d` d`h o~f*
Hh ^ko|ku gS] rkfd` bl d`k;Z∂`e d`k gq b Z gS \ ;g ,d` ,s l k lq v olj ƒk
ewY;kad`u xq.koxq. vk|kj ij fd`;k tk gkfæ, ij jgs ¥ksx kÍ d`ks eq “ ; |kjk eÍ
lds`\ bl n~fÆV ls m®j ^nsæ eÍ 49·73 tk ld`rk ƒk\ vus d ` lw p d` nækZ r s gß fd`
^frær ifjokjkÍ d`k gh lksæ¥ vkWfMV ,s l k ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`k\ d`e-ls
fd`;k tk ld`k] tcfd` flfDd`e eÍ 100 fo®h; ”s(d` eÍ rks fcYdq`¥ gh ugÓ\ ekpZ
^frær] rfe¥ukMq eÍ 99·89 ^frær] 2008 rd` d`h vof| ds` f¥, nsæ ds`
>kj[≥M eÍ 99·87 ^frær] N®hlxÈ< eÍ vuqlwfpr cßd`kÍ ds` okf"Zd` v÷;;u ls
95·87 ^frær] e÷; ^nsæ eÍ 94·7 ^frær] lEcfU|r Hkjrh; fjÈtoZ cßd` d`h ,d` fjiksVZ
egkjkÆV_ eÍ 90·25 ^frær] mÈMhlk eÍ eÍ vƒZO;oLƒk d`h mPprj fod`kl nj ds`
82·01 ^frær] vkU|z ^nsæ eÍ 81·58 nkSjku Hh fo®h; lekosæu ds` ¥{; d`ks
^frær iapk;rkÍ eÍ ‘ujsxk’ d`k lksæ¥ ^kIr u d`j ikus d`ks Lohd`kj fd`;k x;k gS\
vkWfMV fd`;k pqd`k gS\ tgk∑ rd` ‘ujsxk’ ds` Hkjr eÍ vuqlwfpr okf.fT;d` cßd`kÍ
f∂`;kUo;u eÍ vk jgh folaxfr;kÍ d`k ^'u d`h ek( 40 ^frær æk[k,a gh xzkeh.
gS] rks jkstxkj ek∑xus ok¥kÍ ds` tkWc d`kMZ ”s(kÍ eÍ gß] tgk∑ nsæ d`h 70 ^frær ls
u cuus] tkWc d`kMZ xzke ^|kukÍ }kjk vius vf|d` tula“;k fuokl d`jrh gS\ blds`
ikl j[us] œ`thZ tkWc d`kMZ cukd`j Hqxrku foijhr 17·8 ^frær æk[k,a nsæ ds` egk-
^kIr d`j ¥sus] dq`¥ vkoafVr |ujkfæ eÍ ls uxjh; ”s(kÍ eÍ gß\ vuqlwfpr okf.fT;d`
50 ^frær ls vf|d` |ujkfæ HkSfrd` cßd`kÍ ds` dq`¥ tek [krkÍ eÍ ls 28 ^frær
lkeku ij [pZ fd`, tkus] cks¥sjks tSlh [krs xzkeh. ”s( d`h æk[kvkÍ eÍ rƒk ek(
xkfÈM;k∑ ∂`; d`j f¥, tkus] iwjs o"Z ,d` 23 ^frær [krs egkuxjh; æk[kvkÍ eÍ gß\
fnu d`k Hh jkstxkj l~ftr u gksus ij Hh blds` ckotwn nsæ eÍ forfjr dq`¥ cßd`
jkstxkj lgk;d`kÍ d`ks 24-24 gtkj :i, lk[ d`k 57·1 ^frær egkuxjh; lewg ds`
d`k Hqxrku d`j fn, tkus] jkstxkj u ns fgLls eÍ vk;k gS\ blds` vfrfjDr 15·9
ikus ij csjkstxkjh H®k d`k Hqxrku u ^frær cßd` lk[ æs" uxjh; ”s(kÍ ds` fgLls
fd`, tkus tSlh vusd` fæd`k;rÍ lkeus vk eÍ xbZ gS\ bl ^d`kj dq`¥ forfjr cßd`
jgh gß\ d`gus d`ks rks ‘ujsxk’ ,d` ek∑x lk[ d`k 83 ^frær lk[ 27·8 ^frær
lapkf¥r (Demand Driven) d`k;Z∂`e gS\ tula“;k ok¥s ægjh ”s( ds` fgLls eÍ tkrk
vƒkZrΩ d`ke ek∑xus ok¥s ^R;sd` O;fDr d`ks gS] tcfd` 72·2 ^frær tula“;k ds` fgLls
ljd`kj d`kuwuu 100 fnu d`k jkstxkj eÍ ek( 17 ^frær lk[ gh vkrh gS\ cßd`
eqgS;k d`jkus ds` f¥, ck÷; gS] ¥sfd`u lk[ d`k ”s(h; forj. Hh vleku gS\
vusd` xzke iapk;rÍ ,slh gß] tks |ukHko ds` vle lfgr lEiw.Z iwoksZ®j ”s( d`ks foxr
d`kj. ek∑xs tkus ij Hh u rks jkstxkj o"ksÛ eÍ ftruh lk[ ^kIr gqbZ gS og nsæ
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/694
ds` ds`o¥ ,d` jkT;%m®j ^nsæ eÍ forfjr
cßd` lk[ ds` ,d`-pkSƒkbZ ls Hh d`e gS\
bl o"Z d`k lw[k ”s(h; ·HkSxksf¥d`‚
,oa ”s(d` vlekurkvkÍ d`ks cÈ<k,xk] ig¥s
ls Hh vf|d`\ ,sls eÍ j.uhfrd`kjkÍ ds` f¥,
ld`¥ ?js¥w mRikn eÍ la“;kRed` Ôi ls
o~f* d`jus d`k ¥{; ^kIr d`jus ls vf|d`
vko';d` fod`kl d`ks vf|d` lekosæh
cukuk gksuk pkfg,\ xzkeh. vkSj ægjh ”s(kÍ
ds` chp ¥xkrkj pkSÈMh gksrh [kbZ d`ks iwoZ
jkÆV_ifr MkW\ ,\ih\ts\ vCnq¥ d`¥ke }kjk
lq>k, x, ‘iwjk’ ·xzkeh. ”s(kÍ eÍ ægjh
lq[-lqfo|k,a eqgS;k d`jkuk‚ ekWM¥ eÍ fufgr
gS] tks lEiks".h; vk|kj ij jkstxkj
eqgS;k d`jkrs gq, ekuo fod`kl ds` mPp
Lrj ^kIr d`jk ld`rk gS\ ●●●
æs" i~ÆB 692 d`k
mi;qZâ` mik;kÍ ds` ckn Hh |hjs–|hjs
fod`flr nsækÍ ds` fo®h; lad`V ds` ^Hko
fod`klæh¥ ,oa fu|Zu nsækÍ ij ifj¥f”r
gksus ¥xs\ ;g lad`V fuEuf¥f[r ekxksÛ ls
gksrs gq, fod`klæh¥ rƒk fu|Zu vƒZO;o-
LƒkvkÍ rd` igq∑pk\
ftleÍ ☛ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`h leqnzikjh;
¥k;k fo®h; vkfLr;kÍ ds` v¿;Z (Value) eÍ
Hkjh fxjkoV vkafæd` Ôi eÍ O;qRiUud`kÍ
- d`e ds` d`kjksckj eÍ futh ”s(d` d`h gkfu;kÍ
ds` }kjk«
☛ fonsæh cßd`kÍ }kjk m|kj fn, tkus]
vUrjkZÆV_h; iw∑th cktkjkÍ rƒk fonsæh
^R;” fuosæ rd` fod`klæh¥ ,oa
fu|Zu nsækÍ d`h igq∑p mY¥s[uh; Ôi
ls [jkc gksrh xbZ«
☛ fod`klæh¥ rƒk fu|Zu nsækÍ ds` fu;kZrkÍ
ds` ifjek. rƒk d`herkÍ eÍ fxjkoV«
☛ oLrq fu;kZrkÍ ij vR;f|d` fuHZjrk]
pk¥w [krs ds` ?kVs rƒk cÈMs iSekus ij
fonsæh )`.kÍ ds` cks> ok¥s nsækÍ ij
lad`V d`k vf|d` ^Hko\
lad`V ls cpus ds` mik;
;g rF; LiÆV Ôi ls Lohd`kj fd`;k
tkus ¥xk gS fd` cktkjh æfâ`;kÍ d`ks
vR;f|d` ;k iw.ZÔi ls [q¥k NksÈM nsuk gh
vf|d`re d`Y;k. d`k »ksrd` ugÓ gS\
tksfd` iSjsVks vuqdw`¥re d`h ekU;rk gS\ bl
^d`kj ds` lad`V ls fuiVus d`h lokZf|d`
læâ` j.uhfr fofu;ked` <k∑ps d`ks vR;f|d`
etcwr cukus rƒk mls lkafof|d` æfâ`;kÍ
ls ¥Sl fd`, tkus d`h gks ld`rh gS\ fod`kl-
æh¥ rƒk fu|Zu nsækÍ d`ks viuh vkfƒZd`
fLƒfr d`ks ÷;ku eÍ j[d`j gh uhfr;kÍ d`ks
viukuk pkfg,\ mPp vk; oxZ nsækÍ d`k
va|kuqd`j. d`Hh Hh ?krd` gks ld`rk gS
tSlk fd` orZeku eÍ gks jgk gS\ ●●●
 vUrjkZÆV_h; lEcU| ¥s[
la;qDr jkÆV_ la? # laxBu ,oa d`k;Z
 MkW\ v:`.ksn; cktis;h ,oa vatf¥ f(ikBh
^ƒe fo'o ;q* (1914 –18) d`h
foHhf"d`k ls (Lr gks d`j fo'o ds` jkÆV_kÍ
us ækfUr o lqj”k Lƒkfir d`jus ds` f¥,
fe¥d`j jkÆV_ la? d`k fuekZ. fd`;k ƒk] tks
vius mˆs'; eÍ vlœ`¥ jgs vkSj 20 o"ksÛ
ds` ckn gh nwljs fo'o ;q* (1939–45)
d`h foHhf"d`k ls fo'o d`ks iqu# jâ`jaftr
gksuk iÈMk\ bl jâ`jaftr bfrgkl ds`
iqujkorZu ls fo'o d`ks cpkus ds` f¥, fo'o
d`h rRd`k¥hu egkæfâ`;kÍ us f}rh; fo'o
;q* d`h lekfIr ds` iwoZ gh ^;kl æqÔ d`j
fn;k ƒk\ la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k ds` lsu-
≠`kaflLd`ks uxj eÍ tuojh 1942 d`ks fczVsu]
lksfo;r la?] phu rƒk vU; 26 fe(
jkÆV_kÍ ds` ^frfuf|;kÍ d`k ,d` lEes¥u gqvk
ftleÍ ;g fu.Z; gqvk fd` ;s jkÆV_ lfEef¥r
gksd`j |qjh jkÆV_kÍ d`k lkeuk d`jÍxs\ bl
laxBu d`ks la;qâ` jkÆV_ vƒok ;wukbVsM
usæUl d`k uke vejhd`k ds` rRd`k¥hu
jkÆV_ifr ‘≠Í`d`f¥u Mh ÔtosYV’ ds` }kjk
^nku fd`;k x;k\ 1 twu] 1945 d`ks lsu-
≠`kaflLd`ks eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_kÍ d`k lEes¥u gqvk
rks blds` lnL;kÍ d`h la“;k 50 gks pqd`h
ƒh\ bl lEes¥u eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` ?ks".k-
i( d`ks vfUre Ôi fn;k x;k vkSj la;qâ`
jkÆV_ d`h vkSipkfjd` Lƒkiuk blds` vLƒk;h
eq“;k¥; ¥sd` lSDlsl vejhd`k eÍ gqbZ\
vf|d`kj-i( ij 50 jkÆV_kÍ ds` ^frfuf|;kÍ
}kjk 26 twu] 1945 d`ks gLrk”j fd`, x,\
vkf|d`kfjd` Ôi ls la;qâ` jkÆV_ laa? 24
vDVwcj] 1945 d`ks vfLrRo eÍ vk;k] rc
blds` lnL;kÍ d`h la“;k 51 ƒh\ 1946 ls
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k ^|ku d`k;kZ¥; U;w;kWdZ`
eÍ gS\ orZeku eÍ blds` lnL; nsækÍ d`h la“;k
192 gS\
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h vkf|d`kfjd`
Hk"k,a
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` lHh eq“; nLrkost
rƒk egklHk] lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h cSBd`kÍ d`k
fooj. N# vkf|d`kfjd` Hk"kvkÍ% phuh]
vaxzsth] ≠Í`p] Ôlh] Lisfuæ vkSj vjch
Hk"k eÍ ^d`kfær gksrk gS\
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h lnL;rk
la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` pkVZj eÍ nks ^d`kj d`h
lnL;rk d`k mY¥s[ fe¥rk gS\ ^ƒe os
nsæ tks ^kjfEHd` lnL; gß ftUgkÍus
1`tuojh] 1942 d`ks la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` ?ks".k
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/695/5
}kjk laLƒk ls fud`k¥k tk ld`rk gS\ pw∑fd`
lnL;kÍ d`k fuÆd`klu ,d` egRoiw.Z ^'u gS\
blds` f¥, lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` 9 lnL;kÍ d`h
ld`kjkRed` lgefr rƒk egklHk d`k fu.Z;
nks-frgkbZ lnL;kÍ ds` cgqer ls gksuk pkfg,\
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` vax
la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` N# ^eq[ vax gß\
i( ij gLrk”j fd`, ƒs] ;k lsu≠`kaflLd`ks egklHk
eÍ pkVZj ij gLrk”j d`jds` mld`h iqfÆV egklHk la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` ^eq[
d`h ƒh\ nwljk la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h lnL;rk mu vaxkÍ eÍ ls lcls cÈMk vkSj egRoiw.Z vax
lHh jkÆV_kÍ d`ks Hh mi¥C| gks ld`rh gS] tks gS\ egklHk ds` fo"; eÍ fofHUu fo}kukÍ us
ækfUrf^; gkÍ ,oa pkVZj eÍ fo'okl j[rs gkÍ] d`gk gS%
tks pkVZj }kjk fu|kZfjr d`®ZO;kÍ d`ks Lohd`kj vkbds`¥ cxZj%∏;g fo'o d`k mUeqâ`
d`jrs gkÍ ,oa ftud`ks ;g laLƒk bu d`®ZO;kÍ vUr#d`j. gS\π
d`k ik¥u d`jus ds` mi;qâ` le>rh gS\ æweka%∏;g lalkj d`h uxj lHk gS\π
egklHk ds` nks-frgkbZ cgqer vkSj lqj”k
ifj"nΩ ds` 15 lnL;kÍ eÍ ls 9 lnL;kÍ d`h ok≥MsucxZ%∏bls fo'o d`h ¥?q laln
d`h laKk nh ƒh\π
LohÎ`fr ls ftleÍ 5 Lƒk;h lnL; vo';
gks la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h lnL;rk ^kIr la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` leLr lnL;kÍ d`ks
gksrh gS\ lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h flœ`kfjæ ij gh egklHk eÍ cSBus d`k vf|d`kj gS\ bld`k
egklHk fd`lh jkT; d`ks lnL;rk ^nku vf|osæu lk|kj.r# o"Z eÍ ,d` ckj gksrk
d`j ld`rh gS\ bl ij lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` 5 gS\ ;g gjo"Z flrEcj eÍ nwljs eax¥okj ls
Lƒk;h lnL;kÍ d`ks fu"s|kf|d`kj d`k vf|d`kj ¥sd`j f∂`lel fnol rd` gksrk gS\ blds`
^kIr gS\ foæs" vf|osæu Hh gksrs gß\ pkVZj ds`
vf|d`kj ”s( ds` vUrxZr lHh fo";kÍ ij
lnL;kÍ d`k fu¥Ecu fopkj d`jus d`k bls vf|d`kj gksrk gS\
pkVZj ds` vuqPNsn 6 ds` vuqlkj ;fn egklHk eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` lHh lnL;kÍ
d`ksbZ lnL; tkucw>d`j rƒk ¥xkrkj pkVZj d`ks ^frfuf|Ro ^kIr gS\ ^R;sd` jkÆV_ d`ks
eÍ of.Zr fl*kUrkÍ d`k mY¥a?u d`jrk gS] rks vf|d`re 5 ^frfuf| Hstus d`k vf|d`kj
mls lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` lq>ko ij egklHk gS] ¥sfd`u ^R;sd` jkÆV_ d`k ds`o¥ `,d` gh
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? # mˆs'; ,oa fl*kUr
mˆs';%la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` pkVZj d`h |kjk 1 eÍ blds` mˆs';kÍ ds` ckjs eÍ crk;k x;k
gS%
1. lkewfgd` O;oLƒk }kjk vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr ,oa lqj”k d`k;e j[uk vkSj vk∂`ked`
^o~f®;kÍ d`ks fu;a(. eÍ j[uk\
2. vUrjkZÆV_h; fooknkÍ d`k ækfUriw.Z lek|ku d`juk\
3. jkÆV_kÍ ds` vkRefu.Z; vkSj mifuosæokn fo?Vu d`h ^f∂`;k d`ks xfr nsuk\
4. lkekftd`] vkfƒZd`] lkaLÎ`frd` ,oa ekuoh; ”s(kÍ eÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; lg;ksx d`ks ^ksRlkfgr
,oa iqÆV d`juk\
la? us nks vU; ¥{; Hh fu|kZfjr fd`, gß\ os gß% ‘fujL(hd`j.’ vkSj ‘ubZ vUrjkZÆV_h;
vkfƒZd` O;oLƒk’ d`h Lƒkiuk\
fl*kUr%la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` pkVZj d`h |kjk 2 eÍ blds` fuEuf¥f[r ekSf¥d` fl*kUr
crk, x, gß%
1. bld`k ^|ku vk|kj NksVs–cÈMs lc nsækÍ d`h lekurk vkSj loksZPp l®k d`k fl*kUr gS\
2. lc lnL;kÍ ls ;g vkæk j[h tkrh gS fd` os pkVZj }kjk mu ij ¥kxw gksus ok¥s nkf;RokÍ
d`k ik¥u iwjh bZekunkjh ls d`jÍxs\
3. lHh lnL; vUrjkZÆV_h; >xÈMkÍ d`k fuiVkjk ækfUriw.Z lk|ukÍ ls d`jÍxs\
4. lHh jkÆV_ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` mˆs';kÍ ds` ^frdw`¥ d`ksbZ d`k;Z ugÓ d`jÍxs\ os fd`lh nsæ
d`h LorU(rk d`k guu d`jus d`h ;k vk∂`e. d`jus d`h u rks |ed`h nÍxs vkSj u ,slk
d`k;Z d`jÍxs\
5. d`ksbZ Hh nsæ pkVZj ds` ^frdw`¥ d`ke d`jus ok¥s nsæ d`h lgk;rk ugÓ d`jsxk\
6. la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? bld`k lnL; u cuus ok¥s jkT;kÍ ls Hh vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr vkSj lqj”k
cuk, j[us ok¥s fl*kUr d`k ik¥u d`jk,xk\
7. la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? fd`lh nsæ ds` ?js¥w eke¥kÍ eÍ gLr”si ugÓ d`jsxk\
er gksrk gS\ pkgs og d`ksbZ cÈMk jkT; gks ;k
NksVk jkT; gks\ egRoiw.Z ^'ukÍ ij egklHk
ds` fu.Z; mifLƒr ,oa ernku d`jus ok¥s
lnL;kÍ ds ` nks-frgkbZ cgqer ls gkÍxs vkSj
vU; ^'ukÍ ij fu.Z; mifLƒr ,oa ernku
d`jus ok¥s lnL;kÍ ds` lk|kj. cgqer }kjk
fd`;k tk,xk\
egklHk ds` d`k;Z
1. ,sfPNd` d`k;Z%blds` vUrxZr ækfUr
d`h Lƒkiuk\ vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr ds`
[rjs d`ks nwj d`juk vkSj lqj”k rƒk
fujL(hd`j. ds` f¥, leLr nsækÍ ds`
lg;ksx d`h psÆVk gS\
vfuok;Z d`k;Z
1. la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? vk;-O;; ikl d`juk\
2. lqj”k ifj"nΩ rƒk vU; laLƒkvkÍ o
laxBukÍ d`h fjiksVZ ij fopkj d`juk\
3. U;kl ifj"nΩ ij fujh”. j[uk\
4. vUrjkZÆV_h; lg;ksx ds` mˆs';kÍ ls
vkfƒZd`] lkekftd`] lkaLÎ`frd` fæ”k
rƒk LokLF; ds` lEcU| eÍ v÷;;u o
tk∑p-iÈMrk¥ d`jokuk rƒk rnΩfo";d`
flœ`kfjæÍ d`juk\
5. ^R;sd` O;fâ` d`ks fcuk tkfr] ¯¥x]
Hk"k o |eZ ds` ekuo vf|d`kj rƒk
ekSf¥d` LorU(rk d`k mi;ksx d`jus eÍ
lgk;rk nsuk\
egklHk viuk d`k;Z lapk¥u 6 eq“;
lfefr;kÍ }kjk d`jrh gS] tks bl ^d`kj gß%
(1) jktuhfrd` ,oa lqj”k lfefr] (2)
vkfƒZd` vkSj fo® lfefr] (3) lkekftd`]
ekuoh; ,oa lkaLÎ`frd` lfefr] (4) U;kl
lfefr] (5) ^æklfud` ,oa ctV lfefr]
(6) d`kuwuh lfefr\
NksVh vlsEc¥h
1947 eÍ lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ Lƒk;h lnL;kÍ
ds` mxz fojks| vkSj ohVks ds` ^;ksx ds`
d`kj. ,slk xfrjks| mRiUu gks x;k fd`
lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` }kjk ;q* vkSj vk∂`e.kÍ
d`h vkæad`kvkÍ ls H;Hhr fo'o d`ks uohu
ifjfLƒfr d`k lkeuk d`jus ds` f¥, 13
uoEcj] 1947 d`ks vUrfje lfefr uked`
,d` lgk;d` vax Lƒkfir fd`;k\ bls NksVh
vlsEc¥h d`gk tkrk gS\ ;g egklHk d`k
lkekU; vf|osæu u gksus d`h næk eÍ
mlds` vf|d`kj ”s( eÍ vkus ok¥s ^'ukÍ
ij fopkj d`jrh gS\ egklHk ds` ^R;sd`
lnL; d`ks bleÍ ,d` lnL; Hstus d`k
vf|d`kj gS\vkjEH eÍ ;g nks ckj ,d` o"Z
ds` f¥, cukbZ xbZ ƒh\ uoEcj 1949 eÍ
bls fuf'pr vof| ds` f¥, iqu#Lƒkfir
fd`;k x;k\ luΩ 1952 ds` ckn bld`h d`ksbZ
cSBd` ugÓ gqbZ gS\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/696
lqj”k ifj"nΩ # laxBu ,oa Hwfed`k
jkÆV_ la? ds` vuqHokÍ us la;qâ` jkÆV_
ds` fuekZrkvkÍ ds` efLrÆd` eÍ ;g |kj.k
mRiUu d`j nh ƒh fd` lewps fo'o leqnk; ds`
vUnj ,d` ik∑p egkæfâ`;kÍ d`k Hh leqnk;
fo»eku gS] ftud`h fe(rk ,oa erSD; ij gh
fo'o d`h ækfUr ,oa lqj”k d`k;e jg ld`rh
gS\ œ`¥r# la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` fuekZrkvkÍ us
fo'o laLƒk d`h lEiw.Z æfâ` lqj”k ifj"nΩ
eÍ fufgr d`j nh\ lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`ks lqj”k
d`k igjsnkj ekuk tkrk gS\ egklHk d`h
vis”k lqj”k ifj"nΩ cgqr gh NksVk lnu
gS] ijUrq mld`h æfâ` egklHk d`h vis”k
cgqr O;kid` gS\ ;fn egklHk ekuork d`h
loksZPp æfâ` d`k ^frfuf|Ro d`jrh gS] rks
lqj”k ifj"nΩ fo'o d`h loksZPp æfâ` d`k
^frfuf|Ro d`jrh gS\ jktuhfrd` fo";kÍ eÍ
lq j ”k ifj"nΩ la ; q â ` jkÆV_ la ? d`k
d`k;Zik¥d`h; vax gS\ lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`ks
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k vax d`gk tkrk gS\
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` pkVZj ds` v÷;k;
5 ds` vuqlkj lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` ew¥r# ik∑p
Lƒk;h vkSj N# vLƒk;h dq`¥ X;kjg lnL;
gksrs gß] ijUrq flrEcj 1965 eÍ pkVZj ds`
laæks|u }kjk vLƒk;h lnL;kÍ d`h la“;k
cÈ<kd`j nl d`j nh xbZ\ rnuqlkj egklHk
us fu.Z; f¥;k fd` 10 vLƒk;h lnL;kÍ eÍ
ls 5 ,fæ;kbZ v≠`hd`h jkT;kÍ eÍ ls] 1 iwohZ
;wjksi eÍ ls 2, nf”. vejhd`k o æs" 2
if'peh ;wjksi o vU; jkT;kÍ eÍ ls gksus
pkfg,\ bl ^d`kj lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h dq`¥
lnL; la“;k 15 gks xbZ\ blds` ik∑p Lƒk;h
lnL; phu] ≠`kal] xzsV fczVsu] Ôl rƒk
la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k gß\ vLƒk;h lnL;kÍ
d`k fuokZpu egklHk vius nks-frgkbZ
cgqer ls nks o"Z ds` f¥, d`jrh gS\
lqj”k ifj"nΩ jkÆV_ d`k fujarj d`k;Z
d`jus ok¥k fud`k; gS\ ;g Lƒk;h Ôi ls
d`k;Z d`jus ok¥k fud`k; gS\ ;g Lƒk;h Ôi
ls l( eÍ jgrh gS\ bld`h cSBd` 14 fnu
eÍ ,d` ckj gksrh gS vkSj ;fn vUrjkZÆV_h;
ækfUr ,oa lqj”k d`ks [rjk mRiUu gks tk,
rks bld`h cSBd` vYi lwpuk ij vƒkZrΩ
24 ?≥Vs d`h lwpuk ij cq¥kbZ tk ld`rh
gS\ lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ ^R;sd` lnL; jkT; d`k
,d`–,d` ^frfuf| la? ds` eq“; d`k;kZ¥;
eÍ cuk jgrk gS\ ^f∂`;k lEcU|h eke¥kÍ eÍ
fu.Z; ds` f¥, 9 erkÍ d`h vko';d`rk gksrh
gS\ egÂoiw.Z eke¥kÍ ij fu.Z; ds` f¥, 9
Lohd`kjkRed` erkÍ ds` lkƒ ;g Hh vko';d`
gS fd` ik∑pkÍ Lƒk;h lnL; Hh ml fu.Z; ls
lger gkÍ bl ^d`kj ^R;sd` Lƒk;h lnL;
d`ks lHh egRoiw.Z fo";kÍ ij fu"s|kf|d`kj
^kIr gS] ijUrq lkƒ gh ;g Hh fu;e gS fd`
>xÈMs ls lEcfU|r lnL; ernku ugÓ
d`jrk gS\
lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`k eq“; d`k;Z fo'o
ækfUr ,oa lqj”k gS\ blds` vfrfjâ` u,
jkÆV_kÍ d`ks la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h lnL;rk ^nku
d`juk] egklfpo d`k p;u] vUrjkZÆV_h;
U;k;k¥; ds` U;k;k|hækÍ d`h fu;qfâ` vkfn
,sls d`k;Z gß\ ftUgÍ lqj”k ifj"nΩ egklHk
ds` lkƒ fe¥d`j d`jrh gS vkSj ck÷;d`kjh
^Hko j[rh gS lqj”k ifj"nΩ vius
vkUrfjd` eke¥kÍ d`k Lo;a fu.Z; d`jrh gS\
lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`k mˆs'; ækfUr d`h Lƒkiuk
ekuk x;k gS\ lqj”k ifj"nΩ ig¥s rks fookn
d`ks ^LrkokÍ }kjk g¥ d`juk pkgrh gS]
mlds` ckn vkfƒZd` ^frcU| ¥xkus ij
fopkj d`jrh gS vkSj vUr eÍ lSfud`
d`k;Zokgh d`h æfâ` ,oa vf|d`kj d`k ^;ksx
d`j ld`rh gS\ pkVZj us lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`ks
vf|Î`r fd`;k gS fd` og ækfUr d`h Lƒkiuk
ds` f¥, t¥] ƒ¥ rƒk uH lsuk d`k ;ƒk
mfpr ^;ksx d`j lds`\ pkVZj eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_
d`h lsuk d`k d`gÓ mY¥s[ ugÓ gS\ lqj”k
ifj"nΩ ds` ikl ;g vf|d`kj vo'; gS fd`
og lnL; jkÆV_kÍ ls fd`lh Hh le; mls
lsuk mi¥C| d`jkus ds` f¥, d`g ld`rh gS\
lqj”k ifj"nΩ læL( lsukvkÍ d`ks mi;ksx eÍ
¥kus d`h ;kstuk,a ,d` lSfud` LVkœ` lfefr
(Military Staff Committee) d`h l¥kg
ls cuk,xh\ ;g lSfud` LVkœ` lfefr lqj”k
ifj"nΩ d`ks fuEu fo";kÍ eÍ lgk;rk vkSj
ijkeæZ nsxh%vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr vkSj lqj”k
d`ks cuk, j[us d`h lSfud` vko';d`rk,a]
bl lfefr ds` v|hu lsukvkÍ d`k ^;ksx vkSj
d`eku æL(kÍ d`k fu;U(. ,oa lEHkfor
fu#æL(hd`j.\ bl lfefr ds` lnL; lqj”k
ifj"nΩ ds` Lƒk;h lnL;kÍ d`k lkefjd`
lapk¥u lSfud` LVkœ` lfefr ds` gkƒ eÍ gksxk
vkSj ;g ifj"nΩ ds` v|hu gksxh\
fu"s|kf|d`kj
fu"s|kf|d`kj d`k ^Lrko lcls ig¥s
vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr ÔtosYV us ;kYVk fæ[j
lEes¥u eÍ j[k ƒk\ fu"s|kf|d`kj d`k vk|kj
;g fopkj ƒk fd` m®jnkf;Ro rƒk vf|d`kj
ijLij lEcfU|r gksus pkfg,\ ;g ew¥r#
nks |kj.kvkÍ ij vk|kfjr gS\ ^ƒe fd`
fd`lh Hh læL( d`k;Zokgh eÍ mud`k Hkj
^|kur# egkæfâ`;kÍ d`ks ogu d`juk iÈMsxk\
ifj.keLoÔi ifj"nΩ ds` bu lnL;kÍ ls
;g vkæk d`juk vO;kogkfjd` gksxk fd` os
viuh lsukvkÍ d`ks mu d`k;Zokfg;kÍ ds` f¥,
^nku d`jÍxs ftuds` fd` fojks| eÍ os gß\
nwljk la? d`ks viuh æfâ` ds` f¥,
egkæfâ`;kÍ ds` ijLij lg;ksx ij fuHZj
jguk pkfg,\ ;fn og lg;ksx vi;kZIr jgrk
gS\ rc læL( lqj”k lEcU|h O;oLƒk,a Hh
vo'; gh vlœ`¥ gks tk,axh\
loZ^ƒe fu"s|kf|d`kj d`k ^;ksx 16
œ`jojh] 1946 d`ks lksfo;r la? us fd`;k ƒk\
 nksgjk fu"s|kf|d`kj (Double Veto
Power)%la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` pkVZj ^f∂`;k
lEcU|h vkSj egRoiw.Z fo";kÍ eÍ Hsn rks
d`jrk gS] ijUrq mld`h LiÆV O;k“;k ugÓ
d`jrk gS\ ^f∂`;k lEcU|h eke¥kÍ ds` vfrfjâ`
fd`lh Hh fo"; eÍ fu.Z; ds` le; Lƒk;h
lnL;kÍ eÍ ls d`ksbZ Hh ud`kjkRed` er
^nku d`j ld`rk gS vkSj bl ^d`kj fu.Z;
¥sus ls jksd`rk gS\ ;g æfâ` ig¥h ohVks d`h
æfâ` d`g¥krh gS\ nwljs ohVks d`k ^'u ml
le; mBrk gS] tcfd` lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`ks
;g r; d`juk gksrk gS fd` fo"; ^f∂`;k
lEcU|h gS ;k ugÓ\ ;g d`k;Z fof|d` ugÓ
gS vr# bl ij fu.Z; ¥srs oâ` 9 lnL;kÍ
ds` er Hh lfEef¥r gksrs gß\ bl ^'u ds`
fu|kZj. eÍ Lƒk;h lnL; nwljs ohVks
(Second Veto) d`k ^;ksx d`j ld`rs gß\
nksgjh ohVks æfâ` ds` d`kj. egkæfâ`;kÍ d`ks
,slh æfâ` ^kIr gks tkrh gS ftlds` }kjk os
lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h fd`lh Hh d`k;Zokgh d`ks
jnΩn d`jok ld`rh gS\
fu"s|kf|d`kj d`h vk¥kspuk%ohVks d`h
O;oLƒk ds` d`kj. lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ cÈMs
jkÆV_kÍ d`k vkf|iR; te x;k gS vkSj cgqer
d`k d`ksbZ egÂo ugÓ jgk x;k gS\ ohVks ds`
^;ksx ls lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`k d`ksbZ Hh Lƒk;h
lnL; fd`lh Hh d`k;Zokgh d`ks foœ`¥ d`j
ld`rk gS vkSj fo'o ¥ksd`er d`h mis”k d`j
ld`rk gS\ ohVks ds` d`kj. lqj”k ifj"nΩ
ækfUr vkSj lqj”k d`h O;oLƒk d`ks iwjk
d`jus] ohVks egkæfâ`;kÍ d`h fujadq`ærk d`h
LoPNUnrk d`k ifj.ke gS\ blds` lEcU| eÍ
f(Xos¥h us d`gk%∏ohVks ds` d`kj. la;qâ`
jkÆV_ la? uiaqld` gS\ ;g egkæfâ`;kÍ ds`
la?"Z }kjk i”ikr xzLr d`j fn;k x;k
gS\π
fu"s|kf|d`kj d`h vko';d`rk%lqj”k
ifj"nΩ ls ohVks d`h O;oLƒk d`ks gVk nsus ls
leL;k d`k lek|ku ugÓ gks ld`rk gS\
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h lœ`¥rk ds` f¥, ;g
vR;Ur vko';d` gS fd` ækfUr ,oa lqj”k
d`h Lƒkiuk ds` f¥, egkæfâ`;kÍ ds` chp
ikjLifjd` lg;ksx gks\ egkæfâ`;kÍ ds`
lg;ksx ds` fcuk lkewfgd` O;oLƒk lEHo
ugÓ gS\ ohVks d`bZ ckj vUrjkZÆV_h; fooknkÍ
ds` ækfUriw.Z g¥ d`jus eÍ ojnku Hh fl*
gqvk gS\ ohVks d`k ^;ksx cÈMh æfâ`;k∑ ,d`-
nwljs ij vadq`æ cuk, j[us ds` f¥, d`jrh
gß\ ohVks la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h leLr d`k;Zokfg;kÍ
d`ks ^Hkfor ugÓ d`jrk\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h
foæs" ,tsfUl;k∑ vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥;] U;kl
ifj"nΩ] vkfƒZd` rƒk lkekftd` ifj"nΩ ,oa
egklHk eÍ ohVks d`h O;oLƒk ugÓ gS\ ;fn
ge ohVks jfgr lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h d`Yiuk
d`jÍ rks geÍ vkHkl gksxk fd` fd`lh cÈMs
væqH d`ks jksd`us ds` f¥, NksVs væqH ds`
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/697
Ôi eÍ ohVks d`h ,d` vko';d`rk gS\ blds`
vfrfjâ` ækfUr ds` f¥, ,d`rk ^Lrko
LohÎ`r gksus ,oa ¥?q vlsEc¥h d`h Lƒkiuk
ls ohVks d`k egRo xkS. iÈM x;k gS\ vc
ohVks d`k ^Hko eq“; Ôi ls lnL;rk ds`
lEcU| eÍ jg x;k gS ftlls la;qâ` jkÆV_
la? d`k d`ksbZ d`ke :d` ugÓ ld`rk\ ohVks
ds` d`k;e jgrs gq, Hh egklHk }kjk cgqr
ls d`kekÍ d`ks lEiUu d`jk;k tk ld`rk gS\
U;kl ifj"nΩ
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` pkVZj ds` 8 oÍ
v÷;k; eÍ U;kl ifj"nΩ ds` ckjs eÍ f¥[k
gqvk gS\ pkVZj ds` vuqPNsn 75 ds` vuqlkj
la;qâ` jkÆV_ vius vf|d`kj ”s( ds` vUrxZr
U;kl ^nsækÍ ds` ^æklu vkSj fu;a(. ds` f¥,
,d` vUrjkZÆV_h; U;kl O;oLƒk Lƒkfir
d`jsxk] tks le>kSrkÍ }kjk lEikfnr gksxh\
pkVZj ds` vuqlkj U;kl i*fr ds` pkj
mˆs'; gß%
1. vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr vkSj lqj”k d`ks
cÈ<kuk\
2. ¥ksxkÍ d`h jktuhfrd`] vkfƒZd`]
lkekftd` vkSj fæ”k lEcU|h mUufr
eÍ lg;ksx nsuk] Loæklu ;k LorU(rk
ds` ∂`fed` fod`kl eÍ lgk;rk nsuk\
3. tkfr] ¯¥x] lcds ` f¥, ekuoh;
vf|d`kjkÍ vkSj eww¥ LorU(rkvkÍ ds`
^fr vkLƒk cÈ<kuk vkSj mueÍ ;g
Hko txkuk fd` lalkj ds` lc ¥ksx
,d`-nwljs ij fuHZj gß\
4. lkekftd`] vkfƒZd` vkSj okf.T;
lEcU|h eke¥kÍ eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds`
lnL;kÍ ds` vkSj muds` ukxfjd`kÍ ds`
^fr lekurk ds` O;ogkj d`k fo'okl
fn¥kuk\
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? us jkÆV_ la? d`h es≥MsV
O;oLƒk ds` Lƒku ij U;kl i*fr d`ks xzg.
fd`;k vkSj mlds` lapk¥u ds` f¥, U;kl
lfefr d`k fuekZ. fd`;k\ U;kl i*fr d`k
ew¥ fl*kUr ;g gS fd` bl le; dq`N
fiNÈMs gq, vYifod`flr vkSj vkfne næk
ok¥s ^nsækÍ ds` fuoklh bl ;ksX; ugÓ gß
fd` os vius nsæ d`k æklu Lo;a d`j ldÍ`\
bUgÍ nwljs fod`flr vkSj mUur nsækÍ d`h
lgk;rk visf”r gS\ l˙; nsækÍ d`k ;g
nkf;Ro gS fd` os muds` fod`kl eÍ iwjh lgk;rk
nÍ vkSj tc rd` ;s viuk æklu Lo;a d`jus
eÍ leƒZ ugÓ gks tkrs] rc rd` bud`h vkSj
muds` fgrkÍ d`h ns[Hk¥ bUgÍ U;kl ;k
vekur le>rs gq, d`jÍ\ bu æfDr;kÍ }kjk
;g d`k;Z la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` fu;a(. eÍ
gksuk pkfg,\ la;qDr jkÆV_ la? d`h U;kl
i*fr d`k ”s( mifuosæokn vkSj lkezkT;-
okn }kjk ijk|hu cuk, x, lHh ”s(kÍ ds`
f¥, gS\
U;kl ifj"nΩ d`ks vius mˆs';kÍ eÍ
viwoZ lœ`¥rk fe¥h gS\ ifj"nΩ d`h lcls
cÈMh mi¥fC| gS fd` vf|d`kaæ U;kl ^nsæ
15–20 o"ksÛ d`h vYi vof| eÍ gh LorU(
gks x,\ orZeku eÍ U;kl ifj"nΩ d`k d`k;Z
¥xHx lekIr gks x;k gS\
lfpok¥;
lfpok¥; la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k ,d`
^æklfud` vax gS\ ;g ,d` Lƒk;h laLƒk gS
ftld`k d`ke fujUrj p¥rk jgrk gS\
lfpok¥; eÍ egklfpo vkSj vU; d`eZpkjh
gksrs gß\ egklfpo d`h fu;qfâ` 5 o"ksÛ ds` f¥,
lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h flœ`kfjæ ij egklHk
}kjk gksrh gS\
;g la? d`k eq“; ^æklfud` vf|d`kjh
gksrk gS\ egklHk }kjk cuk, x, fofu;ekÍ ds`
vuqlkj egklfpo lfpok¥; ds` d`eZpkfj;kÍ
d`h fu;qfâ` d`jrk gS\ lfpok¥; la;qâ` jkÆV_
d`k ,d` o~gr ^æklfud` rU( gS] ftls
vkB Hkxks eÍ laxfBr fd`;k gS% (1) lqj”k
ifj"nΩ lEcU|h d`k;ksÛ d`k foHkx] (2) vkfƒZd`
foHkx] (3) lkekftd` d`k;ksÛ d`k foHkx]
(4) U;kl ,oa Loækflrs®j ”s(kÍ eÍ lwpuk
foHkx] (5) lkoZtfud` lwpuk foHkx]
(6) lEes¥u rƒk fo®h; lsok foHkx]
(7) ^æklfud` rƒk fo®h; lsok foHkx]
(8) fof| foHkx\
vkfƒZd` rƒk lkekftd` ifj"nΩ
vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr ds`o¥ jktuhfrd`
fooknkÍ ds` lek|ku ij gh fuHZj ugÓ d`jrh
gS ojuΩ vUrjkZÆV_h; vkfƒZd`] lkekftd`
vkSj mlls lEcfU|r vU; leL;kvkÍ ds`
lEcU| eÍ mfpr vkSj ^Hkoiw.Z d`k;Zokgh
ij gh fuHZj d`jrh gS\ jktuhfrd` fLƒjrk
ds` vfrfjâ` lkekftd` fLƒjrk vkSj
vkfƒZd` lUrks" Hh vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr vkS j
lqj”k d`h Lƒkiuk ds` f¥, tÔjh gS\ ^kjEH
eÍ bl ifj"nΩ eÍ 18 lnL; gksrs ƒs\ le;–
le; ij pkVZ j eÍ la æ ks | u d`j blds`
lnL;kÍ d`h la“;k eÍ o~f* d`h xbZ\ orZeku
eÍ vkfƒZd` ,oa lkekftd` ifj"nΩ d`h
lnL; la“;k 54 gks xbZ gS\ ;g ,d` Lƒk;h
laLƒk gS] ijUrq blds` ,d`-frgkbZ lnL;
^fro"Z in eqâ` gksrs jgrs gß\ ^R;sd` lnL;
d`h vof| 3 o"Z gksrh gS] ijUrq vod`kæ
xzg. d`jus ok¥k lnL; iqu# fuokZfpr gks
ld`rk gS\ ifj"nΩ eÍ ^R;sd` lnL; d`ks
ds`o¥ ,d` er nsus d`k vf|d`kj gksrk gS\
bleÍ fu.Z; mifLƒr ,oa ernku eÍ Hkx
¥sus ok¥s lnL;kÍ ds` lk|kj. cgqer }kjk
f¥, tkrs gß\ egklHk d`h Hk∑fr lnL;
jkT;kÍ eÍ ls gh ,d` lnL; bld`k lHkifr
fuokZfpr gksrk gS\
vkfƒZd` vkSj lkekftd` ifj"nΩ gj lk¥
5 lIrkg d`k ,d` egRoiw.Z l( vk;ksftr
 vejhd`k ds` fiNÈMs gq, nsækÍ d`ks nh xbZ
egklfpo rd`uhd`h lgk;rk rƒk ekuoh; vf|d`kjkÍ
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` egklfpo d`h fu;qfâ` lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h laLrqfr ij egklHk }kjk d`h ?ks".k bld`h ^eq[ lœ`¥rk,a ekuh
d`h tkrh gS\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` ^æklfud` d`k;ksÛ ds` m®jnkf;Ro ds` vfrfjâ` egklfpo d`ks tkrh gß\ ;g laLƒk d`Y;k.d`kjh laLƒk cuk
dq`N jktuhfrd` æfâ`;k∑ Hh ^kIr gß\ vuqPNsn 99 ds` rgrΩ tc egklfpo d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h; nsrh gS\ æj.kfƒZ;kÍ jkT;foghu O;fâ`;kÍ]
ækfUr vkSj lqj”k ds` ^fr ;fn fd`lh ^d`kj d`h vkæad`k mRiUu gksrh gS] rks egklfpo ml Vs_M ;wfu;ukÍ ds` vf|d`kjkÍ] nklrk rƒk
vksj lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`k ÷;ku vkd`f"Zr d`jk ld`rk gS\ egklfpo] la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` f∂`;k- csxkj tSlh lekt fojks|h d`k;Zokfg;kÍ ij
d`¥kikÍ d`h okf"Zd` fjiksVZ Hh rS;kj d`jrk gS rƒk egRoiw.Z eqnΩnkÍ ij c¥ nsrk gS\ mu ij ifj"nΩ }kjk ^Lrqr fopkj–foeæZ gksrk jgrk
vius fopkj O;â` d`jrk gS rƒk leqfpr laLrqfr;k∑ Hh d`jrk gS\ vkt d`h cn¥rh gqbZ
fLƒfr;kÍ eÍ egklfpo d`k in jktuhfrd` vf|d` gks x;k gS\ ftlds` ihNs vf|d`kj ;qâ` pkVZj gS\ ifj"nΩ us vius ,d` ^Lrko }kjk fd`lh
^eq[ Ôi ls m®jnk;h ekuk tk ld`rk gS\ vuqPNsn 100 ds` rgrΩ og vius d`®ZO;kÍ d`k Hh jkÆV_h; uL¥h; rƒk |kfeZd` leqnk; d`ks
fuokZg d`jrs le; vU; vUrjkZÆV_h; laxBukÍ ls vko';d`rk iÈMus ij lg;ksx Hh ^kIr d`j iw.Zr;k lekIr d`jus ds` ^;kl d`ks voS|
ld`rk gS\ ?ksf"r d`j fn;k gS\ vkfƒZd` ,oa ^kof|d`
egklfpo laLƒk d`k eq“; ^æklfud` vf|d`kjh gksrk gS bl gSfl;r ls egklfpo lgk;rk rƒk ;kstukvkÍ ls fiNÈMs gq, jkÆV_kÍ
egklHk] lqj”k ifj"nΩ] vkfƒZd` rƒk lkekftd` ifj"nΩ rƒk U;kl ifj"nΩ d`h lHh cSBd`kÍ eÍ d`k fod`kl bl ifj"nΩ d`k mˆs'; gS\ ;g
Hkx ¥srk gS rƒk og lHh d`k;Z lEikfnr d`jrk gS] tks bu vaxkÍ }kjk bls lkSis tkrs gß\ vko';d` mid`j.kÍ] ;U(kÍ] eæhukÍ] HoukÍ]
egklfpo laLƒk ds` d`k;Z d`h okf"Zd` fjiksVZ egklHk d`ks ^sf"r d`jrk gS\ vU; vaxkÍ }kjk lkßis lÈMd`kÍ ,oa canjxkgkÍ d`ks mi¥C| d`jkd`j
x, rd`uhd`h d`k;ksÛ d`ks Hh egklfpo lEikfnr d`jrk gS\ egklfpo ij la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k O;kikj m»ksx rƒk Î`f" d`h mUufr eÍ
fo®h; m®jnkf;Ro Hh gS\ ctV d`k lapk¥u lqpk: Ôi ls gks jgk ;k ugÓ bld`k lEiw.Z lg;ksx nsrh gS\ ;»fi bls vkfƒZd` ,oa
m®jnkf;Ro egklfpo ij gksrk gS\ og la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h lHh fuf|;kÍ d`k vfHj”d` gS vksj lkekftd` fo";kÍ ij fo|ku cukus d`h ”erk
muds` O;; ds` f¥, m®jnk;h gß\ egklfpo la? ds` ^frfuf| ds` Ôi eÍ d`k;Z d`jrk gS\ fofHUu ^kIr ugÓ gS\ rƒkfi blus ekuo tkfr ds`
vfHd`j.kÍ ,oa ljd`kjkÍ ds` lkƒ okrkZvkÍ eÍ og la? d`k ^frfuf|Ro d`jrk gS vkSj la? d`h mRƒku ,oa mls lq[h thou ^nku d`jus
vksj ls d`jrk gS\ d`h fnæk eÍ ^æaluh; d`k;Z fd`;k gS\ la;qâ`
vkt ds` ifj^s{; eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` egklfpo d`k in fnu-^frfnu jktuhfrd` gksrk jkÆV_ ck¥ fuf|] la;qâ` jkÆV_ æj.kƒhZ fuf|]
tk jgk gS] D;kÍfd` ,d` vksj la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` lnL;kÍ eÍ vR;Ur lc¥ lnL; gS] rks dq`N rd`uhd`h lgk;rk lfefr] ;wjksi ds` f¥,
vR;Ur fucZ¥ dq`N vR;f|d` le~*æk¥h gS] rks dq`N vR;Ur d`etksj\ ,slh fLƒfr egklfpo vkfƒZd` vk;ksx] ,fæ;k o lqnwjiwoZ ds` f¥,
;fn vius jktuf;d` foosd` d`k ^;ksx u d`js rks og la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` ew¥ mˆs';kÍ d`h
^kfIr ls HVd` ld`rk gS\ vr# ;fn ^æklfud` d`k;ksÛ eÍ mld`h Hwfed`k ,d` vkjEHd` tSlh gS] vkfƒZd` vk;ksx] ¥SfVu vejhd`k ds` f¥,
rks jktuhfrd` ”s( eÍ mld`h Hwfed`k e÷;Lr okrkZd`rkZ vkSj erSD; fuekZrk ds` leku gS\ vkfƒZd` vk;ksx] v≠`hd`k ds` f¥, vkfƒZd`
vk;ksx] la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`ksfj;kbZ iqufuZekZ.
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` egklfpo vfHd`j. vkSj vkfƒZd` fod`kl ds` f¥,
egklfpokÍ ds` uke lEcfU|r nsæ le; foæs" fuf| lcus lEiw.Z fo'o d`h vkfƒZd`
f(Xos¥h ukosZ 1946 – 53 ,oa lkekftd` mUufr ds` f¥, egkuΩ
Msx gSej lksYM LohMu 1953 – 61 ;ksxnku fn;k gS\
;wƒkaV E;kaekj 1961 – 71 vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥;
dq`rZ okYnghe vkfLV_;k 1972 – 81 la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` fofHUu fud`k;kÍ eÍ
tsfo;j isjsl fM D;w¥j isÔ 1982 – 91 vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`k egRoiw.Z Lƒku
cqrjl cqrjl ?k¥h felz 1992 – 96 gS\ ;g la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k vfHUu vax
d`ksœ`h vUuku ?kuk 1997 – 2006 gS\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` lHh lnL; vUrjkZÆV_h;
cku d`h-ewu n\ d`ksfj;k 2007 ls vc rd` U;k;k¥; ds` lnL; gksrs gß\ vUrjkZT;h;
fooknkÍ d`ks lq¥>kus ds` vfrfjâ` ;g ,d`
d`jrh gS \ bu l(kÍ d`k ckjh–ckjh ls U;w;kWdZ` d`k;Z d`j ld`rh gS] tks mld`h vf|d`kfjrk ijkeæZnk;h d`k;Z Hh d`jrk gS\ bld`k
vkSj tsusok eÍ vk;kstu gksrk gS\ blds` eÍ vkrs gks vkSj og mu nwljs lHh d`k;ksÛ eq“;k¥; gsx ·uhnj¥S≥M‚ eÍ gS\ bls fo'o
vfrfjâ` ;g U;w;kWdZ` eÍ nks laxBukRed` d`ks d`j ld`rh gS] tks la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` d`k loksZPp U;k;k¥; ugÓ ekuk tk ld`rk\
l(kÍ d`k Hh vk;kstu d`jrh gS\ eq“; l( pkVZj eÍ vU;( fn, x, gß vƒok egklHk tc rd` fd`lh fo"; eÍ vU;ƒk visf”r u
ds` nkSjku ,d` mPpLrjh; cSBd` vk;ksftr }kjk mls lkßis x, gß\ vkfƒZd` ,oa gks rc rd` blds` fu.Z; Hh vfuok;Z Ôi
d`h tkrh gS ftleÍ efU(;kÍ ds` lkƒ ofjÆB lkekftd` ifj"nΩ ds` ^eq[ d`k;ksÛ eÍ ls ,d` ls ck÷;d`kjh ugÓ gksrs gß\ blds` lkƒ gh
vf|d`kjh Hh Hkx ¥srs gß\ bl cSBd` eÍ fofHUu fofæÆV vfHd`j.kÍ d`h xfrfof|;kÍ d`ksbZ Hh nsæ viuk fookn blds` le”
egRoiw.Z vkfƒZd` lkekftd` eqnΩnkÍ ij ppkZ eÍ leUo; d`juk Hh gS\ oLrqr# xjhckÍ] j[us ds` f¥, ck÷; ugÓ gS\
d`h tkrh gS\ ?k;¥kÍ rƒk vfæf”rkÍ d`h lgk;rk d`jds` vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`h Lƒkiuk gsx
vkfƒZd` vkSj lkekftd` ifj"nΩ vkfƒZd` ,oa lkekftd` ifj"nΩ fo'o ækfUr eÍ 3 v^S¥] 1946 d`ks gqbZ ƒh\ vUrjkZÆV_h;
vUrjkZÆV_h;] vkfƒZd`] lkekftd`] lkaLÎ`frd`] d`h Lƒkiuk eÍ lgk;rk d`jrh gS\ ;g lHh U;k;k¥; d`k lafo|ku 70 vuqPNsnkÍ eÍ gS\
æSf”d`] LokLF; rƒk lEcfU|r eke¥kÍ ij ^d`kj ds` ¥ksxkÍ ds` thou eÍ lq|kj d`jus la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h |kjk 92 ds` vuqlkj
v÷;;u d`j ld`rh gS rƒk bl fo"; eÍ d`k ^;Ru d`jrh gS\ vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`k xBu gqvk\
egklHk la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds` lnL;kÍ rƒk vkfƒZd` vkSj lkekftd` ifj"nΩ us vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`h ttkÍ d`h la“;k
fofæÆV vfHd`j.kÍ d`ks fjiksVZ ns ld`rh gS\ vusd` ”s(kÍ eÍ ljkguh; d`k;Z fd`;k gS\ 15 j[h xbZ gS\ ;s U;k;k|hæ vius eÍ ls
vuqPNsn 65 ds` vuqlkj ;g egklHk d`h foæs"r# blds` rƒk fofæÆV lfefr;kÍ ds` gh ,d` lHkifr rƒk milHkifr d`ks 3 o"Z
flœ`kfjækÍ ds` f∂`;kUo;u ds` lEcU| eÍ ,sls rRoko|ku eÍ ,fæ;k] v≠`hd`k vkSj ¥SfVu ds` f¥, pqurs gß\ U;k;k|hækÍ d`k pquko
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/698
lqj”k ifj"nΩ rƒk egklHk }kjk 9 o"Z ds`
f¥, fd`;k tkrk gS\ U;k;k|hækÍ d`ks vusd`
foæs"kf|d`kj lkßis tkrs gß\ U;k;k¥; ds`
lEeq[ okfn;kÍ ds` ^frfuf| ijkeæZnkrk
vkSj od`h¥kÍ d`ks Hh LorU(rkiwoZd` d`k;Z
d`jus d`h NwV nh tkrh gS\ U;k;k¥; d`h
x.iwfrZ 9 j[h xbZ gS\ U;k;k¥; ds` lHh
fu.Z; cgqer ls f¥, tkrs gß\ cgqer u
gksus ij lHkifr d`k fu.kZ;d` er ekU; gksrk
gS\ U;k;k¥; d`h Hk"k ≠ß`p rƒk vaxzsth gS\
U;k;k¥; ds` le” ^Lrqr eqd`nekÍ eÍ oknh
vkSj ^froknh ds`o¥ jkÆV_ gh gks ld`rs gß\
U;k;k¥; d`k [pZ lnL; nsæ nsrs gß\ [pZ
d`k fd`ruk fgLlk fd`l nsæ d`k nsuk gS ;g
egklHk r; d`jrh gS\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds`
okf"Zd` ctV eÍ U;k;k¥; d`k ctV Hh
lfEef¥r jgrk gS\ ;»fi U;k;k¥; d`k
Lƒk;h d`k;kZ¥; gsx eÍ gS\ rƒkfi eqd`nes
d`h lquokbZ nwljs nsæ eÍ Hh gks ld`rh gS\
vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`k ”s(kf|d`kj
fuEuf¥f[r rhu oxksÛ eÍ foHkftr fd`;k
tk ld`rk gS%
1. ,sfPNd` ”s(kf|d`kj (Voluntary
Jurisdiction)%vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥;
d`h lafof| d`h |kjk 36 ds` vuqlkj
U;k;k¥; mu lHh eke¥kÍ ij fopkj
d`j ld`rk gS ftud`ks lEcfU|r jkT;
U;k;k¥; ds` lEeq[ ^Lrqr d`js\
2. vfuok;Z ”s(kf|d`kj (Compulsory
Jurisdiction)%jkT; Lo;a ?ks " .k
d`jds` bu ”s(kÍ eÍ U;k;k¥; ds` vko-
';d` ”s(kf|d`kj d`ks Lohd`kj d`j ¥srk
gS\ ;s gß%laf| d`h O;k“;k] vUrjkZÆV_h;
d`kuwu ds` ”s( ls lEcfU|r lHh
eke¥s] fd`lh ,sls rF; d`k vfLrRo
ftlds` fl* gksus ij fd`lh vUrjkZÆV_h;
d`®ZO; d`k mY¥a?u le>k tk, rƒk
fd`lh vUrjkZÆV_h; fof| ds` mY¥a?u
ij ”friwfrZ d`k Ôi vkSj ifj.ke\
3. ijkeækZRed` ”s(kf|d`kj (Advisory
Jurisdiction)%egklHk ;k lq j ”k
ifj"nΩ fd`lh Hh d`kuwuh ^'u ij
vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`k ijkeæZ ek∑x
ld`rh gS\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` nwljs
vax rƒk foæs" vfHd`j. Hh muds`
vf|d`kj ”s( eÍ mBus ok¥s d`kuwuh
^'ukÍ ij U;k;k¥; d`k ijkeæZ ^kIr
d`j ld`rs gß\ ijkeæZ ds` f¥, laLƒk
ck÷; ugÓ gksrh gS\
pkVZ j ds ` fu;ekÍ ds ` vuq l kj
vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; oknkÍ d`k fu.Z; d`jus
eÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; fof| d`k ^;ksx d`jrk gS]
tks fuEuf¥f[r gß%
1. lkekU; vƒok fofæÆV iwoZ vUrjkZÆV_h;
laf|;k∑ vkSj le>kSrs ftud`ks oknxzLr
i” Lohd`kj d`jrs gkÍ\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/699
2. os vUrjkZÆV_h; ijEijk,a vkSj jhfr-
fjoktÍ ftUgÍ lkekU;r;k ^;ksx eÍ ekuk
tkrk gks\
3. l˙; jkÆV_kÍ }kjk ekU;rk ^kIr d`kuwukÍ
ds` lkekU; fl*kUr\
4. fHUu–fHUu jkÆV_kÍ ds` os®kvkÍ vkSj
U;k;k|hækÍ }kjk fn, x, fu.Z;\
;»fi vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; ds ` fu.Z;kÍ
ds` ihNs d`ksbZ ck÷;d`kjh æfâ` ugÓ gS fœ`j
Hh tc ls blus tUe f¥;k gS blds` }kjk
vusd` vUrjkZÆV_h; eke¥kÍ d`ks lq¥>k;k tk
pqd`k gS\
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? # fo'o ækfUr
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k loksZifj mˆs'; gS
fo'o ækfUr ,oa lqj”k d`ks cuk, j[uk gS\
pkVZj eÍ vuqPNsn 33 ls 38 rd` vUrjkZÆV_h;
fooknkÍ ds` ækfUr iw.Z le>kSrs d`h O;oLƒk,∑
d`h xbZ gß\ tc ls la? d`h Lƒkiuk gqbZ gS
rc ls vkt rd` vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr ,oa
lqj”k lEcU|h vusd` fookn blds` le”
¥k, x, gß\ bu fooknkÍ d`ks lq¥>kus eÍ
;»fi la? lnSo lœ`¥ ugÓ gqvk gS rƒkfi
vusd` ckj ;q* d`h lEHkoukvkÍ d`ks
Vk¥d`j fo'o–ækfUr d`h fnæk eÍ mlus
mY¥s[uh; Hwfed`k fuHkbZ gS\ ^kjEH ls gh
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? us jkÆV_kÍ ds` vkilh
fooknkÍ rƒk x~g;q*kÍ d`ks vius ækafr
^;klkÍ ,oa vfH;kukÍ }kjk nwj d`jus d`h
psÆVk d`h gS\ pkgs og d`ksfj;k leL;k jgh
gks ;k vjc-btjkb¥ la?"Z] ;eu ,oa
;wxksL¥kfo;k d`k x~g;q* gks ;k ¥scuku]
d`kaxks ,oa lkb^l lad`V] jksMsfæ;k eÍ ækfUr
Lƒkiuk d`k ^'u gks ;k lksekf¥;k d`h
fod`V fLƒfr la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? lnSo ækfUr
Lƒkiuk d`jus gsrq ^frc* jgk gS\ bl
lanHZ eÍ d`EcksfM;k eÍ d`jk;k x;k ækfUr
le>kSrk mY¥s[uh; gS] ¥sfd`u vkfƒZd`
lhferrkvkÍ] ?Vrh jktuhfrd` ^frc*rkvkÍ
rƒk d`e gksrs lSU; lg;ksx ls ;g fo'o
laLƒk d`bZ LƒkukÍ ij ækfUr Lƒkiuk d`jus
eÍ vlœ`¥ jgh\ vl¥ eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la?
d`h bl foœ`¥rk d`k ^eq [ d`kj.
vUrjkZÆV_h; leL;kvkÍ d`k lSfud` gLr”si
ls lek|ku d`jus d`h lksp gS\ vko';d`rk
bl ckr d`h gS fd` lSfud` gLr”si d`h ctk;
;ƒkƒZoknh ,oa larqf¥r uhfr viuk,\
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ,d` ,slh laLƒk gS]
tgk∑ fooknkÍ ds` fuiVkus ds` f¥, ,d` vksj
rks fopkj-foeæZ fd`;k tk ld`rk gS nwljh
vksj ;q* d`h lh fLƒfr;kÍ ,oa lEHkfor
fLƒfr;kÍ ds` fujkd`j. ds` f¥, ^LrkokÍ ds`
Ôi eÍ mik; lq>k, tkrs gß\ ;»fi la;qâ`
jkÆV_ la? d`k laxBu ,d` ljd`kj d`k laxBu
ugÓ gS vkSj u gh bld`h d`k;Z^.k¥h gh
ljd`kjh gS fœ`j Hh ;g vius lnL;kÍ ds`
lg;ksx ls tks d`nkfpr vkt fo'o ;q*kÍ
d`ks ,d` ^d`kj ls vekU; Lohd`kj d`j pqds`
gß\ i;kZIr Ôi ls fookn d`h fLƒfr ij
fu;a(. ikus] mld`k fujkd`j. d`jus ;k
mls foLr~r fookn d`k ”s( u cuus nsus ds`
f¥, vk|kj ^Lrqr d`jrk gS\ la;qâ` jkÆV_
la? us la?"Z d`k d`bZ fLƒfr;kÍ eÍ tSls fd`
d`kaxks vkSj lkb^l eÍ ækfUr j”k ds` ”s(
eÍ egRoiw.Z ;ksxnku fn;k gS\ blh ^d`kj
d`bZ vUrjkZÆV_h; fooknkÍ eÍ Hkjr-ckaX¥knsæ
fooknkÍ rƒk if'pe ,fæ;k lad`V eÍ mlds`
fopkj–foeæZ ,oa l¥kg-eæfojs ds` ek÷;e
ls gk¥kr d`h xgekxgeh d`ks d`e d`jus d`h
Hw f ed`k fuHkbZ gS \ vœ`xkfuLrku ls
lksfo;r lSfud`kÍ d`h okilh ds` ckjs eÍ
tusok le>kSrk (1988), bjkd`-bZjku ;q*
fojke le>kSrk (1988), ukehfc;k d`h
LorU(rk lEcU|h le>kSrk (1988),
vaxks¥k ls D;wckbZ lSfud`kÍ d`h okilh ds`
f¥, i;Zos”d`kÍ d`k n¥ rS;kj d`juk vkfn\
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h 16 ækfUr lsuk,a
fofHUu ”s(kÍ eÍ rSukr gß\ 1945 ls vc
rd` la? d`h ns[js[ eÍ ¥xHx 172
”s(h; la?"ksÛ d`k funku ækfUriw.Z le>kSrkÍ
}kjk fd`;k tk pqd`k gS\ vius 64 o"Z d`h
d`k¥kof| eÍ d`EcksfM;k] ukehfc;k] v¥
lYokMksj] ekstkfEcd` tSls 45 nsækÍ eÍ
fuÆi” pquko d`jokd`j ¥ksd`rU( d`h
Lƒkiuk eÍ la? us lg;ksx fn;k gS\ nf”.
v≠`hd`k eÍ jaxHsn d`ks lekIr d`jus d`h
fnæk eÍ la? d`ks vHwriwoZ lœ`¥rk fe¥h
gS\ blds` v¥kok la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds`
eq“;k¥; d`k viuk fofæÆV okrkoj. gS\
mlds` d`kWœ`h gkml ¥kmt vkSj xf¥;kjkÍ
eÍ ijLij fojks|h i”kÍ ds` ^frfuf| pkgs
vupkgs vkil eÍ fe¥ tkrs gß\ bl rjg
fojksf|;kÍ ds` chp laokn lEidZ` iwjh rjg
VwVrk ugÓ gS\ bu vukSipkfjd` lEidZ` ds`
ifj.keLoÔi d`Hh-d`Hh dq`N æad`kvkÍ d`k
fuokj. gks tkrk gS ;k ruko d`e gks tkrs gß\
vr# la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? vUrjkZÆV_h; fooknkÍ
d`ks mxz gksus ls jksd`us ds` f¥, ,d` lsŒVh
okYo (Safety Valve) d`k d`ke d`jrk gS\
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` le” pqukSfr;k∑
fo'o ;q* ds` jâ`jaftr bfrgkl ds`
iqujkorZu ls fo'o d`ks cpkus ds` f¥, fo'o
d`h rRd`k¥hu egkæfâ`;kÍ us la;qâ` jkÆV_
la? d`h Lƒkiuk d`h\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? us
fo'o ækfUr vkSj lqj”k Lƒkfir d`jus ds`
fofHUu vUrjkZÆV_h; fooknkÍ d`k lek|ku
fd`;k] ¥sfd`u cgqr ls eke¥kÍ eÍ ;g d`ksbZ
egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k ugÓ fuHk ld`k\ la;qâ`
jkÆV_ la? ds` fo'o jkT; cuus eÍ fofHUu
pqukSfr;k∑ mlds` lEeq[ fo»eku gß%
1. la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` ,d` fo'o jkT;
cuus eÍ lcls cÈMh pqukSrh vejhd`k
 }kjk Lƒkfir ,d`|zqoh; O;oLƒk gS\
vejhd`k }kjk la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`ks
vius fe( jkÆV_kÍ ds` lg;ksx ls vius
œ`k;ns ds` f¥, bLrsek¥ d`jus d`h
^o~f® la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` vkSfpR; ij
lokf¥;k fuæku ¥xk jgh gS\ bjkd`
,oa ;wxksL¥kfo;k ds` eke¥s eÍ vejhd`k
us ftl rjg ls la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k
bLrsek¥ fd`;k gS mlls fo'o ds`
fod`klæh¥ ,oa v*Zfod`flr jkÆV_kÍ d`h
utj eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` i”ikr
jfgr Hwfed`k d`h Nfo igq∑ph gS\
2. la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`k vkfƒZd` Ôi ls
fod`flr nsækÍ foæs"d`j vejhd`k ij
fuHZj jguk bl laLƒk ds` i”ikr
jfgr jgus d`h lEHkouk d`ks d`e d`j
nsrk gS\ vejhd`k }kjk la? d`ks vius
ctV eÍ d`eh d`jus tSls funsZæ nsus
ls la? d`h oSf'od` eqf[;k d`h Nfo
ij |Dd`k ¥xrk gS vkSj ;g blds`
d`etksjh d`ks mtkxj d`j nsrk gS\
3. la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h lcls cÈMh d`eh
bld`h viuh lsuk d`k vHko gksuk gS\
blds` lnL; nsækÍ ds` lf∂`; lg;ksx
foæs"d`j lSU; æfâ` ls etcwr nsækÍ
ds` lg;ksx ij fuHZj jguk iÈMrk gS\
blls la? lgh le; ij u rks ;q*
jksd` ld`rk gS vkSj ugÓ ækfUr Lƒkiuk
d`k d`k;Z gh le; ij d`j ld`rk gS\
4. vUrjkZÆV_h; jktuhfrd` fo'¥s"d`kÍ d`k
ekuuk gS fd` tc rd` la;qâ` jkÆV_ la?
d`h egklHk d`ks vf|d`kj ugÓ fn;k
tk,xk vkSj tc rd` lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ
vf|d` nsækÍ d`ks ækfe¥ d`jds` bls
^tkrkaf(d` æD¥ ugÓ nh tk,xh rc
rd` la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ,d` fo'o jkT;
cuus ds` ¥k;d` ugÓ cu lds`xk\
5. la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? viuh laxBukRed`
ijsækfu;kÍ ds` lkƒ–lkƒ fo'oHj eÍ
rsth ls cÈ<rs vkrad`okn] ”s(h;rkokn
vkSj vkilh oSeuL;rk ds` d`kj. Hh
fo'o jkT; cuus d`h lEHkouk ”h.
gks tkrh gS\
bu pqukSfr;kÍ ds` lkƒ–lkƒ dq`N ,sls
Hh lads`r gß tks ;g lEHkouk,a ^Lrqr
d`jrs gß fd` vkus ok¥s fnukÍ eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_
la? ,d` fo'o jkT; cu tk,xk\ ijek.q
v^lkj laf|] i;kZoj. leL;k ds` funku
ds` f¥, lkewfgd` ^;kl fo'o ds` vkfƒZd`
Ôi ls ,d` lw( eÍ c∑|us] [rjukd` æL(kÍ
ds` f[¥kœ` cÈ<rh tuHkouk] ifjogu ,oa
lapkj ds` ”s( eÍ vkbZ ∂`kfUr vkfn ds`
d`kj. vkt lEiw.Z fo'o ,d` ‘oSf'od`
xk∑o’ (Global Village) eÍ ifjofrZr gksrk
tk jgk gS\ lHh rjg ds` oSf'od` lg;ksx
eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? d`h cÈ<rh Hwfed`k vc
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/700
bl rF; d`ks mtkxj d`jrh gS] tgk∑ vkt
lEiw.Z fo'o la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? ds` usr~Ro eÍ
,d` lw( eÍ c∑|rk tk jgk gS] ogÓ la? d`h
Hwfed`k vc ,d` oSf'od` eqf[;k d`k Ôi
¥srk tk jgk gS\ ,slh fLƒfr eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_
la? ds` ,d` fo'o jkT; cuus d`h lEHkouk
cÈ< tkrh gS\
la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? rƒk Hkjr
Hkjr d`h Hwfed`k%la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h
ækfUr Lƒkiuk d`h xfrfof|;kÍ eÍ Hkjr d`h
egRoiw.Z ,oa ljkguh; Hwfed`k d`ks ns[rs
gq, bld`h lnL;rk d`h nkosnkjh ls bud`kj
ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\ fiN¥s ik∑p næd`kÍ eÍ
gq, T;knkrj egRoiw.Z d`k;Z∂`ekÍ eÍ Hkjr d`h
Hkxhnkjh fe¥rh gS\ Hkjr us fiN¥s 1950
ds` næd` eÍ d`ksfj;k] d`EcksfM;k] fo;ruke]
flokbZ o ¥scuku vkfn nsækÍ eÍ gqbZ
d`k;Zokgh eÍ fgLlk f¥;k gS\ orZeku lUnHZ
eÍ ^eq[ d`k;Zokfg;kÍ] tSls bjkd`–bZjku]
vaxks¥k] ukehfc;k] bjkd`–dq`oSr]
;wxksL¥kfo;k] d`EcksfM;k] lksekf¥;k] jokaMk
vkfn eÍ Hh læâ` Hwfed`k,a fuHkbZ gß\
1. loZ^ƒe 1953 eÍ d`ksfj;k ds` ;q* ds`
le; Hkjrh; lSfud`kÍ d`ks ;q* ds`
dS`fn;kÍ d`h ftEesokjh ls fuiVus gsrq
rVLƒ nsækÍ ds` ^R;korZu vk;ksx ds`
v÷;” d`h Hwfed`k fuHkbZ\
2. tq¥kbZ 1954 eÍ b≥Mksusfæ;k ”s( ls
lEcfU|r tsusok le>kSrs ds` vUrxZr
Hkjr d`ks baMksusfæ;k ”s( ds` fu;a(.
,oa fujh”. ds` f¥, xfBr vUrjkZÆV_h;
vk;ksx ds` v÷;” d`h Hwfed`k fuHkbZ\
3. 1960–63 eÍ d`kaxks eÍ ækfUr d`h
Lƒkiuk ds` f¥, Hkjr d`h ,d` LorU(
fczxsM d`ks d`k;Z lkßik x;k] ftls
ftEesnkjhiwoZd` fuHk;k\
4. lcls ^eq[ d`k;Z œ`jojh 1992 eÍ
lrhæ ukafc;kj d`ks ;wxksL¥kfo;k eÍ
la;qâ` jkÆV_ lqj”k lsuk d`k d`ekaMj
fu;qâ` fd`;k x;k\
blds` vfrfjâ` 50 o"ksÛ eÍ Hkjr us
la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h 23 ækfUr Lƒkiuk d`h
xfrfof|;kÍ eÍ Hkx f¥;k gS\ Hkjr ækfUr
lsuk d`k lgh f∂`;kUo;u d`h Hwfed`k d`ks
ns[rs gq, bld`h fo'oHj eÍ ljkguk gqbZ
gS\ blds` vfrfjâ` Hkjr us la;qâ` jkÆV_
d`h fofHUu xfrfof|;kÍ eÍ viuk ;ksxnku
fn;k% ^ƒe] Hkjr us la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h
Lƒkiuk eÍ Hkxhnkjh] mlds` vknæksÛ ,oa
mˆs';kÍ ds` ^fr opuc*rk] ækfUriw.Z <ax
ls fooknkÍ d`k g¥ d`jus rƒk fo'o ds`
fofHUu ”s(kÍ ækfUr Lƒkiuk ij c¥ nsd`j
blds` laLƒkxr <k∑ps ds` fu|kZj.] d`k;kZUo;u
rƒk fod`kl d`h ^f∂`;k d`ks cÈ<k;k gS\ f}rh;]
Hkjr us Ôl o v≠`hd`k ds` jkÆV_kÍ d`ks
mifuosæokn ds` paxq¥ ls LorU( d`jk;k\
r~rh;] Hkjr us ;gk∑ ij ^pf¥r jaxHsn]
xjhch] csjkstxkjh rƒk vfæ”k d`ks nwj
d`jds` bu jkÆV_kÍ d`ks ækfUr ^f∂`;k ds`
egRo d`ks le>kus rƒk ml ij ve¥
d`jus ;ksX; cuk;k\ prqƒZ] loZ^ƒe Hkjr
us fujL(hd`j. o æL( fu;a(. d`h
^f∂`;k eÍ lf∂`; Hwfed`k fuHkbZ rƒk
gfƒ;kjkÍ ls eqâ` fo'o d`h d`Yiuk d`ks
lkd`kj cuk;k\ iape] jktuSfrd` ds` lkƒ
vkfƒZd` le~f*] lekurk ,oa U;k; gsrq ubZ
vkfƒZd` fo'o O;oLƒk ds` fuekZ. eÍ Hh
lf∂`; ;ksxnku fn;k\ NBk] orZeku la?"ksÛ
ls fuiVus gsrq la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h ækfUr
O;oLƒk d`h xfrfof|;kÍ eÍ O;kid` Lrj ij
lg;ksx ds` ek÷;e ls jkT;kÍ ds` chp ruko
ok¥s ”s(kÍ eÍ ækfUr Lƒkfir d`jus ds` ^;kl
fd`,\
Hkjr d`k lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ Lƒk;h
lnL;rk d`k nkok
fo'o ds` vf|d`kaæ nsæ la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds`
lokZf|d` ^Hkoh vax] lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds`
lq|kj ,oa foLrkj d`h Hh ek∑x d`j jgs gß\
fo'o ds` dq`N nsæ lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds`
foLrkj d`h ek∑x ds` lkƒ–lkƒ bl ifj"nΩ
d`h lnL;rk ds` f¥, viuk nkok ^Lrqr
d`j jgs gß\ ,sls nsækÍ eÍ Hkjr Hh ,d` gS\
Hkjr us lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h Lƒk;h lnL;rk
ds` f¥, nkok d`jus ds` ∂`e eÍ fuEuf¥f[r
rdZ` fn, gß%
1. ¥xHx ,d` vjc tula“;k ds` lkƒ
Hkjr fo'o d`k nwljk lcls cÈMk
tula“;k ok¥k nsæ gS\
2. lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`k
^frfuf| ugÓ gS\ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ,oa
xqVfujis” vkUnks¥u ds` LokHkfod`
usrk gksus ds` d`kj. Hkjr d`ks lqj”k
ifj"nΩ d`k Lƒk;h lnL; cuuk pkfg,\
3. lq j ”k ifj"nΩ eÍ lHh ”s ( kÍ d`ks
^frfuf|Ro fn;k tkuk pkfg,] blf¥,
nf”. ,fæ;k ”s( ls Hkjr d`ks ;g
Lƒku ^kIr gksuk pkfg,\
4. HkSxksf¥d` n~fÆV ls Hh Hkjr d`kœ`h
foæk¥ nsæ gS\
5. viuh LorU(rk ds` ckn ls Hkjr us
gesæk vUrjkZÆV_h; lnΩHko ,oa ækfUr
Lƒkiuk ds` d`k;Z eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ la?
d`k leƒZu ,oa lg;ksx fd`;k gS\
6. orZeku fo'o vkfƒZd` O;oLƒk eÍ Hkjr
d`k Lƒku NBk gS\ bl d`kj. Hh Hkjr
d`ks Lƒk;h lnL;rk fe¥uh pkfg,\
vr# la;qâ` jkÆV_ la? eÍ Hkjr d`h
fLƒfr rƒk Hkjr ds` ækfUriw.Z d`k;ksÛ d`ks
ns[rs gq, lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ bls Lƒk;h
lnL;rk fe¥uh pkfg,\
●●●
 lkekftd` ¥s[ efg¥k lkf|d`kfjrk gsrq oSf'od` ig¥
oSf'od` Lrj ij ¥ksd`rkaf(d` O;oLƒk
tSls-tSls lqn~È< gksrh xbZ] efg¥kvkÍ d`ks
fo'o eÍ efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`h fLƒfr iq:"kÍ ds` led`” ¥kus d`h eqfge eÍ Hh
rsth vkrh xbZ\ fof| ,oa U;k; ds` le”
lekurk] ¥ksd` lsokvkÍ eÍ fu;qfDr gsrq
 vuhæ Hlhu leku volj] fopkj vfHO;fDr] fuokl]
jkstxkj vkfn d`h LorU(rk ikfjokfjd`
∏;( uk;ZLrq iwtrs jeUrs r( nsorkπ ek( 10-20 ^frær gh gS\ lkekftd`] lEif® eÍ fgLlsnkjh] fu.Z;u ds` ^R;sd`
vƒkZrΩ tgk∑ efg¥k d`h iwtk gksrh gS] ogk∑ vkfƒZd`] jktuhfrd` vkfn lHh ”s(kÍ eÍ Lrj ij lekurk] [ku-iku] jgu-lgu]
nsork clrs gß\ iwtk d`k vƒZ lEeku ls gS\ efg¥kvkÍ ds` lkƒ HsnHko fd`;k tkrk gS\ fæ”k vkfn ds` ”s( eÍ lekurk vkfn
rkRi;Z ;g gS fd` tgk∑ efg¥k d`k lEeku
lkjs fo'o eÍ ¥ksd`rkaf(d` ^.k¥h vk|kfjr eke¥kÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks u ds`o¥ iq:"kÍ ds`
gksrk gS] ogk∑ lq[ ,oa le~f* d`k okl
æklu O;oLƒk viuk, tkus ds` ckotwn cjkcj ¥k;k x;k] oju tgk∑ d`gÓ
gksrk gS\ efg¥k ls gh ?j] ifjokj] lekt
efg¥kvkÍ d`ks iq:"kÍ ds` led`” vf|d`kj vko';d`rk ƒh] ogk∑ muds` lEeku ,oa
curk gS vkSj nsæ rjDd`h d`jrk gS\ efg¥k fuÆBk d`h j”k ds` f¥, foæs" ^ko|ku Hh
csVh] cgu] iRuh] ek∑ Hh gS vkSj nsoh Hh\ ^kIr ugÓ gS\ muds` ekuokf|d`kjkÍ d`k guu fd`, x,\ oSf'od` Lrj ij fd`, x, ^;klkÍ
¥sfd`u ?j-ifjokj] leqnk; d`h fd`;k tkrk gS rƒk mud`k vkfƒZd` ,oa d`k ¥s[k-tks[k rkf¥d`k-1 eÍ ^Lrqr fd`;k
ifjlEif®;kÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`h fgLlsnkjh nSfgd` æks". fd`;k tkrk gS\ x;k gS\
rkf¥d`k-1 # oSf'od` Lrj ij efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ ds` fod`kl d`k ?Vuk∂`e
∂`\la\ o"Z nsæ d`k uke ?Vuk fooj.
1. 1792 fczVsu vk|qfud` ukjhoknh vkUnks¥u d`h laLƒkid` esjh oqYLVu ∂S`IV d`h efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ ij iqLrd`
‘foUMhds`æu vkWœ` nh jkbVΩl vkWœ` oheu’ ^d`kfær gqbZ\
2. 1857 vejhd`k U;w;kWdZ` ægj ds` ¥ksmj bZLV b¥kds` eÍ æks". ,oa cng¥ ls (Lr efg¥kvkÍ us vf|d`kjkÍ ds` f¥, 8
ekpZ] 1857 d`ks cxkor d`h\ blh le; ls ^fro"Z 8 ekpZ d`ks fo'o eÍ ‘efg¥k fnol’ euk;k tkrk gS\
3. 1869 fczVsu efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ ij ts\ ,l\ fe¥ d`h iqLrd` ‘lCtsDæu vkWœ` oheu’ ^d`kfær\
4. 1890 vejhd`k jkÆV_h; efg¥k laxBu d`h Lƒkiuk\
5. 1893 U;wth¥S≥M fo'o eÍ loZ^ƒe U;wth¥S≥M eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\
6. 1901 vkLV_sf¥;k efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\
7. 1903 œz`kal œz`kal d`h eSMe D;wjh ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ^kIr d`jus ok¥h ^ƒe efg¥k cuh\
8. 1908 vejhd`k ‘baVjusæu¥ oheu jkbVΩl ,¥k;al’ d`h Lƒkiuk gqbZ\
9. 1913 ukWosZ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\
10. 1913 vejhd`k usæu¥ oheu ikVhZ d`h Lƒkiuk\
11. 1916 d`ukMk efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr\
12. 1917 Hkjr ‘oheu bafM;u ,lksfl,æu’ vƒkZrΩ efg¥kvkÍ d`k Hkjrh; la? d`h Lƒkiuk\
13. 1918 fczVsu efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr ·tcfd` o;Ld` erkf|d`kj 1928 eÍ ^kIr gqvk‚\
14. 1920 vejhd`k 19oÍ lafo|ku laæks|u }kjk vejhd`k eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\
15. 1927 Hkjr ‘vkW¥ bf≥M;k oheu ¥hx’ d`h Lƒkiuk\
16. 1945 bV¥h efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\
17. 1946 vUrjkZÆV_h; Lrj ij la;qDr jkÆV_ la? }kjk ‘LVsVΩl vkWœ` ohel’ ds` uke ij ,d` d`ehæu d`k xBu\
18. 1948 vUrjkZÆV_h; Lrj ij la;qDr jkÆV_ d`h egklHk us 10 fnlEcj] 1948 d`ks ekuokf|d`kjkÍ d`h lkoZHkSfed` ?ks".k-i( Lohd`kj
fd`;k\ ?ks".k-i( ds` vusd` vuqPNsnkÍ eÍ efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`k mY¥s[ gS\
19. 1952 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? la;qDr jkÆV_ la? d`h egklHk us efg¥kvkÍ ds` jktuhfrd` vf|d`kjkÍ ds` fu;ekÍ d`ks ikfjr fd`;k\
20. 1959 Jh¥ad`k fo'o d`h ‘^ƒe efg¥k ^|kuea(h’ ds` Ôi eÍ ,l\ H≥Mkjuk;ds` pquh xbZ\
21. 1966 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? la;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk }kjk ‘flfo¥ vkSj jktuhfrd` vf|d`kjkÍ ij vUrjkZÆV_h; ^lafonk’ rƒk
‘vkfƒZd`] lkekftd` vkSj lkaLd~`frd` vf|d`kjkÍ ij vUrjkZÆV_h; ^lafonk’ fnlEcj 1966 eÍ Lohd`kj
d`h xbZ] tcfd` ;g nksukÍ ^lafonk,a 1976 eÍ ^Hkoh gks ld`Ó\ ^lafonkvkÍ ds` d`bZ vuqPNsn efg¥k
vf|d`kjkÍ ls lEcfU|r gß\
22. 1971 fLoVΩtj¥S≥M efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\
23. 1974 œz`kal œz`kal d`h lheksu n cqvk ukjh eqfDr vkUnks¥u d`h v÷;” pquh xbÛ\
24. 1975 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? efg¥kvkÍ ds` mRƒku gsrq ‘vUrjkZÆV_h; æks| ,oa ^fæ”.’ laLƒku d`h Lƒkiuk la;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk
}kjk d`h xbZ\
25. 1975 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? fo'o eÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; efg¥k lEes¥u vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k\
26. 1975 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ig¥k fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u tq¥kbZ 1975 eÍ eSfDld`ks eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k\

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/701

 27. 1975 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? o"Z 1975 ‘vUrjkZÆV_h; efg¥k o"Z’ ds` Ôi eÍ euk;k x;k\
28. 1975–85 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, ‘la;qDr jkÆV_ næd`’ ds` Ôi eÍ euk;k x;k\
29. 1976 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? efg¥kvkÍ gsrq ‘la;qDr jkÆV_ fod`kl fuf|’ d`h Lƒkiuk d`h xbZ\
30. 1979 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? efg¥kvkÍ ds` fo:* lHh ^d`kj ds` HsnHko d`h lekfIr ij ^lafonk la;qDr jkÆV_ egklHk }kjk 18
fnlEcj] 1979 d`ks Lohd~`r d`h xbZ vkSj flrEcj 1981 eÍ ¥kxw gks xbZ\
31. 1980 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? f}rh; fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u tq¥kbZ 1980 eÍ d`ksisugsxu ·MsuekdZ`‚ eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k\
32. 1985 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? r~rh; fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u tq¥kbZ 1985 eÍ uSjksch ·d`hfu;k‚ eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k\
33. 1992 Hkjr Hkjr eÍ jkÆV_h; efg¥k vk;ksx d`k xBu\
34. 1993 Hkjr lafo|ku ds` 73oÍ ,oa 74oÍ laæks|u }kjk iapk;rh jkt laLƒkvkÍ rƒk Lƒkuh; uxj fud`k;kÍ eÍ ,d`-
frgkbZ in efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, vkjf”r d`jds` fu.Z;u eÍ mud`h Hkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr d`h xbZ\
35. 1994 Ôl ohesu vkWœ` ,fæ;k uked` vkUnks¥u d`h uÓo j[h xbZ\
36. 1995 la;qDr jkÆV_ la? prqƒZ fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u 1995 eÍ isb¯px ·phu‚ eÍ vk;ksftr fd`;k x;k\
37. 2001 Hkjr ‘efg¥k læfDrd`j. o"Z’ ds` Ôi eÍ euk;k x;k\
38. 2002 vUrj lalnh; la? vUrj lalnh; la? ds` ,d` vuqeku ds` vuqlkj o"Z 2002 eÍ tkjh fjiksVZ vuqlkj fo'o eÍ dq`¥
lkalnkÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`k ds`o¥ 14·7 ^frær gS\
39. 2005 ckaX¥knsæ laln d`h dq`¥ 300 lhV eÍ ls 45 lhVÍ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, vkjf”r d`h xbÛ\
40. 2005 dq`oSr efg¥kvkÍ d`ks erkf|d`kj ^kIr gqvk\
41. 2005 teZuh ,ats¥k edsZ`¥ teZuh d`h ^ƒe efg¥k pkal¥j cuÓ\
42. 2005 ¥kbcsfj;k ,s¥u tkWgUlu lj¥hœ` vœz`hd`k eÍ jkÆV_ifr ds` in ij fu;qDr gksus ok¥h ^ƒe efg¥k cuÓ\
43. 2005 Hkjr Hkjr eÍ ?js¥w ¯glk ls efg¥kvkÍ d`h lqj”k ^nku d`jus ok¥k ?js¥w ¯glk vf|fu;e] 2005 ikfjr\
44. 2006 cgjhu tklse v¥ d`kojh [kÈMh nsæ eÍ efg¥k U;k;k|hæ fu;qDr gksus ok¥h ^ƒe efg¥k cuÓ\

la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ,oa efg¥k iq:" nksukÍ d`ks leku osru fn;k jkÆV_ fod`kl fuf| rhu ^eq[ ”s(kÍ eÍ d`k;Z
vf|d`kj tkuk vfuok;Z d`j fn;k x;k gS\ d`jrh gS] tks bl ^d`kj gS%
la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` pkVZj d`h ● vuq PNsn–26 (1)%^R;sd` O;fDr d`ks ● æklu] usr~Ro vkSj fu.Z; ^f∂`;k eÍ
fæ”k d`k vf|d`kj ^kIr gS tks d`e- efg¥kvkÍ d`h Hkxhnkjh cÈ<kuk«
^Lrkouk eÍ d`gk x;k gS fd` ∏ge la;qDr
jkÆV_ ds` ¥ksx ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ew¥Hwr ekuokf|d`kjkÍ ls - d`e ^kjfEHd` vkSj ekSf¥d` voLƒk ● fod`kl d`ks vf|d` lekurkiw.Z cukus
eÍ fu#æq Yd` gksxh\ bl ^d`kj ?ks".k- ds` f¥, efg¥kvkÍ ds` ekuokf|d`kjkÍ
eÍ ekuo d`h xfjek vkSj egRo eÍ rƒk L(h i( eÍ lekt ds` ^R;sd` O;fDr d`ks d`ks cÈ<kok nsuk«
iq:" ds` leku vf|d`kjkÍ eÍ vkLƒk O;Dr fæ”k ^kIr d`jus d`k vf|d`kj gS]
d`jrs gß˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙\π bl ^d`kj pkVZj eÍ ● m»fe;kÍ rƒk mRiknd`kÍ ds` Ôi eÍ
pkgs og L(h gks ;k iq:"\
efg¥kvkÍ d`ks lekurk ds` vf|d`kj d`h efg¥kvkÍ d`h vkfƒZd` ”erk d`ks
?ks".k d`h xbZ gS\ ekuokf|d`kjkÍ ds` efg¥kvkÍ d`h ^fLƒfr ij vk;ksx etcwr cukuk\
lkoZHkSfed` ?ks".k-i(] 1948 d`ks lHh ·n d`ehæu vkWu n LVsVl vkWœ`
lnL; jkÆV_kÍ }kjk bld`k lEeku d`jus ds` ohesu‚ flfo¥ vkSj jktuhfrd` vf|d`kjkÍ
f¥, ck÷; fd`;k x;k gS\ bl ?ks".k-i( vkfƒZd` ,oa lkekftd` ifj"nΩ }kjk
ij vUrjkZÆV_h; ^lafonk ,oa efg¥k
ds` d`bZ vuqPNsnkÍ eÍ efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`k 1946 eÍ ;g vk;ksx Lƒkfir fd`;k x;k\ vf|d`kj
mY¥s[ fe¥rk gS ftueÍ ^eq[ bl ^d`kj vk;ksx lEiw.Z fo'o eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`h flfo¥ vkSj jktuhfrd` vf|d`kjkÍ ij
gS% lekurk d`h fnæk eÍ d`h xbZ ^xfr d`h vUrjkZÆV_h; ^lafonk d`ks la;qDr jkÆV_ la?
● vuqPNsn– 2 %^R;sd` O;fDr bl tk∑p ,oa jktuhfrd`] vkfƒZd`] lkekftd` d`h egklHk us fnlEcj 1966 eÍ Lohd~`fr
?ks".k-i( eÍ of.Zr lHh vf|d`kjkÍ ”s(kÍ eÍ fL(;kÍ ds` vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks cÈ<kus ds` nh vkSj ;g ^lafonk 23 ekpZ] 1976 ls
vkSj Lora(rkvkÍ d`k gd`nkj gS\ bleÍ f¥, flœ`kfjæÍ d`jrk gS\ orZeku eÍ vk;ksx ¥kxw gks xbZ\ ^lafonk ds` d`bZ vuqPNsn
ew¥oaæ] o.Z] ¯¥x] |eZ] jktuhfr] ds` 45 lnL; gß\ vk;ksx us leLr fo'o eÍ efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ ls lEcfU|r gS ftueÍ
jkÆV_h;rk] lkekftd` mnΩHo] lEif®] efg¥kvkÍ d`h fLƒfr ds` lEcU| eÍ vk∑d`ÈMs ^eq[ bl ^d`kj gß%
tUe ;k vU; ^fLƒfr ds` vk|kj ij ,d`f(r fd`, rƒk ekuokf|d`kjkÍ d`h lkoZ- ● vuqPNsn–2 (1) ds ` vuq l kj lHh
d`ksbZ HsnHko ugÓ fd`;k tk,xk\ HkSfed` ?ks".k rS;kj d`jus eÍ enn d`h\ jkT; vius ”s( eÍ bl ^lafonk eÍ
● vuqPNsn–16 (1)%o;Ld` iq:"kÍ vkSj efg¥kvkÍ gsrq la;qDr jkÆV_ fod`kl Lohd~`r vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks fcuk ^tkfr
fL(;kÍ d`ks ew¥oaæ] jkÆV_h;rk ;k |eZ fuf| ·;wukbVsM usæal Mso¥ieÍV jax] ¯¥x] Hk"k] |eZ˙˙˙˙˙ ds` vk|kj
ds` d`kj. fd`lh lhek ds` fcuk] fookg œ`≥M œ`kWj ohesu‚ ij fcuk HsnHko vf|d`kjkÍ ds` lEeku
d`jus vkSj dq`VqEc Lƒkfir d`jus d`k ;g ,d` LoSfPNd` fuf| gS] tks d`jus d`k opu nsrk gS\
vf|d`kj gS\ efg¥kvkÍ ds` ekuokf|d`kjkÍ] muds` vkfƒZd` ● vuqPNsn–3 ds` vuqlkj ^lafonk eÍ
● vuqPNsn–23 (2)%^R;sd` O;fDr d`ks rƒk jktuhfrd` lc¥hd`j. vkSj ¥ßfxd` fn, x, lHh flfo¥ vkSj jktuhfrd`
fd`lh HsnHko ds` fcuk] leku d`k;Z lekurk d`ks ^ksRlkfgr d`jus ok¥s u, <ax vf|d`kjkÍ d`k ¥kH mBkus ds` f¥,
ds` f¥, leku osru d`k vf|d`kj gS\ ds` d`k;Z∂`ekÍ d`k leƒZu ,oa rd`uhd`h iq:" o fL(;kÍ d`ks leku vf|d`kj
vƒkZrΩ leku d`k;Z ds` f¥, fL(;k∑ ,oa lgk;rk nsrh gS\ efg¥kvkÍ gsrq la;qDr gkÍxs\
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/702
 rkf¥d`k 2 # fo'o ds` ^eq[ nsækÍ ds` lafo|kukÍ ds` vUrxZr efg¥kvkÍ ds` vf|d`kj
∂`\la\ nsæ d`k lafo|ku lafo|ku d`k vuqPNsn efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, mi;ksxh ^ko|ku
1. Hkjr (1950) vuqPNsn 14–32 efg¥kvkÍ d`ks d`bZ vf|d`kj ^kIr gß ftueÍ ^eq[ gß%lekurk d`k vf|d`kj] LorU(rk
d`k vf|d`kj] æks". ds` fo:* vf|d`kj] |kfeZd` Lora(rk d`k vf|d`kj ,oa fæ”k
lEcU|h vf|d`kj vkfn\
vuqPNsn 39 ·?‚ L(h-iq:" nksukÍ ds` f¥, leku d`k;Z ds` f¥, leku osru d`h O;oLƒk d`h xbZ gS\
vuqPNsn 42 efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, ^lwfr lgk;rk d`k vf|d`kj\
2. D;wck (1976) vuqPNsn 46 efg¥k ,oa iq:" d`ks vkfƒZd`] jktuhfrd`] lkekftd` ,oa ikfjokfjd` fo";kÍ eÍ leku
vf|d`kj ^kIr gS\
3. phu (1982) vuqPNsn 49 ifr-iRuh d`ks ifjokj fu;kstu d`k O;ogkj eÍ ¥kus d`k vknsæ fn;k x;k gS\
4. rqd`hZ (1982) vuqPNsn 41 jkT; d`k d`®ZO; gS fd` og ifjokj ds` d`Y;k. ,oa fu;kstu ds` f¥, efg¥kvkÍ ,oa
iq:" ds` f¥, fæ”k ^nku d`js\
5. nf”. d`ksfj;k (1987) vuqPNsn 36 bl vuqPNsn }kjk fookg ,oa ikfjokfjd` thou ds` f¥, efg¥k ,oa iq:" d`ks leku
vf|d`kj ^nku fd`, x, gß\
6. czkth¥ (1988) vuqPNsn 226 efg¥k ,oa iq:" nksukÍ vius ifjokj fu;kstu ds` f¥, fu.Z; ¥sus gsrq Lora( gS\
7. iqrZxk¥ (1989) vuqPNsn 67(2) jkT; d`k d`®ZO; gS fd` og efg¥k ,oa iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, ;g vf|d`kj ^nku d`js fd` og
ifjokj fu;kstu d`h T;knk-ls-T;knk tkud`kjh ^kIr d`js\
8. vYthfj;k (1989) vuqPNsn 28 lHh ukxfjd` d`kuwu ds` lkeus leku gS pkgs og efg¥k gks ;k iq:"\
9. d`ks¥fEc;k (1991) vuqPNsn 43 efg¥k ,oa iq:" d`ks leku vf|d`kj ,oa volj ^kIr gS\
10. m®j d`ksfj;k (1992) vuqPNsn 62 efg¥kvkÍ d`ks lekt eÍ iq:" ds` leku Lrj ^kIr\
11. gaxjh (1994) vuqPNsn 66 efg¥kvkÍ ,oa iq:"kÍ d`ks lkekftd`] jktuhfrd`] vkfƒZd` ,oa lkaLd~`frd` ”s(kÍ eÍ
lekurk d`h xkj≥Vh ^nku d`h xbZ gS\
12. ;w∂s`u (1994) vuqPNsn 25 efg¥k ,oa iq:" d`ks leku vf|d`kj ^kIr\
13. ikiqvk U;wfxuh (1995) vuqPNsn 2 fookg ds` ckjs eÍ efg¥k ,oa iq:" d`ks leku vf|d`kj\
14. vtjcstku (1995) vuqPNsn 25 efg¥k ,oa iq:" d`ks leku vf|d`kj ^kIr\
15. cs¥kÔl (1996) vuqPNsn 32 ifr ,oa iRuh d`ks ifjokj eÍ leku vf|d`kj ^kIr\

