Slag and/or Dross Formation Tendency 2/20/2014

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Metal Types The dictionary meaning of slag and dross are the same that is residue left behind in the Investment Casting – Design
Metal Finishing melting process of metals. This residue is a waste by product and processors would like Attributes
to avoid this waste.
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• Casting Process
In foundry terminology, slag
• Commercial Foundry and dross do not hold
Graphite Crucible
• Casting Applications exactly same meaning. Slag www.mecekagraphite.in ► Scrap Iron
• Foundry Equipment is said to be refuse High Density Casting ,Graining and Melting ► Steel Casting
• Hobby Foundry produced as a result of crucible for jwellery
melting non ferrous material
► Metal Casting
which have a high melting
point. These products are
► Die Casting usually made up of liquid
► Alloy Casting non metallic components
► Aluminum Casting and are an outcome of
alloying and oxidation in air.
Market Research Reports Whereas dross is said to be
related to non ferrous alloys,
Snapshots US Aluminium2007
which have a low melting point. These are produces when molten metal comes in contact
Metals & Mining in the United with air.
Kingdom
More Reports Some molten metals leave behind more slag / dross than others. Castings made from
such alloys leave behind higher quantity of non metallic refuse. However, some casting
techniques, quality checks and design factors which can help significantly reduce
Communicate occurrence of non metallic components. Better design principles if used reduce
occurrence of non metallic components in casting process which affect the superiority of
Get feedback and comments the casting.
from qualified metal casting
experts and take part in the The best way to reduce the occurrence of non metallic components is to stop their
discussion forum. formation through good casting procedures and practices. Alloys which have a high fluid
life can use ceramic filters which increasingly help a foundry reduce non metallic
inclusions. Alloys like titanium which have a high incidence of dross should use vacuum
melting and pouring to avoid dross.

Aluminum oxide dross layer, which forms a layer on the top of molten metal, can be
removed from the molten metal through drossing fluxes. Dross and metal (in liquid or
solid form) are usually blended together in this layer of dross. When drossing fluxes react
on aluminum oxide in slag or dross layer, metal can usually be separated and recovered.
The fluorides present in drossing fluxes liquidate and melt the oxide layer.

► Scrap Metal ► Slag Cement ► Metal Waste ► Metal Wall

This reaction is 6Na2SiF6 + 2Al2O3 ? 4Na3AlF6 + 3SiO2 + 3SiF4

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Slag and/or Dross Formation Tendency 2/20/2014

If the reaction causes a sufficient shaking up of the oxides, the oxide layer is broken down
and metal can be separated from the film. Aluminum industry vastly uses this technique of
drossing fluxes to avoid wastage of metal in dross. Raw dross may have as much as 60 %
- 85% metal content, which is wasted, if it is allowed to burn up.

Wall cleaning fluxes can be applied to walls with a gunning device. These fluxes help
reduce the oxide layer that forms on the walls.

Molten zinc can also be recovered from dross where zinc coating machinery and zinc pot
containing metal which is to be quoted is being used.
A pressurized motor is used to supply power. This motor has a piston joined to the
cylinder.
A ladle with a long handle is used to manually skim the dross for metal. This skimmer
is U shaped.
A firm support is provided to the ladle in the form of a C shaped frame. The lower
portion of this frame has a spherical seat, which is similar to the U shape of the
skimming apparatus. This C frame supports the ladle under the ram.
A drive shaft is attached to the upper portion of the C frame at one end and the motor
supplying power at the other end. This helps to and fro movement of the ram.
The top portion of the ram is connected to the drive shaft. The ram top is shaped as an inverted U.
The u shaped punctured wall is similar in shape to the top of the ram.
The curved shapes of the ram and ladle make a concentric shape is powerfully inserted into pool of dross and zinc. The
droplets of metal thus combine together and attach themselves into the ladle wall. The metal is forcibly separated from the
dross.
The molten zinc extracted from the dross is collected in the zinc pot.

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