Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Learning Objectives
1. Explain emergency care as a collaborative, holistic approach that includes the patient, the family, and significant others. 2. Discuss priority emergency measures instituted for any patient with an emergency condition. 3. Describe the emergency management of patients with intraabdominal injuries. 4. Identify the priorities of care for the patient with multiple injuries. 5. Compare and contrast the emergency management of patients with heat stroke, frostbite, and hypothermia.
Learning Objectives
6.Specify the similarities and differences of the emergency
Continuum of Care
Discharge planning Community Services
Emergent
Urgent Non-urgent
A, B, C
Neuro Health history and head-to-toe assessment
Health history
Triage
Triage sorts patients by hierarchy based on the severity of health problems and the immediacy with which these problems must be treated The triage nurse collects data and classifies the illnesses and injuries to ensure that the patients most in need of care do not needlessly wait
Airway Obstruction
Head-Tilt-Chin-Lift Maneuver Jaw-Thrust Maneuver Oropharyngeal Airway Insertion Endotracheal Intubation Alternative Intubation Method
Cricothyroidotomy
Hemorrhage
Fluid Replacement Control of External Hemorrhage Control of Internal Bleeding
Hypovolemic Shock
Patent airway and ventilation Restoration of circulating fluid volume Central Venous Pressure Blood component therapy
Wounds
Restore physical integrity and function of injured tissue, with minimal scarring and without infection Wound cleansing
Primary closure
Delayed primary closure
Assessment
Obtain history Perform abdominal assessment and assess other body systems for injuries that frequently accompany abdominal injuries
Environmental EmergenciesFrostbite
Trauma from freezing temperature and actual freezing of fluid in the intracellular and intercellular spaces Manifestations: hard, cold, and insensitive to touch; may appear white or mottled; and may turn red and painful as rewarmed The extent of injury is not always initially known Controlled but rapid rewarming; 37 to 40 C circulating bath for 30- to 40-minute intervals Administer analgesics for pain Do not massage or handle; if feet are involved, do not allow patient to walk
Environmental EmergenciesHypothermia
Internal core temperate is 35 C or less
Elderly, infants, persons with concurrent illness, the homeless, and trauma victims are at risk
Alcohol ingestion increases susceptibility
Monitor continuously
Cold blood returning from the extremities has high levels of lactic acid and can cause potential cardiac dysrhythmias and electrolyte disturbances
Psychiatric Emergencies
Overactive, underactive, violent, and depressed or suicidal patients Management
Maintain the safety of all persons and gain control of the situation
Determine if the patient is at risk for injuring himself or others Maintain the persons self-esteem while providing care Determine if the person has a psychiatric history or is currently under care to contact the therapist Crisis intervention Interventions specific to each of the conditions
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