● vuqPNsn–23 (2) ds` vuqlkj fookg
;ksX; vk;q ds` iq:"kÍ vkSj fL(;kÍ ds`
fookg d`jus vkSj dq`VqEc cukus ds`
vf|d`kj d`ks ekU;rk nh tk,xh\
blh ^d`kj ds` ^ko|ku vkfƒZd`]
lkekftd` vkSj lkaLd~`frd` vf|d`kjkÍ d`h
vUrjkZÆV_h; ^lafonk eÍ Hh fd`, x, gß\
vUrjkZÆV_h; efg¥k o"Z o næd` d`h
?ks".k
efg¥kvkÍ ds` fod`kl ds` lUnHZ eÍ iwjs
fo'o ls efg¥k mRƒku vkSj fod`kl ds`
^fr psruk txkus ds` f¥, la;qDr jkÆV_
egklHk us o"Z 1975 d`ks ‘vUrjkZÆV_h;
efg¥k o"Z’ ?ksf"r fd`;k\ blds` rhu mˆs';
LiÆV fd`,%loZ^ƒe] iq:" vkSj efg¥kvkÍ
d`ks lekurk d`k ntkZ nsuk] f}rh; fo'o
ækfUr Lƒkiuk d`h fnæk eÍ efg¥k lg;ksx
^kIr d`juk ,oa r~rh;] fod`kl d`k;Z eÍ
fL(;kÍ d`k ;ksxnku\ vUrjkZÆV_h; efg¥k o"Z
d`ks ‘fV_C;wu’ ds` uke ls Hh tkuk tkrk gS\
bleÍ ^ƒe fo'o d`k;Z ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ
vkSj efg¥k lekurk ds` f¥, efg¥k næd`
(1975–1985) d`h ?ks".k d`h xbZ\ efg¥k
o"Z ds` d`k;Z∂`ekÍ d`ks ubZ fnæk vkSj lg;ksx
ds` fcUnq ij c¥ nsrs gq, buds` fuEu-
f¥f[r d`k;Z∂`e cuk, x,] tks bl ^d`kj
gß%
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/703
1. efg¥kvkÍ d`ks f}rh; Js.h d`k ukxfjd`
u le>d`j ,d`leku ukxfjd` le>k
tkuk pkfg,\
2. ukjh ds` lkƒ tUetkr] tkfrxr]
|eZ] jkÆV_xr HsnHko d`h lekfIr gsrq
lkƒZd` ^;kl\
3. lkekftd` vU;k; lekIr gksuk pkfg,\
4. fo'o ækfUr eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`h vf|-
d`kf|d` lk>snkjh lqfuf'pr gksuh
pkfg,\
5. nsæ o lekt ds` fuekZ. eÍ efg¥kvkÍ
d`h vkf|d`kf|d` lk>snkjh gksuh pkfg,\
6. efg¥kvkÍ d`ks iq:"kÍ ds` leku ntkZ
^kIr gksuk pkfg,\
efg¥kvkÍ ds` fo:`* lHh ^d`kj ds`
HsnHko d`h lekfIr ij ^lafonk
la;qDr jkÆV_ d`h egklHk }kjk 18
fnlEcj] 1979 d`ks Lohd~ ` r vkS j 3
flrEcj] 1981 ls ^Hkoh bl lafonk d`ks
efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`ks fnæk eÍ eh¥ d`k
iRƒj ekuk tkrk gS\ vc rd` 166 ns æ
bl ^lafonk ij gLrk”j d`j pqds` gß\
^lafonk eÍ ^Lrkouk lfgr dq`¥ 30
vuqPNsn gß\ ;g ^lafonk vUrjkZÆV_h; Ôi
ls Lohd`k;Z fl*kUrkÍ ,oa lHh txg ij
efg¥kvkÍ d`ks leku vf|d`kj `^nku d`jus
ds` mik;kÍ d`ks lHh nsækÍ }kjk oS|kfud` Ôi
ls Lohd~`fr ^kIr ,oa ck÷;rkiw.Z vfH¥s[
gß\
;g ^lafonk ,d` ,slk loZekU;
vfH¥s[ gS] tks%
● efg¥kvkÍ ds` fo:* fd`, tkus ok¥s
HsnHko d`ks lekIr d`jus ds` f¥,
ljd`kjkÍ ls d`kuwu cukus d`h vis”k
d`jrk gS\
● efg¥kvkÍ d`h oSokfgd` ^fLƒfr d`ks
ns[s fcuk lHh ”s(kÍ tSls%lkekftd`]
vkfƒZd`] lkaLd~`frd`] jktuhfrd` ,oa
ukxfjd` eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks leku vf|-
d`kj ^nku d`jus d`h eqfge p¥kuk\
● HsnHko d`ks iSnk d`jus ok¥s ;k cÈ<kok
nsus ok¥h lkekftd` ,oa lkaLd~`frd`
fLƒfr;kÍ d`ks ifjofrZr d`jus ds` f¥,
;kstuk,a ¥kxw d`juk\
● efg¥kvkÍ d`ks eq“; |kjk ls ckgj j[us
d`h ^o~f®;kÍ ij jksd` ¥xkuk\
● iq:"kÍ ,oa efg¥kvkÍ eÍ cjkcjh ¥kus
ds` f¥, Lƒk;h o vLƒk;h rkSj ij
mik; lq>kuk\
● efg¥kvkÍ ds` lHh ^d`kj ds` O;kikj
vkSj mud`h os';ko~f® ls æks". d`ks
lekIr d`jus ds` f¥, fof|-fuekZ.
lfgr lHh mi;qDr mik; d`juk\
efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`h tkx~fr gsrq efg¥kvkÍ gsrq laoS|kfud` ^ko|ku
fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u LorU(rk ds` ckn efg¥kvkÍ d`h lkekftd`] jktuhfrd` vkSj vkfƒZd` Ôi ls fod`kl
efg¥k d`Y;k. d`h Hkouk d`ks loksZifj ds` leku volj ^nku d`jus ds` f¥, lafo|ku eÍ dq`N foæs" O;oLƒk,a d`h xbZ gß\
ekurs gq, la;qDr jkÆV_ la? d`h ig¥ ls lafo|ku ds fofHUu vuqPNsnkÍ vkSj mueÍ fd`, x, efg¥kvkÍ gsrq ^ko|ku bl ^d`kj gß%
fo'o Lrj ij efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`h tkx~fr lafo|ku d`k
gsrq ,oa efg¥kvkÍ d`ks U;k; fn¥kus d`h fnæk efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, mi;ksxh ^ko|ku
vuqPNsn
eÍ fo'o efg¥k lEes¥ukÍ d`h æqÔvkr gqbZ\ vuqPNsn 14 jkT; fd`lh Hh O;fDr d`ks d`kuwu ds` le” lekurk ;k d`kuwu ds`
la;qDr jkÆV_ ds` rRoko|ku eÍ 1975–95 leku laj”. ls oafpr ugÓ d`jsxk pkgs og efg¥k gks ;k iq:"\
ds` o"ksÛ eÍ fo'o Lrj ij pkj fo'o efg¥k vuqPNsn 15(3) efg¥kvkÍ ,oa cPpkÍ d`ks dq`N foæs" lqfo|k ^nku d`h xbZ gS\
lEes¥ukÍ d`k vk;kstu fd`;k x;k] tks bl vuqPNsn 16 ¥ksd` lsokvkÍ eÍ fcuk HsnHko ds` volj d`h lekurk\
^d`kj gS% vuqPNsn 19 leku Ôi ls vfHO;fDr d`h LorU(rk\
1. ^ƒe fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u] 1975 ·eSfDld`ks‚ vuqPNsn 23-24 ukjh ∂`;-fo∂`; rƒk csxkj ^ƒk ij jksd`\
● o"Z 1975 d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h; efg¥k o"Z\ vuqPNsn 39 ·?‚ L(h-iq:" nksukÍ d`ks leku d`k;Z ds` f¥, leku osru d`h O;oLƒk d`h
xbZ gS\
● 1975–1985 næd` d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h;
vuqPNsn 42 efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, ^lwfr lgk;rk\
efg¥k næd`\ vuqPNsn 47 ¥ksd` LokLF; eÍ lq|kj d`juk ljd`kj d`k nkf;Ro\
● efg¥k d`Y;k. gsrq iapo"hZ; ;kstuk\ vuqPNsn 51 d` ·î‚ ^R;sd` ukxfjd` d`k d`rZO; gksxk fd` og ˙˙˙˙˙ ,slh ^ƒkvkÍ d`k R;kx
2. f}rh; fo'o efg¥k lEes ¥ u] 1980 d`js tks fL(;kÍ ds` lEeku ds` fo:* gS\
·d`ksisugsxu‚ vuqPNsn 243 ·?‚ iapk;rh jkt ,oa uxjh; laLƒkvkÍ eÍ 73oÍ 74oÍ laæks|u ds` ek÷;e ls
3. r~rh; fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u] 1985 ·uSjksch‚ ·u‚ efg¥kvkÍ gsrq vkj”. d`h O;oLƒk\
4. prqƒZ fo'o efg¥k lEes¥u] 1995 ·ch¯tx‚
efg¥kvkÍ ls lEcfU|r ^eq[ vf|fu;e
efg¥k,a ,oa fo'o ekuokf|d`kj Hkjrh; laln }kjk efg¥kvkÍ d`h fLƒfr lq|kjus ds` f¥, le;-le; ij vusd`
lEes¥u] fo;uk vf|fu;e ikfjr fd`, x,] ftueÍ ^eq[ bl ^d`kj gß%
la;qDr jkÆV_ }kjk ^k;ksftr vc rd`
d`k lcls cÈMk vUrjkZÆV_h; ekuokf|d`kj vf|fu;ekÍ d`k fooj. mˆs';/^ko|ku
lEes¥u ·ftleÍ 170 ls vf|d` nsækÍ] 850 ckxku Je vf|fu;e] 1951 efg¥k d`feZ;kÍ d`ks vius cPpkÍ d`ks nw| fi¥kus ds` f¥,
xSj-ljd`kjh laxBukÍ rƒk i;Zos”d`kÍ us vod`kæ fn;k tkuk\
fgLlk f¥;k‚ 25 twu] 1993 d`ks vkfLV_;k [ku vf|fu;e] 1952 Hwfexr [kukÍ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ ds` fu;kstu ij jksd` ¥xkuk\
d`h jkt|kuh fo;uk eÍ lEiUu gqvk\ foæs" fookg vf|fu;e] 1954 d`ksbZ efg¥k viuk |eZ cn¥s fcuk fd`lh Hh |eZ ds` O;fDr
lEes¥u eÍ mu lHh ekuokf|d`kjkÍ d`h ls fookg d`j ld`rh gS\
iquiqZfÆV d`h xbZ] tks 1948 ds` lkoZHkSfed` fgUnw m®jkf|d`kj vf|fu;e] bl vf|fu;e ds` }kjk efg¥kvkÍ d`ks iSr~d` lEif® eÍ
?ks".k-i( eÍ ækfe¥ gS\ lEes¥u ds` 1956 vf|d`kj fn;k x;k gS\
lekiu l( eÍ fo;uk ?ks".k ikfjr d`h xbZ\ vuSfrd` O;kikj fuokj. os';kx~g p¥kus ;k ifjlj d`ks os';kx~g ds` Ôi eÍ ^;qDr
blds` vUrxZr efg¥kvkÍ vkSj cPpkÍ ds` vf|fu;e] 1956 d`jus nsus ij n≥M d`h O;oLƒk\
ekuokf|d`kj lkoZHkSfed` ekuo vf|d`kjkÍ d`k ^lwfr ^lqfo|k vf|fu;e] d`k;Z fnol ds` 80 fnu iw.Z gksus ij efg¥k d`feZ;kÍ d`ks
,d` vfHUu vkSj vfoHkT; vax gS\ lEes¥u 1961 xHZikr gsrq vko';d` Ôi ls vod`kæ rƒk fpfd`Rlk d`h
eÍ ljd`kjkÍ] laLƒkvkÍ] vUrj-ljd`kjh vkSj O;oLƒk\
xSj-ljd`kjh laxBukÍ ls efg¥kvkÍ ds` Bsd`k Je vf|fu;e] 1970 efg¥k Jfed`kÍ ls ckxkukÍ eÍ ^kr# 6 cts ls lk;a 7 cts ds`
chp 9 ?≥Vs ds` ckn d`ke d`jkus ij ^frcU|\
ekuokf|d`kjkÍ d`h laj”. vkSj lao*Zu ds` leku ikfjJfed` vf|fu;e] leku d`k;Z ds` f¥, efg¥kvkÍ d`ks Hh iq:"kÍ ds` leku
^;klkÍ d`ks rst d`jus d`k vkÿku fd`;k x;k\ 1976 ikfjJfed` d`h O;oLƒk\
lEes¥u eÍ ,d` ubZ O;oLƒk viukrs gq, ck¥-fookg fu"s| vf|fu;e] lafo|ku }kjk fu|kZfjr d`e mez d`h ckf¥d`kvkÍ ds` fookg
efg¥kvkÍ ds` fo:* ¯glk ij fjiksVZ d`jus 1976 ij ^frcU|\
gsrq ,d` fjiksVZd`rkZ d`h fu;qfDr d`h xbZ\ vUrjkZfT;d` ^oklh d`eZd`kj dq`N foæs" fu;tuh eÍ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, v¥x ls
Hkjr eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks ^kIr vf|d`kj vf|fu;e] 1979 ækSpk¥; ,oa Luku?jkÍ d`h O;oLƒk d`juk\
efg¥kvkÍ ds` vf|d`kjkÍ d`h ^kfIr ds` os';ko~f® fuokj. vf|fu;e] efg¥kvkÍ d`ks vuSfrd` d`k;ksÛ eÍ nq:i;ksx d`jus ok¥kÍ ij
”s( eÍ Hkjr eÍ Hh ¥Ecs la?"Z d`h d`gkuh gS\ 1986 ^frcU|\
lfn;kÍ ls Hkjr eÍ inkZ ^ƒk] ngst ^ƒk] L(h vfæÆV fuÔi. fu"s| efg¥kvkÍ ds` v'¥h¥ ^næZu ij ^frcU| ¥xkuk\
lrh ^ƒk] vf|d`kj foghurk] :fÈ<okfnrk vf|fu;e] 1986
lekt d`k vax jgk ƒk] ijUrq mUuhloÓ ngst fu"s| vf|fu;e] 1986 fookg eÍ ngst ds` ¥su-nsu ij ^frcU| d`h O;oLƒk\
ærkCnh eÍ if'peh fæ”k ds` vkxeu ds` lrh fu"s| vf|fu;e] 1987 efg¥kvkÍ d`ks ifr d`h e~R;q ds` ckn lrh gksus ij ^frcU|\
œ`¥LoÔi efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`h ek∑x tksj 73ok∑ o 74ok∑ laæks|u efg¥kvkÍ d`ks f(Lrjh; iapk;rh o uxj ikf¥d`kvkÍ eÍ ,d`-
id`ÈMus ¥xh rƒk efg¥kvkÍ d`h fæ”k d`ks vf|fu;e] 1992 frgkbZ vkj”. d`h O;oLƒk\
cÈ<kok fn;k tkus ¥xk\ Hkjr eÍ 1915 ls ^lo iwoZ funku rd`uhd` xHkZoLƒk eÍ ckf¥d`k Hzw. d`h igpku d`jus ij jksd` ¥xkus
1927 ds` chp d`bZ efg¥k laxBukÍ d`h vf|fu;e] 1994 d`h O;oLƒk\
Lƒkiuk gqbZ rƒk Lora(rk ds` ckn ljd`kj ?js¥w ¯glk ls efg¥kvkÍ d`h ifr ;k lkƒ jgus ok¥s fd`lh Hh iq:" ;k mlds`
}kjk efg¥kvkÍ d`h fLƒfr d`ks lq|kjus ds` f¥, lqj”k gsrq vf|fu;e] 2005 lEcfU|;kÍ d`h ¯glk ;k ^rkÈMuk ls iRuh ;k lkƒ jg jgh
d`bZ laoS|kfud` o d`kuwuh d`ne mBk, x,\ fd`lh Hh efg¥k d`ks lqj”k ^nku d`juk\

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/704

Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk ds` vUrxZr efg¥k vf|d`kjkÍ d`h lqj”k gsrq O;oLƒk jkÆV_h; efg¥k vk;ksx
Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk efg¥k d`h lqj”k] leku xfjek ds` lkƒ jgus ds` f¥, ;fn jkÆV_h; efg¥k vk;ksx d`h Lƒkiuk 31
mlds` lkƒ d`ksbZ nqÆd`eZ d`jrk gS] rks Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk mls n≥M fn¥kus ds` f¥, tuojh] 1992 d`ks jkÆV_h; efg¥k vk;ksx
O;oLƒk d`jrh gS] tks bl ^d`kj gß% vf|fu;e] 1990 ds` }kjk nh xbZ\ vk;ksx eÍ
Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk |kjk vf|d`re ltk/n≥M ,d` v÷;” ,oa ik∑p lnL; vkSj ,d` lnL;
ngst e~R;q 304 ch vkthou d`kjkokl lfpo gksrk gS] ftud`h fu;qfDr ds`Unzh;
L(h d`h lEefr ds` fcuk xHZikr d`kfjr d`juk 313 vkthou d`kjkokl ljd`kj d`jrh gS\ v÷;” ,oa lnL;kÍ d`k
vkSjr d`h æk¥hurk Hax d`jus d`h eaæk ls tcnZLrh d`juk 354 2 o"Z d`k;Zd`k¥ rhu o"Z d`k gksrk gS\ orZeku eÍ
vigj.] Hxkuk ;k vkSjr d`ks æknh ds` f¥, etcwj d`juk 366 10 o"Z vk;ksx d`h v÷;”k Jherh fxjtk O;kl gß\
ukckf¥x ¥ÈMd`h d`ks d`Cts eÍ j[uk 366 , 10 o"Z jkÆV_h; efg¥k vk;ksx ds` ^eq[ d`k;Z
c¥kRd`kj 376 2 ls 10 o"Z/mez dS`n bl ^d`kj gß%
ig¥h iRuh ds` thfor gksrs gq, nwljh æknh d`juk 494 7 o"Z
·d`‚ efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, lafo|ku vkSj vU;
|ks[k|ÈMh ls æknh d`h jLe iwjh d`juk 496 7 o"Z
fof|;kÍ ds` v|hu micfU|r j”ksik;ks
ifr ;k mlds` fj'rsnkjkÍ }kjk vkSjr ij ∂w`jrk 498 , 3 o"Z
ls lEcfU|r lHh fo";kÍ d`k vUos".
efg¥k d`h æk¥hurk d`ks viekfur d`jus d`h eaæk ls 509 1 o"Z
viæCn d`guk ;k v'¥h¥ gjd`rÍ d`juk\
vkSj ijh”k d`juk«
·[‚ mu j”ksik;kÍ ds` d`k;Zd`j. ds` ckjs eÍ
efg¥kvkÍ ls lEcfU|r fod`kl ;kstuk,a ^fro"Z ds`Unzh; ljd`kj d`ks fjiksVZ
Hkjr ljd`kj }kjk efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, d`bZ fod`kl d`k;Z∂`e ,oa d`Y;k.d`kjh nsuk«
;kstukvkÍ d`k lapk¥u fd`;k tk jgk gS] rkfd` muds` thou Lrj eÍ lq|kj vk lds` vkSj ·x‚ ,slh fjiksVksÛ eÍ efg¥kvkÍ d`h næk
fod`kl d`k;ksÛ eÍ mud`h vf|d`-ls-vf|d` Hkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr gks lds`\ ljd`kj }kjk lq|kjus ds` f¥, la? ;k fd`lh jkT;
efg¥kvkÍ ls lEcfU|r p¥kbZ tk jgh ^eq[ ;kstuk,a bl ^d`kj gß% }kjk mBk, x, j”ksik;kÍ ds` ^Hkoh
∂`\la\ ;kstukvkÍ d`k uke o"Z ;kstukvkÍ d`k mˆs'; f∂`;kUo;u ds` f¥, flœ`kfjæ d`juk«
1. MΩokd`jk ;kstuk (DWCRA) 1982 xzkeh. efg¥kvkÍ d`ks Lojkstxkj ds` volj ·?‚ la f o|ku vkS j vU; fof|;kÍ ds `
mi¥C| d`jkrs gq, muds` LokLF;] fæ”k] micU|kÍ ds` efg¥kvkÍ ls lEcfU|r
iks"kgkj vkSj fææqvkÍ d`h ns[Hk¥ d`jus tSlh vfr∂`e. ds` eke¥kÍ d`ks leqfpr
ew¥Hwr lsok,a ^nku d`juk\ ^kf|d`kfj;kÍ ds` le” mBkuk«
2. ukSjkM ^fæ”. ;kstuk 1989 efg¥kvkÍ d`ks O;olk;kÍ tSls njh] d`k¥hu] C¥kWd` ·î‚ efg¥kvkÍ ds` fo:* foHsn vkSj
¯^¯Vx] fpd`u vkfn ls lEcfU|r ^fæ”. nsuk\ vR;kpkjkÍ ls lEcfU|r leL;kvkÍ
3. fd`æksjh ckf¥d`k ;kstuk 1992 xzkeh. xjhc ifjokjkÍ d`h ckf¥d`kvkÍ d`ks mfpr
LokLF; vkSj fæ”k d`h O;oLƒk d`juk\
d`k v÷;;u ;k vUos". d`juk vkSj
4. ekr~ ,oa fææq LokLF; 1992 fææqvkÍ vkSj ekrkvkÍ d`ks iks"kgkj mi¥C| ck|kvkÍ d`k irk ¥xkuk«
d`k;Z∂`e d`jkd`j lqjf”r ekr~Ro ,oa Vhd`kd`j. vkfn ·p‚ efg¥kvkÍ ds` lkekftd` vkfƒZd`
ds` ek÷;e ls fææq o e~R;q nj eÍ d`eh ¥kuk\ fod`kl d`h ;kstuk ^f∂`;k eÍ Hkx
5. efg¥k le~f* ;kstuk 1993 xzkeh. efg¥kvkÍ eÍ cpr d`h vknr Mk¥uk ¥suk«
vkSj mUgÍ læDr d`juk\ ·N‚ la? vkSj fd`lh jkT; ds` v|hu
6. jkÆV_h; efg¥k d`ks" d`h 1993 xjhch d`h js[k ls uhps ds` ifjokj d`h
;kstuk,a efg¥kvkÍ eÍ vkfƒZd`] lkekftd` ifjorZu ¥kus
efg¥kvkÍ ds` fod`kl d`h ^xfr d`k
(1) )`. ;kstuk ds` f¥, mRiknu ds` f¥, )`. lEcU|h lqfo|k,a ewY;kad`u d`juk«
(2) )`. ^ksRlkgu ;kstuk mi¥C| d`jkd`j mud`h vk; cÈ<kuk\ ·t‚ fd`lh ts¥] lq|kj x~g] efg¥kvkÍ d`h
(3) Lo lgk;rk lewg ;kstuk laLƒk ;k vfHj”k ds` vU; Lƒku
(4) foi.u fo® ;kstuk d`k tgk∑ efg¥kvkÍ d`ks cUnh ds` Ôi
7. jkÆV_h; ekr~Ro ¥kH ;kstuk 1994 xjhch js[k ls uhps d`h efg¥kvkÍ d`ks ^lwfr ds` eÍ j[k tkrk gS fujh”. d`juk ;k
f¥, vkfƒZd` lgk;rk ^nku d`juk\ d`jokuk vkSj d`k;Zokgh gsrq vko';d`
8. bafnjk efg¥k ;kstuk 1995 xzkeh. vkSj ægjh cLrh d`h efg¥kvkÍ d`ks gks] lEcfU|r ^kf|d`kfj;kÍ ls ckrphr
vkfƒZd` Ôi ls Loko¥Ecu ^nku d`juk\ d`juk«
9. xzkeh. efg¥k fod`kl ;kstuk 1996 xzkeh. efg¥kvkÍ d`h Hkxhnkjh eÍ o~f* d`juk
,oa mUgÍ tkxÔd` d`juk\ ·>‚ d`ksbZ vU; fo"; ftls ds`Unzh; ljd`kj
10. ckf¥d`k le~f* ;kstuk 1997 xjhch js[k ls uhps ds` ifjokjkÍ eÍ tUe ¥sus fufnZÆV d`js\
ok¥h ckf¥d`k d`h ek∑ d`ks ikSfÆVd` vkgkj] jkÆV_h; efg¥k vk;ksx ds` v¥kok d`bZ
ckf¥d`k d`h fæ”k gsrq lgk;rk ^nku d`juk\
11. efg¥k LoæfDr ;kstuk 1998 efg¥kvkÍ d`ks Lo;a lgk;rk lewgkÍ ds` ek÷;e jkT;kÍ eÍ Hh efg¥k vk;ksx d`k xBu gks
ls vkfƒZd` o lkekftd` Ôi ls læDr cukuk\ pqd`k gS\ blds` v¥kok ljd`kj }kjk
12. L(h æfDr iqjLd`kj ;kstuk 2000 efg¥kvkÍ ds` vf|d`kjkÍ ds` f¥, la?"Z d`jus efg¥kvkÍ ds` læfDrd`j. gsrq jkÆV_h; uhfr
ok¥h efg¥kvkÍ d`ks jkÆV_h; iqjLd`kjkÍ ls ds` Ôi eÍ ‘efg¥k læfDrd`j. uhfr%
lEekfur d`j ^ksRlkgu nsuk\ ;g iqjLd`kj 2001’ cukbZ xbZ gS] tks efg¥kvkÍ ds`
fo“;kr ik∑p efg¥kvkÍ%nsoh vfgY;kckbZ] jkuh
¥{ehckbZ] thtkckbZ] jkuh xSnsUY;w tsf¥;kax pgqeq[h fod`kl d`k ekxZ ^æLr d`jrh gS\
vkSj d`ukxh ds` uke ls fn;k tkrk gS\ æs" i~ÆB 719 ij
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/705
 dS`fj;j ¥s[
,e\ch\,\ # ,d` ^frfÆBr isæk
vLlh ds` næd` rd` fæ”k txrΩ eÍ
‘foKku lad`k;’ d`h i~ÆBHwfe ok¥s fo»kƒhZ
d`ks lokZf|d` lEekutud` n~fÆV ls ns[k
tkrk ƒk vkSj ml le; ^R;sd` ekrk–firk
vius cPps d`ks MkWDVj ;k bathfu;j cukus
ds` f¥, ^;Ruæh¥ jgrk ƒk\ fd`Urq uCcs ds`
næd` ls ^kjEH gq, oS'ohd`j. ds` nkSj eÍ
‘^cU| fo";’ d`h vksj lHh d`k :>ku
fujUrj cÈ<rk tk jgk gS\
le; p∂` ds` ifjofrZr ifjosæ eÍ
tSls–tSls fuxe laLÎ`fr (Corporate Cul-
ture) d`k ^Hko cÈ<rk tk jgk gS] oSls–oSls
^cU| vkSj blls lEc* fofæÆV ikBΩ;∂`ekÍ
d`h ¥ksd`f^;rk vuojrΩ Ôi ls cÈ<rh tk
jgh gS\ bu ikBΩ;∂`ekÍ eÍ ,e\ ch\ ,\ vƒkZrΩ
(Master of Business Administration–
MBA) vkSj blds` led`” ekU;rk ^kIr
ikBΩ;∂`ekÍ ;ƒk% ,e\ ,e\ ,l\] ,e\ vkbZ\
ch\ ,e\] ih\ th\ ih\ ,e\] ,e\ Vh\ ,e\]
,e\ lh\ ,e\ vkfn eÍ nkf[¥k ¥sus ds` f¥,
fo»kfƒZ;kÍ d`k gqtwe meÈM jgk gS] ogÓ
nwljh vksj bu ikBΩ;∂`ekÍ d`ks ifjiw.Z d`j
vkSipkfjd` fMxzh gkfl¥ d`jus ok¥s
fo»kfƒZ;kÍ d`h ek∑x fujUrj cÈ<rh tk jgh gS\
O;kolkf;d` fl*kUrkÍ vkSj ^cU|d`h;
d`kSæ¥ ij vk|kfjr ,e\ch\,\ d`h fMxzh
tgk∑ ,d` vksj fo»kƒhZ d`ks oS;fâ`d` O;olk;
vkSj Lojkstxkj ds` f¥, mR^sfjr d`jrh gS]
ogÓ nwljh vksj ljd`kjh ;k futh ;k xSj
¥kHd`kjh laxBukÍ d`h ^cU|u leL;kvkÍ
d`k oSKkfud` o Rofjr lek|ku [kstus ds`
¥k;d` Hh cukrh gS\ Lukrd`ks®j Lrj ds`
ikBΩ;∂`ekÍ eÍ lokZf|d` ^frÆBk ^kIr d`jus
ok¥k ,e\ ch\ ,\ d`k ikBΩ;∂`e fo»kfƒZ;kÍ
d`ks ¥{;kÍ vkSj mi¥fC|;kÍ ds` ^fr lexz
vkSj O;ofLƒr n~fÆVd`ks. ^nku d`jus ds`
lkƒ–lkƒ mueÍ vkRe–lEiUurk (Self
Enrichment) d`k ekSf¥d` vk|kj Hh l~ftr
d`jrk gS\
vk|qfud` ^cU| fæ”. laLƒkuÍ ,e\
ch\ ,\ vkSj blds` led`” ikBΩ;∂`ekÍ eÍ
fofæfÆVd`j. ij vk|kfjr d`kslsZt ,oa isilZ
ij T;knk ÷;ku ds`fUnzr d`j jgh gß]
œ`¥LoÔi ,d` v˙;ƒhZ viuh vfH:fp vkSj
;ksX;rk ds` vuqlkj foi.u ^cU|] fo®h;
^cU|] ekuo lalk|u ^cU|] lkexzh ^cU|]
∂`; ;k fo∂`; ;k mRiknu ^cU|] d`k;kZ¥;
^cU| vkfn eÍ ^osæ ¥sd`j isæsoj d`kSæ¥
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/706
 MkW\ vks\ ih\ æekZ
eÍ vfHo~f* d`j ld`rk gS\ vktd`¥ mi;qZDr
f∂`;kRed` ^cU| fo";kÍ d`ks m»ksx foæs"
ds` lkƒ tksÈMd`j vfr fofæfÆVd`j. ij
vk|kfjr ikBΩ;∂`ekÍ d`k ^p¥u Hh fujUrj
cÈ<rk tk jgk gS tSls%ekcZ¥ m»ksx eÍ lkexzh
^cU|u vƒok isV_ksf¥;e m»ksx eÍ foi.u
^cU|u vkfn\ m»ksx foæs" d`h fofæÆV
leL;kvkÍ vkSj pqukSfr;kÍ d`k lE;d` lek|ku
[kstus ok¥s fofæÆV vkSj isæsoj ^cU|d`kÍ
d`h ek∑x Hh fujUrj cÈ<rh tk jgh gS\
vkfƒZd` foI¥o ls (Lr Hkjr tSls
vusd` fod`klksUeq[h jkÆV_kÍ eÍ ^fæf”r
isæsoj ^cU|d`kÍ d`h cÈ<rh gqbZ vuojr ek∑x
d`ks ns[rs gq, ;g d`gk tk ld`rk gS fd`
v÷;;uæh¥] ifjJeh vkSj egRokd`ka”h
fo»kƒhZ ^cU| fo"; d`h lq^frfÆBr Lukr-
d`ks®j fMxzh vƒkZrΩ ,e\ch\,\ d`h fMxzh
gkfl¥ d`jus d`k fu.Z; ¥s ld`rs gß rƒk
m®e dS`fj;j d`h æqÔvkr d`jds` vius
HfoÆ; d`ks mTTo¥ o lqugjk cuk ld`rs
gß\
^osæ ^f∂`;k
vkt nqfu;k Hj ds` fctusl Ldw`¥kÍ
rƒk ^cU| ^fæ”. laLƒkukÍ }kjk ,e\ ch\ ,\
d`k ikBΩ;∂`e fofo| LoÔikÍ ;ƒk% f}o"hZ;
,e\ch\,\] ,d`o"hZ; ,e\ch\,\] vkWu ¥kbu
o nwjLƒ fæ”k% ,e\ch\,\] bZ%,e\ch\,\
vkfn eÍ lapkf¥r fd`;k tkrk gS\ bueÍ
^osæ ekin≥M Hh fHUu–fHUu gksrs gß] d`ksbZ
laLƒk jkÆV_ ;k jkT;Lrjh; ^osæ ijh”k d`h
esfjV ds` vk|kj ij ^osæ nsrh gS\ ogÓ
nwljh vksj vusd` laLƒku viuh ^frÆBk
d`ks d`k;e cuk, j[us ds` mˆs'; ls Lo;a
}kjk vk;ksftr ijh”k eÍ m®h.Z fo»kfƒZ;kÍ
d`ks gh ^osæ nsrh gß\
Hkjr eÍ ,e\ch\,\ d`k ^fæ”. ^nku
d`jus ok¥s lHh laLƒkukÍ d`ks nks oxksÛ eÍ
foHkftr fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\ ^ƒe oxZ eÍ
nsæ d`h lkr æh"Z ^cU| laLƒku gß tks
vgenkckn] cßx¥qÔ] d`ks¥d`krk] ¥[u˜]
d`ksf>d`ksM ·d`kf¥d`V‚] bUnkSj vkSj fæ¥kax
eÍ fLƒr gß\ bu laLƒkukÍ d`ks Hkjrh;
^cU| laLƒkukÍ vƒkZrΩ Indian Institutes
of Management–IIM’s ds ` uke ls
iqd`kjk tkrk gS\ lEiw.Z fo'o eÍ viuh
fofæÆV igpku j[us ok¥h bu Hkjrh;
^cU| laLƒkukÍ ds` }kjk nks–o"hZ; iw.Zd`kf¥d`
^cU| d`k;Z∂`e d`k ^fæ”. fn;k tkrk gS
ftls PGPM–Post Graduate Pro-
gramme in Management ds` uke ls
iqd`kjk tkrk gS\ oSf'od` ^cU| txrΩ eÍ
mPp xq.o®k ds` lkƒ ¥ksd`f^;rk ds` ^fr-
eku js[kafd`r d`jus ok¥s bl ikBΩ;∂`e d`ks
Hkjrh; fo'ofo»k¥;kÍ }kjk ^nku d`h tkus
ok¥h ,e\ ch\ ,\ d`h fMxzh ds` led`” ekU;rk
^kIr gS\
nsæ d`h lHh vkbZ\ vkbZ\ ,elΩ ds` }kjk
ih\ th\ ih\ ,e\ eÍ ^osæ nsus ds` f¥, ‘dS`V’
(Common Admission Test–CAT)
uked` ^osæ ijh”k d`k vk;kstu fd`;k tkrk
gS\ ftleÍ Lukrd` fMxzh|kjd` cSB ld`rk gS\
rRi'pkrΩ v˙;ƒhZ d`ks lewg–ifjppkZ vkSj
O;fâ`xr lk”kRd`kj ds` f¥, vkefU(r fd`;k
tkrk gS vkSj dq`¥ esfjV ds` vk|kj ij ^osæ
fn;k tkrk gS\ ^R;sd` o"Z tq¥kbZ ls ^kjEH
gksus ok¥s uohu l(Ω ds` f¥, dS`V d`h ijh”k
foxr o"Z ds` uoEcj ekg eÍ gh vk;ksftr
d`j ¥h tkrh gS\ mY¥s[uh; gS fd` nsæ d`h
vU; vusd` ^cU|d`h; ^fæ”. laLƒkukÍ
}kjk ^osæ nsus ds` f¥, dS`V eÍ vftZr esfjV
Ld`ksj d`ks gh vk|kj ekuk tkrk gS\
dS`V ^osæ ijh”k eÍ Verbal Ability
and Reading Comprehension; Prob-
lem Solving and Quantitative Apti-
tude; Data Interpretation and Data
Sufficiency vkfn ls lEcfU|r ^'u iwNs
tkrs gß\
gk¥ gh eÍ nsæ d`h lkrkÍ vkbZ\ vkbZ\
,elΩ }kjk tkjh foKfIr ds` vuqlkj uoEcj
2009 eÍ vk;ksT; ‘dS`V’ ijh”k vc vkWu-
¥kbu <ax ls vk;ksftr d`h tk,xh] ftl
Computer Based Test–CBT ds` uke ls
iqd`kjk tkrk gS\ 10 fnu ds` f¥, nsæ ds` 25
ægjkÍ eÍ vk;ksT; ‘vkWu ¥kbu–dSS`V’ eÍ
rhu ¥k[ ls vf|d` fo»kfƒZ;kÍ ds` cSBus
d`h lEHkouk gS\
f}rh; oxZ eÍ mu ^fæ”. laLƒkukÍ]
fo'ofo»k¥;kÍ] d`kW¥stkÍ d`ks lfEef¥r fd`;k
tkrk gS tks ^osæ gs r q ;k rks Lo;a d`h
ijh”k d`k vk;kstu d`jrh gß vƒok All
India Management Aptitude Testing
Service–AIMATS }kjk vk;ksftr ‘esV’
(Management Aptitude Test–MAT) eÍ
vftZr ^kIrkad`kÍ ds` vk|kj ij ^osæ nsrh gß\
bl ijh”k d`k vk;kstu jkÆV_h; Lrj ds`
lkƒ–lkƒ jkT; Lrj ij Hh fd`;k tkrk gS\
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flrEcj vkSj fnlEcj eÍ vk;ksftr d`h tkrh
gS] ftleÍ Data Analysis; Maths; Data
Sufficiency; Intelligence and Critical
Reasoning; Language Comprehen-
sion; Indian and Global Environment
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fd`Urq bl ”s( eÍ uohu ;qx d`k v˙;qn;
ml le; gqvk tc uCcs ds` næd` eÍ ,¥\
ih\ th\ vo|kj.k (Liberalisation, Pri-
vatisation and Globlization Concept)
ij vk|kfjr oSf'od` ¥gj d`k vuqlj.
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O;kikj] chek] ifjogu] c߯d`x vkfn ”s(
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n~fÆVxr j[rs gq, fuf'pr Ôi ls ;g
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,d` ^cU| fopkjd` ds` erkuqlkj vkt
gekjs nsæ eÍ fod`kl tÔjrkÍ d`ks iwjk d`jus
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/707
ds` f¥, ^fro"Z d`jhc ,d` ¥k[ ^fæf”r ijh”k d`k ekg%February, May, September
^cU|d`kÍ d`h tÔjr gS] tcfd` nsæ eÍ and December
^fro"Z ds`o¥ 40 gtkj ^cU|d` gh rS;kj ^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%
gksrs gß\ vr# LiÆV gS fd` vkus ok¥s le; ☛ Data Analysis and Data Sufficiency
eÍ ^fæf”r ^cU|d`kÍ d`h ek∑x vkSj cÈ<sxh\ ☛ Mathematics
orZeku ^frLi|kZRed` ifjosæ eÍ viuk ☛ Intelligence and Critical Reasoning
cktkj fgLlk cÈ<kus] ^frÆBk eÍ vfHo~f* ☛ Language Comprehension
d`jus rƒk m®jthfork d`ks d`k;e j[us ds ` ☛ Indian and Global Environment
f¥, cgqjkÆV_h; d`Eifu;kÍ] vkS»ksfxd` lewgkÍ] osclkbV%www.aima-ind.org
okf.fT;d` o fo®h; laLƒkukÍ] chek d`Eifu;kÍ XAT (XLRI Aptitude Test)
vkfn ds` }kjk ^fæf”r o n” ^cU|d`kÍ d`ks
vR;Ur gh vkd`"Zd` ikfjJfed` fn;k tkrk laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrh
gS\ ^frfÆBr fæ”. laLƒkukÍ ls ,e\ch\,\ gS%Xavier Labour Research Institute,
Jamshedpur
o blds` led`” fMxzh ¥sus ok¥s v˙;ƒhZ
okafNr okf"Zd` iSds`t ¥sus eÍ lœ`¥ gks jgs gß\ ijh”k d`k ekg%January
^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%
nwljh vksj lk|kj. fo'ofo»k¥; ;k d`kW¥st
ls ,e\ ch\ ,\ d`jus ok¥s v˙;fƒZ;kÍ d`ks ☛ Quantitative Ability and Reasoning
eanhd`k¥ ds` mijkUr Hh 3 ls 4 ¥k[ :\ ☛ Decision Making
d`k okf"Zd` iSds`t fe¥ jgk gS\ rRi'pkrΩ ☛ Verbal Ability and Reading
vuqHo vkSj ;ksX;rk eÍ vfHo~f* gksus ij Comprehension
mPp inkÍ ij ^eksæu gks tkrk gS rƒk ☛ Essay Writing
ikfjJfed` o lk|u–lqfo|k,a cÈ< tkrh gß\ osclkbV%www.xlri.edu.
xkSjr¥c rF; ;g Hh gS fd` tks fo»kƒhZ CET (Common Entrance Test)
,e\ ch\ ,\ ;k led`” Lukrd`ks®j ikBΩ;- laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrh
∂`e ds` ek÷;e ls ^cU| fæ”k vftZr d`jus gS%Institutions of Maharashtra
d`h vfH¥k"k j[rs gß mUgÍ dS`V ;k eSV ;k ijh”k d`k ekg%February
vU; ^os æ ijh”k d`h lEiw.Z tkud`kjh
^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%
d`jrss gq, ijh”k iSVuZ vkSj p;u ^f∂`;k ls ☛ Verbal Ability and Verbal Reasoning
lEcfU|r ^R;sd` Hkx d`h ifjiw.Z rS;kjh ☛ Reading Comprehension
d`juh pkfg,] rkfd` mUgÍ m®e ^fæ”. ☛ Problem Solving and Data Inter-
laLƒku eÍ nkf[¥k fe¥ lds`\ ^frfÆBr pretation
laLƒku ls fæ”k ^kIr d`jds` os u ds`o¥ ☛ Logical Reasoning & Visual
vkfƒZd` n~fÆV ls cfYd` lkekftd` lEeku Reasoning
d`h n~fÆV ls Hh mPp ^cU|d` ;k vf|æklh osclkbV%www.dte.org.in/mba
vf|d`kjh cu ld`rs gß vkSj vius m®e FMS (Test for Faculty Management
dS`fj;j d`k liuk lkd`kj d`j ld`rs gß\ Studies)
,e\ch\,\ vkSj led`” ikBΩ;∂`ekÍ laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrh
gS%Delhi University
d`h ^eq[ ^osæ ijh”k,a ,d` utj eÍ
ijh”k d`k ekg%January
CAT (Common Admission Test) ^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%
laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrh ☛ Verbal
Ability and Reading
Comprehension
gS%lHh Hkjrh; ^cU| laLƒkuÍ [IIMs] ☛ Logical Reasoning
ijh”k d`k ekg%November ☛ Quantitative Aptitude and Data
^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";% Interpretation
☛ Verbal Ability and Reading Com- osclkbV%www.fms.edu
prehension
☛ Problem Solving and Quantitative SNAP (Symbosis National Aptitude
Aptitude Test)
☛ Data Interpretation and Data Suffi- laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrh
ciency gS%P.G. Institutions of Symbosis Univer-
osclkbV%www.catiim.in sity : SIBM, SICSR, SIMS, SCMHRD,
SIG etc.
MAT (Management Aptitude Test) ijh”k d`k ekg%December
laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrh ^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%
gS%All India Management Aptitude ☛ General English
Testing Serivce [AIMATS] æs" i~ÆB 723 ij
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m[kÈM œÍ`d`us d`k lkƒZd` ^;kl vHh rd`
ugÓ fd`;k x;k gS] ftlls ;g vkUrfjd`
lqj”k lEcU|h pqukSrh mRiUu gqbZ gS\
ftu d`kj.kÍ ls nsæ eÍ uDl¥okn d`ks
cÈ<kok fe¥k] nqHkZX; ls os lHh vkt Hh
ekStwn gß\ lekt eÍ O;kIr oxZHsn ds` lkƒ
xjhch ,oa csjkstxkjh Hh ,d` ^eq[ d`kj. gS\
Hwfe lq|kj d`k;Z∂`ekÍ ij bZekunkjh ls ve¥
ugÓ fd`;k x;k\ vkfnokfl;kÍ ds` lkƒ vPNk
O;ogkj ugÓ gks jgk gS\ uDl¥okn vkt bl
d`kj. ftUnk gS D;kÍfd` gekjs lekt eÍ
vlUrks" ,oa fo”ksH ds` d`kj. ckd`k;nk
cus gq, gß\ tc rd` Hw[] mRihÈMu] ncko]
ngær] ihÈMk ,oa jkstxkj oafpr vkcknh
jgsxh\ rc rd` vlarks" vkSj vjktd`rk
,sls vkUnks¥ukÍ d`ks tUe nsrh jgsxh\
tgk∑ rd` uDl¥oknh xqVkÍ d`h ^Î`fr
d`k ^'u gS] rks u rks os v¥xkooknh gß] u
gh vkrad`oknh gß vkSj u gh mUgÍ lgh Ôi
eÍ mxzokfn;kÍ d`h Js.h eÍ j[k tk ld`rk
gS\ mud`k fo'okl vo'; gh ¥ksd`rkaf(d`
O;oLƒk eÍ ugÓ gS\ ?ksf"r rkSj ij os ∂`kfUr
d`jus fud`¥s gß] ¥sfd`u os Lo;a bl lok¥ d`k
tokc ugÓ ns ld`rs fd` dq`N funksZ" ¥ksxkÍ
d`h gR;k d`jds` os ¥ksx d`kSulh ∂`kfUr d`j
¥Íxs\ uDl¥okfn;kÍ d`h utj eÍ mud`k og
gj O;fâ` nq'eu gS tks orZeku ¥ksd`rkaf(d`
O;oLƒk eÍ fo'okl j[rs gß]
ds`Unz ljd`kj us uDl¥ leL;k d`ks
vkUrfjd` lqj”k ds` f¥, lcls cÈMh pqukSrh
ekuk gS\ ljd`kj bl d`kuwu O;oLƒk ds`
lkƒ–lkƒ lkekftd`–vkfƒZd` fiNÈMsiu ls
tqÈMh leL;k ekurh gS\ blf¥, nksukÍ LrjkÍ
ij leL;k ls fuiVus ds` ^;kl d`jus gkÍxs
vƒkZrΩ ,d` vkSj uDl¥oknh ¯glk ls
n~È<rkiwoZd` fuiVus d`h j.uhfr] rks nwljh
vksj fod`klkRed` ig¥qvkÍ ij laosnuæh¥
n~fÆVd`ks. viukuk gksxk\ lYok tqMqe
·uDl¥ fojks|h ^fr∂`kfUr‚ N®hlxÈ< ds`
cLrj lEHkx eÍ ^Hkoh vkfnokfl;kÍ ds`
f¥, ?j okilh d`k ljd`kjh vfH;ku gS]
bls vkSj ^Hkoh cukd`j N®hlxÈ< ds`
vU; uDl¥ ^Hkfor HkxkÍ eÍ p¥kuk gksxk
vkSj ftld`h lœ`¥rk vU; jkT;kÍ d`ks Hh
ld`kjkRed` Ôi ls ^Hkfor d`jsxh\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/709
uDl¥h leL;k ew¥r# lkekftd`–
vkfƒZd` vYi fod`kl] æks". vkSj mRihÈMu
ls tqÈMh leL;k gS] blf¥, cUnwd` vkSj
lSfud`kÍ ds` c¥ ij bld`k lek|ku lEHo
u gksxk\ blds` f¥, fod`kl ds` ¥kH vkSj
U;k; d`ks fup¥s Lrj rd` igq∑pkuk gksxk\
jkT; ljd`kjkÍ d`ks Hwfe lq|kj d`k;Z∂`ekÍ d`ks
rsth ls ¥kxw d`juk gksxk\ jkÆV_h; tutkrh;
uhfr eÍ vkfnokfl;kÍ ds` vf|d`kjkÍ d`h
leqfpr O;oLƒk d`jus ds` lkƒ fiNÈMs rƒk
nwjnjkt ds` b¥kd`kÍ eÍ ;qok oxZ d`ks
jkstxkj eqgS;k d`jkuk gksxk\ lE^fr ljd`kj
us mâ` leL;k ls fuiVus ds` f¥, ,d`
O;kid` pkSng lw(h; ;kstuk rS;kj d`h gS\
bu lcd`ks lgh ld`kjkRed` næk–fnæk fe¥s
blds` f¥, ljd`kj d`ks ckrphr d`h vPNh
ig¥ d`juh gksxh lkƒ gh ekvksokfn;kÍ d`ks
ig¥s gfƒ;kjkÍ d`k leiZ. d`jus ds` f¥,
jkth d`juk gksxk\ ljd`kj us ;fn lPps
eu ls mi;qZâ` rF;kÍ ij ld`kjkRed`
n~fÆVd`ks. viukuk vkjEH fd`;k rks
uDl¥h okLro eÍ ¥ksd`rkaf(d` O;oLƒk eÍ
ækfe¥ gks ld`rs gß\
Hkjr eÍ fiN¥s ,d` næd` ls uDl¥h
¯glk eÍ vf|d` o~f* gqbZ gS\ o"Z 2008 eÍ
uDl¥ ^Hkfor jkT;kÍ eÍ 1591 ?Vuk,a
uDl¥h ¯glk d`h ntZ gqbÛ\ bu ?VukvkÍ eÍ
490 ukxfjd` ekjs x, vkSj 231 lqj”kd`ehZ
æghn gq,\ bu vk∑d`ÈMkÍ eÍ ds`o¥ N®hlxÈ<
eÍ 620 ?Vuk,a gqbÛ] ftueÍ 157 ukxfjd`
vkSj 85 lqj”k d`ehZ ekjs x,\ uDlf¥;kÍ d`h
ckÔnh lqjaxkÍ us ftruh tkuÍ N®hlxÈ< jkT;
eÍ ¥h gß] mruh vkSj d`gÓ ugÓ\
N®hlxÈ< ds` cLrj o ljxqtk ds`
lkƒ vU; uDl¥ ^Hkfor ”s(kÍ eÍ fo|ku
lHk;h o lalnh; pquko lEiUu d`jkuk
lcls d`fBu gS\ ;gk∑ iqf¥l d`feZ;kÍ ls
¥sd`j jktusrk rd` lHh lnSo uDlf¥;kÍ
ds` fuækus ij jgrs gß\ ^Hkfor b¥kd`kÍ eÍ
ljd`kj H¥s gh H;eqâ` ernku d`h vih¥
d`jrh jgs] ernkrkvkÍ d`ks uDlf¥;kÍ ds`
bækjs d`k gh bartkj jgrk gS\ cfgÆd`kj d`h
?ks".k gqbZ rks cfgÆd`kj gh gksxk\ pquko
cfgÆd`kj d`h ?ks".k d`h vkÈM eÍ os dq`N
mEehnokjkÍ d`k leƒZu d`jrs gß\ usrkvkÍ
vkSj uDlf¥;kÍ d`h lk∑B–xk∑B d`h [cjÍ
vc ubZ ugÓ jg xbZ gß\ id`ÈMs x, uDl¥h
d`ek≥MjkÍ us bld`k [q¥klk fd`;k gS\
N®hlxÈ< d`k iqf¥l <k∑pk cgqr
d`etksj gS\ jkÆV_h; vkSlr ^fr 100 oxZ
fd`eh ij 54 iqf¥l d`feZ;kÍ d`k gS] ¥sfd`u
jkT; d`k Lrj blls cgqr uhps gS\ nwjnjkt
ds` ƒkus Vs¥hœ`ksu ls ugÓ tqÈMs gß\ lE^fr
lqj”k <k∑ps ls tqÈMs lok¥ vHh Hh
vuq®fjr gß] ogÓ lEHkfor lek|ku ds`
Ôi eÍ d`kuwu d`k lgkjk f¥;k tk jgk gS\
ukxfjd` vf|d`kj laxBu blls vlger
gß] muds` fopkj eÍ N®hlxÈ< tu lqj”k
vf|fu;e] 2006 [kfe;kÍ ls Hjk gqvk gS\
^|kuea(h us eq“;eaf(;kÍ ls d`gk gS fd` os
eke¥s d`ks xEHhjrk ls ¥Í\ ;g Hh d`gk fd`
∏geÍ lHh mi¥C| lk|ukÍ ls uDl¥oknh
c¥kÍ d`h jhÈ< rksÈMus d`h tÔjr gS\π ogÓ
x~ g ea ( k¥; mxz o kn cÈ < us ds ` d`kj.
‘^æklfud` vkSj jktuhfrd` laLƒkvkÍ d`h
vi;kZIrrk ekurk gS\ dq`¥ fe¥kd`j ljd`kj
ds` f¥, ckrphr gh ,d` vPNh ig¥ gks
ld`rh gS\ gk¥kafd` ljd`kjh vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds`
eqrkfcd` uDl¥ ^Hkfor ”s(kÍ ds` nk;js eÍ
dq`N d`eh vkbZ gS] bl ij larks" tkfgj
d`jrs gq, ds`Unzh; x~g lfpo us d`gk fd`
fod`kl ij ÷;ku fn, tkus ls jkT;kÍ d`ks
bl cqjkbZ d`ks fu;af(r d`jus eÍ enn
fe¥sxh\ mUgkÍus d`gk fd` ftu jkT;kÍ eÍ
vkS»ksxhd`j. ds` d`kj. ¥ksxkÍ d`ks foLƒkfir
gksuk iÈM jgk gS] ogk∑ iquokZl d`h csgrj
uhfr;k∑ cukbZ tkuh pkfg,\ mUgkÍus d`gk fd`
ljd`kj d`k n~fÆVd`ks. ;g gS fd` okeiaƒh
mxzokfn;kÍ d`ks lkekftd` eq“;|kjk eÍ ¥k;k
tk,\ 2007 eÍ 11 jkT;kÍ ds` 510 ls T;knk
ƒkuk ”s( uDl¥ ^Hkfor ekus x, ƒs]
orZeku eÍ flœZ` 400 ƒkuk ”s( gh uDl¥
^Hkfor ekus tk jgs gß\ ljd`kj us d`gk
fd` vxj uDl¥oknh gfƒ;kj Mk¥s nÍ rks
ljd`kj muds` lkƒ ckrphr d`ks rS;kj gS\
mUgkÍus lHh ^Hkfor jkT;kÍ ls vkU|z ^nsæ
d`h rjg ∏vkRe leiZ. uhfrπ rS;kj d`jus
d`ks d`gk\
ljd`kj vkSj O;oLƒk fojks|h ¯gld`
tuk∂`ksæ ds` ihNs igpku d`k lad`V vkSj
vkRe lEeku d`k ^'u Hh ækfe¥ gS\ bl
n~fÆVd`ks. ls lHh jkT; ljd`kjkÍ d`ks
lkekftd` ,oa vkfƒZd` ifjorZu d`h ^f∂`;k
eÍ vYila“;d`kÍ d`h leqfpr Hkxhnkjh
lqfuf'pr d`jus eÍ O;fâ`xr Ôi ls ÷;ku
nsuk pkfg,\ ljd`kjh ,tÍfl;kÍ] foæs"d`j
d`kuwu ¥kxw d`jkus ok¥h ,tÍfl;kÍ d`ks
leqnk; ds` usrkvkÍ ds` lkƒ vkReh; lEcU|
j[us pkfg, vkSj mud`h ¯prkvkÍ ij
leqfpr laosnuæh¥rk fn[kuh pkfg,\
uDl¥oknh leL;k vkt vds`¥s N®hlxÈÈ<
jkT; d`h leL;k ugÓ gS] cfYd` blus d`bZ
Hkjrh; jkT;kÍ d`h ,d` lkef;d` vkUrfjd`
lqj”k leL;k d`k Ôi vf“r;kj d`j f¥;k
gS\ blf¥, vko';d`rk bl ckr d`h gS fd`
bls orZeku d`h vge leL;k ds` Ôi eÍ
ns[k tk, vkSj uklwj cu pqds` bl jksx
d`k u, fljs ls lHh jkT;kÍ ds` nwjnæhZ
lefUor lg;ksx ls b¥kt fd`;k tk,\
lE^fr nwjnæhZ mik;kÍ ls uDl¥h fopkj|kjk
d`ks œS`¥us ls jksd`k tk ld`rk gS vkSj mxzokn
d`k Lƒk;h lek|ku fud`¥ ld`rk gS\

