LUNDS TEKNISKA HGSKOLA Dept of Electrical and Information Technology

Exam in AVANCERAD TELECOMMUNICATIONS, 2008-03-14

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Questions from the book: 1. What are the main problems of signal propagation? Why do radio waves not always follow a straight line? Why is reflection both useful and harmful? (2. ! (" cr! 2. #ssume that all stations can hear all other stations. $ne station wants to transmit and senses the carrier idle. Why can a collision still occur after the start of transmission? (".%! (" cr! ". Why are &'$ systems for telecommunications currently being replaced by fiber optics? ((.2!. )ow do inclination and elevation determine the use of a satellite? ((."! (" cr! *. +ompared to the ,+)s offered- standard &./ should provide much higher data rate ("". kbps! when looking at the air interface. What lowers the data rates available to a user? (*.*! (" cr! (. +ompare the Qo. offered the three 0#1s in ad2hoc mode. (3''' 42.11- )iperlan33 and 5luetooth respectively!. What advantages does as additional infrastructure offer? )ow is Qo. provided in 5luetooth? +an one of the 0#1 technologies offer hard Qo. (i.e. not only statistical guarantees regarding a Qo. papameter!? (6. ! (" cr! $ther 7uestions: 1. a! &ive the main reason why spread spectrum techni7ues are used. (" cr! b! W0#1s may operate either in an infrastructure mode or in an ad2hoc mode. 8escribe the two modes. (" cr! c! 8escribe the 9)idden ,erminal :roblem;. (* cr! 2. a! Which spread spectrum techni7ue is used in 5luetooth? (" cr! b! 3n 5luetooth you find two different types of links- the .ynchronous connection oriented link (.+$! and the #synchronous connectionless link (#+0!. 8escribe the two links. (" cr! c! 8escribe the /#+2protocol used for the #+02links. (* cr!

". 3n &./ there are several databases and registers. 8escribe the function of the )0<the =0<- the #u+ and the '3<- respectively. (14 cr! *. a! 3n >/,. (in >,<#! there are two modes- the >,<#2?88 and the >,<#2,88. 8escribe the two modes. (" cr! b! When a mobile sends to the <1. (the <adio 1etwork .ystem!- i.e. uplink- two different codes are used- the .preading code and the .crambling code (see ?igure 1!. 8escribe the use of these two types of codes on the uplink. (* cr! c! 3n &:<.- two new types of backbone elements are introduced- the .&.1 and the &&.1. 8escribe the two. (" cr! (. a! ?or an 3''' 42.11 W0#1 all the participating nodes need to be synchroni@ed in time. ?igure 2 shows the beacon transmission in a busy 42.11 infrastructure network. 8escribe how the synchroni@ation is achieved. (* cr! b! )ow is the synchroni@ation handled in ad2hoc mode? (A cr! c! ?igure " shows an eBample of the :ower management procedure in 42.11 working in infrastructure mode. 8escribe the function with comments related to the figureC 1ote that you should also mention about the ,3/ interval as well as the 8,3/ intervals. (( cr! A. a! 3n 3''' 42.11 networks- three different /#+ algorithms are defined. ,here is Dust one that is mandatory. ,he three /#+2protocols are: 95asic 8?W/#+28+?;98?W/#+28+? with <,.E+,. eBtension; and 8?W/#+2:+? with polling. (8?W/#+: 8istributed ?oundation Wireless /edium #ccess +ontrolF 8+?: distributed coordination functionF :+?: point coordination function! 8escribe the threeC (14 cr! b! 8escribe the eBponential back2off algorithm. (( cr!

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