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Ideal Gas law PV = nRT n = number of moles R = universal gas constant = 8.3145 J/mol K Boyle's law P1V1 = P2V2

Combined Gas law

P1V1 = T1

P2V2 T2

Chemistry Homework Answers

Charles law

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V1 = T1

V2 T2

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Gay-Lussac law

P1 = T1

P2 T2

Diffusion: Rate at which two gases mix Graham's law of diffusion The rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of their density or the molar mass of the gas.

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Periodic Table Worksheets

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Organic Chemistry Classes Effusion: Rate at which a gas escapes thru pin hole Graham's law of effusion The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of either the density or the molar mass of the gas. Solution: Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Solute is a substance that is dissolved in the solution. Solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute. Solvent is present in greater amount.

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Concentration is the ratio of solute and solvent. Concentration can be measured using molarity, molality and mole fraction.
moles of solute Molarity (M) = liters of solution

Unit of Molarity (M) : mol/L : moles per litre Unit of Molality (M) : mol/kg : moles per kg

moles of solute Molality (m) = kg of solution

Mole fraction: Mole fraction of a Dilution: Siluting a solution means adding component in solution is the number of more solvent in solution without the moles of that component divided by the addition of more solute. total number of moles of all components in MiVi = MfVf the solution.
molesa Mole-fraction (Xa)= molesa + molesb ....

Mi: Vi: Mf: Vf:

Molarity of solution before diluting. Volume of solution before diluting. Molarity of solution after diluting. Volume of solution after diluting.

Mole: Mole is the amount of substance that One mole of gas has volume of 22.4 liter contains same number of particles as there at STP. are atoms in Carbon-12. One mole of substance is Avogadro's number (i.e. 6.023 x 1023).
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Relation between moles and grams 1 mole = molecular weight of substance in grams.

Ionization Enthalpy: It is the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom or molecule (i.e from low state to n=). It is always endothermic (i.e. positive). OR Ionization energy: energy needed to remove an electron from an atom

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

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[A-] pH = pKa + log10 [HA]

where [A-]: Concentration of conjugate base [HA]: concentration of the acid OR

[Conjugate Base] pH = pKa + log10 [Acid]

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