N®hlxÈ< jkT;
1 uoEcj] 2000 d`ks xfBr N®hlxÈ<
jkT; ew¥r# ,d` xzkeh. jkT; gS] ;gk∑
tula“;k d`k forj. vleku gS\ jkT; d`h
79·90% tula“;k jkT; ds` xk∑okÍ eÍ fuokl
d`jrh gS\ jkT; ds` vkfnoklh ft¥kÍ% ljxqtk]
cLrj rƒk jk;xÈ< eÍ xzkeh. tula“;k
vf|d` gS\ jkT; d`h 20·09% tula“;k
uxjkÍ eÍ fuokl d`jrh gS\ ¯¥xkuqikr d`h
n~fÆV ls ;gk∑ d`h tula“;k eÍ efg¥kvkÍ rƒk
iq:"kÍ d`h la“;k cjkcj–cjkcj gS\ N®hlxÈ<
jkT; d`h tula“;k d`k ¥xHx ,d` frgkbZ
Hkx vuqlwfpr tutkfr d`h tula“;k d`k
gS] ftlds` vk|kj ij N®hlxÈ< d`ks ,d`
tutkfr cgq¥ jkT;’ d`gk tkrk gS\ jkT;
eÍ fuokljr 43 vuqlwfpr tutkfr;kÍ eÍ
^eq[ tutkfr ‘xkÍM’ gS\ fiNÈMh tkfr;kÍ ds`
N# foæs" lewg vfHd`j. gß\ fiNÈMh tkfr
ds` v¥kok vuqlwfpr tkfr;kÍ] tutkfr;kÍ eÍ
fuj”jrk] vkfƒZd` fiNÈMkiu] jgu–lgu d`h
d`etksj fLƒfr] csjkstxkjh ,oa vLi~';rk
tSlh vusd` leL;k,∑ fo»eku gß\ o"Z 2001
d`h tux.ukuq l kj N®hlxÈ< jkT; d`h
lk”jrk nj 64·7% gS] ftueÍ iq:" lk”jrk
nj 77·4% rƒk efg¥k lk”jrk nj 51·9%
gS\ jkT; ds` vusd` ,sls ft¥s gß\ tgk∑ d`h
lk”jrk nj nsæ d`h lk”jrk nj ls d`e gS\
d`dZ` js[k ij fLƒr gksus ds` d`kj. ;g xeZ
^nsæ gS rƒk o"kZ d`h ^Î`fr mÆ. d`fVca|h;
ekulwuh gS\ |ku N®hlxÈ< d`h eq“; œ`l¥
gS\ ˜tkZ ”s( bl jkT; d`h vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ
fod`kl d`k vxznwr gS\
N®hlxÈ< jkT; eÍ Lƒkfir jkstxkj
d`k;kZ¥;kÍ eÍ uoEcj 2007 rd` 1·83 ¥k[
csjkstxkjkÍ }kjk iath;u d`jk;k x;k\
xzkeh. ”s(kÍ eÍ jkstxkj mi¥C| d`jkuk ,oa
[k»kUu d`h lqj”k ds` lkƒ–lkƒ lkeqnkf;d`
lkekftd` ,oa vkfƒZd` ifjlEif®;kÍ d`k
l~tu rƒk v|kslajpuk fod`kl] xzkeh.
fu|Zu] vdq`æ¥ Jfed` ftUgÍ jkstxkj d`h
vko';d`rk gS] d`ks jkstxkj mi¥C| d`jkuk
orZeku eÍ foæs" vko';d`rk ,oa leL;k gS\
bl ¥{;ijd` n~fÆVd`ks. ds` vk|kj ij
N®hlxÈ< ds` xzkeh. ”s(kÍ eÍ fofHUu
jkstxkjijd` ,oa xjhch mUew¥u d`k;Z∂`e
p¥k, tk jgs gß\ blds` vUrxZr lEiw.Z
xzkeh. jkstxkj ;kstuk] bfUnjk vkokl
;kstuk] ^|kuea(h xzkeksn; ;kstuk]
v|kslajpuk lgk;rk vkfn d`ks O;kid` Lrj
ij lapkf¥r fd`;k tk jgk gS\ vusd`
jkstxkjijd` d`k;Z∂`ekÍ ds` vUrxZr o"Z
2006–07 eÍ 78,084 xjhc ifjokjkÍ d`ks
ekuo fnolkÍ d`k jkstxkj mi¥C| d`jk;k
x;k\ fd`lkukÍ d`h vkfƒZd` fLƒfr eÍ lq|kj
ds` f¥, vkSj [srh d`ks vf|d`–ls–vf|d`
¥kHnk;d` cukus ds` mˆs'; ls jkT; eÍ
jktho fd`lku ferku vfH;ku Î`f" foHkx
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/710
}kjk gkƒ eÍ f¥;k x;k gS] ¥sfd`u ;g ^;kl d`k leiZ. d`jus ds` f¥, jkth d`juk gksxk\
leL;k funku ds` f¥, i;kZIr ugÓ gS\ blds` lkƒ gh jkT; eÍ fLƒr uDl¥h ,oa xSj
ebZ–twu] 2005 ls N®hlxÈ< ds` uDl¥h d`h igpku d`juk vR;Ur vko';d`
if'peh cLrj ds` vfrlaosnuæh¥ uDl¥h gS\ tkfr] |eZ vkSj Hk"k d`k HsnHko fd`,
”s(kÍ eÍ uDlf¥;kÍ ds` fo:* vkfnoklh fcuk nsæHfâ` d`ks laj”. nsuk gksxk vkSj
nsænzksgh d`ksbZ Hh gks mls nf≥Mr d`juk
xzkeh.kÍ d`k tu–tkxj. vfH;ku ·l¥ok
tqMqe‚ ^kjEH gqvk\ nUrsokÈMk ft¥s ds` gksxk\ uDl¥h xfrfof|;kÍ d`h lwpuk nsus
ok¥kÍ d`ks laj”. nsus ds` lkƒ–lkƒ lafnX|
HSjexÈ<] cksn¥h] us¥lukj] dq`V:]
d`ksrjkik¥] ds`ædq`rq¥] iY¥sckek] chtkiqj O;fâ`;kÍ ij utj j[uh gksxh\ vkt
o vU; uDl¥h xzkekÍ eÍ ;g vfH;ku ,d` N®hlxÈ< eÍ jkT; ^æklu] ft¥k ^æklu
tu∂`kfUr ds` Ôi eÍ ns[k tk jgk gS\ vkSj Lƒkuh; ^æklu eÍ vusd` ,sls
vkfnokfl;kÍ ds` bl vfH;ku d`ks N®hlxÈ< vf|d`kjh/ inkf|d`kjh gß tks uDl¥okfn;kÍ
iqf¥l o Hkjrh; lsuk d`h dq`N cVkf¥;u d`h lgk;rk d`jrs gß\ iqf¥l vkSj ukxfjd`kÍ
o orZeku eÍ ukxk¥S≥M ls cq¥kbZ xbZ ds` euksc¥ d`ks cÈ<kus ds` f¥, tks Hh O;fâ`
Lisæ¥ œ`kslZ d`k iw.Z lg;ksx fe¥ jgk gS\ uDl¥okfn;kÍ d`ks id`ÈMok,] muls la?"Z
d`js] gfƒ;kj ds` H≥Mkj id`ÈMok,\ ,sls
uDl¥okn # vkUrfjd` lqj”k d`ks O;fâ`;kÍ d`ks lEekfur ,oa iqjLÎ`r d`juk
pqukSrh pkfg,\ ljd`kj us ;fn lPps eu ls
mi;qZâ` rF;kÍ ij ld`kjkRed` n~fÆVd`ks.
uDl¥h leL;k vkUrfjd` lqj”k d`h viukuk vkjEH fd`;k rks uDl¥h okLro
lcls cÈMh pqukSrh gS] D;kÍfd` ;g d`kuwu–
eÍ ¥ksd`rkaf(d` O;oLƒk eÍ ækfe¥ gks ld`rs
O;oLƒk ls tqÈMh leL;k gS\ ds`Unz ,oa jkT;
gß\
ljd`kjkÍ us uDl¥ ^Hkfor ”s(kÍ d`h næk–
●●●
fnæk d`ks n~fÆVxr j[ xjhckÍ] csjkstxkjkÍ]
cslgkjk ¥ksxkÍ] vke|kjk ls fo¥x vfæf”rkÍ
vkSj vYi fæf”r ¥ksxkÍ ds` fufgrkƒZ vusd`
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;kstukvkÍ] Î`"d` lsok ds`UnzkÍ ,oa vkS»ksfxd`
fod`kl ds`UnzkÍ d`k ^kÔi rS;kj d`j ^Hkfor
jkT;kÍ eÍ Hstk] ijUrq ^æklfud` Lrj ij
uDlf¥;kÍ ds` fojks|oæ] ;kstuk,a lgh
fnæk eÍ d`k;kZfUor ugÓ gks ik jgh gß\
uDlf¥;kÍ d`ks muds` ”s(kÍ eÍ vusd`
jktuhfrd` n¥kÍ usrkvkÍ d`k laj”. ^kIr
gS\ ftuds` lgkjs jktuhfrd` n¥ viuh–
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Mk¥rs gß uDlf¥;kÍ ds` fojks| vkSj By : Dr. L. M. Prasad
vkrad` ds` vkxs ;kstuk,a rks D;k] ubZ–ubZ
vkS»ksfxd` d`Eifu;k∑ vius d`ks Lƒkfir
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viuk O;olk; cukd`j jkT; eÍ ‘H; d`k
vkrad`’ Lƒkfir d`j fn;k gS\ bUgÍ vke
|kjk eÍ ¥kus ds` vƒd` ^;kl foœ`¥ gks
x, gß\ ^Hkfor ”s(kÍ eÍ ¥ksd` lHk ;k
fo|ku lHk ds` pquko d`jokuk\ lh\ vkj\ ih\
,œ`\] jkT; d`h iqf¥l o [qfœ`;k ,tÍfl;kÍ
us eq“; leL;k ekuk gS\
Code No. 1673 Price : Rs. 75/-
lE^fr vke |kjk ls foijhr uDlf¥;kÍ
d`ks lgh næk–fnæk fe¥s] blds` f¥, ljd`kj UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2
d`ks uDlf¥;kÍ ls vkeus–lkeus d`h ckrphr ● E-mail : publisher@upkar.in
● Website : www.upkar.in
d`h ig¥ d`juh gksxh\ mUgÍ ig¥s gfƒ;kjkÍ
 jktuhfrd` ¥s[
Hkjrh; jkÆV_oknh fpUru
jktuhfr] |eZ] næZu] fæ”k vkfn ds`
”s( eÍ Hkjr d`k vR;f|d` xkSjoe;h
bfrgkl jgk gS\ oSfnd`d`k¥ ,oa mlds` ckn
m®j–oSfnd`d`k¥ eÍ iqÆi–iY¥for o.Z-
O;oLƒk rƒk vkJe O;oLƒk d`k vk|kj
oSKkfud` gS\ ftls fo'o ds` vusd` euhf";kÍ
us Lohd`kj fd`;k gS\ ^kphud`k¥ ds` uk¥Unk
,oa r”fæ¥k fo'ofo»k¥; mPp fæ”k ds`
fo'ofo“;kr ds`Unz jgs gß\ ik'pkR; fopkjkÍ
ij vk|kfjr vk|qfud` lkekftd` foKkukÍ%
jktuhfrækL(] vƒZækL(] lektækL(]
fæ”kækL(] ekuoækL( vkfn eÍ ;fn
Hkjrh; fopkjkÍ d`ks mfpr Lƒku ugÓ fe¥k
gS] rks bld`k ^eq[ d`kj. Hkjr ij 800
ls vf|d` o"ksÛ rd` fonsæh ækld`kÍ d`k
æklu gksuk jgk gS\ foæs" rkSj ij vaxzsth
Hk"k ds` fopkjd`kÍ us Hkjr] Hkjroaæh ,oa
Hkjrh;rk d`ks gs; n~fÆV ls ns[k gS\ Hkjr
ds` ^kphu bfrgkl ds` v÷;;u ls ik'pkR;
fo}kukÍ us nks egRoiw.Z fuÆd`"Z fud`k¥s] ftls
eSDlew¥j ds` æCnkÍ eÍ O;â` fd`;k tk ld`rk
gS\ ∏Hkjr nkæZfud`kÍ d`k nsæ gS rƒk Hkjrh;kÍ
eÍ d`Hh Hh jkÆV_h;rk d`h Hkouk ugÓ jgh\π
eSDlew¥j bl ^d`kj d`h fVIi.h d`jrs le;
lEHor;k ;g Hw ¥ x, fd` lezkVΩ pUnzxqIr
ls ¥sd`j vd`cj egku rd` rƒk vaxzstkÍ ds`
æklu ds` fo:* luΩ 1857 ds` Lora(rk
laxzke vkUnks¥u vkSj mlds` ckn vuojr
Ôi ls p¥s jkÆV_oknh vkUnks¥u eÍ v[≥M
Hkjr d`k tks LoÔi mHjrk gS og if'pe
ds` rƒkd`fƒr [ks[¥s jkÆV_okn d`h rq¥uk eÍ
d`gÓ vf|d` JsÆBrj gS\ vUrj ds`o¥ bruk
gS fd` Hkjrh; jkÆV_okn tgk∑ viuh HkSxksf¥d`
lhekvkÍ ds` Hhrj Lo;a d`ks ds`fUnzr d`jus
rd` lhfer jgk gS ogÓ if'pe d`k jkÆV_okn]
foLrkjokn] lkezkT;okn rƒk mifuosæokn
d`k ^rhd` jgk gS\ 16oÓ ,oa 17oÓ ærkCnh ds`
nkSjku ;wjksih; jkÆV_okn d`k fod`kl l?u
oLrq mRiknu ,oa fo'o okf.T; d`h lao~f*
ls tqÈMk jgk gS\ vkS»ksfxd` ∂`kfUr us if'peh
jkÆV_kÍ }kjk vkfƒZd` ,oa jktuhfrd` æfâ`
xzg. d`jus d`h ^f∂`;k d`ks rst d`j fn;k\
vBkjgoÓ rƒk mUuhloÓ ærkCnh ds`
^kjfEHd` o"ksÛ eÍ ,fæ;kbZ nsæ vkfƒZd` ,oa
jktuhfrd` voufr d`k fæd`kj gqvk] lkek-
ftd` tÈMrk ,oa lkaLÎ`frd` fxjkoV us
Hkjrh; næZu ,oa fopkj|kjk d`h ped` d`ks
|wfe¥ d`j fn;k\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/711/6
MkW\ ';ke lqUnj ¯lg pkSgku
bleÍ d`ksbZ lUnsg ugÓ fd` Hkjr eÍ
vaxzsth nklrk vkSj fonsæh vk∂`kUrkvkÍ }kjk
Hkjrh;kÍ d`k vkfƒZd`] jktuhfrd`] lkekftd`
æks". fd`, tkus ds` ifj.keLoÔi mUuhloÓ
ærkCnh eÍ Hkjr eÍ iqutkZxj. d`h tks ¥gj
p¥h mlus vk|qfud` Hkjrh; jkÆV_okn ds`
mRƒku eÍ egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k fuHkbZ\ ftl
^d`kj bV¥h ds` iqutkZxj. rƒk teZuh ds`
lq|kjoknh vkUnks¥ukÍ us ;wjksih; jkÆV_okn
ds` f¥, ckSf*d` vk|kj rS;kj fd`;k] Bhd`
mlh ^d`kj Hkjr ds` fofHUu lekt
lq|kjd`kÍ%jktk jkeeksgu jk;] bZ'ojpUnz
fo»klkxj] egkRek xka|h] ,suh cslÍV]
xksik¥Î`Æ. xks[¥s] T;ksfrck œq`¥s vkfn
rƒk |eZxq:vkÍ%Lokeh foosd`kuUn] Lokeh
n;kuUn ljLorh vkfn ds` fopkjkÍ ,oa
minsækÍ us ns æ eÍ ,d` Lok;®æklh ,oa
Lo–fu.Z;kuqdw`¥ jktuhfrd` O;oLƒk d`h
fo»ekurk ds` f¥, bPNk txk;h] tks vkxs
p¥d`j jkÆV_oknh vkUnks¥u eÍ ifjofrZr gks
xbZ\ Hkjrh; Hkouk eÍ mRiUu gqbZ tkx~fr
næZu] |eZ ,oa laLÎ`fr ds` ”s( eÍ
l~tukRed`rk ds` Ôi eÍ ifj¥f”r gqbZ vkSj
vUrr# vfuok;Z Ôi ls jktuhfrd` Lo–
tkxÔd`rk d`k vk|kj cuh\ Hkjrh; fopkj
ew¥ Ôi ls uSfrd` rƒk vk÷;kfRed` vis”kvkÍ
ls ifjiw.Z ƒs\
Hkjrh; iqutkZxj. vkSj jkÆV_okn
lks¥goÓ ,oa l(goÓ ærkCnh eÍ mitk
;wjksih; iqutkZxj. I¥sVks] vjLrw ,oa flljks
ds` fuÆd`"ksÛ d`h ifjofrZr lkekftd`–jkt-
uhfrd` ifjfLƒfr;kÍ eÍ u, fljs ls mud`h
O;k“;k ek( ugÓ ƒk ojuΩ og Lora( ,oa
ck|kjfgr ckSf*d` tk∑p d`ks vius vki eÍ
ækfe¥ fd`, gq, ƒk\ isV_kæ (1304–1374)
,oa cksd`kfl;ks (1313–1375) us ekuothou
ds` egRo ,oa tfV¥ ekuoh; vfLrRo d`ks
vƒZiw.Zr# le>k;k rks ,jslel (1466–
1536) us ekuorkokn ij ^d`kæ Mk¥k\
÷;ku nsus ok¥h ckr ;g gS fd` Hkjr eÍ
iqutkZxj. vkUnks¥u ;wjksih; iqutkZxj.
d`h rq¥uk eÍ vf|d` ^c¥ ƒk\ jktk
jk|kd`kUr nso (1784–1867) us laLÎ`r
Hk"k ds` egkuΩ xzUƒ æCn d`Yinzqe ·ik∑p
[≥M‚ eÍ osnkÍ] mifu"nkÍ] xhrk rƒk iqjk.kÍ
d`h eg®k d`ks iquLƒkZfir fd`;k\ mUuhloÓ
ærkCnh ds` vfUre rhu næd`kÍ eÍ Hxoku
¥k¥ bUnzth] jkeÎ`Æ. xksik¥ H≥Mkjd`j]
jktsUnz¥k¥ fe( rƒk ck¥xaxk|j fr¥d` us
lkezkT;oknh fopkj|kjk d`k [ks[¥kiu
fl* d`jus d`k ^;kl fd`;k rHh ls Hkjrh;
iqjkru fopkjkÍ d`k v÷;;u eqq“;r;k jkÆV_-
oknh fopkj|kjk ls vuq^kf.r jgk\ jkÆV_oknh
fopkj|kjk ds` fopkjd`kÍ us Vh\ ,p\ gDl¥s]
MkfoZu] fe¥ ,oa LisUlj ds ` fopkjkÍ ls
^Hkfor uo–fæf”r Hkjrh;kÍ ds` vk÷;kRe
fojks|h rƒk jkÆV_oknh fojks|h fopkjkÍ d`ks ,d`
fljs ls ud`kj fn;k\ iqutkZxj. d`h ;g
Hkouk jktuhfrd` rƒk vkfƒZd` n~fÆV ls
æfâ`æk¥h mn≥M ik'pkR; l˙;rk }kjk
^Lrqr d`h tk jgh pqukSfr;kÍ ds` fo:* ,d`
^frf∂`;k ƒh\ if'pe d`h eæhuh l˙;rk rƒk
Hkjr d`h gtkjkÍ o"Z iqjkuh lkaLÎ`frd` ,oa
|kfeZd` l˙;rk ds` chp ds` bl la?"Z ls Hkjr
eÍ ,d` ,sls uohu jkÆV_okn d`k mn; gqvk
ftlus egkRek xka|h] tokgj ¥k¥ usgÔ]
xksik¥ Î`Æ. xks[¥s] ck¥xaxk|j fr¥d`]
vjfoUn ?ks"] ¥k¥k ¥ktir jk;] fofiu
pUnz ik¥ ds` usr~Ro eÍ lR;] v¯glk vkSj
lR;kxzg tSls uSfrd` gfƒ;kjkÍ ds` c¥ ij
rkRd`kf¥d` nkSj ds` lokZf|d` æfâ`æk¥h
vk∂`kUrkvkÍ fczrkfu;kÍ d`ks Hkjr NksÈMus ij
ck÷; d`j fn;k\
fczrkuh æklu ds` ^kjfEHd` nkSj eÍ Hkjr
eÍ jkÆV_oknh fopkj|kjk ds` mn; eÍ rhu rRokÍ
us lokZf|d` egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k fuHkbZ\
^ƒe jktk jkeeksgu jk; (1772–
1833), nsosUnzukƒ Bkdq`j (1817–1905)
rƒk ds`æopUnz lsu (1838–1884) ds`
usr~Ro eÍ cz©lekt vkUnks¥u us lkaLÎ`frd`]
ekuorkoknh rƒk lkekftd` d`k;ksÛ eÍ caxk¥
eÍ egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k fuHkbZ\ cz©lekt
vkUnks¥u ,d`rRookn] ckSf*d` foosd`-
æh¥rk] mifu"nkÍ ds` ,d`Rookn] tSls
foæq* Hkjrh;okn ds` lkƒ–lkƒ bZlkf;r
d`h vPNkb;kÍ d`ks Hh vius eÍ lekfgr fd`,
gq, ƒk\
cz©lekt us Hkjrh; lekt d`h tÈMrk
ij ^gkj fd`;k\ bld`h lcls cÈMh nsu ;g
d`gÓ tk ld`rh gS fd` blus vk|qfud` Hkjr
,oa Hkjrh;rk ds` fuekZrkvkÍ%txnhæ pUnz
clq] jfoUnzukƒ Bkdq`j] cztsUnzukƒ L;k¥
rƒk fofiu pUnz ik¥ d`ks ^Hkfor fd`;k\
f}rh; Hkjrh; jkÆV_okn ds` fuekZ. eÍ
vk;Zlekt ,d` vU; ^eq[ vkUnks¥u jgk\
10 v^S¥] 1875 d`ks Lokeh n;kuUn
ljLorh }kjk Lƒkfir vk;Zlekt us ‘osnkÍ
d`h vksj p¥ks’ d`k ukjk fn;k\ mUgkÍus c¥
nsd`j d`gk fd` osnkÍ–mifu"nkÍ–iqjk.kÍ d`k
v÷;;u d`jus d`k vf|d`kj lHh ukxfjd`kÍ
d`ks gS\ Lokeh n;kuUn d`h d`k¥t;h Î`fr
‘lR;kƒZ ^d`kæ’ eÍ fgUnw |eZ eÍ O;kIr
dq`jhfr;kÍ ij ^gkj `fd`;k x;k\ ¥k¥k
galjkt rƒk J*kuUn us ∂`eæ# Mh\ ,\
oh\ d`kW¥st] ¥kgkSj rƒk xq:dq`¥ d`kaxÈMh]
gfj}kj d`h Lƒkiuk d`h\ ckn eÍ m®j
Hkjr ds` vU; ægjkÍ eÍ ik'pkR; vaxzsth
fo»k¥;kÍ ds` lekukUrj Mh\ ,\ oh\ d`kW¥stkÍ
d`h Lƒkiuk d`h tks jkÆV_okn d`h fnæk eÍ
,d` cÈMk d`ne ƒk\
r~rh; jkeÎ`Æ. ijegal rƒk muds`
fæÆ; Lokeh foosd`kuUn us oSfnd` ¥s[kÍ ,oa
;wjksih; næZu nksukÍ ds` chp lkeatL;
Lƒkfir d`jus d`k ^;kl fd`;k\ foosd`kuUn
us luΩ 1893 eÍ fæd`kxks |eZ-laln eÍ
vkRefuHZjrk] lqn~È<rk ,oa fo'ocU|qRo
d`k lansæ fn;k\ ¥k¥k ¥ktir jk; rƒk
lqHk" pUnz cksl us Lokeh foosd`kuUn d`ks
caxk¥h jkÆV_okn d`k uk;d` nsonwr crk;k\
jkÆV_oknh fopkj|kjk caxk¥] m®jh
Hkjr rƒk iatkc rd` gh lhfer ugÓ jgh\
blus nf”. eÍ enzkl eÍ ohjjk?okpk;Z]
lqCckjko iqUrq¥w jax…;k uk;Mw] th\
lqcz©≥;e v…;j ds` usr~Ro eÍ vk÷;kfRed`
rƒk ckSf*d` Ôi ls ^Hko Mk¥k\
egkjkÆV_ eÍ jkÆV_okn d`k mn; lekt-
lq|kj oknh vkUnks¥ukÍ rƒk fæ”k ds` ^lkj
ds` Ôi eÍ gqvk\ T;ksfrck œq`¥s us 1873 eÍ
lR;æks|d` lekt d`h Lƒkiuk d`h\ luΩ
1867 eÍ ds`æopUnz lsu us ^kƒZuk lekt
d`h Lƒkiuk d`h\ vkj\ th\ H≥Mkjd`j]
egknso xksfoUn jkukMs] ,u th pUnkojd`j
us ^kƒZuk lekt ds` ek÷;e ls fo|ok
iqufoZokg] vUrtkZrh; fookg rƒk ,d`-
nwljs ds` lkƒ [ku–iku ds` lEcU|kÍ d`ks
fod`flr d`jus tSls lq|kjoknh mik;kÍ ds`
lkƒ–lkƒ fu|ZukÍ ,oa oafprkÍ ds` mRƒku
gsrq d`k;Z fd`;k\ lekt lq|kjkÍ ds` f¥,
lrrΩ ^;Ruæh¥ jgs vkj\ th\ H≥Mkjd`j
us u ds`o¥ lkjs Hkjr eÍ ojuΩ fo'oHj eÍ
,d` egkuΩ nkæZfud` ,oa laLÎ`r ds` fo}kuΩ
ds` Ôi eÍ vikj “;kfr vftZr d`h\
Hkjr d`h x.ra(kRed` æklu
O;oLƒk rƒk jkÆV_okn
vaxzsth æklud`k¥ ds` nkSjku vkSj
mlds` ckn] ik'pkR; ¥s[d`kÍ ,oa muls
^Hkfor Hkjrh; fopkjd`kÍ us vius ¥s[kÍ/
æks|i(kÍ us ;g fl* d`jus d`k ^;kl
fd`;k fd` Hkjr eÍ jkT; ;k Lonsæ d`k Hko
d`Hh txk gh ugÓ vkSj fd`lh jktuhfrd`
lafo|ku d`k fod`kl rks og oSpkfjd`
|jkr¥ ij Hh ugÓ d`j ik;k\ Hkjrh;kÍ d`ks
æklu d`jus d`k Kku ugÓ ƒk rƒk Hkjrh;
ækld`kÍ d`k eq“; ÷;s; d`j olw¥uk rƒk
viuh ^tk ij ^paMre c¥ ^;ksx d`juk
ƒk\ bl ^d`kj d`h feF;ko|kj.kvkÍ d`k
m®j Hkjrh; fopkjd`kÍ us fn;k\ ,\ lh\
nkl us vius ,d` ¥s[ (1907) eÍ rkfdZ`d`
<ax ls d`gk fd` ∏;g ekuuk x¥r gksxk
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/712
fd` fgUnw LosPNkpkjh æklu ds` v˙;Lr jgs
gß vkSj bl nsæ eÍ ,d` lqLiÆV æfâ` ds`
Ôi eÍ ¥ksd`ra( d`k vfLRo d`Hh ugÓ jgk
……… tks jktra ( ^kphu Hkjr eÍ
œw`¥k–œ`¥k] og fujadq`æ ugÓ] cfYd` lhfer
jktra( ƒk\π ik'pR; fopkjd` Hw¥ tkrs
gß fd` ¥ks d ` d`Y;k.d`kjh jkT; d`h
vo|kj.k d`k ew¥ ‘jkejkT;’ d`h
vo|kj.k eÍ fufgr gS\ Hkjr ds` tuekul
ds` eu eÍ jps–cls Jh jke us ftl ^d`kj
d`h æklu-^.k¥h fod`flr d`h oSlh vkt
rd` d`gÓ Hh fod`flr ugÓ gks ikbZ\ Jhjke
jktk ·ækld`‚ vo'; ƒs] ¥sfd`u muds`
f¥, viuh ^tk ·lkekU; |ksch‚ ds` fopkjkÍ
d`k egRo d`e ugÓ ƒk\ d`kæh ^lkn
tk;lok¥ ds` 1912–1915 ds` chp ‘ekMuZ
fjO;w’ eÍ ^d`kfær jkÆV_oknh ¥s[kÍ d`k
lad`¥u luΩ 1924 eÍ ‘fgUnw ikWf¥Vh’ eÍ
^d`kfær gqvk ftleÍ mUgkÍus ;g fl*
d`jus d`k ^;kl fd`;k fd` ^kphu Hkjr d`k
jktuhfrd` È<k∑pk ,ƒÍl ds` uxj x.ra(kÍ
vkSj vaær# fczrkuh æklu-^.k¥h ds` gh
vuqÔi ƒk\ bleÍ ikSj rƒk tkuikn tSlh
tulHk,a ƒÓ tks jkT; æfâ` ij vadq`æ
j[rh ƒÓ\…… ;s fud`k; mu laLƒkvkÍ ls
vf|d` mUur ƒÓ ftu ij vk|qfud`
fLoVΩtj¥S≥M ;k la;qâ` jkT; vejhd`k xoZ
d`jrk gS\…… fgUnqvkÍ }kjk d`h xbZ
laoS|kfud` ^xfr d`ks ekr nsus d`h ckr rks
nwj] mld`h cjkcjh Hh lEHor# d`ksbZ
^kphu jkT; O;oLƒk ugÓ d`j ld`rh
…… mud`h ·fgUnqvkÍ‚ æklu-^.k¥h d`k
Lof.Ze ;qx ek( vrhr d`h pht ugÓ gS]
cfYd` ;g HfoÆ; eÍ Hh fufgr gS\π
1916–1925 ds` chp ‘ekMuZ fjO;w’]
‘fgUnqLrku fjO;w’ rƒk ‘bf≥M;u ,ÍfVDosjh’
eÍ jkÆV_oknh fopkjkÍ ls vksr^ksr brus
vf|d` ¥s[ ^d`kfær gq, fd` mUuhloÓ
ærkCnh ds` fd`lh vU; d`k¥[≥M eÍ
^d`kfær ugÓ gq,\ ch\ vkj\ vkj\ nhf”rkj
us viuh MkWDVjsV ƒhfll ij vk|kfjr
iqLrd` ‘fgUnw ,MfefuLV_sfVo bULVhVΩ;wæUl’
eÍ d`gk fd` nsæ d`h HkSxksf¥d` v[≥Mrk
rƒk fnfXot; }kjk d`U;kdq`ekjh ls fgek¥;
rd` ds` Hw–Hkx d`k p∂`orhZ ækld` cuus
ds` ^R;sd` jktk ds` vknæZ d`ks ns[rs gq, bl
ckr eÍ d`ksbZ lUnsg ugÓ jg tkrk fd` bl
nsæ eÍ ^c¥ jkÆV_oknh Hkouk fo»eku ƒh\
vkfƒZd`–jktuhfrd`–lkekftd` fopkjkÍ
eÍ Hkjrh;rk d`h ckr lokZf|d` læâ`
rjhds` ls egknso xksfoUn jkukMs us d`gh\
mUgkÍus us vius fucU| ∏,sls vkWu bf≥M;u
bd`ukW f eDlπ eÍ Hkjr d`h vkfƒZ d `
leL;kvkÍ ds` lek|ku ds` f¥, Hkjrh;
mikxe viukus d`h od`k¥r d`h rƒk
blds` f¥, ,Me fLeƒ] MsfoM fjd`kMksZ
rƒk ts\ ,l\ fe¥ ds` fl*kUrkÍ d`h
lkƒZd`rk ij ^'ufpÕ ¥xk fn;k\
Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl rƒk jkÆV_okn
luΩ 1885 eÍ Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl
d`h Lƒkiuk d`ks vk|qfud` Hkjr eÍ jkÆV_okn
rƒk Lora(rk ds` bfrgkl eÍ lokZf|d`
vkUnks¥ud`kjh ?Vuk ekuk tkrk gS\ d`kaxzsl
ds` I¥sVœ`keZ ls gh nknkHkbZ uSjksth]
ck¥xa x k|j fr¥d`] fofiupUnz ik¥]
lqHk"pUnz cksl] ¥k¥k ¥ktir jk;]
tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ rƒk egkRek xka|h tSls
okLrfod` jkÆV_oknh fopkjd` Hkjr ds`
jktuhfrd`–lkekftd`–vkfƒZd` œ`¥d` ij
mHjs\ bueÍ ls lokZf|d` fofæÆV rƒk
ekSf¥d` ;ksxnku egkRek xka|h d`k ekuk tk
ld`rk gS\ ^kjfEHd` nkSj eÍ egkRek xka|h
H¥s gh d`fri; ik'pkR; fopkjd`kÍ ds`
fopkjkÍ ls ^Hkfor jgs gkÍ] ¥sfd`u 1893 ls
1914 rd` nf”. v≠`hd`k eÍ jaxHsn d`h
uhfr ds` fo:* vaxzstkÍ d`h ljd`kj ds`
fo:* mud`k vkUnks¥u rƒk 1915 ls
1948 rd` Hkjr eÍ fczrkuh æklu ds`
fo:* Hkjr d`h Lora(rk ds` f¥, muds`
la?"Z ds` vk;ke vfHuo rƒk vuwBs ƒs\
muls ig¥s bud`k ^;ksx fd`lh vkSj us ugÓ
fd`;k\ d`k¥kUrj eÍ r~rh; fo'o ds` vusd`
ijk|hu nsækÍ ds` vkUnks¥u eÍ xka|hth ds`
vknæksÛ d`ks viuk;k rƒk Lora(rk gkfl¥
d`h\ xka|hth ds` fopkjkÍ rƒk vknæksÛ d`ks
v”jæ# viukus ok¥kÍ eÍ nf”. v≠`hd`k
ds` v'osr usrk usYlu e≥Ms¥k d`k uke
lcls ˜ij gS\ vkSj vc E;kaekj eÍ vkax–
lkax–lw d`h mlh jkLrs ij p¥ jgh gß\
egkRek xka|h d`h lEiw.Z fopkj|kjk
lR;] v¯glk vkSj lR;kxzg ds` bnZ–fxnZ
?werh gS\ mud`k ekuuk ƒk fd` lR; d`k
,d` d`. vuUr Ôi ls vlR; ds` igkÈMkÍ
ls Hh vf|d` æfâ`æk¥h gS\ xka|hth
uSfrd` ewY;kÍ d`h JsÆBrk ,oa loksZn; ·lHh
d`k d`Y;k.‚ ij vlhe fo'okl d`jrs ƒs\
loksZn; d`k næZu fo»ekurk d`h ,d`rk d`h
vko|kj.k ij vk|kfjr gS\ bleÍ iæqvkÍ
,oa ekuokÍ ds` ^fr fd`lh Hh ^d`kj d`h
¯glk ds` f¥, d`ksbZ Lƒku ugÓ gS\ bld`k ew¥
;qtosZn ds` ^fl* eU( ∏bZækokL;fena
loZeΩπ lEiw.Z cz©k≥M loksZPp bZ'oj }kjk
lapkf¥r gS\ bZ'oj d`h bPNk ds` fcuk i®k
Hh ugÓ fg¥ ld`rk\
xka|hth us vafglk ds` c¥ ij fczrkuh
lkezkT; d`h tÈMÍ fg¥k nÓ\ v¯glk d`k vƒZ
gS vuUr ^se tks vUrr# O;fâ` ds` Hhrj
d`ÆV lgus d`h vlhe ”erk mRiUu d`j
nsrk gS\ muds` vuqlkj ∏v¯glk esjs fo'okl
d`k ig¥k rRo gS\π ^R;sd` lR;kxzgh d`k ;g
d`rZO; gS fd` og v¯glk ds` }kjk lR; d`ks
^kIr d`jus d`k vUrghu ^;kl d`js\ ●●●
 ih\lh\,l\/vkbZ\,\,l\ d`h eq“; ijh”k ·fgUnh‚ gsrq foæs" ¥s[
vehj [qljks d`k fgUnh ds` fod`kl eÍ ;ksxnku
,d` ckj ,d` I;kls jkgxhj us dq`,∑ ij
ikuh Hj jgÓ pkj ifugkfjukÍ ls ikuh fi¥kus
d`k vuqjks| fd`;k\ ifugkfjukÍ us ikuh nsus
ls ig¥s ml O;fDr ls nksgk lqukus d`ks
d`gk\ ig¥h us [hj ij] nwljh us pj[s ij]
rhljh us dq`®s ij vkSj pkSƒh us <ks¥ ij
d`ksbZ nksgk cukd`j lqukus d`h bPNk O;Dr
d`h\ jkgxhj us mu pkjkÍ ifugkfjukÍ d`h
v¥x-v¥x bPNk d`ks rqjUr ,d` nksgs eÍ
O;Dr d`j bl rjg ^d`V fd`;k%
[hj id`kbZ tru ls] pj[k fn;k p¥k‰
vk;k dq`®k [k x;k] rw cSBh <ks¥ ctk‰‰
mDr nksgk d`kO;-txrΩ eÍ ‘<d`ksl¥k’
uke ls pfpZr gqvk\ ‘<d`ksl¥k’ eÍ cses¥
vleku æCnkÍ d`ks fe¥kd`j lkƒZd` rqd`cUnh
d`h tkrh gS\ bl <d`ksl¥k d`k jpukd`kj
jkgxhj fgUnoh ·fgUnh d`k iqjkuk uke‚ d`k
lq^fl* d`fo vkSj Ȝ`kjlh d`k vius le;
d`k “;kfr^kIr xzaƒd`kj vehj [qljks ƒk\
vehj [qljks d`k tUe luΩ 1253 bZ\
eÍ m®j ^nsæ ds` tuin ,Vk ds` ifV;k¥h
uked` xk∑o eÍ vehj lSœq`ˆhu egewn ds`
?j gqvk\ [qljks ds` firk rqdZ` ƒs\ Hkjr
vkd`j og bYrqrfeæ d`h lsuk eÍ HrhZ gks
x,\ [qljks d`h ekrk c¥cu ds` j”kea(h d`h
iq(h ƒh\ [qljks d`k iwjk uke vcq¥ glu
;kehuqˆhu [qljks ƒk\
vkB lk¥ d`h voLƒk eÍ gh [qljks
ds` firk d`h e~R;q gks xbZ\ vr# [qljks fnY¥h
vkd`j vius ukuk ds` ikl jgus ¥xs\ firk
vkSj ukuk d`h vPNh ^frÆBk ƒh« blf¥,
[qljks æh?z gh rRd`k¥hu ^fl* fo}kukÍ
vkSj cknækgkÍ ds` lEidZ` eÍ vk x,\ vkpk;Z
jkepUnz æqD¥ ds` vuqlkj vehj [qljks us
x;klqˆhu c¥cu ls ¥sd`j v¥kmˆhu vkSj
dq`rqcqˆhu eqckjÈd`ækg rd` d`bZ iBku
cknækgkÍ d`k tekuk ns[k ƒk\
fnY¥h eÍ gh [qljks lwœ`h lUr gÈtjr
futkeqˆhu vkSf¥;k ds` fæÆ; cu x,\ [qljks
vius xq: d`k cÈMk lEeku d`jrs ƒs\ xq:
futkeqˆhu vkSf¥;k Hh [qljks d`ks lokZf|d`
^se d`jrs ƒs\ ^kIr lw(kÍ ls irk p¥k gS
fd` ,d` ckj rks mUgkÍus Lo;a vkSj vehj
[qljks d`ks ,d` d`cz eÍ gh nœ`ukus d`h ckr
d`gh ƒh\
d`fo gksus ds` lkƒ-lkƒ [qljks vPNs
xk;d` vkSj laxhr-^seh Hh ƒs\ og Hkjrh;
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/713
MkW\ txnhæ æj.
vkSj bZjkuh nksukÍ ^d`kj ds` laxhr eÍ csgn
:fp j[us ok¥s ƒs\ ,slk Hh ekuk tkrk gS
fd` flrkj vkSj rc¥s d`k vkfoÆd`kj [qljks
us gh fd`;k ƒk\ xÈt¥ d`k ^kjEH Hh [qljks
ds` }kjk gqvk ekuk tkrk gS\
[qljks d`k vfUre le; cÈMs d`ÆVkÍ eÍ
chrk\ vius thou ds` vfUre le; eÍ og
x;klqˆhu rqx¥d` ds` lkƒ caxk¥ p¥s x,\
tc og fnY¥h ¥kSVs] rks mUgÍ irk p¥k fd`
muds` xq: gÈtjr futkeqˆhu vkSf¥;k d`k
nsgkUr gks pqd`k gS\ blls og cÈMs O;fƒr
gq,\ ;gk∑ rd` fd` mUgkÍus vius d`iÈMs œ`kÈM
Mk¥s] eq[ ij jk[ e¥ ¥h vkSj viuk
?jokj NksÈM fn;k\ mUgkÍus vius ?j d`k
lkjk |u ¥qVk fn;k\ [qljks mnkl-mnkl
jgus ¥xs vkSj xq: d`h lekf| ij gh cSBs
vk∑lw cgkrs jgrs ƒs\ d`gk tkrk gS fd`
mUgkÍus vius xq: d`h lekf| ij jksrs gq,
viuk ;g nksgk iÈ<k ƒk%
xksjh lksoS lst ij] eq[ ij Mk¥s ds`l ‰
p¥ [qljks ?j vkius] jSu HbZ pgq∑ nsl ‰‰
luΩ 1325 bZ\ eÍ [qljks d`k fu|u gks
x;k\ fnY¥h eÍ xq: futkeqˆhu vkSf¥;k d`h
eÈtkj ds` fud`V gh [qljks d`h eÈtkj cukbZ
xbZ] tks vkt Hh ekStwn gS\
[qljks ds` œ`kjlh eÍ f¥f[r rhu xzaƒ
ekus tkrs gß%vÈœ`Èt¥-m¥-d`ok;n]
È[kf¥Èd`ckjh vkSj uqg flisgj\ ig¥s xzaƒ eÍ
[qljks us vius xq: gÈtjr fuÈtkeqˆhu
vkSf¥;k ds` opukÍ vkSj mud`h fæ”kvkÍ d`ks
lad`f¥r fd`;k gS\ nwljh iqLrd` ds` ckjs eÍ
;g Hze gS fd` ;g fd`lh vU; ¥s[d`
[qljksækg d`h f¥[h gqbZ gS\
[qljks d`h ^flf* fgUnh-txrΩ eÍ
muds` }kjk fgUnh eÍ f¥[h xbZ igsf¥;kÍ]
eqd`fj;kÍ] fulcrkÍ] nks l[qukÍ vkSj <d`ksl¥kÍ
ds` d`kj. gh ekuh tkrh gS\ [ÈMh cks¥h ds`
vkfn LoÔi d`ks tkuus ds` f¥, mud`h
eqd`fj;k∑ vkSj igsf¥;k∑ vkfn jpuk,a
,sfrgkfld` egRo j[rh gß\
^kjfEHd` fgUnh d`ks [qljks us ‘fgUnoh’
uke fn;k\ bl æCn d`k ^;ksx mUgkÍus
m®j Hkjr eÍ ^pf¥r vke Hk"k ds` f¥,
fd`;k ƒk\ blds` lkƒ gh m®j Hkjr d`h
nks cksf¥;kÍ%vo|h vkSj nsg¥oh rƒk b'Èds`
brjkÈœ` d`h Ètcku d`ks mUgkÍus ‘fgUnoh’ eÍ
Lƒku fn;k\ [qljks us fnY¥h ds` vklikl
d`h ftl fod`flr Hk"k d`ks ‘nsg¥oh’ d`gk
gS] og oLrqr# fgUnoh ;k fgUnh gh ƒh\
‘È[kf¥Èd`ckjh’ eÍ fgUnh æCn d`k ^;ksx
vusd` ckj gqvk gS\ ml le; Hkjr d`h
e÷;nsæh; Hk"k ds` f¥, fgUnoh ;k fgUnqbZ
æCn d`k ^;ksx fd`;k tkrk ƒk\ [qljks d`ks
fgUnqLrkuh gksus ij xoZ ƒk\ mUgkÍus ,d`
txg f¥[k gS%‘rqÈdZ` fgUnqLrkfu;e eu
fgUnoh xks;e tokc’] vƒkZrΩ eß fgUnqLrkuh
rqÈdZ` gw∑] fgUnoh eÍ tokc nsrk gw∑\
fgUnoh ;»fi fgUnqbZ vkSj fgUnqoh d`k
fod`kl gS\ MkW\ Hks¥kukƒ frokjh us f¥[k
gS fd` eql¥eku tc Hkjr eÍ vk,] rks os
;gk∑ ds` ¥ksxkÍ d`ks ‘fgUnq’ ;k ‘fgUnw’ d`grs
ƒs\ blh eÍ rRd`k¥hu œ`kjlh ds` foæs".%
^R;;%‘bZ’ tksÈMd`j e÷;nsæ ds` fgUnqvkÍ d`h
Hk"k d`ks ·fgUnq + bZ‚ mu ¥ksxkÍ us ‘fgUnqbZ’
·vƒkZrΩ ‘fgUnwok¥h’ ;k ‘fgUnd`h’‚ uke fn;k\
ckn eÍ mPpkj. lkSd`;Z ds` f¥, ‘o’ Jqfr
vk tkus ds` d`kj. ‘fgUnqbZ’ æCn fgUnqoh gks
x;k\ ‘fgUnoh’ bl nwljs Ôi ‘fgUnqoh’ d`k
gh fod`kl gS\ bl ^d`kj blds` bu rhukÍ
ukekÍ eÍ ‘fgUnqbZ’ lcls iqjkuk] ‘fgUnqoh’
mld`k fod`kl rƒk ‘fgUnoh’ vfUre fod`kl
gS\ ‘fgUnqoh’ uke d`k iqjkuk mY¥s[ ^fl*
Hkjrh; œ`kjlh d`fo eqgEen vkSœ`h eÍ
fe¥rk gS\
[qljks ds` d`kO; eÍ ‘fgUnoh’ ds` eq“;r#
nks Ôi ^kIr gksrs gß%ig¥k] BsB cks¥pk¥
d`k [ÈMh cks¥h Ôi\ ;g Ôi mud`h igsf¥;kÍ]
eqd`fj;kÍ] nks l[qukÍ vkfn eÍ fe¥rk gS\
nwljk] cztHk"k fefJr [ÈMh cks¥h Ôi\
;g Ôi muds` nksgkÍ rƒk xhrkÍ eÍ fn[kbZ
nsrk gS\ [qljks us [ÈMh cks¥h d`ks] tks Ôi
^nku fd`;k vkSj ftl Ôi d`k ^;ksx
mUgkÍus viuh jpukvkÍ eÍ fd`;k mlh ds`
d`kj. ;g Hk"k fujUrj fod`flr gksd`j
fo'o-Hk"k ds` Ôi eÍ ^frfÆBr gks xbZ gS\
[qljks d`h igsf¥;kÍ] eqd`fj;kÍ vkfn eÍ
[ÈMh cks¥h d`k ^kat¥ Ôi ns[k tk ld`rk
gS\ ,d` mnkgj. nzÆVO; gS%
,d` ƒk¥ eksrh ls Hjk ‰
lcds` flj ij vkß|k |jk ‰‰
pkjkÍ vksj og ƒk¥h fœ`js ‰
eksrh mlls ,d` u fxjs ‰‰
[qljks d`h igsf¥;kÍ eÍ mfDr oSfpfl;
ds næZu gksrs gß\ ‘eqd`jh’ eÍ ig¥s d`gh gqbZ
ckr d`k vUr eÍ [≥Mu-lk d`jrs gq, m®j
fn;k tkrk gS\ ‘nks l[quk’ eÍ iwNs x, nks
^'ukÍ d`k m®j ,d` gksrk gS\ ‘fulcr’ eÍ
lekurk d`k lEcU| vkSj ‘<d`ksl¥k’ eÍ cses¥
vkSj vleku æCnkÍ d`ks fe¥kd`j lkƒZd`
æs" i~ÆB 727 ij
 HkSxksf¥d`` ¥s[
i;kZoj. ^cU|u
(Environment Management)
t¥ok;q ifjorZu ,oa fo'o vkfƒZd`
eanh d`k eqˆk] G–8 vkSj G–5 nsækÍ ds`
¥kfDo¥k ·bV¥h‚ lEes¥u eÍ Nk;k jgk\
bl lEes¥u ds` ^eq[ eqˆs jgs%t¥ok;q
ifjorZu] fo'o vkfƒZd` eanh] [k» lqj”k]
˜tkZ lqj”k] fo®h; laj”.okn vkfn\
vUrjkZÆV_h; Lrj ds` Lo;alsoh laxBu
‘vkS d `lœs ` e’ d`h c~gLifrokj 11 tq¥kbZ
2009 d`ks tkjh fjiksVZ ‘gß x Vw xS n j
ls^sV¥h’ (Hang to gether separately) eÍ
d`gk gS fd` t¥ok;q ifjorZu ·X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx‚
d`ks vUrjkZÆV_h; Lrj ds` i;kZoj. ^cU|u
vehj nsækÍ ds` ^frfuf|Ro }kjk gh jksd`k
tk ld`rk gS\ orZeku i;kZoj.h; leL;k
t¥ok;q ifjorZu gh nqfu;k ds` leLr nsækÍ
ds` f¥, lcls vgeΩ leL;k gS] ;g leL;k
fo'o vkfƒZd` eanh ls Hh cÈMh leL;k gS\ ;s
mnxkj Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg
us 8–12 tq¥kbZ pkj fnu p¥s ¥kfDo¥k]
bV¥h lEes¥u eÍ G–8, G–5 ds` le”
j[s\ orZeku X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx] i;kZoj.
leL;k gsrq i;kZoj. ^cU|u rd`uhd`
‘X¥ksc¥ fefVxsæu ,≥M œ`kbuÍl eSds`-
fuTe’ d`ks viuk d`j fod`flr nsæ t¥ok;q
ifjorZu ij fu;U(. ik ld`rs gß\ bl
rd`uhd` eÍ vehj nsækÍ d`ks] xjhc nsækÍ d`ks
vius ;gk∑ mRltZu LrjkÍ eÍ d`eh ¥kus ds`
f¥, vko';d` |u ,oa i;kZoj. fe(
^kS»ksfxd`h mi¥C| d`jkuh gksxh\ blh rjg
vehj nsækÍ (G–8 lewg‚ d`ks mRltZu Lrj
d`ks pj.c* o"Z 2020 rd` ?Vkd`j
1990 ds` Lrj ·20 ^frær d`eh‚] 2050
rd` 50 ^frær ds` Lrj ¥kuk gksxk\
i;kZoj.oknh fiN¥s d`kœ`h le; ls
i~Foh d`k rkieku cÈ<kus ok¥h vkSj t¥ok;q
ifjorZu d`ks vatke nsus ok¥h xzhu gkml
xSlkÍ d`k mRltZu d`e d`jus ds` i” eÍ
ekgkS¥ cuk jgs gß\ gekjh t¥ok;q fujUrj
ifjofrZr gks jgh gS blls fo'o d`h 10
^frær tula“;k lad`V eÍ gS\ xzhu gkml
xSlkÍ eÍ d`kcZu MkbvkWDlkbM] ehƒsu]
ukbV_l vkWDlkbM] D¥ksjksŒ¥ksjks d`kcZUl
vkfn ækfe¥ gß] ¥sfd`u pw∑fd` d`kcZu Mkb-
vkWDlkbM bueÍ ^eq[ Lƒku j[rh gß\
fo'o eÍ 7 d`jksÈM Vu ^fro"Z CO2 i~Foh ds`
ok;qe≥M¥ eÍ mRlftZr gksrh gS\ i;kZoj.
ij blh d`k ?krd` ^Hko gksrk gS] blf¥,
xzhu gkml xSlkÍ eÍ vkerkSj ij blh d`k
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/714
 ¥k[u ¯lg flufluokj
uke f¥;k tkrk gS\ ,sls eÍ i~Foh d`h t¥-
ok;q lad`V leL;k d`ks g¥ d`jus ds` f¥,
i;kZoj.fonΩ ,oa oSKkfud` ¥Ecs le; ls
,slh rd`uhd`h d`h [kst eÍ ƒs] ftlls fd`
¥ksxkÍ d`ks xzhu gkml xSlkÍ d`h ok;qe≥M¥
eÍ ekStwnxh ,oa o~f* d`k irk p¥ lds`\
‘d`kcZu d`kmUVj rd`uhd`’ bl fnæk eÍ
,d` ubZ [kst gS] tks feuV-nj-feuV xzhu
gkml xSlkÍ ds` mRltZu ds` ckjs eÍ crkrk
gS\ Mspls ,lsV eSusteÍV ds` eqf[;k ds`fou
ikdZ`j ·eSlkP;qlsVΩl baLVhVΩ;wV vkWœ`
VsDuks¥kWth‚ us foKku vkSj t¥ok;q
ifjorZu ds` lkƒ rk¥es¥ d`j twu eghus
eÍ d`kcZu d`kmUVj d`h [kst d`j lius d`ks
lkd`kj fd`;k gS\ LiÆV gS fd` ¥ksx] xzhu
gkml xSl d`k feuV-nj-feuV mRltZu
vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds` ^lkj. ls tkxÔd` gkÍxs\
∏t¥ok;q ifjorZ u fu;U(. gs r q
i;kZoj. ^cU|u] i;kZoj. laj”.] ekuo-
Hwfe] oU; ^k.h ,oa ^kd~`frd` lalk|ukÍ ds`
e÷; d`k;kZRed` lEcU|kÍ d`k uwru lehd`j.
i;kZoj.h; lalk|u
(Environmental Resources)
^kd~`frd` lalk|u (Natural Resources) ekuoh; lalk|u (Human Resources)
(A) vuohd`j.h; lalk|u # (A) lhfer lalk|u #
mnkgj.%oU; ^k.h] d`ks;¥k
(B) uohd`j.h; lalk|u #
mnkgj.%?kl] ou
(C) v”; lalk|u #
mnkgj.%ok;q] ^d`kæ] t¥ (B) vlhfer lalk|u #
(D) iqupZ∂`h; lalk|u #
mnkgj.%xSlÍ] |krq,a
^Lrqr d`jrk gS] ftlds` vUrxZr ^kd~`frd`
lalk|ukÍ ds` pkrq;Ziw.Z mi;ksx ds` f¥,
‘mRiknu%miHksx’ f∂`;kvkÍ d`ks foLr~r
ifj^s{; ds` Ôi eÍ ns[rk gS] bld`k ¥{;
”frd`kj.-miHksx ij fu;a(. ¥xkuk]
nq:i;ksx ls cpkuk] vuq^;ksx d`k fu;eu
d`juk] iqu#^;ksx d`ks ^J; nsuk rƒk Hkoh
mi;ksx gsrq lalk|ukÍ d`h cpr d`juk gS
,oa mud`k fuosæ d`juk gS\π
%fœ`js (Firey–1960)
i;kZoj. ^cU|u d`k vƒZ fod`kl d`h
f∂`;kvkÍ ds` f¥, i~Foh ds` uohd`j.h; o
vuohd`j.h; lalk|ukÍ d`k mi;ksx fu;ksftr
fof| ls d`juk] i~Foh ds` nq¥ZH o d`herh
lalk|ukÍ d`k ^cU|u vk|qfud`re oSKkfud`
rd`uhd` ls d`juk gS\ orZeku eÍ i~Foh d`h
ek( 5% lrg ij ekuo vkokl gS] ¥sfd`u
5 ^frær ekuokÍ ds` f∂`;kd`¥kikÍ us i~Foh
d`h t¥ok;q d`ks viw.hZ; ”fr igq∑pkbZ gS\
ekuo us vkfƒZd` fod`kl d`h gksÈM eÍ ekuoh;
vfroknh f∂`;kvkÍ us vifæÆV d`h ek(k
bruh o~gnΩ d`j nh gS fd` fuLrkj.
o ^kd~`frd` iqupZ∂`. ds` mijkUr Hh
tS o Hw - jlk;fud` p∂`kÍ [N2%p∂`]
O2%p∂`] CO2%p∂`] d`h ”erk d`ke;kc
ugÓ gks ik jgh gS\
i~Foh xzg d`h lqUnjrk] ftlds` ckjs eÍ
vkfn d`k¥ ls d`fo;kÍ us xk;k ƒk] ftlus
ekuo thou jgus ;ksX; cuk;k ƒk] og
i~Foh orZeku eÍ ∂`fed` Ökl o foukæ d`h
vksj vxzlj gS\ bl ∂`fed` foukæ d`k
d`kj.] vfr LokƒhZ ekuoh; f∂`;k,∑ gß\ ;s
vfroknh o vfu;ksftr ekuoh; f∂`;k,a
ekuo ,oa lEiw.Z i~Foh thou ds` fgr eÍ
ugÓ gß\ bu lHh ds` ifj.keLoÔi ekuo
LokLF; [rjs d`h vksj cÈ< pqd`k gS rƒk
vusd` u, o H;ad`j jksx ·MÍxw] fpd`u
xqfu;k∑] Lokbu Œ¥w] dS`Ulj] ,MΩl] riSfnd`‚
^d`V gks jgs gß\ buds` ^Hko ls cpus ds`
f¥, i;kZoj. ^cU|u vko';d` gh ugÓ
vifjgk;Z gS\
(i) j”.h; lalk|u\
mnkgj.%oU; tkfr;k∑
(ii) vuqj”.h; lalk|u\
mnkgj.%tax¥
(i) nq:i;ksx] mnkgj.%d`ks;¥k Jfed`
(ii) vifjorZuh;] mnkgj.%tax¥h tÈMh-
cwVh tkud`kjh ok¥h tutkfr;k∑
i;kZoj. ^cU|u
(Environmental Management)
i;kZoj. ^cU|u d`k rkRi;Z ekuoh;
fod`kl ds` f∂`;kd`¥kikÍ ,oa ^kd~`frd`
cgqewY; lalk|ukÍ d`k loksZ®e lkeatL; gS\
i~Foh ds` ^kd~`frd` lalk|ukÍ d`k ^;ksx bl
le; d`h loksZ®e oSKkfud` rd`uhd` ls
fd`;k tk, fd` i~Foh ds` ikfjfLƒfrd` rU(
d`k lUrq¥u d`k;e jgs rƒk ˜tkZ] vkfƒZd`
fod`kl ds` fuosæ ,oa fuxZe lHh d`k
xR;kRed` lUrq¥u (Dynamic Equilib-
rium) loksZ®e jgs\ i;kZoj. ^cU|u eÍ
LoLƒ okrkoj. d`ks cuk, j[us d`k loksZ®e
ekuoh; ^;kl fd`;k tkrk gS\ bu ^;klkÍ i;kZoj. ^cU|u ds` d`k;Z
eÍ UNO }kjk ?ksf"r i;kZoj. fnol 5 (Work of Environmental Management)
twu] i;kZoj. laj”. fnol 26 uoEcj ∂`\ lkekftd`-vkfƒZd` fod`kl ikfjfLƒfrd` lUrq¥u ds` i;kZoj. laj”.
vkfn gS\ mik; d`kuwu
i;kZoj. ^cU|u ds` ^eq[ ?Vd`% 1. vkfƒZd` fod`kl i;kZoj.h; d`her ij ugÓ Hw-jlk;u p∂` lq|kj ou laj”.
(i) ^ƒe%i~Foh ds` tSfod` lalk|ukÍ 2. lalk|ukÍ d`k ^;ksx iqutZuu ”erk rd` ekuo i;kZoj. lgthork e~nk laj”.
d`k ^cU|u 3. vuohd~`r lalk|ukÍ d`k ^;ksx nh?Z - uohu i;kZoj. ^kS»ksfxd`h [fut laj”.
(ii) f}rh;%ikfjfLƒfrd` lUrq¥u gsrq d`k¥hu ·vkus ok¥h ihfÈ<;kÍ ds` ^;ksx gsrq‚
i;kZoj.h; ^cU|u 4. ikfjfLƒfrd` lUrq¥u rd` gh ^;ksx vUrjkZÆV_h; d`Y;k. oU; ^k.h laj”.
(iii) r~rh;%vofæÆVkÍ ds` fuLrkj. 5. Lor# æqf*d`j. ”erk cuk, j[us rd` ekuo oU; tho lgokl t¥ laj”.
gsrq ^cU|u ^;ksx
ekuoh; Kku gh lalkj d`k lcls
egRoiw . Z ^kd~ ` frd` la l k|u gS vkS j i;kZoj. ^cU|u ds` fl*kUr fu;af(r d`juk\ blds` f¥, i;kZoj.
okLrfod` lad`V ^kd~`frd` lalk|ukÍ d`h (Principles of Environmental ^nw". ds` ekud`] i;kZoj. laj”.
d`eh u gksd`j] mfpr oSKkfud` rd`uhd` Management) d`kuwu vkfn d`ks d`Bksjrk ls ¥kxw
d`k vHko gS\ orZeku fo'o d`h fod`jk¥ 1. i~Foh ij ekuoh; vkfƒZd` fod`kl gsrq d`juk\
leL;k ·ikfjfLƒfrd` vlUrq ¥ u‚ d`k ,slh oSKkfud` rd`uhd`kÍ d`k ^;ksx 7. i;kZoj. tkxÔd`rk gsrq i;kZoj.
lek|ku] mfpr oSKkfud` rd`uhd` ds` d`juk] ftlls ikfjfLƒfrd` lUrq¥u fæ”k] æks|] ^pkj-^lkj d`juk\
^;ksx ls fd`;k tk ld`rk gS« tSls% d`k;e jgs\ 8. d`ks;¥k] tSo-bÛ|u] isV_ksf¥;e tSls
(i) t¥ ^nw". d`ks laæksf|r d`j 2. i~Foh ij ekuo thou d`h ew¥Hwr lekIr gksus ok¥s ,oa i;kZoj. ^nw"d`kÍ
mld`k vU;( ^;ksx lEHo gS\ vko';d`rkvkÍ d`h iwfrZ d`jrs gq, ou] ds` Lƒku ij v”; ˜tkZ lzksr ·lw;Z
(ii) vkstksu fNnz] i~Foh rkieku o~f* oU; ^k.h o ^kd~`frd` lalk|ukÍ ds` ^d`kæ] iou ˜tkZ] leqnzh ¥gj
ds` f¥, m®jnk;h xSlkÍ ·xzhu gkml‚ ds` foukæ d`ks fu;af(r d`juk\ ˜tkZ‚ o uohd`j.h; lzksrkÍ ls ˜tkZ
mRltZu ij fu;U(. d`jds`\ 3. ^kd~`frd` lalk|u%tho nksukÍ d`k lkE; ^kfIr d`ks cÈ<kok nsuk\
(iii) ;k(h okgu] vksVkseksckb¥kÍ ls cuk, j[us ds ` f¥, i;kZ o j. ^cU|u 9. ^d~`fr ds` Hw-jlk;u p∂`kÍ [N2%p∂`]
mRlftZr CO2 d`ks 21oÓ ænh d`h rd`uhd` d`h gjlEHo rd`uhd` ^;ksx d`juk\ O2%p∂`] CO2%p∂`] d`ks O;ofLƒr
·iqu# xSlks¥hu p∂`h; ifjorZu‚ ls okgukÍ 4. ^kd~`frd` vi?Vu d`ks Hh oSKkfud` d`jus ij ÷;ku nsuk\
eÍ gh ,d`f(r d`j vU;( ^;ksx fd`;k tk rd`uhd` o ekuoh; d`kS æ ¥ ls 10. ^d~`fr Ökl ·i;kZoj.-vi?Vu‚ d`k
ld`rk gS\ fu;fU(r d`juk\ rd`uhd`h Ökl ewY;kad`u le;-le;
bu mnkgj.kÍ ls LiÆV gS fd` i;kZoj. 5. i~Foh x~g ij tSfod`-vtSfod` f∂`;kvkÍ ij d`jrs jguk\
^cU|u eÍ i;kZoj. lUrq¥u ,oa vkfƒZd` ls i;kZoj. vi?Vu d`ks fu;af(r i;kZoj. ^cU|u d`k loZ^eq[ i”
fod`kl ds` e÷; lkE; Lƒkfir d`juk eq“; d`juk\ ^kd~`frd`-lalk|ukÍ d`k loksZ®e i;kZoj. fæ”k ,oa æks| gS\ bld`k d`k;Z
¥{; gksuk pkfg,\ i~Foh ds` lalk|ukÍ d`k ekuoh; mi;ksx\ i;kZoj. tkxÔd`rk] ^pkj-^lkj i;kZoj.
fu;ks t u] ^cU|u o lnq i ;ks x ^ƒe 6. i~Foh ds` tSfod`-vtSfod` lalk|ukÍ ds` fæ”k d`ks ew¥ fæ”k d`h fo"; lkexzh ds`
vko';d`rk gS\ vfu;ksftr nksgu ·nq:i;ksx‚ d`ks lkƒ tksÈMuk] uohu rd`uhd`h [kst]
i;kZoj.h; vi?Vu o ^nw". ij æks|
i;kZoj. ^cU|u ds` pkj pj. d`k;ksÛ d`ks cÈ<kok nsuk ^eq[ gS\ i;kZoj.
(Four Steps of Environment Management) ^cU|u eÍ i;kZoj. fæ”k d`ks lfEef¥r
∂`\ (A) ”s( p;u (B) æks| losZ”. (C) Ökl ewY;kad`u (D) Ökl iwfrZ mik; d`jus d`k mˆs ' ; i~ F oh ij leLr
1. t¥ ^cU|u ikfjfLƒfrd`h; ,sfrgkfld` ewY;kad`u i;kZoj. fæ”k ^lkj i;kZoj.h; f∂`;kvkÍ d`ks ¥sd`j fæ”.
tkrh; losZ”. ^fæ”. rd`uhd` vkfn ij d`k;Z fd`, tkrs
2. oU; ^k.h laj”. ikfjfLƒfrd`h; oxZ lkekftd` ewY;kad`u i;kZoj. æks|
gß\ i;kZoj.h; fæ”k ^fæ”. eÍ i;kZoj.h;
losZ”. leL;kvkÍ ·X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx] xzhu gkml
3. ou ^cU|u ifjoklkÍ d`k losZ”. vkfƒZd` gkfu ewY;ka- vke-tutkx~fr
^Hko] vkstksu fNnz] vE¥ o"kZ‚ d`k g¥
d`u [kstk tkrk gS\ mnkgj.%^nw". fu;U(.]
okfgr t¥ d`k æks|u] vofæÆV fuLrkj.
4. leqnzh tho ^cU|u uewuk vk|kj losZ”. ekuoh; mi;ksfxrk ljd`kjh d`kuwuh ^;kl
ij ewY;kad`u
vkfn\ i;kZoj. fæ”k] æks| o losZ”. d`k
^kjEH vUrjkZÆV_h; Lrj ij luΩ 1972
5. [fut rs¥ ^cU|u ^kd~`frd` lhekavkÍ d`k ifjokl guu ij ctV ^ko|ku LVkWd`gkse] ·LohMu‚ lEes¥u ls gqvk\
losZ”. ewY;kad`u orZeku eÍ la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` rRoko|ku
6. æfDr lalk|u egk}hih; vk|kj ij miHksDrk p∂`h; HfoÆ; d`h ;kstuk,a eÍ la;qDr jkÆV_ i;kZoj. d`k;Z∂`e
^cU|u losZ”. vk|kj ij ewY;kad`u (UNEP) d`h Lƒkiuk gqbZ\ blds` }kjk
7. ^nw". fu;U(. ikfjfLƒfrd` x.uk ck;kse vk|kj ij vUrjkZÆV_h; ^;kl xfBr æks| losZ”. n¥ eÍ 50 lnL;
^cU|u losZ”. ewY;kad`u æs" i~ÆB 758 ij
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/715
 lelkef;d` ¥s[
^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg d`h ;sd`kVsfjucxZ ;k(k
ew¥ æa?kbZ flDl jkÆV_kÍ ;kuh æa?kbZ
d`ksvkWijsæu vkWxZukbtsæu (SCO) d`k nks-
fnolh; fæ[j lEes¥u vkSj pkj nsækÍ
·czkth¥] Ôl] Hkjr vkSj phu‚ ;kuh
BRIC d`k ig¥k fæ[j lEes¥u Ôl d`h
;wjk¥ igkfÈM;kÍ ds` chp cls ækunkj ægj
;sd`kVsfjucxZ eÍ 15–16 twu d`ks lEiUu
gqvk\ nksukÍ cSBd`kÍ eÍ ^|kuea(h MkW\
eueksgu ¯lg us Hkx f¥;k\ ;g nwljh ckj
^|kuea(h d`k in l∑Hk¥us ds` ckn mud`h
ig¥h fonsæ ;k(k ƒh\ tgk∑ ,llhvks eÍ
Hkjr d`h mifLƒfr ikfd`Lrku] bZjku]
eaxksf¥;k d`h Hk∑fr i;Zos”d` ds` crkSj ƒh
vkSj vœ`xkfuLrku ftleÍ vfrfƒ ds` crkSj
vkeaf(r fd`;k x;k ƒk] tcfd` Jh¥ad`k o
cs¥kÔl d`ks okrkZ Hkxhnkj d`k ntkZ bl
fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ ^nku fd`;k x;k\ ogÓ
fczd` eÍ Hkjr us lnL; ds` Ôi eÍ Hkx
f¥;k\
,llhvks fæ[j lEes¥u
Lej.h; gS fd` ,llhvks d`h Lƒkiuk
2001 eÍ gqbZ ƒh vkSj Hkjr i;Zos”d` ds`
Ôi eÍ 2005 eÍ bleÍ ækfe¥ gqvk ƒk\ vc
rd` d`h 5 okf"Zd` cSBd`kÍ eÍ Hkjr cjkcj
Hkx ¥srk jgk gS] ijUrq ig¥h ckj mPp
Lrj ij ^|kuea(h us bl lEes¥u eÍ Hkx
f¥;k\ ;g lEes¥u Hkjr ds` f¥, bl Ôi eÍ
Hh egRoiw.Z gS fd` Lo;a ,llhvks us vius
d`ksj ,tÍMs eÍ i;Zos”d` ds` crkSj Hkjr d`h
egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k js[kafd`r d`h gS\ ;g Hh
mY¥s[uh; gS fd` Hkjr d`k ,llhvks ds`
^fr lSU; rƒk lkefjd` j.uhfr rƒk
jktuhfrd` eqnΩnkÍ ls d`ksbZ ¥xko ugÓ gS]
cfYd` og bl laxBu ds` nsækÍ ds` lkƒ
O;kikj] vkfƒZd` vkSj lkaLÎ`frd` lEcU|kÍ
d`h etcwrh d`k i”|j gS\ ,llhvks ds`
jkV_k÷;”kÍ d`ks vius mnΩcks|u eÍ ^|kuea(h
MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg us ekStwnk oSf'od` fo®h;
lad`V d`k mY¥s[ d`jrs gq, ikjLifjd`
vkfƒZd` lg;ksx cÈ<kd`j fVd`k˜ fod`kl
d`h vo|kj.k d`ks Bksl vkd`kj nsus d`h
vko';d`rk trkbZ\ vkrad`okn] d`VΩVjrk-
oknh fopkj|kjk vkSj xSj-d`kuwuh rjhds` ls
uæh¥s inkƒksÛ d`h rLd`jh d`ks lnL; nsækÍ
gsrq ?krd` crkrs gq, ^|kuea(h us laxBu ds`
nsækÍ eÍ vkilh rk¥es¥ ij c¥ fn;k]
rkfd` ekStwnk oSf'od` `vkfƒZd` lad`V d`ks
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/716
 fxjhæ pUnz ik≥Ms
csgrj vkfƒZd` lg;ksx eÍ cn¥k tk lds`\
^|kuea(h d`k LiÆV er ƒk fd` ekStwnk
oSf'od` vkfƒZd` lad`V ls fiN¥h vkfƒZd`
mi¥fC|;kÍ d`ks [rjk gS] `blf¥, lnL;
nsækÍ ds` lkƒ i;Zos”d`kÍ d`ks fe¥d`j fo®h;
laLƒkvkÍ vkSj fo'o d`k lapk¥u d`j jgs
laxBukÍ eÍ lq|kj ds` ^;kl d`jus pkfg,]
rkfd` cn¥rh ifjfLƒfr;kÍ ls eqd`kc¥k
fd`;k tk lds`\ ^|kuea(h us Lƒk;h fod`kl ds`
fl*kUr d`ks ,d` Bksl vkd`kj nsus eÍ tjk Hh
nsj u d`jus vkSj fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`ks
fo®h; lalk|ukÍ vkSj foæs"d`j vkbZ Vh]
˜tkZ] ifjogu] fofuekZ. vkSj Î`f" ”s( eÍ
i;kZoj. vuqdw`¥ VsDukW¥ksth d`h vko-
';d`rk ij Hh tksj fn;k\ mUgkÍus ,llhvks
ds` ikl ekStwnk foæk¥ cÈMk cktkj] foLr~r
vkS » ks f xd` vk|kj] ^frHkæk¥h ekuo
lalk|u rƒk bu lcls ˜ij jktuhfrd`
bPNk æfâ` d`k mY¥s[ d`jrs gq, buds`
leqfpr nksgu ij Hh tksj fn;k\ vkrad`okn
d`k mY¥s[ d`jrs gq, blds` mUew¥u gsrq
Hh ,llhvks ls vkxzg fd`;k\
fæ[j lEes¥u
d`h estckuh d`jrs
gq, Ôl ds` jkÆV_ifr
fnfe(h esnonso us
vius mnΩ?kVu
Hk". eÍ Hkoh lg-
;ksx ds`` f¥,` ^kƒ-
fed`rkvkÍ d`k fu|kZj. d`jrs gq, ”s(h;
lqj”k vkSj oSf'od` fo®h; lad`V ij ppkZ
æqÔ d`h vkSj i;Zos”d` jkÆV_kÍ d`ks iw.Z
lnL; ds` Ôi eÍ lEes¥u eÍ ækfe¥ d`jus
d`k ^Lrko fd`;k\ Ôl ds` jkÆV_ifr d`k ;g
d`ƒu mY¥s[uh; gS fd` fcuk ikfd`Lrku eÍ
vkrad`okn d`k mUew¥u fd`, vœ`xkfuLrku
eÍ vkrad`okn ij d`kcw ugÓ ik;k tk
ld`rk\ bleÍ nks jk; ugÓ fd` ,llhvks eÍ
Hkjr] Ôl vkSj phu d`h foæs" Hwfed`k gS]
ijUrq blds` lkƒ gh ;g okLrfod`rk gS fd`
bZjku] vœ`xkfuLrku] ikfd`Lrku rƒk
Hkjr tSls jkÆV_kÍ ds` ,llhvks ds` iw.Z
lnL; cu tkus ls vkrad`okn ds` mUew¥u
ds` ^;klkÍ eÍ rsth vk ld`rh gS vkSj bu
nsækÍ eÍ mi¥C| vikj ˜tkZ] [fut
lEink rƒk ekuo æfâ` d`k ;ƒksfpr nksgu
gksd`j ,llhvks fod`kl d`k ,d` ekWM¥ cu
ld`rk gS\
lEes¥u ds` nkSjku ,llhvks ds`
usrkvkÍ }kjk vkrad`okn ds ` f[¥kœ` le>kSrs
ij gLrk”j d`juk Hh egRoiw.Z gS ftleÍ
vkrad`okn fujks|h c¥kÍ ds` ^fæ”. rƒk
vUrjkZÆV_h; lqj”k vkSj lwpuk lg;ksx ij
tksj gS\ mY¥s[uh; gS fd` ,llhvks ds`
nsækÍ eÍ v¥d`k;nk d`k vlj xEHhj fpUrk
d`k fo"; gS tks e÷; ,fæ;k vkSj iwohZ phu
rd` œS`¥k gS\ Ôl d`k cÈMk b¥kd`k vkrad`okn
d`h pisV eÍ gS ftl rjg ds` rkf¥cku
ge¥s ikfd`Lrku ds` if'peks®j b¥kds` eÍ
gks jgs gß oSls gh mTcsfd`Lrku vkSj iwohZ
phu eÍ vDlj gksrs jgrs gß\ ;g Hh
mY¥s[uh; gS fd` v¥d`k;nk ls fuiVus
vkSj vœ`xkfuLrku d`h gk¥r lq|kjus eÍ
bZjku d`h Hwfed`k lokZf|d` egRoiw.Z fl* gks
ld`rh gS\ pw∑fd` vejhd`k Hh v¥d`k;nk ls
lgek gqvk gS] blf¥, vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr
cjkd` vksckek d`h d`kfgjk eÍ vius mnΩcks|u
eÍ eql¥ekukÍ ds` ^fr fn[kbZ xbZ lnkæ;rk
eÍ v^R;” Ôi ls bZ j ku ls vius
ikjLifjd` lEcU|kÍ eÍ lq|kj ¥kus d`h bPNk
gh ifj¥f”r gksrh gS\ blds` v¥kok]
,llhvks ds` lnL;kÍ ds` fo®h; laLƒkvkÍ d`h
vf|d` fuxjkuh vkSj vUrjkZÆV_h; lg;ksx
ij Hh tksj fn;k\ mUgkÍus ,d` ,slh fuÆi”
vkSj rdZ`laxr vUrjkZÆV_h; fo®h; O;oLƒk
d`k;e d`jus d`k vkÿku fd`;k tks fo'o
leqnk; ds` lkƒ da`|s-ls-da`|k fe¥kd`j
p¥s\ fæ[j lEes¥u ds` ckn tkjh lk>k
c;ku eÍ lqj”k ds` ^fr cÈ<rs [rjkÍ] oSf'od`
[k» lad`V] [k» lqj”k vkSj t¥ok;q
ifjorZu tSls vke ¥ksxkÍ ds` thou ls tqÈMs
”s(h; vkSj vUrjkZÆV_h; eke¥kÍ d`k ^Hkoh
funku r¥kæus d`h eg®k Hh js[kafd`r d`h
xbZ\
fczd` fæ[j lEes¥u
fæ[j lEes¥u ds` nkSjku fo'o d`h
pkj lcls cÈMh vƒZO;oLƒk d`k ^frfuf|Ro
d`jus ok¥s fczd` us fo'o ds` fod`flr jkÆV_kÍ
ls vUrjkZÆV_h; fo®h; laLƒkvkÍ ds` usr~Ro eÍ
viuk fgLlk ek∑xk\ ;s nsæ vUrjkZÆV_h;
ekSfnzd`-^.k¥h eÍ Hh œs`jcn¥ ds` bPNqd`
fn[s\ blds` v¥kok] bu nsækÍ us tSfod`
bÛ|u d`ks ¥sd`j fod`flr nsækÍ d`h gksÈM ij
Hh fpUrk O;â` d`h vkSj bl lEcU| eÍ
,d` ikjnæhZ uhfr d`h tÔjr Hh crkbZ\
;g ig¥k ekSd`k ƒk tc tSfod` bÛ|u ds`
el¥s ij fd`lh cgqi”h; eap ls fopkj-
foeæZ gqvk\ bld`k d`kj. lEHor# Î`f"
vƒZO;oLƒk vkSj [k» lqj”k ds` ^fr
lnL;kÍ }kjk fpfUrr gksuk gS\ blhf¥,
mUgkÍus tSo bÛ|u mRiknu d`ks [k» lqj”k
d`h d`lkSVh ij d`lus d`k vkÿku fd`;k
rƒk Î`f" vƒZO;oLƒk vkSj [k» lqj”k
ij v¥x–v¥x ^Lrko ikfjr fd`,\ fczd`
us la;qâ` jkÆV_ eÍ lqj”k ifj"nΩ gsrq Hkjr
vkSj czkth¥ d`h Lƒk;h lnL;rk ds` nkos
d`k Hh leƒZu fd`;k\ Lej. jgs fd` fczd`
ds` æs" nks nsæ Ôl vkSj phu ig¥s gh
lqj”k-ifj"nΩ eÍ Lƒk;h lnL; ds` Ôi eÍ
ækfe¥ gß\
;g Hh mY¥s[uh; gS fd` gk¥ eÍ fczd`
nsækÍ us vkbZ,e,œ` eÍ viuh ftEesnkjh
cÈ<kd`j viuh gSfl;r d`k eku fo'o ds`
nsækÍ d`ks d`jk;k gS\ pkjkÍ nsækÍ ds` ikl
MkW¥j d`k vPNk H≥Mkj Hh gS\ blf¥, os
oSf'od` eanh d`k lkeuk d`jus eÍ d`kœ`h gn
rd` l”e Hh gq, gß\ vc mud`k fopkj
,d`- nwljs ds` ck∑MkÍ rƒk eqnzkvkÍ d`h [jhn d`k
Hh gS] rkfd` vejhd`h MkW¥j ij fuHZjrk
?Vs vkSj ”s(h; d`jÍlh d`ks ^ksRlkgu fe¥s\
Ôlh jkÆV_ifr fnfe(h esnonso us ‘lqij-
usæu¥ d`jÍlh’ ds` l~tu ij tksj fn;k tks
MkW¥j d`ks pqukSrh nsus eÍ l”e gks lds`\
Ôlh jkÆV_ifr us phu lfgr vU; æa?kbZ
lewg ds` nsækÍ d`ks Hh vkÿku fd`;k fd` os
vius ikjLifjd` O;kikj eÍ ,d`-nwljs d`h
d`jÍlh d`k mi;ksx d`jÍ\ lEes¥u eÍ mud`k
;g vkÿku Hh egRoiw.Z gS fd`` fczd` nsæ
fo'o ds` vkfƒZd` lad`V d`k lek|ku [kstÍxs
vkSj u, <ax ls fo®h; O;oLƒk d`jÍxs\ bl
gsrq fczd` nsækÍ ds` cßd`lZ vkSj vU; fo®h;
fczd` (BRIC) fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ czkth¥ ds`
jkÆV_ifr ¥w¥k fM flYok] Ôlh jkÆV_ifr
nfe(h esnosnso] phuh jkÆV_ifr gw ¯trkvks
o Hkjrh; ^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg
vf|d`kjh vkilh fopkj-foeæZ ls Bksl
d`k;Z;kstuk rS;kj d`j mls vkxkeh th –20
d`h cSBd` eÍ ^Lrqr d`jÍsxs\ fu#lUnsg nqfu;k
d`h thMhih eÍ egRoiw.Z ;ksxnku nsus ok¥s
fczd` nsækÍ eÍ fo'o ds` fod`kl d`k batu
cuus d`h iwjh lEHkouk gS\ fczd` nqfu;k ds`
lcls cÈMs mRiknu ”s( vkSj cktkj `d`k
^frfuf|Ro d`jrk gS\ bls bl rF; ls Hh
le>k tk ld`rk gS fd` tgk∑ oSf'od` eanh
ds` ckotwn Hkjr vkSj phu d`h thMhih
fod`kl nj ∂`eæ# 4 ^frær vkSj 6 ^frær
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/717
jgh] ogÓ th–8 ds` |uh vkSj le~* nsækÍ eÍ
eanh cjd`jkj jgh\ ,d` vuqeku ds` vuqlkj
2003 ls vc rd` fczd` ds` d`kjksckj eÍ
¥xHx 500 ^frær d`h cÈ<ksrjh gqbZ gS
vkSj nqfu;k d`h ¥xHx 65 ^frær ^xfr
d`k Js; fczd` d`ks tkrk gS\
^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg us fczd`
lEes¥u eÍ vius lEcks|u eÍ ftu egRoiw.Z
fcUnqvkÍ ij lnL; nsækÍ d`k ÷;ku vkÎ`ÆV
fd`;k os gß% MCY;wVhvks d`h nksgk okrkZ
tYnh lEiUu gks] O;kikj ij vuko';d`
ikcafn;k∑ [Re gkÍ] fo'o d`ks fo®h; lad`V
ls cpkus gsrq iwoZ psrkouh ^.k¥h d`k
fod`kl fd`;k tk, rƒk fo'o cßd` rƒk
vkbZ,e,œ` ljh[h vUrjkZÆV_h; fo®h;
laLƒkvkÍ d`k iquxZBu gks ftleÍ erkf|d`kj
ij foæs" tksj fn;k x;k\ d`guk u gksxk
fd` vHh th –8 lnL;kÍ ds` ikl vU; nsækÍ
ls T;knk erkf|d`kj gS ftl otg ls os
bu laLƒkvkÍ d`k mi;ksx vius fgr lk|u
eÍ d`jrs vk, gß\
^|kuea(h d`h brj okrkZ
nksukÍ lEes¥ukÍ ds` nkSjku ^|kuea(h us
,llhvks vkSj fczd` nsækÍ ds` jkÆV_k÷;”kÍ ls
brj okrkZ Hh d`h\ Ôl eÍ fo'o ds` ehfM;k
d`feZ;kÍ d`h mifLƒfr eÍ gh ikfd`Lrku ds`
jkÆV_ifr vkflœ` v¥h tjnkjh ds` lkƒ
ds`o¥ vkrad`okn d`k eqnΩnk mBkrs gq,
^|kuea(h us nks Vwd` æCnkÍ eÍ d`gk fd`
ikfd`Lrku us ftl ^d`kj d`h ^frc*rk
vius nsæ eÍ rkf¥cku rƒk v¥d`k;nk ls
fuiVus eÍ fn[kbZ gS] oSlh gh og Hkjr
ds` f[¥kœ` mld`h tehu ls lapkf¥r
vkrad`oknh xfrfof|;kÍ ds` fo:* fn[k,\
^|kuea(h d`k ;g Hh d`guk ƒk fd` ;fn
ikfd`Lrku okLro eÍ ækfUr ds` jkLrs ij
p¥us d`k lkgl] ^frc*rk vkSj dw`Vuhfrd`
lw>cw> fn[k,] rks Hkjr nksxqus ^;kl ls
vkxs cÈ<us d`ks rS;kj gS\ mY¥s[uh; gS fd`
nksukÍ usrkvkÍ ds` chp æh"Z Lrj d`h okrkZ
26/11 ds` eqEcbZ ge¥s ds` ckn ig¥h ckj
gqbZ\ blf¥, iwjh ckrphr eqEcbZ ge¥s vkSj
lhek ikj vkrad`oknh xfrfof|;kÍ ij gh
ds`fUnzr jgh\ ^|kuea(h us eqEcbZ vk∂`e.
ds` ^eq[ vkjksih vkSj tekr–mn–nkok ds`
eqf[;k eksgEen lbZn d`h fjgkbZ ij Hh
fujkæk O;â` d`h\ lkƒ gh vkrad`okn ds`
el¥s ij nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` fonsæ lfpokÍ d`h
æh?z gh cSBd` vk;ksftr d`jus d`k fu.Z;
f¥;k\ Lej.h; gS fd` Hkjr vkSj ikfd`Lrku
ds` chp lEcU|kÍ eÍ ruko d`k eq“; d`kj.
vkrad`okn gh gS ftl otg ls 2004 eÍ
^kjEH d`h xbZ lexz okrkZ 2007 eÍ vkd`j
:d` xbZ\ tSlkfd` fofnr gh gS fd` 2004 eÍ
rRd`k¥hu jkÆV_ifr ijost eqæjZœ` ds` lkƒ
Hkjr ds` f¥f[r d`jkj gksus ds` ckotwn fd`
ikfd`Lrku d`h |jrh d`k bLrsek¥ Hkjr ds`
fo:* ugÓ fd`;k tk,xk] ikfd`Lrku
cjkcj vius nsæ d`h [Lrk gk¥ ls turk
d`k ÷;ku caVkus gsrq d`'ehj d`k jkx
v¥kirk jgk gS vkSj bl cgkus ikfd`Lrku
fLƒr vkrad`okfn;kÍ d`ks Hkjr eÍ vkrad`oknh
xfrfof|;k∑ œS`¥kus gsrq ^sfjr d`jrk gS\
blds` v¥kok] ^|kuea(h us Ôl]
phu] czkth¥ rƒk e÷; ,fæ;k ds` pkjkÍ nsækÍ
ds` lkƒ vkilh fgr ds` el¥kÍ ij ikjLifjd`
fopkj-foeæZ fd`;k vkSj lEcU|kÍ eÍ vkSj
?fuÆBrk ¥kus d`h opuc*rk O;â` d`h\
phu ds` jkÆV_ifr gw fturkvks ds` lkƒ
viuh eq¥kd`kr eÍ lhek ls lEc* eqˆkÍ ij
nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` ^frfuf|;kÍ ds` chp 7 vxLr
d`ks gksus ok¥h ckrphr d`h Ôijs[k r; d`h
xbZ\
fczd` nsæ vkSj Hkjr
Hkjr vkSj czkth¥%czkth¥ ds` lkƒ
Hkjr ds` lEcU| lkSgknZiw.Z jgs gß vkSj
nksukÍ nsæ fo'o d`h mHjrh vƒZO;oLƒk d`k
^frfuf|Ro d`jrs gß\ fczd` ds` v¥kok nksukÍ
nsæ bClk] th–20, th –5, th–8 vkSj
MCY;wVhvks tSlh laLƒkvkÍ ls tqÈMs gß vkSj
fo'o eap ij viuh lf∂`; Hwfed`k d`k
fuoZgu d`j jgs gß\ czkth¥ ds` jkÆV_ifr
¥w¥k fM flYok d`k LiÆV er gS fd` fo'o
iV¥ eÍ mHjrs nks egRoiw.Z fod`klæh¥
nsækÍ d`ks fo'okl eÍ f¥, fcuk ubZ oSf'od`
vkfƒZd` O;oLƒk d`h d`Yiuk ugÓ d`h tk
ld`rh\ vUrjkZÆV_h; O;kikfjd` ”s( eÍ nksukÍ
nsækÍ ds` cÈ<rs egÂo d`ks ÷;ku eÍ j[rs gq,
czkth¥ ds` jkÆV_ifr d`k ;g Hh ekuuk gS
fd` cÈMs ;kuh fod`flr nsækÍ d`ks gekjs lkƒ
cSBuk pkfg, vkSj gels vkilh ¥su–nsu
lqfuf'pr d`juk pkfg,\
;»fi Hkjr d`k czkth¥ ds` lkƒ
f}i”h; O;kikj vkækuqÔi ugÓ gS] œ`¥r#
og Hkjr ds` eq“; O;kikfjd` HkxhnkjkÍ eÍ
ækfe¥ ugÓ gS] ijUrq bl fnæk eÍ nsækÍ d`h
vksj ls ^;kl tkjh gß\ Hkjr rƒk czkth¥
}kjk la;qâ` Ôi ls xfBr eq“; d`k;Zik¥d`
vf|d`kfj;kÍ ds` eap eÍ f}i”h; O;kikj d`ks
2010 rd` 10 fcf¥;u MkW¥j rd` ¥s tkus
d`k ¥{; fu|kZfjr fd`;k gS\ vHh nksukÍ
nsækÍ ds` chp O;kikj ¥xHx 2·4 fcf¥;u
MkW¥j gS\ Lej.h; gS fd` bl eap eÍ nksukÍ
ds` O;kolkf;d` leqnk; ds` ¥ksx ækfe¥ gß\
geÍ czkth¥ ds` lkƒ f}i”h; O;kikj d`ks
cÈ<kus gsrq O;kikj eÍ fofo|rk ¥kuh gksxh
tks vHh d`e ewY; of|Zr mRiknkÍ rd`
lhfer gS\ czkth¥ }kjk Hkjr d`ks vius
nsæ eÍ fod`flr tSo-bÛ|u VsDuks¥kWth ds`
gLrkUrj. ij lgefr O;â` d`h xbZ gS tks
[qæh d`h ckr gS\ lkƒ gh Î`f" iSnkokj eÍ
Hh Hkjr ds` lkƒ czkth¥ lg;ksx d`k
bPNqd` gS\ fu#lUnsg Hkjr d`ks bu nksukÍ
”s(kÍ eÍ lg;ksx d`h njd`kj gS\ ;g Hh
mY¥s[uh; gS fd` Hkjr czkth¥ d`ks
œ`kekZL;wfVd`Yl ”s( eÍ lg;ksx ds` v¥kok
bUthfu;¯jx ”s( eÍ lg;ksx d`j ld`rk gS\
nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` chp [k» ^laLd`j.] vkWVks
d`¥ iqtsZ] [uu] ukxj foekuu] fpfd`Rlk
miLd`j] vk|kjHwr lajpuk ”s( vkSj js¥os
miLd`jkÍ eÍ Hh lg;ks x d`h i;kZ I r
lEHkouk,a gß\ mY¥s[uh; gS fd` czkth¥
d`h [k» ^laLd`j. ds` ”s( eÍ Hh egkjr
gkfl¥ gS\ Hkjr tgk∑ dq`¥ mRiknu d`k
2 ``^frær ^laLd~`r d`j ikrk gS ogÓ
czkth¥ ¥xHx 70 ^frær ^laLÎ`r d`jrk
gS\ tgk∑ rd` ˜tkZ ds` ”s( eÍ ikjLifjd`
lg;ksx d`k ^'u gS Hkjr d`h vks,uthlh
rƒk czkth¥ d`h isV_ksczkl ds` chp le>kSrk
ig¥s gh gks pqd`k gS\ ftlds` rgrΩ Hkjr
rƒk czkth¥ ds` leqnzh rVh; [≥MkÍ ds`
nksgu eÍ lgefr cuh gS\ czkth¥ ds` lkƒ
fiN¥s 4 o"ksÛ eÍ j”k] vUrfj”] foKku
vkSj ^kS»ksfxd`h] i;ZVu] laLÎ`fr rƒk tSo
bÛ|u tSls fofHUu ”s(kÍ eÍ 41 le>kSrs
fuÆiUu fd`, x, gß\
Hkjr vkSj Ôl%Hkjr vkSj Ôl ds`
chp ?fuÆB lEcU|kÍ d`k vanktk ^|kuea(h
MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg ds` ml oDrO; ls ¥xk;k
tk ld`rk gS ftleÍ mUgkÍus Ôl d`ks ∏tk∑pk–
ij[k fe(π d`gk gS\ Ôl tgk∑ Hkjr d`ks
la;qâ` jkÆV_ eÍ lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ Lƒk;h
lnL; ds` Ôi eÍ ækfe¥ d`jus d`k i”|j
jgk gS] ogÓ Hkjr fiN¥s 16 o"ksÛ ls Ôl d`h
MCY;wVhvks eÍ lgHkfxrk ds` f¥, ^;kljrΩ
gS\ xkSjr¥c gS fd` Ôl vHh MCY;wVhvks
d`k lnL; ugÓ cuk gS\ ;»fi gk¥ eÍ rs¥
d`h d`herkÍ eÍ Hkjh fxjkoV ls isV_ks jkÆV_
cuus eÍ Ôl d`ks fnDd`r eglwl gks jgh gS]
ijUrq ;g Hh gd`hd`r gS fd` gkbM_ksd`kcZu
ds` foæk¥ H≥Mkj d`h otg ls gh fo?Vu
ds` ckn Vqd`ÈMkÍ eÍ c∑Vk rRd`k¥hu lksfo;r
la? ftls ckn eÍ Ôl uke ls tkuk x;k]
l∑H¥k gS vkSj mlus viuh vkfƒZd` fLƒfr
etcwr cukbZ\ pw∑fd` Ôl ^kÎ`frd` lalk|ukÍ]
mitk˜ [srh vkSj |krqvkÍ ds` eke¥s eÍ
le~* gS\ lkssus ds` foæk¥ H≥Mkj ds` lkƒ
gh bekjrh ¥d`ÈMh d`h ogk∑ ^pqjrk gS]
ukfHd`h; rƒk felkb¥ egkæfâ` ds` Ôi
eÍ mld`h x.uk d`h tkrh gS blf¥, Hkjr
d`h Ôl ds` lkƒ vHh lg;ksx d`h vf|d`
lEHkouk gS \ Î`f" ^|ku vƒZO;oLƒk ok¥s
Hkjr nsæ eÍ Hh ^kÎ`frd` lalk|ukÍ ds`
vikj lzksr gß vkSj Hkjr d`h ;qok æfâ` d`k
lsok ”s( eÍ ;ksxnku txtkfgj gS] blf¥,
Hkjr ds` lkƒ ?fuÆB lEcU| Ôl ds` f¥,
Hh mi;ksxh gß\
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/718
ijUrq blds` ckotwn Hkjr vkSj Ôl
ds` chp vHh f}i”h; O;kikj d`ks cÈ<kus d`h
tÔjr gS\ nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` chp O;kikfjd`
vÈMpukÍ eÍ mfpr d`usfDVfoVh d`k vHko
vkSj ohtk ^f∂`;kvkÍ d`h tfV¥rk d`k gksuk
gS\ fœ`j Hh nksukÍ ns æ vius ekStwnk f}i”h;
O;kikj d`ks 3 fcf¥;u MkW¥j ls cÈ<kd`j
2010 rd` 10 fcf¥;u MkW¥j rd` ¥s tkus
d`ks ^frc* gß\
Hkjr vkSj phu%;g lR; gS fd`
gekjh reke lnΩHkoukvkÍ ds` ckotwn phu
d`k joS;k gekjs ^fr lkSgknZiw.Z ugÓ jgk gS\
fœ`j pkgs og v:.kp¥ ^nsæ d`k lhek
fookn gks] ,u,lth ;k ,fæ;kbZ fod`kl
cßd` d`h cSBd` ;k la;qâ` jkÆV_ eÍ lqj”k
ifj"nΩ eÍ Hkjr d`h Lƒk;h lnL;rk d`k
eke¥k\ phu vkt Hh v:.kp¥ ^nsæ d`ks
Hkjr d`k vax ugÓ ekurk\ blf¥, mlus
v:.kp¥ ^nsæ eÍ iufct¥h ifj;kstuk
gsrq Hkjr }kjk ,fæ;kbZ fod`kl cßd` ls
ek∑xs tkus ok¥s 60 fef¥;u MkW¥j d`tZ d`k
fojks| fd`;k vkSj cßd` ij ;g ncko Hh
cuk;k fd` og Hkjr d`ks 2·9 fcf¥;u
MkW¥j d`h fod`kl fuf|;kÍ ds` laforj. eÍ
lko|kuh cjrs\ Lej. jgs fd` vejhd`k
vkSj tkiku ds` ckn ,fæ;kbZ fod`kl cßd`
Hkjr d`k lcls cÈMk Mksuj gS\ phu us
Hkjr d`ks ;g Hh |ed`h nh gS fd` Hkjr
bl ”s( eÍ viuh lSU; mifLƒfr u cÈ<k,
vU;ƒk phu Hh cn¥s d`h d`kjZokbZ d`jus
ds` f¥, fooæ gksxk\ ;gk∑ mY¥s[ d`juk
^klafxd` gksxk fd` Hkjr us vHh phu lhek
ls ¥xs rstiqj eÍ Hkjrh; ok;qlsuk ds`
pkj vR;k|qfud` lq[ksbZ–30 ¥ÈMkdw` foekukÍ
d`ks rSukr fd`;k gS\ ;g Hh mY¥s[uh; gS
fd` Hkjr–phu ds` chp lhek el¥s ij
foæs" ^frfuf|;kÍ ds` chp 13 oÍ nkSj d`h
ckrphr fiN¥s flrEcj ekg ls :d`h gS\
blls ig¥s okrkZ ds` 12 nkSj lEiUu gks
pqds` gß\ okrkZ eÍ vojks| d`k d`kj.
v:.kp¥ ^nsæ ds` rokax b¥kds` eÍ phu
}kjk viuk nkok ^Lrqr d`juk gS\ blls
T;knk vk'p;Z d`h ckr vkSj D;k gksxh fd`
Hkjr us phu d`ks la;qâ` jkÆV_ d`h lqj”k
ifj"nΩ eÍ Lƒk;h lnL;rk gsrq fcuk ærZ
leƒZu nsd`j lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` 5 Lƒk;h
lnL;kÍ eÍ lfEef¥r d`j fn;k] ¥sfd`u tc
Hkjr d`h ckjh vkbZ rks og mld`k fojks|
d`j jgk gS\ blds` v¥kok] phu] v:.kp¥
^nsæ d`ks frCcr HwHkx d`k vax ekud`j
rokax ij gd` tekus d`h d`ksfææ d`jrk
jgk gS\ phu ds` lkƒ Hkjr d`k lhek
fookn fczfVæ jkt d`h ∏œw`V Mk¥ks vkSj
æklu d`jksπ eukso~f® d`k œ`¥ gS ftlds`
rgrΩ uDæs ij rks eSd`eksgu js[k [Óp nh
xbZ] ¥sfd`u mls tehu ij ve¥h tkek
ugÓ iguk;k tk ld`k\ blds` v¥kok] phu
}kjk ufn;kÍ] foæs" Ôi ls cz©iq(] d`ks
eksÈMus d`h ;kstuk Hh [rjukd` gS\ fgek¥;
”s( eÍ phuh lsuk ihiqYl f¥cjsæu vkehZ
}kjk fu;fer Ôi ls vk∂`ked` x'r ¥xkuk
vkSj ljd`kjh fu;a(. ok¥s phuh ehfM;k eÍ
Hkjr ds` f[¥kœ` ge¥koj :[ viukuk
Hh Hkjr ds` f¥, fpUrk d`k d`kj. gS\
mY¥s[uh; gS fd` xaxk d`ks NksÈMd`j ,fæ;k
d`h reke cÈMh ufn;kÍ d`k mnΩxe Lƒ¥
phuh fu;a(. ok¥k frCcr ”s( gS\ blf¥,
phu }kjk ufn;kÍ ds` LokHkfod` cgko eÍ
O;o|ku iSnk d`jus ls Hkjr d`ks u ds`o¥
ikuh d`h raxh d`k lkeuk d`juk iÈMsxk
^R;qr blls ,d` vkSj fookn tUe ¥sxk\
viuh foLrkjoknh uhfr d`h otg ls gh
phu ds` lksfo;r la?] fo;ruke] tkiku]
rkboku] nf”. d`ksfj;k lHh ds` lkƒ
Vd`jko jgk gS\ phu us 1962 ds` ;q* eÍ
¥ˆk[ ij gekjh tehu ij d`Ctk tekus
ds` lkƒ gh mlus ikfd`Lrku ls Hkjr ds`
d`Cts ok¥s HwHkx d`k cÈMk fgLlk migkj
Ôi eÍ ^kIr fd`;k\ og ikfd`Lrku d`ks
næd`kÍ ls ækfUriw.Z mˆs'; gsrq rd`uhd`h
lwpuk mi¥C| d`jkus ds` cgkus 80 ds`
næd` ls ijek.q d`k;Z∂`ekÍ eÍ enn nsrk
jgk gS vkSj mlus ≠`kal] Ôl ls ijek.q
fj,DVj vk;kfrr d`j mUgÍ ikfd`Lrku d`ks
fn;k gS\ fuf'pr rkSj ij Hkjr d`ks phu ls
eqd`kc¥k d`jus gsrq cgqvk;keh ^;RukÍ d`h
tÔjr gS ftleÍ dw`Vuhfrd` ^;kl ds`
lkƒ gh vkfƒZd` vkSj lSU; rkd`r eÍ
cÈ<ksrjh d`juk ækfe¥ gS\
¥sfd`u bu lc xfrjks|kÍ ds` ckotwn
phu ds` lkƒ fiN¥s ¥xHx 10 o"ksÛ ls
lkefjd` rƒk vkfƒZd` ”s( eÍ ^xkÈ<rk vkbZ
gS\ nksukÍ nsækÍ d`h th–20, th –8 rƒk
MCY;wVhvks d`h cSBd`kÍ eÍ lf∂`; Hkxhnkjh
rƒk ogk∑ ij fopkjkÍ eÍ lkE;rk jgh gS\
MCY;wVhvks eÍ nksukÍ nsæ eqâ`] fuÆi”]
lerkiw.Z rƒk ikjnæhZ fu;e vk|kfjr
cgqi”h; O;kikj-^.k¥h ds` i”|j jgs gß\
vHh phu us Hkjr ls [srh d`h ubZ rd`uhd`
vkSj ekdsZ`¯Vx d`h tkud`kjh lh[us eÍ Hh
viuh mRlqd`rk fn[kbZ gS ftlls fu#lUnsg
nksukÍ nsækÍ d`h xjhch mUew¥u eÍ lgk;rk
fe¥sxh\ ig¥s gh Hkjr us phu ds` lqnwjorhZ
fiNÈMs ¯uxft;k ^kUr eÍ fd`lku ^fæ”. o
lwpuk ds`Unz Lƒkfir d`jus eÍ enn d`h gS\
fczd` lEes¥u ds` nkSjku vkilh lgefr ls
nksukÍ usrkvkÍ ds` chp gkWV ¥kbu Hh ^kjEH
gks xbZ gS\ nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` chp O;kikj d`ks
2010 rd` 60 fcf¥;u MkW¥j rd` ¥s tkus
d`k ¥{; gS\ xkSjr¥c gS fd` phu ds` lkƒ
f}i”h; O;kikj fiN¥s nks o"ksÛ eÍ nksxquk gqvk
gS vkSj 2008 rd` fu|kZfjr 20 fcf¥;u
vejhd`h MkW¥j ds` ¥{; d`ks le; ls nks
o"Z iwoZ ^kIr d`j f¥;k x;k gS\
n~fÆVd`ks.
fuÆd`"Z Ôi eÍ fczd` vkSj ,llhvks
fd`lh d`ks Hh ,d` ”s(h; vkfƒZd` leqnk;
ugÓ ekuk tk ld`rk\ ;s nksukÍ laLƒk,a æhr
;q* d`h lekfIr ds` ckn vkSj vejhd`k ds`
,d`|zqoh; vkf|iR; ls eqâ` gksd`j cgq|zqoh;
fo'o O;oLƒk d`h i”|j gß\ ¥sfd`u vejhd`k
ls bud`k d`ksbZ fojks| ugÓ gS\ lkƒ gh nksukÍ
lewg fo'o d`h vke leL;kvkÍ] ;ƒk%
egkekjh] ^kÎ`frd` vkink] ˜tkZ] t¥ok;q
ifjorZu] la;qâ` jkÆV_ eÍ lq|kj ds` v¥kok
vUrjkZÆV_h; fo® O;oLƒk ds` iquxZBu d`h
fgek;rh gS\ nksukÍ lewgkÍ eÍ Ôl tSls
fod`flr jkÆV_ ds` lkƒ nf”. ,fæ;k d`h
nks mHjrh vƒZO;oLƒk,a Hkjr vkSj phu
d`k tqÈMuk egRoiw.Z gS\ fczd` lewg ds` nsæ
u ds`o¥ fo'o d`h ¥xHx vk|h tula“;k
d`k ^frfuf|Ro d`jrs gß] cfYd` fo'o d`k
25 ^frær Hw-Hkx buds` vUrxZr vkrk gS\
fo'o d`h 40 ^frær d`h vkcknh d`ks vius
eÍ lesVs fczd` lewg d`k fo'o ds` thMhih eÍ
¥xHx 40 ^frær d`k ;ksxnku gS\ blf¥,
LoHkor# fczd` d`h lfEef¥r vkokt d`ks
utjvankt d`juk eqf'd`¥ gS\
^|kuea(h d`k bu nksukÍ lewgkÍ ds`
fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ Hkxhnkjh ls Hkjr ds`
Ôl vkSj phu ds` lkƒ gh e÷; ,fæ;k ds`
nwljs iÈMksfl;kÍ ds` lkƒ Hh lEcU| etcwr
gkÍxs] D;kÍfd` bu lHh nsækÍ ds` lkƒ Hkjr
ds` ikjLifjd` fgr tqÈMs gß] tSls%˜tkZ]
lqj”k] vk|kjHwr lajpuk] Î`f"] ifjogu]
foKku vkSj ^kS»ksfxd`h] fæ”k ds` ”s( eÍ
ikjLifjd` lg;ksx ds` lkƒ vkrad`okn vkSj
mxzokn ds` mUew¥u eÍ Hh ,llhvks ds`
lkƒ Hkjr d`h Hkxhnkjh egRoiw.Z lkfcr
gks ld`rh gS vkSj foæs"d`j bZjku rƒk
e÷; ,fæ;k ds` jkÆV_ gekjh ˜tkZ ek∑x d`h
iwfrZ d`j ld`rs gß\ d`tkfd`Lrku d`ks gh ¥Í\
ogk∑ ;wjsfu;e ds` foæk¥ H≥Mkj fNis gß\
blds` v¥kok Hkjr vk|kjHwr lajpuk ds`
”s( eÍ foæs"d`j lÈMd`] fo»qrΩ ”s( eÍ
e÷; ,fæ;k d`ks lgk;rk ^nku d`j ld`rk
gS] D;kÍfd` ogk∑ <k∑pkxr fod`kl d`h vHh
d`kœ`h lEHkouk,a gß\ blds` vfrfjâ`] Î`f"]
ifjogu] foKku vkSj ^kS»ksfxd`h] ekuo
lalk|u fod`kl ds` ”s( eÍ Hkjr bu nsækÍ
ds` lkƒ Hkxhnkjh d`j ld`rk gS\ tc 6
ekg iwoZ d`tkfd`Lrku ds` jkÆV_ifr Hkjr eÍ
26 tuojh d`ks foæs" vfrfƒ ds` Ôi eÍ
vk, ƒs] rks mUgkÍus xSl vk|kfjr moZjd`
I¥kaV d`tkfd`Lrku eÍ ¥xkus d`h ig¥ d`h
ƒh] rkfd` mud`k Î`f" fod`kl gks\ ;g Hh
egRoiw.Z gS fd` ,llhvks ds` 4 e÷; ,fæ;k
nsæ fod`klæh¥ jkÆV_kÍ eÍ vkrs gSß] tcfd`
Ôl o phu d`kœ`h vkxs fud`¥ pqds` gß
lEes¥u eÍ ,llhvks ds` lkƒ jhtu¥ ,aVh
VSjfjLV LV_Dpj ;kuh jSVΩl lfgr la;qâ`
lSU; v˙;kl d`juk Hh ^Lrkfor gS\ ;»fi
Ôl] phu ds` lkƒ Hkjr ds` lk>k v˙;kl
tkjh gß] ijUrq e÷; ,fæ;k ds` lkƒ Hh
;fn ;g ig¥ ^kjEH d`h tk,] rks Hkjr
d`ks vkrad`okn ds` fo:* lk>k ¥ÈMkbZ
¥ÈMus eÍ lgk;rk fe¥sxh\ blh ^d`kj fczd`
eÍ Hh czkth¥ rƒk Ôl ds lkƒ gekjs
lEcU| fujUrj ^xkÈ< gksrs jgs gß\ ;fn phu
ds` lkƒ v:.kp¥ ^nsæ d`k lhek fookn
lq¥> tk,] rks og fnu nwj ugÓ fd` fczd`
lewg fo'o ds` |uh vkSj le~* nsækÍ ds`
lewg th–8 ds` lkƒ d`nerk¥ fe¥kd`j
p¥us eÍ l”e gksxk\ ●●●
æs" i~ÆB 705 d`k
fuÆd`"Z
mi;qZDr foospu ls LiÆV gksrk gS fd`
efg¥kvkÍ d`ks lHh rjg ds` vf|d`kj fn,
tkus ds` ckotwn Hh efg¥kvkÍ ij æks".
,oa vR;kpkj tkjh gS\ vkt efg¥k,a vius
gh ?j eÍ lqjf”r ugÓ gß vkSj viukÍ ds`
}kjk gh æks". ,oa vR;kpkj d`k fæd`kj gS\
21oÓ lnh efg¥kvkÍ d`h lnh ekuh tk jgh
gS] fd`Urq ;g ckr rHh lp lkfcr gksxh
tc efg¥kvkÍ ds` lkekftd`] vkfƒZd`]
lkaLd~`frd` o jktuhfrd` fod`kl d`k ekxZ
^æLr gksxk vkSj muds` vf|d`kjkÍ d`k xzkœ`
˜∑pk mBsxk] fd`Urq ,slk rHh lEHo gS tc
iq:" d`h ekufld`rk ,oa n~fÆVd`ks. eÍ
cn¥ko vk,xk\ ●●●

dSV (CAT), eSV (MAT), ,e-ch-,-] cSad] la?k

,oa jkT; Ykksd lsok] ,Yk-vkbZ-lh-]
,l-,l-lh- rFkk vU; led{k ijh{kkvksa
ds fYk, mi;ksxh iqLrd
¥s[d` # ts\ ih\ nhf{kr
d`ksM ua\ 1492 ewY; # 55/-
^eq[ vkd`"Z.
✔ lkj.h;u (Tabulation)
✔ ikbZ-pkVZ (Pie-chart)
✔ n≥M vkjs[ (Bar Diagram)
✔ vk;r fp( (Histogram)
✔ odz` fp( (Curve Diagram)
vkfn d`k fo'¥s".
mid`kj izd`kæu] vkxjk%2
E-mail : publisher@upkar.in Website : www.upkar.in

