PROBLEM 13.

132
KNOWN: Configuration of grain dryer. Emissivities of grain bed and heater surface. Temperature of grain. FIND: (a)Temperature of heater required for specified drying rate, (b) Convection mass transfer coefficient required to sustain evaporation, (c) Validity of assuming negligible convection heat transfer. SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Diffuse/gray surfaces, (2) Oven wall is a reradiating surface, (3) Negligible convection heat transfer, (4) Applicability of heat/mass transfer analogy, (5) Air is dry. PROPERTIES: Table A-6, saturated water (T = 330 K): vg = 8.82 m /kg, hfg = 2.366 10 J/kg. 3 -6 2 Table A-4, air (assume T 300 K): = 1.614 kg/m , cp = 1007 J/kgK, = 22.5 10 m /s. Table -4 2 A-8, H2O(v) air (T = 298 K): DAB = 0.26 10 m /s. ANALYSIS: (a) Neglecting convection, the energy required for evaporation must be supplied by net radiation transfer from the heater plate to the grain bed. Hence,
6 q rad = m evap h fg = ( 2.5 kg / h m ) 2.366 10 J / kg / 3600 s / h = 1643 W / m
3 6

where q p = A g A, rad is given by Eq. 13.25. With A

q rad =

A E bp E bg 1 p

) )
1

1 g

Fpg + 1/ FpR + 1/ FgR

) (

where A = R = 1 m, Fpg = 0 and FpR = FgR = 1. Hence, q rad =

) = 2.40 108 T4 3204 = 1643 W / m (p ) 0.25 + 2 + 0.111

4 Tp 3204

4 2.40 108 Tp 2518 = 1643

Tp = 530 K

<

(b) The evaporation rate is given by Eq. 6.12, and with A s = 1 m, n A =m evap , and A, = 0,
Continued ..

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PROBLEM 13.132 (Cont.)

hm = n n 1 m3 A vg 2.5 kg / h m A = = 8.82 = 6.13 103 m / s A,s As A 1m 3600 s kg s

<

(c) From the heat and mass transfer analogy, Eq. 6.60, h = h m c p Le 2 / 3 where Le = /DAB = 22.5/26.0 = 0.865. Hence
h = 6.13 103 m / s 1.161kg / m3 1007 J / kg K ( 0.865 )

2/3

= 6.5 W / m 2 K.

The corresponding convection heat transfer rate is

2 q conv = hA Tg T = 6.5 W / m K (1 m )( 330 300 ) K = 195 W / m

Since q conv << q rad , the assumption of negligible convection heat transfer is reasonable.

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