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/719

 lelkef;d` ¥s[
th-8 ,oa th-5 eÍ Hkjr d`h Hwfed`k
tq¥kbZ 2009 eÍ bV¥h ds` ¥kfDo¥k
ægj eÍ lEiUu th –8 vkSj mlds` }kjk
ukekafd`r 5 vkmVfjp nsækÍ d`k fæ[j
lEes¥u d`bZ ek;ukÍ eÍ egRoiw.Z gS\
^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg us bl fæ[j
lEes¥u ls ig¥s th–8 d`h cSBd` eÍ Hkx
f¥;k ƒk vkSj th–5 rƒk th –8 eÍ Hkx
¥sus ok¥s jkÆV_k÷;”kÍ/ækluk÷;”kÍ ls vkilh
fgr ds` eke¥kÍ ds` lkƒ–lkƒ oSf'od` eanh
vkSj t¥ok;q ifjorZu tSls oSf'od` eqnΩnkÍ
ij fopkj-foeæZ fd`;k\
th–5 cSBd`
nqfu;k d`h mHjrh vƒZO;oLƒk ok¥s 5
nsækÍ ds` laxBu%Hkjr] phu] czkth¥] nf”.
v≠`hd`k vkSj eSfDld`ks us viuh cSBd` eÍ
oSf'od` fo®h; laLƒkvkÍ ds` rqjUr iquxZBu
d`jus gsrq d`ne mBkus d`k œS`l¥k fd`;k\
blds` v¥kok] fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ gsrq vkSj
vf|d` )`. mi¥C| d`jkus rƒk t¥ok;q
eÍ gksus ok¥s vlkekU; ifjorZu d`h leL;k
ls fuiVus gsrq Hh d`ne mBkus d`k vkÿku
fd`;k\ mUgkÍus fo'oO;kih vkfƒZd` lad`V d`h
i~ÆBHwfe eÍ leL;k ds` oSf'od` Lrj ij
lek|ku gsrq viuh opuc*rk Hh nksgjkbZ\
mud`k LiÆV er ƒk fd` vUrjkZÆV_h; laLƒkvkÍ
d`k ekStwnk <kapk fo'o d`k lgh rjhds` ls
^frfuf|Ro ugÓ d`jrk] D;kÍfd` bleÍ
fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`ks mfpr egRo ugÓ fe¥k
gS\ ekStwnk vkfƒZd` lad`V gsrq fod`flr nsæ
iw.Zr# ftEesnkj gß] fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`h
bleÍ d`ksbZ Hwfed`k ugÓ gS] ¥sfd`u fo'o d`h
leLr vƒZO;oLƒk,a vkil eÍ xaqƒh gß]
blf¥, fd`lh ,d` nsæ d`k vlj nwljs
nsæ ij iÈMuk ¥kfteh gS\ blf¥, fod`flr
nsæ bl lad`V d`k lek|ku fud`k¥us eÍ
fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ds` fgrkÍ d`k “;k¥ j[Í
vkSj mUgÍ fo'okl eÍ ¥Í\
cSBd` eÍ [k» inkƒksÛ ds` mPp ewY;
ls fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ij iÈMus ok¥s ^Hko
d`ks Hh js[kafd`r fd`;k x;k\ ^|kuea(h us
Î`f" rƒk [k» lqj”k d`ks oSf'od` el¥k
crk;k vkSj blf¥, bls d`ksj vkWœ` n
baVjusæu¥ ,tÍMk eÍ ækfe¥ d`jrs gq,
lcls egRoiw.Z eqnΩnk cukus d`h vko';d`rk
ij tksj fn;k] rkfd` ¥?q lhekUr fd`lku ds`
fgrkÍ d`h j”k lqfuf'pr gks\ mUgkÍus fod`kl
d`h ,slh j.uhfr cukus `d`h vko';d`rk
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/720
crkbZ ftlds` tfj, i;kZoj. d`ks uqd`lku
igq∑pk, fcuk csgrj thou Lrj ¥{; d`ks
^kIr fd`;k tk lds`\ fu#lUnsg ;gk∑ uohure
VsDuks¥kWth d`h Hwfed`k egRoiw.Z gksxh]
blf¥, th–5 nsækÍ ds ` e÷; LoPN i;kZoj.
lEcU|h VsDuks¥kWth ds` gLrkUrj. eÍ
lg;ksx vko';d gS\
eSfDld`ks ds` jkÆV_ifr d`k er ƒk fd`
u, vUrjkZÆV_h; <kaps ls vUrjkZÆV_h; fo®h;
eke¥kÍ eÍ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`h larqf¥r
Hkxhnkjh d`ks cÈ<kok fe¥sxk\ lkƒ gh th –5
nsækÍ ds` usrkvkÍ us fu'p; fd`;k fd` os
fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`ks fo®h; lalk|ukÍ d`k
i;kZIr ^okg lqfuf'pr d`jus gsrq laj”.oknh
nckokÍ d`k eqd`kc¥k d`jrs gq, eqâ` cktkj
d`h vko';d`rk ij tksj nÍxs\ th–5 ds`
?ks".k-i( eÍ fo'o O;kikj laxBu d`h nksgk
nkSj d`h okrkZ d`ks lœ`¥rkiwoZd` lEiUu
gksus d`h vkæad`k Hh O;â` d`h xbZ] rkfd`
fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`h fod`flr nsækÍ ds` ^fr
O;kikj ds` lEcU| eÍ fo'okl cgk¥h gks
vkSj fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`ks uqd`lku igq∑pkus
ok¥h laj”.oknh :>ku ij jksd` ¥xs\
fuf'pr rkSj ij blls vUrjkZÆV_h; cktkjkÍ eÍ
fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`h oLrq vkSj lsokvkÍ d`h
igq∑p lgh ek;us eÍ cÈ<sxh\ th–5 nsækÍ us
fod`flr nsækÍ eÍ fu;kZr lfClMh d`ks lekIr
d`jus d`h vko';d`rk ij Hh tksj fn;k\
th–8 fæ[j lEes¥u
fæ[j lEes¥u ds` estcku nsæ bV¥h
ds` jkÆV_ifr flfYo;ks c¥qZLd`ksuh us nksukÍ
lewgkÍ d`h cSBd` ds` æqÔvkrh Hk". eÍ
th –8 ds` lkƒ th–5 d`ks fe¥kd`j ,d`
laxBu cukus d`k lq>ko fn;k vkSj d`gk
fd` th–8 vkSj th–5 fo'o d`h d`jhc 80
^frær tula“;k d`k ^frfuf|Ro d`jrs gß]
blf¥, ;fn ;g vfLrRo eÍ vkrk gS] rks
;g HfoÆ; ds` f¥, ,d` fLƒj ,oa Bksl
æD¥ vf“r;kj d`j ld`rk gS vkSj
ftld`h Hwfed`k oSf'od` eqnΩnkÍ ds` fuiVkus
eÍ egRoiw.Z gksxh\ ≠`kal vkSj czkth¥ us Hh
blds` xBu d`k leƒZu fd`;k\
^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg d`k
mnΩcks|u # oSf'od` leL;kvkÍ d`k
oSf'od` lek|ku
^|kuea(h MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg d`k LiÆV
er ƒk fd` oSf'od` leL;kvkÍ d`k lek|ku
oSf'od` lg;ksx ls gh fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\
¥sfd`u ;g rHh lEHo gS] tcfd` fod`kl-
æh¥ nsækÍ d`h vkokt lquh tk,\ ^|kuea(h
us lEes¥u eÍ oSf'od` vkfƒZd` lad`V d`k
mY¥s[ d`jrs gq, d`gk fd` vius fgrkÍ ds`
laj”. d`h [kfrj fod`flr nsækÍ eÍ
laj”.okn d`h ^o~f® iuih gS ftlls
fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ds` )`. vkSj iw∑th ^okg ij
vlj iÈMk gS vkSj Hkjr tSls fod`klæh¥
nsækÍ ds` fod`kl ¥{;kÍ d`h iwfrZ eÍ ck|k
iÈMh gS\ ;g dS`lh foMEcuk gS fd` bl eanh ds`
ihNs Hkjr d`k gkƒ ugÓ gS] ijUrq mld`k
fu;kZr bl otg ls cqjh rjg ^Hkfor gqvk
gS\ bl lEes¥u eÍ Hkjr d`ks fo'o vkfƒZd`
lad`V ds ` lkƒ fod`kl] [k»] ˜tkZ lqj”k]
t¥ok;q ifjorZu vUrjkZÆV_h; O;kikj okrkZ
vkSj vUrjkZÆV_h; laxBukÍ eÍ lq|kj ls lEc*
^eq[ oSf'od` eqnΩnkÍ ij fopkj j[us d`k
ekSd`k Hh fe¥k\ ^|kuea(h us oSf'od` fo®h;
laLƒkvkÍ ds` iquxZBu d`ks ekStwnk oSf'od` eanh
d`k n~È<rkiwoZd` eqd`kc¥k d`jus gsrq vko';d`
crk;k vkSj la;qâ` jkÆV_ lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ
Hkjr d`h Lƒk;h lnL;rk ds` nkos d`ks loZƒk
U;k;ksfpr crk;k\ mUgkÍus lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ
ohVks ds` ^'u ij teZuh rƒk tkiku d`k
mY¥s[ d`jrs gq, d`gk fd` ;»fi nksukÍ
nsækÍ d`h vƒZO;oLƒk fczVsu rƒk ≠`kal ls
cÈMh gS] ijUrq blds` ckotwn bu nks nsækÍ
d`h vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ d`ks lqj”k ifj"nΩ eÍ
vHh rd` Lƒk;h lnL;rk ugÓ fe¥h gS\
t¥ok;q ifjorZu
^|kuea(h eueksgu ¯lg us Hkjr ds`
xzhu gkml xSlkÍ ds` mRltZu ij jksd` ¥xkus
ds` lkƒ gh X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx ij ;ƒklEHo jksd`
¥xkus ds` ^;klkÍ ds` ^fr viuh opuc*rk
nksgjkbZ\ mY¥s[uh; gS fd` Hkjr us fiN¥s
o"Z twu 2008 eÍ ^|kuea(h }kjk ?ksf"r
t¥ok;q ifjorZu ls lEcfU|r jkÆV_h; d`k;Z-
;kstuk d`ks ^kƒfed`rk ds` vk|kj ij ve¥
eÍ ¥kus d`k vkÿku fd`;k ƒk\ 11oÓ iapo"hZ;
;kstuk eÍ Hh ˜tkZ d`h d`k;Zdq`æ¥rk ds`
cÈ<kus ij tksj gS\ bu lcds` ckotwn Hkjr
}kjk vHh i;kZoj. d`ks LoPN cuk, j[us
eÍ lgk;d` v”; ˜tkZ ds` lzksrkÍ d`k
;ƒksfpr nksgu ugÓ gks ik;k gS\ ;fn bl
fnæk eÍ Bksl ^;kl fd`, tk,a] rks HfoÆ; eÍ
,d` ækunkj X¥ksc¥ ekdsZ`V d`h lEHkouk
ds` ewrZ Ôi xzg. d`jus eÍ nsj ugÓ ¥xsxh\
ijUrq geÍ bekjrkÍ] eksVj okgukÍ vkSj ?js¥w
mid`j.kÍ eÍ fct¥h ds` lrdZ` mi;ksx ij
c¥ nsd`j i;kZoj.h; fpUrk d`ks lnSo ÷;ku
eÍ j[uk gksxk\ vkfƒZd` ^ksRlkgu vkSj naM
d`h uhfr bl lEcU| eÍ d`kœ`h ^Hkoh gks
ld`rh gS vkSj ds`Unzh; rƒk jkT; ^nw".
fu;a(. cksMksÛ d`ks u, fljs ls iqu:Tthfor
d`jus d`h Hh vko';d`rk gS\ okfud`h ds`
lkƒ oU; tho laj”. ij tksj nsuk Hh
vkt le; d`h ek∑x gS\ Lej. jgs fd` Hkjr
us t¥ok;q ifjorZu d`k eqd`kc¥k d`jus gsrq
xzhu gkml xSlkÍ ds` mRltZu eÍ d`eh ds`
ckjs eÍ fod`flr nsækÍ }kjk fu|kZfjr ¥{;
d`ks ekuus ls bud`kj d`j fn;k gS\ Hkjr
d`k LiÆV er gS fd` eq“;r# vejhd`k vkSj
;wjksih; nsækÍ }kjk xzhu gkml xSlkÍ d`k
vf|d` ek(k eÍ mRltZu d`jus ls X¥ksc¥
okfeÛx d`h leL;k mRiUu gqbZ gS\ blf¥,
mud`h uSfrd` ftEesnkjh gS fd` os fod`klæh¥
nsækÍ d`h rjœ` ns[us ds` ctk; ig¥s
viuh vksj ls Bksl ig¥ d`jÍ\
Hkjr X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx d`h leL;k d`k
lek|ku ^fr O;fâ` xzhu gkml xSlkÍ ds`
mRltZu ds` œ`kewZ¥s ds` vk|kj ij d`jus d`k
i”|j gS\ bleÍ lansg ugÓ fd` 1987 ds`
ekWfUV_;¥ ^ksVksd`ks¥ us fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ds`
i;kZoj. ^nw". d`ks ?Vkus eÍ d`kœ`h
;ksxnku fn;k gS] tcfd` fod`flr nsækÍ d`h
thou æS¥h d`h otg ls ^fr O;fâ` xzhu
gkml xSlkÍ ds` mRltZu eÍ cjkcj rsth
vkbZ gS\ mUgkÍus tgk∑ ,d` vksj viuh vksj ls
cjkcj i;kZoj. d`ks uqd`lku igq∑pk;k gS]
ogÓ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`ks ^nw". fu;a(.
rƒk fu;kstu rd`uhd` ,oa mid`j. mi¥C|
ugÓ d`jk, gß\ 1992 ds` t¥ok;q ifjorZu
lEcU|h vUrjkZÆV_h; le>kSrs eÍ Hh bl
gLrkUrj. ckor LiÆV O;oLƒk d`h xbZ ƒh
vkSj d`e-ls-d`e 7 ^frær ,sls mid`j.
fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`ks mi¥C| d`jkus ƒs]
ijUrq 2007 rd` ;g 0·18 ^frær gh
mi¥C| gks ik, gß\ blls t¥ok;q ifjorZu
eqnΩns ij fod`flr nsækÍ d`h nkseq∑gh uhfr
d`k LiÆV irk p¥rk gS\ ;g [qæh d`h ckr
gS fd` bl eqnΩns ij vejhd`k rƒk ;wjksih;
nsækÍ ds` ncko ls fuiVus gsrq Hkjr vkSj
phu ,d`er gq, gS\ D;kÍfd` bu ij gh
t¥ok;q ds` eqnΩns ij fod`flr nsækÍ d`h
rjœ` ls Hkjh ncko gS\ ;gk∑ ;g mY¥s[
d`juk Hh ^klafxd` gksxk fd` vejhd`k lhusV
eÍ vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr cjkd` vksckek ds` le”
t¥ok;q ifjorZu lEcU|h fc¥ ¥fEcr iÈMk
gS] ftleÍ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ij HsnHkoiw.Z
d`kcZu VSDl ¥xkuk ^Lrkfor gS\ fu#lUnsg
blls bu nsækÍ d`h fod`kl nj ^Hkfor
gksxh vkSj ogk∑ xjhch cÈ<sxh\ 17 lnL;h;
estj bd`ksuksfed` œ`ksje us viuh cSBd` eÍ
Hkjr vkSj phu lfgr th–5 ds` nsækÍ eÍ
xzhu gkml xSlkÍ ds` mRltZu eÍ d`VkSrh
d`jus d`k Hkjh ncko cuk;k gS\ ;g Hh
mY¥s[uh; gS fd` D;ksVks ^ksVksd`ks¥ ds`
rgrΩ 36 vkS»ksfxd` nsæ vuqca| ds` Ôi eÍ
oxhZÎ`r gß vkSj muls vis”k gS fd` os
2008–12 ds` chp vius mRltZu eÍ 1990
ds` LrjkÍ ls uhps fu|kZfjr ^frær rd` d`eh
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/721
¥k,a\ ¥sfd`u fczVsu] teZuh rƒk dq`N vU;
nsækÍ d`ks NksÈMd`j æs" us viuh opuc*rk
iw.Z ugÓ d`h gS] cfYd` os mRltZu eÍ d`eh
¥kus ds` vk|kj o"Z d`ks vkxs f[ld`kus eÍ
^;kljrΩ gß\ tgk∑ vejhd`k] vkLV_sf¥;k
rƒk tkiku 1990 ds` ctk; 2005 d`ks
vk|kj o"Z ekuus ds` fgek;rh gß] ogÓ Hkjr
vkSj phu lfgr d`bZ ;wjksih; nsæ 1990 d`ks
gh vk|kj o"Z ekuus ds` i”|j gß\
th–8 d`h ,d` egRoiw.Z mi¥fC| ;g
jgh fd` blds` lnL; ig¥h ckj |jrh ds`
rkieku eÍ 2 fMxzh lsfYl;l ls vf|d` d`h
vlkekU; cÈ<ksrjh u gksus nsus gsrq opuc*
fn[s\ mUgkÍus bl ¥{; d`h ^kfIr gsrq 2050
rd` vius mRltZu eÍ 80 ^frær d`VkSrh
d`jus d`h vko';d`rk eglwl d`h] rkfd`
nqfu;k ds` dq`¥ d`kcZu mRltZu eÍ 50 ^frær
d`h d`eh ¥kbZ tk lds`\ vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr
cjkd` vksckek us t¥ok;q ifjorZu d`h cSBd`
d`h v÷;”rk d`jrs gq, vius nsæ ds` lkƒ
gh fod`flr nsækÍ ls |jrh ds` rkieku eÍ
d`eh ¥kus d`k vkxzg fd`;k vkSj bl gsrq
¥{; fu|kZfjr d`jus d`h psrkouh nh\ mUgkÍus
|jrh ds` rkieku eÍ mâ` 2 fMxzh lsfYl;e
ls vf|d` cÈ<ksrjh u gksus nsus ds` ^Lrko d`k
Hh leƒZu fd`;k\ Lej.h; gS fd` vkS»ksfxd`
;qx æqÔ gksus ds` ckn ls vc rd` rkieku
eÍ 0·8 fMxzh lsfYl;l d`h o~f* ig¥s gh
gks pqd`h gS\ fu#lUnsg vksckek d`h ;g ig¥
fo'o eÍ d`kcZu mRltZu eÍ jksd` ¥xkus eÍ
egRoiw.Z Hwfed`k vnk d`jsxh\ ;g Hh
mY¥s[uh; gS fd` t¥ok;q ifjorZu ds`
lEcU| eÍ Hkjr ds` ml n~fÆVd`ks. ds` ^fr
mfpr joS;k viuk;k x;k gS fd` ftleÍ
fod`flr nsækÍ ds` lkƒ ^kS»ksfxd`h fod`kl
rƒk gLrkUrj. eÍ lgHkfxrk ij c¥ fn;k
x;k gS\ ;»fi i;kZoj. lq|kj gsrq th –8
ds` lkƒ th–5 nsækÍ us Hh ,d`tqVrk
^nfæZr d`h gS vkSj fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ us
fod`flr nsækÍ ls 2020 rd` 40 ^frær
xzhu gkml xSlkÍ ds` mRltZu eÍ d`eh d`k
vkxzg fd`;k gS] ijUrq bl ij loZlgefr
ugÓ cuh gS\ ¥sfd`u vejhd`k }kjk fod`kl-
æh¥ nsækÍ gsrq nwljs vkfƒZd` lzksr cÈ<kus
d`h ^frc*rk O;â` d`juk ljkguh; gS fd`
ftld`h lgk;rk ls fod`klæh¥ nsæ xSj
d`kcZu ˜tkZ mRiknu d`h rd`uhd` bLrsek¥
d`j ldÍ`xs\ ;gk∑ vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr ds` ml
d`ƒu d`k mY¥s[ d`juk lehphu gksxk
ftleÍ mUgkÍus Hkjr tSlh ^eq[ æfâ` d`ks
lkƒ f¥, fcuk oSf'od` pqukSfr;kÍ ls
fuiVus eÍ fod`flr nsækÍ d`h vleƒZrk
O;â` d`h gS\ d`guk u gksxk fd` muds` bl
oâ`O; ls ^|kuea(h d`h la;qâ` jkÆV_ tSls
vUrjkZÆV_h; laxBukÍ eÍ lq|kj ds` vkÿku
d`ks ^R;” leƒZu fe¥k\ la;qâ` jkÆV_ ds`
egklfpo cku d`h-ewu us th–8 ds` lnL;kÍ
ls vih¥ d`h fd` mud`h ;g ,sfrgkfld`
rƒk jktuhfrd` ftEesnkjh gS fd` os vkfƒZd`
rƒk rd`uhd`h Ôi ls d`kcZu mRltZu ls
futkr ikus eÍ fod`klæh¥ ns æ kÍ d`h enn
d`jÍ\ mUgkÍus th–8 }kjk bl fnæk eÍ vc
rd` d`h xbZ d`kjZokbZ d`ks vi;kZIr crk;k
vkSj th–8 ds` usrkvkÍ d`ks d`kcZu mRltZu eÍ
d`eh ¥kus gsrq Bksl o egRokd`ka”h e÷;kof|
¥{; fu|kZfjr d`jus ij tksj fn;k\ xkSj-
r¥c gS fd` fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`ks d`kcZ u
mRltZu eÍ d`eh ¥kus gsrq v»ru vk|qfud`
VsDuks¥kWth ds` njd`kj gS ftl ij d`jhc
lkS [jc MkW¥j d`h tÔjr gksxh ftlds`
f¥, fod`flr nsæ gkƒ ihNs [Óp jgs gß\
vkrad`okn
vkrad`okn d`k mY¥s[ d`jrs gq, Hkjr
us fo'o ds` vxz.h usrkvkÍ ls vih¥ d`h
fd` Hkjr fiN¥s rhu næd` ls vkrad`okn
d`k naæ >s¥ jgk gS vkSj ikfd`Lrku d`h tehu
ls vkrad`oknh xfrfof|;k∑ cjkcj lapkf¥r
d`h tkrh jgh gß blf¥, fod`flr nsækÍ d`ks
ikfd`Lrku ij ncko cukuk pkfg, fd` og
Hkjr ds` fo:* viuh tehu ls gks jgh
vkrad`oknh xfrfof|;kÍ ij jksd` ¥xk,\ ;g
Hh mY¥s[uh; gS fd` bl fæ[j lEes¥u
ds` nkSjku gh ikfd`Lrku ds` jkÆV_ifr u s
vius nsæ eÍ ;g Lohd`kj fd`;k gS fd`
rkRd`kf¥d` œ`k;ns gsrq mlus ikfd`Lrku eÍ
vkrad`okn vkSj d`VΩVjrk d`ks cÈ<kok fn;k
vkSj vc mlds` }kjk iksf"r vkrad`okn
mlds` nsæ d`ks fux¥us gsrq vkrqj gS\
[k» lqj”k
th–8 nsækÍ ds` bl fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ
fod`flr nsækÍ d`k [k» lqj”k ds` ^fr
n~fÆVd`ks. eÍ vk;k cn¥ko Hh egRoiw.Z gS
vU;ƒk vHh rd` og bls O;kikj ls tksÈMd`j
ns[rs ƒs\ nqfu;k ds` 27 nsækÍ ds` ækluk÷;”kÍ
vkSj jkÆV_k÷;”kÍ rƒk vUrjkZÆV_h; laxBukÍ ds`
^eq[kÍ us nqfu;k d`h Hq[ejh rƒk xjhch ls
eqfâ` fn¥kus gsrq rRd`k¥ fu.kZ;d` d`kjZokbZ
ij tksj fn;k vkSj vfrfjâ` |ujkfæ d`h
O;oLƒk ds` lkƒ [k» d`k ¥{; gkfl¥
d`jus gsrq bl d`ne mBkus d`k lad`Yi
O;â` fd`;k\
ijek.q v^lkj laf| ·,uihVh‚
;»fi th–8 eÍ ,uihVh eÍ nLr[r u
d`jus ok¥s nsækÍ ftleÍ Hkjr Hh ækfe¥
gS] d`ks laosnuæh¥ ijek.q ^kS»ksfxd`h d`k
gLrkUrj. u d`jus d`h ckr Hh lkeus
vkbZ\ fuf'pr rkSj ij ;g vejhd`h ncko
ƒk\ ijUrq blls Hkjr ij d`ksbZ ^Hko ugÓ
iÈMsxk] D;kÍfd` ;g eqnΩnk vkbZ,bZ, rƒk
,u,lth ls lEc* gS vkSj ;gk∑ Hkjr us
ig¥s gh iwjh NwwV ^kIr d`j ¥h gS\
^|kuea(h d`h brj okrkZ
^|kuea(h us th–8 fæ[j lEes¥u ds`
nkSjku viuh brj okrkZ eÍ vejhd`k ds`
jkÆV_ifr cjkd` vksckek] ≠`kal ds` jkÆV_ifr
fud`ks¥l lkd`ksZth ds` v¥kok fczVsu ds`
^|kuea(h xksYMu czkmu ds` lkƒ f}i”h;
eqnΩnkÍ ij ckrphr d`h\ vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr
us th–8 ds` fæ[j lEes¥u eÍ ig¥h ckj
Hkx f¥;k ƒk] gk¥kafd` ^|kuea(h ds` lkƒ
mud`h ;g nwljh eq¥kd`kr ƒh\ fczVsu
^|kuea(h ds` lkƒ MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg us
oSf'od` vkfƒZd` lad`V] vUrjkZÆV_h; fo®h;
<kaps ds` iquxZBu vkSSj t¥ok;q ifjorZu ij
fopkj-foeæZ fd`;k\ fiN¥s 3 ekg ds` nkSjku
;g nksukÍ usrkvkÍ d`h nwljh eq¥kd`kr ƒh\
t¥ok;q ifjorZu ds` eqnΩns ij nksukÍ usrkvkÍ
us xzhu VsDuks¥kWth ifj;kstukvkÍ ds` la;qâ`
fod`kl ij fopkj-foeæZ fd`;k vkSj mUgkÍus
vkxkeh vDVwcj eÍ fnY¥h eÍ t¥ok;q
ifjorZu ij gksus ok¥s lEes¥u eÍ Hkx ¥sus
gsrq vkeaf(r fd`;k\
th –8 ,oa th–5 d`k la;qâ` ?ks".k
i(
th–8 ds` ?ks".k-i( eÍ vkrad`okn d`ks
vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr vkSj lqj”k rƒk fLƒjrk
ds` f¥, xEHhj [rjk ekurs gq, ,Veh
ijh”. gsrq m®jh d`ksfj;k d`h vk¥kspuk
d`h xbZ gS\ vkrad`okn ds` lHh lzksrkÍ vkSj
LoÔikÍ rƒk lHh rjg d`h ,slh okjnkrkÍ
d`ks d`Bksj fuUnk d`jrs gq, lkewfgd` vkSj
cgqi”h; fe¥h-tq¥h d`ksfæækÍ ls blds`
mUew¥u ij tksj fn;k x;k gS\ bl gsrq
lwpukvkÍ ds` vknku–^nku rƒk ”erk
fuekZ. tSls d`nekÍ d`ks tÔjh crk;k x;k gS\
vœ`xkfuLrku vkSj ikfd`Lrku d`h fLƒfr
ij fpUrk O;â` d`h xbZ gS vkSj uæh¥h
nokvkÍ d`h rLd`jh] xjhch vkSj vleku
fod`kl d`ks iwjs fo'o ds` f¥, ,d` xEHhj
pqukSrh ekuk gS] ogÓ vkfƒZd` eanh] t¥ok;q
ifjorZu] [k» lqj”k] oSf'od` fo®h;
laLƒkvkÍ d`h iqulÛjpuk] la;qâ` jkÆV_
lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h Lƒk;h lnL;rk rƒk
vkrad`okn tSls eqnΩnkÍ d`ks vius eÍ lesVs
fod`flr rƒk fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ds` lewg
}kjk ig¥h ckj tkjh la;qâ` ?ks".k i( Hh
cgqr egRoiw.Z gS\ bl ?ks".k-i( ls LiÆV
gS fd` Hkjr ds` n~fÆVd`ks. d`ks bleÍ ^eq[
Lƒku fe¥k gS\ ?ks".k-i( eÍ 2010 rd` nksgk
nkSj okrkZ fuÆiUu d`jus d`h opuc*rk
d`juk Hh ,d` egRoiw.Z mi¥fC| gS\ blls
eqâ` O;kikj O;oLƒk lgh ek;us eÍ vfLrRo
eÍ vk,xh vkSj laj”. uhfr;kÍ o O;o|kukÍ
d`k var gksd`j fuosæ rƒk O;kikj eÍ cÈ<ksrjh
gksxh\ mY¥s[uh; gS fd` MCY;wVhvks ds`
rgrΩ fod`flr nsæ nkse∑qgh uhfr viukd`j
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/722
tgk∑ vius mRiknkÍ d`ks d`e vk;kr æqYd` ds`
tfj, Hkjr eÍ Hstus d`ks vkrqj jgs gß] ogÓ
Hkjrh; mRiknkÍ d`h xq.o®k ij lok¥
mBkd`j laj”.oknh uhfr d`k lgkjk ¥srs gß
vkSj bl vkÈM eÍ Hkjh Hjd`e VSDl olw¥us
d`k ^;kl d`jrs gß\ MCY;wVhvks eÍ xSj–Î`f"
cktkj igq∑p rƒk Î`f" lfClMh nks ^eq[
eqnΩns fooknkLin rƒk HsnHkoiw.Z gß vkSj
ftuls oSf'od` cktkj eÍ foÎ`fr iSnk gqbZ
gS\ vejhd`k rƒk ;wjksih; la? vius
fd`lkukÍ d`ks vjckÍ eÍ nh tk jgh lfClMh
d`ks u ns[d`j Hkjrh; fd`lkukÍ ds` [kn]
cht vkSj ikuh ij utj`j[s gq, gß\
D;k gS nksgk nkSj okrkZ =
nksgk nkSj okrkZ ,d` lrrΩ fopkj-foeæZ
d`h ^f∂`;k gS] tks lnL; nsækÍ ds` chp
vUrjkZÆV_h; O;kikj lEcU|h tfV¥ eqnΩnkÍ
ls lEc* gS\ ;g okrkZ d`rj eÍ 2001 eÍ
^kjEH gqbZ ƒh vkSj bleÍ 153 nsæ ækfe¥
gß\ mlds` ckn ea(k¥f;d` Lrj d`h okrkZ
^kjEH gksus d`k fl¥fl¥k p¥k\ ig¥h okrkZ
eSfDld`ks eÍ 2003 eÍ lEiUu gqbZ] rc ls
fujUrj ;g okrkZ,a p¥ jgh gß\ vfUre
okrkZ 2007 eÍ iksVΩlMe ·teZuh‚ eÍ gqbZ
ƒh\ mY¥s[uh; gS fd` 1995 eÍ MCY;wVhvks
ds` xBu ds` ckn ikjLifjd` O;kikj cÈ<kus
d`h tÔjr eglwl gqbZ\ blf¥, mnkjhd`j.
tÔjh ƒk] ;kuh oSf'od` Lrj ij fofHUu
nsækÍ ds` chp oLrqvkÍ d`h fuckZ| vkoktkgh
d`h O;oLƒk d`h xbZ ·mY¥s[uh; gS fd`
MCY;wVhvks ds` rgrΩ fofHUu nsækÍ ds` chp
vHh oLrqvkÍ d`h gh eqâ` vknku–^nku d`h
O;oLƒk gS\ lsokvkÍ d`ks bleÍ ækfe¥ ugÓ
fd`;k x;k gS‚] ijUrq fod`flr nsækÍ us
vius fgrkÍ d`ks loksZifj j[rs gq,
laj”.oknh uhfr;kÍ d`k lgkjk f¥;k ftl
otg ls Hkjr lfgr fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`h
Î`f" ¯tlkÍ] vkS"f| O;kikj vkfn ij
erHsn iSnk gq, gß\ Î`f" lfClMh ds` eqnΩns
ij fod`flr rƒk fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ds` chp
O;kid` erHsn lkeus vk, vkSj ftl otg
ls fod`flr nsækÍ d`h HsnHkoiw.Z uhfr;kÍ
d`k lkeuk d`jus gsrq th–20 ds` Ôi eÍ
fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`k lewg vfLrRo eÍ
vk;k\ Hkjr ds` lEcU| eÍ fo'o Î`f"
O;kikj ij ;fn utj Mk¥Í rks ;gk∑ d`h 60
^frær Î`f" ij fuHZ j vkcknh d`h
^frLi*kZ vejhd`k vkSj ;wjksih; la?
ljh[s fo'o ds` fod`flr nsækÍ ls gS
ftud`h Î`f" ij fuHZjrk ek( 2 ^frær
gS] ijUrq os vius fd`lkukÍ d`ks vjckÍ d`h
lfClMh nsd`j fo'o ds` 50 ^frær ls
vf|d` Î`f" O;kikj ij viuk d`Ctk
tekuk pkgrs gß\ bl ^d`kj MCY;wVhvks eÍ
lEiw.Z fo'o nks xqVkÍ ;kuh fod`flr rƒk
fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ds` Ôi eÍ c∑V x;k\ ,d`
rjœ` vejhd`k] ;wjksih; la? vkSj tkiku
tSls fod`flr nsæ ækfe¥ ƒs rks nwljh
vksj Hkjr] phu] czkth¥ vkSj nf”.
v≠`hd`k tSls fod`klæh¥ nsæ lkeus vk,\
;»fi MCY;wVhvks ds` rgrΩ lHh nsæ
vUrjkZÆV_h; O;kikj cÈ<kus ds` i”|j rks ƒs]
ijUrq fod`flr nsækÍ d`h laj”.oknh uhfr
lnSo eqâ` O;kikj eÍ vkÈMs vkbZ\ ;gk∑ ij
MCY;wVhvks ds` vUrxZr mi;qZâ` of.Zr nks
fooknkLin eqnΩnkÍ ls fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ds`
le” mRiUu leL;k d`k mY¥s[ d`juk
^klafxd` gksxk%
(1) Î`f" lfClMh%Î`f" vƒZO;oLƒk
ok¥s fod`klæh¥ nsæ fod`flr nsækÍ ls
Î`f" lfClMh ?Vkus ij tksj nsrs jgs gß]
rkfd` muds` mRikn fod`flr nsækÍ ds`
cktkj eÍ igq∑pd`j muls ^frLi*kZ d`j
ldÍ`] ¥sfd`u dq`N d`VkSrh ds` cn¥s fod`flr
nsæ fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ls lfClMh ?Vkus ds`
v¥kok lhek æqYd` rƒk vU; æqYd`kÍ d`ks
?Vkus d`k Hh ncko cukrs gß] rkfd` bu
nsækÍ d`h [k» ¯tlkÍ ds` lkƒ xSj Î`f"
oLrqvkÍ d`h fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ eÍ csjksd`Vksd`
vkoktkgh gks vkSj os ¥kH vftZr d`j ldÍ`\
(2) xSj Î`f" cktkj igq∑p j”ksik;
ra(%fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ d`ks fpUrk gS fd`
;fn d`herÍ fxj tk,a ;k vR;f|d` vk;kr d`h
fLƒfr eÍ M¯Eix leL;k mRiUu gks tk, rks
mud`h vƒZO;oLƒk ^Hkfor gksxh\ gk¥kafd`]
MCY;wVhvks eÍ V_sM fuxksfæ,¯Vx d`esVh gS
ftld`h v÷;”rk MCY;wVhvks ds` egkfunsæd`
d`jrs gß] ¥sfd`u fod`flr nsæ bld`h Hh
cjkcj vuns[h d`jrs jgs gß\ œ`¥r#
MCY;wVhvks d`h vc rd` d`h lHh okrkZ,a
csurhtk lkfcr gqbZ gß\
la;qâ` ?ks".k i( eÍ eqâ` cktkjkÍ ds`
vfLrRo d`ks cjd`jkj j[us vkSj mUgÍ
^ksRlkfgr d`jus rƒk O;kikj vkSj fuosæ eÍ
lHh laj”.oknh mik;kÍ d`ks lekIr d`jus
d`h ^frc*rk Hh nksgjkbZ xbZ gS\ blls
fuf'pr rkSj ij [k» lqj”k d`ks c¥
fe¥sxk\ efg¥kvkÍ lfgr fd`lkukÍ gsrq jkÆV_h;
rƒk ”s(h; j.uhfr cukus ij Hh tksj
fn;k x;k gS \ t¥ok;q ifjorZu ds` eqnΩns ij
Hh Hkjr d`h Hwfed`k d`ks ljkgk x;k gS\
?ks".k-i( eÍ la;qâ` jkÆV_ lesr vU;
vUrjkZÆV_h; laLƒkvkÍ eÍ lq|kj ^f∂`;k eÍ
rsth ¥kus d`k vkÿku fd`;k x;k gS vkSj
usrkvkÍ us egkRokd`ka”h o larqf¥r ifj.ke
gkfl¥ d`jus ij tksj nsd`j fd`lh loZekU;
le>kSrs rd` igq∑pus gsrq ikjnfæZrk viukus
d`k i” f¥;k\
blds` vfrfjâ`] ?ks".k-i( eÍ nqfu;k
ds` ¥xHx 10 d`jksÈM ls vf|d` Hq[ejh ds`
fæd`kj ¥ksxkÍ d`ks Hw[ vkSj xjhch ls eqfâ`
fn¥kus gsrq rRd`k¥ fu.kZ;d` d`kjZokbZ ij
tksj nsuk Hh egRoiw.Z gS\ bl fæ[j
lEes¥u eÍ vehj nsækÍ }kjk 20 vjc
MkW¥j d`h Î`f" lgk;rk ij lgefr O;â`
d`juk ,d` egRoiw.Z mi¥fC| gS] D;kÍfd`
blls vR;f|d` xjhc nsæ vius ;gk∑ [k»
lqj”k d`h uhfr rS;kj d`jus eÍ l”e gkÍxs\
Lej. jgs fd` 13 o"Z ig¥s tc la;qâ`
jkÆV_ ds` [k» vkSj Î`f" laxBu d`h rjœ`
ls jkse eÍ ig¥k fo'o [k» lEes¥u
vk;ksftr gqvk ƒk rc ls [k» lqj”k d`k
eke¥k vUrjkZÆV_h; eapkÍ ij mBrk jgk gS\
bl lEes¥u eÍ 2015 rd` nqfu;k ls
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nsækÍ d`k viuk naH jgk gks ;k vius
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HsnHkoiw.Z uhfr d`ks lekIr d`jus ds` f¥,
vkSj vf|d` ,d`tqV gksuk gksxk\ ●●●
æs" i~ÆB 707 d`k
☛ General Knowledge
☛ Analytical and Logical Reasoning
☛ Data Interpretation & Data Suffi-
ciency
osclkbV%www.snaptest.org
JMET (Joint Management Entrance
Test)
laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrh
gS%IIT—Roorkee,
IISC—Bangalore, IIT—Bombay,
IIT—Kanpur,
IIT—Kharagpur,
IIT—Madras
ijh”k d`k ekg%December
^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%
☛ Verbal Communication
☛ Logical Reasoning
☛ Quantitative Ability
☛ Data Interpretation
osclkbV%www.iitk.ac.in
RMAT (Rajasthan Management
Aptitude Test)
laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrh
gS%Board of Technical Education,
Rajasthan
ijh”k d`k ekg%July
^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%
☛ English and General Knowledge
☛ Mathematics & Reasoning Ability
☛ Data Interpretation & Analysis
☛ Verbal Ability & Reading Compre-
hension
osclkbV%www.techedu.rajasthan.gov.in
UPMAT (Uttar Pradesh Management
Aptitude Test)
laLƒku d`k uke tks ijh”k vk;ksftr d`jrh
gS%Universities and Colleges of U.P.
ijh”k d`k ekg%June/July
^'u–i( d`h lajpuk vkSj tk∑p–fo";%
☛ Logical and Abstract Reasoning
☛ Reading Comprehension
☛ Quantitative Aptitude
☛ Verbal Ability
☛ Data Interpretation
osclkbV%www.winentrance.com.
●●●
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eÍ d`ksbZ eks¥ ugÓ\ bld`k vkæ; ;g ugÓ
gS fd` iw∑thokn ;k cktkjokn iw.ZÔi ls
x¥r gS] exj bld`h Hh viuh lhek,a gß\
d`gus d`k rkRi;Z ;g gS fd` vius
ikjEifjd` Kku rƒk lkaLd~`frd` ewY;kÍ d`h
vPNkb;kÍ ds` lkƒ vk|qfud` ^kS»ksfxd`h d`k
lkeatL; Lƒkfir fd`;k tk,] D;kÍfd`
ikjEifjd` Kku rƒk lkekftd` lkaLd~`frd`
ewY; tgk∑ gekjh tÈMÍ gß] ogÓ vk|qfud`
^kS»ksfxd`h mld`k iks".\
Hkjr eÍ Hh HkSfrd`okn d`h gok vkus
ds` d`kj. ¥ksxkÍ eÍ fn[kus rƒk nækZus d`h
^o~f® cÈ<h gS\ xkÈMh-cax¥k] vk|qfud`
lalk|u] thou d`h xq.o®k rƒk HkSfrd`
lqfo|k,a LVsVl ¯lc¥ d`k ^rhd` cu pqd`h
gß\ nsæ d`k ;qok oxZ bu lc d`ks tYnh-ls-
tYnh ikus d`h pkg eÍ rst jŒrkj ¯tnxh
th jgk gS\ HkSfrd` lqfo|k,a gh mld`k
vknæZ gS vkSj og fd`lh Hh d`her ij
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/725
tYnh-ls-tYnh bUgÍ ikd`j bud`k miHksx
d`juk pkgrk gS] bl nkSÈM eÍ og ?j-
ifjokj d`ks csgn ennxkj ekurk gS rƒk
mlls nwj ugÓ jguk pkgrk] nwljh rjœ`
lsuk d`h ukSd`jh eÍ u T;knk X¥Sej gS] u
vkd`"Zd` thou-æS¥h thus d`h lqfo|k,a
vkSj u gh eksVk iSds`t] ˜ij ls tku tkus
d`k tksf[e gesæk cuk jgrk gS\ vf|d`kfj;kÍ
d`h iks¯LVx æqÔvkr eÍ gh tEew-d`'ehj
rƒk ukWƒZ bZLV tSls vkrad`oknh o
v¥xkooknh ”s(kÍ eÍ gksrh gS\ œ`kSt eÍ
Vs¥ÍV ds` ckotwn L¥ks ^eksæu Hh vkt d`h
rst jŒrkj ;qok ihÈ<h ds` euekfœ`d` ugÓ
gS\ vkt d`k ukStoku tYnh ls Mx Hjrs
dS`fj;j d`h lhfÈ<;k∑ pÈ<uk pkgrk gS] rkfd`
mez cÈ<us ds` lkƒ d`k;Z”erk eÍ d`eh vkus
ls iwoZ gh vius thou d`k loZJsÆB ik
lds`\ ¥Ecs le; rd` ifjokj ls nwj jguk
Hh ;qokvkÍ d`ks lsuk eÍ tkus ls jksd` jgk gS\
bu lkjh ifjfLƒfr;kÍ d`ks ns[rs gq, nsæ-
HfDr ds` ctk; vkd`"Zd` osru] lqfo|kvkÍ
rƒk miHksx o vkjkenk;d` thou æS¥h
d`ks vf|d` egRo nsus ok¥k e÷;e oxZ D;kÍ
lsuk tSlh tfV¥ o fo"e HkSxksf¥d`
ifjfLƒfr;kÍ ok¥h ukSd`jh eÍ tkuk pkgsxk`=
e÷;eoxhZ; lekt fd`lh Hh d`her ij
tYnh-ls-tYnh HkSfrd` oLrqvkÍ d`k miHksx
d`juk pkgrk gS] tcfd` lsuk eÍ jgrs gq,
;g lc dq`N lEHo ugÓ gS\
(3) ekud`kÍ ds` vuqlkj tokukÍ d`k u
fe¥uk
pw∑fd` Hkjrh; lsuk mPpLrjh; gS vr#
mleÍ vœ`ljkÍ d`h HrhZ ds` f¥, Hh
mPpLrjh; ekud` j[s x, gß\ vkt ds`
miHksDrkoknh] vkjkensg rƒk if'peh
pd`kpkß| ls ifjiw.Z ;qok d`k ,sls d`ÈMs
ekud`kÍ ij [jk mrjuk csgn d`fBu gS\
lsuk eÍ vœ`lj cuus ds` f¥, ækjhfjd`
rƒk ekufld` lc¥rk ds` v¥kok csgn
vuqækflr thou-æS¥h d`h vis”k j[h
tkrh gS\ eqf'd`¥ ;g gS fd` ig¥s rks
fiN¥s ik∑ p o"ks Û ls bl ^d`kj d`h
^frc*rk ok¥s ;qokvkÍ d`h la“;k eÍ
fxjkoV vkbZ gS] vxj gS Hh rks os futh
”s( d`h vksj tkuk T;knk ilUn d`j jgs
gß\ gk¥kr bl d`nj cn¥ jgs gß fd`
ukStoku lSU; lsok d`k vkosnu-i( ¥sus ds`
ckn Hh vkbZ,e, tkWbu ugÓ d`j jgs gß\
ekud`kÍ ds` vuqÔi tokuksÍ ds` u fe¥us d`k
,d` vgeΩ d`kj. ;g Hh gS fd` ig¥s tgk∑
vfHHkod`kÍ }kjk cpiu ls gh cPps d`ks
lSU; lsok eÍ tkus ds` f¥, ^sfjr fd`;k
tkrk ƒk] vc vfHHkod`kÍ d`h ^kƒfed`rk
eÍ lSU; lsok d`gÓ ugÓ gS\ ig¥s cPpk]
vfHHkod`kÍ }kjk ^sfjr fd`, tkus ij
cpiu ls gh lSU; lsok eÍ <¥us ds`
ækjhfjd` ekufld` xfrfof|;k∑ æqÔ d`j
nsrk ƒk] exj vkt ds` vfHHkod`] cPps
d`ks O;kolkf;d` fæ”k nsd`j futh ”s( eÍ
tkus ds` f¥, vf|d` ^ksRlkfgr d`j jgs gß\
bleÍ vfHHkod`kÍ d`k nks" Hh vf|d` ugÓ
gS] D;kÍfd` os Hh if'peh miHksDrkoknh
laLd~`fr ls ^Hkfor gß rƒk nsæ lsok ds`
ctk; cPps d`ks futh ”s( eÍ Hstd`j
tYnh-ls-tYnh vius ?j d`ks HkSfrd`
lalk|ukÍ ls ifjiw.Z ns[uk pkgrs gß\
(4) nsæ eÍ cÈ<rk HzÆVkpkj
dq`N o"ksÛ ls nsæ eÍ cÈ<rs HzÆVkpkj ds`
d`kj. lekt ij ud`kjkRed` ^Hko iÈM
jgk gS\ NksVs ^æklfud` rƒk jktuhfrd`
Lrj ls cÈMs Lrj rd` œS`¥s HzÆVkpkj ds`
d`kj. vke tuekul eÍ |hjs-|hjs nsæHfDr
rƒk jkÆV_okn tSlh Hkouk,a dq`N ek;ukÍ eÍ
vo'; d`e gqbZ gS\ HzÆVkpkj d`k |U|k fnu
nksxquh] jkr pkSxquh ds` fglkc ls rjDd`h
d`j jgk gS rƒk HzÆVkpkfj;kÍ d`ks d`ksbZ [kl
cÈMh ltk Hh ugÓ gks ik jgh gS] d`Hh-d`Hh
rks HzÆVkpkj d`h tk∑p d`j jgh iqf¥l]
lqj”k ,atsfl;k∑ rƒk U;kf;d` ^.k¥h rd`
lok¥kÍ ds` ?sjs eÍ vk jgh gS\ HzÆVkpkj lj
mBkd`j th jgk gS rƒk Mads` d`h pksV ij
thr jgk gS\ ,sls eÍ vke ;qokoxZ eÍ ;g
ckr ?j d`jrh tk jgh gS fd` og fd`ld`h
j”k d`js vkSj D;kÍ d`js = tc fd`lh nsæ
eÍ HzÆVkpkj O;kid` Lrj ij cÈ< tkrk gS
rks iq:"kƒZ] jkÆV_h; LokfHeku rƒk jkÆV_okn
[ks tkrk gS rƒk ¥ksx HzÆVkpkj d`h
cSlk[h ds` lgkjs rjDd`h d`h lhfÈ<;k∑ pÈ<us
ds` f¥, etcwj gks tkrs gß\ nsæ] xjhch]
lalk|ukÍ d`h vuqi¥C|rk rƒk |heh
vƒZO;oLƒk ls d`etksj ugÓ gks tkrk]
cfYd` O;fDr rƒk nsæ ds` LokfHeku ghu
gksus ls d`etksj gksrk gS\ HzÆVkpkj ,d`
,slk nhed` gS tks |hjs-|hjs iwjs lekt d`ks
LokfHeku æwU; rƒk iq:"kƒZ ghu cuk nsrk
gS\ vke ;qok ;g lkspus ij etcwj gS fd`
gekjk cÈ M k æ(q d`kS u gS - lhek ikj
vkrad`okn vƒok nsæ eÍ œS`¥k HzÆVkpkj\
,sls eÍ lsuk eÍ ækfe¥ gksd`j tku d`h
ckth Hh ¥xkbZ tk, rks fd`lds` [kfrj =
d`ksbZ Hh nsæ flœZ` ogk∑ Hh Hw-lajpuk ls
egkuΩ ugÓ cu tkrk] cfYd` ml nsæ eÍ
jgus ok¥s ukxfjd`kÍ ds` ;ksxnkukÍ rƒk
f∂`;kd`¥kikÍ ls egkuΩ curk gS] vr# fd`lh
nsæ d`ks egkuΩ cuus ds` f¥, HzÆVkpkj eqDr
gksuk tÔjh gS] nsæ HzÆVkpkj eqDr gksxk
rks ogk∑ d`h laLd~`fr thoar gksxh vkSj
thoa r la L d~ ` fr gh nq f u;k d`h vU;
laLd~`fr;kÍ d`ks ^Hkfor d`jrh gS\ b|j dq`N
lk¥kÍ ls lsuk eÍ Hh HzÆVkpkj d`h [cjÍ
vkus ls ¥ksxkÍ ij ud`kjkRed` ^Hko iÈMk
gS\ ;»fi lsuk us d`bZ ekSd`kÍ ij ltxrk
fn[krs gq, Rofjr d`k;Zokgh d`h gS] exj
^æklfud` o jktuhfrd` rU( eÍ HzÆVkpkj nsæ tgk∑ vfuok;Z gS lSU; lsok
ds` vla“; eke¥kÍ d`k d`bZ o"ksÛ ls ¥fEcr blzkb¥ # 18 lk¥ ;k 12 oÓ xzsM ds` ckn lHh iq:"kÍ rƒk efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, vfuok;Z]
gksuk rƒk mud`h tYnh lquokbZ u gksuk iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, rhu] tcfd` efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, nks lk¥ d`h lsok\
csgn [sntud` gS\ eSfDld`ks # 18 lk¥ d`h vk;q ds` lHh iq:"kÍ d`ks ,d` lk¥ d`h fef¥Vjh lsok d`k
(5) lSU; lsokvkÍ d`h le;kuqÔi leh”k iathd`j. vfuok;Z\
u gksuk Ôl # 18–27 lk¥ ds` iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, 12 eghus d`h lsok\
nqfu;k d`h fd`lh Hh mPp Lrjh; lsuk Vd`hZ # 20–41 lk¥ ds` lHh iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, lSU; lsok vfuok;Z] mPp fæ”k ds`
ds` f¥, ;g csgn tÔjh gS fd` og le;- Nk(kÍ d`ks d`kslZ iwjk d`jus rd` d`h NwV\
le; ij vius LoÔi d`h leh”k d`js rƒk teZuh # iq:"kÍ d`ks ukS ekg rd`] efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, ,sfPNd`\
le;kuqÔi mleÍ œs`jcn¥ Hh d`js\ lsuk ds` vkfLV_;k # 18–35 lk¥ ds` ¥ksxkÍ ds` f¥, 6 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\
ekStwnk <k∑ps d`ks pqLr-nq:Lr cukus] mld`k cs¥kÔl # 18–27 lk¥ ds` ¥ksxkÍ ds` f¥, vfuok;Z] mPp fæf”r ds` f¥, 12 eghus]
euksc¥ cÈ<kus] lSU; c¥kÍ d`h nSfud` rƒk tcfd` lkekU; fæf”r ds` f¥, 18 eghus d`h lsok\
foæs" vfH;kukÍ eÍ vkus ok¥h ijsækfu;kÍ ls czkth¥ # 18 lk¥ ds` ˜ij ds` lHh iq:"kÍ d`ks 12 eghus d`h lsok\
fuiVus ds` mik; <w∑È<us rƒk ;qok oxZ eÍ fp¥h # 18– 45 lk¥ ds` iq:"kÍ d`h 12 eghus d`h lsuk rƒk 24 eghus ukSlsuk rƒk
lsuk d`k vkd`"Z. cÈ<kus ds` f¥, Ôijs[k ok;qlsuk eÍ lsok\
rS;kj d`jus ds` f¥, lsuk pkgs rks vius
Lrj ij ,d` mPp Lrjh; lfefr d`k xBu phu # vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\
d`j ld`rh gS bl lfefr ds` lq>kokÍ ds` MsuekdZ` # vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\
vk|kj ij ,d` fuf'pr le;kof| ds` ckn felz # 18–30 lk¥ ds` ;qokvkÍ ds` f¥, vfuok;Z] Nk(kÍ d`ks iÈ<kbZ rd` NwV\
lsuk ds` mPpkf|d`kfj;kÍ d`h ,d` leh”k fœ`u¥S≥M # 6 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\
cSBd` r; d`h tk ld`rh gS\ lsuk blls ;wuku # iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, ,d` lk¥ d`h vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\
lEcfU|r fjiksVZ ljd`kj d`ks Hstd`j orZeku bZjku # 21 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\
fLƒfr;kÍ ls voxr d`jk ld`rh gS\
n\ d`ksfj;k # 24–27 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\
nsæ eÍ ,d` cÈMh leL;k ljd`kj rƒk
lSU; O;oLƒk eÍ ijLij vkilh rk¥es¥ ukWosZ # 18·5 ls 44 lk¥ ds` iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, 19 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lSU; lsok\
d`k d`e gksuk Hh gS\ lsuk d`ks vkt ikS¥S≥M # iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, 9 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lsok\
vœ`ljkÍ d`h njd`kj gS exj bl eqnΩns d`ks ¯lxkiqj # 18–21 lk¥ ds` iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, 24 eghus d`h vfuok;Z lsok\
xEHhjrk ls ¥srs gq, d`Hh Hh ds`Unz ljd`kj LohMu # luΩ 1902 ls lSU;-lsok vfuok;Z\
rƒk lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ ds` chp xgu fLoVΩtj¥S≥M # iq:"kÍ ds` f¥, vfuok;Z] efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, ,sfPNd`\
fopkj-foeæZ ugÓ fd`;k x;k\ ^kphud`k¥
ls gh ;g ekuk tkrk jgk gS fd` lSU; c¥kÍds` lkƒ HsnHkoiw.Z O;ogkj d`jus rƒk nwj jgrk gS\ vr# d`Hh-d`Hh ifjokj eÍ
d`ks vf|d` dq`æ¥ cukus ds` f¥, mud`h mud`k æks". d`jus tSls vkjksi ¥xuk d`ksbZ gknlk gksus vƒok vU; ^d`kj d`h
HkoukvkÍ d`ks nckuk tÔjh gS] exj csgn ¯prktud` ckr gS\ ;»fi vU; ”s(kÍ fo"e ifjfLƒfr;kÍ ds` ckotwn toku d`ks
HkoukvkÍ d`ks nckd`j ;a(orΩ thou-æS¥h eÍ bl ^d`kj d`h ?Vuk d`k gksuk d`ksbZ cÈMh ,d`ne ls Nq V Ω V h u fe¥us ls og
viukus ls d`bZ ubZ rjg d`h folaxfr;k∑ Hh
ckr ugÓ gS] ¥sfd`u lSU; lsokvkÍ eÍ bl vk∂`ksfær gks tkrk gS\ bl ^d`kj d`h
lkeus vkus ¥xrh gS\ vr# ekStwnk le; eÍ ^d`kj d`h ?Vuk d`k gksuk ¥ksxkÍ ds` euksc¥ fLƒfr;kÍ ij xEHhjrk ls fopkj d`jus ds`
;g tÔjh gks x;k gS fd` HkoukvkÍ d`ks rksÈMus tSlk gS\ lSU; vf|d`kjh d`bZ ckn mlds` lek|ku ds` f¥, d`kjxj
lSU; c¥kÍ d`h d`etksj ls etcwrh eÍ m®jnkf;RokÍ ls ncs gksrs gß\ muls vis”k uhfr;k∑ cukbZ tkuh pkfg,\ blds` v¥kok
rCnh¥ fd`;k tk,\ euqÆ; ckSf*d` Hh gS d`h tkrh gS fd` os vius v|huLƒ tokukÍ lsuk ds` vUnj vU; ^d`kj d`h NksVh-cÈMh
vkSj HkoukRed` Hh gS vkSj bud`k lexz d`h ekufld` rƒk ækjhfjd` laosnukvkÍ ,oa leL;k,a gks ld`rh gß\ lSU; c¥kÍ d`h
fod`kl Hh tÔjh gS\ gk∑] bl ckr d`k tÔjrkÍ d`ks le>s rƒk muls ¥xkrkj leL;kvkÍ d`ks tkuus ,oa muds` lq>ko gsrq
÷;ku vo'; j[k tkuk pkfg, fd` ;g lkƒZd` laokn Lƒkfir d`jrs gq, mud`k ds`Unz ljd`kj Hh viuh rjœ` ls ,d`
fod`kl ld`kjkRed` fnæk eÍ gks] exj ;g lg;ksx ^kIr d`jrs jgÍ\ dq`N le; ls lSU; Lok;® lfefr d`k xBu d`j ld`rh gS\
gksxk dS`ls = p∑wfd` ;g xgu rƒk foLr~r vf|d`kfj;kÍ ij ¥xkrkj laosnughurk rƒk dq`N lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ ij lSU;d`feZ;kÍ d`k
el¥k gS vr# bld`h ppkZ Hh O;kid` Lrj ekufld` mRihÈMu ds` vkjksi ¥xuk d`kœ`h futh d`k;ksÛ ds` f¥, mi;ksx d`juk tSls
ij d`jds` gh d`ksbZ Bksl lek|ku fud`¥ [sntud` ckr gS\ lSfud` d`ksbZ tÈMorΩ vkjksi ¥xkuk Hh fpUrk d`k fo"; gS\
ld`rk gS\ ds`Unz ljd`kj }kjk lsuk d`ks oLrq ugÓ gS vr# mlds` f¥, Hh le;-
ctVh; ^ko|ku cÈ<kd`j [qæ d`jus d`k le; ij euksjatd` d`k;Z∂`ekÍ ·lkaLd~`frd`] lSU; c¥kÍ d`h d`eh ls fuiVus ds`
tqe¥k vc iqjkuk iÈM pqd`k gS] blds` [s¥dw`n bR;kfn‚ d`h O;oLƒk d`h tkuh mik;
ctk; lsuk d`ks ^ksRlkgu rƒk ld`kjkRed` pkfg,\ esfMVsæu] ;ksx rƒk ÷;ku bR;kfn (1) vkfƒZd` mnkjhd`j. ds `cÈ<rs
cn¥ko d`h njd`kj vf|d` gS\ rd`uhdÍ` Hh lSU; c¥kÍ d`ks ekufld` Ôi ls ^HkokÍ ds` d`kj. lsuk d`ks Hh vkd`"Zd`]
(6) lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ ij æks". ds` lqn~È< rƒk ,d`kxz d`jus eÍ lgk;d` fl* lqfo|k;qDr rƒk ^ksRlkgu iSds`t ls lEiUu
vkjksi gks ld`rh gS\ bu lkjs ^;klkÍ ls lSU; c¥kÍ cukuk pkfg,\ blds` f¥, O;kid` Lrj ij
fiN¥s dq`N le; ls lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ d`ks ekufld` ˜c ls cpus eÍ Hh enn fopkj-foeæZ d`jds` d`ksbZ Bksl urhts
ij HzÆVkpkj ds` v¥kok vius v|huLƒkÍ fe¥sxh\ pw∑fd` lSfud` `vius ?j-ifjokj ls fud`k¥s tk ld`rs gß\
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/726
 (2) nsæ eÍ cÈ<rk HzÆVkpkj lekt ij
ud`kjkRed` ^Hko Mk¥ jgk gS\ vke
tuekul ;g lkspus ij etcwj gS fd`
vkf[j fd`ld`h j”k d`h tk, vkSj D;kÍ =
HzÆVkpkfj;kÍ ds` f[¥kœ` d`Bksj d`kuwuh
^ko|ku u gksus ds` d`kj. os vkjke ls cjh
gks tkrs gß] NksVs ^æklfud` Lrj ls ¥sd`j
l®k ds` xf¥;kjkÍ rd` HzÆV ¥ksxkÍ d`k
cks¥ck¥k gS\ d`bZ ?ksVk¥kÍ rƒk vkijkf|d`
eke¥kÍ eÍ ækfe¥ ¥ksx l®k eÍ fojkteku
gß\ muds` f[¥kœ` d`kSu d`k;Zokgh d`js]
D;kÍfd` l®k Hh mud`h gS d`kuwu Hh mud`k
gS\ lsuk eÍ Hh bl ^d`kj ds` dq`N eke¥s
lkeus vkus ls vke turk d`ks csgn
fujkæk gqbZ gS\ vr# ¥ksxkÍ eÍ nsæHfDr rƒk
LokfHeku txkus ds` f¥, HzÆVkpkj d`ks
[Re d`jds` LoPN ikjnæhZ rƒk ltx
¥ksd`rU( d`ks d`k;e d`juk tÔjh gS\
HzÆVkpkj eÍ ækfe¥ ¥ksxkÍ d`ks rqjUr ^Hko
ls fu¥fEcr d`j mUgÍ d`Bksj d`kuwuh n≥M
d`k ^ko|ku cuk;k tkuk pkfg,\ HzÆVkpkj
ij ¥xke ¥xsxh rks nsæokfl;kÍ eÍ Hh ubZ
˜tkZ d`k lapkj gksxk\
(3) lsuk ds` LoÔi eÍ le;kuqlkj
vko';d` œs`jcn¥ d`jus] mlds` d`k;ksÛ d`ks
foLrkj nsus vƒok mld`h uohu Hwfed`k
cukus ds` f¥, le;-le; ij O;kid` Lrj
ij leh”k d`juk vfuok;Z gS\ ds`Unz
ljd`kj rƒk lsuk nksukÍ d`ks bl eqnΩns ij
ltxrk fn[krs gq, lkƒ-lkƒ ijLij
lg;ksx ls d`k;Z d`juk pkfg,] blds` f¥,
lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ d`ks ig¥s Lo;a vius Lrj
ls xgu Nkuchu d`jds` vkil eÍ le;-
le; ij foLr~r fopkj-foeæZ d`juk
pkfg,] rRi'pkrΩ viuh laLrqfr;k∑ ds`Unz
ljd`kj ds` le” j[uh pkfg,\ ds`Unz
ljd`kj rƒk lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ ds` chp bl
^d`kj d`h leh”k cSBdÍ` fu;fer gksuh
pkfg,\ bleÍ j”k lkefjd` rƒk lSU;
foæs"KkÍ rƒk iwoZ lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ d`ks Hh
ækfe¥ fd`;k tkuk pkfg,\ ijLij fopkj-
foeæZ ds` ckn tks vke jk; d`k;e gksrh gS
mlds` vuqlkj ubZ uhfr;k∑ fu|kZfjr d`h
tkuh pkfg,\ flœZ` ubZ uhfr;k∑ cukuk Hj
d`kœ`h ugÓ gS] cfYd` mld`k lœ`¥ rƒk
lgh f∂`;kUo;u gksuk Hh vfr vko';d` gS\
(4) vius v|huLƒ tokukÍ ds` lkƒ
HsnHko iw.Z O;ogkj d`jus ok¥s vƒok
mud`k fd`lh ^d`kj d`k æks". o mRihÈMu
d`jus ok¥s lSU; vf|d`kfj;kÍ ds` f[¥kœ`
d`Bksj d`k;Zokgh d`juh pkfg,\ vf|d`kaæ
ekSd`kÍ ij bl ^d`kj ds` eke¥kÍ d`ks nck
fn;k tkrk gS\ vƒok lkoZtfud` ugÓ fd`;k
tkrk] D;kÍfd` blls lsuk rƒk vke
tuekul ds` euksc¥ ij ud`kjkRed`
euksoSKkfud` ^Hko iÈMus d`k [rjk jgrk
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/727
gS] exj bl ^d`kj d`h ?VukvkÍ ij
vkoj. vksÈ< ¥sus ls bu eke¥kÍ eÍ cÈ<ks®jh
gksrh tk,xh\ Bhd` gS lsuk bl ij viuh
rjg ls d`kuwuh n≥M d`k ^ko|ku d`js]
exj nks"h vf|d`kjh d`ks D;k ltk eqd`jZj
d`h xbZ rƒk eke¥s d`k okLrfod` ig¥w
D;k ƒk] bld`ks lkoZtfud` d`juk x¥r Hh
ugÓ gS] vxj nks"h vf|d`kjh ds` f[¥kœ`
Rofjr d`k;Zokgh gksrh gS rks bld`k vke
turk ij ld`kjkRed` ^Hko gh iÈMsxk`=
tokukÍ d`k vius futh d`kekÍ eÍ bLrsek¥
d`jus ok¥s nks"h vœ`ljkÍ ds` f[¥kœ` Hh
mfpr d`k;Zokgh gksuh pkfg,\
(5) lS U ; c¥kÍ d`h HkoukvkÍ ;k
tTckrkÍ d`ks vk|qfud` nkSj eÍ nck;k ugÓ
tk ld`rk] D;kÍfd` blls vU; rjg d`h
fod~`fr;k∑ lkeus vk ld`rh gS] exj bl
ckr ij vf|d` xkSj d`jus d`h tÔjr gS
fd` mud`h Hkouk,a ;k tTckr mud`h
d`etksjh ugÓ cfYd` etcwrh cus rƒk os
vius d`®ZO;kÍ ds` ^fr gesæk ltx cus jgs\
mueÍ bl ^d`kj d`k fo'okl iSnk d`juk gS
fd` ?j-ifjokj rƒk lekt ls nwj jgus ij
I;kj rƒk lnΩHkouk d`e ugÓ gksrh gS]
cfYd` vkSj vf|d` cÈ< tkrh gS] blds`
f¥, euksoSKkfud`kÍ d`h l¥kg ¥h tk
ld`rh gS\ lsuk pkgs rks euksoSKkfud`kÍ rƒk
euksfpfd`Rld`kÍ ds` u, in l~ftr d`j
ld`rh gS\ lSU; c¥kÍ d`ks ekufld` Ôi ls
vf|d` lqn~È< cukus ds` f¥, ;ksx ÷;ku
i*fr;kÍ d`ks fu;fer fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\
blh ^d`kj tokukÍ `d`h ekufld` ƒd`ku ;k
mck˜iu nwj d`jus ds` f¥, [s¥dw`n
^fr;ksfxrkvkÍ] lkaLd~`frd` d`k;Z∂`ekÍ] laxhr
lekjks g kÍ rƒk blh ^d`kj ds ` vU;
d`k;Z∂`ekÍ d`k vk;kstu Hh fd`;k tk ld`rk
gS ftleÍ lSU; c¥kÍ d`h Hkxhnkjh Hh
lqfuf'pr gks rƒk blds` f¥, ikfjrksf"d`
d`h O;oLƒk Hh d`h tkuh pkfg,\
(6) fo»k¥;kÍ eÍ ‘lSU;-fæ”k’\ tSls
u, ^;ksx vo'; fd`, tkus pkfg, rkfd`
lSU;-lsokvkÍ eÍ tkus ds` f¥, bPNqd` cPpkÍ
d`ks cpiu ls gh ækjhfjd` rƒk ekufld`
Ôi ls rS;kj fd`;k tk,] lSU; lsokvkÍ eÍ
vf|d`kjh cuus ds` f¥, ls¥sDæu ^f∂`;k
12 oÓ D¥kl ij vk|kfjr jgh gS] exj
vc blds` f¥, 10oÓ D¥kl ds` ckn ^;kl
æqÔ fd`, tkus pkfg,] blls tkWc ds` ^fr
vfHHkod` rƒk cPps nksukÍ ,';ksMZ gks
tk,axs] exj lSU; fæ”k ,sfPNd`` gksuh
pkfg,\
(7) ehfM;k ftl rjg ls if'pe vfr
HkSfrd`rkoknh laLd~`fr d`h vksj ;qokvkÍ d`ks
HVd`k jgk gS] og mfpr ugÓ gS\ ;qokvkÍ
d`ks bl ckr d`k vglkl fn¥kuk tÔjh gS
fd` fd`lh laLd~`fr d`k va|kHDr cud`j
ge cÈMs ugÓ cu tkrs] cfYd` cÈMk og gS
ftl O;fDr ;k nsæ d`h laLd~`fr nwljs d`ks
^Hkfor d`jus d`h ”erk j[rh gks\ ;»fi
vU; laLd~`fr;kÍ d`h vPNh ,oa xq.o®kiw.Z
ckrkÍ d`ks vkRelkrΩ vo'; d`juk pkfg,]
exj mld`h fod~`fr;kÍ d`ks viukd`j d`ksbZ
Hh O;fDr ;k nsæ egkuΩ ugÓ curk\
ehfM;k d`ks viuk m®jnkf;Ro le>uk
pkfg, vkSj vxj os ,slk ugÓ d`jrs rks
muds` f[¥kœ` d`ksbZ d`kuwuh ^ko|ku cuk;k
tk ld`rk gS\
●●●
æs" i~ÆB 713 d`k
rqd`cUnh ^Lrqr d`h tkrh gS\ bud`k ,d`-
,d` mnkgj. uhps fn;k tk jgk gS%
igs¥h%
,d` ukj nks d`ks ¥s cSBh ‰
VsÈ<h gksd`j fc¥ eÍ iSBh ‰‰
ftlds` cSBs mls lqgk; ‰
[qljks mlds` c¥-c¥ tk; ‰‰
·m®j # ik;tkek‚
eqd`jh%
tc esjs efUnj eÍ vkos ‰
lksrs eq>d`ks vku txkos ‰‰
iÈ<r fœ`jr og fojg ds` vPNj ‰
,s lf[ lktu = uk lf[ ePNj ‰‰
·m®j # ePNj‚
nks l[quk%
jksVh t¥h D;kÍ =
?ksÈMk vÈMk D;kÍ =
iku lÈMk D;kÍ =
·m®j # œs`jk u ƒk‚
fulcr%
vkneh vkSj xsgw∑ eÍ D;k fulcr gS=
·m®j # ck¥‚
vehj [qljks d`k thou lHh |eksÛ ds`
f¥, leku Hko d`k thoar mnkgj. jgk
gS\ og fgUnh ds` ^kjfEHd` d`fo jgs gß\
fgUnh [ÈMh cks¥h ds` fod`kl d`k v÷;;u
muds` ;ksxnku d`h ppkZ fd`, fcuk v|wjk
gh ekuk tkrk gS\ mud`h igsf¥;kÍ] eqd`fj;kÍ
eÍ [ÈMh cks¥h d`k cÈMk lqƒjk Ôi fe¥rk
gS\ muds` fgUnh ^se d`ks ns[d`j xzhCt us
f¥[k gS fd` bl ckr ij ÷;ku nsuk cgqr
gh euksjatd` gS fd` mPp in ^kIr eql¥-
ekukÍ ds` e÷; Hh fgUnh vR;f|d` lEekfur
gksrh jgh gS\
●●●
 17. egkRek xka|h ds`o¥ ,d` ckj ·1924 bZ\ eÍ‚ d`kaxzsl v÷;”
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa laL—fr cus\ ;g vf|osæu d`gk∑ gqvk ƒk=
% cs¥xk∑o eÍ
01. ^kphu lkezkT; ‘vofUr’ d`h jkt|kuh d`gk∑ ƒh= 18. lqHk"pUnz cksl us d`kaxzsl ds` fd`l vf|osæu eÍ v÷;” pqus
% mTtSu tkus ds` ckn bLrhœ`k fn;k ƒk ftlds` ifj.keLoÔi MkW\
jktsUnz ^lkn d`kaxsl ds` v÷;” cus=
02. vius lkezkT; d`ks ‘nk:¥ bL¥ke’ d`k ,d` Hkx le>us
ok¥k ^ƒe eqfL¥e ækld` d`kSu ƒk= % f(iqjh vf|osæu (1939) eÍ
% bYrqrfeæ 19. lkbeu d`ehæu ds` fojks| eÍ ^næZud`kfj;kÍ ij iqf¥l ¥kBh
03. fd`l ækld` us okjax¥ ds` ^rki:nz nso ls d`ksfguwj ghjk pktZ eÍ ?k;¥ gksus ds` œ`¥LoÔi fd`l jkÆV_h; usrk d`h e~R;q
^kIr fd`;k ƒk= gqbZ=
% v¥kmnΩnhu f[¥th us % ¥k¥k ¥ktir jk; d`h
04. fnY¥h ds` fud`V rqx¥d`kckn ds` fd`¥s d`k fuekZ. fd`l 20. egkRek xka|h us ^ƒe ukxfjd` voKk vkUnks¥u (Civil
ækld` us d`jok;k ƒk= Disobedience Movement) fd`l ?Vuk ds` i'pkrΩ ^kjEH
% fx;klqnΩnhu rqx¥d` us fd`;k=
% lkbeu d`ehæu ds` d`kj.
05. e;wj ¯lgklu d`k fuekZ. fd`l eqx¥ cknækg ds` æklu
d`k¥ eÍ gqvk ƒk=
% ækgtgk∑ ds` æklu d`k¥ eÍ Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk ,oa lafo/kku
06. vkSjaxtsc us fd`l lar d`ks e~R;q n≥M fn;k ƒk=
% xq: rsxcgknqj d`ks
07. ef¥d` vEcj ew¥Ôi ls d`gk∑ d`k fuoklh ƒk= 21. lafo|ku lHk d`h ^ƒe cSBd` 9 fnlEcj] 1946 d`ks MkW\
% bƒksfi;k d`k lfPpnkuan flUgk d`h v÷;”rk eÍ gqbZ\ fd`l ^eq[ jktuhfrd`
n¥ us bld`k cfgÆd`kj fd`;k ƒk=
08. Hkjr eÍ bZLV bf≥M;k d`Eiuh d`k æklu d`c lekIr fd`;k % eqfL¥e ¥hx us
x;k=
% 1858 bZ\ eÍ 22. lafo|ku lHk ds` laoS|kfud` l¥kgd`kj in ij fd`ld`h
09. ¥ksd` lsok eÍ Hkjrh;kÍ d`h fu;qfDr u d`jus d`h uhfr d`k vkjEH fu;qfâ` d`h xbZ=
fd`lus fd`;k ƒk= % MkW\ ch\ ,u\ jko d`h
% ¥kWMZ d`kuZokf¥l us 23. N# ekSf¥d` vf|d`kj d`kSu–d`kSuls gß=
10. cukjl eÍ lsUV_¥ fgUnw Ldw`¥ d`h Lƒkiuk fd`lus d`h ƒh= % 1. lekurk d`k vf|d`kj] 2. Lora(rk d`k vf|d`kj]
% ,suh cslÍV us 3. æks". ds` fo:`* vf|d`kj] 4. |kfeZd` Lora(rk
d`k vf|d`kj] 5. laLÎ`fr rƒk fæ”k d`k vf|d`kj]
6. lkafo|kfud` mipkjkÍ d`k vf|d`kj
jk"Vªh; LorU=rk vkUnksyu 24. ¥ksd` lHk ds` ^ƒe v÷;” ƒs%
% x.sæ oklqnso eko¥ad`j
11. nf¥r oxZ d`ks lkekftd` U;k; fn¥kus ds` mˆs'; ls ‘tfLVl 25. Hkjr ds` ^ƒe eq“; U;k;k|hæ d`kSu ƒs=
vkUnks¥u 1915-16 bZ\’ eÍ d`gk∑ ls ^kjEH gqvk ƒk= % ghjk¥k¥ ts\ d`kfu;k
% enzkl ·vc psUubZ‚ ls 26. jkÆV_ifr ds` R;kxi( d`h lwpuk mijkÆV_ifr fd`ld`ks nsrk gS=
12. ‘n xzsV fjoksYV’ uked` iqLrd` ds` ¥s[d` d`kSu gß= % ¥ksd` lHk v÷;” ·Lihd`j‚ d`ks
% væksd` esgrk 27. Hkjr d`k egkU;k;oknh (Attorney General of India) d`c
13. 1857 eÍ b¥kgkckn eÍ fonzksg d`k usr~Ro fd`lus fd`;k ƒk= rd` in |kj. d`j ld`rk gS=
% f¥;kd`r v¥h us % jkÆV_ifr ds` ^lkni;ZUr
14. egkjkuh foDVksfj;k d`h ?ks".k d`ks b¥kgkckn njckj eÍ 28. ;fn ¥ksd` lHk v÷;” vuqifLƒr gks rks laln ds` la;qâ`
fd`lus iÈ<k ƒk= vf|osæu d`h v÷;”rk d`kSu d`jrk gS=
% ¥kWMZ ds`¯ux us % ¥ksd` lHk d`k mik÷;”
15. lafo|ku lHk ds` fopkj foeæZ eÍ Hkx ugÓ f¥;k ƒk% 29. lafo|ku ds` fd`l vuqPNsn ds` ^ko|kukÍ ds` vUrxZr Hkjr
% eqfL¥e ¥hx rƒk nsæh jkT;kÍ us ljd`kj }kjk Hkjr jRu] inΩe foHw". vkfn v¥ad`j. ^nku
16. Hkjr foHktu ds` f¥, 3 twu] 1947 bZ\ d`ks cukbZ ;kstuk ƒh% fd`, tkrs gß`=
% ekm≥VcSVsu ;kstuk % vuqPNsn 18 ds` vUrxZr
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/728
30. ¥ksd`rkaf(d` fods`Unzhd`j. d`h ;kstuk d`jus ok¥h lfefr d`k 47. jkÆV_h; lkaf“;d`h; fnol 29 twu d`ks fd`lds` tUe fnol ds`
D;k uke gS= mi¥{; eÍ euk;k tkus ¥xk gS=
% c¥oUrjk; esgrk lfefr % ih\ lh\ egk¥uksfol/nsæ ds` egkuΩ lkaf“;d`hos®k
rƒk d`ks¥d`krk fLƒr Hkjrh; lkaf“;d`h; laLƒku
(Indian Statistical Institute) ds` laLƒkid` ds`
Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy tUe fnol ds` mi¥{; eÍ
48. [k» ,ao Î`f" laxBu (FAO) d`k eq“;k¥; d`gk∑ gS=
31. fcztVkmu fd`l nsæ d`h jkt|kuh gS= % jkse ·bV¥h‚ eÍ
% ckjckMksl d`h
49. fo'o cßd` d`h ‘mnkj )`. ^nku d`jus ok¥h f[ÈMd`h’ fd`ls
32. fo'o d`h d`kSulh unh Hwe÷; js[k d`ks nks ckj ∂`kl d`jrh gS= d`gk tkrk gS=
% d`kaxks unh % vUrjkZÆV_h; fod`kl la? (IDA) d`ks
33. ‘Mwj≥M js[k’ fd`u nks nsækÍ ds` chp vUrjkZÆV_h; lhek fu|kZfjr
d`jrh gS`= 50. Hkjr d`h ig¥h ekuo fod`kl fjiksVZ (HDR) d`c tkjh d`h
% vœ`xkfuLrku vkSj Hkjr ds` chp xbZ ƒh=
% v^S¥ 2002 eÍ
34. mÈMhlk eÍ ‘flfe¥hik¥ oU; vH;kj≥;’ d`gk∑ fLƒr gS=
% e;wjHat eÍ
35. ‘;wjksi d`k d`kWd`fiV’ (Cockpit of Europe) fd`l nsæ d`ks lkekU; foKku
d`grs gß=
% csfYt;e d`ks 51. gkbM_kSf¥d` czsd` fd`l fl*kUr ij d`ke d`jrs gß=
36. Hkjr d`k nf”.re fcUnq d`g¥krk gS% % ikLd`¥ ds` fl*kUr ij
% bfUnjk ikWbUV 52. fd`l ?Vuk ds` d`kj. rkjs fVefVekrs (Twinkling) ^rhr
37. ‘lrhæ |ou vUrfj” ds`Unz’ (Satish Dhawan Space gksrs gß=
Centre) d`gk∑ fLƒr gS= % viorZu d`h ∂`fed` ?Vuk ds` d`kj.
% Jhgfjd`ksVk ·vkU|z ^nsæ‚ 53. gheksX¥ksfcu fd`ld`h egRoiw.Z ?Vd` gksrh gS=
38. uSUlh fd`l nsæ d`k ^eq[ vkS»ksfxd` uxj gS`= % ¥k¥ jâ` lSYl d`h
% fczVsu d`k 54. nks rRo d`kSuls gß] tks lokZf|d` la“;k eÍ ;kSfxd`kÍ d`k fuekZ.
39. fo'o d`k lcls cÈMk egklkxj d`kSulk gS= d`jrs gß=
% ^ækUr egklkxj (Pacific Ocean) % gkbM_kstu vkSj d`kcZu
40. fijsuht ioZr fd`u nks nsækÍ ds` chp gS`= 55. ikfjfLƒfrd`h (Ecology) fd`lds` v÷;;u ls lEcfU|r gS=
% ≠`k∑l vkSj Lisu % tho o i;kZoj. ds` lg–lEcU|kÍ ls
56. ekuo æjhj d`h lcls NksVh gMΩMh gksrh gS%
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk % LVsfil
57. ekuo æjhj eÍ ‘vk;ksMhu ;qDr ued`’ d`k D;k d`k;Z gS=
% ƒk;jkW;M xzfUƒ;kÍ ds` d`k;Z d`ks fu;af(r d`juk
41. fd`ls I¥kfLVd` euh d`gk tkrk gS=
% ∂s`fMV d`kMZ rƒk MsfcV d`kMZ nksukÍ d`ks 58. æjhj d`k d`kSulk vax ,d` ^d`kj ls ‘:f|j cßd`’ (Blood
Bank) d`k d`k;Z d`jrk gS=
42. vkbZ\ ih\ vks\ (IPO) d`k iw.ZÔi D;k gS=
% buhfæ;¥ ifC¥d` vkWœ`j (Initial Public Offer) % I¥hgk (Spleen)
43. d`kSulk lwpd`kad` fd`lh nsæ ds` ¥ksxkÍ d`h vk;q lEHkfork] 59. e¥sfj;k cq[kj œS`¥kus ok¥s ePNj d`k uke gS%
lk”jrk Lrj] fæ”k vkSj thou Lrj ekius ds` f¥, rS;kj % ,ukŒ¥ht ePNj
fd`;k x;k gS= 60. euqÆ; d`h ^R;sd` d`ksfæd`k eÍ ∂`ksekslksEl d`h la“;k gksrh gS%
% ekuo fod`kl lwpd`kad` (Human Development Index) % 46
44. 13oÍ fo® vk;ksx ds` v÷;” d`kSu gß=
% fot; ds`¥d`j
—f"k
45. vfu¥ d`iwj ABC ds` v÷;” gß\ bleÍ ABC d`k D;k vƒZ gS=
% vkWfMV C;wfj;ks vkWœ` ljdq`¥sæu
61. xzkeh. ”s(kÍ eÍ vfrfjâ` ¥kH^n jkstxkj ^nku d`jus gsrq
(Audit Bureau of Circulation)
lkƒ gh [k» lqj”k] lkekftd` ,oa vkfƒZd` lqfo|k,a nsus ds`
46. 1 tuojh] 1981 ls SDR d`k ewY; ik∑p lcls cÈMs fu;kZrd` f¥, ‘,l th vkj okbZ’ (SGRY%lEiw.Z xzkeh. jkstxkj
lnL; nsækÍ d`h eqnzkvkÍ d`h ckLds`V (Basket) ds` vk|kj ij ;kstuk‚ tokgj xzke le~f* ;kstuk vkSj lqfuf'pr jkstxkj
fu|kZfjr fd`;k tkus ¥xk gS\ ;g eqnzk,a gß% ;kstuk nksukÍ d`ks fe¥kd`j] d`c æqÔ d`h xbZ ƒh=
% ;w\ ,l\ MkW¥j] ekdZ`] ;su] ≠Í`d` rƒk ikm≥M LVj¯¥x % 25 flrEcj] 2001 d`ks
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/729
62. ‘jkÆV_h; xzkeh. jkstxkj xkjUVh vf|fu;e] 2005’ ·‘ujsxk’ 73. ‘j.th V_kWœ`h’ d`k lEcU| fd`l [s¥ ls gS=
% ‘NAREGA’–National Rural Employment Guaran- % f∂`ds`V ls
tee Act, 2005‚ ds` rgrΩ vdq`æ¥ ækjhfjd` Je d`jus ds` 74. f∂`ds`V [s¥ ds` f¥, pfpZr ækjtkg (Sharjah) d`gk∑ gS=
bPNqd` xzkeh. ifjokj ds` o;Ld` lnL;kÍ d`ks ,d` fo®h; o"Z % ;w\ ,\ bZ\ eÍ
eÍ vf|d`re fd`rus fnukÍ d`h etnwjh jkstxkj nsus gsrq æqÔ
d`h xbZ ƒh ;g ;kstuk…… 75. ¥kWu Vsful d`ksVksÛ ds` f¥, fo“;kr foEc¥Mu d`gk∑ gS=
% 100 fnukÍ d`k etnwjh jkstxkj % ¥Unu eÍ
63. ‘ujsxk’ (NAREGA) ds` vf|fu;e] 2005’ d`ks loZ^ƒe 76. vt¥uækg gkWd`h VwukZeÍV d`h estckuh d`kSulk nsæ d`jrk gS=
nsæ ds` fd`rus pqus x, ft¥kÍ eÍ 2 œ`jojh] 2006 ls ¥kxw % e¥sfæ;k
d`j æqÔ fd`;k x;k= 77. fpUukLokeh LVsfM;e d`gk∑ fLƒr gS=
% 200 p;fur ft¥kÍ eÍ % cÍx¥q:` eÍ
64. ^|kuea(h xzke lÈMd` ;kstuk (PMGSY–Pradhan 78. ekuothr ¯lg la|q fd`l [s¥ ls lEcfU| gß`=
Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana)–100% ds`Unz ^k;ksftr % fuækusckth ls
;kstuk%lÈMd`kÍ ls u tqÈMh clkoVkÍ d`ks lÈMd` lEidZ` 79. VΩoÍVh–20 fo'o d`i f∂`ds`V eÍ Hkjr us lsehœ`kbu¥ eSp
mi¥C| d`jkus gsrq] d`c æqÔ d`h xbZ ƒh= fd`l nsæ d`h Vhe ds` f[¥kœ` [s¥k ƒk=
% fnlEcj 2002 ls % vkLV_sf¥;k d`h Vhe ds` lkƒ
65. NSAP (National Social Assistance Programme) 80. isu¥ΩVh LV_ksd` æCn fd`l [s¥ ls lEcfU|r gS=
vƒkZrΩ jkÆV_h; lkekftd` lgk;rk d`k;Z d`c æqÔ fd`;k x;k % gkWd`h ls
ƒk=
% o"Z 1995–96 eÍ
66. xzkeh. fod`kl ea(k¥; ·Hkjr ljd`kj‚%BPL (Below fofo/k
Poverty Line) ifjokjkÍ d`ks ed`kukÍ ds` fuekZ./ejEer eÍ
lgk;rkƒZ ‘bafnjk vkokl ;kstuk’ (IAY–Indira Awas 81. d`kaxzsl ig¥h ckj vke pquko eÍ d`c gkjh ƒh=
Yojana) d`c ls d`k;kZfUor d`j jgk gS= % 1977 eÍ
% 1985–86 ls
82. fo'o LokLF; fnol d`c euk;k tkrk gS=
67. ‘bafnjk xka|h jkÆV_h; o~*koLƒk isæu ;kstuk’ (Indira % 7 v^S¥ d`ks
Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme–
83. ‘1984’ miU;kl fd`lus f¥[k gS=
IGNOAPS) ,d` ubZ ;kstuk ds` Ôi eÍ d`c æqÔ d`h ƒh=
% 19 uoEcj] 2007 d`ks % tkWtZ vkWjos¥ us
68. ds`Unz ljd`kj }kjk ‘lhvkj,lih’ (CRSP–Central Rural 84. ‘foMk¥ VsLV’ fd`l jksx d`h lEHkouk d`h tk∑p ds` f¥, fd`;k
Sanitation Programme) lEiw.Z LoPNrk vfH;ku%xzkeh. tkrk gS=
”s(kÍ eÍ LoPNrk d`ojst eÍ rsth ¥kus ds` mˆs'; ls ;g % Vkbœ`kbM
d`k;Z∂`e d`c æqÔ fd`;k ƒk`= 85. ^ƒe nknk lkgsc œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj fd`lus ^kIr fd`;k=
% 1986 eÍ % nsfod`k jkuh us
69. A R W S P (Accelerated Rural Water Supply 86. HVukxj iqjLd`kj fd`l ”s( eÍ ^nku fd`;k tkrk gS=
Programme) ds` ,d` Hkx ds` Ôi eÍ ds`Unz ljd`kj }kjk % foKku ,oa ^kS»ksfxd`h ds` ”s( eÍ
‘Lot¥|kjk d`k;Z∂`e’ (Swajaldhara Programme) xzkeh. 87. ;e–ufpds`rk d`h d`gkuh fd`l mifu"n eÍ gS=
t¥ vkiwfrZ d`k;Z∂`e d`ks cÈ<kok nsus gsrq fd`l o"Z ls æqÔ % d`Bksifu"nΩ eÍ
fd`;k x;k`=
% o"Z 2002–03 eÍ 88. ‘xhr xksfoUn’ ds` jpf;rk d`kSu gß= % t;nso
89. fd`l lkWŒVos;j d`Eiuh us Hkjr eÍ ‘vuf¥feVsM iksVÍfæ;¥’
70. ds`Unz ljd`kj }kjk NDWM (National Drinking Water
(Unlimited Potential) uked` fæ”k iksVZ¥ ^kjEH fd`;k gS=
Mission) %æqÔvkr 1986, d`k o"Z 1991 eÍ bl NDWM
`d`k uke cn¥ d`j u;k uke fd`;k x;k% % ekb∂`kslkWŒV us
% RGNDWM (Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking 90. ;w\ ,u\ vks\ fd`l fnu d`ks ‘vUrjkZÆV_h; v¯glk fnol’ ds`
Water Mission) Ôi eÍ ?ksf"r fd`;k gS=
% 2 vDVwcj d`ks
91. fo'o cßd` ds` orZeku v÷;” d`kSu gß=
[ksydwn % jkWcVZ tks,f¥d`
92. ‘n oftZu vkWœ` n jkWDl’ (The Virgin of the Rocks) ds`
71. Hkjrh; f∂`ds`V Vhe ds` orZeku d`ksp d`kSu gß= fp(d`kj d`kSu gß=
% xSjh d`lZVu % f¥;ksukMksZ–n–foUlh
72. vkxk [k∑ d`i fd`l [s¥ ls lEcfU|r gS= 93. egkcf¥iqjeΩ ds` jƒ efUnjkÍ d`k fuekZ. fd`lus d`jok;k ƒk=
% gkWd`h ls % uj¯lg oeZu ^ƒe us
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/730
94. gks ph feUg us fd`l nsæ ds` Lora(rk vkUnks¥u d`k usr~Ro uohu laLd`j.
fd`;k ƒk=
% fo;ruke ds` Lora(rk vkUnks¥u
95. ikfd`Lrku d`h usæu¥ vlsEc¥h d`h ^ƒe efg¥k Lihd`j d`kSu
Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l œ`kslZ
pquh xbZ gß`=
% MkW\ œ`gfenk fetkZ
96. Hkjrh; fjtoZ cßd` ds` orZeku v÷;” d`kSu cus gß=
% MkW\ Mqoqjh lqCckjko (Duwuri Subbarao) tuj¥ MΩ;wVh
97. la? ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx (UPSC) ds` u, v÷;” cus gß%
% ^ks\ Mh\ ih\ vxzok¥ ★ Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l œ`kslZ d`k∑LVsfc¥ HrhZ ijh{kk
¥s[d` # MkW\ tSu ,oa æekZ ewY; # 75.00 :i,
98. lSU; d`feZ;kÍ ds` d`ksVZ ekæZ¥ ds` œS`l¥kÍ ds` fo:* vih¥kÍ
rƒk fofHUu mPp U;k;k¥;kÍ eÍ ¥fEcr eke¥kÍ d`h Rofjr ★ Hkjr-frCcr lhek iqf¥l œ`kslZ d`k∑LVsfc¥ HrhZ ijh{kk
lquokbZ ds` f¥, u, ^Lrkfor læL( c¥ U;k;kf|d`j. lEiknd` e≥M¥ lkekU; Kku niZ. ewY; # 99.00 :i,
(Armed Forces Tribunal) ds` ^ƒe v÷;” d`k nkf;Ro
fd`ls lkßik x;k gS= uohu
% U;k;ewfrZ ,\ ds`\ ekƒqj ·mPpre U;k;k¥; ^Lrqfr
ls lsokfuo~r U;k;k|hæ‚
99. ijeohj p∂` ls lEekfur ^ƒe O;fâ` gß%
% lkseukƒ æekZ
100. lq^fl* ¯¥xjkt efUnj d`gk∑ fLƒr gS=
% Hqous'oj ·mÈMhlk‚ eÍ
101. ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj ls lEekfur ^ƒe Hkjrh; efg¥k d`kSu gß=
% enj Vsjslk ¥s[d`}; # MkW\ ¥k¥ ,oa tSu
d`ksM ua\ 522 ewY; # 145/-
102. jkÆV_h; Hwfe lq|kj ifj"nΩ ds` v÷;” gß% E-mail : publisher@upkar.in
% MkW\ eueksgu ¯lg
mid`kj izd`kæu] vkxjk–2 Website : www.upkar.in

103. nf”. vejhd`k ds` fd`l nsæ us ,d` efg¥k d`ks viuk jkÆV_ifr
pquk gS=
% vtsZ≥Vhuk us
104. Î`f"/^kƒfed`rk ^kIr ”s( d`ks )`. nsus ds` ckjs eÍ uhfr;k∑
cukus ok¥h æh"Z laLƒk gS%
% ukckMZ (NABARD)
105. fd`l m»ksx eÍ ‘Hkjh ikuh’ (Heavy Water) d`k mi;ksx
fd`;k tkrk gS=
% U;wD¥h;j ikWoj tujsæu I¥kUV eÍ
106. ‘ikfd`Lrku # n xS n ¯jx LVkW E lZ ’ (Pakistan : The
Gathering Storms) iqLrd` fd`lus f¥[h gS=
% csuthj HqVΩVks us
107. ASEAN fd`l ”s( ds` nsækÍ d`k laxBu gS=
% nf”.–iwohZ ,fæ;kbZ nsækÍ d`k
108. ‘fgUnqLrku VkbEl’ ds` ^|ku lEiknd` fd`UgÍ cuk;k x;k gS=
% lat; ukjk;. d`ks
109. ,u\ ,l\ th\ ls D;k vfH^k; gS=
% U;wfD¥;j lI¥k;lZ xzqi ;g ijek.q rd`uhd` vkSj lkt–
lkeku d`h lI¥kbZ d`jus ok¥s nsækÍ d`k laxBu gS
110. vkrad`h ge¥s eÍ ÷oLr ‘oYMZ V_sM lsUVj’ ds` Lƒku ij
vejhd`k eÍ fo'o d`h lcls ˜∑ph VkWoj d`k fuekZ. fd`;k
tk jgk gS\ bld`k uke ‘≠`hMe VkWoj’ D;kÍ j[k x;k gS=
% D;kÍfd` œq`VkÍ eÍ bld`h ˜∑pkbZ (1776 œq`V) vejhd`k
ds` Lora(rk ^kIr d`jus ds` o"Z d`ks fuÔfir d`jsxh\
●●●

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/731

 vkxkeh Hkjrh; flfo¥ lsok ·eq“;‚ ijh”k 2009 gsrq foæs" ekWM¥ g¥ ^'u-i(

lkekU; v÷;;u ·^ƒe ^'u-i(‚

^'u 1. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ nks ds`

m®j nhft,%
·^R;sd` ¥xHx 250 æCn eÍ‚
·d`‚ mUuhloÓ ærkCnh eÍ 1850 ds`
ckn Hkjr eÍ ^kjEH gq, ^eq[ lekt
lq|kj vkUnks¥ukÍ ij ppkZ d`hft,\ bu
vkUnks¥ukÍ us Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; vkUnks¥u
eÍ fd`l ^d`kj ;ksxnku fn;k`=
·[‚ caxk¥ foHktu ds` ihNs ew¥
mnΩns'; D;k ƒs= blds` D;k ifj.ke gq,=
bls D;kÍ Lƒfxr d`j fn;k x;k`=
·x‚ dS`fcusV feæu ;kstuk D;k
ƒh= bl ;kstuk eÍ ‘lewghd`j.’ ls D;k
vkæ; ƒk= blds` ^fr d`kaxzsl vkSj
eqfL¥e ¥hx d`k D;k n~fÆVd`ks. ƒk=
m®j%

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/732
 ^'u 3. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ nks
ds` m®j nhft,%
·^R;sd` ¥xHx 150 æCnkÍ eÍ‚
·d`‚ fgek¥; d`h ufn;kÍ d`h foæs"-
rkvkÍ d`h ppkZ d`hft,\ d`kSulh ufn;kÍ us
fgek¥; ds` vkj–ikj xgjh ?kfV;kÍ d`k
fuekZ. fd`;k gS=
·[‚ vk|s ls vf|d` Hkjr ds` d`dZ`
js[k (Tropic of Cancer) ds` ckgj jgus
ds` ckotwn Hkjr d`ks mÆ.d`fVcU|h;
Hkjr d`gk tkrk gS] D;kÍ=
·x‚ Hkjr eÍ ¥kSg ,oa bLikr ds`
^'u 2. fuEuf¥f[r ds` lEcU| eÍ lHh cÈMs la;U(kÍ ds` i\ caxk¥] >kj[≥M]
f¥f[,% ·^R;sd` 20 æCn eÍ‚ mÈMhlk] N®hlxÈ< rƒk vkU|z ^nsæ d`h
iVΩVh eÍ gh Lƒkfir fd`, tkus ds` D;k
·d`‚ lkse ^d`kæ d`kj. gß`= rdZ` lfgr O;k“;k d`hft,\
·[‚ ¥kWMZ eSd`k¥s
m®j
·x‚ æqf* vkUnks¥u
·?‚ æs[ vCnq¥ g¥h¥ æjkj
·î‚ BDd`j ckik
·p‚ ,uh cslsUV
·N‚ ¥BΩBekj gks¥h
·t‚ Lojkt ikVhZ
·>‚ jke ¯d`d`j
·ík‚ ukuk lkgc
·V‚ vkfnoS®
·B‚ lSj–,–xq¥œ`jksæu
·M‚ xkU|kj d`¥k
·<‚ lkjukƒ
·.‚ JhjaxiVue
m®j

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/733
 ^'u 5. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lh ,d`
^'u d`k m®j nhft,%
·¥xHx 250 æCnkÍ eÍ‚
·d`‚ ∏xBcU|u ljd`kjÍ Hkjrh;
jktuhfr d`k vfHUu vax cu xbZ gß\∏
fVIi.h d`hft,\
·[‚ ∏ækfUriw.Z fuÆi” pquko
Hkjrh; ¥ksd`rU( d`h ,d` vHwriwoZ
lœ`¥rk gS\π foospuk d`hft,\
m®j
^'u 4. fuEuf¥f[r ds` lEcU| eÍ
f¥f[, % ·^R;sd` ¥xHx 20 æCnkÍ eÍ‚
·d`‚ ;wV_ksfœ`ds`æu
·[‚ tSoe≥M¥ fjtoZl
·x‚ ,l\ bZ\ tSM
·?‚ nf”. xaxk
·î‚ xkjks–jkteg¥ vUrjk¥
m®j

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/734
 ^'u 6. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ nks
^'ukÍ ds` m®j nhft,%
·^R;sd` ¥xHx 150 æCnkÍ eÍ‚
·d`‚ Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr d`ks fd`l lhek
rd` foosd`k|hu æfâ`;k∑ ^kIr gß=
·[‚ ∏Hkjr eÍ jktuhfrd` n¥kÍ ds`
Hhrj n¥h; ¥ksd`rkaf(d` ewY;kÍ d`k ”j. gks
jgk gS\π foospuk d`hft,\
·x‚ Hkjrh; lafo|ku eÍ vYila“;d`
ls D;k vkæ; gS= vYila“;d`kÍ ds` fgrkÍ d`h
j”kƒZ lafo|ku eÍ D;k ^ko|ku fd`, x,
gß`=
m®j

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/735
 ·d`‚ cPpkÍ d`ks fu#æqYd` ,oa vfuok;Z
fæ”k d`k vf|d`kj vf|fu;e 2009 ds`
^eq[ ^ko|kukÍ rƒk bld`h ^klafxd`rk ij
^d`kæ Mkf¥,\
·[‚ le¥ßfxd`rk ij fnY¥h mPp
U;k;k¥; ds` gkf¥;k fu.Z; ds` lUnHZ eÍ
Hkjr eÍ mBh cgl ds` fofHUu ig¥qvkÍ
ij ppkZ d`hft,\
^'u 7. fuEuf¥f[r ds` m®j nhft,% m®j
·^R;sd` ¥xHx 20 æCnkÍ eÍ‚
(i) laln lnL;kÍ ds` foæs"kf|d`kj
D;k gß`=
(ii) laln d`h d`kjZokgh lapk¥u eÍ
‘æwU; d`k¥’ ls D;k vkæ; gS=
(iii) dS`fcusV ,oa eaf(e≥M¥ eÍ D;k
vUrj gS`=
(iv) ^ks–VeZ Lihd`j D;k gksrk gS`=
(v) d`ke p¥k˜ ljd`kj ls D;k
vkæ; gS`=
m®j

^'u 8. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lh ,d`

d`k m®j nhft,% ·¥xHx 250 æCnkÍ eÍ‚
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/736
 m®j

^'u 9. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ nks

ds` m®j nhft,%
·^R;sd` ¥xHx 150 æCnkÍ eÍ‚
·d`‚ Hkjr eÍ ukSd`jækgh ds` cÈ<rs
^Hko ds` nqÆifj.kekÍ d`h foospuk d`hft,\
·[‚ b¥sDV_kWfud` ehfM;k eÍ efg¥k
d`h Nfo fo"; ij vius fopkj ^d`V
d`hft,\
·x‚ iapk;rh jkt laLƒkvkÍ eÍ 50
^frær Lƒku efg¥kvkÍ ds` f¥, vkjf”r
d`j fn, tkus ds` D;k fufgrkƒZ gß`=
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/737
 ^'u 10. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lh
,d` d`k m®j nhft,%
·^R;sd` ¥xHx 250 æCnkÍ eÍ‚
·d`‚ Ms j k lp[≥M ds ` lUr
jkekuUn d`h fo;uk eÍ gR;k ds` ifj.ke-
LoÔi iatkc eÍ mith tkrh; ¯glk d`ks
vki fd`l Ôi eÍ ns[rs gß`=
·[‚ Hkjr eÍ ck¥Je ds` cnrj
LoÔikÍ ij ppkZ d`hft,\ ck¥Je fuokj-
.kƒZ fd`, x, mik;kÍ d`h lœ`¥rk–
vlœ`¥rk d`k ewY;kad`u d`hft,\
m®j

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/738
 ^'u 12. fuEuf¥f[r ds` lEcU| eÍ
f¥f[,% ·¥xHx 20 æCnkÍ eÍ‚
·d`‚ vƒZ vkoj
·[‚ fofæÆV igpku la“;k (UIN)
·x‚ n”sl fo'ofo»k¥;
·?‚ ‘vkDVksil’ (OCTOPUS)
·î‚ ckUnzk–o¥hZ lh ¯¥d`
^'u 11. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ m®j
nks ds` m®j nhft,%
·¥xHx 150 æCnkÍ eÍ‚
·d`‚ lwpuk d`k vf|d`kj vf|fu;e
fd`l lhek rd` HzÆVkpkj ij jksd` ¥xkus
eÍ lœ`¥ gqvk gS`=
·[‚ Hkjr eÍ ægjh–xzkeh. [kbZ ds`
¥xkrkj pkSÈMs gksrs tkus ds` f¥, d`kSu–
d`kSuls d`kj. m®jnk;h gß = bl vUrjk¥
d`ks fd`l ^d`kj ikVk tk ld`rk gS`=
·x‚ X;kjgoÓ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk eÍ
^kƒfed` fæ”k ds` ¥{; D;k gß`=
m®j

●●●

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/739
 vkxkeh Hkjrh; flfo¥ lsok ·eq“;‚ ijh{kk] 2009 gsrq foæs" ekWM¥ gy ^'u-i(

lkekU;f}rh; v÷;;u
^'u–i(

^'u 1. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ nks

ij fVIif.;k∑ f¥f[, ·^R;sd` fVIi.h
¥xHx 150 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuh pkfg,‚%
·d`‚ Jh¥ad`k eÍ f¥VΩVs d`k lœ`k;k
vkSj Hkjr-Jh¥ad`k lEcU|\
·[‚ Hkjr-btjk;¥ lSU; lg;ksx\
·x‚ usik¥ eÍ%jktuhfrd` vfLƒjrk
,oa Hkjr\
m®j%·d`‚

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/740

^'u 2. fuEuf¥f[r ds` lEcU| eÍ 20 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk pkfg,‚%
f¥f[, ·^R;sd` ^'u d`k m®j ¥xHx
20 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk pkfg,‚%
·d`‚ Hkjr-ckaX¥knsæ t¥ lfU|
·[‚ iape fo'o t¥ œ`ksje] 2009
·x‚ vjc ¥hx fæ[j lEes¥u]
2009
·?‚ 15 oka xqV fujis” vkUnks¥u
fæ[j lEes¥u
·î‚ cz©ksl
m®j%·d`‚ Hkjr-ckaX¥knsæ t¥
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/741
^'u 3. fuEuf¥f[r ds` lEcU| eÍ
f¥f[, ·^R;sd` ^'u d`k m®j ¥xHx
·d`‚ leqnzikjh; d`kexkj lalk|u
ds`Unz (OWRC)
·[‚ ih\vkbZ\vks\ fo'ofo»k¥;
·x‚ ^oklh Hkjrh; lEeku iqjLd`kj
·?‚ Hkjr tkuks d`k;Z∂`e
·î‚ d`kSæ¥ ^ksUu;u ;kstuk
m®j%·d`‚ leq n z i kjh; d`kexkj
^'u 4. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lh ,d`
d`k m®j nhft, ·¥xHx 250 æCnkÍ eÍ‚%
·d`‚ eqnzkLœ`hfr fojks|kHkl D;k gS =
o"Z 2009 ds` e÷; eÍ Hkjr eÍ bld`k
^Hko fd`l Ôi eÍ ifj¥f”r gks jgk gS =
·[‚ cn¥rs oSf'od` ifj›'; eÍ
rsth ls mHjrh fod`klæh¥ vƒZO;oLƒkvkÍ
d`h Hwfed`k ds` lUnHZ eÍ fczd` (BRIC)
fæ[j lEes¥u 2009 d`h mi¥fC|;kÍ ij
ppkZ d`hft,\
m®j%·d`‚
 ^'u 5. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ nks
fo";kÍ ij ppkZ d`hft, ·^R;sd` ^'u d`k
m®j ¥xHx 150 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk pkfg,‚%
·d`‚ ^|kueU(h d`h jkÆV_h; d`kSæ¥
fod`kl ifj"nΩ D;k gS =
·[‚ oSf'od` eUnh d`h pisV ls
Hkjrh; vƒZO;oLƒk d`ks cpkus ds` f¥,
Hkjr ljd`kj }kjk viuk, x, mik;kÍ
d`h ppkZ d`hft,\
·x‚ jkÆV_h; [k» lqj”k feæu ds`
mˆs';kÍ ,oa d`k;Zuhfr d`ks le>kb,\
m®j%·d`‚

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/742
 ^'u 6. fuEuf¥f[r ds` ckjs eÍ
f¥f[, ·^R;sd` ^'u d`k m®j ¥xHx
20 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk pkfg,‚%
·d`‚ fo'o gfjr lwpd`kad` (World
Green Index)
·[‚ nwjUrks
·x‚ Hkjrh; fofæÆV igpku
^kf|d`j.
·?‚ ;æik¥ lfefr fjiksVZ%2009
·î‚ V_kal ,fæ;u js¥ usVodZ`
m®j%·d`‚ fo'o gfjr lwpd`kad`

^'u 7. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lh ,d`

ij f¥f[,\ ·^R;sd` d`k m®j ¥xHx
150 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk pkfg,‚%
·d`‚ efg¥kvkÍ ds` fo:`* lHh ^d`kj
ds` HsnHkokÍ d`h lekfIr ij vfHle;
(CEDAW) ds` ^eq[ ^ko|ku D;k gß
rƒk bUgÍ fd`l ^d`kj ¥kxw fd`;k tkrk gS =
·[‚ oSf'od` vkfƒZd` lad`V ds`
p¥rs rsth ls ^pf¥r uolaj”.okn ds`
vkSfpR; ij ppkZ d`hft,\
m®j%·d`‚

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/743
 ^'u 9. fuEuf¥f[r ds` lEcU| eÍ
^'u 8 . fuEuf¥f[r ds` lEcU| eÍ la”si eÍ f¥f[, ·^R;sd` ^'u d`k m®j
f¥f[, ·^R;sd` ^'u d`k m®j ¥xHx ¥xHx 20 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk pkfg,‚%
20 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk pkfg,‚% ·d`‚ th-20
·d`‚ Hkjrh; leqnk; d`Y;k. fuf| ·[‚ æa?kbZ lg;ksx laxBu
(ICWF) ·x‚ vks\,\,l\
·[‚ Hkjr-nf”. d`ksfj;k O;kikj ·?‚ th-15
le>kSrk ·î‚ vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥;
·x‚ Hkjr [kÈMh lg;ksx m®j%·d`‚ th-
·?‚ m®j d`ksfj;k d`k ijek.q
ijh”.
·î‚ ^|kueU(h vknæZ xk∑o ;kstuk
m®j%·d`‚ Hkjrh; leqnk; d`Y;k.

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/744
 ^'u 10. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lh
,d` d`k m®j nhft, ·^R;sd` ^'u d`k
m®j vf|d`re 2 5 0 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk
pkfg,‚%
·d`‚ oSf'od` xehZ (Global Warm-
ing) eÍ d`kcZu mRltZu d`h D;k Hwfed`k
gS = i;kZoj. ij blds` ^frdw`¥ ^HkokÍ
d`h foospuk d`hft,\
·[‚ Hkjr d`h ^”sikL( ^.k¥h ds`
fod`kl ∂`e rƒk orZeku fLƒfr d`h
foospuk d`hft,\
m®j%·d`‚

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/745
 ^'u 11. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`UgÓ
rhu d`ks le>kb, ·^R;sd` d`ks ¥xHx
150 æCnkÍ eÍ‚%
·d`‚ 3-th
·[‚ uksoks-th
·x‚ thu eS¯ix (Gene-Mapping)
·?‚ LVse ls¥ ƒsjsih ·mipkj‚
m®j%·d`‚
^'u 12. fuEuf¥f[r ds` ckjs eÍ
f¥f[, ·m®j ¥xHx 20 æCnkÍ eÍ gksuk
pkfg,‚%
·d`‚ gchc ruohj
·[‚ jsfiM-vkdZ` (Rapid Arc)
·x‚ vksfjfœ`æ-ltZjh
·?‚ C¥Sd` gks¥ (Black Hole)
·î‚ ¯cx (Bing)
m®j%·d`‚ gchc ruohj

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/746
 ^'u 14. ·d`‚ fd`lh oLrq ‘v’ d`h
mRiknu ¥kxr oLrq ‘c’ d`h mRiknu
¥kxr ls 10% d`e gS\ nksukÍ gh oLrq,a
20% ¥kH ij csph tkrh gß\ ;fn oLrq
‘c’ d`h 10 Vu ek(k 6000 :`i, eÍ csph
tkrh gS rks mruk gh ¥kH vftZr d`jus
ds` f¥, ‘c’ oLrq d`h fd`ruh ek(k csph
tkuh pkfg,`=
·[‚ fuEuf¥f[r lkaf“;d`h d`ks
^nfæZr d`jus ds` f¥, vki d`kSu ls fp(
d`k ^;ksx d`juk pkgÍxs =
(i) fd`lh ekg eÍ eq E cbZ LVkW d `
,DlpsUt eÍ gq, d`kjksckj d`k nSfud`
ifjek.\
(ii) Hkjr ljd`kj ds` fu;kZr ds`
^'u 13. ·d`‚ fuEuf¥f[r vk∑d`ÈMkÍ fofHUu ^eq[ oxksÛ ds` fu;kZr ewY; d`h
d`ks fd`lh mi;qDr fp( }kjk fuÔfir o"Z 1991-92 ,oa 2001-02 d`h rq¥uk\
d`hft, rƒk O;; ^Î`fr ij fVIi.h
d`hft,% (iii) 2001 d`h tux.uk eÍ tula“;k
d`k vk;q] ¯¥x ,oa flfo¥ nækvkÍ d`k
O;; ·:`i,‚
O;; d`h enÍ forj.\
ifjokj ‘v’ ifjokj ‘c’
(iv) fd`lh o"Z foæs" eÍ tula“;k eÍ
1. Hkstu 200 300
LokfeRo ds` vk|kj ij tksrkÍ d`k forj.\
2. oL( 48 75
3. fæ”k 32 40 m®j%·d`‚
4. ed`ku fd`jk;k 40 75
5. fofo| 80 110
400 600
·[‚ fd`lh d`”k ds` 50 Nk(kÍ }kjk
^kIrkad` fuEuf¥f[r ^d`kj gß%
^kIrkad` Nk(kÍ d`h la“;k
10 ls d`e 4
20 ls d`e 10
30 ls d`e 30
40 ls d`e 40
50 ls d`e 47
60 ls d`e 50
,d` mi;qDr js[kfp( cukb, rƒk
chp ds` 80 ^frær Nk(kÍ }kjk vftZr
^kIrkad`kÍ d`h jÍt crkb,\
m®j%·d`‚

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/747
 d`kjksckj eÍ vkSlr okf"Zd` o~f* nj
d`h x.uk d`hft, rƒk 2006 ds` f¥,
d`kjksckj d`k vuqeku ¥xkb,\
m®j%·d`‚

^'u 15. ·d`‚ fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ eÍ

(qfV ;k vLiÆVrk d`ks bafxr d`hft,%
(i) fd`lh d`kj[kus eÍ twrs d`h vkSlr
¥kxr o"Z 1991 eÍ :\ 110 ls cÈ<d`j o"Z
2001 eÍ 115 gks xbZ\ bld`k vƒZ gS fd`
d`kj[kus d`h ”erk eÍ fxjkoV vkbZ gS\
(ii) ,d` O;fDr vkxjk ls fnY¥h d`h
nwjh tkrs le; 60 fd`eh\ ^fr ?≥Vk ls
rƒk vkrs le; 70 fd`eh\ ^fr ?≥Vk ls
r; d`jrk gS\ mld`h vkSlr xfr 65
fd`eh ^fr ?≥Vk gqbZ\
·[‚ fd`lh d`Eiuh ds` okf"Zd`
d`kjksckj ds` vk∑d`ÈMs fuEuf¥f[r ^d`kj gß%
o"Z 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
d`kjksckj
●●●
(¥k[ :`\) 342 380 385 420 480

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UPKAR PRAKASHAN ☎ Agra 4053333, Delhi 23251866, Patna 2226540, Indore 4053333, Charkhi Dadri (01250) 220120
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/748
 ;wukbVsM bf≥M;k bU';ksjÍl ^æklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh{kk] 24-5-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i( 16. i~Foh }kjk lw;Z ls ^kIr ˜Æek d`ks
d`gk tkrk gS%
(A) vkiru
lkekU; Kku ,oa lkef;d` eke¥s·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚
(B) lkSj rki
(C) lkSj fofd`j.
(D) ˜Æeh; fofd`j.
17. d`ksjksuksxzkœ` ftlds` }kjk iw.Z lw;Z
1. fl;ke d`ks vc D;k d`gk tkrk gS`= (C) jk|k fouksn jktw xzg. d`h ^rh”k fd`, fcuk lw;Z d`k
(A) ¥kvksl (B) ƒkb¥S≥M (D) ds`\ lh\ oekZ v÷;;u fd`;k tk ld`rk gS] fd`lus
(C) fo;rukeΩ (D) d`EcksfM;k 9. Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` fd`l vuqPNsn ds` vkfoÆd`kj fd`;k`=
2. uxjkÍ d`k lgh lewg ftuls gksd`j vUrxZr Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr laln ds` (A) MksukYM esUts¥
jkÆV_h; jktekxZ ua\ 8 xqtjrk gS] gS% nksukÍ lnukÍ }kjk ikfjr fo|s;d` ij (B) fi;js tsulhu
(A) chd`kusj] vtesj] d`ksVk viuh LohÎ`fr jksd` ld`rs gß`= (C) tksu ,ojæsM
(B) tks|iqj] t;iqj] chd`kusj (A) vuqPNsn] 100 (D) cukZMZ f¥;ksV
(C) t;iqj] mn;iqj] vgenkckn (B) vuqPNsn] 111 18. vU; ckrkÍ ds` lkƒ-lkƒ cz©k≥M d`h
(D) t;iqj] iq.s] mn;iqj (C) vuqPNsn] 200 mRif® ,oa mlds` orZeku Lrj ij
3. viuh U;kf;d` iqufoZ¥ksd`u d`h æfDr (D) vuqPNsn] 222 foLr~r Lrj ij foLr~r o.Zu d`jrs
}kjk loksZPp U;k;k¥; lqfuf'pr d`jrk gq, ‘fn LV_Dpj vkWœ` ;wfuolZ’ iqLrd`
10. f(iqjk ds` O;fDr;kÍ }kjk d`kSulh Hk"k
gS% fd`lus f¥[h`=
cks¥h tkrh gS`=
(A) U;kf;d` ^eq[rk (A) jkWcVZ tlV_ks
(A) caxk¥h (B) rs¥qxq
(B) nsæ eÍ ,d` ^tkrkfU(d` ljd`kj (B) ,l\ pUnzæs[j
(C) vleh (D) e¥;k¥e
(C) nsæ eÍ ,d` laoS|kfud` ljd`kj (C) t;Ur ukjf¥d`j
11. lw;Z æs[j xkaxq¥h f[¥kÈMh gß%
(D) fd` laln ds` vkf|iR; ij (D) d`k¥Z lkxu
(A) ærjat ds` (B) f∂`ds`V ds`
fu;U(. fd`;k x;k gS 19. Jh¥ad`k ds` ml uxj d`k D;k uke gS]
(C) xksYœ` ds` (D) gkWd`h ds`
4. ewY;kad`u d`h fd`l bd`kbZ d`ks ∏isij tksfd` rfe¥ VkbxlZ d`k ^æklfud`
xksYMπ d`gk tkrk gS`= 12. ge lekpkj-i(kÍ eÍ Lisæ¥ bd`ksuksfed` ,oa jktuhfrd` eq“;k¥; jg pqd`k gS
tksUl ·lsÈtΩ‚ ds` fo"; eÍ ¥xkrkj iÈ<rs rƒk ftld`ks gk¥ gh eÍ lsuk us d`Cts
(A) isV_ksMkW¥j (B) ,l\Mh\vkj\
gß\ ;s lst fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l eÍ ¥s f¥;k`=
(C) ;wjksMkW¥j (D) th\Mh\vkj\ mˆs'; d`ks ¥sd`j Lƒkfir fd`, x, ƒs`= (A) dS`UMh (B) tkÈœ`uk
5. Hkjrh; jkÆV_xku ds` iw.Z Hk"kUrj ds` 1. Lonsæh cktkjkÍ d`ks cgqjkÆV_h; (C) fd`f¥ukspfp (D) eqY¥kbZfƒoq
xk;u d`h vof| fd`ruh gS`= d`Eifu;kÍ ls lh|h ^frLi*kZ ls
(A) 47 lsd`≥M (B) 50 lsd`≥M 20. fd`l lfefr us |kjk-88 ds` vUrxZr
laj”. ds` f¥,\
d`j NwVkÍ d`ks lekIr d`jus ds` f¥,
(C) 52 lsd`≥M (D) 60 lsd`≥M 2. Î`f" ,oa lEc* d`k;Zd`¥kikÍ d`ks ijkeæZ fn;k ƒk`=
6. cjkd` vksckek us ;w\,l\,\ ds` 44 oÍ vf|d` iw∑th ^nku d`jus ds` f¥,\
(A) ds`¥d`j lfefr
jkÆV_ifr in d`h æiƒ d`c xzg. d`h`= 3. fonsæh fuosæ d`ks ^R;” Ôi ls
vkd`f"Zr d`jus ds` f¥,\ (B) jaxjktu lfefr
(A) tuojh 15, 2009
(A) ds`o¥ 4 (C) psfY¥vkg lfefr
(B) tuojh 20, 2009
(D) ækse lfefr
(C) tuojh 25, 2009 (B) ds`o¥ 2
(D) tuojh 30, 2009 (C) ds`o¥ 3 m®j O;k“;k lfgr
7. p¥fp( ‘L¥eMkWx fef¥;us;j’ mi- (D) 1, 2 ,oa 3 lHh
U;kl ‘D;w ,≥M ,’ ij vk|kfjr gS] 13. ‘;wjks d`i’ fd`lls lEcfU|r gS`=
ftlds` ¥s[d` gß ,d` Hkjrh;%
(A) f∂`ds`V (B) œq`Vck¥
(A) [qæoUr ¯lg
(C) iks¥ks (D) eqDds`ckth
(B) [kf¥n eksgEen
(C) lcjthr ¯lg 14. fo'o i;kZoj. fnol gksrk gS%
(D) fod`kl LoÔi (A) 15 twu d`ks (B) 11 twu d`ks
(C) 17 twu d`ks (D) 30 twu d`ks
8. ‘jkÆV_h; vUos". ,tsUlh’ d`k ^ƒe
egkfunsæd` fd`ld`ks fu;qDr fd`;k x;k 15. Hkjr ds` fd`l pVΩVku vkJ; eÍ lcls
gS`= vf|d` la“;k eÍ fp(d`kfj;k∑ gß`=
(A) ih\ ,l\ æekZ (A) vknexÈ< (B) HhecsVd`k
(B) ,\ xksik¥Lokeh (C) xgxgfj;k (D) ¥sf[d`k ●●●

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/749

 fgekp¥ ^nsæ ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ·^k\‚ ijh{kk] 2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i( 20. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ,d` fgekp¥ d`h
tutkfr ugÓ gS%
(A) ¥kgkS¥k (B) xˆh
lkekU; v÷;;u (C) HkÍV (D) vlqj
·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚ 21. jkÆV_h; Î`f" chek ;kstuk d`k lw(ikr
fgekp¥ ^nsæ eÍ d`c gqvk ƒk=
(A) 1998-1999 (B) 1997-1998
61. fgekp¥ ^nsæ eÍ ‘lw(’ ·lksæ¥ 10. fgekp¥ ^nsæ d`¥k vkSj laLÎ`fr
(C) 1999-2000 (D) 2000-2001
vif¥ŒVesUV ƒzw Ôj¥ ,Dæu‚ d`h vd`kneh d`h Lƒkiuk fd`l o"Z gqbZ
Lƒkiuk d`c gqbZ ƒh= ƒh= 22. ftl le; tgk∑xhj d`k∑xÈMk vk;k ƒk
(A) 1975 (B) 1977 (A) 1966 (B) 1988 ml le; ogk∑ d`k jktk d`kSu ƒk=
(C) 1978 (D) 1979 (C) 1989 (D) 1990 (A) ck¥Hnz (B) ohjHnz
62. ”s(œ`¥ d`h n~fÆV ls fgekp¥ ^nsæ 11. fgekp¥ ^nsæ ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx d`k (C) ck¥pUnz (D) jkepUnz
d`k lcls NksVk ft¥k d`kSulk gS= ^ƒe v÷;” d`kSu ƒk= 23. ;wjksih; ;k(h ewj∂`kŒV us fgekp¥
(A) ˜uk (B) fc¥kliqj (A) Vh\ oh\ vkj\ r®kpkjh ^nsæ d`k Hze. d`c fd`;k ƒk=
(C) gehjiqj (D) lks¥u (B) fnfXot; pUnz (A) 1880–1882
63. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk )`f" (C) ¥s\ tu\ ds`\ ,l\ d`Vksp (B) 1855–1856
fgekp¥ ^nsæ ls lEc* ugÓ jgk gS= (D) ch\ lh\ ik≥Ms; (C) 1820–1822
(A) O;kl (B) ckYehfd` 12. Hksjat bl ft¥s d`h rglh¥ gS% (D) 1825–1827
(C) ekdZ`≥Ms; (D) ¥kseæ (A) gehjiqj (B) e≥Mh 24. 25 twu] 1945 d`ks ok;ljk; ds`
64. ou fjd`kMZΩl ds` vuqlkj fgekp¥ (C) ˜uk (D) d`kaxÈMk fuokl-Lƒku ok;ljhx¥ ¥kWt eÍ
^nsæ d`k dq`¥ ou ”s( gS% 13. cqægj fj;klr d`k vfUre ækld` lEiUu gq, 21 ^frfuf|;kÍ ds` lEes¥u
(A) 37033 oxZ fd`eh jktk d`kSu ƒk= eÍ eqfL¥e ¥hx d`k ^eq[ ^frfuf|
(B) 41027 oxZ fd`eh (A) lalkj pan fd`ld`ks cuk;k x;k ƒk=
(C) 39098 oxZ fd`eh (B) nsosUnz flag (A) æs[ lS;n vgen
(D) 40739 oxZ fd`eh (C) bZ'oj lsu (B) bd`ck¥ vgen
65. leqnz-r¥ ls eqfDd`¥k X¥sfæ;j d`h (D) inΩe flag (C) eksgEen v¥h ftUuk
˜∑pkbZ fd`ruh gS= 14. œq`¥kp; es¥k bl ft¥s eÍ ¥xrk gS% (D) ekS¥kuk vcq¥ d`¥ke vktkn
(A) 6478 ehVj (B) 6570 ehVj (A) fd`UukSj (B) e≥Mh 25. fgekp¥ ds` fuekZrk ds` Ôi eÍ fuEu-
(C) 6335 ehVj (D) 6642 ehVj (C) d`kaxÈMk (D) pEck f¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu tkuk tkrk gS`=
66. dq`fugkj ?kVh d`gk∑ ls æqÔ gksrh gS= 15. ikoZrh bl unh d`h lgk;d` unh gS% (A) MkW\ okbZ\ ds`\ ¯lg
(A) xqVsd`j (Gutekar) (A) lr¥t (B) ;equk (B) MkW\ okbZ\ ,l\ ijekj
(B) Vqd`fÈM;k xk∑o (C) O;kl (D) jkoh (C) MkW\ okbZ\ ,u\ æekZ
(C) dw`uh [MΩM
16. fljekSj jkT; d`k laLƒkid` d`kSu ƒk= (D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(D) ck∑M¥k
(A) jktk jlk¥w 26. ‘vukfed`k’ D;k gS=
67. leqnz-r¥ ls pEck ”s( d`h ¥kek (B) jktk Mkd` ^d`kæ
>h¥ d`h ˜∑pkbZ ·œ`hV eÍ‚ fd`ruh gS= (A) ,d` Vh\oh\ d`¥kd`kj tks fgekp¥
(C) jktk lalkj pUn ^nsæ ls lEc* gS
(A) 2700 (B) 3812
(D) jktk bZ'oj lsu (B) Hkjr eÍ vHh gk¥ eÍ fod`flr
(C) 3768 (D) 3902
,d` æfDræk¥h d`kckZbu
pk; d`k mRiknu eq“;r;k bu ft¥kÍ 17. fgekp¥ ^nsæ eÍ fgUnw |eZ d`ks ekuus
68.
ok¥s gß% (C) Hkjr d`h ,d` ^fl* œS`æu
eÍ gksrk gS%
(A) 90·3% (B) 93·2% fMtkbuj
(A) d`kaxÈMk vkSj e≥Mh
(C) 95·4% (D) 1·2% (D) lkfgR; vd`kneh iqjLd`kj ls
(B) fc¥kliqj vkSj pEck lEekfur ,d` laLÎ`r d`of;(h
(C) d`kaxÈMk vkSj dq`Y¥w 18. rSewj us uxjd`ksV ·d`kaxÈMk‚ ij vk∂`-
(D) e≥Mh vkSj ˜uk
e. d`c fd`;k ƒk`= 27. o"Z 2008 d`k ukscs¥ ækafr iqjLd`kj
(A) 1397 (B) 1399 fd`ld`ks ^nku fd`;k x;k gS=
69. fgekp¥ ^nsæ eÍ lokZf|d` vuqlwfpr-
(C) 1401 (D) 1402 (A) ¥h D¥sft;ks
tutkfr tula“;k ok¥k ft¥k d`kSulk .
gS`= 19. f[Cckj xk∑o bl ?kVh eÍ fLƒr gS% (B) ekVhZ vgfrlkjh
(A) dq`Y¥w (B) lks¥u (A) pEck (B) d`ktk (C) jkstsu okbZtsu
(C) e≥Mh (D) fljekSj (C) lkax¥k (D) ckYg (D) ƒksbfpjkÍ ukEcw

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/750
28. ikfd`Lrku f∂`ds`V cksMZ d`k u;k (A) MkW\ oS»ukƒu 45. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` egkRek
v÷;” d`kSu gS= (B) th\ ek|ou uk;j xka|h }kjk ·iw.Z Lojkt ds` f¥,‚
(A) vkflœ` v¥h tjnkjh (C) æeækn csxe ^Lrkfor jpukRed` d`k;Z∂`e eÍ ækfe¥
(B) ,tkt cV ugÓ gS=
(D) jkepUnz xqgk
(C) ljœ`jkt uokt (A) d`kSeh ,d`rk
37. ds`\ ds`\ fcÈM¥k œ`km≥Msæu d`k lkfgR;
(D) tkosn fe;kankn (B) vLi~';rk-fuokj.
ds` f¥, O;kl lEeku (2008) fd`ld`ks
29. lkbeu fc;qœ`ks; us L¥eMkWx fef¥;- (C) jkÆV_Hk"k
^nku fd`;k x;k gS`=
us;j ds` f¥, fd`l oxZ d`k vkWLd`j (A) dq`oj ukjk;. (D) fonsæh Hk"kvkÍ ds` f¥, lEeku
iqjLd`kj thrk gS= 46. ‘esVkthuksfeDl’ foKku d`h ,d`
(B) eUuw H≥Mkjh
(A) ÔikUrfjr iVd`ƒk vR;k|qfud` æk[k gS\ bleÍ ^k;#
(C) uUn Hkj}kt
(B) ekSf¥d` xhr bld`k v÷;;u fd`;k tkrk gS%
(D) nsosUnzjkt vadq`j
(C) ÷ofu-feJ. (A) ekb∂`ksCl ds` thukse d`k
(D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 38. d`¯¥x d`i d`k lEcU| blls gS% (B) ekuoh; thukse d`k
(A) œq`Vck¥ (B) Vsful
30. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus fo'oHkjrh (C) iæqvkÍ ds` thukse d`k
fo'ofo»k¥; ækafr-fuds`ru eÍ iÈ<kbZ (C) cSMfeaVu (D) psl (D) bueÍ ls fd`lh d`k ugÓ
ugÓ d`h= 39. Hkjr ds` f¥, lokZf|d` fods`V ¥sus 47. ‘ÿkbV MΩokœZ`’ d`k lEcU| blls gS%
(A) iwoZ ^|kuea(h bfUnjk xka|h ok¥s vfu¥ dq`Ec¥s us VsLV eSpkÍ eÍ
(A) [xks¥ækL(
(B) ia\ caxk¥ ds` iwoZ eq“;ea(h MkW\ dq`¥ 619 fods`V f¥, gß\ fd`rus VsLV
eSpkÍ eÍ mUgkÍus ;s fods`V f¥;s gß= (B) Î`f"
ch\ lh\ jkW;
(C) tsusfVDl
(C) veR;Z lsu (A) 130 (B) 132
(D) bueÍ ls fd`lh ls ugÓ
(D) lR;thr js (C) 133 (D) 135

31. Hkjr ljd`kj us ,d` f}-i”h; 40. vkbZ\ lh\ lh\ efg¥k d`i d`h fo'o 48. HkHk ijek.q vuqla|ku ds`Unz d`h
b¥s f ou efg¥k f∂`ds ` V Vhe d`k Lƒkiuk d`c d`h xbZ ƒh=
le>kSrs ds` rgrΩ d`Ppkfnoq }hi
Jh¥ad`k d`ks d`c lkßik ƒk`= d`Irku fd`ld`ks cuk;k x;k gS= (A) 1949 (B) 1950
(A) 1972 (B) 1973 (A) psj¥ksV ,MoMZΩl (C) 1965 (D) 1955
(C) 1974 (D) 1975 (B) dS`ƒsjhu czaV 49. eqfL¥e ¥hx d`h Lƒkiuk d`gk∑ d`h xbZ
(C) ferk¥h jkt ƒh=
32. ^kphud`k¥ eÍ fgekp¥ d`h tutkfr;kÍ
(D) ds`V iq¥œ`ksMZ (A) ¥kgkSj
d`ks d`gk tkrk ƒk%
(B) d`¥d`®k ·d`ks¥d`krk‚
(A) vk;Z (B) d`ksrh 41. fd`l Hkjrh; efg¥k d`ks vHh gk¥ gh (C) isækoj
(C) nkl (D) dq`¯¥n eÍ ÌwLVu fo'ofo»k¥;] ;w\ ,l\ ,\ (D) <kd`k
lkrok∑ ^oklh Hkjrh; fnol lEes¥u d`k dq`¥ifr fu;qDr fd`;k x;k gS=
33. 50. ‘bafM;k bafMiÍMÍl ¥hx’ d`h Lƒkiuk
bl o"Z psUubZ eÍ d`c lEiUu gqvk= (A) vfnfr ¥kfgjh
fd`lus d`h ƒh=
(A) 10–12 tuojh] 2009 (B) fJfr oMsjk (A) jkl fcgkjh cksl
(B) 7–9 tuojh] 2009 (C) MkW\ js.q [Vksj (B) lqHk"pUnz cksl
(C) 8–10 tuojh] 2009 (D) ghu¥ jk;pqjk (C) lqjsUnzukƒ cuthZ
(D) 9–11 tuojh] 2009
42. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh [jhœ` (D) fcfiu pUnz ik¥
34. vksckek ljd`kj eÍ ;w\,l\,\ d`k œ`l¥ gS= 51. Hkjr d`h lcls cÈMh >h¥ ‘fpYd`k’
fo®ea(h d`kSu gS= (A) pko¥ (B) xsgw∑ bl ^nsæ eÍ gS%
(A) ækWu Mksuksou (C) puk (D) eVj (A) vkU|z ^nsæ (B) mÈMhlk
(B) vkusZ Mad`u
43. vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk-d`ks" d`k eq“;k¥; (C) d`ukZVd` (D) rfe¥ukMq
(C) fVeksƒh xhƒuj
;gk∑ fLƒr gS% 52. Hkjr eÍ cgqjkÆV_h; d`Eifu;kÍ d`ks
(D) VkWe fo¥lSd`
(A) ftusok ^ksRlkgu nsuk] cÈ<kok nsuk gS%
35. jkW d`k u;k ^eq[ d`kSu gS= (A) futhd`j. uhfr d`ks
(B) okfæaxVu Mh\ lh\
(A) væksd` prqosZnh
(C) ¥Unu (B) oS'ohd`j. uhfr d`ks
(B) jk|k fouksn jktw
(D) isfjl (C) mnkjhd`j. uhfr d`ks
(C) ,l\ ,l\ ,u\ ewfrZ
(D) bl lHh uhfr;kÍ d`ks
(D) ds`\ lh\ oekZ 44. xka|hth us loZ^ƒe ‘lR;kxzg’ æCn
fd`l o"Z xÈ<k ƒk= 53. ‘æq*k}Srokn’ d`k lw(|kj d`kSu ƒk=
36. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`ks inΩeHw".
v¥ad`j. (2009) ugÓ ^nku fd`;k (A) 1905 (B) 1906 (A) jkekuqtkpk;Z
x;k gS= (C) 1907 (D) 1908 (B) e÷okpk;Z

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/751
 (C)oY¥Hkpk;Z
(D)jkekuan
54. v÷;”kRed` æklu d`k mn; loZ^ƒe
;gk∑ gqvk ƒk%
(A) ;wxksL¥kfo;k (B) felz ·bftIV‚
(C) ;w\ ,l\ ,\ (D) fLoVΩtj¥ßsM
55. fd`l o"Z ls fonsæh fofue; ^cU|u
vf|fu;e ¥kxw gqvk=
(A) 2003 (B) 2002
(C) 2000 (D) 1999
56. orZeku ·ekpZ 2009 ‚ eÍ ≠`kal d`k
^|kuea(h d`kSu gS=
(A) fud`ks¥l ljd`ksth
(B) œÍ`d`okbl fœ`¥ku
(C) thu ik¥ ^kmLV
(D) ¥qbZl tiksVjks
57. D¥ksjksfœ`¥ ^d`kæ ds` fd`u vo;okÍ
d`ks voæksf"r d`j ¥srh gS=
(A) cßxuh rƒk ¥k¥
(B) bfUMxks rƒk vkWjsUt
(C) uh¥k rƒk ¥k¥
(D) cßxuh rƒk ih¥k
58. ,d` ok;q;ku ˜ij d`h vksj mBrk gS%
(A) gok d`h ^frf∂`;k ˜ij d`h vksj
gksus ds` d`kj.
(B) gok d`k ?uRo ok;q;ku ds` uhps
ls ˜ij d`h vksj d`e gksus ds` d`kj.
(C) blds` ia[kÍ ij ˜ij ncko uhps
ds` ncko d`h rq¥uk eÍ d`e gksus ds`
d`kj.
(D) ok;q;ku d`h ukfld`k ˜ij d`h
vksj mBh gksus ds` d`kj.
59. X–fd`j.Í okLro eÍ gß%
(A) ean xfreku b¥sDV_kWu
(B) rhoz xfreku b¥sDV_kWu
(C) fo»qrΩ-pqEcd`h; rjaxÍ
(D) ean-xfreku U;wV_kWu
Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl us luΩ 1889
60.
eÍ ,d` fczfVæ lfefr d`k xBu fd`;k
ƒk\ bl lfefr us ,d` if(d`k d`k
^d`kæu æqÔ fd`;k ƒk= bl if(d`k
d`k D;k uke ƒk=
(A) gekjh vkokt
(B) tkxj.
(C) bf≥M;k
(D) |zqorkjk
61. Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl ds` ckjs eÍ
fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,%
1. ljksftuh uk;Mw d`kaxzsl d`h ^ƒe
efg¥k v÷;” ƒÓ
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/752
2. lh\ vkj\ nkl us tc d`kaxzsl ds`
v÷;” ds` Ôi eÍ d`k;Z fd`;k
rc os ts¥ eÍ ƒs
3. ,\vks\Ìwe d`kaxzsl ds` v÷;”
cuus ok¥s ^ƒe fczfVæ ƒs
4. vY≠s`M osc 1894 eÍ d`kaxzsl ds`
v÷;” ƒs\
bueÍ ls d`kSu-d`kSu ls d`ƒu lgh gß=
(A) 1 vkSj 3 (B) 2 vkSj 4
(C) 2, 3 vkSj 4 (D) 1, 2, 3 vkSj 4
62. fd`l Hkjrh; okf.fT;d` cßd` us
xfræh¥ ATM lsok loZ^ƒe ^nku
d`h=
(A) ICICI cßd`
(B) IDBI cßd`
(C) HDFC cßd`
(D) Hkjrh; LVsV cßd`
63. Hkjr eÍ ¥?q m»ksxkÍ ds` f¥, fo® d`k
^eq[ Aksr gS%
(A) cßd` fo®
(B) vaæ iw∑th vkSj )`.-i(
(C) lkoZtfud` tek
(D) ”s(h; xzkeh. cßd`
64. Lihd`j ds` in ds` ckjs eÍ fuEuf¥f[r
eÍ ls d`kSulk d`ƒu lgh gS=
(A) og jkÆV_ifr ds` ^lkni;Ûr in
|kj. d`jrk gS
(B) ;g vko';d` ugÓ fd` vius
fuokZpu ds` le; og lnu d`k
lnL; gks
(C) ;fn lkekU; vof| ls iwoZ lnu
d`ks Hax d`j fn;k tkrk gS] rks mls
viuk in NksÈMuk gksxk
(D) ;fn og R;kxi( nsuk pkgs rks
mls viuk R;kxi( mik÷;” d`ks
lEcksf|r d`juk gksxk
65. Hkjrh; la?okn d`ks lgd`kjh la?okn
fd`lus d`gk gS=
(A) ds`\ lh\ ÿh;j
(B) lj vkboj tsfuaXl
(C) th\ vkWfLVu
(D) Mh\ Mh\ clq
66. fgekp¥ ^nsæ d`k xBu gqvk ƒk%
(A) 15 v^S¥] 1948 d`ks
(B) 15 v^S¥] 1951 d`ks
(C) 15 v^S¥] 1957 d`ks
(D) 5 v^S¥] 1958 d`ks
67. ‘jkT; ds` uhfr-funsæd` fl*kUrkÍ’ ds`
ckjs eÍ d`kSulk d`ƒu lgh ugÓ gS=
(A) os ld`kjkRed` gß
(B) mUgÍ U;k;k¥;kÍ }kjk ¥kxw fd`;k
tk ld`rk gS
(C) os Hkjr d`ks ,d` d`Y;k.d`kjh
jkT; cukrs gß
(D) mUgÍ ¥kxw d`juk jkT; d`k
d`®ZO; gS
68. ijeohj p∂` fotsrk d`ks ^frekg
lEeku H®k fe¥rk gS%
(A) 10,000 :\ (B) 5,000 :\
(C) 3,000 :\ (D) 2,500 :\
chftax vks¥fEid` eÍ fd`l nsæ us
69.
ig¥h ckj iq:" rhjankth eÍ Lo.Z
ind` ^kIr fd`;k=
(A) ;w∂s`u
(B) nf”. v≠`hd`k
(C) nf”. d`ksfj;k
(D) baMksusfæ;k
1915 eÍ ‘Indian National Evolu-
70.
tion’ iqLrd` fd`lus f¥[h ƒh=
(A) vfEcd`kpj. etwenkj
(B) ,l\ xksik¥
(C) vfu¥ lh¥
(D) vkj\ ih\ iVo*Zu
71. eqds`æ vEckuh d`h d`Eiuh ‘fj¥k;Ul
isV_ksf¥;e f¥feVsM’ d`gk∑ fLƒr gS=
(A) lwjr (B) tkeuxj
(C) vgenkckn (D) iksjcanj
72. ‘An Accustomed Earth’ iq L rd`
fd`ld`h jpuk gS`=
(A) >qEik ¥kfgÈMh (B) fd`ju csnh
(C) es|k ikVsd`j (D) v:a|rh jk;
73. fojlk eq≥Mk vkfnoklh fonzksg
‘mUew¥u’ jk∑ph ds` nf”.h ”s( eÍ bl
le; gqvk ƒk%
(A) 1888-1889 (B) 1890-1891
(C) 1897-1898 (D) 1899-1900
74. fgekp¥ ^nsæ d`ks 18oÍ iw.Z jkT; d`k
ntkZ ^kIr gqvk ƒk%
(A) 25 tuojh] 1968 d`ks
(B) 25 tuojh] 1969 d`ks
(C) 25 tuojh] 1970 d`ks
(D) 25 tuojh] 1971 d`ks
75. teæsniqj eÍ VkVk vkbju oDlZ d`h
Lƒkiuk bl o"Z gqbZ ƒh%
(A) 1905 (B) 1907
(C) 1906 (D) 1908
76. bafM;u d`kmafl¥ ,DV 1861 bZ\ ds`
rgrΩ xouZj tuj¥ d`kmafl¥ eÍ
 lnL;kÍ d`h la“;k N# ls cÈ<kd`j d`j (B) Î`Æ.k-xksnkojh ?kVh eÍ (A) 4 (B) 5
nh xbZ ƒh% (C) ueZnk ?kVh eÍ (C) 6 (D) 7
(A) ukS (B) nl (D) foæk[ki±ueΩ eÍ 94. Hkjr ds` jkÆV_xku d`ks iwjk xkus eÍ
(C) ckjg (D) iUnzg fd`ruk le; ¥xrk gS=
85. ”s(œ`¥ d`h n~fÆV ls fo'o d`k lcls
77. tuj¥ Mk;j ds` gqDe ls fd`;s x;s cÈMk fgUnw eafnj d`kSulk gS=s (A) ¥xHx 45 lsd`≥M
tf¥;k∑ok¥k ckx xks¥hd`k≥M eÍ fd`rus (A) v”j|ke efUnj] fnY¥h (B) ¥xHx 52 lsd`≥M
¥ksx ekjs x;s ƒs`= (B) v”j|ke efUnj] vgenkckn (C) ¥xHx 58 lsd`≥M
(A) 269 (B) 384 (C) ck¥kth efUnj] fr:ifr (D) ¥xHx 64 lsd`≥M
(C) 307 (D) 379 (D) egk¥{eh efUnj] eqEcbZ 95. Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` uhfr-funsæd`
78. ¥Unu eÍ rhu xks¥ est d`kU≠Í`l gqbÛ% fl*kUrkÍ eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk
86. nknk lkgsc œ`kYds` iqjLd`kj fotsrk d`ks
(A) 1929, 1930, 1931 eÍ bl iqjLd`kj ds` rgrΩ ns; jkfæ gS% ,d` lfEef¥r ugÓ gS=
(B) 1930, 1931, 1931 eÍ (A) 15 ¥k[ :\ (B) 12 ¥k[ :\ (A) Jfed`kÍ d`ks fu#æqYd` fæ”k
(C) 1930, 1931, 1932 eÍ (C) 10 ¥k[ :\ (D) 5 ¥k[ :\ (B) xzke iapk;rkÍ d`k xBu
(D) 1931, 1932, 1932 eÍ (C) jkÆV_h; Lekjd`kÍ d`h lqj”k
87. chftax vks¥fEid` eÍ czkth¥ us fd`rus
79. ¥ÈMfd`;kÍ ds` fookg d`h U;wure vk;q jtr ind` ^kIr fd`;s ƒs= (D) vUrjkZÆV_h; d`kuwukÍ d`k lEeku
1930 ds` ækjnk eSfjt ,DV ds` }kjk (A) 2 (B) 3 96. jkÆV_h; U;kf;d` vd`kneh Hou fd`l
D;k fu|kZfjr d`h xbZ ƒh= ægj eÍ fLƒr gS`=
(C) 4 (D) 7
(A) 14 o"Z (B) 15 o"Z (A) gSnjkckn (B) Hksik¥
88. chfta x vks ¥ fEid` eÍ fd`rus u;s
(C) 16 o"Z (D) 18 o"Z vgenkckn ubZ fnY¥h
fjd`kWMZ cuk;s x,= (C) (D)
80. luΩ 1937 rd` Hkjr eÍ dq`¥ fd`rus (A) 35 (B) 43 97. E.T.A. fd`l nsæ d`k vkrad`oknh
fo'ofo»k¥; ƒs= laxBu gS=
(C) 48 (D) 54
(A) 15 (B) 18 (A) lkb^l (B) Jh¥ad`k
(C) 20 (D) 24 89. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`ks jktho
xka|h [s¥jRu iqjLd`kj ugÓ fe¥k gS= (C) Lis u (D) nf”. v≠`hd`k
81. Hkjr-Lok|hurk ^Lrko gkml vkWœ`
(A) fo'oukƒu vkuUn 98. iapk;rh jkt O;oLƒk eÍ æklu-
d`kWeUl eÍ fd`l frfƒ d`ks ¥k;k x;k
ƒk= (B) lkfu;k fetkZ ^.k¥h d`h lajpuk D;k gS=
(A) 4 tq¥kbZ] 1947 (C) iad`t vkMok.h (A) xzke Lrj ij Lƒkuh; Loæklu
(B) 5 tq¥kbZ] 1947 (D) lfpu rÍnq¥d`j d`h ,d`Lrjh; lajpuk
90. fHokuh ckWfDlax D¥c d`k ^|ku d`ksp (B) xzke rƒk [≥M Lrj ij Lƒkuh;
(C) 7 tq¥kbZ] 1947
d`kSu gS ftld`ks jkÆV_ifr Jherh Loæklu d`h f}Lrjh; lajpuk
(D) 8 tq¥kbZ] 1947
^frHk ikfV¥ us nzks.kpk;Z vokMZ (C) xz k e] [≥M vkSj ft¥k Lrj ij
82. egkRek xka|h ds` ckjs eÍ d`kSulk ,d` ^nku fd`;k gS= Lƒkuh; Loæklu d`h f(Lrjh; lajpuk
d`ƒu lR; ugÓ gS= (D) xzke] [≥M] ft¥k vkSj jkT;
(A) txnhæ flag
(A) mud`h vkLƒk ekuo ≤n; d`h Lrj ij Lƒkuh; Loæklu d`h
(B) tlthr flag
vPNkbZ eÍ ƒh prq#Lrjh; lajpuk
(C) eksgu flag
(B) nkæZfud` vknæZokn eÍ mud`k
(D) vejthr flag 99. fgekp¥ eÍ jS¯xx ds` d`kj. ejus ok¥s
fo'okl ugÓ ƒk Nk( d`k uke ƒk%
(C) mUgkÍus fuEu oxZ d`h fujUrj 91. Hkjr d`h fd`l tksÈMh us baMksusfæ;k eÍ
lEiUu ,fæ;k isflfœ`d` d`kj jS¥h (A) dq`¥nhi ¯lg cjkj
lsok d`h
pSfEi;ufæi 2008 thrh gS= (B) veu dq`ekj ¯lg
(D) os fuEu oxZ ds` vf|d`kjkÍ ds`
laj”d` ƒs (A) xkSjo fx¥%txnso flag (C) veu dq`ekj <Óxjk
(D) veu lR; d`pÔ
83. ¥kWl ,aftYl eÍ ckf¥d`k fææq d`ks (B) iou lpnsok%lPpk flag
tUe nsus ok¥k ig¥k xHZoku iq:" (C) eukst vxzok¥%d`kerkukƒ 100. fgekp¥ ds` ^ƒe eq“;ea(h ƒs%
d`kSu gS= (D) lq[nsojkt%mn;ohj (A) ækUrk dq`ekj
(A) xSjh ,d`jeSu (B) ch\ jeS;k
92. fo|kulHk pqukokÍ eÍ b¥sDV_kWfud`
(B) ƒkWel chfVd` oksfVax eæhu ds` ^;ksx d`h æqÔvkr (C) MkW\ ;æoUr ¯lg ijekj
(C) tsu dS`fl;ks d`c ls gqbZ= (D) ohjHnz ¯lg
(D) tkWu okWjsu (A) 1998 (B) 2000 101. fgekp¥ d`k fLoVΩtj¥S≥M fuEu eÍ
84. fj¥k;al baMLV_ht d`ks vHh gk¥ eÍ (C) 2002 (D) 2004 ls fd`ls d`grs gß`=
rs¥ d`k foæk¥ H≥Mkj d`gk∑ fe¥k gS= 93. o"Z 2006 eÍ fd`rus jkT;kÍ eÍ fo|ku (A) eaMh (B) fd`UukSj
(A) usY¥wj ft¥s eÍ lHk pquko gq, ƒs= (C) f[TtkSj (D) fljekSj

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/753
102. lqHk"pUnz cksl egkRek xka|h ls (A) 36·53 ¥k[ gsDVs;j 118. vkj\ ,u\ ,\ d`k vkfoÆd`kj fd`lus
ig¥h ckj d`c fe¥s ƒs= (B) 38·76 ¥k[ gsDVs;j fd`;k ƒk=
(A) 1914 eÍ (B) 1918 eÍ (C) 39·83 ¥k[ gsDVs;j (A) ;wjhu d`ks¥esV
(C) 1920 eÍ (D) 1921 eÍ (D) 40·16 ¥k[ gsDVs;j (B) vkbtSd`eSu
103. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lgh 111. jkÆV_h; ¥hph vuqla|ku ds`Unz d`gk∑ (C) vkƒZj cxZ ,oa tksUl
lqesf¥r ugÓ gS= fLƒr gS= (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(A) Î`Æ.nso jk;%jkejkax. lw(|kj (A) nsgjknwu (B) fæe¥k 119. fgekp¥ eÍ lsc d`k tUenkrk fuEu
(B) egsUnz oeZu`%`e® fo¥kl ^glu (C) eqtŒœ`jiqj (D) fl¥hxqÈMh eÍ ls d`kSu gS`=
(C) Hkst nso % ekulksY¥kl 112. fuEuf¥f[r vkfne tkfr;kÍ rƒk (A) MkW\ vthr dq`¥d`.hZ
(D) lkses'oj % vkeqDr ekY;nk muds` fuokl-LƒkukÍ ds` fuEuf¥f[r (B) jkekuUn ¯lg
104. vaxzstkÍ us jS;rokÈMh cUnkscLr d`gk∑ ;qXekÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` lqesf¥r ugÓ (C) ^se dq`ekj |we¥
¥kxw fd`;k ƒk= gS= (D) lR;kuUn LVksDl
(A) caxk¥ ^slhMÍlh eÍ (A) cqDlk%ikSÈMh xÈ<ok¥ 120. lokZbd`¥ dß`lj ls ihfÈMr fd`l
(B) enzkl ^slhMÍlh eÍ (B) d`ks¥%tc¥iqj fczfVæ vfHus(h d`k vHh gk¥ eÍ
(C) cEcbZ ^slhMÍlh eÍ (C) eq≥Mk%NksVk ukxiqj fu|u gks x;k=
(D) enzkl ^slhMÍlh vkSj eqEcbZ (D) d`ksMkxw%d`ksjck (A) tSu VΩohM
^slhMÍlh eÍ 113. ‘usæu¥ bULVhVΩ;wV vkWœ` fœ`æjht (B) tsM xqMh
105. fuEuf¥f[r ?VukvkÍ d`k lgh iksLV gkosZLV VsDuks¥kWth ,≥M V_sfuax’ (C) ds`fjlk
vuq∂`e D;k gS= ;gk∑ fLƒr gS% (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
1. fr¥d` d`k gkseÔ¥ ¥hx (A) d`ksphu (B) eqEcbZ
(C) psUubZ (D) xksvk
m®j O;k“;k lfgr
2. d`kekxkVkekÔ ^lax
3. egkRek xka|h d`k Hkjr vkxeu 114. jkÆV_h; jktekxZ 7-, ds` ckjs eÍ fuEu-
(A) 1, 2, 3 (B) 3, 2, 1 f¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ,d` lgh gS=
(C) 2, 1, 3 (D) 2, 3, 1 d`gk∑ ls ·Lƒku‚ d`gk∑ rd` ·Lƒku‚
106. 1857 ds` cjs¥h fonzksg d`k usrk d`kSu (A) vgenkckn ekaMoh
ƒk`= (B) i¥k;u d`ksVS rwrhd`ksfju
(A)[ku cgknqj (C) iksjcanj ckeucksj
(B)dq∑`oj flag (D) psUubZ cgkjkxksMk
(C)ekS¥oh vgen ækg 115. ds`Unzh; t¥ vk;ksx (Central Water
(D)fojftl d`kfnj Commission–CWC) ubZ fnY¥h
(Hq.) ds` ”s(h; ds`Unz (Regional
107. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu-d`kSulh ioZr centres) fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`u-
pksfV;k∑ ikfd`Lrku ds` d`Cts ok¥s fd`u LƒkukÍ ij gß=
”s( eÍ gß= 1. Hqous'oj 2. ukxiqj
1. uwudw`u 2. jkd`kiksæh
3. vgenkckn 4. vtesj
3. fl;k d`k∑xÈMh 4. d`k∑xVw
(A) 1, 2 ,oa 3 (B) 1 vkSj 3
(A) 2 vkSj 4 (B) 1 vkSj 2
(C) 2, 3, 4 (D) 1 vkSj 2
(C) 3 vkSj 4 (D) 1, 2 vkSj 3
108. ‘v:.kp¥ ^nsæ [fut fod`kl 116. ¥sVsjkbV (Laterite) fef±;kÍ d`k
vkSj O;kikj fuxe f¥feVsM’ d`h forj. fd`u jkT; lewg eÍ vf|-
Lƒkiuk d`c d`h xbZ ƒh= d`kaær# gksrk gS=
(A) rfe¥ukMq] gfj;k.k ,oa m\ ^\
(A) 1989 eÍ (B) 1991 eÍ
eÍ
(C) 1992 eÍ (D) 1994 eÍ
(B) ds`j¥] d`ukZVd` ,oa jktLƒku eÍ
109. vkU|z ^nsæ ds` iwoZ eÍ caxk¥ d`h [kÈMh (C) iatkc] fcgkj ,oa xqtjkr eÍ
d`h rV js[k d`h ¥EckbZ fd`ruh gS= (D) d`ukZVd`] ds`j¥ ,oa e\ ^\ d`h
(A) 965 fd`eh (B) 974 fd`eh igkfÈM;kÍ d`h pksVh ij
(C) 978 fd`eh (D) 981 fd`eh 117. ¥”}hi ds` d`ksj¥ }hikÍ d`h la“;k
110. vle eÍ dq`¥ [srh ;ksX; Hwfe fd`ruh gS=
(Gross Agricultural land) fd`ruh (A) 10 (B) 11
gS= (C) 12 (D) 14 ●●●

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/754
 ,l\,l\lh\ lh\ih\vks\ lc-baLisDVj ijh”k] 6-9-2009 d`k g¥ ^'u-i( 15. CTBT d`k iwjk Ôi gS%
(A) d`kWfUVU;wM VsLV cSu V_hVh
(B) d`kWfUVU;wM VsLV csLM V_hVeÍV
lkekU; tkud`kjh (C) d`kWfE^gÍflo VsLV cSu V_hVh
(D) d`kWefæZ;¥ VsLV cSu VSfjœ`
16. ,fæ;k d`i 2008 œ`kbu¥ [s¥k x;k
01. ‘bf≥M;k VqMs’ gS% (C) f(iqjk eÍ ƒk%
(A) leL;kvkÍ d`k vfLƒj iqat (D) v:.kp¥ ^nsæ eÍ (A) Hkjr vkSj Jh¥ad`k ds` chp
(Staggering mass) 08. xka|hth us fd`l |kfeZd` xzUƒ d`ks (B) ikfd`Lrku vkSj Hkjr ds` chp
(B) iwoZ fczfVæ Hkjr ls ikfd`Lrku viuh ‘ekrk’ d`gk ƒk = (C) Jh¥ad`k vkSj ikfd`Lrku ds` chp
vkSj ckaX¥knsæ fud`k¥ d`j (A) jkek;. (D) ckaX¥knsæ vkSj Hkjr ds` chp
(C) ,d` lekpkj if(d`k tks orZeku (B) n U;w VsLVkeÍV 17. ,e\ ,l\ |ksuh d`ks o"Z 2007 ds` f¥,
eke¥kÍ d`ks lefiZr gS fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lds` f¥, pquk
(C) HxonΩxhrk
(D) Hkjrh; la? tks la;qDr jkÆV_ x;k ƒk =
(D) dq`jku æjhœ`
d`k lnL; gS (A) vtqZu iqjLd`kj
09. fVgjh t¥ fo»qr d`kWEI¥sDl fuEuf¥f[r
02. iqLrd` ‘bV okt œ`kbo ikLV feMukbV’ (B) nzks.kpk;Z iqjLd`kj
eÍ ls fd`l unh ij fLƒr gS`=
d`k fo"; gS% (C) jktho xka|h [s¥jRu iqjLd`kj
(A) v¥d`uank (B) eankfd`uh
(A) Hqt d`k Hwd`Ei (Earthquake) (D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(C) |kS¥h xaxk (D) Hkxhjƒh
(B) mÈMhlk d`h ckÈ< (Floods)
10. ukscs¥ iqjLd`kj fotsrk Hkjrh;] veR;Z 18. MCA d`k iwjk Ôi gS%
(C) vkU|z d`k p∂`okr (Cyclone)
lsu] fd`l ”s( eÍ d`k;Z ds` f¥, ^fl* (A) fefuLV_h vkWœ` d`Eiuh vœs`;lZ
(D) Hksik¥ xSl d`k≥M (Tragedy)
gß = (B) ekLVj vkWœ` d`EI;wVj ,sfI¥ds`æu
03. ‘rhu ch?k d`kWfjMksj’ tksÈMrk gS% (A) HkSfrd`h (C) esEcj pkVZMZ vd`km≥VÍV
(A) Hkjr vkSj ikfd`Lrku d`ks (B) i;kZoj. d`h j”k (D) ekLVj vkWœ` d`kWelZ ,≥M vkVZlΩ
(B) Hkjr vkSj phu d`ks (C) jlk;u foKku 19. phu us vkfrF; (Hosted) fd`;k gS%
(C) ckaX¥knsæ vkSj ikfd`Lrku d`ks (D) vƒZækL( (A) XXIX vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`k
(D) ckaX¥knsæ vkSj Hkjr d`ks
11. fo'o lqUnjh 2008 d`k f[rkc fd`ls (B) XXVIII vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`k
04. fd`l ”s ( eÍ mRÎ`ÆV d`k;Z d`ks fe¥k gS = (C) XXVII vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`k
iqf¥Rtj iqjLd`kj ds` f¥, ekU;rk nh (A) tkiku lqUnjh d`ks (D) XXX vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`k
tkrh gS = (B) osustq,¥k lqUnjh d`ks 20. jkÆV_ifr Hou d`k fMtkbu cuk;k
(A) foKku vkSj ^kS»ksfxd`h (Science (C) fœ`¥hihu lqUnjh d`ks ƒk%
and Technology)
(D) e¥sfæ;k lqUnjh d`ks (A) ,MoMZ LVksu us
(B) lkfgR; vkSj i(d`kfjrk
12. Hkjr eÍ ƒksd` d`her ij vk|kfjr (B) ¥s d`kcwZts us
(C) varjkZÆV_h; le>cw> (Interna- eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj 27 tq¥kbZ] 2008 (C) ,Mfou ¥qfV;al us
tional Understanding) d`ks vius 13 o"ksÛ ds` mPpre Lrj (D) r:. n® us
(D) i;kZoj. v÷;;u (Environ- ij igq∑p xbZ\ og ƒh%
mental studies) 21. ‘Hkjr NksÈMks’ vkUnks¥u 1942 eÍ fd`l
(A) 11·75 ^frær
eghus eÍ æqÔ fd`;k x;k ƒk =
05. fp®kSÈM eÍ fot; LrEH d`k fuekZ. (B) 11·85 ^frær
(A) tuojh (B) ekpZ
fd`lus fd`;k ƒk`= (C) 12·00 ^frær
(C) vxLr (D) fnlEcj
(A) egkjk.k ^rki (D) 12·05 ^frær
22. fe¥ku d`hft,%
(B) jk.k laxzke ¯lg 13. ≠Í`p vksiu 2009 iq:" ,d`¥ fd`lus LrEH-I
(C) jk.k dq`EHk thrk ƒk = (a) ds`æc lsu
(D) jk.k jru ¯lg (A) jkstj œs`Mjj (b) n;kuan ljLorh
06. fct¥h ds` ia[s d`h xfr cn¥us ds` (B) jkœS`¥ ukMk¥ (c) vkRekjke ik≥Mqjax
f¥, ^;qDr lk|u gS% (C) ckWc fcz;ku (d) lS;n vgen [ku
(A) ,sEI¥hœ`k;j (B) jsxq¥sVj (D) dS`Vsjhuk lzscksVfud` LrEH-II
(C) fLop (D) jsfDVœ`k;j 14. ˜tkZ fæ[j lEes¥u] 2008 d`gk∑ 1. ^kƒZuk lekt
07. uke|kik usæu¥ ikdZ` gS% gqvk ƒk = 2. cz© lekt
(A) fetksje eÍ (A) tnΩnkg eÍ (B) rsgjku eÍ 3. v¥hxÈ< vkUnks¥u
(B) ef.iqj eÍ (C) fj;kn eÍ (D) f(iks¥h eÍ 4. vk;Z lekt

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/755

 (a) (b) (c) (d) (A)
laln ds` nksukÍ lnukÍ }kjk ukfer 37. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSuls cjkcj o"kZ
(A) 4 1 3 2 d`ksbZ O;fDr ok¥s LƒkukÍ d`ks tksÈMus ok¥h js[k,a
(B) 1 4 2 3 (B) ¥ksd` lHk d`k v÷;” nækZrs gß =
(C) 2 4 1 3 (C) jkT; lHk d`k milHkifr (A) vkblksfgIl
(D) 3 2 4 1 (D) Hkjr d`k eq“; U;k;k|hæ (B) vkblksgs¥kbUt
23. Hkjrh; jkÆV_h; d`kaxzsl d`k ig¥k 31. Hkjrh; lafo|ku ¥kxw gqvk ƒk% (C) vkblksckj
vaxzst v÷;” d`kSu ƒk = (A) 26 tuojh] 1950 d`ks (D) vkblksgkbVlΩ
(A) tkWtZ ;w¥ (B) 26 tuojh] 1952 d`ks 38. fo"qor (Equator) js[k gS%
(B) fof¥;e osMjcuZ (C) 15 vxLr] 1948 d`ks (A) m®j vkSj nf”. |zqokÍ d`ks tksÈMus
(C) ,\ vks\ Ìwe (D) 26 uoEcj] 1949 d`ks ok¥h js[k
(D) gsujh d`kWVu (B) m®j vkSj nf”. |zqokÍ ds` chpks-
32. LorU( Hkjr eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls
24. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l O;fDr d`ks chp i~Foh ds` fxnZ ?weus ok¥h d`kYifud`
d`kSulh efg¥k fd`lh jkT; d`h ig¥h
‘xzßM vksYM eSu vkWœ` bf≥M;k’ ds` Ôi js [ k
jkT;ik¥ ƒh =
eÍ tkuk tkrk gS = (C) æfu xzg ds` fxnZ ,d` es[¥k
(A) Jherh ljksftuh uk;Mw
(A) ck¥ xaxk|j fr¥d` (D) i~Foh ds` ?w.Zu d`k v”
(B) Jherh lqpsrk Î`i¥kuh
(B) nknkHkbZ ukSjksth (C) Jherh bfUnjk xka|h 39. oSf'od` rkiu (Global Warming)
(C) eksrh¥k¥ usgÔ ds` œ`¥LoÔi gks ld`rk gS%
(D) Jherh fot;¥{eh iafMr
(D) ¥k¥k ¥ktir jk; (A) leqnz r¥ eÍ o~f*
33. Hkjr ds` fu;U(d` vkSj egk¥s[k
(B) œ`l¥ ds` LoÔi eÍ ifjorZu
25. vd`cjukek fd`lus f¥[k ƒk = ijh”d` d`h fjiksVZ d`h laoh”k d`jus
ok¥h lalnh; lfefr gS% (C) rV js[k eÍ ifjorZu
(A) vd`cj
(B) chjc¥ (A) vkd`¥u lfefr (Estimates (D) mi;qZDr lHh
(C) vcq¥ œ`t¥ Committee) 40. i~Foh fæ[j lEes¥u ·i~Foh cpkvks‚
(D) Hxoku nkl (B) ^oj lfefr (Select Commit- d`k vk;kstu fd`;k ƒk%
26. ‘iw.Z Lojkt’ d`h æiƒ d`kaxzsl ds` tee) (A) ;wusLd`ks us
fd`l vf|osæu eÍ ¥h xbZ ƒh = (C) ¥ks d ` ¥s [ k lfefr (Public (B) ;w,ulhbZMh us
(A) d`¥d`®k Accounts Committee) (C) MCY;w\ ,p\ vks\ us
(B) ¥kgkSj (D) bueÍ ls d`ks b Z Hh ugÓ (D) ;wfulsœ` us
(C) b¥kgkckn 34. dq ` gjk (Fog) ,d` mnkgj. gS % 41. ;fn nks oLrq,a iwjd` gkÍ] rks mud`h
(D) enzkl (A) xSl eÍ ifjf”Ir xSl d`k ∂`kWl-d`her ^R;kLƒrk (Cross price
(B) xS l eÍ ifjf”Ir nz o d`k elasticity) gksrh gS%
27. Hkjr eÍ iapk;rh jkt ^.k¥h d`c
æqÔ d`h xbZ ƒh = (C) xSl eÍ ifjf”Ir Bksl d`k (A) æwU; (Zero)
(A) 1950 bZLoh (D) nzo eÍ ifjf”Ir Bksl d`k (B) |ukRed` (Positive)
(B) 1945 bZLoh 35. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls og lkxj d`kSulk (C) )`.kRed` (Negative)
(C) 1959 bZLoh gS] tks Hwc* (Landlocked) gS = (D) d`kYifud` la“;k (Imaginary
(D) 1962 bZLoh (A) freksj lkxj number)
28. Hkjr ds` mijkÆV_ifr ds` in ij (B) vjkœq`jk lkxj 42. fd`lh oLrq ds` mRiknu d`h volj
¥xkrkj nks ckj d`kSu jgk ƒk = (C) xzhu¥S≥M lkxj ¥kxr gksrh gS%
(A) MkW\ ,l\ jk|kÎ`Æ.u (D) vj¥ lkxj (A) og ¥kxr tks d`ksbZ fHUu rd`uhd`
(B) Jh vkj\ oÍd`Vje. viukus ij œ`eZ mBk ld`rh ƒh
36. fe¥ku d`hft,%
(C) MkW\ æad`jn;k¥ æekZ (B) og ¥kxr tks mRiknu d`h fd`lh
i®u jkT;
(D) Jh oh\ oh\ fxfj fHUu fof| ds` vUrxZr œ`eZ mBk ld`rh
(a) HVd`¥ 1. ds`j¥ ƒh
29. Hkjrh; lafo|ku ds` fd`l laæks|u (b) ,s¥sIih 2. rfe¥ukMq (C) mBkbZ xbZ okLrfod` ¥kxr
}kjk ^Lrkouk eÍ nks æCn ‘lektoknh’ (c) d`kd`hukMk 3. d`ukZVd`
(Socialist) vkSj ‘|eZfujis”’ (Secu- (D) R;kxk x;k vx¥k loks Z ® e
lar) tksÈMs x, ƒs = (d) rw rhd`ks f ju 4. vkU|z ^ns æ oS d`fYid` mRiknu
(A) 28oÍ (B) 40oÍ (a) (b) (c) (d) 43. vYikof| eÍ Hwfe ls fHUu fd`lh vU;
(C) 42oÍ (D) 52oÍ (A) 1 3 4 2 miknku }kjk vftZr vf|æs" d`ks
30. tc jkÆV_ifr vkSj mijkÆV_ifr nksukÍ (B) 4 3 2 1 d`grs gß%
ds` in ,d` lkƒ [k¥h gkÍ] rks in ij (C) 3 1 4 2 (A) vkfƒZd` ¥xku (Economic rent)
vLƒk;h Ôi ls d`kSu d`ke d`jrk gS`= (D) 2 4 1 3 (B) fuo¥ ¥xku (Net rent)

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/756

 (C) vkHklh ¥xku (Quasi rent)
(D) vf| lkekU; ¥xku (Super-
normal rent)
44. ;kstuk vk;ksx d`k insu v÷;” d`kSu
gS =
(A) ;kstuk vkSj fod`kl ea(h
(B) fo® ea(h
(C) ^|kuea(h
(D) xzkeh. vkSj lkeqnkf;d` fod`kl
ea(h
45. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ml fLƒfr eÍ d`kSulh 51. ihf¥;k (Jaundice) fd`lds` la∂`e.
ckr lgh ugÓ gS] tc vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ
C;kt nj ˜∑ph gks tkrh gS =
(A) cpr cÈ< tkrh gS
(B) m|kj nsuk d`e gks tkrk gS
(C) mRiknu d`h ¥kxr cÈ< tkrh gS
(D) iw∑th d`k ^frœ`¥ cÈ< tkrk gS
46. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh jkÆV_h;
vk; ds` ekiu d`h fof| ugÓ gS =
(A) ewY; of|Zr fof| (Value Added
Method)
(B) vk; fof| (Income Method)
(C) fuosæ fof| (Investment
Method)
(D) O;; fof| (Expenditure
Method)
47. Je-^|ku rd`uhd` (Labour Inten-
sive Technique) pquh tk,xh%
(A) Je vf|æs" ok¥h vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ
(B) iw∑th vf|æs" ok¥h vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ
(C) fod`flr vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ
(D) fod`klæh¥ vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ
48. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh vkfƒZd`
f∂`;k ugÓ cusxh =
(A) viuh d`”k eÍ Nk(kÍ d`ks iÈ<k
jgk v÷;kid`
(B) loZ fæ”k vfH;ku ds` vUrxZr
Nk(kÍ d`ks iÈ<k jgk v÷;kid`
(C) ?j eÍ viuh csVh d`ks iÈ<k jgk 56. vjDrrk (Anaemia) eÍ fuEuf¥f[r
v÷;kid`
(D) vius fuokl ls ijkeæZ lsok,a
mi¥C| d`jk jgk v÷;kid`
49. fo® vk;ksx (The Finance Commis-
sion)%
(A) iapo"hZ; ;kstuk,a cukrk gS
(B) ekSfnzd` uhfr rS;kj d`jrk gS
(C) ds`Unzh; ljd`kj ds` d`eZpkfj;kÍ
ds` osru eÍ laæks|u d`h flœ`kfjæ
d`jrk gS
(D) lalk|ukÍ ds` ds`Unz vkSj jkT;kÍ ds`
chp c∑Vokjs ij fu.Z; ¥srk gS
izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/757
50. fd`lh nsæ d`k fuo¥ jkÆV_h; mRikn 58. vUu (Cereals) ,d` le~* lzksr gksrs
gksrk gS%
(A) ld`¥ ?js¥w mRikn eÍ ewY;
Ökl H®s ?Vkd`j
(B) ld`¥ ?js¥w mRikn eÍ fonsækÍ ls
fuo¥ vk; tksÈMd`j
(C) ld`¥ jkÆV_h; mRikn eÍ ls fonsækÍ
ls fuo¥ vk; ?Vkd`j
(D) ld`¥ jkÆV_h; mRikn eÍ ls ewY;
Ökl H®s ?Vkd`j
ds` d`kj. gksrk gS =
(A) efLrÆd` (Brain)
(B) ;Î`r (Liver)
(C) o~Dd` (Kidney)
(D) I¥hgk (Spleen)
52. lkekU; O;fDr eÍ fn¥ d`h |ÈMd`u
d`h vkSlr nj gksrh gS%
(A) 82 (B) 92
(C) 72 (D) 98
53. bZbZth (EEG) d`k ^;ksx fd`ld`h
xfrfof| ntZ d`jus ds` f¥, fd`;k
tkrk gS =
(A) ≤n; (Heart)
(B) œs`œ`ÈMs (Lungs)
(C) efLrÆd` (Brain)
(D) ekalisfæ;k∑ (Muscles)
54. xk; ds` nw| d`k jax fd`ld`h ekStwnxh
ds` d`kj. ƒksÈMk ih¥k gksrk gS =
(A) t߃ksfœ`¥ (B) jkbcksŒ¥sfou
(C) jkbC;w¥ksl (D) dS`jksfVu
55. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk jksx la∂`ked`
gS =
(A) e|qesg (Diabetes)
(B) fMIƒhfj;k (Diphtheria)
(C) xfB;k (Arthritis)
(D) dß`lj (Cancer)
eÍ ls fd`ld`h ek(k d`e gks tkrh gS =
(A) gheksX¥ksfcu
(B) d`ks¥Stu
(C) gkbvksX¥ksfcu
(D) ek;ksflu
57. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulk jksx ^k;# ok;q
ds` ek÷;e ls œS`¥rk gS =
(A) I¥sx
(B) Vk;œ`kWbM
(C) VΩ;wcjdq`¥ksfll
(D) gStk
gß%
(A) LVkpZ ds`
(B) X¥wd`ksl ds`
(C) ≠`DVksl ds`
(D) ekYVksl ds`
59. ,fLifju lk|kj. uke gS%
(A) lSf¥flf¥d` ,flM d`k
(B) lSf¥fl¥sV d`k
(C) eSfƒ¥ lSf¥fl¥sV d`k
(D) ,sflfV¥ lSf¥flf¥d` ,flM d`k
60. pspd` (Small Pox) gksus d`k d`kj.
gS%
(A) :fcvks¥k okbjl
(B) oSfjvks¥k okbjl
(C) oSfjls¥k
(D) feDlksokbjl
61. d`kcZu eksuksDlkbM ,d` To¥uæh¥
xSl (Inflammable gas) gS\ fuEu-
f¥f[r eÍ ls vkSj d`kSulh xSl
To¥uæh¥ gS =
(A) ghf¥;e (B) ukbV_kstu
(C) vkWDlhtu (D) gkbM_kstu
62. ok;oh; 'olu (Aerobic Respira-
tion) ^f∂`;k d`ks pkfg,%
(A) ˜Æek (Heat)
(B) t¥ (Water)
(C) vkWDlhtu (Oxygen)
(D) lw;Z d`h jksæuh (Sunlight)
63. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulh |krq t¥ ds`
lkƒ vfHf∂`;k d`jds` gkbM_kstu iSnk
ugÓ d`jrh =
(A) iksVSfæ;e (B) dS`Mfe;e
(C) lksfM;e (D) ¥hfƒ;e
64. vkstksu eÍ gksrh gS%
(A) ds`o¥ vkWDlhtu
(B) vkWDlhtu vkSj ukbV_kstu
(C) gkbM_kstu vkSj d`kcZu
(D) vkWDlhtu vkSj d`kcZu
65. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l nzo d`k ?uRo
lcls d`e gS =
(A) LoPN t¥ (Fresh water)
(B) ued`hu t¥ (Salt water)
(C) isV_ks¥ (Petrol)
(D) edZ`jh (Mercury)
66. ‘U;wure rkieku’ (Low-tempera-
tures) iSnk d`jus ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[r
eÍ ls fd`l fl*kUr d`k ^;ksx fd`;k
tkrk gS =
 (A) vfrpk¥d`rk (Super conduc- 73. ok;qe≥M¥ eÍ ftl vkstksu fNnz i;kZoj. Ökl ds` vkd`¥u eÍ ge
tivity) (Ozone hole) d`k irk ¥xk;k x;k fuEuf¥f[r nks ^HkokÍ d`ks pqurs gß%
(B) tw¥-ds`fYou ^Hko (Joule- gS] og d`gk∑ fLƒr gS = ^ƒe%ekuoh; f∂`;kvkÍ o ^kd~`frd`
Kelvin effect) (A) vkdZ`fVd` egklkxj ds` ˜ij vi?Vu ls mRiUu Ökl i;kZoj.h; Ökl
(C) rki-oS»qr ^Hko (Thermo- (B) vUVkdZ`fVd`k ds` ˜ij vƒok ud`kjkRed` ifjorZu] tks iwoZ d`h
electric effect) (C) Hkjr ds` ˜ij rq¥uk eÍ gqvk gS\
(D) :*ksÆe fopqEcd`u (Adiabatic (D) v¥kLd`k ds` ˜ij f}rh;%i;kZoj.h; gkfu] Ökl o
demagnetisation) 74. ^frHk i¥k;u (Brain drain)% ifjorZu ls ekuo ds` Hkoh d`Y;k. ij iÈMus
ok¥s ^HkokÍ d`k vkd`¥u vƒok ewY;kad`u\
67. ^d`kæ fo»qrΩ (Photo-electric) ls¥ (A) ,d` jksx gS
cn¥rk gS% ^ƒe ^d`kj ds` ewY;kad`u eÍ fd`lh Hh
(B) æSf”d` rƒk rd`uhd`h laLƒkvkÍ
^Lrkfor d`k;Z ds` mijkUr ·^HkoLoÔi‚
(A) ;kfU(d` ˜tkZ d`ks oS»qr ˜tkZ eÍ ls fojr Nk(kÍ d`ks d`grs gß ^kd~`frd` i;kZoj. ij iÈMus ok¥s nqÆ^HkokÍ
(B) rki ˜tkZ d`ks ;kfU(d` ˜tkZ eÍ (C) oSKkfud` vkSj vkS»ksfxd` vuq- ;k ^kd~`frd` O;oLƒk eÍ ifjorZu ·Ökl‚ d`k
(C) ^d`kæ ˜tkZ d`ks jklk;fud` lU|ku ij O;ƒZ d`k [pkZ gS vuqeku ¥xkuk gS\
˜tkZ eÍ (D) dq`æ¥ d`feZ;kÍ ds` mR^oklu f}rh; ^d`kj ds` ewY;kad`u eÍ ^kd~`frd`
(D) ^d`kæ ˜tkZ d`ks oS»qr ˜tkZ eÍ (Emigration) d`ks d`grs gß i;kZoj. eÍ gksus ok¥s ud`kjkRed` ifjorZu
68. fHUu-fHUu nzO;eku ds` nks iRƒjkÍ d`ks 75. jkÆV_h; ÷ot ds` |eZp∂` eÍ fd`ruh ·Ökl‚ ls ekuo lekt ds` d`Y;k. d`ks
,d` Hou ds` fæ[j ls ,d` lkƒ js[k,a gß = ^Hkfor d`jus ok¥s ifjorZukÍ d`k ewY;kad`u
fxjk;k x;k% (A) 22 (B) 24 d`juk gksrk gS\ fo'o eÍ loZ^ƒe i;kZoj.
(A) NksVk iRƒj tehu ij ig¥s (C) 18 (D) 14 Ökl ds` ^Hko d`k ewY;kad`u vejhd`k
igq∑prk gS eÍ jkÆV_ h ; i;kZ o j. uhfr vf|fu;e
m®j O;k“;k lfgr (National Environment Policy Act–
(B) cÈMk iRƒj tehu ij ig¥s 1969) eÍ fd`;k x;k\ bl vf|fu;e ds`
igq∑prk gS ^eq[ ?Vd` ¥{; ƒs%
(C) nksukÍ iRƒj tehu ij ,d` lkƒ (1) i;kZoj. xq.o®k ifj"nΩ (Coun-
igq∑prs gß cil on Environmental Quality)
(D) iRƒj d`h jpuk ij fuHZj d`jrk (2) i;kZoj.h; lEink d`k ^lkj o
gS tkx~fr iSnk d`juk\
69. iYlj gksrs gß% (3) i;kZoj. d`h xq.o®k cuk, j[uk
(A) i~Foh d`h vksj tk jgs rkjs rƒk ekuoh; d`Y;k. gsrq ^;kl\
(4) i;kZoj.] ekuo ds` e÷; leUo;
(B) i~Foh ls nwj tk jgs rkjs
gsrq jkÆV_h; uhfr fuekZ.\
(C) rsth ls ?weus ok¥s rkjs
i;kZoj. leL;k] fo'oLrjh; leL;k
(D) mPp rkieku ok¥s rkjs gS\ fd`lh Hh ”s( ds` i;kZoj.h; vi?Vu
70. lkSj ifjokj (Solar System) d`k ,oa ”fr d`k ^Hko lEiw.Z fo'o ij iÈMrk
lcls cÈMk xzg gS% gS\ CFC ds` vf|d` mRltZu ;wjksi ,oa
(A) i~Foh (Earth) vejhd`k eÍ vf|d` gq,] ¥sfd`u vUVkdZ`fVd`k
(B) eax¥ (Mars) ds` ˜ij vkstksu fNnz gksus ls lEiw.Z i~Foh
ij ^Hko ns[us d`ks fe¥s\ nh?Zd`k¥ eÍ gksus
(C) æfu (Saturn)
ok¥h i;kZoj.h; gkfu ds` ewY; ij O;;
(D) c~gLifr (Jupiter) ¥kxr d`e gksrh gS\ d`¥d`®k fo'ofo»k¥;
71. ‘usæu¥ Ldw`¥ vkWœ` M_kek’ fuEu- ds` MkW\ ds`\ Vh\ nkl us vius i;kZoj.h;
f¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ægj eÍ fLƒr ●●● vuqla|ku ls ;g fl* fd`;k fd` o~”kÍ d`k
gS = eq“; mRiknu vkWDlhtu gS\ o~”kÍ ds` vU;
æs" i~ÆB 715 d`k
(A) eqEcbZ (B) ubZ fnY¥h mRikn%(1) ok;q ^nw". ^frjks|] (2) ÷ofu
(C) Hksik¥ (D) d`ks¥d`krk fu;qDr fd`,\ blds` lkƒ vuq"axh laLƒk ^nw". ^frjks | ] (3) Hw-”j. ^frjks|]
(4) ^ksVhu mRiknu] (5) olk mRiknu\
72. gekjk jkÆV_xku ig¥h ckj d`c vkSj tsEl (Global Environmental Moni-
toring System) Hh d`k;ZjrΩ gS\ MkW\ nkl us vius fo'oLrjh; i;kZoj.h;
d`gk∑ xk;k x;k ƒk =
lalk|u laj”. d`h ^f∂`;k ds` vUrxZr vuqla|ku ls `fl* fd`;k fd` vkSlr vk;q
(A) 24 tuojh] 1950 d`ks b¥kgkckn
eÍ fuEuf¥f[r pkj ^eq[ pj. vkrs gß% ds` LoLƒ o~” ds` d`kVus ij 0·3 ^frær
(B) 24 tuojh] 1950 d`ks fnY¥h eÍ ^ƒe%ikfjfLƒfrd` ”s( d`k p;u
gh mRiknu ¥d`ÈMh ds` Ôi eÍ ge ^kIr
(C) 26 fnlEcj] 1942 d`ks d`¥d`®k f}rh;%i;kZoj. fæ”k o æks|
eÍ r~rh;%i;kZoj. ikfjfLƒfrd`h Ökl d`jrs gß vkSj o~” ds` 99·7 ^frær vU;
(D) 27 fnlEcj] 1911 d`ks d`¥d`®k d`k ew Y;kad`u mRiknkÍ ls ge oafpr jg tkrs gß\
eÍ prqƒZ%i;kZoj. Ökl jksd`us ds` mik; ●●●

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/758

 ih\,u\ch\ Î`f" vf|d`kjh ijh{kk] 16-8-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i( 12. ‘Doklh-jsUV’%
(A) fu#æqYd` migkjkÍ ds` LoÔi eÍ
gksrs gß
O;kolkf;d` Kku ·vƒZækL(‚ (B) mRiknu ds` lHh œS`DVlZ d`ks
¥kxw gks ld`rs gß
·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚
(C) ekftZu¥ œ`eZ ds` fjVUlZ ls vf|d`
ds` œ`eZ ds` lkjs fjVUlZ bueÍ ækfe¥
01. ls d`k fu;e d`grk gS% (B) lwpuk ij ^frcU| gksrs gß
(A) ek∑x Lo;a viuh vkiwfrZ mRiUu (C) ek(k ij ^frcU| (D) mi;qZDr lHh
d`jrh gS (D) ewY; ij ^frcU| (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(B) vkiwfrZ Lo;a viuh ek∑x mRiUu (E) mi;qZDr lHh 13. buΩfMœ`jUl d`oZ rd`uhd` vko';d`r#%
d`jrh gS (A) ,d` d`kfMZu¥ n~fÆVd`ks. gS
07. ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ds` }kjk ¥kH gksrk gS\
(C) ek∑x Lo;a viuh ek∑x mRiUu
(A) vƒZuhfr eÍ lf∂`; rRo (B) ,d` vkWfMZu¥ n~fÆVd`ks. gS
d`jrh gS
(B) uohuhd`j. (C) ,d` Doklh-vkWfMZu¥ n~fÆVd`ks. gS
(D) vkiwfrZ Lo;a viuh vkiwfrZ mRiUu
(C) v^R;kfær ¥kH (D) mi;qZDr lHh
d`jrh gS
(D) mi;qZDr lHh (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(E) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(E) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 14. buΩfMœ`jUl d`oZ d`k L¥ksi D;k nækZrk
02. ekYƒl ds` tula“;k fl*kUr d`k
vk|kj gS% 08. C;kt ns; gksrk gS% gS =
(A) eqnzk Lœ`hfr d`h ”fr iwfrZ gsrq (A) nks oLrqvkÍ ds` lfCLVVΩ;wæu d`h
(A) tula“;k d`h gjkRed` Js.h
ekftZu¥ nj
(B) [k» mRiknu d`h xq.ks®j Js.h (B) HfoÆ; d`h lkexzh ij orZeku d`h
JsÆBrk gsrq (B) ,d` oLrq d`h ekftZu¥ ;wVhf¥Vh
(C) tula“;k d`h lekUrj Js.h d`k nwljh ls vuqikr
(D) tula“;k d`h xq.ks®j Js.h (C) D;kÍfd` eqnzk d`h ek∑x mld`h
vkiwfrZ d`ks ihNs NksÈM nsrh gS (C) (A) vkSj (B) nksukÍ
(E) mi;qZDr lHh
(D) okLrfod` lsDVj d`h o~f* d`ks (D) ,d` oLrq d`h VksV¥ ;wfVf¥Vh
03. xzsæe d`k fu;e d`grk gS% lqfuf'pr d`juk d`k nwljh ls vuqikr
(A) vPNh eqnzk] cqjh eqnzk d`ks p¥u (E) mi;qZDr lHh (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
ls ckgj d`j nsrh gS 15. vUrjkZÆV_h; O;kikj fl*kUr eÍ ‘ikl
09. fuosæ d`h ifjHk"k gS%
(B) cqjh eqnzk vPNh eqnzk d`ks p¥u ƒzw’ d`k vƒZ gS%
ls ckgj d`j nsrh gS (A) O;olk; eÍ |u ¥xkuk
(B) C;kt nsus ok¥s ckW≥MΩl [jhnuk (A) fu;kZr vkSj vk;kr ^kbl pÍt
(C) nksukÍ] vPNh eqnzk vkSj cqjh eqnzk eÍ fjŒ¥sDVsM ,DlpÍt jsV pÍt d`k
d`k lg-vfLrRo gks ld`rk gS (C) iw∑th ds` lap; eÍ cn¥ko
vuqikr
(D) u gh vPNh eqnzk vkSj u gh cqjh (D) mi;qZDr lHh
(B) fd`lh VSfjœ` cSfj;j d`k lkeuk
eqnzk ¥Ecs le; rd` p¥u eÍ jg (E) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ ugÓ d`j jgs gkÍ ,sls fu;kZr vkSj
ld`rh gS 10. vehjkÍ d`k vuqRiknd` fuosæ gS% vk;kr
(E) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (A) xjhckÍ d`ks jkstxkj d`h vko';d`rk (C) fd`lh rd`uhd`h cS f j;j d`k
04. eqnzk-voLœ`hfr d`k lzksr gS% (B) vkfƒZd` lao*Zu eÍ :d`koV lkeuk ugÓ d`j jgs gks ,sls fu;kZr
(A) okLrfod` lsDVj (C) vƒZuhfr ij d`ksbZ ftEesnkjh u vkSj vk;kr
(B) vkfƒZd` lsDVj gksuk (D) mi;qZDr lHh
(C) lsok lsDVj (D) ds`o¥ vehjkÍ d`h vƒZuhfr ds` (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(D) d`iÈMk lsDVj ^fr ftEesnkj gksuk 16. eYVh¥SVj¥ V_sM okrkZ d`k ;wÔXos
(E) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ jkmaM%
05. ,d` ^fr;ksfxrkRed` œ`eZ ¥kH cÈ<krh
gS] tc% 11. gsDæj-vksgf¥u fl*kUr D;k le>krk (A) 1986 eÍ æqÔ gqvk vkSj 1993
(A) MR = AR gS = ds` vUr eÍ iwjk gqvk
(B) MR = MC (A) nsækÍ ds` fj¥sfVo œS`DVj ,aMksesUVΩl (B) d`k ¥{; ƒk uksu-VSfjœ` V_sM
ds` lUnHZ eÍ O;kikj d`k iSVuZ cSfj;lZ ds` jkb¯tx V_ÍM d`ks fjolZ
(C) MC = AC
(B) d`ksbZ nsæ ,sls mRiknkÍ d`h vk;kr d`juk
(D) MC = AR
D;kÍ d`jsxk tks nsæ ds` Lds`lZ œS`DVj (C) us GATT d`ks WTO ls fjI¥sl
(E) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ d`k cÈMs iSekus ij bLrsek¥ d`jrs gß fd`;k
06. ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ds` d`kj. cktkj eÍ ‘lqij (C) rq¥ukRed` ¥kxr d`k fu;e (D) WTO eÍ lsokvkÍ vkSj Î`f" d`ks
ukeZ¥’ ¥kH cÈ< ld`rk gS\ (D) ijLij ek∑x d`h lad`Yiuk ¥k;k
(A) lwpuk d`h vlaxrrk (E) mi;qZDr lHh (E) mi;qZDr lHh

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/759
17. vUrjkZÆV_h; O;kikj fl*kUr eÍ ^ksMDV
lkbd`¥ ekWM¥ ·oukZu] 1966)%
(A) VsDuk¥kftd`¥ xSi ekWM¥ d`k
,d` ,DLVsUæu gS
(B) gsDæj-vksgΩf¥u ekWM¥ d`k ,d`
,DLVsUæu gS
(C) u;s ^ksMDV vkSj ^ksMDæu ds`
u;s ^kslslkÍ d`k Mk;ukfed` d`EisjsfVo
,MokaVst le>krk gS
(D) mi;qZDr lHh
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
18. œ`kWjsDl ekdsZ`V eÍ gsMΩ¯tx vkSj
LisD;q¥sæu%
(A) fojks|h xfrfof|;k∑ gß
(B) lekukUrj xfrfof|;k∑ gß
(C) leku xfrfof|;k∑ gß
(D) mi;qZDr lHh
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
19. d`jÍlh LoSi D;k gksrk gS`=
(A) ,d` gh laO;ogkj ds` ,d` Hkx
ds` Ôi eÍ ,d` d`jÍlh d`k gkftj
fo∂`; vkSj lkƒ gh mlh d`jÍlh d`k
œ`ksjoMZ iqu# ∂`;
(B) ,d` gh laO;ogkj ds` ,d` Hkx
ds` Ôi eÍ ,d` d`jÍlh d`k œ`ksjoMZ
fo∂`; vkSj lkƒ gh mlh d`jÍlh d`k
œ`ksjoMZ iqu# ∂`;
(C) nks v¥x-v¥x laO;ogkjkÍ eÍ
,d` d`jÍlh d`k œ`ksjoMZ fo∂`; vkSj
lkƒ gh mlh d`jÍlh d`k œ`ksjoMZ iqu#
∂`;
(D) mi;qZDr lHh
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
20. Hkjr eÍ ifC¥d`-^kbosV ikVZujfæi
ifj;kstuk,a vf|d`kaær# fuEuf¥f[r
ls lEcfU|r gß%
(A) gokbZ vMΩMs (B) cUnjxkg
(C) js¥os (D) lÈMd`
(E) ægjh fod`kl
21. Hkjr ds` vYikof| eqnzk cktkj eÍ
fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l lsxeÍV d`k
fgLlk lcls cÈMk gS =
(A) d`ks¥sVjkbTM cksjksbax ,≥M ¥ß¯Mx
vksfC¥xsæu (CBLO)
(B) V_sfMæu¥ fjiks
(C) D¥h;jd`kiZ fjiks vksoj eS¯px
flLVe (CROMS)
(D) d`kW¥
(E) vU;
22. CSO ds` laæksf|r vuqeku ds ` vuqlkj]
œS`DVj d`ksLV ij 2008-09 eÍ Hkjr
eÍ GDP …… ƒk\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/760
(A) 28,71,120 d`jksÈM :i,
(B) 31,29,717 d`jksÈM :i,
(C) 33,39,375 d`jksÈM :i,
(D) 44,82,436 d`jksÈM :i,
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
23. e÷;kÕ Hkstu ;kstuk%
(A) d`k fu|h;u ds`Unz }kjk fd`;k
x;k gS vkSj ;g fo'o eÍ lcls cÈMh
Ldw`¥ Hkstu ;kstuk gS
(B) ljd`kjh vkSj ljd`kjh lgk;rk
^kIr Ldw`¥ eÍ ^R;sd` cPps d`ks Ldw`¥
ds` ^R;sd` fnu d`e-ls-d`e 300 dS`¥ksjh
vkSj 8–12 xzke ^ksVhu] d`e-ls-d`e
200 fnu ds` f¥, mi¥C| d`jkrh gS
(C) ¥xHx 120 fef¥;u cPpkÍ d`ks
Hkstu mi¥C| d`jkrh gS
(D) mi;qZDr lHh
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
24. ba';qjUl isusV_sæu d`h ifjHk"k fuEuk-
uqlkj gS%
(A) ,d` o"Z eÍ vaMjfjVu ^hfe;e
d`k GDP ls vuqikr
(B) ,d` o"Z eÍ vaMjfjVu ^hfe;e
d`k dq`¥ tula“;k ls vuqikr
(C) ,d` o"Z eÍ b';qjUl lCL∂`kbZclZ
d`k dq`¥ tula“;k ls vuqikr
(D) ,d` o"Z ikf¥lh|kjd`kÍ d`h dq`¥
la“;k d`k dq`¥ tula“;k ls vuqikr
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
25. ba';qjUl MsfUlVh d`h ifjHk"k fuEuk-
uqlkj gS%
(A) ,d` o"Z eÍ vaMjfjVu ^hfe;e
d`k GDP ls vuqikr
(B) ,d` o"Z eÍ vaMjfjVu ^hfe;e
d`k dq`¥ tula“;k ls vuqikr
(C) ,d` o"Z eÍ b';qjUl lCL∂`kbclZ
d`k dq`¥ tula“;k ls vuqikr
(D) ,d` o"Z ikf¥lh|kjd`kÍ d`h dq`¥
la“;k d`k dq`¥ tula“;k ls vuqikr
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
26. œ`l¥kÍ ds` U;wure leƒZu ewY; d`h
flœ`kfjæ ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ }kjk d`h tkrh gS\
(A) ;kstuk vk;ksx] Hkjr
(B) Î`f" ¥kxr vkSj ewY; vk;ksx
(CACP)
(C) fo® vk;ksx] Hkjr
(D) Î`"d` vk;ksx] Hkjr
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
27. fo»qrΩ ·laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e] 2007%
(A) us dS`fIVo ;wfuVkÍ ds` fo∂`; gsrq
¥kblÍl d`h vko';d`rk lekIr d`j nh
(B) xk∑okÍ vkSj cktkjkÍ lfgr lHh
”s(kÍ eÍ ,Dlsl nsus ds` f¥, ds`Unz
vkSj jkT; ljd`kj }kjk la;qDr ^;kl
d`jus d`k bleÍ ^ko|ku gS
(C) nLrankt ehVjkÍ d`ks mi;ksx d`ks
vkofjr d`jus ds` f¥, bleÍ pksjh d`h
ifjHk"k d`k foLrkj fd`;k gS
(D) mi;qZDr lHh
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
28. vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ eanh ds` le; jktd`ks"h;
uhfr ld`¥ ek∑x d`ks ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ^Hkfor
d`j ld`rh gS\
(A) foosd`k|hu rRo
(B) xSj-foosd`k|hu rRo
(C) d`j d`h njÍ ?Vkd`j
(D) mi;qZDr lHh
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
29. rsjgoÍ fo® vk;ksx d`k v÷;” d`kSu
gS`=
(A) MkW\ jaxjktu
(B) MkW\ fot; ,¥\ ds`¥d`j
(C) MkW\ lqjsæ rÍMq¥d`j
(D) MkW\ lh\ ,p\ guqear jko
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
30. lkafo|kfud` Ôi ls ekU; fud`k;%
(A) ;kstuk vk;ksx
(B) fo® vk;ksx
(C) œ`ksjoMZ vk;ksx
(D) Î`"d` vk;ksx
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
31. fuEuf¥f[r mˆs'; ·mˆs';kÍ‚ ls vxLr
2007 eÍ Hkjr ljd`kj us jkÆV_h; Î`f"
fod`kl ;kstuk vkjEH d`h ƒh%
(A) Î`f" vkSj lEc* f∂`;kd`¥kikÍ eÍ
¥ksd` fuosæ cÈ<kus ds` f¥, jkT;kÍ d`ks
^ksRlkfgr d`jus
(B) ;g lqfuf'pr d`jus ds` f¥, fd`
Lƒkuh; tÔjrÍ/œ`l¥Í/^kƒfed`rkvkÍ
eÍ csgrjh gks
(C) egRoiw.Z œ`l¥kÍ eÍ mit vUrjk¥
d`e d`jus ds` ¥{; d`h ^kfIr d`jus
(D) mi;qZDr lHh
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
32. œ`jojh 2009 ds` vkjEH eÍ [k»kUu
d`k cœ`j H≥Mkj ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ ƒk\
(A) 16·2 fef¥;u Vu
(B) 20·0 fef¥;u Vu
(C) 37·4 fef¥;u Vu
(D) 36·2 fef¥;u Vu
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
33. fuEuf¥f[r ^;kstu ls Hkjr eÍ ifC¥d`
^kbosV Hkxhnkjh ¥kxw d`h xbZ gS%
(A) ljd`kjkÍ d`k fo®h; cks> d`e
d`jus
(B) bU≠`kLV_Dpj d`ks vucaM¥ d`j
nsus ok¥s VsDuk¥kftd`¥ ifjorZu d`ks 38. fjxzsæu ekWMYl eÍ Mfe osfj;scYl d`k
fjLikaM d`jus
(C) ek¥ vkSj lsokvkÍ ds` LoÔi d`ks
æq* ifC¥d` ls ^kbosV eÍ cn¥us
(D) mi;qZDr lHh
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
34. bd`ksuksesfV_d` fo'¥s". eÍ gsVsjkslsMkfLV-
flVh d`k vƒZ gS%
(A) ^R;sd` fMLVcZUl VeZ (Vi) ds`
f¥, osfj,Ul lHh i ds` f¥, leku gS
(B) ^R;sd` fMLVcZUl VeZ (Vi) ds`
f¥, osfj,Ul lHh i ds` f¥, leku ugÓ gS
(C) ^R;sd` fMLVcZUl VeZ ds` ^R;sd`
tksÈMs ds` f¥, d`ks-osfj,Ul leku gS
(D) ^R;sd` fMLVcZUl VeZ ds` ^R;sd`
tksÈMs ds` f¥, d`ks-osfj,Ul leku ugÓ gS
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
35. bd`ksuksesfV_d` fo'¥s". eÍ vkWVksd`ksfj-
¥sæu d`k vƒZ gS%
(A) fofHUu osfj;scYl ds` ewY;kÍ ds`
chp d`ksfj¥sæu
(B) oSd`fYid` osfj;scYl ds` ewY;kÍ
ds` chp d`ksfj¥sæu
(C) ,d` gh osfj;sc¥ ds` lDlsflo
ewY;kÍ ds` chp d`ksfj¥sæu
(D) mi;qZDr lHh
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
36. fuEuf¥f[r ds` ijh”. ds` f¥,
bd`ksuksesfV_d` ekWMYl eÍ MkfoZu-okVlu
VsLV ¥kxw fd`;k tkrk gS%
(A) ekWM¥ eÍ gsVsjkslsMfLVflVh d`k
vfLrRo
(B) lßi¥ MkVk eÍ vkVksd`ksfj¥sVsM
,jlZ ds` f¥,
(C) eYVhd`ksjsf¥fu;fjVh ds` f¥,
(D) vkWVksfjxzsflo fMLVcZUlst
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
37. ohd`¥h LVsæujh LVksd`kfLVd` ^kslsl
fuEuf¥f[r fLƒfr eÍ bl uke ls
tkuk tkrk gS%
(A) le; ds` nkSjku bld`k ehu vkSj
osfj;Ul fLƒj jgrk gS
(B) Vq Vkbe ihfj;MΩ l ds ` chp
d`ksosfj;Ul d`h oSY;w ds`o¥ Vq Vkbe
ihfj;MΩl ds` chp ¥Sx ij fMiÍM
d`jrh gS
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/761
(C) okLrfod` le; tc d`ksosfj;Ul (D) mi;qZDr lHh
d`EI;wV fd`;k tkrk gS] ml ij (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
d`ksosfj;Ul d`h oSY;w fuHZj ugÓ d`jrh gS
40. fo'o d`h tula“;k 2·6 ^frær d`h
(D) mi;qZDr lHh nj ls cÈ<rh gS] rks ;g ˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ eÍ
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ nksxquh gks tk,xh\
(A) 44·34 o"Z (B) 36·92 o"Z
^;ksx% (C) 29·32 o"Z (D) 26·66 o"Z
(A) Dokf¥VsfVo¥h estj u gks lds` (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
,sls bEiksVZUV osfj;scYl d`ks fj^stsUV
d`jus ds` f¥, gksrk gS m®j O;k“;k lfgr
(B) Lisflfœ`d` ,fV_C;wVΩl d`k bœs`DV
dS`Ipj d`jus ds` f¥, gksrk gS
(C) ckbujh osfj;scYl ds` Ôi eÍ
gksrk gS
(D) tula“;k ds` nks lewgkÍ ds` chp
d`k Hsn LiÆV d`jus ds` f¥, gksrk gS
(E) mi;qZDr lHh
39. bd`ksuksesfV_d` ,uk¥kbfll eÍ ^eq[
?Vd`%
(A) f¥fu;j d`kafcusæUl gksrs gß
(B) ≠`hMe d`h fMxzhl cÈ<kus eÍ
lgk;rk d`jrs gß
(C) eYVhd`ksfjf¥fu;fjVh d`h gkb ●●●
fMxz h d`e d`jus eÍ lgk;rk d`jrs gß
ijh{kk frfFk%25 vDVwcj] 2009
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d`ksM ua\ 1480 ewY; # 245/-
izeq[ vkd`"Z.
☞ rdZ`æfDr ijh{kk ☞ la“;kRed`
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☞ English Language
☞ lkekU; lpsrrk
ENGLISH EDITION Code No. 1674 Rs. 215/-
: publisher@upkar.in
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 vkxkeh cßd` ih\vks\] ,e\ch\,\ vkfn ijh”kvkÍ ds` f¥, foæs" g¥ iz'u 16. Hkjr eÍ ig¥h nwjarks ,Dl^sl js¥xkÈMh
fd`u LVsæukÍ ds` chp p¥kbZ xbZ ƒh =
(A) psUubZ%fnY¥h
m»ksx O;kikj txrΩ (B) psUubZ%eqacbZ
(C) eqEcbZ lÍV_¥%fnY¥h
(D) fl;k¥nkg%fnY¥h
17. ‘flMch‘ (SIDBI) D;k gS =
1. flrEcj 2009 ds` e÷; eÍ Hkjr ds` (A) ¥ksœ`ktZ bafM;k
ikl vkjf”r fonsæh eqnzk d`ks" ·Lo.Z (A) cßd`
(B) ,lchvkbZ ¥kbœ`
o ,lMhvkj lfgr‚ ƒs] ¥xHx% (B) chek d`Eiuh
(C) oksMkœ`ksu
(A) 150 vjc MkW¥j (D) ijlsIV (C) E;wpqv¥ œ`≥M
(B) 210 vjc MkW¥j (D) ∂s`fMV js¯Vx ,tÍlh
9. cqd`j iqjLd`kj fd`l nsæ eÍ ^nku fd`,
(C) 250 vjc MkW¥j 18. ‘oYMZ Mso¥ieÍV fjiksVZ’ uke ls okf"Zd`
tkrs gß =
(D) 280 vjc MkW¥j fjiksVZ d`k ^d`kæu fd`l fo®h;
(A) vejhd`k (B) fczVsu
2. fd`lkukÍ d`h )`. ekœ`h d`h ds`Unz ljd`kj (C) ≠`kal (D) Hkjr laLƒku }kjk fd`;k tkrk gS =
d`h ;kstuk ds` rgrΩ ¥kHkfUor fd`lkukÍ (A) vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks"
10. gfj;k.k eÍ u, Hkjrh; ^ca|u laLƒku
d`h la“;k fd`l jkT; eÍ lokZf|d` jgh (B) fo'o cßd`
(IIM) d`h Lƒkiuk fd`l ægj eÍ d`h
gS =
tk jgh gS = (C) MCY;w Vhs vks
(A) m®j ^nsæ (B) vkU|z ^nsæ
(A) œ`jhnkckn (B) ;equk uxj (D) vad`VkM (UNCTAD)
(C) egkjkÆV_ (D) iatkc
(C) jksgrd` (D) xqÈMxkao 19. rj¥rk d`k ^okg cÈ<kus ds` f¥, 250
3. ‘vkfl;ku’ (ASEAN) ds` 10 lnL;
11. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l jkT;/ds`Unz vjc MkW¥j ds` rqY; ,lMhvkj d`k
jkÆV_kÍ eÍ ls fd`lds` lkƒ Hkjr d`k vkoaVu vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks" us
fonsæh O;kikj lokZf|d` gS = ækflr ”s( eÍ ,d` u, jkÆV_h;
^kS»ksfxd`h laLƒku (NIT) d`h Lƒkiuk vius lnL; nsækÍ d`ks vxLr 2009
(A) ¯lxkiqj (B) e¥sfæ;k eÍ fd`;k ƒk\ Hkjr d`ks fd`rus vjc
X;kjgoÓ iapo"hZ; ;kstuk ds` nkSjku
(C) ƒkbZ¥S≥M (D) baMksusfæ;k ugÓ d`h tkuh gS`= MkW¥j bl vkoaVu ds` rgrΩ ^kIr gq,
4. cksbax foeku d`Eiuh fd`l nsæ d`h (A) uxk¥S≥M (B) >kj[≥M gß =
d`Eiuh gS = (C) m®jk[≥M (D) fnY¥h (A) 1·2 vjc MkW¥j
(A) vejhd`k (B) ≠`kal (B) 4·8 vjc MkW¥j
12. ‘œ`ksClZ’ if(d`k ds` vkd`¥u ds` vuqlkj
(C) fczVsu (D) fLoVΩtj¥S≥M (C) 7·6 vjc MkW¥j
foxr ,d` o"Z eÍ fd`l f∂`ds`Vj d`h
5. ‘fofæÆV igpku la“;k ^kf|d`j.’ ds` d`ekbZ fo'o eÍ lHh vU; f∂`ds`VjkÍ ls (D) 10·2 vjc MkW¥j
v÷;” uanu uh¥sd`f. lkWŒVos;j ”s( vf|d` jgh gS = 20. vius lalk|ukÍ eÍ o~f* ds` f¥, fd`l
d`h fd`l d`Eiuh ls lEc* jgs gß = (A) egsUnz ¯lg |ksuh fo®h; laLƒku us 400 Vu ls vf|d`
(A) Vhlh,l (B) baœ`ksfll (B) lfpu rÍnq¥d`j lksuk cspus d`k œS`l¥k fd`;k gS =
(C) fo^ks (D) ekb∂`kslkWŒV (C) fjd`h ikͯVx (A) fo'o cßd`
6. lh,lvks ds` rktk vkd`¥u ds` vuqlkj (D) ds`fou ihVjlu (B) ,fæ;kbZ fod`kl cßd`
pk¥w fo®h; o"Z 2009-10 d`h ig¥h (C) MCY;w Vh vks
13. v»ru vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ds` vuqlkj baVjusV
frekgh eÍ Hkjrh; vƒZO;oLƒk eÍ d`k mi;ksx d`jus ok¥kÍ d`h lokZf|d` (D) vUrjkZÆV_h; eqnzk d`ks"
fd`rus ^frær d`h o~f* ntZ d`h xbZ la“;k fd`l nsæ eÍ gS = 21. oSf'od` fo®h; fLƒfr d`h leh”k ds`
gS =
(A) vejhd`k (B) phu f¥, th-20 d`k rktk fæ[j lEes¥u
(A) 3·4 ^frær (B) 4·8 ^frær
(C) 5·3 ^frær (D) 6·1 ^frær (C) Hkjr (D) tkiku flrEcj 2009 eÍ d`gk∑ vk;ksftr gqvk
14. nsæ d`h dq`¥ tula“;k ds` ^frær ds` gS =
7. chek ”s( d`h d`Eiuh eSDl U;w;kWdZ` ds`
Ôi eÍ baVjusV d`k mi;ksx d`jus (A) VksjaVks
u, czkaM ,EcslMj gß%
ok¥kÍ d`k lokZf|d` ^frær gS% (B) jkse
(A) vfHrkH cPpu
(A) vejhd`k eÍ (B) phu eÍ (C) d`ksisugsxu
(B) ækg:[ [ku
(C) egsUnz ¯lg |ksuh (C) vkLV_sf¥;k eÍ (D) tkiku eÍ (D) fiVΩlcxZ ·vejhd`k‚
(D) lfpu rÍnq¥d`j 15. gk¥ gh eÍ fd`rus lIrkg rd` Hkjr eÍ 22. 55oÍ jkÆV_h; fœ`Ye iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` rgrΩ
8. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l d`Eiuh ds` lkƒ eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h nj æwU; ls uhps cuh loZJsÆB fœ`Ye d`k iqjLd`kj ikus ok¥h
,d` rktk vuqca| vks¥fEid` d`kaL; jgh ƒh = fœ`Ye ‘d`kaphojeΩ’ fd`l Hk"k d`h gS =
ind` fotsrk eqDds`ckt fotÍnj ¯lg us (A) 5 lIrkg (B) 9 lIrkg (A) fgUnh (B) rs¥qxw
fd`;k gS] tksfd` fookfnr gks x;k gS = (C) 13 lIrkg (D) 17 lIrkg (C) e¥;k¥e (D) rfe¥

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/762
23. 55oÍ jkÆV_h; fœ`Ye iqjLd`kjkÍ ds` rgrΩ 27. Hkjr eÍ ig¥k bL¥kfed` cßd` fd`l
jkÆV_h; ,d`rk ij loZJsÆB fœ`Ye d`k jkT; eÍ Lƒkfir fd`;k tk jgk gS =
ujfxl n® iqjLd`kj fd`l fœ`Ye ds` (A) tEew d`'ehj (B) egkjkÆV_
f¥, fn;k x;k gS = (C) rfe¥ukMq (D) ds`j¥
(A) |eZ (B) ≠`kstsu
28. ‘bafM;k ,≥M X¥ksc¥ ∂`kblsl’ uke ls ●●●
(C) 1971 (D) pd` ns bafM;k
gk¥ gh eÍ ^d`kfær iqLrd` fd`lds`
24. ukWjeu cksj¥kWx] ftud`k fu|u }kjk jfpr gS = c|kbZ lansæ
flrEcj 2009 eÍ gqvk gS] us fuEu- ;g cÈMs g"Z d`k fo"; gS fd` gekjs ,d`
(A) MkW\ lh\ jaxjktu
f¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ”s( eÍ ;ksxnku ds` fu;fer ikBd` Jh ujsUnz pkS|jh d`k `p;u]
f¥, “;kfr ^kIr d`h ƒh = (B) æad`j vkpk;Z jktLFkku ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx }kjk vk;ksftr
(A) baVjusV (C) fot; ds`¥d`j ijh{kk 2007 ds` vk|kj ij] jktLFkku
(D) lqjsæ rÍnq¥d`j iqf¥l lsok eÍ fMIVh ,l\ih\ ds` in ij
(B) ekb∂`ks ∂s`fMV vfUre Ôi ls gks x;k gS\ iwjs jkT; eÍ mUgÍ
(C) ckSf*d` laink vf|d`kj 29. vkBok∑ ^oklh Hkjrh; fnol lEes¥u 25 ok∑ LFkku izkIr gqvk gS\ bl ækunkj
(D) vf|d` mit nsus ok¥s cht tuojh 2010 eÍ fd`l ægj eÍ lœ`¥rk ds` f¥, ge Jh pkS|jh d`ks gkfnZd`
vk;ksftr fd`;k tk,xk = c|kbZ izsf"r d`jrs gß\ lwpukFkZ i( eÍ Jh
25. vad`VkM d`h rktk fjiksVZ ds` vuqlkj pkS|jh us f¥[k gS fd` mud`h ;g lœ`¥rk
chrs o"Z 2008 eÍ ,œ`MhvkbZ ^kIr (A) ubZ fnY¥h (B) cax¥kSj
izfr;ksfxrk niZ. d`h csgrjhu v÷;;u
d`jus ok¥s ,fæ;kbZ nsækÍ eÍ Hkjr d`k (C) gSnjkckn (D) eqEcbZ lkexzh] okf"Zd`kad` ,oa foKku vkSj jkt-
d`kSulk Lƒku jgk gS = O;oLFkk ds` vfrfjâ`kad`kÍ ds` lg;ksx vkSj
30. flrEcj 2009 eÍ ¥SDes œS`æu ohd`
(A) ig¥k (B) nwljk ekxZnæZu ls gqbZ gS\ izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvkÍ ds`
d`k vk;kstu fd`l ægj eÍ gqvk ƒk = f¥, lEiw.Z vko';d` lkexzh mi¥C| d`jkus
(C) rhljk (D) pkSƒk (A) ubZ fnY¥h (B) cax¥kSj ok¥h izfr;ksfxrk niZ. if(d`k vius vki eÍ
26. Hkjr eÍ gk¥ gh eÍ C;kt njkÍ d`k (C) d`ks¥d`krk (D) eqEcbZ ,d` lEiw.Z if(d`k gS\ ge Jh pkS|jh ds` bu
ok;nk d`kjksckj fd`l ,DlpÍt eÍ æqÔ fopkjkÍ ls vfHHwr gß rFkk muds` mTTo¥
fd`;k x;k gS = m®jek¥k HfoÆ; d`h gkfnZd` d`keuk d`jrs gß\
(A) BSE (B) NSE %lEiknd`
(C) MCX (D) NCDEX

jkT; æSf{kd` vuqla|ku ,oa izfæ{k. ifj"nΩ

}kjk vk;ksftr
ijh{kk frfFk%28 vDVwcj] 2009

¥s[d`}; # MkW\ ¥k¥ ,oa tSu

d`ksM ua\ 1491 ewY; # 110/-
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Code 1676 Rs. 120/-

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^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/763
 m®jk[≥M ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx ·^k\‚ ijh”k (2006), 9-3-2008 d`k g¥ iz'u-i( 14. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus d`gk ƒk fd`
fo|ku ‘lekt ds` fo|k;h vaxkÍ d`h
vkSipkfjd` vfHO;fDr ·d`ƒu‚ gS=
(A) Mk;l (B) ,¥su
fof| (C) xzs (D) C¥Sd` LVksu
15. ^“;kr fucU| ‘fMVfeZfuax jsfæ;ks MslhMÍMh
vkWœ` ds`l’ ds` ¥s[d` ƒs—
61. ∏fof| ækL( vf|jfpr ·fu'p;kRed`‚ (d) fof|d` O;oLƒk ^knæksÛ d`h Lrwi (A) xqMgkVZ (B) fouœ`hYM
fof| d`k næZu gS\π ;g d`ƒu gS— lajpuk gS\ (C) vksisughe (D) twf¥;l LVksu
(A) vkWfLVu (B) isVu lwph–II 16. lwph –I d`ks lwph–II ds` lkƒ lqesf¥r
(C) d`hVu (D) Mk;l 1. gkVZ 2. ds`Ylu d`hft, rƒk lwfp;kÍ ds` uhps fn, x, dw`V
62. ∏fof|ækL( fof| ds` vk|kjHwr fl*kUrkÍ 3. twf¥;l LVksu 4. lSfouh d`h lgk;rk ls lgh m®j pqfu, —
d`k oSKkfud` la'¥s". gS\π ;g fd`lus dw`V # lwph–I
d`gk ƒk = (a) (b) (c) (d) (a) ,sfrgkfld` fopkj|kjk
(A) ,s¥u (B) cSUƒe (A) 2 1 4 3 (b) fo;uk fopkj|kjk
(C) gkW¥S≥M (D) Mk;l (B) 4 3 1 2 (c) ^kÎ`frd` fof| fopkj|kjk
63. gkjoMZ ¥kW fjO;w eÍ gkVZ-œq`¥j d`h cgl (C) 3 4 1 2 (d) lektækL(h; fopkj|kjk
d`k fo"; gS— (D) 3 1 4 2 lwph–II
(A) fof| vkSj lekt 68. ∏LokfeRo fd`lh oLrq ij iw.Z fu;a(. 1. MΩ;wfxV 2. LVSe¥j
(B) fof| vkSj uSfrd`rk gS\π ;g ifjHk"k nh xbZ gS— 3. ds`Ylu 4. iqPrk
(C) fof| vkSj nkf;Ro (A) iSVu }kjk dw`V #
(D) fof| vkSj U;k; (a) (b) (c) (d)
(B) iks¥d` }kjk
64. ∏,d` vk∑[ ds` f¥, ,d` vk∑[ rƒk ,d` (C) gkW¥S≥M }kjk (A) 2 4 1 3
nk∑r ds` f¥, ,d` nk∑r ·vƒkZrΩ tSls d`ks (B) 4 3 2 1
(D) ds`Ylu }kjk
rSlk‚π fd`l fl*kUr ds` vuqlkj n≥M (C) 3 1 4 2
d`k mˆs'; ƒk = 69. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l fof|ækL(h us
(D) 2 3 4 1
(A) H;d`kjh (Detterrent) fl*kUr fof|d` vf|d`kjkÍ ,oa d`®ZO;kÍ d`h O;k“;k
(B) fuokj.oknh (Preventive) fl*kUr
fof|d` lgorhZ ,oa fof|d` fo¥kse ds` Ôi 17. ∏,d`ek( vf|d`kj tks euqÆ; d`k gks
eÍ d`h gS = ld`rk gS og gS lnSo d`rZO; d`ks d`jus
(C) ^frd`kjijd` (Retributive) d`k vf|d`kj\π] ;g d`gk ƒk—
(A) gkgœS`YM (B) eÍlœ`hYM
fl*kUr (A) jkLd`ks ikm≥M us
(C) gkW¥S≥M (D) gksEl
(D) lq|kjkRed` (Reformative) fl*kUr (B) bgfjax us
10. lj gsujh esu ds` vuqlkj] vc rd`
65. lEiw.Z fo'o ds` fo:* lqjf”r fgr d`ks (C) ,gjf¥p us
d`gk tkrk gS— ^xfræh¥ lektkÍ d`k lap¥u jgk gS—
(D) MΩ;wfxV us
(A) ^kfLƒfr (Status) ls lkekftd`
(A) lgh vƒksÛ eÍ vf|d`kj 18. ∏fof| d`k jkÆV_ ds` lkƒ tUe gksrk gS]
lafonk d`h vksj
(B) lkEif®d` vf|d`kj ;g mlh ds` lkƒ cÈ<rh gS] vkSj mlds`
(B) ^kÎ`frd` fof| ls vf|jfpr fof|
(C) loZca|h vf|d`kj fo?Vu ij lekIr gks tkrh gS vkSj ;g
(Positive Law) d`h vksj
(D) O;fDrca|h vf|d`kj mld`h ,d` foæs"rk gS\π ;g er gS—
(C) ÔfÈ< (Custom) ls fo|k;u d`h vksj
(A) ^kÎ`frd` fof| fopkj|kjk d`k
66. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l fof|ækL(h us (D) ^kfLƒfr ls lafonk (Contract) d`h
æk'or fof| (Lex Aeterma), ^kÎ`frd` (B) ,sfrgkfld` fopkj|kjk d`k
vksj
fof|] (Lex Naturalis), bZ'ojh; fof| (C) fo'¥s".kRed` fopkj|kjk d`k
11. ∏fof| d`k ^;kstu lq[ d`ks ^n® d`juk
(Lex Divina) rƒk ekuo fufeZr (Lex (D) lektækL(h; fopkj|kjk d`k
Humana) fof| eÍ foHsn fd`;k gS`=
vkSj nq#[ d`k fuokj. d`juk gS\π ;g
fd`lus d`gk ƒk = 19. ‘,d`¥ fuxe’ (Corporate Sole) d`k
(A) flljks eq“; ^;kstu gS—
(A) cSUƒe (B) lke≥M
(B) tfLVfu;u (A) lEif® d`ks vklkuh ls fojklr
(C) dS`Ylu (D) gkWCl
(C) lUr ƒkWel ,fDoukl ;ksX; cukuk
12. ∏lkekftd` ;kaf(d`hπ (Social Engi-
(D) I¥sVks (B) lEif® d`ks vklkuh ls varj.h;
neering) ds` fl*kUr d`k ^orZd gS—
67. lwph–I d`ks lwph–II ds` lkƒ lqesf¥r cukuk
(A) jkWLd`ks ikm≥M (B) d`kWEVs
d`hft, rƒk lwfp;kÍ ds` uhps fn, x, dw`V (C) in eÍ fujUrjrk cuk, j[uk
(C) MΩ;wfxV (D) bgfjax
d`h lgk;rk ls lgh m®j pqfu, — (D) jkT; d`h lEif® d`h lqj”k d`juk
lwph–I 13. ∏d`UlsIV vkWœ` ¥kW’ iqLrd` d`k ¥s[d` 20. fof| ds` AksrkÍ d`h foospuk d`jrs gq,
(a) fof|ækL( vf|oDrkvkÍ d`h cfg-
d`kSu gS = fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus d`gk ƒk fd`
eqZ[rk gS\ (A) ,p\,¥\,\ gkVZ ∏U;k;k¥; lafof| ds` e~r æCnkÍ eÍ thou
(b) fof| d`k Aksr ¥ksd` psruk gS\ (B) vkWfLVu œw∑`d`us d`k d`k;Z d`jrs gß =
(c) fof| ^kƒfed` ,oa f}rh;d` fu;ekÍ (C) cSUƒe (A) gkW¥S≥M (B) xzs
d`k ,sD; gS\ (D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (C) lke≥M (D) vkWfLVu

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/764
21. fo'¥s".kRed` (Analytical)] ,sfrgkfld` (B) Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr }kjk (C) ,\ oh\ Mk;lh d`k
,oa uSfrd` fof|ækL( (Historical and (C) laln }kjk fof| cukd`j (D) ,l\ ,\ Mh\ fLeƒ d`k
Ethical Jurisprudence)] fof|ækL( ds` (D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 33. ,\ vkj\ vUrq¥s cuke vkj\ ,l\ uk;d`
rhu fofHUu Hkx gß\ d`ƒukuqlkj—
28. ∏jkT; vUrjkZÆV_h; ækfUr vkSj lqj”k d`h (1988) d`k okn fuEuf¥f[r ls lEcfU|r
(A) lke≥M gS%
vfHo~f* d`k ^;kl d`jsxkπ] micaf|r
(B) bgfjax gS — (A) vuqPNsn–12
(C) gkVZ (A) vuqPNsn–48 d` eÍ (B) lafo|ku d`h ^Lrkouk
(D) beSuqv¥ d`k≥V (B) vuqPNsn–49 eÍ (C) vuqPNsn–311
22. ;»fi vkikrd`k¥ d`h mnΩ?ks".k ¥kxw gks] (C) vuqPNsn–50 eÍ (D) vuqPNsn–368
rƒkfi U;k;k¥;kÍ ds` ek÷;e ls fuEu- (D) vuqPNsn–51 eÍ 34. lafo|ku d`k d`kSulk ^ko|ku ds`Unz ij
f¥f[r vf|d`kjkÍ d`k ^orZu fu¥fEcr
ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk gS— 29. NnΩe fo|k;u (Colourable Legisla- ;g nkf;Ro fuÔfir d`jrk gS fd` og ;g
tion) d`k fl*kUr ¥kxw gksrk gS] tc — lqfuf'pr d`js fd` jkT; d`h ljd`kj
(A) vuqPNsn 14, 19 vkSj 21 lafo|ku ds` ^ko|kukÍ ds` vuqÔi p¥k;h
(A) fo|kf;d`k vius ”s(kf|d`kj ds`
(B) vuqPNsn 20, 21 vkSj 22 tk jgh gS`=
vUrxZr d`k;Z d`jrh gS
(C) vuqPNsn 19 vkSj 21 (A) vuqPNsn–352 (B) vuqPNsn–355
(B) fo|kf;d`k vius ”s(kf|d`kj ls ckgj
(D) vuqPNsn 20 vkSj 21 d`k;Z d`jrh gS (C) vuqPNsn–356 (D) vuqPNsn–360
23. laln vkSj mlds` lnL;kÍ d`h æfDr;kÍ] (C) fo|kf;d`k ˜ijh rkS j ls vius 35. ‘^lkn d`k fl*kUr’ (Doctrine of
foæs"kf|d`kj vkSj mUeqfDr;kÍ (Immu- ”s(kf|d`kj ds` Hhrj d`k;Z d`jrh gS] Pleasure) ¥kxw gksrk gS—
nities) ds` lEcU| eÍ ^ko|ku gS — tcfd` okLro eÍ lhekvkÍ d`k vfr∂`e. (A) vuqPNsn–15(4) ij
(A) vuqPNsn–105 eÍ d`jrh gS (B) vuqPNsn–16(4) ij
(B) vuqPNsn–106 eÍ (D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (C) vuqPNsn–356 ij
(C) vuqPNsn–107 eÍ 30. ,l\ vkj\ cksEekbZ cuke Hkjr la? (D) vuqPNsn–310 ij
(D) vuqPNsn–194 eÍ (1994) d`k eke¥k lEcfU|r gS—
36. lafo|ku d`h mˆsfæd`k (Preamble of the
24. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l okn eÍ mPpre (A) lalnh; foæs"kf|d`kj ls Constitution) Hkjr d`ks ?ksf"r d`jrh
U;k;k¥; us iqf¥l vfHj”k eÍ ∂w`jrk ;k (B) ^sl d`h LorU(rk ls gS —
mRihÈMu (Cruelty or Torture) fd`, (C) jkÆV_ifr æklu d`h mnΩ?ks".k ls (A) iaƒfujis” lektoknh ^HqRo lEiUu
tkus d`ks vuqPNsn 21 d`k mY¥a?u crkrs ¥ksd`rU(kRed` x.jkT;
gq, fuUnk d`h = (D) lerk ds` vf|d`kj ls
(B) lektoknh iaƒfujis” ^HqRo lEiUu
(A) ≠`kafll d`ksjs¥h cuke fnY¥h la? 31. lwph–I d`ks lwph–II ds` lkƒ lqesf¥r
d`hft, rƒk lwfp;kÍ ds` uhps fn, x, dw`V ¥ksd`rU(kRed` x.jkT;
”s(
d`h lgk;rk ls lgh m®j pqfu, — (C) ^HqRo lEiUu iaƒfujis” lektoknh
(B) esud`k xka|h cuke Hkjr la? ¥ksd`rU(kRed` x.jkT;
(C) ih\ jfrjke cuke Hkjr la? lwph–I
(D) ^HqRo lEiUu lektoknh iaƒfujis”
(D) vksYxk rsf¥l cuke cEcbZ E;qfu- (a) lafo|ku ·52ok∑ laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e
¥ksd`rU(kRed` x.jkT;
fli¥ d`kWiksZjsæu (b) lafo|ku ·86ok∑ laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e
37. Hkjr ds` fu;a(d`-egk¥s[k ijh”d` d`h
25. lafo|ku d`k d`kSulk vuqPNsn ;g mi- (c) lafo|ku ·^ƒe laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e
fu;qfDr fd`l ^ko|ku ds` vUrxZr gksrh
caf|r d`jrk gS fd` eaf(;kÍ }kjk jkÆV_ifr (d) lafo|ku ·93ok∑ laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e gS =
d`ks nh xbZ l¥kg d`h fd`lh U;k;k¥; lwph–II (A) vuqPNsn–48
}kjk tk∑p ugÓ d`h tk,xh`= 1. pquko eÍ vkj”. (B) vuqPNsn–147
(A) vuqPNsn–74(1) 2. uoÓ vuqlwph (C) vuqPNsn–149
(B) vuqPNsn–74(2) 3. nloÓ vuqlwph (D) vuqPNsn–148
(C) vuqPNsn–75 4. fæ”k d`k vf|d`kj 38. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`ks ¥ksd` lHk ds`
(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ dw`V # v÷;” }kjk viuk R;kxi( lEcksf|r
26. laln eÍ n¥-cn¥ jksd`us gsrq vuqPNsn (a) (b) (c) (d) d`juk pkfg,`=
102 eÍ [≥M (2) rƒk nloÓ vuqlwph (A) 3 4 1 2 (A) jkÆV_ifr
tksÈMh xbZ — (B) 3 4 2 1 (B) ^|kuea(h
(A) lafo|ku ·42ok∑ laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e (C) 4 3 2 1 (C) ¥ksd`lHk ds` mik÷;”
1976 }kjk (D) 2 4 1 3 (D) lalnh; d`k;ksÛ ds` ea(h
(B) lafo|ku ·44ok∑ laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e
1978 }kjk
32. ∏Hkjrh; lafo|ku eÍ] ,d` ,d`kRed` 39. fuEuf¥f[r fjVkÍ eÍ ls d`kSulh fjV ds`o¥
jkT; (Unitary State)] ftleÍ la?kRed` U;kf;d` ,oa U;kf;d` d`Yi ^kf|d`kfj;kÍ ds`
(C) lafo|ku ·52ok∑ laæks|u‚ vf|fu;e rRo lgk;d` Ôi eÍ] u fd` la?kRed` fo:* tkjh d`h tk ld`rh gS =
1985 }kjk jkT;] ftleÍ ,d`kRed` rRo lgk;d` d`gs (A) ijeknsæ (Mandamus)
(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ tk ld`rs gß] d`k ^ko|ku gS\π] ;g d`ƒu (B) cUnh ^R;”hd`j. (Habeas Cor-
27. Hkjr eÍ mPpre U;k;k¥; ds` vf|- gS — pus)
d`kfjrk d`h o~f* d`h tk ld`rh gS% (A) lj vkboj tsfuaXl d`k (C) mR^s". (Certiorari)
(A) Hkjr ds` eq“; U;k;k|hæ }kjk (B) ds`\ lh\ Ogs;j d`k (D) vf|d`kj i~PNk (Quo Warranto)

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/765
40. Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr d`k fuokZpu d`kSu 49. la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` fd`l vuqPNsn ds` d`kj. (R) : lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` Lƒk;h
d`jrk gS`= v|hu lqj”k ifj"nΩ fd`lh jkT; ds` lnL;kÍ d`ks ohVks d`k vf|d`kj gS\
(A) ds`o¥ jkT; lHk ds` lnL; fo:* læL( c¥ d`k ^;ksx d`j ld`rh dw`V #
(B) ds`o¥ ¥ksd`lHk ds` lnL; gS = (A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lgh gß vkSj
(C) laln ds`` nksukÍ lnukÍ ds` lnL; (A) 42 (B) 45 (R), (A) d`k LiÆVhd`j. gS
(C) 41 (D) 51 (B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lgh gß] fd`Urq
(D) jkT;kÍ ds` lHh fo|kue≥M¥kÍ ds`
lnL; 50. fd`lus d`gk ƒk] ∏,d` jkT; ds`o¥ vkSj (R), (A) d`k lgh LiÆVhd`j. ugÓ
41. nkf≥Md` fo";kÍ (Criminal) eÍ mPpre
vuU; Ôi ls] ekU;rk }kjk gh vUrjkZÆV_h; gS
U;k;k¥; d`h vih¥h; vf|d`kfjrk fd`l O;fDr gS vkSj gksrk gSπ = (C) (A) lgh gS] fd`Urq (R) x¥r gS
vuqPNsn eÍ gS`= (A) gkW¥S≥M (B) gk¥ (D) (A) x¥r gS] fd`Urq (R) lgh gS
(A) 131 (B) 132 (C) vksisugse (D) LVkdZ` 59. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk vUrjkZÆV_h;
(C) 136 (D) 134 51. la;qDr jkÆV_ fnol fd`l frfƒ d`ks euk;k fof| d`k ^kƒfed` Aksr gS =
42. Hkjr ds` jkÆV_ifr d`ks ”ek (Pardon)
tkrk gS = (A) U;kf;d` fu.Z;
^nku d`jus d`h æfDr fd`l vuqPNsn eÍ (A) 26 twu (B) 10 fnlEcj (B) vUrjkZÆV_h; fof|ækfL(;kÍ ds` ¥s[
^kIr gS`= (C) 11 tq¥kbZ (D) 24 vDVwcj (C) vUrjkZÆV_h; ^ƒk,a
(A) 172 (B) 74 52. vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; ds` ,d` U;k;k|hæ (D) vUrjkZÆV_h; ÔfÈ<;k∑
(C) 72 (D) 92 d`ks gVk;k tk ld`rk gS— 60. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` fd`l
43. mPpre U;k;k¥; ds` fd`l fu.Z; ds` (A) lqj”k ifj"nΩ ds` ^Lrko }kjk vax ds` ikl la;qDr jkÆV_ la? ds` lnL;
vuqlkj jkT; fd`lh xSj-lgk;rk ^kIr (B) egklHk ds` ^Lrko }kjk d`ks fud`k¥us vƒok fu¥fEcr d`jus d`h
futh O;kolkf;d` fæ”. laLƒku ij (C) egklfpo }kjk æfDr gS =
viuh vkj”. uhfr vkjksfir ugÓ d`j (D) æs" U;k;k|hækÍ d`h loZlEefr }kjk (A) vkfƒZd` vkSj lkekftd` ifj"nΩ
ld`rk = (B) lqj”k ifj"nΩ
53. fd`lus d`gk ƒk fd` ^ƒk ÔfÈ< (Custom)
(A) ,e\ ukxjkt cuke Hkjr la? (C) vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥;
ds` ^kƒfed` pj. d`k ^frfuf|Ro d`jrh
(B) ih\ ,\ bZekunj cuke egkjkÆV_ jkT; gS tgk∑ ^ƒk lekIr gksrh gS ogÓ ÔfÈ< (D) lqj”k ifj"nΩ d`h laLrqfr;kÍ ij
(C) Vh\,e\,\ ikbZ œ`kmUMsæu cuke ^kjEH gksrh gS`= egklHk
d`ukZVd` jkT; (A) LVkdZ` (B) czk;j¥h 61. la;qDr jkÆV_ ds` fd`rus fl*kUr vkafxd`
(D) bUnzk lkguh cuke Hkjr la? (C) gk¥ (D) xzksfæ;l vuqik¥u (Organic Observance) ds`
44. la? vkSj jkT;kÍ ds` f¥, ¥ksd` lsok 54. f}rh; fo'o ekuo vf|d`kj lEes¥u] f¥, ^frikfnr gß =
vk;ksx ds` xBu d`k mica| gS — 1993 lEiUu gqvk— (A) rhu (B) pkj
(A) vuqPNsn–316 eÍ (A) fo;suk eÍ (B) isfjl eÍ (C) nks (D) ik∑p
(B) vuqPNsn–319 eÍ (C) tsusok eÍ (D) ubZ fnY¥h eÍ 62. vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; fd`lh eke¥s d`ks
(C) vuqPNsn–315 eÍ lkE;k (Ex aequo et bono) ds` vk|kj
55. la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k us D;wck d`h
(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ p;ukRed` ukd`kcanh (Selection bloc- ij d`c fu.hZr d`j ld`rk gS =
kade) d`c d`h ƒh = (A) ;fn U;k;k¥; vko';d` le>rk gS
45. Hkjr eÍ lE^Hq (Sovereign) d`kSu gS =
(A) vDVwcj] 1962 (B) ;fn U;k;k¥; d`k v÷;” ,slk
(A) Hkjr d`k jkÆV_ifr
pkgrk gS
(B) Hkjr d`k ^|kuea(h (B) fnlEcj] 1960
(C) ;fn egklHk U;k;k¥; ls fuosnu
(C) efU(ifj"nΩ (C) flrEcj] 1962
d`jrh gS
(D) ge Hkjr ds` ¥ksx (D) vDVwcj] 1963
(D) ;fn lEcfU|r i”d`kj blds` f¥,
46. lsu≠`kaflLd`ks eÍ 1945 eÍ la;qDr jkÆV_ 56. ,LV_kMk d`k fl*kUr fd`lls lEcfU|r gS`= lgefr nsrs gß
pkVZj ij fd`rus jkT;kÍ us gLrk”j fd`, (A) gLr”si (Intervention) 63. ;g er fd` vUrjkZÆV_h; fof|] fof| ugÓ
ƒs = (B) jkT; m®jkf|d`kj (State succes- gS] vfirq ‘lkƒZd` vUrjkZÆV_h; uSfrd`rk
(A) 41 (B) 15 sion) gS’] ƒk—
(C) 51 (D) 52 (C) ÔfÈ< (Custom) (A) vksisugkbe d`k (B) LVkdZ` d`k
47. vUrjkZÆV_h; U;k;k¥; d`h ^ƒe efg¥k (D) ekU;rk (Recognition) (C) gkW¥S≥M d`k (D) vkWfLVu d`k
U;k;k|hæ d`k uke gS — 57. ;»fi la;qDr jkÆV_ pkVZj eÍ lnL;rk d`ks 64. fuEuf¥f[r U;k;k|hækÍ eÍ ls d`kSu
(A) jkst¥hu fgfxUl okil ¥sus d`k d`ksbZ fofæÆV mica| ugÓ viÎ`R; (Tort) eÍ iw.Z nkf;Ro ds`
(B) jkstk bZ\ vksVeckbZok fd`;k x;k gS] fœ`j Hh fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fl*kUr ds` fod`kl d`k ^rhd` ekuk tkrk
(C) xsjV_;wM eksUxs¥k ,d` us viuh lnL;rk okil ¥s ¥h ƒh— gS`=
(D) lnkd`ks vksxkrk (A) Hkjr (A) C¥Sd`cuZ ts\
48. vUrjkZÆV_h; fof| ds` vk|kj d`ks LiÆV (B) bZjku (B) ¥kWMZ MSfuax ,e\ vkj\
d`jus ds` f¥, ‘iSDVklUV loZ≥Mk’ d`k (C) bjkd` (C) ¥kWMZ gSYlcjh
fl*kUr ^frikfnr fd`;k x;k ƒk— (D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (D) U;k;ewfrZ ih\ ,u\ Hxorh
(A) ds`Ylu }kjk (B) vksisugse }kjk 58. d`ƒu (A) : la;qDr jkÆV_ jkT;kÍ d`h la^Hq 65. ‘viÎ`R; eÍ jkT; ds` nkf;Ro’ ds` lUnHZ
(C) LVkdZ` }kjk (D) ,sUth¥ksVh }kjk lekurk ij vk|kfjr gS\ eÍ jkT; ds` ‘^Hqrk lEiUu d`k;ksÛ’ ,oa
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/766
 ‘v^Hqrk lEiUu d`k;ksÛ’ ds` e÷; d`ksbZ
foHsn ugÓ gS—fuEuf¥f[r okn eÍ d`gk
x;k gS—
(A) d`Lrwjh ¥k¥ cuke m\ ^\ jkT;
(B) ukxjkt jko ,≥M d`Eiuh cuke
vkU|z ^nsæ jkT;
(C) jktLƒku jkT; cuke fo»korh
(D) mi;qZDr lHh
66. viÎ`R; fof| ls lEcfU|r ‘d`cwrj [kus
d`k fl*kUr’ (Pigeon Hole Theory) d`ks
fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`lus ^frikfnr fd`;k
gS`=
(A) fouœ`hYM (B) v≥Mj fg¥
(C) lke≥M (D) Œ¥sfeax
67. ;ksxnk;h mis”k (Contributory negli-
gence) ls lEcfU|r fuEuf¥f[r fd`l
okn eÍ U;k;k¥; us loZ^ƒe ,d` fl*kUr
d`ks ¥kxw fd`;k ƒk vkSj ftls ‘vfUre
volj d`k fu;e’ ds` uke ls tkuk x;k`=
(A) cVjœ`hYM cuke œ`ksjsLVj
(B) Msohl cuke eku
(C) ,MfejYVh d`fe'ulZ cuke ,l\
,l\ okWY;wV
(D) fczfVæ d`ks¥fEc;k b¥sfDV_d` js¥os
cuke ¥ksæ
68. ,d` ekf¥d` lsod` }kjk d`kfjr fd`;s x;s
viÎ`R; ds` f¥, nk;h gksrk gS] tc
lsod` d`k;Z d`jrk gS—
(A) vius ekf¥d` ds` ¥kH ds` f¥,
(B) vius d`k;Z ds` ?≥VkÍ ds` le;
(C) fu;kstu ds` vuq∂`e eÍ
(D) oknh d`ks ”frd`kfjr d`jus gsrq
69. viÎ`R; mY¥a?u (Infringement) gS—
(A) O;fDrca|h vf|d`kj d`k
(B) loZca|h vf|d`kj d`k
(C) nksukÍ O;fDrca|h rƒk loZca|h
vf|d`kj d`k
(D) u rks O;fDrca|h vkSj u gh loZca|h
vf|d`kj d`k
70. ∏;fn d`k;Z fof|iw.Z ƒk] rc gsrq fd`ruk
Hh cqjk D;kÍ u gks] ^froknh d`ks og d`k;Z
d`jus d`k vf|d`kj ƒk\π ;g mfDr
fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ,d` okn eÍ U;k;k¥;
us O;Dr d`h ƒh—
(A) es;j vkWœ` czSMœ`MZ d`kWiksZjsæu cuke
fid`Yl
(B) ,s'ch cuke ÿkbV
(C) f∂`LVh cuke Msoh
(D) gkW¥hoqM flYoj œ`kWDl œ`kWeZ f¥\
cuke ,sesV
71. vksf¥;e xSl fjlko eke¥s ds` fo|k;h
ifj.keLoÔi Hkjrh; laln us ,d` fof|
d`ks vf|fu;fer fd`;k ƒk\ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ
ls og d`kSulk fo|ku ƒk =
(A) jkÆV_h; i;kZoj. vf|d`j. vf|-
fu;e
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/767
(B) ifjla d `V vifæÆV ·^ca | u ,oa
gƒk¥u‚ vf|fu;e
(C) ¥ksd` nkf;Ro chek vf|fu;e
(D) Hksik¥ xSl foHhf"d`k ·nkok-
d`k;Zokgh‚ vf|fu;e
72. ‘Lor# vuq;ksT;’ viÎ`R; os viÎ`R;
gß —
(A) ftueÍ oknh d`ks foæs" gkfu fl*
d`juh gksxh
(B) ftueÍ nkf;Ro fcuk vkæ; ;k mis”k
ds` mRiUu gksrk gS
(C) ftueÍ fd`lh ¥ksd` vf|d`kj d`k
vfr¥a?u gksrk gS] ftlls d`ksbZ fofæÆV
gkfu Hh gqbZ gS
(D) ftueÍ oknh okn ¥k ld`rk gS ;»fi
mls okLrfod` gkfu ugÓ mBkuh iÈMh gS
73. ‘nSohÎ`R;’ (Act of God) d`k viokn
fd`l fu;e ds` lkƒ tksÈMk x;k ƒk =
(A) d`Bksj nkf;Ro d`k fl*kUr
(B) iw.Z nkf;Ro d`k fl*kUr
(C) vaænku d`k fl*kUr
(D) la;qDr ”frd`rkZ
74. ekugkfu ds` viÎ`R; eÍ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls
d`kSulk cpko mfpr fVIi.h d`k vko';d`
rRo gS`=
1. ftl fo"; ij fVIi.h d`h tk jgh
gS] og ¥ksd`fgr d`k gksuk pkfg,\
2. ;g rF; d`k ,d` nkok gksuk pkfg,\
3. bleÍ fopkjkÍ d`h vfHO;fDr gksuh
pkfg,\
4. fVIi.h mfpr ·U;k;ksfpr‚ gksuh
pkfg,\
uhps fn, x;s dw`V eÍ ls lgh m®j
lads`frr d`hft, —
(A) 1, 2, 3 vkSj 4 (B) 1, 3 vkSj 4
(C) 1 vkSj 2 (D) 2 vkSj 3
75. viÎ`R; ds f¥, mfpr mipkj d`h
d`k;Zokgh gS—
(A) O;knsæ (Injunction)
(B) vfH;kstu (Prosecution)
(C) vifjfu|kZfjr uqd`lkuh
(D) lHh lgh gß
76. jktiƒ ds` fd`ukjs ij cPpkÍ d`k Ldw`¥ gS\
tc d`”k,a p¥ jgh gß] nks cPps jktiƒ
ij ?we jgs gß\ ,d` V_d` lkekU; xfr ls
jktiƒ ij p¥ jgk gS\ cPpkÍ d`ks VDd`j
ls cpkus eÍ V_d` cS¥xkÈMh ls Vd`jk tkrk
gS] ,d` O;fDr ?k;¥ gks tkrk gS] cS¥
ej tkrs gß vkSj V_d` d`ks Hh ”fr igq∑prh
gS\ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh mfDr
nkf;Ro d`ks lgh LoÔi eÍ vfHfu|kZfjr
d`jrh gS =
(A) Ldw`¥ ^æklu nkf;Rok|hu gS] D;kÍfd`
os mis”kiw.Z d`k;Z d`j jgs ƒs
(B) V_d` d`k pk¥d` nkf;Rok|hu ƒk]
D;kÍfd` mlus lrdZ`rk ls d`k;Z ugÓ fd`;k
(C) cS¥xkÈMh pk¥d` nkf;Rok|hu ƒk]
D;kÍfd` mlus mfpr lrdZ`rk ugÓ cjrh
(D) cPps nkf;Rok|hu gß] mUgkÍus nq?ZVuk
ls vaænku fn;k
77. viÎ`R; fof| eÍ d`Bksj nkf;Ro (Strict
liability) d`k vƒZ gS—
(A) nkf;Ro tks cgqr d`ÈMk gS
(B) fd`lh Hh [rjukd` d`k;Zd`¥ki ds`
f¥, nkf;Ro
(C) nkf;Ro ftls Lƒkfir d`jus gsrq
x¥rh fn[kuk vko';d` ugÓ gS
(D) lkewfgd` viÎ`R; ds` f¥, nkf;Ro
78. ;wlwiksœ` cuke ,e\ th\ ,e\ fiDplZ f¥\
fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ij vxzfu.Z;
(Leading case) gS =
(A) ekugkfu (Defamation)
(B) mis”k (Negligence)
(C) va æ nk;h mis ” k (Contributory
Negligence)
(D) d`Bksj nkf;Ro (Strict liability)
79. d`ƒu (A) : viÎ`R; nkf;Ro rƒk vki-
jkf|d` nkf;Ro dq`N ckrkÍ eÍ ,d` ls gß\
d`kj. (R) : D;kÍfd` nksukÍ gh ,sls d`rZO;
ij vk|kfjr gß] ftld`k fu|kZj. fof|
}kjk gksrk gS] vkSj tks lHh ds` ˜ij
leku Ôi ls ¥kxw gksrh gS\
dw`V #
(A) nksukÍ (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lgh gß]
ijUrq (R), (A) d`k lgh LiÆVhd`j.
ugÓ gS
(B) nksukÍ (A) rƒk (R) lgh gß] vkSj
(R), (A) d`k lgh LiÆVhd`j. gS
(C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS
(D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS
80. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh lhek LosPNk ls
mBk;h xbZ gkfu ds` fu;e ds` f¥, lgh
ugÓ gS =
(A) lgefr LorU( gksuh pkfg,
(B) vfof|d` d`k;ksÛ ds` f¥, nh xbZ
lgefr] lgefr ugÓ gS
(C) cpko ds` eke¥kÍ eÍ nh xbZ lgefr]
lgefr ugÓ gS
(D) [rjs d`h vR;f|d` tkud`kjh [rjs
d`k iwokZuqeku ugÓ gS
81. ‘v’ efg¥k egkfo»k¥; ds` xsV ds` ikl
[ÈMk gksd`j v'¥h¥ xkus xkrk gS\ mlus
d`kSulk vijk| fd`;k gS=
(A) ge¥k (Assault)
(B) L(h d`h ¥Ttk Hax d`juk
(C) vkijkf|d` vfH(kl (Criminal
intimidation)
(D) v'¥h¥ d`k;Z (Obcenity)
82. vkijkf|d` nkf;Ro d`k ;g fl*kUr fd`
— ∏ds`o¥ Î`R; gh nks"iw.Z ugÓ] vfirq
eu#fLƒfr Hh nks"iw.Z gksuh pkfg,\π
fod`flr fd`;k ƒk —
 (A) lkE; U;k;k¥; }kjk
(B) lkekU; U;k;k¥; (Common Law
Courts) }kjk
(C) LVkj psEcj U;k;k¥; }kjk
(D) D;wfj;k jsftl }kjk
83. xksjkpan xksih cuke vkj vxz.h fu.Z;
gS—
(A) ikx¥iu (Insanity) ij
(B) lkekU; vkæ; (Common inten-
tion) ij
(C) lkekU; mˆs'; (Common object)
ij
(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
84. ifr }kjk iRuh d`h bPNk ds` fo:* fd`;s
x;s lEHksx d`ks c¥kRd`kj (Rape) d`k
vijk| gksus ds` f¥, iRuh d`h vk;q gksuh
pkfg, —
(A) 17 o"Z ls d`e (B) 15 o"Z ls d`e
(C) 16 o"Z ls d`e (D) 18 o"Z ls d`e
85. d`ƒu ( A ) : mR^sj. ds` vijk| d`ks
Lƒkfir d`jus ds` f¥, ;g vko';d` ugÓ
gS fd` mR^sfjr vijk| fd`;k tk,\
d`kj. (R) : D;kÍfd` vijk| d`k mR^sj.
Lo;a eÍ ,d` vijk| gS\
dw`V #
(A) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS
(B) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS
(C) nksukÍ (A) rƒk (R) lgh gß] vkSj
(R), (A) d`k lgh LiÆVhd`j. gS
(D) nksukÍ (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lgh gß]
ijUrq (R), (A) d`k lgh LiÆVhd`j.
ugÓ gS
86. ‘X’ rƒk ‘Y’ eÍ ‘Z’ ds` ed`ku eÍ pksjh
d`jus d`h lgefr gqbZ] ¥sfd`u okLro eÍ
pksjh ugÓ d`h x;h\ os ¥ksx nks"h gß—
(A) fd`lh vijk| (Offence) ds` f¥;s
ugÓ
(B) "MΩ;U( ds` }kjk nqÆ^sj. ds` f¥,
(C) md`lkus }kjk nqÆ^sj. ds` f¥,
(D) vkijkf|d` "MΩ;U( (Criminal
conspiracy) ds` f¥,
87. lwph–I d`ks lwph–II ds` lkƒ lqesf¥r
d`hft, rƒk lwfp;kÍ ds` uhps fn, x, dw`V
d`h lgk;rk ls lgh m®j pqfu, —
lwph–I
(a) ^frj”k ds` Ôi eÍ fp® foÎ`fr
(b) lkekU; vkæ;
(c) vko';d`rk
(d) Hw¥-^frj”k ds` Ôi eÍ
lwph–II
1. lezkVΩ cuke cjsUnz dq`ekj ?ks"
2. vkj\ cuke eSd`ukVu
3. Hkoksthokth cuke eq¥th n;k¥
4. vkj\ cuke MwM¥s ,oa LVhœ`u
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/768
dw`V #
(a) (b) (c) d)
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 2 1 4 3
(C) 3 2 4 1
(D) 4 3 1 2
88. ‘B’ d`ks ‘Z’ d`k ?j t¥kus ds` f¥, ‘A’
md`lkrk gS\ ‘B’ ml ?j d`ks vkx ¥xk
nsrk gS vkSj mlh le; ogk∑ ls lEif®
d`h pksjh Hh d`jrk gS\ bl eke¥s eÍ—
(A) ‘A’ ?j eÍ vkx ¥xkd`j pksjh d`jus
d`k nks"h gS
(B) ‘A’ ;»fi ?j t¥kus eÍ nqÆ^sj.
d`k nks"h gS] ijUrq pksjh ds` nqÆ^sj. d`k
nks"h ugÓ gS
(C) ‘A’ ?j t¥kus vkSj pksjh d`jus
nksukÍ vijk| ds` nqÆ^sj. d`k nks"h gS\
(D) ‘A’ u rks ?j t¥kus vkSj u pksjh
ds` nqÆ^sj. d`k nks"h gS
89. dq`N ;q* la¥Xu vkrad`oknh ,d` O;fDr
ds` ed`ku eÍ fNis gq, gß\ ;q* la¥Xu
vkrad`oknh ed`ku ls iqf¥l ds` ˜ij
œ`k;fjax d`jds` vk∂`e. d`j jgs gß\ iqf¥l
us viuh lqj”k eÍ ed`ku d`h vksj xks¥h
p¥kbZ] ftlls ed`ku ds` ,d` funksZ"
O;fDr d`ks xks¥h ¥x xbZ vkSj mld`h
e~R;q gks xbZ\ iqf¥l ds` ¥ksx nks"h gß—
(A) fd`lh vijk| ds` f¥, ugÓ] D;kÍfd`
os O;fDrxr ^frj”k ds` vf|d`kj d`k
nkok d`j ld`rs gß
(B) lnks" ekuoo|
(C) gR;k (Murder)
(D) mis”k vƒok rhoz d`k;Z ls e~R;q ds`
f¥,
90. A vkSj B ,d` uko ij tk jgs ƒs\
vpkud` uko Mwcus ¥xh\ A us B d`ks
<ds`¥ fn;k vkSj viuh tku cpk ¥h\ B
Mwc x;k—
(A) A us B d`ks <ds`¥us eÍ lgh fd`;k
D;kÍfd` ;g vko';d`rk d`k d`k;Z ƒk
(B) futh lqj”k ds` vfrfjDr fd`lh Hh
vko';d`rk eÍ fd`lh d`h tku ¥suk
U;k;ksfpr ugÓ gS
(C) A d`k d`k;Z ck÷;rk ds` vUrxZr
fd`;k x;k
(D) mi;qZDr lHh x¥r gß
91. ‘fM fefuel ukWu D;wjsV ¥sDl’ ·fof|
rqPN ckrkÍ ij ÷;ku ugÓ nsrh‚ fl*kUr
ij lkekU; viokn gS— 98. ,d` efg¥k ds` llqj ,oa lkl mlds`
(A) rqPN vigkfu (Triviallity)
(B) nq?ZVuk (Accident)
(C) lEefr (Consent)
(D) vkRej”k (Self-defence)
92. loksZPp U;k;k¥; d`k fu.Z; jkT; cuke 99. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l vijk| ds` fo:*
es;j gkUl tktZ ,\ vkbZ\ vkj\ 1965
,l\ lh\ 722 tkuk tkrk gS—
(A) lkekftd`-vkfƒZ d ` vijk|kÍ d`h
fof|;kÍ d`h d`Bksj O;k“;k ds` f¥,
(B) fLƒfr;k∑ ftueÍ vkijkf|d` eu#-
fLƒfr ·nqjkæ;‚ d`k lkads`frd` otZu
fd`;k tk ld`rk gS
(C) vkijkf|d` eu#fLƒfr d`k otZu u
d`juk tc rd` fof| lkœ æCnkÍ eÍ ,slk
u pkgs
(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
93. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l okn eÍ mPpre
U;k;k¥; us vfHfu|kZfjr fd`;k gS fd`
iRuh ls fujUrj ngst d`h ek∑x d`juk
mlds` ^fr ∂w`jrk gS =
(A) gœ`htqfUulk cuke eksgEen ;klhu
[k∑
(B) eksgEen vgen [k∑ cuke ækg ckuks
(C) vuqjk|k cuke MkW\ Jhd`kUr
(D) fu>kou cuke fu>kou
94. ∏^R;sd` lafof| eÍ nqjkæ; vUrfuZfgr
ekuk tkrk gS tc rd` fd` blds` ^frdw`¥
fl* ugÓ d`j fn;k tkrk gS\π ;g er
fuEu okn eÍ O;Dr fd`;k x;k ƒk —
(A) gkfMÛx cuke ^kbl
(B) vkj\ cuke MwM¥s
(C) æsjkt cuke Ms :VΩtsu
(D) vkj\ cuke f¥ieSu
95. ‘A’, ‘B’ d`ks ‘C’ d`h gR;k d`jus ds` f¥,
md`lkrk gS\ ‘B’ ,slk d`jus ls euk d`j
nsrk gS\ bl eke¥s eÍ ‘A’ nkf;Rok|hu
gS —
(A) fd`lh Hh vijk| d`k nks"h ugÓ gS
(B) ‘B’ d`ks gR;k d`jus ds ` f¥,
md`lkus d`k nks"h gS
(C) gR;k d`k nks"h gS
(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
96. lkekU; mˆs'; d`ks vxzlj d`jus ds` f¥,
d`e-ls-d`e O;fDr;kÍ d`h la“;k D;k gS =
(A) 2 ;k 2 ls vf|d`
(B) 4 O;fDr
(C) 5 ;k 5 ls vf|d`
(D) O;fDr;kÍ d`h la“;k fuf'pr ugÓ gS
97. ‘A’ d`Hh-d`Hh ‘C’ d`h iRuh ds` lkƒ
fcuk ‘C’ d`h lgefr ls lEHksx d`jrk
gS\ Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk d`h fd`l |kjk eÍ
‘C’ mipkj ^kIr d`j ld`rk gS =
(A) 494 (B) 495
(C) 496 (D) 497
fo:* ngst gsrq ∂w`jrk d`jrs gß\ os
fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk
d`h fd`l |kjk ds` vUrxZr nks"h gkÍxs =
(A) |kjk 323 (B) |kjk 350
(C) |kjk 349 (D) |kjk 498 A
æjhj d`h futh ^frj”k d`k vf|d`kj
e~R;qd`kfjr d`jus rd` foLr~r ugÓ gS`=
 (A) c¥kRlax (Rape)
(B) ^Î`fr fo:* d`ker~Æ.k d`h r~fIr
(C) xHZikr d`kfjr d`juk (Causing
Miscarriage)
(D) O;igj. (Kidnapping)
100. Hkjrh; n≥M lafgrk ds` ^ko|ku fuEu-
f¥f[r frfƒ ls ^o~® gq,—
(A) 30 uoEcj] 1861
(B) 1 tuojh] 1862
(C) 1 tq¥kbZ] 1862
(D) 31 fnlEcj] 1862
101. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk d`iV (Fraud)
d`k vko';d` rRo ugÓ gS`=
(A) ;g nwljs i”d`kj d`ks |ks[k nsus ds`
vkæ; ls fd`;k tkuk pkfg,
(B) feF;k d`ƒu d`jus ok¥k O;fDr
tkurk gS fd` d`ƒu feF;k gS
(C) ;g lafonk ds` ,d` i”d`kj }kjk gh
fd`;k tkuk pkfg,
(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
102. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk okn lafonk
(Frustration) uSjk'; ls lEcfU|r gS =
(A) d`kjf¥¥ cuke d`kjcksf¥d` Leksd`
ck¥ d`Eiuh
(B) gsM¥s cuke cSDlUMs¥
(C) Msjh cuke ihd`
(D) jktk |zqonso pUnz cuke gjeksfgUnj
flag ,oa vU;
103. ‘B’ ds` f¥, ‘A’ ,d` jaxfp( cukus d`k
opu nsrk gS\ rRi'pkrΩ ‘B’, ‘A’ d`ks
jaxfp( cukus ls euk d`j nsrk gS\ ‘A’
ml opu ds` ik¥u ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[r
fd`l |kjk ds` vUrxZr vkc* ugÓ gS =
(A) |kjk–63 (B) |kjk–62
(C) |kjk–64 (D) |kjk–65
104. d`ƒu (A) : lafonk d`k ,d` i”d`kj ds`
vuqik¥u ds` i”d`kj ds` Ôi eÍ bl
vk|kj ij vius d`ks mUeqDr d`jk ld`rk
gS fd` mlds` ikl Hqxrku d`jus ds` f¥,
d`ksbZ |u vƒok lEif® ugÓ gS\
d`kj. (R) : vlEHo d`k;Z d`ks fd`;s tkus
d`k d`jkj vius vki eÍ æwU; gS vkSj
nksukÍ i”d`kj HfoÆ; ds` vuqik¥u d`ks
fuÆikfnr d`jus ls mUeqDr gß\
uhps fn, x, dw`V eÍ ls lgh m®j
lads`frr d`hft, —
dw`V #
(A) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß rƒk
(R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS
(B) (A) rƒk (R) nksukÍ lgh gß] ijUrq
(R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k ugÓ gS
(C) (A) lgh gS] ijUrq (R) x¥r gS
(D) (A) x¥r gS] ijUrq (R) lgh gS
105. ‘A’ d`ks Kkr gS fd` mlds` ?ksÈMs ds` [qj
”frxzLr gß] mlus bld`ks ,sls Hj fn;k
fd` [jkch ek¥we ugÓ gks ld`rh gS vkSj
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/769
bld`ks ‘B’ d`ks csp fn;k\ ;g [jkch ckn (B) æw U ;d`j.h; la f onk (Voidable
eÍ ‘B’ d`ks irk p¥ x;h\ ‘A’ d`k d`k;Z contract) gS
gksxk— (C) æwU; lafonk (Void contract) gS
(A) vlR; lq>ko (A false sugges- (D) voS| d`jkj (Illegal agreement)
tion) gS
(B) okLrfod` rF;kÍ d`ks lf∂`;rk ls 110. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk d`ƒu lgh
fNikuk
ugÓ gS =
(C) nqO;Zinsæu (Misrepresentation)
(A) voS| vuqca| laikf'Zod` laO;ogkj
(D) Hw¥ (Mistake) d`ks ^Hkfor d`jrk gS
106. lwph–I d`ks lwph–II ds` lkƒ lqesf¥r (B) ^frœ`¥ jfgr vuqca| æwU; gS
d`hft, rƒk lwfp;kÍ ds` uhps fn, x;s (C) ^frœ`¥ ds`o¥ ^frKkx~ghrk }kjk gh
dw`V d`h lgk;rk ls lgh m®j pqfu,— fn;k tkuk pkfg,
lwph–I (D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(a) jkelxs V foDVks f j;k gks V ¥ da ` \
111. ∏,d` O;fDr d`ks fd`lh nwljs O;fDr d`h
cuke ekÍfVfœ`;ksj d`her ij vU;k;iw.Z |uh ugÓ gksus fn;k
(b) fVUu cuke gksœ`esUu tk,xk\π ;g fl*kUr d`gk tkrk gS—
(c) gk˜l gksYM œ`k;j bU';ksjsUl da`\ (A) ^frœ`¥ jfgr d`jkj (Nudum
cuke xzk≥V pactum)
(d) fœ`p cuke LusMd`j (B) lafonk d`Yi (Quasi-Contract)
lwph–II (C) ftruk d`ke mruk nke (Quantum
1. LohÎ`fr rc iw.Z gks tkrh gS tc Merit)
LohÎ`fr d`k i( Mkd` eÍ Mk¥ fn;k (D) ew Y ;kuq l kj d`her (Quantum-
tkrk gS\ Valebat)
2. ^fr ^Lrko ls lafonk ugÓ curh gS\
112. A, B vkSj C N¥-d`iV }kjk ^kIr fd`;s
3. ^Lrko d`k lapkj d`k vfHR;tu tkus ok¥s ¥kHkÍ d`ks vkil eÍ c∑Vokjs ds`
ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk gS\ f¥, ,d` d`jkj d`jrs gß—
4. ^Lrko d`h LohÎ`fr eÍ v;qfDr;qDr (A) d`jkj æwU; gS
fo¥Ec bld`ks lekIr d`jus d`k
(B) d`jkj oS| gS
d`kj. gksrk gS\
(C) d`jkj æwU;d`j.h; gS
dw`V #
(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(a) (b) (c) (d)
113. ‘A’, ‘B’ d`k )`.h gS] fd`Urq og )`.
(A) 1 2 3 4
ifjlhek vf|fu;e }kjk ckf|r gS\ ‘A’
(B) 4 2 1 3
ml )`. ds` f¥, ‘B’ d`ks nl gtkj
(C) 3 4 2 1 :i;s nsus d`k f¥f[r opu gLrk”fjr
(D) 2 3 1 4 d`jrk gS\ ;g d`jkj—
107. A, B d`ks ;g opu nsrk gS fd` og C d`ks (A) oS| (Valid) gS
10,000:\ d`k Hqxrku d`jsxk\ A, C d`ks (B) æwU; (Void) gS
;g |ujkfæ ugÓ nsrk gS\ A d`ks Hqxrku (C) æwU;d`j.h; (Voidable) gS
d`jus ds` f¥, ck÷; fd`;k tk ld`rk (D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
gS —
(A) ds`o¥ B ds` }kjk 114. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu foÎ`r fp®
(Unsound mind) ugÓ gS =
(B) ds`o¥ C ds` }kjk
(A) ikx¥ (Insane)
(C) B vkSj C ds` }kjk ,d` lkƒ
(B) eancqf* (Idiot)
(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(C) æjkc ds` uæs eÍ |qr O;fDr
108. O;kikj vojks|kƒZ d`jkj æwU; gS] ;fn (Drunkard)
buds` }kjk ¥xk;k tkrk gS— (D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(A) iw.Z ^frca|
115. nqd`ku d`h v¥ekjh ·æks ds`l‚ eÍ d`her
(B) viw.Z ^frca| d`h iphZ ¥xkd`j ek¥ ^nfæZr d`jus d`k
(C) nksukÍ (A) vkSj (B) lgh gß vƒZ gS—
(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (A) ^Lƒkiuk (Offer) d`juk
(B) ^Lƒkiuk d`k ^frxzg. (Accep-
109. A, B d`ks tks ,d` U;k;k|hæ gS] okn d`ks
vius i” eÍ fu.Z; nsus ds` f¥, ipkl tance for offer)
gtkj :i;s nsus d`k opu nsrk gS\ ;g (C) ^Lƒkiuk ds` f¥, vkeU(. (Invi-
,d`— tation to offer)
(A) oS| lafonk (Valid contract) gS (D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
116. ^Hkoh rF; d`h Hw¥ ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[r
eÍ ls d`kSulk visf”r gS =
(A) Hw¥ nksukÍ i”d`kjkÍ d`h gksuh pkfg,
(B) rF; vuqca| ds` f¥, vko';d` gksuk
pkfg,
(C) Hw¥ fo»eku rF; d`h gksuh pkfg,
(D) mi;qZDr lHh
117. ,d` vo;Ld` 20,000 ds` d`tZ ds` f¥,
tks vius fæ”k ds` f¥, f¥;k ƒk]
lkgwd`kj ·¥sunkj‚ ds` i” eÍ viuk ?j
cU|d` fd`;k\ lkgwd`kj us lank; d`h ek∑x
d`h ftls vo;Ld` us lank; d`jus ls euk
d`j fn;k\ lgh fof|d` fLƒfr d`ks bafxr
d`hft,—
(A) ,d` vo;Ld` )`. Hqxrku ds` f¥,
vkc* ugÓ gS] D;kÍfd` lafonk æwU; gS
(B) lkgwd`kj )`. d`h olw¥h vo;Ld`
d`h lEink ls d`j ld`rk gS
(C) vo;Ld` )`. d`k Hqxrku d`jus ds`
f¥, O;fDrxr Ôi ls vkc* gS
(D) vo;Ld` cU|d` ls vkc* gksxk u
fd` )`. ls
118. tcfd` fd`lh d`jkj ds` f¥, lEefr]
^ihÈMu vlE;d` vlj] d`iV ;k feF;k
O;insæu ls d`kfjr gks rc og d`jkj
,slh lafonk gS] tks ml i”d`kj ds` fod`Yi
ij æwU;d`j.h; gS] ftld`h lEefr ,sls
d`kfjr gqbZ ƒh\ fuEuf¥f[r ls fd`l |kjk
ds` vUrxZr gS`=
(A) |kjk 19
(B) |kjk 19 d`
(C) |kjk 19 vkSj 19 d`
(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ |kjk ugÓ
119. ∏¥ksd`uhfr ,d` fcxÈMS¥ ?ksÈMk (Unruly
horse) gS] vkSj tc d`ksbZ bl ij pÈ<rk
gS rks ;g d`gk∑ ¥s tk,xk bls d`ksbZ ugÓ
tkurk\π ;g d`ƒu fuEuf¥f[r fd`l
okn ls lEcfU|r gS =
(A) ?s:¥k¥ cuke egknsonkl
(B) fjpMΩZlu cuke esf¥æ
(C) œs`UMj cuke tkWu feYMe;s
(D) ,xZVu cuke czk˜u¥ks
120. ‘A’ d`bZ ^d`kj ds` rs¥kÍ d`k O;kikj d`jrk
gS\ ‘B’ d`ks ‘A’ ,d` lkS Vu rs¥ cspus d`k
d`jkj d`jrk gS\ d`jkj æwU; gS] D;kÍfd`—
(A) ;g vfuf'pr gS
(B) ^frœ`¥ jfgr gS
(C) LorU( lEefr ugÓ gS
(D) mi;qZDr eÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

m®j O;k“;k lfgr

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/770
 vkj\ ,\ ,l\/vkj\ Vh\ ,l\ ·^kjfEHd`‚ ijh{kk] 7-1-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i( (C) (1), (2) vkSj (4)
(D) (1), (3) vkSj (4)
10. leku mˆs'; vkSj fo|s; ok¥s nks
næZuækL( fu:ikf|d` rdZ`okD;] tks xq. vkSj
ifjek. nksukÍ eÍ fHUu gß] ds` e÷;
fojks| d`g¥krk gS—
1. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulk fod`Yi lgh 6. ‘I’ rdZ`okD; d`k ^frifjofrZr (Con- (A) foijhr (Contrary)
gS= trapositive) gS— (B) fo:* (Subcontrary)
(A) rdZ`okD; ;k rks lR; gksrs gß ;k (A) A (C) miJ;. (Subalternation)
vlR; gksrs gß (B) E (D) O;k?kr (Contradiction)
(B) rdZ`okD; (Propositions) lnSo (C) d`ksbZ Hh oS| ^frifjofrZr ugÓ 11.
lR; gh gksrs gß (D) O p q
(C) lHh ^d`kj ds` okD; rdZ`okD; 7. EIO–2 T T T
gksrs gß
mi;qZDr U;k;;qfDr-vkd`kj eÍ d`kSulk T F T
(D) lHh ^d`kj ds` okD; ;k rks lR; rdZ`nks" gS= F T T
gksrs gß ;k vlR; gksrs gß
(A) oS|-d`ksbZ rdZ` nks" ugÓ F F F
2. ‘d`ksbZ Hh d`ƒu ;k rks lR; gksrk gS (B) vfu;fer veq“; in nks"
;k vlR; gksrk gS’\ mi;qZDr lR;rkf¥d`k fuEukafd`r eÍ ls
(C) fu"s|kRed` vk|kjokD; nks" fd`ld`k lR;œ`¥u gS=
mi;qZDr d`ƒu gS— (D) l®kRed` nks"
(A) fo|k;d` mH;r# ikæ (A) fod`Yi (Disjunction)
(B) rknkRE; (Identify) d`k fu;e 8. fuEukad`r js[kfp(kÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk ‘A’ (B) la;kstu (Conjunction)
(C) e÷; ifjgkj fu;e fu:ikf|d` rdZ ` okD; d`ks ^Lrq r (C) vkiknu (Implication)
(D) O;k?kr (Contradiction) d`k d`jrk gS= (D) fu"s| (Negation)
fu;e S P
(A) 12. la;kstu fuEuf¥f[r lajpuk eÍ ls
3. ikjEifjd` fojks| oxZ ds` vuqlkj tc X fd`leÍ lR; gksrk gS=
leku mˆs'; vkSj fo|s; ok¥s nks (A) F – F (B) T – T
rdZ`okD; ,d` lkƒ lR; ugÓ gks S P (C) T – F (D) F – T
ld`rs ;»fi os vlR; gks ld`rs gß] (B)
rks os d`g¥krs gß— 13. p ⊃ q
(A) O;k?krh (Contradictory) ∴ p ⊃ (p · q)
(B) mikJ;. (Sub-alternation) S P
mi;qZDr n~ÆVkUr gS—
(C) fo:* (Sub-contrary) (C) (A) iwoZorΩ vuqeku (Modus
(D) foijhr (Contrary) Ponens) d`k
(B) lj¥hd`j. (Simplification)
4. lHh jktusrk vlR;Hk"h (Liars) gß\
S P d`k
d`ksbZ Hh lUr vlR;Hk"h ugÓ gS\
(D) (C) lefo¥;u (Absorption) d`k
∴ dq`N lUr jktusrk ugÓ gß\ X (D) la;kstu (Conjunction) d`k
fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk fod`Yi
mi;qZDr fujis” U;k;okD; (Cate- 14. ;fn A vkSj B lR; gß rƒk X vkSj
gorical Syllogism) ds` f¥, lgh 9. fd`lh oS| osu js[kfp( eÍ # Y vlR; gß rks fuEuf¥f[r la;qDr
gS— (1) ge rhu xks¥kd`kjkÍ d`ks ijLij d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk vlR; gS=
(A) vO;kIr e÷;e in nks" d`kVrs gq, fpf(r d`jrs gß (A) (X ⊃ (X ⊃ Y)
(B) l®kRed` nks" (Fallacy) (2) ge ds`o¥ vk|kjokD;kÍ d`ks gh (B) (X ⊃ Y) ⊃ (~ X ⊃ ~ Y)
(C) U;k;;qfDr oS| gS fpf(r d`jrs gß (C) (A ⊃ X) ⊃ Y
(D) fu"s|kRed` vk|kjokD; nks" (3) ge lnSo eq“; vk|kjokD; d`ks (D) A ⊃ (B ⊃ Y)
P–M ig¥s fpf(r d`jrs gß
15. p ∨ q
M–S (4) ge lnSo loZO;kih vk|kjokD;
5. ;g n~ÆVkUr gS— d`ks ig¥s fpf(r d`jrs gß ~p
S–P
uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq, ∴q
(A) ^ƒe vkÎ`fr d`k
(B) f}rh; vkÎ`fr d`k lgh m®j pqfu,% mi;qZDr ;qfDr vkd`kj n~ÆVkUr gS—
(C) r~rh; vkÎ`fr d`k (A) (1) vkSj (3) (A) oSd`fYid` U;k;;qfDr d`k
(D) prqƒZ vkÎ`fr d`k (B) (1), (2) vkSj (3) (B) gsrqgsrqenΩ U;k;;qfDr d`k

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/772

 (C) fu:ikf|d` U;k;;qfDr d`k 22. ‘iq:"kƒZ prqÆVΩ;’ ds` vuqlkj eks” uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj lgh
(D) vkxeukRed` ;qfDr d`k d`k rkRi;Z gS— m®j pqfu,\
(A) nq#[kÍ d`k vkR;fUrd` ukæ dw`V #
16. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk œ`¥okD;
fo|ku nks" gS= (B) bZ'oj-lk”kRd`kj (A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk
(C) LoxZ d`h ^kfIr (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS\
(A) p⊃q
(D) lq[ d`h ^kfIr (B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß]
p
∴ q 23. ‘)`.’ d`h vo|kj.k d`k lEcU| gS— ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k
ugÓ gS\
(B) p⊃q (A) cz©p;kZJe ls
(C) (A) lR; gS] ijUrq (R) vlR; gS
p (B) x~gLƒkJe ls
(D) (A) vlR; gS] ijUrq (R) lR; gS
∴ q (C) oku^LƒkJe ls
30. xhrk eÍ fuf"* d`eZ d`ks d`gk x;k
(C) p⊃q (D) laU;klkJe ls
gS—
q 24. lUrkuksRif® d`rZO; d`k lEcU| gS— (A) fod`eZ (B) vd`eZ
∴ p (A) nso)`. ls (B) Hwr)`. ls (C) d`eZ (D) fuÆd`ke d`eZ
(D) p⊃q (C) fir~ )`. ls (D) )`f" )`. ls 31. d`ƒu (A) : Î`Æ. xhrk eÍ d`grs gß]
~ q
25. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ds`o¥ fuo~f®- ‘d`®ZO; d`eZ d`jks« œ`¥ d`h bPNk er
∴ p ekxZ eÍ fo'okl ugÓ d`jrk= d`jks\’
17. ~ (p · q) ≡ (~ p V ~ q) (A) lka“; (B) Î`Æ. d`kj. (R) : d`eZ-œ`¥ d`rkZ ds` v|hu
mi;qZDr d`ƒu mnkgj. gS — (C) egkohj (D) cq* ugÓ gS\
(A) la;kstu (Conjunction) d`k fuEukafd`r dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,
26. v|ksf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu lalkj d`ks lgh m®j pqfu,\
(B) ;ksx (Addition) d`k feF;k ekurk gS= dw`V #
(C) iqudZ`ƒu (Tautology) d`k (A) ækad`j osnkUr
(A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk
(D) O;k?kr (Contradiction) d`k (B) tSu næZu (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS\
18. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ‘O’ rdZ`- (C) oSÆ.o osnkUr
(B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß]
okD; gS= (D) lka“;-;ksx ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k
(A) (∃X) (φ X ~ ψ X) 27. d`ƒu (A) : xhrk ds` vuqlkj O;fDr ugÓ gS\
(B) (X) (φ X ⊃ ψ X) d`ks lnSo lR; cks¥uk pkfg,\ (C) (A) lR; gS] ijUrq (R) vlR; gS
(C) (X) (φ X ⊃ ~ ψ X) d`kj. (R) : lR;-Hk". leLr (D) (A) vlR; gS] ijUrq (R) lR; gS
(D) (∃X) (φ X · ψ X) euqÆ;kÍ d`k Lo|eZ gS\
32. fLƒr^K og gS ftld`h cqf* ,d`kxz
19. (X) (φ X ⊃ ~ ∪ X) vkSj (∃X) (φ uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj lgh gS—
X ~ ψ X) m®j pqfu,\ (1) bZ'oj eÍ
ikjLifjd` fojks| oxZ ds` vuqlkj dw`V # (2) fo";kÍ eÍ
mi;qZDr ^rhd`kRed` vfHO;fDr;kÍ eÍ (A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk (3) vkRe fgr eÍ
fojks| gS— (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS\ (4) vkRe larqfÆV eÍ
(A) foijhr (B) fo:* (B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß] uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj lgh
(C) mikJ;. (D) O;k?kr ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k m®j pqfu,\
20. p · q ugÓ gS\ dw`V #
∴p (C) (A) lR; gS] ijUrq (R) vlR; (A) (1) vkSj (2)
mi;qZDr gS— gS\ (B) (1), (3) vkSj (4)
(A) la;kstu (D) (A) vlR; gS] ijUrq (R) lR; (C) (1) vkSj (4)
gS\ (D) (3) vkSj (4)
(B) iwoZorΩ vuqeku
(C) ;ksx 28. xhrk ds` vuqlkj vik( (Undeserv- 33. bZ'oj d`ks og HDr loZf^; gS] tks—
(D) lj¥hd`j. ing person) d`ks nku nsuk gS— (A) vkrZ gS (B) Kkuh gS
(A) jktfld` (B) rkefld` (C) ftKklq gS (D) vƒkZƒhZ gS
21. ‘f(oxZ’ ds` vuqlkj gekjs lsou d`k
lk÷; gS— (C) lkfRod` (D) vuSfrd` 34. tSu næZu eÍ crk, x, f(jRu gß—
(A) |eZ 29. d`ƒu (A) : xhrk ds` vuqlkj Kku gh (A) æh¥-lekf|-^Kk
(B) vƒZ ,d` ek( eks”-ekxZ gS\ (B) v¯glk-vusd`kUr-vifjxzg
(C) |ekZfJr d`ke d`kj. (R) : Kku vkRek ds` okLrfod` (C) vklzo-lEoj-futZjk
(D) d`ke ek( LoÔi d`ks ^d`kfær d`jrk gS\ (D) næZu-Kku-pkfj(

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/773

35. ckS*kÍ d`k f}rh; vk;ZlR; d`g¥krk dw`V # mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSuls ewY;ijd`
gS— (a) (b) (c) (d) d`ƒu gß=
(1) |eZp∂` (2) }knæfunku (A) 2 4 1 3 (A) (1), (3) vkSj (4)
(3) nq#[ fujks| (4) vukReokn (B) 4 3 2 1 (B) (2), (3) vkSj (4)
uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq, (C) 2 4 3 1 (C) (2) vkSj (3)
lgh m®j pqfu,\ (D) 3 1 4 2 (D) (1), (2), (3) vkSj (4)
dw`V #
42. xhrk ds` vuqlkj fuEukafd`r d`ƒukÍ ij 47. fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk
(A) (1) vkSj (2)
fopkj d`hft,— uSfrd` (Moral) d`ƒu gS=
(B) (1) vkSj (3)
(1) d`rkZiu ds` vfHeku ls jfgr (A) dq`N jktusrk bZekunkj gß
(C) (3) vkSj (4)
fd`;k x;k d`eZ vd`eZ gS (B) vf|la“; ¥ksx d`grs gß fd`
(D) (2) vkSj (4)
(2) d`eZ HfDr eÍ ck|d` gS csbZekuh mfpr ugÓ gS
36. ckS*kÍ d`k iapæh¥ leosr gS— (3) HfDr ;ksx gh ,d`ek( eks” ekxZ (C) bZekunkjh nh?Zd`kf¥d` ¥kH^n gS
(A) lekf| eÍ (B) nq#[ leqn; eÍ gS (D) csbZekuh vokaNuh; (Undesir-
(C) æh¥ eÍ (D) ^Kk eÍ (4) fuf"* d`eZ fod`eZ gS able) gS
37. lE;xΩ n~fÆV vax gS— uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq, 48. og d`eZ tks fu;ekuqdw`¥ gksrk gS]
(A) f(jRu d`k lgh m®j pqfu,\ d`g¥krk gS—
(B) vÆVkax-ekxZ d`k dw`V # (A) lR; (True)
(C) vÆVkax ;ksx d`k (A) (1) vkSj (4) (B) oS|kfud` (Legal)
(D) |eZp∂` d`k (B) (1) vkSj (3) (C) mfpr (Right)
38. ^rhR;leqRikn d`h fuEukafd`r pkj (C) (2) vkSj (4) (D) ^ƒk (Ritual)
d`fÈM;kÍ ij fopkj d`hft, — (D) (2) vkSj (3)
49. uSfrd` d`rZO; d`k vk|kj gS —
(1) LiæZ (2) osnuk 43. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk vuqi;qDr
(3) r~Æ.k (4) "Mk;ru (A) leLr ck÷;rkvkÍ ls LorU(rk
;qXe gS=
uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj mi;qZDr (B) vkUrfjd` ck÷;rk (Compul-
(A) Lo|eZ—o.Z|eZ
d`fÈM;kÍ d`k lgh ∂`e pqfu,\ sion)
(B) vgZrΩ—ckS* næZu
dw`V # (C) vk÷;kfRed` (Spiritual) ck÷;rk
(C) ds`o¥h— og O;fDr ftls fd`lh
(A) 3–4–1–2 (B) 1–3–2–4 (D) oS|kfud` (Legal) ck÷;rk
oLrq d`k ds`o¥ vkafæd` Kku gks
(C) 4–3–2–1 (D) 4–1–2–3 50. euksoSKkfud` lq[okn ds` vuqlkj
(D) fLƒr^K—leRo ;ksx
39. tSu næZu ds` vuqlkj ds`o¥h og 44. ^kjfEHd` oSfnd` fopkj|kjk ds` ew¥Hwr fopkj d`hft, #
gS— d`ƒu (A) # lq[ thou d`k loksZPp
lE^R;; ij fopkj d`hft,— ¥{; gS\
(A) tks loZK (Omniscient) gS
(1) )`r (2) nku
(B) ftls oLrqvkÍ d`ks ds`o¥ lkis” d`kj. (B) # ^R;sd` O;fDr lq[ d`h
(3) ri (4) ;K d`keuk d`jrk gS\
Kku gS
(C) tks ds`o¥ ,d`kUroklh (Soli- uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj lgh fuEukafd`r dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,
tude) gS m®j pqfu,\ lgh m®j pqfu,\
(D) tks nwljkÍ ds` m*kj gsrq ckj-ckj dw`V # dw`V #
tUe ¥srk gS (A) (1) vkSj (2)
(A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk
40. egkozr leosr gS— (B) (1) vkSj (3) (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS
(A) lE;xΩ næZu eÍ (C) (2) vkSj (4) (B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß]
(B) lE;dΩ` Kku eÍ (D) (1) vkSj (4) ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k
(C) lE;dΩ` pfj( eÍ 45. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulk iap;K eÍ ugÓ gS
(D) lE;dΩ` Le~fr eÍ lfEef¥r ugÓ gS= (C) (A) lR; gS] ijUrq (R) vlR; gS
41. lw p h- I d`k lwph-II ds` lkƒ fe¥ku (A) u~;K (B) v'oes| ;K (D) (A) vlR; gS] ijUrq (R) lR; gS
d`hft, vkSj uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` (C) Hwr;K (D) fir~;K
vuqlkj lgh m®j nhft, # 51. euksoSKkfud` lq[okn (Psychologi-
lwph-I 46. ew Y ; ds ` lE^R;; ij fopkj cal hedonism) ds` vuqlkj fuEu-
(a) v.qozr (b) f(jRu d`hft,— f¥f[r eÍ d`kSu ^sjd` æfDr gS=
(c) vÆVkaxekxZ (d) egkozr (1) œ`¥ LokLF; ds` f¥, vPNs gß (A) vUrKkZu (Intuition)
lwph-II (2) esjh ek∑ lnSo lR; cks¥rh gS (B) cqf* (Reason)
1. Je. 2. Le~fr (3) lR; æqH gS (C) bPNk,∑ (Desires)
3. næZu 4. Jod` (4) csbZekuh (Dishonesty) væqH gS (D) æqH d`k fopkj (Idea of Good)

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/774

52. lwph-I d`k lwph-II ls fe¥ku d`hft, uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj lgh d`kj. (R) # uSfrd` d`ƒukÍ d`k fd`lh
vkSj uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj m®j pqfu,\ ^n® uSfrd` fu;e ds` v|hu ewY;kad`u
lgh m®j nhft, # dw`V # fd`;k tkrk gS\
lwph-I (A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk fuEuf¥f[r dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,
(a) csUƒe (b) fltfod` (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS lgh m®j pqfu,\
(c) fe¥ (d) LisUlj (B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß] dw`V #
lwph-II ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k (A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk
1. lqlaLÎ`r mi;ksfxrkokn ugÓ gS (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS
2. mnΩfod`klkRed` mi;ksfxrkokn (C) (A) lR; gS] ijUrq (R) vlR; gS (B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß]
3. lq[oknh x.uk (D) (A) vlR; gS] ijUrq (R) lR; gS ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k
4. ckSf*d` mi;ksfxrkokn ugÓ gS
57. d`k≥V ds` vuqlkj ‘æqHsPNk’ gS—
dw`V # (C) (A) lR; gS] ijUrq (R) vlR; gS
(A) euksoSKkfud` bPNk
(a) (b) (c) (d) (D) (A) vlR; gS] ijUrq (R) lR; gS
(B) ckSf*d` bPNk (Rational will)
(A) 4 2 3 1
(C) nSoh; bPNk (Divine will) 62. vf|d`kj vkSj d`rZO; ds` chp lEcU|
(B) 3 4 1 2 ds` ckjs eÍ v|ksf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk
(D) vk÷;kfRed` bPNk (Spiritual
(C) 1 3 2 4 fod`Yi lgh gS=
will)
(D) 2 1 4 3 (A) vf|d`kj d`h rq¥uk eÍ d`rZO;
58. d`k≥V ds` vuqlkj bZ'oj uSfrd` psruk
53. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;qXe lgh ^|ku gS
d`h iwoZekU;rk ds` Ôi eÍ —
ugÓ gS= (B) d`rZO; d`h rq¥uk eÍ vf|d`kj
(A) uSfrd` thou d`k ¥{; gS
(A) fe¥ — mi;ksfxrkokn ^|ku gS
(B) uSfrd` thou thus d`k vknsæ
(B) d`k≥V — cqf*ijrkokn (C) nksukÍ ijLijkfJr (Mutually
nsrk gS
(C) csUƒe — lq[okn dependent) gß
(C) fujis” vknsækÍ ds` vkSfpR; d`k
(D) cV¥j — ^Î`frokn (D) nksukÍ ijLij LorU( (Exclu-
vk|kj gS
54. csUƒe ds` vuqlkj fopkj d`hft, # sive) gß
(D) lq[ d`ks æqH ds` lkƒ la;qDr
(1) euqÆ; LoHko ls ijkƒhZ d`jrk gS 63. ^Î`frokn ds` vuqlkj æqH (Good)
(Altruist) gS gS—
59. ^;kstuoknh ·œ`¥-lkis”oknh‚ uSfrd`rk
(2) ckSf*d` lq[ ,sfUnzd` lq[kÍ (Sen- ds` vuqlkj fopkj d`hft, # (A) Lo;a eÍ lk÷;
suous pleasure) ls JsÆB gS (1) æqH vkSj lq[ eÍ rknkRE; gS (B) vifjHk"k (Indefinable)
(3) lq[ vkSj nq#[ thou eÍ fu;ked` (2) ifj.ke d`eZ d`h mfprrk d`k (C) ckSf*d` (Rational)
fl*kUr gß fu|kZj. gS (D) bPNk d`h larqfÆV
(4) lq[oknh ifjx.uk gekjs pquko (3) æqH vifjHkÆ; gS
d`k fu.kZ;d` rRo gS 64. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu æqH d`ks ‘lj¥
(4) uSfrd` fu;e ckSf*d` gS vkSj vfo'¥sÆ; (Unanalysable)
mi;qZDr d`ƒukÍ eÍ ls d`kSulk/d`kSuls uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq, ekurk gS=
d`ƒu lgh gS/gß= lgh m®j pqfu,% (A) fe¥ (B) Ìwe
(A) (1) vkSj (2) (A) (1) vkSj (2) (C) LVhosUlu (D) ewj
(B) (1), (3) vkSj (4) (B) (1) vkSj (3)
(C) (3) vkSj (4) 65. LVhosUlu ds` vuqlkj uSfrd` fu.Z;
(C) (3) vkSj (4) gS—
(D) (2) vkSj (3) (D) (1), (2) vkSj (4) (A) oDrk ds` laosxkÍ d`h vfHO;fDr
55. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk d`k≥V ds` 60. fuEukafd`r eÍ ls d`kSulk fod`Yi fe¥ (B) æq* ckSf*d`
uSfrd` næZu ds` f¥, vuqi;qDr gS= ds` f¥, ¥kxw ugÓ gksrk gS= (C) o.ZukRed` (Descriptive)
(A) lkis”okn (Relativism) (A) og œ`¥-fujis”oknh (Deon-
(D) œ`¥-fujis”oknh (Deonto-
(B) vkd`kfjd`okn (Formalism) tologist)
logical)
(C)lq[ iw.Z æqH d`h iwoZekU;rk gS (B) okaNuh;rk vkSj lq[nkrk ,d`
gh oLrq ds` nks ig¥w gß 66. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSu ;g Lohd`kj
(D)fujis” vknsæ
(C) lq[kÍ eÍ d`ksbZ Hsn ugÓ gS d`jrk gS fd` uSfrd` fu.Z; d`k ^eq[
56. d`ƒu (A) # d`k≥V d`k uSfrd` næZu d`k;Z ‘pquko d`k ekxZnæZu’ d`juk gS=
^k;# d`Bksjrkokn ds` Ôi eÍ tkuk (D) uSfrd`rk fujis” ugÓ gS
(A) ,\ ts\ ,vj
tkrk gS\ 61. fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ ij fopkj d`hft,%
(B) lh\ ,¥\ LVhosUlu
d`kj. (R) # d`k≥V uSfrd`rk eÍ ^se d`ƒu (A) # uSfrd` d`ƒu mfpr
ds` vfrfjDr fd`lh Hh Hkouk d`ks (Right) vƒok vuqfpr (Wrong) (C) th\ bZ\ ewj
Lohd`kj ugÓ d`jrk\ gksrs gß\ (D) vkj\ ,e\ gsvj

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/775

67. ‘;fn vki lq[ ds` ihNs Hkxrs gß rks lgh m®j pqfu, # (2) iq:"Krk (Knower), HksDrk
vki mls ^kIr d`jus eÍ vlœ`¥ gh (A) (1) vkSj (3) (Enjoyer) vkSj d`rkZ (Doer) gS\
gksrs gß\ (B) (1), (2) vkSj (3) (3) f(xq. ^Î`fr ds` vUrjax vax
mi;qZDr fojks|kHkl (Paradox) (C) (1) vkSj (2) gS\
d`g¥krk gS\ (4) ^Î`fr d`k fod`kl js[h; gS\
(D) (2) vkSj (4)
(A) rkfdZ`d` fojks|kHkl uhps fn, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq, lgh
73. fuEukafd`r eÍ d`kSu ;g ekurk gS fd`
(B) lq[okn d`k fojks|kHkl m®j d`ks pqfu,\
lrΩ fuR;kfuR; (Eternal and Non-
(C) ckSf*d` fojks|kHkl dw`V #
eternal) gS=
(D) vk÷;kfRed` (Spiritual) (A) lkS(kfUrd` (B) ;ksxkpkj (A) (1) vkSj (4)
fojks|kHkl (C) tSu næZu (D) v}Sr osnkUr (B) (2) vkSj (3)
68. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk fod`Yi (C) ds`o¥ (3)
74. tSu næZu ds` vuqlkj fuEuf¥f[r eÍ
d`k≥V d`ks Lohd`k;Z ugÓ gS= ls d`kSulk pkj ^d`kj ds` d`eZ-cU| eÍ (D) (3) vkSj (4)
(A) foosd`æh¥ d`rkZvkÍ eÍ Hh uSfrd` lfEef¥r ugÓ gS= 79. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulk fod`Yi lka“;
fu.Z;kÍ ds` ckjs eÍ okLrfod` erHsn gks (A) ^Î`fr (B) fLƒfr d`ks Lohd`k;Z ugÓ gS=
ld`rs gß (C) ^nsæ (D) d`"k; (A) d`k;Z] d`kj. d`k okLrfod`
(B) æqH d`eZ-œ`¥ lkis” ugÓ gksrk gS ÔikUrj. (Transformation) gS
75. lw p h- I d`k lgh-II ds` lkƒ fe¥ku
(C) uSfrd` fu;e cqf* d`k vknsæ gS d`hft, vkSj uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` (B) u iw.Z foukæ gS vkSj u uwru
(D) ‘eq>s d`juk pkfg,’ ;g ‘eß d`j vuqlkj lgh m®j nhft, # mRif®
ld`rk gw∑’ d`h iwoZekU;rk ij vkfJr gS\ lwph-I (C) ^Î`fr ifj.keokn
69. cV¥j Lohd`kj d`jrk gS— (a) lkS(kfUrd` (D) d`kj. vkSj d`k;Z eÍ fd`lh Hh
(A) laosxokn (Emotivism) (b) ;ksxkpkj ^d`kj d`k Hsn ugÓ gS
(c) æwU;okn euksfoKku 80. ;ksx ds` vuqlkj bZ'oj gS —
(B) ^Î`frokn (Naturalism)
(d) oSHkf"d` (A) ÷;ku d`k JsÆB fo";
(C) vUrKkZuokn (Intuitionism)
lwph-II (B) fufe®ksiknu d`kj.
(D) ijkeæZokn (Prescriptivism)
1. ckÌkuqes;okn (C) ;ksx d`k loksZPp ¥{;
70. n≥M d`k d`kSulk fl*kUr vijk| d`ks 2. ckÌ ^R;”okn (D) ,d` fopkj ek(
euksjksx ds` Ôi eÍ Lohd`kj d`jrk gS= 3. fD¥ÆV
(A) fuorZuoknh (Deterrent) 81. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ d`kSulk ;ksx }kjk crkbZ
4. lEo~fr lR;
(B) ^frd`kjoknh (Retributive) xbZ fp(Hwfe eÍ lfEef¥r ugÓ gS=
dw`V #
(C) |eZækL( (A) ,d`kxz (B) fod`Yi
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(D) lq|kjoknh (Reformative) (A) 1 3 4 2 (C) f”Ir (D) fu:}
(B) 2 1 3 4 82. U;k; næZu eÍ Hw;ksnæZu d`k vƒZ gS—
71. d`ƒu (A) # pkokZd` ds` vuqlkj ‘lq[ (C) 3 2 1 4 (A) vkRe-lk”kRd`kj
gh thou d`k loksZPp ¥{; gS\’ (D) 4 3 2 1
d`kj. (R) # ;g txrΩ ds`o¥ pkj (B) Hwfe næZu
HwrkÍ ds` la;ksx ls cuk gS\ 76. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls vlR; ;qXe d`k (C) iqu#-iqu# fujh”.
pquko d`hft, — (D) v¥kSfd`d` ^R;”
uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,
(A) ukxktqZu —lR;};
lgh m®j pqfu,\
dw`V # (B) foKkuokn —oLrqfuÆB ^R;;okn 83. ‘vfXu æhr¥ gS] D;kÍfd` ;g ,d` nzO;
(Substance) gS\’
(C) ¥ad`kOrkj —rƒkxrxHZ
(A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk mi;qZDr d`ƒu n~ÆVkUr gS—
(D) oSHkf"d` —vlaLÎ`r |eZ
(R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS (A) fo:* gsRokHkl d`k
(B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß] 77. ‘vƒZf∂`;klkEF;Z¥”.a ijekƒZlrΩ’
(B) lR^fri” gsRokHkl d`k
ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k ·vƒZf∂`;k lkeF;Z ijekƒZ lrΩ d`k
¥”. gS‚ (C) vfl* gsRokHkl d`k
ugÓ gS (D) ckf|r gsRokHkl d`k
mi;qZDr d`ƒu fd`l nkæZfud` d`k gS=
(C) (A) lR; gS] ijUrq (R) vlR; gS
(A) |eZd`hfrZ (B) ukxktqZu 84. oSæsfæd`kÍ ds` vuqlkj] ,d` oLrq d`k
(D) (A) vlR; gS] ijUrq (R) lR; gS
(C) leUrHnz (D) vd`¥ad` nwljh oLrq ds` Ôi eÍ vHko d`g¥krk
72. pkokZd` ds` vuqlkj fopkj d`hft, # gS—
78. lka“; ds` vuqlkj fopkj d`hft, #
(1) O;kfIr d`h Lƒkiuk lEHo ugÓ (A) vU;ksU;kHko
(1) ije iq:" l~fÆV d`k fufe®
(2) txr iapegkHwrkÍ ls cuk gS (B) vR;UrkHko
d`kj. gS vkSj ^Î`fr bld`k
(3) iki-iq≥; ugÓ gS miknku d`kj. (Material (C) ^kxHko
(4) |ekZfJr d`ke thou d`k ¥{; gS Cause) gS\ (D) ^÷oalHko

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85. lwph-I d`k lwph-II ls fe¥ku d`hft, (C) ekufld` (Mental) d`kj. (R) # fpn.q (Monads)
vkSj uhps fn, x, dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs (D) d`Yiuk (Imagination) xok”ghu (Windowless) gS\
gq, lgh m®j pqfu, # fuEukafd`r dw`V d`k ^;ksx d`jrs gq,
91. vjLrw ds ` vuq l kj fuEuf¥f[r
lwph-I fod`YikÍ eÍ d`kSulk lgh gS= lgh m®j pqfu,\
(a) v“;kfr dw`V #
(A) inkƒZ (Matter) okLrfod`rk gS
(b) vU;ƒk“;kfr (A) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß rƒk
(B) lkekU; ^eq[ nzO; (Substance)
(c) foijhr“;kfr (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k gS
gS
(d) lR“;kfr (B) (A) vkSj (R) nksukÍ lR; gß]
(C) vkd`kj oSfo÷; (Diversity) d`k
lwph-II fl*kUr gS ijUrq (R), (A) d`h lgh O;k“;k
1. U;k; 2. ^Hkd`j (D) nzO; og gS ftld`k vU; lHh ugÓ gS
3. jkekuqt 4. dq`ekfj¥ fo|s; gS (C) (A) lR; gS] ijUrq (R) vlR; gS
dw`V # 92. ,Dohul ekurk gS fd`— (D) (A) vlR; gS] ijUrq (R) lR; gS
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) ^kekf.d` Kku ^R;;kRed` 98. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk fod`Yi
(A) 4 3 1 2 d`k≥V ds` ‘oLrq futLoÔi’ (Things-
(Conceptual) Kku gS
(B) 2 1 4 3 in-themselves) ds` lEcU| eÍ lgh
(B) ^R;;kÍ (Concepts) d`k bfUnz;-
(C) 1 4 3 2 ugÓ gS=
^R;” eÍ d`ksbZ vk|kj ugÓ
(D) 3 2 4 1 (A) bafnz; ^R;” (Sense percep-
(C) lkekU; foæs " kÍ ls LorU(
86. Kkrrkokn d`ks Lohd`kj d`jrs gß— vfLrRoku gS tion) ds` }kjk ugÓ tkuk tkrk
(A) ^Hkd`j (B) U;k; næZu (B) ^R;;kÍ (Concepts) ds` }kjk
(D) lkekU; vokLrfod` (Unreal) gS
ugÓ tkuk tkrk
(C) dq`ekfj¥ (D) æad`j 93. nsd`krZ gS— (C) u rks Kkr gS vkSj u gh fd`lh
87. æad`j ds` vuqlkj fuEuf¥f[r d`ƒukÍ (A) laæ;oknh (Sceptic) Hh Ôi eÍ fpUruh; (Thinkable) gS
ij fopkj d`hft, # (B) cqf*oknh vkSj ^R;;oknh (Rati- (D) vKkr gS] ijUrq ud`kjkRed` Ôi
1. txrΩ cz© d`k ifj.ke vkSj ek;k onalist and idealist) ls fpUruh; gS
d`k foorZ gS (C) cqf*oknh vkSj oLrqoknh (Ratio- 99. cdZ`¥s ds` vkRek ds` ckjs eÍ fuEukafd`r
2. ek;k vij cz© d`h æfDr gS nalist and Realist) fopkjkÍ ls (qfViw.Z fod`Yi pqfu, #
3. cz© Kku d`k vkJ; gS (D) cgqrRooknh (Pluralist) (A) vkRek (Spirit) vfoHkT; l®k
4. psrU; vkSj Kku rnzwi gS 94. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls x¥r ;qXe pqfu, # gS
uhps fn, x, dw`V ds` vuqlkj lgh (A) nsd`krZ —}Srokn (Dualism) (B) ;g lf∂`; l®k gS
m®j pqfu,\ (B) fLiukstk —bZ'ojokn (Theism) (C) vkRek d`k d`ksbZ Hh ^R;; ugÓ
dw`V # (C) ¥kbfCuRt cuk;k tk ld`rk
(A) (1), (2) vkSj (3) (D) ge vkRek d`k lk”krΩ ^R;” d`j
—cgqrÂookn (Pluralism)
(B) (2) vkSj (3) ld`rs gß
(D) Ìwe
(C) (1) vkSj (4) —vuqHookn (Empiricism) 100. ¥kWd` ds` vuqlkj jax d`k fopkj ·^R;;‚
(D) (2) vkSj (4) xzg. fd`;k tkrk gS—
95. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk fLiukstk (A) ,d` bfUnz; (One sense) ls
88. v}Sr osnkUr eÍ feF;k d`k vƒZ gS— d`ks Lohd`k;Z ugÓ gS= (B) ,d`kf|d` bfUnz;kÍ (More than
(A) lnln fo¥”. (A) fu;frokn (Determinism) one sense) ls
(B) lrΩ vkSj vlrΩ nksukÍ (B) cqf*okn (Rationalism) (C) laosnu vkSj fpUru (Sensation
(C) oa÷;kiq( d`h Hk∑fr vlrΩ (C) losZ'ojokn (Pantheism) and reflection)
(D) lrΩ (D) ^;kstuokn (Teleology) (D) ds`o¥ fpUru (Reflection) ls
89. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk lqd`jkr 96. Ìw e ds ` vuq l kj gekjk bZ ' oj eÍ mÂkj O;k“;k lfgr
(Socrates) d`ks Lohd`k;Z ugÓ gS= fo'okl vkfJr gS—
(A) Kku lnΩxq. (Virtue) gS (A) gekjh lq[ d`h vfH¥k"k vkSj
(B) lnΩxq. Kku (Knowledge) gS e~R;q ds` H; ij
(C) lnΩxq. vusd` gß (B) vuqHo (Experience) ij
(D) fcuk Kku ds` lnΩxq. vlEHo gS (C) fpUru (Reasoning) ij
(D) lR; ds` ^fr foæq* ^se ij
90. I¥sVks ds` vuqlkj foKku vƒok ^R;;
gS— 97. ¥kbfCuRt ds` vuqlkj fopkj d`hft, #
(A) Kkuehekalh; ^R;; d`ƒu (A) # fpn.q eÍ dq`N Hh ”;
(B) rÂoehekalh; lrΩ (Metaphysi- ugÓ gksrk] lc dq`N blds` lc lksikukÍ
cal real) (Stages) eÍ lqjf”r jgrk gS\

izfr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/ 2009/777

 >kj[≥M ¥ksd` lsok vk;ksx eq“; ijh{kk] 2006 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(

lkekU; fgUnh
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uksV % (i) lHh ^'u vfuok;Z gß\
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ekurs gß\ ;g ,d` lqlaLÎ`r vkSj fod`flr gS vkSj u gh flœZ` ,d` fl;klrh N¥kok`ø
laLÎ`fr ƒh\ nL;qvkÍ ds` jktk æEcj ds` Lora(rk vxj lpeqp gh ekuoh; O;fâ`Ro
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;q* vkSj foxzg ds` ckn vUrr# lfEe¥u] gS] rks fœ`j mleÍ ekuo–tkfr ds` chp lgh
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nL;qvkÍ ds` lkƒ D;k vkSj dS`lk O;ogkj vkSj csclh d`h ¥hikiksrh d`jrk jgs] rks
fd`;k tk,\ ;fn mud`h gR;k d`j nh fœ`j LorU(rk vkSj mld`h lEiw.Zrk d`k
tk,] rks lsok–pkd`jh d`kSu d`jsxk= ;fn cks| ugÓ gks ld`rk\ Lok|hurk d`h vfUre
mUgÍ ftUnk j[k tkrk gS] rks lekt eÍ ifj.fr L[¥u ugÓ gksrh\ ;g nkf;Ro d`ks
mud`k in vkSj gSfl;r D;k gksxh= nklh vkSj Hh cq¥Un d`jrh gS\ vkneh vkSj
ls mRiUu iq( d`k dq`VqEc eÍ D;k Lƒku vkneh ds` chp d`h [kbZ d`ks ikVus rƒk
gksxk= blh ;”–^'u ds` lUnHZ eÍ ofæÆB cjkcjh vkSj HkbZpkjs d`k lad`Yi gh bl
vkSj fo'okfe( nks ijLij fojks|h fopkj– jktuhfrd` vkS j oS P kkfjd` ∂`kfUr d`h
n~fÆV;kÍ ds` la?"Z ds` ^rhd`–iq:" ds` Ôi eÍ lkƒZd`rk gks ld`rh gS\ vktknh fd`lh n¥–
lkeus vkrs gß\ ofæÆB vk;Z laLÎ`fr vkSj foæs" d`h ugÓ gksrh] u gh fd`lh oxZ ;k
jâ`æq*rk ds` gkeh ƒs] tcfd` fo'okfe( tkfr foæs" d`h\ og rks lHh d`h gksrh gS]
,d` lkekftd` laLÎ`fr ds` i”|j ƒs ftleÍ lHh ds` fgr eÍ lHh d`ks volj nsus ds`
nL;qvkÍ ds` lekt] jhfr–O;ogkj vkSj f¥,\ mlls lEiw.Z lkekftd` O;oLƒk d`ks
thou–i*fr d`h ,d` fofæÆV Hwfed`k ƒh\ csgrj cukus ds` volj lkeus vkrs gß\ bl
·d`‚ bl x»kaæ ds` xgjs Nis (Bold) volj d`ks pwd` tkus d`k er¥c gksxk%
vaækÍ d`h O;k“;k d`hft,\ 3 × 5 = 15 vktknh d`ks u igpku ikuk] mld`h d`nj
·[‚ vk;ksÛ vkSj nL;qvkÍ ds` lEcU|kÍ u d`j ikukø`vktknh O;fâ` d`h ^xfr ds`
ds` ckjs eÍ ik∑p okD; f¥f[,\ 5 f¥, gksrh gS] O;fâ`xr ^xfr ds` f¥, ugÓ\
m®j% ·d`‚ bl vorj. d`k mfpr æh"Zd`
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50 æCnkÍ eÍ f¥f[,\ 15
m®j

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/779
 (iv) cgqr-lh Hk"kvkÍ d`ks tkuus ok¥k
(v) fd`lh cÈMs vkneh ds` fu|u d`h
^'u 3. ·d`‚ v*Z ljd`kjh-i( okf"Zd` frfƒ
(Demi Official Letter) D;k gksrk gS= (vi) ilhus ls mRiUu gksus ok¥k
mld`k ,d` ^kÔi ^Lrqr d`hft,\ 10
(vii) xksn f¥;k gqvk iq(
·[‚ ifji( (Circular) fd`ls d`grs
(viii) ftls ckgjh txrΩ d`k Kku u
gß= mld`k ,d` ^kÔi rS;kj d`hft,\ 10
gks
m®j%
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orZuh ok¥s æCnkÍ d`ks æq* d`hft,% 10
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(iii) eßus ,d` ¥ksgs d`h ckYVh [jhnh\
(iv) iwT;uh; ekekth d`ks ueLd`kj
d`guk\
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m®j%

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ik∑p milxZ Nk∑fV,% 10
(i) nqfuZokj (v) ¥kokfjl
(ii) vR;qfâ` (vi) fg¥ksj
(iii) fcd`k˜ (vii) murhl
(iv) v|ksxfr (viii) gj,d`
·vk‚ fd`UgÓ ik∑p æCnkÍ ds` fo¥kse
f¥f[,% 10
(i) milxZ (v) iwoZorhZ
(ii) ,".k (vi) Hwxks¥
(iii) d`Yiukrhr (vii) lqcks|
(iv) jksxh (viii) Jksrk
·b‚ fuEuf¥f[r okD;kaækÍ eÍ ls fd`UgÓ
ik∑p ds` f¥, ,d`–,d` æCn f¥f[,% 10
(i) vfrfƒ d`h lsok d`jus ok¥k
(ii) ftls ijkftr u fd`;k tk lds`
(iii) og d`fo tks rR”. d`fork d`j
lds`
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/780
 ^'u 5. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls ik∑p eqgkojkÍ
vkSj ik∑p ¥ksd`ksfâ`;kÍ ds` vƒZ f¥f[, vkSj
okD;kÍ eÍ ^;ksx d`hft,% 30
d`kf¥[ iksruk ^'u 6. fgUnh Hk"k eÍ d`k;kZ¥;h d`k;ksÛ
d`gÓ d`k bÛV d`gÓ d`k jksÈMk] Hkuqerh ds` Rofjr fuÆiknu ds` f¥, d`EI;wVj ds`
us dq`uck tksÈMk egRo ij ^d`kæ Mkf¥,\ 20
mÈMrh fpfÈM;k igpkuuk m®j
vksNs d`h ^hfr ck¥w d`h Hhfr
?wjs ds` fnu fœ`juk
vU|s ds` vkxs jksos vius uSuk [ksos
ug¥s ij ng¥k ekjuk
¥sus ds` nsus iÈMuk
vk|h NksÈM lkjh d`ks |koS] vk|h fe¥s
u iwjh ikoS
uDd`kj[kus eÍ rwrh d`h vkokt
xokg pqLr eqnΩnbZ lqLr
gksugkj fcjoku ds` gksr phd`us ikr
vkÈMs gkƒkÍ ¥suk
xqÈM [k;s] xq¥xq¥kÍ ls ijgst
ued`–fepZ ¥xkuk
m®j%·eqgkojs‚

●●●

uohu ^Lrqfr

·uohu vk∑d`ÈMkÍ ,oa rF;kÍ lfgr‚

¥s[d` # ,e\ ds`\ nhf{kr
d`ksM ua\ 1446 ewY; # 60/-
mid`kj ^d`kæu] vkxjk –2
E-mail : publisher@upkar.in
Website : www.upkar.in

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/781
 fofo| rF; # lkekU; tkud`kjh ifjpk¥u d`juk] i;ZVu d`ks cÈ<kok nsus
gsrq pkVZj mÈMkuÍ mi¥C| d`jkuk ƒk\ blds`
”s(h; d`k;kZ¥; ubZ fnY¥h rƒk eqEcbZ eÍ
fLƒr gß\
ukxj foekuu lsok,a # ubZ ˜∑pkb;kÍ d`h vksj%eq“;-eq“; ckrÍ ☛ PHHL ,fæ;k d`h ,d` foæk¥re
(Civil Aviation Services : Scaling New Heights_Highlights) gs¥hd`kWIVj ifjpk¥d` ds` Ôi eÍ mHj d`j
vkbZ gS] ftlds` csÈMs (Fleets) eÍ 35
MkW\ vks\ ih\ jktiwr Mh\,l-lh\ gs¥hd`kIVlZ gß\
☛ PHHL ns æ d`h vU; jkT; ljd`kjÍ ]
nsæ d`h fujUrj rst xfr ls cÈÈ<rh ekuo d`juk ,oa lEcfU|r ”s( eÍ ;krk;kr ds` tSls%iatkc] es?k¥;] flfDd`e] f(iqjk]
tula“;k] o~f* nj @ 1·9% okf"Zd` d`ks ÷;ku fu;fer fod`kl vkSj foLrkj ds` f¥, v:.kap¥ ^nsæ] ¥”}hi] v≥Meku o
eÍ Hh j[rs gq, ukxj foekuu ”s( eÍ v^R;k- ;kstuk,a cukuk vkSj mUgÍ ¥kxw d`juk gS\ fud`ksckj }hi lewgkÍ eÍ gs¥hd`kWIVj lsok,a
fær o~f* gqbZ gS] foæs"d`j o"Z 2007-08 ds` ^nku d`jkrh gß\ vejukƒ |ke gsrq Hh
☛ laxBu (Organisation) ds` vUrxZr%(i) gs¥hd`kWIVj mi¥C| d`jk, gß\
nkSjku\ bl ”s( ds` vius d`k;Zd`¥ki d`h o~f*
Attached/Subordinate Organisa-
ls bld`h o~f* nj fo'o eÍ mRÎ`ÆV jgh gS\
tions eÍ%DGCA (Directorate Gene- ☛ PHHL ^nw " . jks d `ƒke] lrdZ ` rk]
;k(h ;krk;kr eÍ 32·51% d`h o~f* gqbZ gS tks jktHk"k ·fgUnh‚ ^;ksx] ^fæ”. vkfn
ral of Civil Aviation), B C A S
,d` LoLƒ ^okg gS\ NksVs ægjkÍ vkSj d`LckÍ ds` enkÍ ij foæs" ÷;ku ns jgk gS\
(Bureau of Civil Aviation Security)
chp foeku lsok lEidZ`rk eÍ ”s(h; ,;j¥kbukÍ ■ bafnjk xka|h jkÆV_h; mÈMku vd`kneh
ds` vkus ls Hh o~f* gqbZ gS\ bl ”s( eÍ HfoÆ; ,oa— CRS (Commission on Railway
Safety); (ii) Autonomous Body– (bxzqvk%IGRUA)%
eÍ Hh Hkjh fujUrj o~f* ,oa Lƒkf;Ro cuk,
j[us d`h tÔjr gS\ nsæ ds` nqxZe/igkÈMh ”s(kÍ IGRUA (Indira Gandhi Rashtriya ☛ IGRUA ·bxzqvk‚ d`h Lƒkiuk œq`lZrxat]
Urban Academy) rƒk (iii) Public jk;cjs ¥ h ·m®j ^ns æ ‚ eÍ ] ns æ eÍ
eÍ lEidZ`rk lqfo|k ^nku d`jus gsrq gs¥hd`kWIVjkÍ
Sector Undertakings eÍ % NACIL okf.fT;d` ik;¥VkÍ ds` mÈMku ,oa Lƒ¥
ds` ^pk¥u d`ks ^kjEH fd`;k tk jgk gS] blh-
(National Aviation Company of India ^fæ”. ds` lq|kj ¥kus ds` mˆs'; ls d`h
f¥, o"Z 2008 d`ks “Helicopter Services
Ltd.) A A I (Airport Authority of xbZ ƒh\
Year, 2008” ?ksf"r fd`;k x;k\ ;»fi ukxj
India), P H H L (Pawan Hans
foekuu lsokvkÍ eÍ cgqvk;keh lao~f* us nsæ ds` ☛ ‘Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran
Helicopters Ltd.) and Alliance Air,
lEeq[ cn¥rh gqbZ ^Î`fr d`h pqukSfr;k∑ [ÈMh Academy’ ( I G R U A ) }kjk vus d `
HCIL (Hotel Corporation of India)
d`h gß] vr# bl lao~f* d`ks lHh LVsd`|kjd`kÍ ikBΩ;∂`e vk;ksftr fd`, tkrs gß] tSls%
d`h lgk;rk] leUo; vkSj lg;ksx ls Hkjr ,oa ‘AICL’ (Air India Charters Ltd.), B.Sc. (Aviation) Degree Course,
(All three later Subsidiary of
d`ks bl ”s( eÍ oSf'od` vxzf.;kÍ d`h Js.h eÍ bULV_wes≥V js¯Vx ikBΩ;∂`e] eYVhbatu
NACIL).
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fo'o foekuu ekdsZ`V eÍ o"Z 2007–08 eÍ 9ok∑ ☛ Website of Ministry of Civil ,;jksukWfVd`¥ bathfu;jh eÍ foeku ij
Lƒku ^kIr fd`;k] tcfd` o"Z 2006 eÍ bld`k Aviation–http://civil avia·nic·in ^SfDVd`¥ V_s¯ux ^nku d`juk] vkfn\
12ok∑ Lƒku ƒk\ ,;j¥kbu d`kjksckj eÍ 27% ■
,;j bafM;k ,oa bafM;u ,;j¥kbUl d`k ☛ ‘bxzqvk’ ^fro"Z 100 ik;¥VkÍ d`ks 1 o"Z eÍ
d`h o~f* gqbZ gS] tks o~f* ?js¥w ,oa vUrjkZÆV_h;
fo¥; (Merger of Air India & ^fæ”. d`h ;kstuk rS;kj d`j jgk] gS tks
nksukÍ lsDVjkÍ eÍ mnkjhd`j. d`h uhfr ds` d`kj. Indian Airlines)% vc rd` ^fro"Z 40 ik;¥VkÍ d`ks 2 o"ksÛ eÍ
gqbZ gS\ ^fæ”. nsrk ƒk\ lkƒ gh ‘bxzqvk’ d`k
☛ NACIL ·usæu¥ ,fo,æu d`Eiuh vkWœ`
ukxj foekuu ea(k¥; (Ministry of bf≥M;k f¥feVsM‚ ,d` ubZ d`Eiuh d`h ^cU|u eSllZ lh`,`bZ (M/s CAE)
Civil Aviation–G O I Government of Lƒkiuk 30 ekpZ] 2007 d`ks] eq“;k¥; d`ukMk eÍ lkßik tkuk fu|kZfjr fd`;k x;k gS\
India) d`h okf"Zd` fjiksVZ 2007–08 ds` vk|kj (Hq.) eqEcbZ eÍ d`h xbZ] bl ubZ ,;j¥kbu ☛ ^nw". fu;a(. gsrq vusd` d`ne mBk, x,
ij ukxj foekuu lsokvkÍ ds` ”s( eÍ ubZ d`k czkUM uke ‘Air India’ rƒk ¥ksxkÍ gß] tSls% ikl ds` ok;q^nw". ij fu;a(.]
˜∑pkb;kÍ d`h vksj (Scaling New Heights) (Logo)%egkjktk (Maharaja) gS\ bls xans ikuh d`k fuiVkjk] Bksl d`pjkÍ d`ks bl
d`ne cÈ<s gß\ blds` vUrxZr vusd` xfrfof|;kÍ Air India vkSj Indian Airlines d`k rjg t¥kuk] rkfd` d`e-ls-d`e |qvk∑ gks]
}kjk fofHUu mY¥s[uh; lœ`¥rk,a Hh fe¥h gß] fo¥; d`j cuk;k x;k (Certified on 27 gjk-Hjk cuk, j[us gsrq vd`kneh ifjlj
ftud`ks la”si eÍ fuEuorΩ nækZ;k tk ld`rk gS% Aug, 2007) d`eZpkfj;kÍ d`h d`fBukb;kÍ eÍ o~”kjksi. vkfn\
^eq[ mi¥fC|;k∑/xfrfof|;k∑ (Major d`ks nwj d`jus gsrq ,d` f(Lrjh; fæd`k;r ☛ o"Z 2007 ·tuojh%fnlEcj‚ ds` nkSjku
Achievements/Activities) fuokj. O;oLƒk (A Three Tier Grie- mÈMku ?≥VkÍ d`h la“;k (King Air C–
vances Redressal Machinery) d`k xBu 90A, Zin Z–242 L rƒk Trinidad TB –
■ ukxj foekuu ea(k¥; d`k lajpukRed`/
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(Infrastructure/Organizational Set– ■ iou gal gs¥hd`kWIVlZ f¥feVsM (Pawan tcfd` fiN¥s 7 o"ksÛ ds` nkSjku 284 V_suht
Up & Functions of Ministry of Civil Hans Helicopters Limited ‘PHHL’) d`ks Pilot Trained ^fæ”. iwjk fd`;k
Aviation, GOI)% –Est. in October, 1985–Registered x;k\
☛ Ministry of Civil Aviation (GOI) d`k Office, New Delhi ■ Hkjrh; foekui®u ^kf|d`j. ( A i r-
eq“;k¥; (Hq.)%lœ`njtax ,;jiksVZ ☛ PHHL d`h Lƒkiuk] vDVwcj 1985 eÍ% ports Authority of India–AAI)%
d`kWEI¥SDl ds` jktho xka|h Hou] ubZ ,d` ljd`kjh d`Eiuh ds` Ôi eÍ HCIL (w·e·f· 1 Apirl. 1995, Under Act of
fnY¥h fLƒr gS ftlds` pkjkÍ vksj gjs–Hjs (Helicopter Corporation of India Parliament AAI Act, 1994)%
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☛ ea(k¥; ds` eq“; d`k;ksÛ ,oa m®jnkf;RokÍ eq“; mˆs'; leqnz eÍ rs¥ d`h [kst gsrq ,oa fuxjkuh lqfo|kvkÍ d`k ^ko|ku]
eÍ ukxj foekuu ds` fod`kl ,oa fofu;eu rs¥ ”s( eÍ gs¥hd`kWIVj lgk;rk lsok,a vUrjkZÆV_h; ,oa vransZæh; gokbZ vMΩMkÍ ij
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^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/782
 ;k(h lqfo|kvkÍ ,oa lwpuk ^.kf¥;kÍ d`k
^ko|ku vkfn] lfEef¥r gß\
☛ Trivendrum International Airport
(Kerala) d`ks ‘ISO–14001 : 2004’ ds`
vUrxZ r “Airfield Environment
Management System Compliance
Certificate” ^kIr gqvk] tks vkLV_sf¥;k
,oa U;wth¥S≥M d`h ‘Joint Accreditation
System’ ls bl ^ek.u d`ks ^kIr d`jus ☛ BCAS }kjk o"Z 2007 eÍ L∂`hujkÍ ds` ☛ iougal gsf¥d`kWIVlZ f¥feVsM }kjk lHh
ok¥k gokbZ vMΩMk nf”. Hkjr d`k
‘nwljk’ (Second) rƒk nsæ d`k ‘pkSƒk’
(Fourth) gokbZ vMΩMk gS\
☛ laxBu eÍ bZekunkjh] lR;fuÆBk d`h ^o~f®
cÈ<kus gsrq 12–16 uoEcj] 2007 d`ks
lrdZ`rk tkxÔd`rk lIrkg (Vigilance ■ uSfl¥ (NACIL–National Aviation
Awareness Week) euk;k x;k\ lkƒ gh]
fgUnh i[okÈMk (Hindi Fortnight)–14 ls ☛ uSfl¥ (NACIL)%,d` ubZ d`Eiuh nks
30 flrEcj] 2007 Hh euk;k x;k] tks
jktHk"k uhfr (Official Language
Policy–GOI) ds ` rgrΩ fgUnh d`ks
^ksRlkfgr d`jus ds` f¥, euk;k x;k\
■ js¥ laj”k vk;ksx (Commission of
Railway Safety–CRS)
☛ js¥ laj”k vk;ksx (CRS) ebZ 1967 eÍ
i;ZVu vkSj ukxj foekuu ea(k¥; ds`
fu;a(. eÍ vk;k] tks ckn eÍ ukxj foekuu
ea(k¥; (Ministry of Civil Aviation–
GOI) d`g¥k;k\
☛ vk;ksx (CRS) ds` v|hu 9 Circle
Offices gß] ftleÍ nks Circle Offices ds`
eq“;k¥; eqEcbZ rƒk 3 Circle Offices ds`
eq“;k¥; d`ks¥d`krk eÍ gß rƒk cÍx¥q:] ☛ NACIL }kjk ‘Air India Cargo
fnY¥h] ¥[u˜ vkSj fld`Unjkckn eÍ
,d`–,d` eq“;k¥; gS\ ^R;sd` lfdZ`¥ ,d`
js¥ laj”k vk;qâ` ds` ^Hkj eÍ gSS\ js¥
vf|fu;e] 1989 ds` v|hu ^R;sd` vk;qâ`
,d` Lora( lkafof|d` vf|d`kjh gS\
☛ vk;ksx }kjk js¥ ^æklu eÍ ¥kbu fuekZ.
,oa laj”k ds` lHh mik; fd`, tkrs gß]
lkƒ gh laj”k ekud`kÍ d`ks ¥kxw d`jus]
d`k;Z/fujh”.] l¥kg nsuk ,oa lrdZ`
d`juk Hh eq“; d`k;ksÛ eÍ vkrs gß\
■ ukxj foekuu lqj”k C;wjks (BCAS–
Bureau of Civil Aviation Security)%
☛ ‘BCAS’ Ministry of Civil Aviation
(GOI) d`k ,d` lEc* d`k;kZ¥; gS]
ftld`k eq“; mˆs'; xSj–d`kuwuh gLr”si
ds` d`k;ksÛ ds` fo:* ukxfjd` foekuu
^pk¥ukÍ d`h lqj”k d`juk gS\ bl C;wjks
(BCAS) d`k eq“;k¥; (Hq.) ubZ fnY¥h
eÍ gS\
☛ vk|qfud`hd`j. ds` ”s( eÍ BCAS us
MkVkcsl rƒk b¥sDV_kWfud` MkVk ^ksls¯lx ☛ NACIL (National Aviation Company Services, 2008) ?ksf"r fd`;k x;k\ fu#lansg`!
ds` fod`kl o ^æklu ds` œ`¥LoÔi
d`EI;wVjkÍ ij lkjk vfH¥s[hd`j. fgUnh
rƒk vaxzsth eÍ fd`;k tkrk gS vkSsj
d`k;kZ¥;h ‘Human Resource Manage-
ment Software Package’ Hh ds`Unzh;
lwpuk ds`Unz ls ^kIr fo®h; lgk;rk }kjk
^frÆBkfir fd`;k tk jgk gS\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/783
☛
d`eZpkjh fæd`k;r ^d`ksÆB (Staff Grie- ls¥ (Women Cell) gS] tks efg¥k
vance Cell), jktHk"k d`k;kZUo;u fgUnh d`eZpkfj;kÍ d`h fæd`k;rÍ ntZ d`jrh gS\
i[okÈ M k] fgUnh d`k;Z æ k¥k] fgUnh ds ` ^xkeh NACIL (I) eÍ 31 fnlEcj] 2007 d`ks 6
^;ksx d`ks lqfuf'pr d`jus] pkjkÍ ”s(h; SHDO d`eZpkfj;kÍ lfgr dq`¥ 17,783
d`k;kZ¥;kÍ d`k fgUnh fujh”. vkfn d`k;Z d`eZpkjh ƒs] ftleÍ ls 3212 efg¥k
BCAS }kjk o"Z (2007–08) ds` nkSjku
d`eZpkjh ƒs\ efg¥k,a d`Eiuh d`h dq`¥
le; ls ^kIr fæd`k;rkÍ ij rqjUr d`k;Zokgh
d`h xbÛ\ Jeæfâ` ds` 18·06% gß\
^ek.u (Certification of Screeners) d`k;kZ¥;kÍ eÍ v¥x ls efg¥k ls¥kÍ d`k
gsrq 123 ijh”. vk;ksftr fd`,\ bleÍ xBu fd`;k x;k gS tks efg¥kvkÍ d`ks
APSU/Airlines d`Eifu;kÍ ds` dq`¥ ^fæ”.] d`kSæ¥ lq|kj gsrq ckgjh fofæÆV
laLƒkukÍ eÍ d`k;Z∂`e vk;ksftr d`jkrh gS\
3140 L∂`hujkÍ us Hkx f¥;k vkSj 1832
blds` v¥kok IGRUA (Indira Gandhi
L∂`hujkÍ d`ks ^ekf.r fd`;k x;k\
Rashtriya Uran Academy) eÍÍ 3 efg¥k
d`eZpkjh gß vkSj mueÍ d`Y;k. d`k d`k;Z
Company of India Ltd.) lkekU; ^æklfud` pSu¥ ds` ek÷;e ls
fd`;k tkrk gS\
jkÆV_h; okgd`kÍ Air India ,oa Indian Air ■ fod`¥kax O;fâ`;kÍ gsrq lqfo|k,a (Faci-
Lines ds` fo¥; ls 30 ekpZ] 2007 d`ks
lities to Disabilities Persons)%
(Companies Act, 1956 ds` rgrΩ xfBr
fd`;k x;k] ftld`k iathÎ`r eq“;k¥; ☛ fod`¥kax O;fâ` vf|fu;e] 1995 ·leku
(Hq.) ,;j¥kbUl gkml] jd`kcxat] ubZ volj] vf|d`kjkÍ ds` j”kiw.Z fgLlsnkjh‚
fnY¥h gS\ rƒk Corporate Office %eqEcbZ ds` v|hu ^ko|kukÍ ds` d`k;kZUo;u ij
eÍ gS\ bl NACIL d`ks fu;fer d`k;Z gsrq ljd`kj }kjk le;–le; ij tkjh fd`, x,
Ministry of Corporate Affairs }kjk fnæk-funsZækÍ ij vuqlj. fd`;k tkrk gS\
Sections 391–394 ds` vUrxZr vuqeksfnr ☛ fod`¥kax O;fâ`;kÍ/;kf(;kÍ d`ks f¥ŒV
d`j 27 vxLr] 2007 ls ^Hkoh fd`;k x;k\ lqfo|k,a] ok;q;k(k eÍ fj;k;r (Indian
☛ 21 œ`jojh] 2007 d`ks] ,;j bf≥M;k d`ks Airlines }kjk 50% rƒk 80% rd`
‘Amity Corporate Excellence ¥ksd`ksehVj fod`¥kaxrk ok¥s ækjhfjd` Ôi
Award’–Amity University, Noida
ls fod`¥kax O;fâ`;kÍ d`ks), n~fÆVghukÍ d`ks
(U.P.) }kjk ^nku fd`;k x;k\
50% fj;k;r gß\
Aircraft’ ds` ek÷;e ls d`kxksZ ^pk¥ukÍ lkjka æ (Summary)
gsrq nks A–310 ;k(h foekukÍ d`ks ek¥- mi;qZâ` fooj. ls la”si eÍ ;g fuÆd`"Z
okgd` foekukÍ eÍ ifjofrZr fd`;k x;k gS\ fud`k¥k tk ld`rk gS fd` o"Z 2007–08 ds`
☛ NACIL }kjk lrdZ`rk tkxÔd`rk lIrkg nkSjku ukxj foekuu ea(k¥; (Ministry of
12–16 uoEcj] 2007 d`ks euk;k] lkƒ gh Civil Aviation, Government of India–
jktHk"k d`k;kZUo;u d`k;Z∂`e] fgUnh ds` GOI) }kjk vusd` mY¥s[uh; d`k;Z fofHUu
^pkj–^lkj] fgUnh i[okÈMk 1–14 Sept., ”s ( kÍ ] tS l s % vUrjkZ Æ V_ h ; vkS j va r ns Z æ h;
2007, vkfn d`k;Z∂`e vk;ksftr fd`, x,\
,;j¥kbUl] csgrj lEidZ`] vk|qfud` ,;jiksVZ
vU; xfrfof|;k∑ (Other Activities) lqfo|k,a« ^fæ”.] fod`¥kaxkÍ gsrq lqfo|k,a]
■ efg¥k d`Y;k. (Women Welfare) % ^nw". jksd`ƒke] lrZd`rk] jktHk"k ·fgUnh‚
☛ Ministry of Women & Child ^;ksx] mÈMku ”erk eÍ o~f*] [s¥ ·f∂`ds`V/
Development (GOI) ds` funsZækuqlkj gkWd`h/ærjat vkfn VwukZeÍV‚ eÍ Hkx ¥sus ok¥h
Ministry of Civil Aviation (GOI) eÍ VhekÍ d`ks lqfo|k ^nku d`jus] ekuo lalk|u
,d` ‘Gender Budgeting Cell’ d`k fod`kl lEcU|h ig¥Í (Initiatives) vkfn eÍ
xBu fd`;k x;k gS] ftleÍ efg¥k mi– fd`, x, gß ftlls ukxj foekuu ”s( eÍ
lfpo d`h v÷;”rk eÍ ^eq[ vf|d`kjh ds` v^R;kfær o~f* ns[h xbZ gS] tks fo'o Lrj
rkS j ;g Cell efg¥k d`eZpkfj;kÍ ls ij mRÎ`ÆV jgh gS vkSj ;k(h ;krk;kr eÍ
lEcfU|r d`k;Z d`h leh”k d`j] mUgÍ d`k;Z 32·51% d`h o~f* gqbZ gS\ o"Z 2008 d`ks
lEcU|h lqfo|k,a ^nku d`jsxh\ gs¥hd`kWIVj lsok o"Z (Year of Helicopter
of India Ltd.) vƒkZrΩ fo¥f;r Air India bl ”s( eÍ cgqvk;keh lao~f* us ge lcds`
Ltd. NACIL (A) rƒk Indian Airlines lkeus cn¥rh gqbZ ^Î`fr d`h pqukSfr;k∑ [ÈMh
Ltd. NACIL (I) eÍ efg¥k d`eZpkfj;kÍ ds` d`h gß\ vr#] HfoÆ; eÍ bu pqukSfr;kÍ d`k lkeuk
d`Y;k. gsrq vusd` d`k;Z fd`, x, gß\ d`jus gsrq vkilh lg;ksx] lgk;rk ,oa leUo;
HRD (Human Resource Develop- d`h tÔjr gksxh\
ment) ds` d`Y;k. vuqHkx eÍ ,d` efg¥k æs" i~ÆB 805 ij
 ;wukbVsM bf≥M;k bU';ksjÍl d`Eiuh ^æklfud` vf|d`kjh ijh{kk] 24-5-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i( 9. oDrO; : dq`N phuh Ôlh ugÓ gß\
lHh Ôlh v≠`hd`h gß\
dq`N v≠`hd`h Hkjrh; gß\
rdZ`”erk fuÆd`"Z : I. dq`N phuh v≠`hd`h
·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚ ugÓ gß\
II. dq`N phuh Hkjrh;
ugÓ gß\
funsZæ—·^'u 1 ls 5 rd`‚ uhps fn, funsZæ—·^'u 6 ls 10 rd`‚ uhps fn, III. lHh Ôlh Hkjrh; gß\
gq, ^'ukÍ eÍ +, –, ×, ÷ ,oa = ds` fpÕkÍ d`ks gq, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ nks ;k rhu oDrO; fn, IV. dq`N Hkjrh; phuh gß\
fuEuf¥f[r vƒksÛ eÍ ^;ksx fd`;k x;k gS— x, gß\ buds` uhps pkj fuÆd`"Z fn, x, gß\ (A) ds`o¥ II fud`¥rk gS
A + B d`k vfH^k; gS fd` A, B ls cÈMk bu fuÆd`"ksÛ d`ks I, II, III ,oa IV }kjk (B) ds`o¥ III fud`¥rk gS
gS« vafd`r fd`;k x;k gS\ vkid`ks fn, gq, (C) ds`o¥ IV fud`¥rk gS
A – B d`k vfH^k; gS fd A, B ls cÈMk fuÆd`"ksÛ d`ks ;fn os lk|kj.r# Kkr rF;kÍ (D) ;k rks II ;k IV fud`¥rk gS
;k mlds` cjkcj gS« ls fHUu Hh gkÍ] rks Hh lR; ekuuk gS ,oa
mlds` i'pkrΩ fuf'pr d`juk gS fd` pkjkÍ 10. oDrO;`: lHh pkd` iuhj gß\
A × B d`k vfH^k; gS fd A, B ds` cjkcj d`ksbZ Hh iuhj t¥iksr ugÓ gS\
fuÆd`"ksÛ eÍ ls d`kSulk·d`kSuls‚ rkfd`Zd` Ôi
gS« ls fn, gq, oDrO;kÍ ls fud`¥rk gS·fud`¥rs dq`N >q≥M t¥iksr gß\
A ÷ B d`k vfH^k; gS fd A, B ls NksVk gß‚\
gS« ,oa fuÆd`"Z : I. dq`N >q≥M pkd` ugÓ gß\
6. oDrO; : dq`N xhr HhÈM gß\ II. dq`N >q≥M iuhj gß\
A = B d`k vfH^k; gS fd A, B ls NksVk
;k mlds` cjkcj gS\ dq`N HhÈM nh?Z gß\ III. dq`N iuhj >q≥M ugÓ gß\
fuÆd`"Z : I. dq`N xhr nh?Z gß\ IV. d`ksbZ Hh pkd` t¥iksr
^R;sd` ^'u ds` f¥, vkid`ks fn, gq,
II. d`ksbZ Hh xhr nh?Z ugÓ gS\
oDrO;kÍ d`ks lR; ekud`j fu.Z; ¥suk gS
fd` fn, gq, nksukÍ fuÆd`"ksÛ eÍ ls d`kSulk ugÓ gS\ (A) I, II ,oa IV fud`¥rs gß
·d`kSuls‚ lR; gS·gß‚\ m®j nhft,— III. ds`o¥ nh?Z xhr gß\ (B) ;k rks II ;k III ,oa IV fud`¥rs gß
(A) ;fn ds`o¥ fuÆd`"Z I lR; gS« IV. ds`o¥ xhr nh?Z gß\ (C) II ,oa III fud`¥rs gß
(A) ds`o¥ I fud`¥rk gS (D) II ,oa IV fud`¥rs gß
(B) ;fn ds`o¥ fuÆd`"Z II lR; gS«
(B) ds`o¥ III fud`¥rk gS funsZæ—·^'u 11 ls 15 rd`‚ fd`lh
(C) ;fn ;k rks fuÆd`"Z I ;k fuÆd`"Z
II lR; gS« ,oa (C) ;k rks I ;k II fud`¥rk gS æCn-foU;kl eæhu eÍ tc dq`N foæs" æCn
(D) ;k rks III ;k IV fud`¥rk gS fuosæ fd`, x,] rks og mud`ks ,d` foæs"
(D) ;fn u rks fuÆd`"Z I vkSj u gh
7. oDrO; : dq`N pkVZ cjNs gß\ fu;e d`k ik¥u d`jrs gq, ∂`ec* d`j
fuÆd`"Z II lR; gS\ nsrh gS\ fuosæ ,oa ∂`ec* d`jus d`h LVsikÍ
lHh cjNs Bs¥s gß\ d`k fp(. fuEuorΩ gS—
1. oDrO; :
D = S, N + V, D × R, R + V
dq`N Bs¥s rhoz gß\ fuosæ : CRI END YAM STU THE
fuÆd`"Z : I. S + V fuÆd`"Z : I. dq`N pkVZ Bs¥s gß\ LVsi I : YAM THE CRI END STU
II. dq`N Bs¥s cjNs gß LVsi II : YAM THE STU END CRI
II. D + N
III. dq`N cjNs rhoz gß\ LVsi III : STU CRI YAM THE END
2. oDrO; : IV. dq`N rhoz pkVZ gß\ LVsi IV : STU CRI END THE YAM
K × P, M ÷ J, C ÷ P, K = M (A) ds`o¥ I ,oa II fud`¥rs gß ,oa blh ^d`kj eæhu vkxs p¥rh
fuÆd`"Z : I. M + P (B) ds`o¥ I ,oa III fud`¥rs gß tkrh gS\ rdZ` d`k v÷;;u d`hft, ,oa ^'ukÍ
II. M × P (C) ds`o¥ II ,oa III fud`¥rs gß ds` m®j nhft,\
3. oDrO; : (D) ds`o¥ I, III ,oa IV fud`¥rs gß 11. ;fn fd`lh fuos æ d`h LVs i VII
L – R, N × M, L ÷ M, N = P 8. oDrO; : lHh fjfDr;k∑ ægrhj gß\
‘OVER THE PRE NEW BONE’
gS] rks ml fuosæ d`h LVsi IV D;k gS=
fuÆd`"Z : I. M + R lHh iq¥ ægrhj gß\ (A) BONE THE PRE OVER
II. R + P lHh iq¥ xk; gß\ NEW
4. oDrO; : fuÆd`"Z : I. dq`N xk; ægrhj gß\ (B) THE PRE BONE NEW
W + K, S = Z, X – W, S × K II. dq`N fjfDr;k∑ xk; gß\ OVER
fuÆd`"Z : I. K × Z III. dq`N fjfDr;k∑ iq¥ gß\ (C) THE BONE PRE OVER
NEW
II. X + K IV. dq`N iq¥ xk; ugÓ gß\
(D) PRE BONE THE OVER
5. oDrO; : (A) ds`o¥ I fud`¥rk gS NEW
P ÷ Q, W – N, P – N, T + W (B) ds`o¥ II fud`¥rk gS 12. uhps fn, x, fuosæ ds` f¥,—
fuÆd`"Z : I. P × W (C) ds`o¥ I, II ,oa III fud`¥rs gß SYM REACH LAD PHOTO
II. Q ÷ W (D) d`ksbZ ugÓ fud`¥rk gS CAL

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/784
 fuEuf¥f[r foU;kl d`kSulk LVsi
gksxk=
REACH LAD PHOTO SYM
CAL
(A) VI (B) V
(C) IV (D) III
13. ;fn fd`lh fn, gq, fuosæ d`h LVsi
VI ‘MAP IND PAK RUS ENG’
gS] rks fuosæ D;k gksxk=
(A) IND MAP PAK RUS ENG
(B) IND MAP ENG RUS PAK
(C) ENG RUS IND PAK MAP
(D) RUS MAP IND ENG PAK
14. fuEuf¥f[r fuosæ d`h LVsi VIII D;k
gksxh=
fuosæ`# BANK CRIS ATTRACT
WITH PRIZE
(A) PRIZE WITH CRIS
ATTRACT
(B) CRIS BANK PRIZE WITH
ATTRACT
(C) PRIZE WITH BANK
ATTRACT CRIS
(D) CRIS BANK ATTRACT
WITH PRIZE
15. d`kSuls LVsi eÍ geÍ ogh foU;kl ^kIr
gksxk] tksfd` fuosæ gS=
(A) VIII (B) IX
(C) X (D) XI
funsZæ—·^'u 16 l s 20 rd`‚ uhps
fn, gq, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ ,d` oDrO; fn;k
x;k gS ftlds` uhps rhu iwokZuqeku fn, x,
gß\ bu iwokZuqekukÍ d`ks I, II ,oa III vafd`r
fd`;k x;k gS\ fd`lh Hh iwokZuqeku d`ks ;nk-
d`nk eku ;k Lohd`kj d`j f¥;k tkrk gS\
vkid`ks oDrO; ,oa iwokZuqeku d`ks ÷;ku eÍ
j[d`j fu.Z; ¥suk gS fd` iwokZuqekukÍ eÍ ls
d`kSulk oDrO; eÍ vUrfuZfgr gS\ rc
fuf'pr d`juk gS (A), (B), (C) ;k (D) eÍ
ls d`kSulk m®j lgh gS=
16. oDrO; # fiN¥s lkr fnukÍ eÍ fVd`VkÍ
d`h fc∂`h d`ks ns[rs gq, ljd`l
vf|d`kfj;kÍ us [s¥ d`ks vx¥s iUnzg 19. oDrO; # fe(kÍ ds` ,d` lewg us ¥ksxkÍ
fnu rd` pk¥w j[us d`k fu.Z; f¥;k\
bueÍ lIrkgkÍ ds` vUr ds` nks fnu Hh
ækfe¥ gß\
iwokZuqeku #
I. ¥ksx lIrkg ds` vfUre fnukÍ eÍ
[s¥ ns[us ugÓ vk,axs\
II. ljd`l vkus ok¥s ¥ksxkÍ d`h
vkSlr la“;k ¥xHx ogh gksxh
tks fiN¥s lkr fnu ƒh\
III. nwljs LƒkukÍ ij i;kZIr ^frf∂`;k,a
ugÓ gkÍxh\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/785
(A) d`ksbZ Hh vUrfuZfgr ugÓ gS (B) ds`o¥ II vUrfuZfgr gS
(B) ds`o¥ II vUrfuZfgr gS (C) ds`o¥ I ,oa II vUrfuZfgr gß
(C) I ,oa II nksukÍ vUrfuZfgr gß (D) lHh vUrfuZfgr gß
(D) ds`o¥ III vUrfuZfgr gS 20. oDrO; # ∏rqjUr vkf|iR; ds` f¥,
17. oDrO; # Vs¥hœ`ksu d`Eiuh us xzkgd`kÍ U;k;k¥; ”s( eÍ ,d` nks æ;ud`”
d`ks uksfVl Hstd`j lwfpr fd`;k fd` Œ¥SV d`h vko';d`rk gSπ
tks ns; frfƒ rd` fc¥ d`k Hqxrku —,d` foKkiu\
ugÓ d`jÍxs muls ^R;sd` vnk;xh fnu iwokZuqeku #
ds` f¥, tqekZuk f¥;k tk,xk\ I. U;k;k¥; ”s( eÍ Œ¥SV mi¥C| gß\
iwokZuqeku # II. dq`N O;fDr foKkiu d`k tokc
I. vf|d`kaæ ¥ksx tqekZus ls cpus nÍxs\
ds` f¥, ns; frfƒ rd` vius III. bl ^d`kj ds` foKkiu nsus d`h
fc¥kÍ d`k Hqxrku d`j nÍxs\ ,d` ^ƒk gS\
II. tqekZus ds` Ôi eÍ bd`VΩBk fd`;k (A) ds`o¥ I ,oa II vUrfuZfgr gß
gqvk |u nsjh ls gq, Hqxrku ls (B) ds`o¥ II vUrfuZfgr gS
gqbZ gkfu d`ks iwjk d`j nsxk\
(C) ds`o¥ III vUrfuZfgr gS
III. ¥ksx lkekU;r# bl ^d`kj ds`
(D) lHh vUrfuZfgr gß
uksfVlkÍ d`h vksj ÷;ku nsrs gß\
(A) ds`o¥ I ,oa II vUrfuZfgr gß funsZæ—·^\ 21 vkS j 22‚ Δk~a[¥k d`ks
(B) ds`o¥ II ,oa III vUrfuZfgr gß iwjk d`hft,—
21. p q – r q p – q r r q – p – r r q p p
(C) ds`o¥ I ,oa III vUrfuZfgr gß
–r
(D) lHh vUrfuZfgr gß
(A) r q p q r (B) q p r r q
18. oDrO; # jkÆV_h; foekuokgd` us (C) q r p r p (D) r p p q q
Vkmu ‘A’ ls Vkmu ‘B’ d`h lkIrkfgd`
22. n n t – q q n – t t – q n n – t q –
ok;qlsok vkjEH d`jus d`k fu.Z; f¥;k
gS\ (A) n n q t q (B) q n t n q
(C) t n q t q (D) t t q t q
iwokZuqeku #
I. lapk¥u d`ks vkfƒZd` Ôi ls funsZæ—·^\ 23 vkSj 24‚ uhps nh gqbZ
O;ogk;Z cukus ds` f¥, i;kZIr lwpuk d`ks ÷;kuiwoZd` iÈ<d`j ^'ukÍ d`k
;k(h gkÍxs\ m®j nhft, —
P + Q ls rkRi;Z gS fd` P, Q d`k HkbZ gS«
II. vU; okgd` bl ^d`kj d`h lsok
vkjEH ugÓ d`jÍxs\ P – Q ls rkRi;Z gS fd` P, Q d`h cgu gS«
III. bu VkmukÍ ds` vkl-ikl jgus P × Q ls rkRi;Z gS fd` P, Q d`k firk gS«
ok¥s O;fDr gokbZ ;k(k d`k [pkZ ,oa
cnkZ'r d`j ld`rs gß\ P ÷ Q ls rkRi;Z gS fd` P, Q d`h ek∑ gS\
(A) ds`o¥ I vUrfuZfgr gS 23. A ÷ B – C × D, rc A gS D d`h—
(B) II ,oa III nksukÍ vUrfuZfgr gß (A) cgu (B) pkph
(C) I ,oa II nksukÍ vUrfuZfgr gß (C) ek∑ (D) nknh
(D) lHh vUrfuZfgr gß 24. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk ;g nækZrk
gS fd` V, Y d`h nknh gS=
V×R+K÷Y
d`h HhÈM ls cpus ds` f¥, vx¥s (A)
vod`kæ ds` le; ne nek ¥sd` (B) V÷R×K–Y
fid`fud` ij tkus d`k fu.Z; f¥;k\ (C) V÷R÷K×Y
iwokZuqeku # (D) V×R–K÷Y
I. lkekU;r# vf|d` ¥ksx ne nek 25. æCn STRAIGHT FORWARD eÍ
>h¥ ugÓ tkrs gß\ v”jkÍ ds` ,sls fd`rus ;qXe gß ftuds`
II. ¥ksx ne nek >h¥ ds` v¥kok chp eÍ v”jkÍ d`h la“;k vaxzsth d`h
vU; LƒkukÍ d`ks ilUn d`jrs gß\ o.Zek¥k eÍ mu v”jkÍ ds` chp ds`
III. cgqr ls ¥ksxkÍ d`ks ne nek >h¥ v”jkÍ d`h la“;k ds` cjkcj gS`=
ds` ckjs eÍ irk ugÓ gS\ (A) 4 (B) 5
(A) ds`o¥ I vUrfuZfgr gS (C) 6 (D) 7
 funsZæ—·^'u 26 ls 30 rd`‚ uhps fn, 34. P d`k iq( d`kSu gS= ¥s ¥srk gS ,oa T, Q d`k Lƒku ¥s ¥srk gS\
gq, ^'ukÍ eÍ] æCnkÍ eÍ ,d` fuf'pr lEcU| (A) B (B) C R d`h fLƒfr nksukÍ ∂`ekÍ eÍ ogh jgrh gS\ Q
gS\ vkid`k d`k;Z ml fod`Yi d`ks Kkr d`juk (C) D (D) E ds` ^kIrkad` ,d` ijh”. eÍ lcls d`e rƒk
gS ftlds` æCnkÍ eÍ ogh lEcU| gS\ nwljs eÍ lcls T;knk gß\ P ds` ^kIrkad`
35. R d`k iq( d`kSu gS= la“;kRed` ;ksX;rk eÍ R ls vf|d` gß\
26. nw| # eD[u (A) E (B) A
(A) ds`¥k # œ`¥ 46. lkekU; tkud`kjh eÍ fd`lus lcls
(C) B (D) D
(B) twl # LokLF; vf|d` vad` ^kIr fd`, gß=
(C) ¥d`ÈMh # d`kxt funsZæ—·^'u 36 ls 40 rd`‚ uhps nh (A) Q (B) T
(D) fepZ # elk¥s gqbZ ^R;sd` Δk~a[¥k eÍ nks in d`ksÆBd`kÍ eÍ (C) S (D) R
fn, x, gß\ m®j-i~ÆB eÍ vafd`r d`hft,—
27. gSV # æh"Z ifj|ku 47. la“;kRed` ;ksX;rk eÍ fd`lus lcls
(A) ;fn d`ksÆBd`kÍ eÍ fn, gq, nksukÍ in
(A) ækdZ` # eN¥h vf|d` vad` ^kIr fd`, gß=
lgh gß«
(B) exjePN # d`Nqvk (A) S (B) R
(B) ;fn ig¥s d`ksÆBd` eÍ fn;k gqvk in
(C) twrk # tqjkcÍ lgh gS ,oa nwljs d`ksÆBd` eÍ fn;k (C) P (D) Q
(D) nLrkuk # gkƒ gqvk in x¥r gS« 48. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l lewg ds`
28. ?ksÈMk # xk; (C) ;fn ig¥s d`ksÆBd` eÍ fn;k gqvk in ijh”kfƒZ;kÍ us viuh fLƒfr eÍ lkekU;
(A) nw| # vkbl∂`he x¥r gS ,oa nwljs d`ksÆBd` eÍ fn;k tkud`kjh eÍ la“;kRed` ;ksX;rk d`h
gqvk in lgh gS« ,oa vis”k lq|kj d`j f¥;k=
(B) eax¥ # pUnzek
(D) ;fn nksukÍ d`ksÆBd`kÍ eÍ fn, gq, in (A) SPT (B) PSR
(C) cœZ` # t¥
x¥r gß\ (C) QST (D) SPQ
(D) xq¥kch # uh¥k
36. 5, 17, (30), 73, 129, (225) 49. lkekU; tkud`kjh eÍ fd`lds` ^kIrkad`]
29. ck¥ # flj
37. 11, 29, (55), 89, (131), 181 R ds` lkekU; tkud`kjh eÍ ^kIrkad`kÍ ls
(A) nk∑r # eq∑g vf|d` gß=
38. 3, 12, 28, 32, (42), (57), 61, 70,
(B) pk;–if®;k∑ # ioZr <¥ku 86 (A) ds`o¥ P ds`
(C) gkƒ # ck∑g 39. 2, 3, 6, (11), 18, (27), 38 (B) P, Q ,oa S ds`
(D) iVjh # lÈMd` 40. 4, 14, (18), (24), 31, 36, 38, 48, (C) P, S ,oa T ds`
30. vxz # i'p 53 (D) P, Q ,oa T ds`
(A) vkd`kæ # vUrfj” funsZæ—·^'u 41 ls 45 rd`‚ uhps fn,
gq, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ v”jkÍ ds` pkj lewg funsZæ—·^'u 50 ls 54 rd`‚ fuEu-
(B) LĴ # leqnz
fn, x, gß\ bueÍ ls rhu fd`lh otg ls f¥f[r lwpuk d`ks ÷;ku ls iÈ<d`j fn, gq,
(C) m®j # nf”. ^'ukÍ ds ` m®j nhft,—
(D) psgjk # xnZu ,d` tSls gß] tcfd` ,d` ml otg ls vU;
rhukÍ ls fHUu gS\ fo"e d`ks Kkr d`hft,\ uhps fn, gq, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ nks lads`r
funsZæ— ·^'u 31 ls 35 rd`‚ ^'ukÍ æCn d`ksM Hk"k eÍ f¥[s x, gß\ d`ksM
ds` m®j nsus ds` f¥, fuEuf¥f[r lwpuk 41. (A) YNHIA (B) SGRFI lekud` ds` v”j vko';d` Ôi ls mlh
d`ks ÷;kuiwoZd` ifÈ<,— (C) ISEPU (D) FHUJU ∂`e eÍ ugÓ gß ftleÍ fd` lads`r æCn ds`
A, B, C, D ,oa E, P, Q, R, S ,oa T 42. (A) PROUD (B) DRIVER v”j gß ftuds` os ^rhd` gß\ muds` uhps
ds` iq( gß] ijUrq blh ∂`e eÍ ugÓ\ uhps nh (C) WHEAT (D) TRAIN ,d` rhljk æCn fn;k x;k gS ftld`ks pkj
gqbZ lwpuk ds` vk|kj ij lgh ek∑ ,oa iq( fofHUu d`ksM Hk"kvkÍ eÍ ml Hk"k d`ks Hh
d`k fe¥ku d`hft,— 43. (A) CXHIA (B) RCFGL lfEef¥r d`jrs gq, ftleÍ lads`r æCn
Q, B ;k C d`h ek∑ ugÓ gS\ A ;k E d`h
(C) MTOWF (D) CPRSV f¥[s x, gß] f¥[k x;k gS\ og fod`Yi
ek∑ T ugÓ gS\ C, R d`k iq( ugÓ gS\ E, Q ;k 44. (A) JOT (B) OUT Kkr d`hft, tks lads`r æCn ds` d`ksM eÍ
S d`k iq( ugÓ gS rƒk mld`h ek∑ d`k uke (C) TEN (D) DIN rhljs æCn d`k d`ksM lekud` gks\ ogh
‘R’ v”j ls vkjEH ugÓ gksrk gS\ A d`h vkid`k m®j gS\
45. (A) HR (B) GT
ek∑ Q ;k R ugÓ gS\ (C) KP (D) FU 50. MASTER bnpqvx
31. S d`k iq( d`kSu gS= funsZæ—·^'u 46 l s 49 rd`‚ fuEu- SECOND abjnow
(A) A (B) B f¥f[r lwpuk d`ks ÷;ku ls iÈ<d`j mlds` NORTH
(C) C (D) D uhps fn, gq, ^'ukÍ d`k m®j nhft,— (A) abnvx (B) bnqvx
32. C d`h ek∑ d`kSu gS= ;fn ik∑p ijh”kƒhZ P, Q, R, S ,oa T (C) amvwx (D) abnwx
(A) P (B) R d`h fLƒfr;kÍ d`ks muds` la“;kRed` ;ksX;rk 51. STEAL fjkps
(C) S (D) T eÍ ^kIrkad`kÍ ds` cÈ<rs gq, ∂`e eÍ ∂`ec* EARN fnpt
fd`;k tk,] rks T pkSƒk ,oa S ^ƒe gS\ tc
33. Q d`k iq( d`kSu gS= mud`h fLƒfr;kÍ d`ks muds ` lkekU; BLEAK
(A) A (B) D tkud`kjh eÍ ^kIrkad`kÍ ds` cÈ<rs gq, ∂`e eÍ (A) fgjmp (B) gnkpt
(C) B (D) E ∂`ec* fd`;k tkrk gS] rks P, T d`k Lƒku (C) fgjkp (D) fjnps

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/786
52. COLUMN aioqrw m®j O;k“;k lfgr
BIRTH gmtvx
LENGTH
(A) grtuvx (B) aimvwy
(C) mrstwx (D) kmnrvw
53. POSTMAN bfglrvz
OMEN dfrz
NORTH
(A) bclrz (B) bcfoz
(C) dfrvz (D) dfgrz
54. RAISE nprtu
CLASH bruxy
SLATE
(A) mruxy (B) mnruy
(C) nprty (D) npruy
55. fd`lh d`ksM eÍ CAMEL d`ks XPOGT
,oa RABBITS d`ks YPUULFZ
f¥[k x;k gS\ ml d`ksM eÍ AIR-
MAIL d`ks D;k f¥[k tk,xk=
(A) PIYOPLT (B) PLYOPTL
(C) PLROPLT (D) PLYOPLT
funsZæ—·^'u 5 6 ls 6 0 rd`‚ uhps
fn, gq, ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ] pkjkÍ oSd`fYid`
lewgkÍ eÍ ls la“;kvkÍ d`k og lewg Nk∑fV,
tks fn, gq, lewg tSlk gS—
56. fn;k gqvk lSV # (12, 123, 25)
(A) (16, 129, 30)
(B) (16, 117, 25)
(C) (8, 77, 15)
(D) (8, 121, 35)
57. fn;k gqvk lSV # (46, 57, 68)
(A) (35, 64, 38)
(B) (26, 44, 62)
(C) (28, 48, 74)
(D) (45, 56, 48)
58. fn;k gqvk lSV # (36, 64, 84)
(A) (24, 45, 58)
(B) (32, 68, 82)
(C) (28, 62, 76)
(D) (16, 25, 54)
59. fn;k gqvk lSV # (194, 142, 98)
(A) (158, 134, 92)
(B) (62, 34, 14)
(C) (184, 128, 78)
(D) (74, 38, 18)
60. fn;k gqvk lSV # (34, 50, 66)
(A) (50, 68, 86)
(B) (38, 50, 76)
(C) (36, 50, 78)
(D) (50, 64, 98)

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/787
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^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/790
 LVsV cßd` vkWœ` bf≥M;k foæs"K vf|d`kjh ijh{kk] 26-7-2009 d`k g¥ iz'u-i(
rdZ`æfDr ijh”k·Le~fr ij
01. ELRU ds` v”jkÍ ls vaxzsth ds` fd`rus
vƒZ iw.Z æCn cu ld`rs gß tc fd`
^R;sd` æCn eÍ ^R;sd` v”j flœZ` ,d`
ckj ^;ksx fd`;k tk,=
(A) ,d` Hh ugÓ (B) ,d`
(C) nks (D) rhu
(E) rhu ls vf|d`
02. æCn STAPLER eÍ ,sls fd`rus v”j–
;qXe gß ftueÍ ^R;sd` ds` chp mrus gh
v”j gß ftrus fd` vaxzsth o.Zek¥k eÍ
muds` chp gksrs gß=
(A) ,d` Hh ugÓ (B) ,d`
(C) nks (D) rhu
(E) rhu ls vf|d`
03. uhps fn, x, ik∑p eÍ ls d`ksbZ pkj
fd`lh ^d`kj leku gß rƒk ,d` lewg
d`h jpuk d`jrs gß\ d`kSulk ,d` ml
lewg ds` vUrxZr ugÓ vkrk`=
(A) Magenta (B) Purple
(C) Pink (D) Grey
(E) Blue
04. ;fn fd`lh lkads`frd` Hk"k eÍ DOUBT
d`ks 53146 rƒk TEAM d`ks 6972
f¥[k tkrk gS rks mlh Hk"k eÍ
ABODE d`ks fd`l ^d`kj f¥[k
tk,xk=
(A) 74659 (B) 73459
(C) 75439 (D) 74359
(E) bueÍ ls
d`ksbZ ugÓ
05. uhps fn, x, ik∑p eÍ ls d`ksbZ pkj
fd`lh ^d`kj leku gß rƒk vr# ,d`
lewg d`h jpuk d`jrs gß\ d`kSulk ,d`
ml lewg ds` vUrxZr ugÓ vkrk gS=
(A) Sitar (B) Flute
(C) Violin (D) Santoor
(E) Sarod
06. ;fn la“;k 69143875 ds` vad`kÍ d`ks
?Vrs ∂`e eÍ f¥[k tk, rks fd`rus
vad`kÍ d`h fLƒfr eÍ ifjorZu ugÓ gksxk=
(A) ,d` Hh ugÓ (B) ,d`
(C) nks (D) rhu
(E) rhu ls vf|d`
07. ;fn fd`lh lkads`frd` Hk"k eÍ ‘where
are you’ d`ks ‘pit ka ta’; ‘are they
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/791
12.
mi;qZâ` O;oLƒk eÍ ,sls fd`rus O;Utu
gß ftueÍ ls ^R;sd` ds` Bhd` ig¥s d`ksbZ
lads`r gks rƒk Bhd` ckn eÍ d`ksbZ la“;k
vk|kfjr‚
gks=
(A) ,d` Hh ugÓ (B) ,d`
(C) nks (D) rhu
(E) rhu ls vf|d`
there’ d`ks ‘sa da ka’ rƒk ‘they 13. mi;qZâ` O;oLƒk eÍ ,slh fd`ruh la“;k,a
may come’ d`ks ‘da na ja’ f¥[k gß ftueÍ ls ^R;sd` ds` Bhd` ig¥s
tkrk gS rks mlh Hk"k eÍ ‘there’ ds` d`ksbZ O;Utu gks rƒk Bhd` ckn eÍ Hh
f¥, D;k dw`V gS= d`ksbZ O;Utu gks=
(A) da (A) ,d` Hh ugÓ (B) ,d`
(B) sa (C) nks (D) rhu
(C) ka
(E) rhu ls vf|d`
(D) tkud`kjh v|wjh gS
14. ;fn mi;qZâ` O;oLƒk eÍ ls lHh lads`r
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
gVk fn, tk,a rks nkbÛ vksj ls 12ok∑
08. ;fn fd`lh lkads`frd` Hk"k eÍ rRo d`kSulk gksxk`=
‘DOCUMENTS’ ds` f¥, (A) Q (B) 6
‘VDPENRSMD’ f¥[k tkrk gS rks
(C) 2 (D) T
mlh Hk"k eÍ ‘ADVERTISE’ d`ks
fd`l ^d`kj f¥[Íxs= (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(A) FWEBSDRHS funsZæ%·^'u 15 ls 18 rd`‚ uhps fn,
x, ^R;s d` ^'u eÍ rhu d`ƒu vkSj mlds`
(B) FWENSSHRD
rhu fuÆd`"Z I, II vkSj III fn, x, gß\
(C) BEDFSDRHS
vkid`ks fn, x, rhukÍ d`ƒukÍ d`ks lR; ekuuk
(D) FWEBSFMLD
gS H¥s gh os loZKkr rF;kÍ ls fHUu ^rhr
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ gksrs gkÍ\ lHh fuÆd`"ksÛ d`ks ifÈ<, fœ`j r;
09. fuEuf¥f[r v”j Js.h eÍ vx¥k d`hft, fd` fn, x, fuÆd`"ksÛ eÍ ls d`kSulk
v”j D;k gksxk= fuÆd`"Z fn, x, d`ƒukÍ d`k rdZ`laxr Ôi ls
ABCDEFZYXWVUAB vuq lj. d`jrk gS] pkgs loZKkr rF; dq`N
Hh gkÍ \
CDEZYXVUABCDEZ
YXWV 15. d`ƒu% lHh LVksj Vksd`fj;k∑ gß\
(A) U (B) A dq`N Vksd`fj;k∑ NfÈM;k∑ gß\
(C) B (D) Z lHh NfÈM;k∑ psuÍ gß\
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ fuÆd`"Z%
10. P, Q, R, S vkSj T eÍ ls ^R;sd` ds` I. dq`N psuÍ LVksj gß\
^kIrkad` v¥x–v¥x gß\ Q ds` ^kIrkad` II. dq`N NfÈM;k∑ LVksj gß\
ds`o¥ T ls vf|d` gß rƒk P ds ` III. dq`N psuÍ Vksd`fj;k∑ gß\
^kIrkad` S ls vf|d` ijUrq R ls d`e
(A) d`ksbZ vuqlj. ugÓ d`jrk gS
gß\ lcls vf|d` ^kIrkad` fd`lds` gß=
(B) ds`o¥ I vuqlj. d`jrk gS
(A) P (B) S
(C) ds`o¥ II vuqlj. d`jrk gS
(C) R (D) T
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (D) ds`o¥ III vuqlj. d`jrk gS
(E) ds`o¥ II o III vuqlj. d`jrs gß
funsZæ%·^'u 11 ls 14 rd`‚ ^R;sd`
^'u uhps nh xbZ Js.h ij vk|kfjr gS\ 16. d`ƒu% dq`N MsLd` dq`flZ;k∑ gß\
7M4P%JV1K3@EW2Q©6 lHh dq`flZ;k∑ jfLl;k∑ gß\
TA★8ZI5$FU#9HN dq`N jfLl;k∑ nhokjÍ gß\
11. mi;qZâ` O;oLƒk eÍ ckbÛ vksj ls 19oÍ fuÆd`"Z % I. dq`N jfLl;k∑ MsLd` gß\
rRo ds` ckbÛ vksj 6ok∑ rRo D;k gS= II. dq`N nhokjÍ dq`flZ;k∑ gß\
(A) $ (B) T III. dq`N jfLl;k∑ dq`flZ;k∑ gß\
(C) W (D) A (A) ds`o¥ I o II vuqlj. d`jrs gß
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (B) ds`o¥ I o III vuqlj. d`jrs gß
 (C) ds`o¥ II o III vuqlj. d`jrs gß
(D) I, II o III lHh vuqlj. d`jrs gß ds` vuqlkj] fuEuf¥f[r ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ fn,
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
17. d`ƒu% lHh d`ejs rkjÍ gß\
lHh rkjÍ lÈMdÍ` gß\
lHh lÈMdÍ` d`kjÍ gß\
fuÆd`"Z% I. dq`N d`kjÍ d`ejs gß\
II. dq`N lÈMdÍ` d`ejs gß\
III. dq`N d`kjÍ rkjÍ gß\
(A) ds`o¥ I o II vuqlj. d`jrs gß
(B) ds`o¥ II o III vuqlj. d`jrs gß 20. ,d` buiqV d`k pj. II gS #
(C) ds`o¥ I o III vuqlj. d`jrs gß
(D) I, II o III lHh vuqlj. d`jrs gß
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
18. d`ƒu% lHh est iÍfl¥Í gß\
d`ksbZ iÍfl¥ ckWDl ugÓ gS\
dq`N ckWDl eSV gß\
fuÆd`"Z% I. dq`N eSV iÍfl¥Í gß\
II. dq`N ckWDl est gß\
III. dq`N eSV est gß\
(A) d`ksbZ vuqlj. ugÓ d`jrk gS
(B) ds`o¥ I vuqlj. d`jrk gS
(C) ds`o¥ II vuqlj. d`jrk gS
(D) ds`o¥ III vuqlj. d`jrk gS
(E) ds`o¥ I o II vuqlj. d`jrs gß
funsZæ%·^'u 19 ls 24 rd`‚ fuEu-
f¥f[r tkud`kjh d`ks ÷;ku ls ifÈ<, vkSj
fn, x, ^'ukÍ ds` m®j nhft,\
æCn vkSj la“;k O;oLƒk d`h ,d` 22. buiqV #
eæhu d`ks tc æCnkÍ vkSj la“;kvkÍ d`h
,d` buiqV ¥kbu nh tk, rks og ^R;sd`
pj. eÍ ,d` [kl fu;e d`k ik¥u d`jrs
gq, mUgÍ iquO;ZofLƒr d`jrh gS\ uhps
buiqV vkSj iquO;ZoLƒk d`k ,d` mnkgj.
fn;k x;k gS\
buiqV jug 91 stable 24 46 32 over
cake
pj. I 91 jug stable 24 46 32 over
cake
pj. II 91 cake jug stable 24 46 32 23. ,d` buiqV d`k pj. II gS #
over
pj.``III 91 cake 46 jug stable 24 32
over
pj.``IV 91 cake 46 jug 32 stable 24
over
pj. V 91 cake 46 jug 32 over
stable 24
pj.``VI 91 cake 46 jug 32 over 24
stable
vkSj pj. VI iquO;ZoLƒk d`k vfUre
pj. gS\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/792
mi;qZâ` pj.kÍ eÍ viuk, x, fu;ekÍ (A) pkj (B) ik∑p
(C) N# (D) lkr
x, buiqV ds` f¥, mfpr pj. d`k irk (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
¥xkb,\
funsZæ%·^'u 25 ls 30 rd`‚ fuEu-
19. buiqV #
f¥f[r ^'ukÍ eÍ ★, $, %, @ vkSj © ^rhd`kÍ
break 72 pot new 28 36 17 store d`k uhps crk, vuqlkj fuEuf¥f[r vƒksÛ eÍ
fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls vfUre ls ig¥k ^;ksx fd`;k x;k gS%
pj. d`kSulk gksxk= ‘P $ Q’ d`k vƒZ gS ‘P, Q ls NksVk ugÓ
(A) IV (B) V gS’\
(C) VI (D) VII ‘P % Q’ d`k vƒZ gS ‘P, Q ls cÈMk ugÓ
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ gS’\
‘P @ Q’ d`k vƒZ gS ‘P, Q ls u rks
86 and 12 16 38 gone now far NksVk gS u cjkcj ’\
iquO;ZoLƒk d`ks iwjk d`jus ds` f¥, ‘P © Q’ d`k vƒZ gS ‘P, Q ls u rks
vkSj fd`rus pj. pkfg,`= cÈ M k gS u cjkcj’\
(A) rhu (B) pkj ‘P ★ Q’ d`k vƒZ gS ‘P, Q ls u rks
(C) ik∑p (D) N# cÈMk gS u NksVk ’\
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ vc fuEuf¥f[r ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ fn,
x, d`ƒukÍ d`ks lR; ekurs gq, irk ¥xkb,
21. ,d` buiqV d`k pj. III gS\
fd` muds` uhps fn, x, rhu fuÆd`"Z I, II
75 bond 69 12 yes town go 36 vkSj III eÍ ls d`kSulk fuf'pr Ôi ls lR;
fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk fuf'pr gS vkSj rnuqlkj viuk m®j nhft,\
Ôi ls buiqV gS= 25. d`ƒu% K @ T, T $ R, R ★ J
(A) 12 yes bond 75 69 ti wn go
36 fuÆd`"Z% I. J ★ T
II. J © T
(B) bond 12 69 yes town go 36
75 III. R©K
(C) 69 bond 75 12 yes town go (A) ds`o¥ I lR; gS
36
(B) ds`o¥ II lR; gS
(D) fu|kZfjr ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk (C) ds`o¥ III lR; gS
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (D) ds`o¥ ;k rks I ;k II o III lR; gß
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
32 for all get 12 19 high 45
26. d`ƒu% D © R, R % F, F @ E
fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls pj. IV d`kSu lk
fuÆd`"Z% I. E © R
gksxk=
II. F @ D
(A) 45 32 for all get 12 19 high
III. F $ D
(B) 45 all 32 for get 12 19 high
(C) 45 all 32 for 19 get 12 high (A) ds`o¥ I lR; gS
(D) ,slk d`ksbZ pj. ugÓ gksxk (B) ds`o¥ II lR; gS
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (C) ds`o¥ III lR; gS
(D) ds`o¥ I o II lR; gß
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
59 come sow time 15 20 you 38
fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk vfUre 27. d`ƒu% M ★ D, D $ T, T @ N
pj. gksxk= fuÆd`"Z% I. N © D
(A) IV (B) VI II. T % M
(C) V (D) VII III. N © M
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (A) ds`o¥ I o II lR; gß
24. buiqV # (B) ds`o¥ II lR; gß
new coat buy 16 23 49 tower 84 (C) ds`o¥ II o III lR; gß
iquO;ZoLƒk d`ks iwjk d`jus ds ` f¥, vkSj (D) ds`o¥ I o III lR; gß
fd`rus pj. pkfg,= (E) I, II o III lHh lR; gß
28. d`ƒu% W $ H, H @ M, M % T 33. RPIUBL 37. ‘D’ d`kSulh vkbVe fd`l fnu ^næZu
fuÆd`"Z% I. T @ H (A) 19$@#3 (B) 39$@#1 d`jrk gS=
II. M % W (C) ©9$@#© (D) 39$@#3 (A) fefe∂`h % lkseokj
III. T @ W (B) laxhr % eax¥okj
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(A) d`ksbZ lR; ugÓ gS (C) ukVd` % cq|okj
34. JQEBFI
(B) ds`o¥ I lR; gS (D) Lihp % lkseokj
(A) 6★4#2$ (B) $★4#2$
(C) ds`o¥ II lR; gS (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(C) 6★4#26 (D) $★4#26
(D) ds`o¥ III lR; gS 38. ‘A’ lIrkg ds` fd`l fnu ^næZu d`jrk
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(E) ds`o¥ II o III lR; gß gS=
35. UHFRND (A) eax¥okj (B) cq|okj
29. d`ƒu% B % R, R @ K, K $ N
(A) @%217↑ (B) ©%217↑ (C) æq∂`okj (D) æfuokj
fuÆd`"Z% I. N © R
II. N % R (C) ↑%217↑ (D) @%217@ (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
III. N © B (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 39. ‘G’ lIrkg ds` fd`l fnu ^næZu d`jrk
(A) d`ksbZ lR; ugÓ gS funsZæ%·^'u 36 ls 40 rd`‚ bu ^'ukÍ gS=
(B) ds`o¥ III lR; gS d`k m®j ns u s ds ` f¥, bl tkud`kjh d`ks ÷;ku (A) cq|okj
(C) ds`o¥ I lR; gS ls ifÈ < ,\ (B) æfuokj
lkr fe( A, B, C, D, E, F o G (C) eax¥okj
(D) ds`o¥ I o II lR; gß
lkseokj ls jfookj rd` v¥x–v¥x fnu (D) fu|kZfjr ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk
(E) ds`o¥ II lR; gS LVst æks d`k ^næZu d`jrs gß] ¥sfd`u
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
30. d`ƒu% J © D, D ★ H, H % F tÔjh ugÓ fd` mlh ∂`e eÍ\ ^R;sd` ,d`
fuÆd`"Z% I. H @ J fHUu vkbVe fn[krk gS ;ƒk laxhr] u~R;] 40. ‘okn–fookn’ d`k ^næZu d`kSu d`jrk gS=
II. F $ D fefe∂`h] ukVd`] okn–fookn] Lihp vkSj (A) B (B) D
III. F @ J eksuks¥kWx] ¥sfd`u tÔjh ugÓ fd` mlh ∂`e eÍ (C) F (D) C
‘B’ xq:okj d`ks ‘ukVd`’ d`k ^næZu d`jrk
(A) ds`o¥ I o II lR; gß (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
gS vkSj ‘E’ jfookj d`ks ‘laxhr’ d`k\ ‘G’
(B) ds`o¥ I o III lR; gß ‘fefe∂`h’ d`k ^næZu eax¥okj ;k æfuokj funsZæ%·^'u 41 ls 45 rd`‚ egRoiw.Z
(C) ds`o¥ II o III lR; gß d`ks ugÓ d`jrk gS\ ‘C’ d`k ^næZu ‘G’ ds` ^'ukÍ ds` ckjs eÍ fu.Z; d`jrs le; ‘Bksl’
(D) I, II o III lHh lR; gß ^næZu ds` vx¥s fnu gksrk gS\ ‘D’ viuk vkSj ‘d`etksj’ rdZ` eÍ ^Hsn d`j ld`uk
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ ^næZu lkseokj d`ks d`jrk gS ¥sfd`u og okaNuh; gksrk gS\ ‘Bksl’ rdZ ` egRoiw.Z vkSj
^'u ls lh|s lEcfU|r gksrs gß\ ‘d`etksj’
funsZæ%·^'u 31 ls 35 rd`‚ bueÍ ls ^R;sd` ^'u eÍ ,d` v”j lewg vkSj mlds` rdZ` d`e egRoiw.Z gksrs gß vkSj ^'u ls lh|s
ckn vad`kÍ vkSj ^rhd`kÍ ds` pkj la;kstu (A), (B), (C) o (D) fn, x, gß\ v”jkÍ d`ks lEcfU|r ugÓ Hh gks ld`rs gß ;k fœ`j
uhps nh xbZ ;kstuk vkSj ærksÛ ds` vuqlkj vad`kÍ/^rhd`kÍ ds` d`ksM fn, tk,axs\ vkid`ks irk ^'u ds` fd`lh ux≥; ig¥w ls lEcfU|r gks
¥xkuk gS fd` d`kSulk la;kstu v”jkÍ ds` lewg d`k lgh <ax ls fuÔi. d`jrk gS vkSj ld`rs gß\
rnuqlkj viuk m®j nækZuk gS\ ;fn d`ksbZ Hh la;kstu lgh u gks rks vkid`k m®j gksxk uhps fn, x, ^R;sd` ^'u ds` ckn nks
(E) vƒkZrΩ ‘bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ’\
rdZ` I vkSj II fn, x, gß\ vkid`ks ;g r;
v”j # L T B E F R P H I J N A Q D U d`juk gS fd` d`kSulk rdZ` ‘Bksl’ gS vkSj
vad`/^rhd` d`ksM # 3 5 # 4 2 1 9 % $ 6 7 8 ★ ↑ @ d`kSulk rdZ` ‘d`etksj’ gS\ m®j nhft,%
ærksÛ% (A) ;fn ds`o¥ rdZ` I Bksl gS\
(i) ;fn ig¥k v”j Loj gS vkSj vfUre v”j O;atu gS] rks muds` d`ksM ijLij cn¥ (B) ;fn ds`o¥ rdZ` II Bksl gS\
tk,axs (C) ;fn ;k rks rdZ` I ;k rdZ` II Bksl gS\
(ii) ;fn ig¥k vkSj vfUre v”j Loj gS] nksukÍ d`ks © d`ksM fn;k tk,xk\ (D) ;fn u rks rdZ` I vkSj u gh rdZ` II
(iii) ;fn ig¥k v”j O;atu gS vkSj vfUre v”j Loj gS] rks nksukÍ d`ks Loj d`k d`ksM Bksl gS\
fn;k tk,xk\ (E) ;fn rdZ` I vkSj rdZ` II nksukÍ Bksl gß\
31. TFJNLA ‘u~R;’ ;k ‘okn–fookn’ ugÓ d`jrk\ `‘A’ 41. d`ƒu%D;k ljd`kj d`ks futh ^;ksx
(A) 526738 (B) 526735 ‘eksuks¥kWx’ fn[krk gS tks ‘Lihp’ ds` vx¥s ds` f¥, d`kjkÍ d`h jftLV_sæu d`ks iwjs nsæ
(C) 826738 (D) 826735 fnu gks r k gS\ ‘u~ R;’ d`k ^næZu æfuokj d`ks eÍ rRd`k¥ ^Hko ls jksd` nsuk pkfg,=
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ ugÓ gks r k\ rdZ`%
I. ugÓ] ljd`kj d`ks ,slk d`jus d`k
32. EFUHDI 36. ‘u~R;’ d`kSu d`jrk gS=
^kf|d`kj ugÓ gS\
(A) 42@%↑$ (B) $2@%↑$ (A) C (B) F II. gk∑] Hkjr ds` cÈMs ægjkÍ d`h
(C) 42@%↑4 (D) ©2@%↑© (C) D (D) C ;k D lÈMd`kÍ ij HhÈM d`e d`jus d`k
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ ;gh ,d`ek( rjhd`k gS\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/793
42. d`ƒu%D;k Hkjr ds` lHh futh
vLirk¥kÍ d`k ^cU|u ljd`kj d`ks
vius gkƒ eÍ ¥s ¥suk pkfg,=
rdZ`%
I. gk∑] blls bu vLirk¥kÍ }kjk
jksfx;kÍ d`ks nh tkus ok¥h lsok eÍ
d`kœ`h T;knk lq|kj gksxk\
II. ugÓ] bu vLirk¥kÍ d`k ^cU|
d`jus ds` ljd`kj ds` ikl i;kZIr
fo®h; vkSj ekuo lalk|u ugÓ gß\
43. d`ƒu%D;k ljd`kj d`ks Hkjr d`h lHh
cÈMh ufn;kÍ ij cgqr ls LƒkukÍ ij cÈMs
ck∑| cukus pkfg,=
rdZ`%
I. ugÓ] blls lkjs nsæ d`k bd`ks–
flLVe cckZn gks tk,xk\
II. gk∑] iwjs nsæ eÍ ¯lpkbZ ds` f¥,
i;kZIr t¥–vkiwfrZ lqfuf'pr gks
tk,xh\
44. d`ƒu%D;k ljd`kj d`ks ¥kH d`ekus
ok¥s lkoZtfud` ”s( ds` lHh mi∂`ekÍ
eÍ viuh fgLlsnkjh ds` cÈMs fgLls d`ks
csp nsuk pkfg,=
rdZ`%
I. ugÓ] ljd`kj d`ks bu mi∂`ekÍ
d`k fu;a(. ugÓ NksÈMuk pkfg,]
D;kÍfd` ;s ¥kH d`ekus ok¥h
laLƒk,a gß\
II. gk∑] blls ljd`kj d`ks foæk¥
ctVh; ?kVs d`ks d`e d`jus vkSj
vius lalk|ukÍ d`ks cÈ<kus eÍ
enn fe¥sxh\
45. d`ƒu%D;k Hkjr ds` lHh bathfu;¯jx
d`kW¥stkÍ ds` f¥, nkf[¥s d`k ,d`Ôi
ekunaM gksuk pkfg,=
rdZ`%
I. gk∑] blls bathfu;¯jx d`kW¥stkÍ
eÍ nkf[¥ gq, Nk(kÍ d`h xq.o®k
lqfuf'pr gksxh\
II. ugÓ] ;g foæs"d`j lEHo ugÓ gS\
funsZæ%·^'u 46 ls 50 rd`‚ uhps
,d` ifjPNsn fn;k x;k gS vkSj mlds` uhps
ml ifjPNsn eÍ fn, x, rF;kÍ ds` vk|kj
ij fud`k¥s tk ld`us ok¥s dq`N lEHkfor
vuqeku fn, x, gß\ vki gj ,d` vuqeku
d`h ifjPNsn ds` lUnHZ eÍ v¥x–v¥x
ijh”k d`j mld`h lR;rk ;k vlR;rk d`h
ek(k fuf'pr d`hft,\ m®j nhft,%
(A) ;fn vuqeku ∏fuf'pr Ôi ls lR;∏
gS vƒkZrΩ og fn, x, rF;kÍ d`k
mfpr Ôi ls vuqlj. d`jrk gS\
(B) ;fn vuqeku ∏lEHor# lR; gSπ
;»fi fn, x, rF;kÍ ds` lUnHZ eÍ
∏fuf'pr Ôi ls lR;π ugÓ gS\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/794
(C) ;fn ∏fn, gq, rF; d`kœ`h ugÓ gßπ
vƒkZrΩ fn, gq, rF;kÍ ls vuqeku
lR; gS vƒok vlR; ;g vki ugÓ
d`g ld`rs gß\
(D) ;fn vuqeku ∏lEHor# vlR;π gS
;»fi fn, x, rF;kÍ ds` lUnHZ eÍ
∏fuf'pr Ôi ls vlR;π ugÓ gS\
(E) ;fn vuqeku ∏fuf'pr Ôi ls vlR;π
gS vƒkZrΩ fn, gq, rF;kÍ d`k lEHor#
vuqlj. ugÓ d`jrk gS vƒok og
fn, x, rF;kÍ ds` foijhr tkrk gS\
lkgwd`kjkÍ ds` ;qxkÍ–iqjkus H; us Hkjrh;kÍ
eÍ ,d` LokHkfod` fo®h; vuqæklu iSnk
d`j fn;k gS\ ¥sfd`u fiN¥s pkj o"ksÛ eÍ gq,
vR;f|d` fod`kl ls cgqrkÍ ds` eu eÍ lqj”k
d`h feF;k Hkouk ?j d`j xbZ gS vkSj mu
ij d`tZ ikæ eÍ œa`lus d`k [rjk iSnk gks
x;k gS\ cktkjkÍ ds` Œ¥ks¯Vx nj ok¥s nkSj eÍ
^osæ d`jus ds` ckn m|kjd`rkZvkÍ ds` tksf[e
d`bZ xq.k cÈ< x, gß vkSj fo®h; uohurk ds`
lkƒ cuk, x, mRiknkÍ] ls mud`h ns;rk,a
æqÔvkrh m|kjkÍ ls d`kœ`h T;knk cÈ< xbZ gß\
Hkoh m|kjd`rkZ æk;n vius iwoZofrZ;kÍ }kjk
vrhr eÍ d`h xbZ x¥fr;kÍ ls d`ksbZ lcd` ¥s
ldÍ`\
46. ig¥s ds` m|kjnkrkvkÍ us m|kjd`rkZvkÍ
d`ks fo®h; lqj”k ^nku d`h\
47. Œ¥ks¯Vx C;kt nj ij )`. ¥sus ij
m|kjd`rkZvkÍ d`ks tksf[e vf|d` gksrk
gS\
48. u, fo®h; mRikn m|kjd`rkZvkÍ d`h
ns;rk d`e d`j nsrs gß\
49. Hkoh m|kjd`rkZvkÍ d`ks m|kj ¥sus ls
ig¥s nwljkÍ ds` vuqHo ls lh[us d`h
tÔjr gS\
50. vkd`"Zd` fo®h; mRikn m|kjd`rkZvkÍ
ij d`e cks> Mk¥rs gß\
m®j O;k“;k lfgr
 xqÈMxk∑o xzkeh. cßd` vkWœ`hllZ ijh”k] 12-7-2009 d`k g¥ ^'u-i( 18. ,d` la“;k d`k 60% ,d` nwljh la“;k
d`k pkj cVk ik∑p gS\ ig¥h vkSj nwljh
la“;k ds` chp d`k ∂`eæ# vuqikr D;k
la“;kRed` vfH;ksX;rk ·Le~fr ij vk|kfjr‚
gS=
(A) 3 : 4 (B) 3 : 5
(C) 5 : 3 (D) 2 : 3
(E) bueÍ ls
d`ksbZ ugÓ
funsZæ%·^'u 1 ls 10 rd`‚ fuEu- 10. 180 ds` 7 ds` 8 d`k 4 = ?
8 9 7 19. 4 cSx vkSj 3 ckWDl d`h d`her 555
f¥f[r ^'ukÍ eÍ ^'ufpÕ (?) ds` Lƒku ij :\ gS vkSj 3 cSx vkSj 4 ckWDl d`h
D;k vk,xk= (A) 72 (B) 66
d`her 460 :\ gS\ 1 cSx d`h d`her
(C) 60 (D) 80 D;k gS=
01. 600 d`k 45% + 480 d`k ?% = 390
(E) bueÍ ls d`ks b Z ugÓ (A) 120 :\ (B) 150 :\
(A) 20 (B) 25
(C) 30 (D) 40 funsZæ%·^'u 11 ls 15 rd`‚ fuEu- (C) 140 :\ (D) 160 :\
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ f¥f[r la“;k Δk~a[¥k eÍ ^'ufpÕ (?) ds` (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
2 1 2 Lƒku ij D;k vk,xk= 20. A vkSj B fe¥d`j ,d` d`ke 12 fnu
02. 4 + 7 – 5 = ?
3 6 9 11. 8, 12, 18, ?, 40·5 eÍ iwjk d`j ld`rs gß\ vds`¥k A blh
2 2 (A) 24 (B) 27 d`ke d`ks 18 fnu eÍ iwjk d`j ld`rk
(A) 6 (B) 6
3 9 (C) 26 (D) 28 gS\ vds`¥k B ;g d`ke fd`rus fnu eÍ
11 7 iwjk d`j ld`rk gS=
(C) 6 (D) 6 (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
18 18 (A) 24 (B) 36
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 12. 13, 22, 52, 165, ?
(C) 18 (D) 30
(A) 648 (B) 468
03. 252 ÷ 7 × 139 = ? (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(C) 334 (D) 668
(A) 4904 (B) 5104 21. Ld`kslZ ds` fuEuf¥f[r lsV ds` vkSlr
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(C) 5014 (D) 5004 d`k irk ¥xkb,%
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 13. 7, 8, 18, 57, ? 72, 81, 93, 69, 75, 87, 63, 84, 78
(A) 232 (B) 228
04. 1260 ÷ 14 ÷ 9 = ? (A) 83 (B) 82
(A) 10 (B) 810 (C) 234 (D) 226 (C) 76 (D) 78
(C) 81 (D) 9 (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 14. 7, 11, 19, 35, ? 22. 250 ehVj ¥Ech ,d` V_su ,d` flXu¥
7 10 (A) 71 (B) 69 ds` [EHs d`ks 15 lsd`≥M eÍ ikj d`jrh
05. 3 × 1 + 5 = ?
9 17 (C) 65 (D) 73 gS\ V_su d`h xfr fd`rus fd`eh/^fr
(A) 6 (B) 15 (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ ?≥Vk gS=
(C) 11 (D) 9 (A) 48 (B) 60
15. 5, 11, 23, ?, 95
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (C) 72 (D) 64
(A) 45 (B) 49
06. 136 × 12 × 8 = ? (C) 47 (D) 46 (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(A) 12066 (B) 13064 (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ 23. 12 I¥sV vkSj 9 pEep d`h d`her
(C) 13066 (D) 13046 339 :\ gS] rks 4 I¥sV vkSj 3 pEep
16. ,d` vk;r d`k ”s(œ`¥ 252 lseh2 gS\
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ d`h d`her D;k gksxh=
bld`h ¥EckbZ vkSj pkSÈ MkbZ d`k vuqikr
07. 320 d`k 70% + 240 d`k 45% = ? ∂`eæ# 9 : 7 gS\ bld`h ifjf| fd`ruh gS= (A) 130 :\
(A) 322 (B) 330 (A) 64 lseh (B) 68 lseh (B) 127 :\
(C) 336 (D) 338 (C) 128 lseh (D) 96 lseh (C) 133 :\
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (D) fu|kZfjr ugÓ fd`;k tk ld`rk gS
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
08. 29·92 × 2·4 + 21·28 × 4·5 = ? (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
17. ,d` f}vad`h la“;k ds` vad`kÍ ds` Lƒku
(A) 167·568 (B) 176·568 ijLij cn¥ fn, tk,a rks cuh gqbZ 24. 64 cPpkÍ ds` chp lekur# pkd`¥sV
(C) 176·658 (D) 167·658 la“;k ew¥ la“;k ls 18 vf|d` gS\ ck∑Vs x, gß\ ^R;sd` cPps d`ks 7 pkd`¥sV
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ vad`kÍ d`k ;ksx 6 gS] rks ew¥ la“;k D;k nsus ds` ckn 15 pkd`¥sV cp x,\ dq`¥
09. 7523 + 2963 – 3847 = ? + 4253 gS= fd`rus pkd`¥sV ƒs=
(A) 2368 (B) 2386 (A) 64 (B) 46 (A) 448 (B) 436
(C) 2638 (D) 2683 (C) 42 (D) 24 (C) 463 (D) 446
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/796
25. euh" ls 25 fd`xzk pko¥ 32 :\ ^fr II. uafnrk }kjk fuosfær jkfæ mlds` 37. u~R; d`h d`”k eÍ tkus ok¥h ¥ÈMfd`;kÍÍ
fd`xzk vkSj 15 fd`xzk pko¥ 36 :\ ^fr HkbZ }kjk fuosfær jkfæ d`k 40% d`h dq`¥ la“;k fd`ruh gS=
fd`xzk [jhns\ nksukÍ fd`LekÍ d`k feJ. gS\ (A) 161 (B) 121
d`j mlus mls 40·20 :\ ^fr fd`xzk 30. fd`ruh efg¥k,a 10 fnu eÍ d`ke iwjk (C) 99 (D) 60
cspk\ mls fd`rus ^frær ¥kH gqvk= d`j ld`rh gß= (E) bueÍls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(A) 25 (B) 40 I. ,d` fnu eÍ ,d` efg¥k }kjk fd`;k 38. fd`ruh ¥ÈMfd`;k∑ ds`o¥ xk;u d`h d`”k
(C) 30 (D) 20 x;k d`ke ,d` fnu eÍ ,d` iq:" eÍ tkrh gß=
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ }kjk fd`, x, d`ke d`k 75% gS\ (A) 99 (B) 72
funsZæ%·^'u 26 ls 30 rd`‚ uhps II. ,d` fnu eÍ ,d` efg¥k }kjk fd`;k (C) 61 (D) 60
^R;sd` ^'u ds` ckn nks d`ƒu I vkSj II x;k d`ke ,d` fnu eÍ ,d` cPps (E) bueÍ
ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
fn, x, gß\ vkid`ks ;g r; d`juk gS fd` }kjk fd`, x, d`ke d`k 150% gS\ 39. dq`¥ fd`rus ¥ÈMds` xk;u d`h d`”k eÍ
d`ƒu eÍ fn;k x;k MkVk ^'u d`k m®j funsZæ%·^'u 31 ls 35 rd`‚ fuEu- tkrs gß=
nsus ds` f¥, i;kZIr gS ;k ugÓ\ lEHkO; f¥f[r ^'ukÍ eÍ ^'ufpÕ ds` Lƒku ij (A) 92 (B) 88
m®jkÍ ds` chp pquko d`jus ds` f¥, vkid`ks ¥xHx D;k ewY; vk,xk= ·rF;r# ewY; (C) 80 (D) 90
MkVk vkSj vius xf.r ds` Kku d`k mi;ksx d`h x.uk visf”r ugÓ gS\‚ (E) bueÍ
ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
d`juk pkfg,\ m®j nhft,% 31. 8999 – 315 × 8·005 = ? 40. ds`o¥ xk;u d`h d`”k eÍ tk jgs cPpkÍ
(A) ;fn ds`o¥ d`ƒu I ^'u d`k m®j
(A) 6480 (B) 6460 d`h dq`¥ la“;k] Ldw`¥ ds` dq`¥ cPpkÍ
nsus ds` f¥, i;kZIr gS] tcfd` ds`o¥
d`ƒu II i;kZIr ugÓ gS\ (C) 6570 (D) 6520 d`h la“;k d`k fd`ruk ^frær gS=
(E) 6550 (A) 46·75 (B) 33·25
(B) ;fn ds`o¥ d`ƒu II ^'u d`k m®j
nsus ds` f¥, i;kZIr gS] tcfd` ds`o¥ 32. 2102 d`k 85·05% = ? (C) 46·25 (D) 33·75
d`ƒu I i;kZIr ugÓ gS\ (E) bueÍ lsd`ksbZ ugÓ
(A) 1750 (B) 1795
(C) ;fn ;k rks ds`o¥ d`ƒu I ;k ds`o¥ (C) 1755 (D) 1775 funsZæ%·^'u 41 ls 45 rd`‚ bu
d`ƒu II ^'u d`k m®j nsus ds` f¥, (E) 1785 ^'ukÍ ds` m®j nsus ds` f¥, uhps nh xbZ
i;kZIr gS\ lkj.h d`k ÷;kuiwoZd` v÷;;u d`hft,\
(D) ;fn vki d`ƒu I vkSj II nksukÍ ls 33. 27·07 × 1499·09 ÷ 24·99 = ? foxr o"ksÛ eÍ N# jkT;kÍ d`h tula“;k
fe¥d`j Hh m®j ugÓ ik ld`rs gß (A) 1630 (B) 1640 ·gtkjkÍ eÍ‚
vkSj vf|d` MkVk d`h vko';d`rk gS\ (C) 1620 (D) 1560
jkT;
(E) ;fn ^'u d`k m®j nsus ds` f¥, (E) 1590 o"Z
d`ƒu I vkSj d`ƒu II nksukÍ vko';d` 34. 33·003 × 25·005 ÷ 5·001 = ? A B C D E F
gS\ 1992 125 210 85 150 98 138
(A) 160 (B) 165
26. o~® d`k ”s(œ`¥ fd`ruk gS= 1995 135 225 89 170 110 152
(C) 168 (D) 162 1998 142 240 93 180 130 160
I. o~® d`h ifjf| 88 lseh gS\ (E) 161 2001 148 250 99 215 140 175
II. o~® d`k O;kl] ,d` oxZ d`h Hqtk 2 2
ds` leku gS ftld`k ”s(œ`¥ 35. (22·01) – (17·95) = ? 2004 155 270 105 230 145 190
784 lseh2 gS\ (A) 152 (B) 172 2007 160 290 110 240 160 198
(C) 155 (D) 160 41. 1998 eÍ lHh jkT;kÍ d`h fe¥d`j
27. jktu d`h orZeku vk;q D;k gS=
(E) 168 vkSlr tula“;k fd`ruh ƒh=
I. jktu vkSj enu d`h orZeku vk;q
(A) 157500 (B) 175000
d`k vuqikr ∂`eæ# 3 : 4 gS\ funsZæ%·^'u 36 ls 40 rd`‚ 400
(C) 157200 (D) 172500
II. 5 o"Z ckn jktu vkSj enu d`h cPpkÍ ds` ,d` Ldw`¥ eÍ] ¥ÈMd`kÍ vkSj (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
vk;q d`k vuqikr ∂`eæ# 4 : 5 ¥È M fd`;kÍ d`k vuqikr ∂`eæ# 9 : 11 gS \
gksxk\ ^R;sd` cPpk ;k rks xk;u d`h d`”k ;k u~~R; 42. 2001 eÍ jkT; C d`h tula“;k ml
o"Z lHh jkT;kÍ d`h dq`¥ tula“;k
28. ^frær ^fro"Z C;kt d`h nj D;k gS= d`h d`”k ;k nksukÍ eÍ tkrk gS\ 40% ¥ÈMds` d`k ¥xHx fd`ruk ^frær gS=
I. 10 o"Z eÍ mifpr lk|kj. C;kt
ds`o¥ xk;u d`h d`”k eÍ tkrs gß\ dq`¥
(A) 12 (B) 11
jkfæ ds` leku gS\ 20% cPps nksukÍ d`”kvkÍ eÍ vkrs gß] ftueÍ
(C) 10 (D) 8
II. 2 o"Z eÍ mifpr p∂`o~f* C;kt
ls 25% ¥ÈMds` gß\ 45% ¥ÈMfd`;k∑ ds`o¥ (E) 13
1,050 :\ gS\ u~R; d`h d`”k eÍ tkrh gß\
43. 1995 ls 2007 eÍ jkT; C d`h
29. uafnrk vkSj mlds` HkbZ ds` chp ck∑Vs 36. ds`o¥ u~R; d`h d`”k eÍ dq`¥ fd`rus tula“;k eÍ ¥xHx fd`rus ^frær
tkus ok¥s 20,000 :\ ds` ¥kH eÍ cPps tkrs gß= o~f* gqbZ gS=
uafnrk d`k fgLlk fd`ruk gS= (A) 213 (B) 189 (A) 29 (B) 30
I. uafnrk us 50,000 :\ d`k fuosæ (C) 133 (D) 187 (C) 28 (D) 20
fd`;k gS\ (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ (E) 24

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/797
44. 2001 ls 2004 rd` fd`l jkT; d`h 50. fd`l o"Z ds` nkSjku ugÓ csph xbZ enkÍ
tulaa“;k eÍ ^frær o~f* vf|d`re d`k ^frær lokZf|d` ƒk=
gqbZ ƒh= (A) 2004 (B) 2006
(A) C (B) B (C) 2008 (D) 2002
(C) D (D) F (E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
(E) bueÍls d`ksbZ ugÓ m®j O;k“;k lfgr
45. lHh o"ksÛ ds` f¥, fe¥d`j jkT; D
d`h vkSlr tula“;k fd`ruh gS=
(A) 195700 (B) 197500
(C) 175900 (D) 179500
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
funsZæ%·^'u 46 ls 50 rd`‚ bu ^'ukÍ ds` m®j nsus ds` f¥, uhps fn, x, xzkœ`
d`k ÷;kuiwoZd` v÷;;u d`hft,\
foxr o"ksÛ eÍ ,d` d`Eiuh }kjk fofufeZr vkSj csph xbZ enkÍ d`h la“;k ·¥k[kÍ eÍ‚
100
90
enkÍ d`h la“;k ·¥k[kÍ eÍ‚

80
70 fofufeZr
60
50
csph xbZ
40
30
20
10
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
o"Z
46. lHh o"ksÛ ds` f¥, fe¥d`j ugÓ csph xbZ
enkÍ d`h ¥xHx vkSlr la“;k fd`ruh
gS`=
(A) 10,50,000 (B) 10,55,000
(C) 10,43,000 (D) 10,40,000
(E) 10,70,000
47. lHh o"ksÛ ds` f¥, fe¥d`j csph xbZ enkÍ
d`h ¥xHx vkSlr la“;k fd`ruh gS=
(A) 60 ¥k[ (B) 61 ¥k[
(C) 63 ¥k[ (D) 67 ¥k[
(E) 69 ¥k[
48. 2007 eÍ fofufeZr enkÍ d`h la“;k] lHh
o"ksÛ eÍ fe¥d`j fofufeZr enkÍ d`h dq`¥
la“;k d`k fd`ruk ^frær gS= ·næe¥o
ds` ckn nks vad`kÍ rd` iw.kÛfd`r‚
(A) 17·31 (B) 13·71
(C) 17·03 (D) 13·97
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
49. lHh o"ksÛ eÍ fe¥d`j] csph xbZ enkÍ d`h
dq`¥ la“;k vkSj fofufeZr enkÍ d`h dq`¥
la“;k ds` chp d`k ∂`eæ# vuqikr D;k
gS=
(A) 87 : 104 (B) 89 : 102
(C) 87 : 102 (D) 89 : 104
(E) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/798

fd` ¥ksd`ra(h; lektokn D;k gS`=
☛ ¥ksd`ra(h; lektokn (Democratic
Socialism) d`k mˆs'; ¥ksd`rkaf(d` vƒkZrΩ
lalnh; ¥ksd`ra( ds` ek÷;e ls lektokn
d`h Lƒkiuk gS\ bleÍ oxZ la?"Z vkSj ¯glk
ds` f¥, d`ksbZ Lƒku ugÓ gS\ bld`k fo'okl
gS fd` tulk|kj. d`ks lektoknh mˆs';kÍ
ds` ^fr tkxÔd` d`j mud`k leƒZu ^kIr
fd`;k tk ld`rk gS rƒk fu;e vkfn
cukd`j bu mˆs';kÍ d`ks iwjk fd`;k tk
ld`rk gS\ Hkjr eÍ bl fl*kUr d`ks
viuk;k x;k gS\
fd` ‘jkÆV_h; d~`f" fod`kl ;kstuk’
(RKVY) ds` D;k mˆs'; gß =
☛ d~`f" ”s( eÍ fod`kl gsrq ;g ,d` ubZ
;kstuk ‘jkÆV_h; d~`f" fod`kl ;kstuk’
(RKVY) Hkjr ljd`kj ds` d~`f" ea(k¥;/
foHkx }kjk eq“; mˆs';kÍ gsrq æqÔ d`h xbZ
gS] tSls%[k» œ`l¥kÍ ds` ,d`hd~`r fod`kl
gsrq ftleÍ eksVs vukt (Coarse cereals),
lw{e vukt (minor millets), n¥guÍ «
d~`f" ;a(hd`j.« e~nk LokLF; ,oa mRikn-
d`rk] o"kZ vk|kfjr [srh i*fr fod`kl]
,d`hd~`r d`hV ^cU|u (IPM), ekdsZ`V <k∑pk]
ckxokuh] iæqik¥u] Ms;¯jx ,oa fœ`æjht
vkfn ij\ bl ubZ ;kstuk }kjk laLƒkvkÍ
d`ks enn nsd`j d~`f" ,oa ckxokuh bR;kfn
”s(kÍ« tSfod` ,oa tSo-moZjd`kÍ] bUuksosfVo
Ld`hEl d`ks ^ksRlkfgr fd`;k tk,xk\ o"Z
2007-08 eÍ 1500 d`jksÈM :i, ctV d`k
^ko|ku j[k x;k vkSj o"Z 2008-09 gsrq
2,891·70 d`jksÈM :i, 31 ekpZ] 2009 rd`
fj¥ht fd`, x,\
fd` ‘jkÆV_h; [k» lqj”k feæu’
(NFSM–National Food Security
Mission) D;k gS`=
☛ orZeku eÍ jkÆV_h; [k» lqj”k feæu
(NFSM) ns æ ds ` 17 jkT;kÍ ds` 312
igpkfur ft¥kÍ eÍ pk¥w fd`;k x;k gS
ftleÍ pko¥] xsgw∑] n¥gu eq“; Ôi ls
œ`l¥Í ¥h xbZ gß\ vƒkZrΩ NFSM–Rice,
NFSM–Wheat, NFSM–Pulses feæu
gß\ bl feæu eÍ bu œ`l¥kÍ ds` HYVs
cht] cht feuhfd`VΩl] lw{e-rRokÍ] pwuk]
d`ksuksohMlZ] thjks-fV¥ lhMfM_Yl] lhM-
fM_Yl] jksVkosVlZ] Mht¥ iEi lSVΩl] ikWoj
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/800
ohMlZ] uSd`-lSi L^s;lZ] ikni lqj”k gsrq
jlk;u] ck;ksiSLVhlkbMΩl] œ`kjelZ œ`hYM
Ldw`Yl vkfn d`h O;oLƒk gS\ o"Z 2008-09
gsrq bl ^ksxzke ds` vUrxZr 883·26 d`jksÈM
:i, Hkjr ljd`kj }kjk fj¥ht fd`, x,\
fd` d~`f" ”s( gsrq ‘India’s Vision,
2020’ D;k gS =
☛ iwoZ jkÆV_ifr ,oa oSKkfud` MkW\ ,\ih\ts\
vCnq¥ d`¥ke us ‘India’s Vision, 2020’
ds` ckjs eÍ d`gk gS “A vision is not a
Project Report or Plan Target; but it
is an articulation of the desired end
results in broader term.” ‘India’s
Vision, 2020’ eÍ d`gk x;k gS fd` o"Z
2020 rd` ekuo tula“;k vf|d` gksxh]
vPNs fæf”r] rUnq:Lr ,oa |u|kU;
O;fDr gkÍxs] vis”kd~`r vius iqjkus ¥Ecs
,sfrgkfld` le; d`h rq¥uk eÍ\ d~`f" eÍ
[k»kUu mRiknu bl vof| eÍ nksxquk
d`juk gksxk\ o"Z 2008-09 eÍ] tks [k»kUu
mRiknu 229·85 fef¥;u Vu nsæ eÍ
vk∑d`k x;k gS mls HfoÆ; eÍ cÈ<kuk gksxk]
pw∑fd` o"Z 2050 rd` Hkstu ek∑x 350
fef¥;u Vu] 1·7 fcf¥;u tula“;k d`h
iwjh d`juh gksxh\ ,d` lkspuh; fo"; gS fd`
d~`f" d`h fgLlsnkjh o"Z 1950-51 eÍ 52%
dq`¥ GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
eÍ ƒh og vc ?Vd`j o"Z 2007-08 eÍ
ek( 17·8% vƒkZrΩ ,d`-frgkbZ jg xbZ gS
ftls cÈ<kuk gksxk\ vr# d~`f" ”s( eÍ vc
nsæ eÍ ‘nwljh/lrrΩ gfjr ∂`kfUr’
(Second/Evergreen Revolution) ¥kuh
gksxh] rHh cÈ<rh tula“;k o~f* nj
@2·1% okf"Zd`] vis”kd~`r d~`f" ”s( d`k
GDP eÍ fgLlsnkjh 17·8% ds`] d`ks [k»
lqj”k lqfuf'pr gks ik,xh\ ftl gsrq
œ`l¥kÍ d`k fofo|hd`j. (Crop diver-
sification) ,oa l?uhd`j. (Intensif-
ication) d`juk gksxk\ bl lUnHZ eÍ œ`l¥
^.k¥h vuqla|ku funsæk¥; (ICAR)
eksnhiqje] esjB ·m\ ^\‚ iwjs nsæ eÍ d`k;Z
d`j jgk gS\
fd` fd`u O;fDr;kÍ ij la;qDr Ôi ls
vkjksi ¥xk;k tk lds`xk`=
☛ fuEu O;fDr;kÍ ij ,d` lkƒ vkjksi
¥xk;k tk lds`xk%
(1) os O;fDr ftu ij ,d` gh
laO;ogkj ds` vuq∂`e eÍ fd`, x, ,d` gh
vijk| d`k vfH;ksx gks\
(2) os O;fDr ftu ij fd`lh vijk|
d`k vfH;ksx gS rƒk os O;fDr ftu ij
,sls vijk| d`k nqÆ^sj. vƒok ^;Ru d`k
vfH;ksx gS\
(3) os O;fDr ftu ij ckjg ekl d`h
vof| ds` vUnj la;qDr Ôi ls muds` }kjk
fd`, x, |kjk 219 ds` vƒZ eÍ ,d` gh
fd`Le ds` ,d` ls vf|d` vijk|kÍ d`k
vfH;ksx gS\
(4) os O;fDr ftu ij ,d` gh laO;o-
gkj ds` vuq∂`e eÍ fd`, x, fHUu vijk|kÍ
d`k vfH;ksx gS\
fd` fd`lh vijk| d`k laKku d`kSu d`j
lds`xk =
☛ d`ksbZ ,slk eftLV_sV] tksfd` ^ƒe oxZ
eftLV_sV ;k foæs"r;k læDr d~`r f}rh;
oxZ eftLV_sV fd`lh vijk| d`k laKku d`j
lds`xk\ d`ksbZ eq“; U;kf;d` eftLV_sV fd`lh
f}rh; oxZ eftLV_sV d`ks ,sls vijk|kÍ d`k
ftud`h tk∑p ;k fopkj. d`juk mld`h
”erk ds` vUnj gS] mld`ks laKku d`jus ds`
f¥, læDr d`j ld`rk gS\
fd` D;k fcuk feVΩVh ds` œ`¥ vkSj
lfCt;kÍ d`ks mxkuk lEHo gS =
☛ ^'u vViVk ¥xrk gS\ fcuk feVΩVh
vkSj ikuh ds` œ`l¥ mxkuk ,d` etkd`-lk
¥xrk gS] ijUrq ;g etkd` vc ;ƒkƒZ cu
x;k gS\ ;fn vki nloÓ eaft¥ ij NksVs-ls
Œ¥SV eÍ jgrs gß] rks ckxokuh d`h vkid`h
bPNk vc iwjh gks tk,xh\ uklk us ,slh
fof| d`k fod`kl d`j f¥;k gS\
uklk ds` oSKkfud`kÍ }kjk rS;kj ‘xStsV’
eÍ ckxokuh ds` f¥, feVΩVh d`h tÔjr ugÓ
gksrh gS\ xStsV eÍ œ`¥ ;k lCth d`k ikS|k
jksiÍ vkSj œ`l¥ id`us d`h ^rh”k d`jÍ\
oSKkfud`kÍ ds` vuqlkj] bl ‘ikoj I¥kaV
xzksbax eæhu’ eÍ ikS|kÍ d`h tÈMkÍ d`ks eæhu
d`k ,d` Hkx ikSfÆVd` inkƒZ ls lÓprk
jgsxk] ftlls ikS|s rsth ls cÈ<Íxs vkSj cÈMs
vkd`kj ds` œ`¥ nÍxs\
uklk us ;g ‘xStsV’ varfj” ;kf(;kÍ
ds` f¥, fod`flr fd`;k gS] ftlls fd` os
¥Ech varfj” ;k(kvkÍ eÍ rkts œ`¥ vkSj
lfCt;kÍ d`k etk ¥s ldÍ`\ ^;ksxkÍ eÍ ik;k
x;k gS fd` xStsV eÍ iSnk gksus ok¥h œ`l¥]
[srkÍ d`h iSnkokj ls vf|d` ikSfÆVd` vkSj
buds` nkus vkd`kj eÍ cÈMs gksrs gß\ vc ;g
eæhu tulkekU; ds` f¥, Hh mi¥C| gS\
●●●
(Useful for Various Competitive Exams.)
By : Dr. Alok Kumar
Code No. 1630 Rs. 40/-
UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2
E-mail : publisher@upkar.in Website : www.upkar.in
 lokZ f |d` uq d `lku d`jrk gS \ blds `
fu;a(. gsrq mik; D;k gß=
m®j
^'u%D;k ;q* eÍ Hh jkscksV d`h d`ksbZ
Hwfed`k gks ld`rh gS=
m®j

^'u%rhljh nqfu;k ds` nsæ d`kSuls

gß=
m®j

^'u%o"kZ t¥ (Rain Water), tks

HoukÍ/bekjrkÍ d`h NrkÍ (Roof-tops) ds`
}kjk uhps vkrk gS vkSj mls vkj\lh\lh\
(RCC) Vßd` eÍ bd`VΩBk fd`;k tkrk gS]
ml ,d`f(r o"kZ t¥ d`h x.uk d`k D;k
rjhd`k gS=
m®j

^'u%vaVkdZ`fVd`k eÍ Hkjr d`h

orZeku fLƒfr D;k gS=
m®j ^'u%D;k d`ksbZ vius fo:`* l”e
lk”h gks lds`xk`=
m®j

^'u%‘fj¥sfVo ¥hœ ` xzksƒ jsV’

^'u%o;Ld` erkf|d`kj d`k D;k (RLGR % Relative Leaf Growth
vƒZ gS= Rate) œ`l¥kÍ eÍ fd`l ^d`kj Kkr d`jrs
m®j gß =
m®j

^'u%‘[jhœ`’ ekSle eÍ mxkbZ tkus

ok¥h œ`l¥kÍ%Tokj ·nkuk/pjh‚] eDd`k]
cktjk vkfn d`ks fVMΩMk (Locusts) ●●●

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/801
 ^'u%¥ksd` lHk eÍ lkalnkÍ d`h
la“;k ,oa mud`ks fn, tkus ok¥k osru ^'u%d`U;kdq`ekjh vkSj d`'ehj eÍ
fd`ruk gS= % veu [ku] tk¥kSu fnu-jkr d`h vof| eÍ vUrj d`k D;k
d`kj. gS`= LiÆV d`jus d`h d~`ik d`jÍ\
m®j % ˜"k jatu dq`ekj ·>kj[≥M‚
m®j

^'u%œz`kal vkSj teZuh ds` e÷; lhek

js[k d`ks fd`l uke ls tkuk tkrk gS`=
% pUnzHku fc'uksbZ] tks|iqj ·jktLƒku‚
^'u%vcq¥ œ`Èt¥ d`kSu ƒs= mud`h m®j
bfrgkl izfl* d~`fr d`k D;k egRo gS=
% fjtokuk [k∑] v¥oj ·jktLƒku‚
^'u%Hkjr eÍ orZeku eÍ dq`¥ ^'u%vk∑o¥k (Aonla) d`h mUur
m®j
fd`rus jkÆV_h; jktekxZ gß`= lcls cÈMk fd`LeÍ d`kSu–d`kSulh gß= ¥{eh–52 ^tkfr
vkSj lcls NksVk jktekxZ d`kSulk gS= vk∑o¥s eÍ D;k xq. gksrs gß=
% je.h d`kSj] jkorlj ·jktLƒku‚ % ^nhi dq`ekj] ';kexÈ< ·e\^\‚
m®j m®j

^'u%,fæ;kfVd` lkslkbVh vkWœ`

caxk¥ d`h Lƒkiuk fd`lus d`h ƒh= blls
lEcfU|r fofHUu f∂`;k-d`¥kikÍ d`h
tkud`kjh nhft,\
% lqfer dq`ekj] ægMks¥ ·e÷; ^nsæ‚
m®j

^'u%esjh ˜∑pkbZ 5 œ`hV ls ,d` bap

d`e gS\ D;k js¥os d`h fofHUu ukSd`fj;kÍ ds`
^'u%dq`ekjtho d`kSu ƒk= f¥,] ˜∑pkbZ ds` vk|kj ij mi;qâ` g∑w=
% fn¥hi dq`ekj feJk] v¥hxÈ< ·m®j ^nsæ‚ % uhjt dq`ekj] Hkx¥iqj ·fcgkj‚
m®j m®j

●●●

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/802
 ^ƒe iqjLÎ`r fucU|
21oÓ lnh d`k fo'o
bDd`hloÓ lnh ds` xHZ ls mith
fopkj|kjk ijEijkxr vƒkZrΩ 20 oÓ lnh
d`h jktuSfrd` ijEijkvkÍ] ¥ksd`rkfU(d` ,oa
jktuhfr d`h vk|kjfæ¥k vkSj jkÆV_ ds` ew¥
fopkj d`ks Hh [kfjt d`j jgh gS\ chloÓ
lnh d`h ikjEifjd` jktuhfr ds` iÈMkokÍ ls
vNwrh jgh vkt d`h ihÈ<h ds` f¥,
vUrjkZÆV_h; lanHksÛ ds` fcuk HfoÆ; d`h
d`Yiuk d`j ikuk d`fBu gS\ vkWu¥kbu
LVMh vƒok bZ-xq: ,oa bZ-VΩ;wV¯jx]
ekb∂`kslkWŒV fo≥Mkst] d`kW¥ ls≥VjkÍ] ,p- 1
ch ohtk ds` fcuk mTTo¥ HfoÆ; d`k
liuk vlEHo ¥xus ¥xk gS\ X¥ksc¥
cktkjkÍ d`h fi?¥u] |kfeZd` vkrad`okn ds`
laxfBr mRƒku tSlh ?VukvkÍ ds` lkƒ
uSuks rd`uhd`h] vk|qfud` ijek.q iuMqCch]
LVse-ls¥ ^R;kjksi. vkfn ubZ oSKkfud`
bZtknkÍ us ,d`ne ubZ rjg d`h ,slh
vkfƒZd` |kfeZd` vkSj uSfrd` fLƒfr;k∑ jp
nh gß] ftud`h d`Yiuk xka|h] iVs¥] ¥sfuu
xks¥o¥d`j ds` oDr eÍ vlEHo ƒh\
foKku vkSj ^kS»ksfxd`h
bDd`hloÓ lnh eÍ foKku d`h fot;
irkd`k pkjkÍ vksj ¥gjk jgh gS\ cz©kaM
cuus d`h xqRƒh lq¥>kus ds` f¥, vc rd`
ds` lcls egRoiw.Z] lcls [phZ¥s vkSj
lcls egk^;ksx ‘fcx cßx- 2 ’ d`k ig¥k
pj. ftusok ds` ikl lhvkbZvkj,l ¥Sc eÍ
æqÔ gks x;k gS\ d`EI;wVj d`k mi;ksx
bZ\lh\th\] jkscksV] jDrpki vkfn d`k;ksÛ ds`
f¥, fd`;k tkus ¥xk gS\ ;q* d`¥k eÍ
vR;k|qfud` ekuo-jfgr ;q*d` foeku M_ksUl
d`k bLrsek¥ vke gksrk tk jgk gS \ vkbZikWM
vkSj ,eihƒzh d`h nqfu;k iwjh rjg ls cn¥
pqd`h gS\ vkt ,d` lkƒ d`bZ lwpukvkÍ d`k
vknku-^nku fd`;k tk jgk gS\
Hkjr vkfƒZd` fod`kl d`h ubZ ˜∑pkb;k∑
ukirs gq, fo'o d`h egkuΩ vkfƒZd` rkd`r
cuus ds` lius d`ks ewrZ Ôi nsus eÍ ¥xk gS\
pUnzek ij pqukSrhiw.Z vfH;ku ds` ckn
bljks us vx¥s Ng lk¥ ds` Hhrj eax¥
ij vUrfj” ;ku Hstus ds` f¥, rS;kfj;k∑
æqÔ d`j nh gß\ nsæ ds` ig¥s vUrfj”
d`k;Z∂`e pUnz;ku- 1 us ;qok oSKkfud`kÍ d`h
d`Yiuk d`ks ia[ ¥xk fn, gß vkSj mUgkÍus
eax¥ xzg rd` vfH;ku ds` f¥, vUrfj”
foKku vkS j bljks d`h ;ks t ukvkÍ eÍ
Hkxhnkjh d`h gS\
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/803
 c¥oar jke
efg¥k læfDrd`j.
bDd`hloÓ lnh ds` ^ƒe næd` eÍ
efg¥kvkÍ us gj ”s( eÍ viuh lœ`¥rk d`k
ijpe ¥gjk;k gS\ tgk∑ d`kÍMksf¥tk jkbl
vkSj fg¥sjh fD¥aVu us nqfu;k ds` lcls
æfDræk¥h nsæ vejhd`k d`h fonsæ ea(h
ds` in d`ks lqæksfHr fd`;k gS\ ogÓ vUrfj”
eÍ lquhrk fof¥;El us viuh lœ`¥rk ds`
u, vk;ke Lƒkfir fd`, gß\ Hkjr eÍ nsæ ds`
nwljs lcls cÈMs futh cßd` vkbZlhvkbZlhvkbZ
ds` eqf[;k ds` in ij lqJh pank d`kspj
fojkteku gqbZ gß\ fæ”k ds` cÈ<rs ^pkj d`h
otg ls efg¥kvkÍ d`ks viuh bPNk ds`
vuqdw`¥ vius HfoÆ; d`k fuekZ. d`jus ds`
volj fe¥us ¥xs gß\
lq|jrs gq, vkilh fj'rs
fnlEcj 2008 eÍ Ôlh jkÆV_ifr
fnfe(h esnosnso d`h Hkjr ;k(k ds` nkSjku
Ôl vkSj Hkjr ds` chp tks le>kSrs gq,
vkSj ftu vVds` gq, eqnΩnkÍ ij nksukÍ nsækÍ
ds` chp ckr vkxs cÈ<h gS] os Hkjr ds`
HfoÆ; ds` f¥, egRoiw.Z gß\ bDd`hloÓ
lnh eÍ rs¥ egkæfDr ds` Ôi eÍ gkfl¥
ubZ |kd` d`ks Ôlh gk¥ rd` Ôlh d`k;ns
ls gte ugÓ d`j ik, ƒs\ rs¥ d`h d`herÍ
fxjus ds` lkƒ Ôl d`h vkfƒZd` fLƒfr Hh
d`etksj iÈMus ¥xh gS\ oSls rs¥ ds` eke¥s
eÍ Hkjr Ôl ds` Hhrj l[kf¥u vkSj
nwljs b¥kd`kÍ eÍ ,d` cÈMs fuosæd` ds` Ôi
eÍ mHjk gS\ Lisl VsDuks¥kWth vkSj ,Veh
,uthZ Ôl ds` nks lcls vxz.h ”s( gß
vkSj nksukÍ eÍ gh Hkjr vkxkeh næd`kÍ eÍ
tcnZLr fuosæ d`jus tk jgk gS\ bl
le>nkjh d`h cqfu;kn ij esnosnso us
viuh bl ;k(k eÍ Hkjr ds` lkƒ ftu
lEcU|kÍ d`h uÓo j[h gS] muls nksukÍ nsækÍ
d`h nksLrh u, eqd`ke ij igq∑pus d`h mEehn
d`h tk ld`rh gS\
bDd`hloÓ lnh eÍ Hkjr-vejhd`k
ijek.q le>kSrk ,d` egRoiw.Z ?Vuk gS\
ijek.q le>kSrs ls ijek.q ˜tkZ ds` ”s(
eÍ vUrjkZÆV_h; lg;ksx d`k jkLrk [q¥ x;k
gS ,oa vR;k|qfud` d`E^slj] Vs¯LVx flLVe]
˜tkZ mRiknu d`h lqfo|k,∑ ^kIr gkÍxh\
vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr cjkd` vksckek us d`gk gS
fd` vejhd`k-phu lEcU| 21 oÓ lnh d`h
fnæk fu|kZfjr d`jÍxs\ vejhd`k vkSj phu
ds` chp xgjs vkSj etcwr lEcU| 21 oÓ
lnh d`ks fnæk nÍxs\ nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` chp
tkjh ;g ckrphr fo'o d`h vU; f}i”h;
okrkZvkÍ d`h rjg egRoiw.Z gS vkSj ;g
ijek.q gfƒ;kj ls lEiUu m®j d`ksfj;k ls
fuiVus ds` f¥, lgk;d` gksxk\
lkekftd` ∂`kfUr
vejhd`k eÍ jkÆV_ifr cjkd` vksckek
d`k pquko okLro eÍ 21oÓ lnh d`h nqfu;k
eÍ ,d` foLe;d`kjh ,sfrgkfld` ifj?Vuk gS\
vksckek d`k pquko fo'o-Hj eÍ ubZ vkækvkÍ
vkSj fo'okl ds` lkƒ ns[k tk jgk gS\
[kld`j fod`klæh¥ nsækÍ ds` ckjs eÍ ;g
d`guk lcls lVhd` gksxk\ ;g d`ksbZ ekew¥h
ckr ugÓ] tgk∑ 'osr-v'osr ds` vfLrRo d`ks
¥sd`j cjlkÍ-cjl ig¥s ,d` vkokt mBh\
cjkd` vksckek d`h fot;] ekfVZu ¥wƒj
¯d`x ds` lius ds` lp gksus tSlk gS\ cjkd`
vksckek ds` vejhd`h jkÆV_ifr pqus tkus ls
tgk∑ fo'o eÍ uL¥Hsn ds` lekIr gksus d`h
vkæk txh gS] ¥sfd`u vkt Hh vkLV_sf¥;k
egk}hi jaxHsn flUM_kse ls xzLr utj vk
jgk gS\
ijek.q gfƒ;kjkÍ d`k [rjk
fo'o eÍ ækfUr d`h Lƒkiuk vkt d`h
^eq[ vko';d`rk gS\ fo'o ds` lHh nsæ
viuh ^xfræh¥rk vkSj æfDr d`k ^næZu
d`jus ds` f¥, æL( ,d`f(r d`jus eÍ ¥xs
gß\ f}rh; fo'o;q* eÍ vejhd`k }kjk 6
rƒk 9 vxLr] 1945 d`ks fgjksfæek vkSj
ukxklkd`h ij ijek.q ge¥s d`h foHhf"d`k
d`ks ns[rs gq, bld`k [rjk gesæk ls gh
ekuo-tkfr ij e∑Mjkrk jgk gS\ vkt fo'o
ds` vusd` nsækÍ us muls Hh æfDræk¥h
cekÍ d`k fuekZ. d`j f¥;k gS] ftuls d`bZ
nsækÍ d`ks ,d` lkƒ ”.Hj eÍ gh uÆV fd`;k
tk ld`rk gS\
vækar ,fæ;k
pkgs if'pe ,fæ;k gks ;k e÷; ,fæ;k
gks ;k fœ`j nf”. ,fæ;k] iwjs ”s( eÍ
vækafr d`k nkSj tkjh gS\ d`bZ nsæ fcx
cznj flUM_kse ls xzLr gß\ ikfd`Lrku eÍ bu
fnukÍ vkrad`okfn;kÍ ds` f[¥kœ` vejhd`h
vkSj ikfd`Lrkuh lsukvkÍ d`k vfH;ku p¥
jgk gS] rks nwljh rjœ` vœ`xkfuLrku eÍ
gtkjkÍ ukVks lSfud` rkf¥cku ¥ÈMkd`kÍ ds`
lkeus gß\ tkfgj gS fd` bl eqfge d`k vke
ukxfjd`kÍ ij ^Hko iÈM jgk gS\ ikfd`Lrku
eÍ lsuk vkSj vkrafd`;kÍ ds` chp la?"Z d`h
otg ls foLƒkfir ¥ksxkÍ d`h la“;k 2 5
¥k[ ls Hh ˜ij igq∑p xbZ gS] tks iwjs
fo'o eÍ nsæ ds` vUnj foLƒkfirkÍ d`h lcls
T;knk la“;k gS\ ikfd`Lrku us vkrad`okn
d`h ftl vkx d`ks u ds`o¥ gok nh] vkt
og Lo;a vkrad` d`h vkx eÍ cqjh rjg
>q¥lk gqvk vfLrRo d`h ¥ÈMkbZ ¥ÈM jgk
gS\ v¥d`k;nk] rkf¥cku vkSj vU; ftgknh
laxBukÍ d`h ekStwnxh ok¥k vkrad`h ¯lfMds`V
iwjs fo'o ds` f¥, ,d` cÈMk [rjk gS\ d`Hh
d`'ehj ds` cgkus Hkjr rd` gh ds`fUnzr
crk;k tkus ok¥k ¥'d`js-rS;ck vc vUr-
jkZÆV_h; laxBu cud`j iwjh nqfu;k ds` f¥,
[rjk cu jgk gS\
viuh euekuh ds` f¥, fo“;kr m®j
d`ksfj;k us [qn d`ks cn¥rs le; ls v¥x
j[d`j fo'o tuer ds` f[¥kœ` [ÈMs
gksd`j tks nwljk ukfHd`h; ijh”. fd`;k
gS] bl ijh”. ls m®j d`ksfj;k u flœZ`
nf”. ,fæ;k d`h lqj”k ds` f¥, [rjk
iSnk d`j jgk gS] cfYd` la;qDr jkÆV_ lqj”k
ifj"nΩ lfgr fo'o tuer d`ks BÍxk fn[k
jgk gS\ bZjku d`ks Hh ¥sd`j ;gh vkæad`k
O;Dr d`h tk jgh gS fd` og ijek.q ce
cukus d`h rd`uhd` ,tsUlh ds` le>kSrs ls
c∑|s gksus vkSj ijek.q v^lkj laf| ij
gLrk”j d`jus ds` ckotwn ijek.q ce
bZtkn d`j jgk gS\
usik¥ Hh ^paM ds` bLrhœs` ds` ckn
vfLƒj gks p¥k gS\ 2007 eÍ jktækgh ds`
[kRes ds` lkƒ mEehn c∑|h ƒh fd` vc
¥ksd`rkfU(d` ljd`kj eqYd` d`ks fLƒjrk
nsxh vkSj usik¥ vkfƒZd` etcwrh d`h iVjh
ij [ÈMk gksxk] ¥sfd`u ekvksoknh usrkvkÍ
d`h gB|feZrk] vnwjn~fÆV vkSj Hkjr fojks|h
uhfr us fœ`j ,d` ckj nsæ d`ks jktuhfrd`
m¥>u eÍ œ∑`lk d`j vfLƒj d`j fn;k gS\
Jh¥ad`k rfe¥ VkbxjkÍ ds` [kRes ds` ckn
v¥x rjg d`h leL;kvkÍ ls tw> jgk gS\
ogk∑ vkUrfjd` Ôi ls foLƒkfir ¥xHx nks
¥k[ vLlh gtkj ¥ksxkÍ ds` chekj gksus]
Hw[s jgus vkSj dq`iks". tSlh leL;k ls
xzflr gksus d`h [cjÍ fe¥ jgh gß\ f¥VΩVs
lq^heks oh\ ^Hkd`j. vkSj f¥VΩVs ds` lœ`k,
ds` ckn eqYd` ds` lkeus vc vf|d`kjkÍ ds`
fods`Unzhd`j. d`h pqukSrh lkeus gS\ tc rd`
rfe¥kÍ d`ks lafo|ku ds``nk;js eÍ tk;t
vf|d`kj nsd`j mUgÍ eq“;|kjk eÍ ugÓ ¥k;k
tkrk] rc rd` Jh¥ad`k eÍ Lƒk;h ækfUr
d`h mEehn d`juk csekuh gksxh\
ckaX¥knsæ eÍ gk¥ gh eÍ ckaX¥knsæ
jÍtlZ ds` fonzksg eÍ lkS ls vf|d` ¥ksxkÍ d`h
tkuÍ xbÛ\ ogk∑ d`VΩVjiaƒh tekrÍ tÈMÍ tek,
gq, gß\ vkrad`h xqVkÍ d`k <k∑pk cjd`jkj gS
vkSj d`c ogk∑ vækfUr œS`¥ tk,] d`guk
d`fBu gS\ bl le; E;kaekj Hh vUrjkZÆV_h;
gLr”si d`k ds`Unz cuk gqvk gS\ ¥ksd`rU(
cgk¥h vkUnks¥u usrk vkax lku lw d`h 13
lk¥ ls ts¥ eÍ ;k utjcanh d`h gk¥r eÍ
gS\ fo'o leqnk;] foæs" Ôi ls vejhd`h
psrkofu;kÍ vkSj ^frcU|kÍ d`ks |rk crkrs
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/804
gq, lSfud` ækld` euekuh d`j jgs gß
nqfu;k ds` lcls cÈMs ik∑poÍ rs¥ mRiknd`
nsæ bZjku eÍ egewn vgenhustkn ds`
nksckjk jkÆV_ifr cuus ij bZjku d`h lÈMd`kÍ
ls ¥sd`j ;wjksi ds` vusd` nsækÍ eÍ muds`
f[¥kœ` fojks| ^næZu gks jgs gß\ bu
^næZukÍ eÍ d`bZ ¥ksx g¥kd` gks x, gß\
bZjku d`h ÷oLr gks pqd`h vƒZO;oLƒk d`ks
iVjh ij ¥kus eÍ ¥Eck le; ¥xsxk\
bl chp phu eÍ Hh ¯glk vkSj
vækfUr ds` Loj mHjus ¥xs gß\ fæuft;kax
^kUr ds` mÔEd`h b¥kds` eÍ tkrh; naxkÍ eÍ
184 ¥ksxkÍ ds` ekjs tkus ls Hkjh ruko gS\
vkt frCcr phuh lSfud` rkd`r ds` ^næZu
d`k ,d` eap cu x;k gS\ n¥kbZ ¥kek us Hh
LorU( frCcr d`k liuk ns[uk NksÈM fn;k
gS vkSj phu ls ckrphr d`ks rS;kj gß]
D;kÍfd` mUgkÍus vglkl fd`;k gS fd` dq`N
lk¥kÍ eÍ gku vkcknh cgqla“;d` gks tk,xh
rƒk frCcrh vYila“;d` gks tk,axs\ frCcfr;kÍ
ds` v¥x-ƒ¥x iÈMus ls phu mRlkfgr gS
vkSj n¥kbZ ¥kek ls bZekunkjhiwoZd` okrkZ eÍ
mld`h d`ksbZ fn¥pLih ugÓ jg xbZ gS\
1959 d`ks æqÔ fd`, x, vlœ`¥ frCcrh
vkUnks¥u d`ks vkt 50 o"Z iwjs gks x;s gß]
¥sfd`u frCcr d`h vktknh ,d` lius ls
T;knk dq`N ugÓ gks ld`rh\ phu fu.kZ;d`
Ôi ls ijkftr gks tk, vkSj [rjukd`
gku lkezkT; rƒk nqfu;k d`h lcls cÈMh
œ`kSt uk[wukÍ-iRƒjkÍ rd` ls ¥ÈMus d`k
gkSl¥k [ks cSBs\ ds`o¥ rHh frCcr vktkn
gks ld`rk gS\
Hkjr vkSj phu ,fæ;k egk}hi d`h
cÈMh æfDr;kÍ ds` lkƒ-lkƒ nksukÍ iÈMkslh
jkÆV_ ,oa lalkj d`h lcls cÈMh vkcknh
ok¥s jkÆV_ Hh gß\ nksukÍ ds` lEcU|kÍ d`k
vUrjkZÆV_h; n~fÆV ls egRo gS\ nksukÍ nsækÍ
ds` chp O;kikj d`jhc 34 fef¥;u MkW¥j
rd` igq∑p x;k gS] ¥sfd`u le;-le; ij
Hkjr-phu lk>hnkjh d`h ?ks".kvkÍ ds`
ckotwn nksukÍ nsækÍ ds` lEcU| fnu-c-fnu
tfV¥ curs tk jgs gß] D;kÍfd` nksukÍ
,fæ;kbZ rkd`rÍ viuh oSf'od` gSfl;r d`ks
eq[j <ax ls isæ d`j jgh gß\ nksukÍ ds` chp
lhek fookn ij ruko gk¥ eÍ blf¥, Hh
cÈ<k] D;kÍfd` phu us ,d` ,sls ”s( ij
,rjkt trk;k] ftlds` ckjs eÍ ekuk x;k
fd` mld`k fuiVkjk gks pqd`k gS\ vejhd`k
ls Hkjr d`h cÈ<rh utnhd`h phu eÍ
ud`kjkRed` ^frf∂`;k iSnk d`j jgh gS fd`
Hkjr] tkiku] vkLV_sf¥;k tSls ,fæ;k-
^ækUr ”s( ds` ¥ksd`rkfU(d` nsæ rƒk
vejhd`k fe¥-tq¥d`j lk>k [rjkÍ d`k
lkeuk d`jÍ\ d`kj. pkgs tks gks] Hkjr vkSj
phu nksukÍ d`k d`ÈMk :[ ”s(h; fLƒjrk ds`
f¥, Bhd` ugÓ\ vkxkeh le; eÍ ;g c¥orh
lEHkouk gS fd` nksukÍ nsæ ds` lEcU|
oSf'od` jktuhfr d`h jkg r; d`jÍxs\ dq`N
le; ig¥s ch¯tx eÍ ^.c eq[thZ us lgh
d`gk ƒk fd` Hkjr-phu lEcU| ,d` vf|d`
egRoiw.Z œS`DVj gksxk] tks 21oÓ ærkCnh
ds` ekuo bfrgkl d`h fnæk r; d`jsxk\
;fn ekStwnk lads`rd`kÍ ij tk,a] rks ekuo
bfrgkl ds` f¥, vx¥k le; dq`N d`fBukbZ
Hjk utj vkrk gS\
gekl }kjk HÈMd`k˜ d`k;Zokgh ds`
tokc eÍ btjkb¥ }kjk Hh". ge¥s eÍ
¥xHx 1300 ¥ksx ekSr ds` fæd`kj gq,
vkSj ¥xHx 5000 ¥ksx ?k;¥ gq,\ bu
ge¥kÍ ds` nwjxkeh nqÆifj.ke lkeus vk,axs\
if'pe ,fæ;k eÍ ruko cÈ<us ls u ds`o¥
d`Pps rs¥ d`h lI¥kbZ ij vkæad`k ds` ckn¥
Nk,axs vkSj muds` ewY; eÍ o~f* gksxh]
cfYd` jk[ ds` uhps tks vkx nch gqbZ ƒh]
og fœ`j lrg ij vkd`j >q¥lus ¥xsxh\
fœ`f¥Lrhu fookn d`kœ`h iqjkuk gS vkSj
mld`k fuiVkjk ;q* ;k rkd`r ds` c¥ ij
ugÓ] cfYd` ækfUr okrkZ ds` tfj, gh lEHo
gS\ tc rd` nksukÍ i” ;g vglkl ugÓ
d`jrs] rc rd` ækfUr ,d` e~x-ejhfpd`k gh
cuh jgsxh\
21oÓ lnh eÍ rs¥ d`h lEink ls brus
vf|d` le~* vf|d`rj vjc nsækÍ eÍ
d`EI;wVj vkSj baVjusV ds` bl ;qx eÍ Hh
vkcknh d`k ,d` cgqr cÈMk fgLlk vfæf”r
gS] dq`iksf"r gS vkSj H;kud` HzÆVkpkj eÍ
thus ds` f¥, fooæ gS\ vf|d`kaæ LƒkukÍ
ij ¥ksx vius okLrfod` ^frfuf| d`ks pquus
eÍ vleƒZ gß\ ,d` ckj fœ`j la;qDr jkÆV_
fod`kl d`k;Z∂`e us viuh jiV eÍ bl ”s(
d`h (klnh d`ks js[kafd`r fd`;k gS\
vkfƒZd` eanh d`k nkSj
vkt iwjk ;wjksi vkfƒZd` eanh ds` nkSj
ls xqtj jgk gS\ vkfƒZd` fod`kl ekbul eÍ
gS vkSj csjkstxkjh cÈ< jgh gS\ rhl ds`
næd` d`h vkfƒZd` eanh ds` ckn vejhd`h
vƒZO;oLƒk ig¥h ckj cqjs nkSj ls xqtj
jgh gS\ fnlEcj 2007 ls mRiUu lc ^kbe
lad`V ds` p¥rs vejhd`k ds` ¥xHx 20
cÈMs fo®h; laLƒku fnokf¥;k gks pqds` gß\
X¥ksc¥kbtsæu] fo'o cktkj] [q¥k lalkj
;s lkjh ckrÍ vpkud` gh ƒe-lh xbZ gß\
,d` vgeΩ ckr ;g Hh gS fd` fcuk d`kjxj
mik; ds` vejhd`h fo®h; laLƒku T;knk
le; rd` ljd`kjh jkgr iSds`t ds` ne ij
lkal ugÓ ¥s ldÍ`xs\
j”k ctV eÍ Hkjh cÈ<ksrjh
oSf'od` vkfƒZd` eanh ds` ckotwn
vf|d`kaæ nsækÍ ds` j”k ctV eÍ Hkjh
cÈ<ksrjh gqbZ gS\ o"Z 2008 ds` j”k ”s( eÍ
lHh nsækÍ }kjk dq`¥ 46 [jc MkW¥j d`h
jkfæ [pZ d`h xbZ\ LVkWd`gkse baVjusæu¥
ihl fjlpZ baLVhVΩ;wV d`h v÷;;u fjiksVZ
eÍ d`gk x;k gS fd` j”k ”s( eÍ 607 vjc
MkW¥j [pZ ds` lkƒ vejhd`k ,d` ckj fœ`j
bl lwph eÍ æh"Z Lƒku ij gS] tcfd` phu
us fczVsu d`ks ihNs NksÈMd`j nwljk Lƒku
gkfl¥ fd`;k gS rƒk ≠`kal rhljs Lƒku ij
gS\ Hkjr Hh 30 vjc MkW¥j ds` lkƒ
lokZf|d` j”k ctV ok¥s æh"Z nl nsækÍ
d`h lwph eÍ ækfe¥ gks x;k gS\
X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx d`h pqukSrh
bDd`hloÓ ærkCnh eÍ i~Foh d`h vkcknh
rd`jhcu lkr vjc d`k vk∑d`ÈMk ikj d`j
pqd`h gS\ tkfgj gS fd` bl nkSj eÍ jkstejkZ
ds` d`kekÍ eÍ ˜tkZ d`k bLrsek¥ cÈ<sxk gh\
gokbZ tgkt] Vs¥hfotu vkSj ckn eÍ gj
etZ d`h nok cu pqd`k baVjusV] lHh d`ks
˜tkZ thok'e ls fe¥rh gS vkSj bld`k
ifj.ke ge X¥ksc¥ okfeÛx ds` Ôi eÍ ns[
jgs gß\ oSKkfud`kÍ us psrkouh nh gS fd` vkus
ok¥s le; eÍ geÍ ^Î`fr eÍ vk'p;Ztud`
vkSj H;kog ifjorZu vkSj ns[us d`ks
fe¥Íxs\ ,sls eÍ vkS»ksxhd`j. d`ks bld`h
d`her pqd`kuh iÈMsxh\ D¥kbesV pÍt ds`
d`kj. fofHUu nsækÍ eÍ Î`f" ds` lkƒ vU;
mRiknkÍ ds` mRiknu iSVuZ ^Hkfor gksus d`k
[rjk gS vkSj xjhc nsækÍ eÍ bld`k
lokZf|d` ^frdw`¥ ^Hko iÈMsxk\
vkt ,MΩl d`h chekjh lEiw.Z fo'o
ds` lkeus ,d` xEHhj pqukSrh cu pqd`h gS\
fo'o eÍ ^fr feuV 10 ¥ksx ,MΩl ds`
fæd`kj gks jgs gß\ nqfu;k eÍ euksjksxkÍ d`k
vk∑d`ÈMk cgqr rsth ls ˜ij tk jgk gS\
fo'o Hj eÍ d`jhc 12·1 d`jksÈM ¥ksx blds`
fæd`kj gß\ vkt Lokbu Œ¥w tSlh chekfj;k∑
pqukSrh ds` rkSj ij gekjs lkeus gß\ nqfu;k
eÍ xjhc vkSj vehj dss` chp [kbZ cÈ< jgh
gS\ oSKkfud` ^xfr ds` lkƒ-lkƒ lqj”k ds`
f¥gkt ls d`bZ pqukSfr;k∑ Hh [ÈMh d`j nh
gß\ fofHUu LƒkukÍ ij vktd`¥ gksus ok¥s
vkrad`h ge¥kÍ eÍ lkbcj rd`uhd` d`k
ted`j bLrsek¥ gks jgk gS\ ,sls eÍ ;g
tÔjh gS fd` lkbcj lqj”k d`ks vkSj T;knk
pkd`-pkScan fd`;k tk,\ blh ∂`e eÍ
lkoZtfud` rkSj ij ekStwn lkbcj dS`œs` d`k
lqj”k d`op Hh T;knk etcwr cuk, tkus
d`h O;oLƒk gksuh pkfg,\
tgk∑ vœ`xkfuLrku tks dq`N gh lk¥
ig¥s rkf¥cku d`h l“r fxjŒr ls eqDr
gksd`j |hjs-|hjs ikcanh d`h ekufld`rk ls
eqDr gks jgk gS rƒk [qn d`ks ,d` u, jkÆV_
ds` Ôi eÍ <k¥ jgk gS] ogÓ bjkd` ls
2011 rd` vejhd`h lSfud`kÍ d`h Lonsæ
okilh ds` lkƒ tuthou lkekU; gksus d`h
mEehn cuh gqbZ gS\ ikfd`Lrku ds` rkf¥cku
d`ek≥Mj cSrqY¥k eglwn ds` vejhd`h
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/805
felkb¥ ge¥s eÍ ekjk tkuk ikfd`Lrku ds` æs" i~ÆB 783 d`k
f¥, cÈMh jkgr d`h ckr gS\ ikfd`Lrku-
vœ`xkfuLrku eÍ vkrad`okn fojks|h ;q* oLrqfuÆB ^'u
vius fu.kZ;d` nkSj eÍ igq∑p jgk gS\ bl 01. N A C I L (National Aviation
oDr egRoiw.Z ;gh gS fd` ikfd`Lrkuh lsuk Company of India Ltd.), Hq.–
eÍ ekStwn rkf¥cku leƒZd` rRo fd`lh Hh eqEcbZ] Lƒkiuk ubZ d`Eiuh ds` Ôi eÍ
d`her ij rkf¥cku ij ncko gYd`k u 30 ekpZ] 2007 d`ks ·czkUM use%Air
gksus nÍ ojuk fd`lh nwljs d`ek≥Mj ds` usr~Ro India ‚ d`h xbZ] ftld`k ¥ksxks (Logo)
eÍ os fœ`j mrus gh etcwr gks ld`rs gß\ gS%
vc vUrjkZÆV_h; vkrad`okn ij O;kid` (A) egkjktk
lEes¥u ij lgefr d`k le; vk x;k gS\ (B) bxzqvk
fo'o ds` lHh nsækÍ d`ks vkrad`okn ds` (C) iougal
f[¥kœ` [ÈMk gksuk gksxk rƒk xgjh tÈMÍ (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
tek, vkrad`oknh xqVkÍ ls fuiVus ds` f¥,
tcnZLr tehuh d`ke d`h tÔjr iÈMsxh\ 02. ‘bxzqvk’ ·IGRUA %bafnjk xka|h
jkÆV_h; mÈMku vd`kneh) }kjk nsæ eÍ
,slk d`jrs gq, lHh nsækÍ d`ks bu rkd`rkÍ
d`h lEHkfor ^frf∂`;k ls fuiVus ds` f¥, okf.fT;d` ik;¥VkÍ ds` mÈMku ,oa Lƒ¥
^fæ”. eÍ lq|kj ¥kus ds` mˆs'; ls
Hh iwjh rS;kjh d`juh gksxh\
Lƒkiuk d`gk∑ d`h xbZ`=
lEiw . Z fujLrhd`j. næd`kÍ rd`
(A) t;iqj ·jktLƒku‚
la;qDr jkÆV_ la? d`h d`k;Zlwph eÍ ækfe¥
jgk gS] ¥sfd`u ijek.q vL(kÍ ds` vkxeu (B) œq`lZrxat] jk;cjs¥h ·m®j ^nsæ‚
ls ;g d`k;Zlwph vR;Ur tfV¥ cu xbZ gS\ (C) Hksik¥ ·e÷; ^nsæ‚
iwjh nqfu;k blh vkæad`k d`ks ¥sd`j ƒjƒjk (D) iVuk ·fcgkj‚
jgh gS fd` ;fn v¥d`k;nk tSls vkrad`oknh 03. A A I (Airport Authority of
laxBukÍ us ijek.q vL(kÍ d`ks ;k bld`h India)%AAI Act. 1994 ds` rgrΩ
VsDuks¥kWth d`ks gkfl¥ d`j f¥;k] rks iwjh Lƒkiuk] nsæ eÍ d`c ls d`k;ZjrΩ gS`=
nqfu;k d`Hh Hh vkx ds` æks¥kÍ eÍ cn¥ (A) 1 v^S¥] 1995
ld`rh gS\ blf¥, iwjs fo'o d`h ;g (B) 1 v^S¥] 1997
ftEesnkjh gS fd` og ,sls nsækÍ d`h ijek.q (C) 1 ebZ] 1998
æfDr vius laj”. eÍ ¥s tgk∑ vkrad`okn (D) 2 vDVwcj] 2000
iuius ds` [rjs fNis gq, gß\ ftl ^d`kj
phu] vejhd`k] Ôl] ≠`kal vkSj fczVsu bu 04. iougal gs¥hd`kWIVlZ f¥feVsM (Pawan
Hans Helicopters Ltd.–PHHL)
ik∑p ijek.q æfDr lEiUu ih-5 nsækÍ d`h
;g ftEesnkjh gS fd` ijek.q æfDr d`k ·jftLVMZ vkWfœ`l] ubZ fnY¥h‚ ,d`
ljd`kjh d`Eiuh ds` Ôi eÍ Lƒkiuk
^;ksx ds`o¥ fod`kl vkSj ækfUriw.Z d`k;ksÛ
ds` f¥, fd`;k tk, vkSj lkƒ gh fd`lh Hh d`h xbZ ƒh%
Lrj ij fd`lh ,sls nwljs nsæ d`ks ;g (A) vDVwcj] 1975 eÍ
ijek.q æfDr gkfl¥ u d`jus nÍ] tks (B) vDVwcj] 1977 eÍ
vUrjkZÆV_h; fu;ekÍ d`ks |rk crkrk jgk gks\ (C) vDVwcj] 1985 eÍ
tkiku ij fo'o ds` ig¥s ijek.q (D) vDVwcj] 2000 eÍ
ge¥s d`h 64 oÓ cjlh ij lHh nsækÍ d`ks 05. ukxj foekuu ea(k¥; (Ministry of
ijek.q jfgr fo'o cukus d`k lad`Yi ¥suk Civil Aviation, GOI) }kjk fod`¥kax
gksxk\ vc vUrjkZÆV_h; vkrad`okn ij O;fâ`;kÍ gsrq leku volj] vf|d`kjkÍ
O;kid` lEes¥u ij lgefr d`k le; vk ds` j”kiw.Z fgLlsnkjh gsrq fod`¥kax
x;k gS\ fo'o ds` nsækÍ ds` chp [q¥k O;kikj O;fâ` vf|fu;e cuk;k gqvk gS] tks
gks] geÍ ekfVZu ¥wƒj ¯d`x ds` ^se vkSj ……… gS%
xka|h ds` v¯glk ds` fl*kUrkÍ d`ks viukuk (A) Protection of Rights, Act
gh gksxk\ geÍ ch¯tx vks¥fEid` [s¥kÍ d`k 1995
L¥ksxu ‘ou oYMZ ou M_he’ d`ks gd`hd`r (B) Protection of Rights, Act
eÍ cn¥uk gksxk] ftld`k er¥c gS ‘,d` 1996
lalkj ,d` lksp’ ø bl vkLƒk ds` c¥ ij (C) Protection of Rights, Act
1998
æh?z gh og fnu Hh vk,axs tc |jrh ij
(D) None of These
ækfUr gksxh vkSj euqÆ; ek( ds` ^fr
lnΩHkouk\ rHh fo'o ds` gj nsæ eÍ] gj m®jek¥k
egk}hi eÍ 21oÓ lnh eÍ jkejkT; Lƒkfir
gks lds`xk\ ●●● ●●●
 15.fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk nsæ d`jksÈMkÍ
^frær eqnzkLœ`hfr d`h pisV eÍ gS
lkekU; Kku ^fr;ksfxrk ftlds` p¥rs ogk∑ eqnzk d`k ewY;
ux≥; jg x;k gS =
(A) bfƒ;ksfi;k (B) lksekf¥;k
(C) d`hfu;k (D) ftEckCos
01. ,l\ pUnzæs[j d`k uke fuEuf¥f[r 08. Hkjr eÍ eqnzkLœ`hfr fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls
eÍ ls fd`l ”s( ls tqÈMk gS = fd`l lwpd`kad` ij ekih tkrh gS = 16. ‘fcElVsd`’ (BIMSTEC) fd`rus nsækÍ
(A) cz©k≥M foKku (A) fuokZg O;; lwpd`kad` (COLI) d`k ikjLifjd` vkfƒZd` lg;ksx ds`
(B) jlk;u foKku (B) miHksDrk ewY; lwpd`kad` (CPI) f¥, cuk;k x;k laxBu gS =
(A) 5 (B) 7
(C) rj¥ ;kaf(d`h (C) ƒksd` ewY; lwpd`kad` (WPI)
(C) 9 (D) 10
(D) [xks¥ HkSfrd`h (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
02. lafo|ku eÍ fd`l ij egkfH;ksx p¥kus 09. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulk tuin 17. ‘vksjsUt ∂`kfUr’ fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls
ds` f¥, d`ksbZ ^ko|ku ugÓ gS = b¥kgkckn tuin ds lkƒ lhek ugÓ fd`l nsæ ls lEc* gS =
cukrk gS = (A) lwMku (B) rqd`hZ
(A) Hkjr ds` eq“; U;k;k|hæ
(A) fp(dw`V (C) ;w ∂ s ` u (D) czkth¥
(B) fd`lh mPp U;k;k¥; ds` eq“;
U;k;k|hæ (B) lksuHnz 18. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l ,d` ds` lkƒ
(C) jkT;ik¥ (C) tkSuiqj ‘Vsful d`ksVZ vksƒ’ lEc* gS =
(D) mijkÆV_ifr (D) lUr jfonkl uxj (A) vejhd`h ∂`kfUr
(B) œz`kalhlh ∂`kfUr
03. d`kslksoks us fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l nsæ 10. ‘ufpds ` rk’ vk“;ku d`k mY¥s [
ls viuh Lok|hurk d`h ?ks".k d`h = fd`leÍ fe¥rk gS = (C) baxf¥æ ∂`kfUr
(A) eSlhMksfu;k (A) vƒoZosn eÍ (D) Ôlh ∂`kfUr
(B) ∂`ks,fæ;k (B) o~gnkj≥;d` mifu"nΩ eÍ 19. vk;ZHVΩV d`ks d`gk∑ ls NksÈMk x;k ƒk =
(C) cqYxkfj;k (C) d`Bksifu"nΩ eÍ (A) Jhgfjd`ksVk ls
(D) lfcZ;k (D) æriƒ czk©. eÍ (B) pkanhiqj ls
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ls fd`u nks nsækÍ us ¥ÈMkbZ ¥ÈMh = fd`lus d`gk ƒk = (D) bueÍ ls d`ksbZ ugÓ
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(B) bfƒ;ksfi;k vkSj lksekf¥;k (B) egkRek xka|h us vofLƒr gS =
(C) ds`U;k vkSj lksekf¥;k (C) t;^d`kæ ukjk;. us (A) ukfld` eÍ
(D) bfƒ;ksfi;k vkSj lwMku (D) tokgj¥k¥ usgÔ us (B) vejkorh eÍ
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old) fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`ld`h jpuk ‘;wjsfu;e flVh’ Lƒkfir d`jus d`k (D) gfj}kj eÍ
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(A) ljksftuh uk;Mw (A) la;qDr jkT; vejhd`k ^okfgr gksrh gS =
(B) ,uh cslÍV (B) Ôl (A) ^ækUr egklkxj
(C) v:.k vklœ` v¥h (C) d`ukMk (B) vV¥kf≥Vd` egklkxj eÍ
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d`jus ls bud`kj d`j fn;k = fo÷oald` p∂`okr d`ks ls d`kSulk gS =
(A) vk;j¥S≥M (B) œz`kal (C) vestu csflu eÍ fo÷oald` ckÈ< (A) RBI (B) SEBI
(C) teZuh (D) bV¥h d`ks (C) IRDA (D) LIC
07. xhrk pUnzu fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls fd`l (D) eSfDld`ks d`h [kÈMh eÍ fo÷oald`
gjhds`u d`ks 23. ukSlsuk d`h nf”. d`eku fLƒr gS%
Ôi eÍ ^fl* gß =
(A) ok;f¥u oknd` (A) foæk[kirueΩ eÍ
14. œ`ukZ≥Mks ¥qxks fd`l nsæ ds` jkÆV_ifr
(B) ækL(h; d`ukZVd` xkf;d`k pqus x, gß = (B) fr:ouUriqjeΩ eÍ
(C) fœ`Ye vfHus(h (A) czkth¥ ds` (B) lksekf¥;k ds` (C) d`ksphu ·d`ksfPp‚ eÍ
(D) HjrukVΩ;eΩ u~R;kaxuk (C) ijkxq, ds` (D) vtsZUVhuk ds` (D) eqEcbZ eÍ

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/806
24. tw¥sl fjesV d`i (Jules Rimet Cup) fd`l [s¥ ls
lEcfU|r gS =
(A) gkWd`h (B) Vsful
(C) ckLds`Vck¥ (D) œq`Vck¥
25. miHksDrk mRikn cukus ok¥h ‘,¥ th’ (LG) d`Eiuh ew¥r#
fd`l nsæ d`h gS =
(A) phu d`h
(B) tkiku d`h
(C) nf”. d`ksfj;k d`h
(D) e¥sfæ;k d`h
26. fuEuf¥f[r eÍ ls d`kSulh ,d` d`EcksfM;k d`h jkt|kuh gS =
(A) gks ph feUg flVh (B) gsuksbZ
(C) lsek jax (D) ukse isUg
27. ik'oZ eÍ fn;k x;k fp( fd`ld`k gS`=
(A) ,l\ ds`\ oku[sÈMs
(B) ¥k¥k vejukƒ
(C) jkt¯lg Mwwaxjiqj
(D) lh\ ds\ uk;Mw

28. ik'oZ eÍ fn, x, fp( d`ks igpkfu,%

(A) fnxEcj d`ker
(B) ikaK;w œ`kWe
(C) ih\ lh\ tksjelaxf¥;kuk
(D) iou pke¯¥x
●●●

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tk,xk\
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6. væq* mÂkj nsus ij vad` d`kVs tk,axs\
7. lokZf|d` æq* g¥ Hstus ok¥s izfr;ksxh d`ks izFke iqjLd`kj LoÔi
700 :i, fn, tk,axs\ mlls d`e æq* g¥ Hstus ok¥s
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næk eÍ og U;k;k¥; d`k fo"; ugÓ gksxk\

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/807
 ❄❄❄ ❄❄❄
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loZæq* g¥ lkFk esa fu%'kqYd iqfLrdk
flfoYk lsok ijh{kk esa lQYkrk
E-mail : publisher@upkar.in
mid`kj izd`kæu] vkxjk–2 Website : www.upkar.in

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/809
 Andhra Bank Marketing Associates, (IInd Shift) Exam., 5-7-2009 Solved Paper
English Language
(Based on Memory)
Directions—(Q. 1–8) Read the
following passage carefully and
answer the questions given below it.
Certain words/phrases have been
printed in bold to help you locate
them while answering some of the
questions.
A new analysis has determined
that the threat of global warming can
still be greatly diminished if nations
cut emissions of heat-trapping green-
house gases by 70% this century. The
analysis was done by scientists at the
National Center for Atmospheric
Research (NCAR). While global
temperatures would rise, the most
dangerous potential aspects of climate
change, including massive losses of
Arctic sea ice and permafrost and
significant sea-level rise, could be
partially avoided.
“This research indicates that we
can no longer avoid significant
warming during this century,” said
NCAR scientist Warren Washington,
the study paper’s lead author. “But, if
the world were to implement this
level of emission cuts, we could
stabilize the threat of climate change”,
he added.
Average global temperatures
have warmed by close to 1 degree
Celsius since the pre-industrial era.
Much of the warming is due to
human-produced emissions of
greenhouse gases, predominantly
carbon dioxide. This heat-trapping
gas has increased from a pre-
industrial level of about 284 parts per
million (ppm) in the atmosphere to
more than 380 ppm today. With
research showing that additional
warming of about 1 degree C may be
the threshold for dangerous climate
change, the European Union has
called for dramatic cuts in emissions
of carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases.
To examine the impact of such
cuts on the world’s climate,
Washington and his colleagues ran a
series of global studies with the
NCAR-based Community Climate
^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/810
System Model (CCSM). They
assumed that carbon dioxide levels
could be held to 450 ppm at the end
of this century. In contrast, emissions
are now on track to reach about 750
ppm by 2100 if unchecked. The
team’s results showed that if carbon
dioxide were held to 450 ppm, global
temperatures would increase by 0·6
degrees Celsius above current
readings by the end of the century. In
contrast, the study showed that
temperatures would rise by almost
four times that amount, to 2·2
degrees Celsius above current
readings, if emissions were allowed
to continue on their present course.
Holding carbon dioxide levels to 450
ppm would have other impacts,
according to the climate modeling
study.
Sea-level rise due to thermal
expansion as water temperatures
warmed would be 14 centimetres
(about 5·5 inches) instead of 22
centimetres (8·7 inches). Also, Arctic
ice in the summertime would shrink
by about a quarter in volume and
stabilize by 2100, as opposed to
shrinking atleast three-quarters and
continuing to melt, and Arctic
warming would be reduced by almost
half.
01. Why has the European Union
called for dramatic cuts in
carbon dioxide and greenhouse
gas emissions ?
(A) As global warming is not an
issue of concern
(B) As the temperatures may
rise almost by an additional one
degree and this may lead to
severe climate change
(C) As the NCAR has forced
the European Union to announce
the cuts
(D) As all the nations have
decided to cut emissions of
carbon dioxide
(E) None of these
02. What would not be one of the
impacts of cutting greenhouse
gas emissions ?
(A) Temperatures will stop
soaring
(B) Ice in the Arctic sea would
melt at a slower pace
(C) The rise in sea level would
be lesser
(D) All of the above would be
the impact
(E) None of these
03. What would be the impact of
holding the carbon dioxide level
at 450 ppm at the end of this
century ?
1. Global temperatures would
increase by 0·6 degrees
Celcius.
2. Arctic warming would be
reduced by half.
3. Thermal expansion will
stop completely.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 1 and 2
(C) Only 2 and 3
(D) All the three 1, 2 and 3
(E) None of these
04. What does the scientist Warren
Washington mean when he says
“we could stabilize the threat of
climate change” ?
(A) Climate change can be
stopped completely
(B) Climate change can be reg-
ularized
(C) Climate change and its
effects can be studied exten-
sively
(D) The ill-effects of the change
in climate can be minimized
(E) None of these
05. Why did Washington and his
colleagues conduct a series of
studies ?
(A) Because they realized that
the temperature increase was
almost about 1 degree
(B) So that they could stabilize
the climate change
(C) So that they could help the
European Union in cutting the
carbon dioxide emissions
(D) Because they found out that
the greenhouse gas emissions
could be cut by 70%
(E) None of these
06. What would be the impact of
unchecked greenhouse gas and
carbon dioxide emissions ?
 (A) The temperature would rise 12. dramatic and college, will inaugurate the
from the current temperature by (A) unprecedented match tomorrow in Pune.
2·2 degrees Celsius (B) thrilling (A) will be inaugurate
(B) The sea-level would rise by (C) spectacular (B) is inauguration
about 5·5 inches (C) will inaugurating
(D) effective
(C) The arctic ice would stabi- (D) is inaugurate
lize by 2100 (E) feeble
(E) No Correction Required
(D) The arctic ice would reduce Directions—(Q. 13–15) Choose
by one-fourth the word which is MOST OPPO- 19. At a musical night organised for
SITE in MEANING to the word them, the artistic side of the
(E) None of these
printed in bold as used in the doctors came as forward, as
07. What can be the most appro- passage. they sang beautifully and made
priate title of the above passage ? the evening truly memorable.
13. opposed
(A) A study of the rise in water (A) come forward
level (A) resistant (B) against
(B) come to the fore
(B) A study of rise in tempera- (C) favouring (D) similar
(C) came to the forth
tures (E) agree
(D) came to the fore
(C) A study of the effects of 14. diminished (E) No Correction Required
greenhouse gas emissions (A) created (B) rose
(D) A study of the Arctic region 20. Although scared of heights, she
(C) increased (D) lessen gather all her courage and
(E) A study of change in (E) finished stood atop the 24-storey building
seasons
15. significant to participate in the activities.
08. Which of the following state- (A) substantial (A) gathered all her courage
ments is true in context of the
(B) miniscule (B) gathered all courageous
passage ?
(C) incoherent (C) gather all courageous
(A) At present the carbon
dioxide emission is about 284 (D) unimportant (D) is gathered all courage
ppm (E) irrelevant (E) No Correction Required
(B) The carbon dioxide emis- Directions—(Q. 16–20) Which Directions—(Q. 21–25) Each
sions will be about 450 ppm at of the phrases (A), (B), (C) and (D) question below has two blanks, each
the end of this century if given below each sentence should blank indicating that something has
unchecked replace the phrase printed in bold in been omitted. Choose the set of
(C) The carbon dioxide emission the sentence to make it grammatically words for each blank which best fits
was about 380 ppm during the correct ? If the sentence is correct as the meaning of the sentence as a
pre-industrial era it is given and No Correction is whole.
(D) The carbon dioxide emis- Required, mark (E) as the answer. 21. Along with a sharp rise in ……,
sions will be about 750 ppm at 16. Naturally, with everything gone a recession would eventually
the end of this century if so well for them, it was time for result in more men, women and
unchecked celebration. children living in ……
(E) None of these (A) go so well (A) crime, apathy
Directions—(Q. 9–12) Choose (B) going so well (B) fatalities, poor
the word which is MOST SIMILAR (C) gone as well (C) deaths, slums
in MEANING to the word printed in (D) going as well (D) unemployment, poverty
bold as used in the passage. (E) No Correction Required (E) migrations streets
09. predominantly 17. The ban was imposed by the 22. Behaving in a …… and serious
(A) clearly (B) aggressively state’s commercial taxes depart- way, even in a …… situation,
(C) mainly (D) firstly ment last Friday after protests by makes people respect you.
a certain community, which had (A) calm, difficult
(E) faintly threat to burn cinema halls (B) steady, angry
10. massive screening the controversial movie.
(C) flamboyant, tricky
(A) tall (B) tough (A) had threats of burning
(D) cool, astounding
(C) total (D) little (B) had threated to burn
(E) silly, sound
(E) severe (C) had threatened to burn
11. shrink (D) had threatened to burning 23. An airplane with …… passen-
gers on board made an unsched-
(A) contract (B) physician (E) No Correction Required uled …… as the airport to which
(C) wither (D) shrivel 18. Rakesh, an avid football player it was heading was covered with
(E) reduce who captained his team in school thick fog.

^fr;ksfxrk niZ./uoEcj/2009/812
 (A) irritable, slip 28. Which of the following should slumped to its lowest level.
(B) faulty, stop be the FOURTH sentence after (D)
(C) variety, halt rearrangement ? No error
(D) tons, wait (A) 2 (B) 3 (E)
(E) numerous, landing (C) 4 (D) 5
35. The buzz at the party was / that a
(E) 6 (A)
24. The government has …… to
provide financial aid to the ones 29. Which of the following should famous / filmstar and politician,
…… by severe floods in the city. be the FIRST sentence after rear- (B) (C)
(A) desired, troubled rangement ? would / probable drop by for a
(B) promised, havoc (A) 1 (B) 2 (D)
(C) 3 (D) 4 while. No error
(C) failed, affected
(E) 5 (E)
(D) wanted, struck
(E) decided, ill 30. Which of the following should 36. The President has denied / that
be the SECOND sentence after (A)
25. Deemed universities …… huge the economy is in recession / or
rearrangement ?
fees, but have not been success- (B)
ful in providing …… education (A) 2 (B) 3
was go into one / despite a spate
to our students. (C) 4 (D) 5
(C)
(A) collect, maintaining (E) 6 of downcast reports. No error
(B) pay, better Directions—(Q. 31–40) Read (D) (E)
(C) ask, good each sentence to find out whether
37. Aggression in some teenage
(D) charge, quality there is any grammatical error or
(A)
idiomatic error in it. The error, if any,
(E) demand, quantitative boys / may be linkage to overly /
will be in one part of the sentence.
Directions—(Q. 26–30) Rear- The letter of that part is the answer. (B)
range the following six sentences 1, If there is no error, the answer is (E). large glands in their brains, / a
2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 in the proper sequence (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any). (C)
to form a meaningful paragraph; then new study has found. No error
31. The angry at being / left out of
answer the questions given below (D) (E)
(A) (B)
them. 38. The opposition disrupted pro-
the bonanza / is palpable among/
1. In turn the buyer is called the (C) (A)
franchisee. employees of the organization. ceedings / in both Houses of
2. These two parties are called the (D) (B)
franchisor and franchisee. No error Parliament / for the second
3. This means that it gives per- (E) (C)
mission for the buyer to use its consecutive day / above the
32. There are just too few trains / for
name and sell its products.
(A)
4. He pays money to the franchisor, the ever-grow / number of plight of farmers in the country.
and agrees to obey the rules the (B) (C) (D)
franchisor makes. No error
passengers / in the city. No error
5. A franchising agreement includes (D) (E) (E)
two parties.
33. If all goes well, / the exami- 39. In response to the growing crisis /
6. The franchisor is the business (A)
(A)
house/entity which grants the
nation scheduled for next month / the agency is urgently asking
franchisee license.
(B) (B)
26. Which of the following should is all set to be completely free / for / more contributions, to make
be the LAST (SIXTH) sentence (C) (C)
after rearrangement ? up for / its sharp decline in
from annoying power cuts and
(A) 2 (B) 3 (D) (D)
(C) 4 (D) 5 disruptions. No error purchasing power. No error
(E) 6 (E) (E)
27. Which of the following should 34. His comments came after / the 40. The tennis player easy through /
be the THIRD sentence after (A) (A)
rearrangement ? research group said that its / the opening set before her oppo-
(A) 5 (B) 6 (B) (B)
(C) 1 (D) 4 consumer confidence index were/ nent, / rallied to take the final
(E) 2 (C) (C)

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 two sets / for the biggest victory 42. (A) decrease (B) abundance 50. (A) created (B) established
(D) (C) increase (D) variance (C) wealthy (D) costly
of her young career. No error (E) more (E) stand
(E) 43. (A) strengthens Answers with Hints
Directions—(Q. 41–50) In the (B) volatile
following passage there are blanks, (C) weakens
each of which has been numbered. (D) initiates
These numbers are printed below the
(E) awakens
passage and against each, five words
are suggested, one of which fits the 44. (A) result (B) payment
blank appropriately. Find out the (C) maintained (D) yield
appropriate word in each case. (E) heavy
In economics, the term recession 45. (A) yearn (B) made
generally describes the reduction of a (C) are (D) want
country’s Gross Domestic Product (E) tend
(GDP) for atleast two quarters. A
recession is …(41)… by rising unem- 46. (A) increased (B) fight
ployment, increase in government (C) distribute (D) recover
borrowing, …(42)… of share and (E) wait
stock prices and falling investment. 47. (A) included (B) encompass
All of these characteristics have (C) meant (D) show
effects on people. Some recessions (E) numbered
have been anticipated by stock 48. (A) healthy (B) nutritious
market declines. The real-estate
(C) fearful (D) dangerous
market also usually …(43)… before
a recession. However real-estate (E) abnormally
declines can last much longer than 49. (A) element (B) integral
recessions. During an economic (C) alternative (D) variant
decline, high …(44)… stocks such as (E) substitute ●●●
financial services, pharmaceuticals
and tobacco …(45)… to hold up
better. However when the economy
starts to recover growth, stocks tend
to recover faster. There is significant
disagreement about how health care
and utilities tend to …(46)….
In 2008, an economic recession
was suggested by several important
indicators of economic downturn.
These …(47)… high oil prices, which
led to …(48)… high food prices due
to a dependence of food production
on petroleum, as well as using food
crop products such as ethanol and
biodiesel as an …(49)… to petroleum
and global inflation; a substantial
credit crisis leading to the drastic lEiknd` e≥M¥ # izfr;ksfxrk niZ.
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