ANNA UNIVERSITY Madras Institute of Technology

Department of Automobile Engineering Theory of machines Assignment-I 1. A Shaft 1.5m long, supported in flexible bearing at its ends carries two wheels each of 50kg of mass. One wheel is situated at the centre of the shaft and the other at a distance of 375mm from the centre towards left. The shaft is hollow of external diameter 75mm and internal diameter 40mm. The density of shaft material is 7700kg/m3 and modulus of elasticity is 200GN/m2.find lowest whirling speed of shaft, taking into account the mass of the shaft. (Ans: 1944r.p.m) 2. A vertical steel shaft 15mm diameter is held in long bearings 1m apart and carries at its middle a disc of mass 15kg. The eccentricity of the centre of gravity of the disc from the centre of the rotor is 0.30mm. The modulus of elasticity is 200GN/m2 and the permissible stress is70MN/m2. Determine: 1. the critical shaft of the shaft, 2.the range of speed over which it is unsafe to run the shaft. Neglect the mass of the shaft. (take both end fixed with concentrated load) (Ans: Nc=772.8rpm ; N1=718 r.p.m ; N2= 843 r.p.m) 3. A Coil of spring stiffness 4N/mm supports vertically a mass of 20kg at the free end. The motion is resisted by the oil dashpot. It is found that the amplitude at the beginning of the fourth cycle is 0.8 times amplitude of the previous vibration. Determine the damping force per unit velocity. Also find the ratio of frequency of damped and undamped vibrations. (Ans: C= 20N/m/s; ratio = 0.999) 4. The mass of a single degree damped vibrating system is 7.5kg and makes 24 free oscillations in 14 seconds when disturbed from its equilibrium position. The amplitude of vibration reduces to 0.25 of its initial value after five oscillations. Determine : 1. Stiffness of the spring, 2. Logarithmic decrement, 3. Damping Factor. (Ans: 860 N/m; 0.28; 0.045) 5. A machine part of mass 2kg vibrates in a viscous medium. Determine the damping coefficient when a harmonic exciting force of 25 N results in resonant amplitude 0f 12.5mm with a period of 0.2 second. If the system is excited by a harmonic force of frequency 4Hz what will be the percentage in the amplitude of vibration when damper is removed as compared with that with damping. ( Ans: 63.7 N/m/s. ;146%)

6. A steel shaft ABCD 1.5m long has flywheel at its ends A and D. The mass of the flywheel A is 600kg and has a radius of gyration of 0.6m. The mass of the flywheel D is 800kg and has a radius of gyration of 0.9m. the connecting shaft has a diameter of 50mm for the portion AB which is 0.4m long and has a diameter of 60mm for the portion BC which is 0.5m long , and has a diameter of d mm for the portion CD which is 0.6m long. Determine: 1. The diameter d of the portion CD so that the node of torsional vibration of the system will be at the centre of the length BC; 2. The natural frequency of the torsional vibrations. Take C= 80GN/m2. (Ans: 91.7mm, 3.33Hz) 7. A 4-cylinder engine and flywheel coupled to a propeller are approximated to a 3 rotor system in which the engine is equivalent to a rotor moment of inertia 800kg-m2, the flywheel to a second rotor of 300kg-m2 and the propeller to a third rotor of 20kg-m2. The first and second rotor being connected by 50mm diameter and 2m long shaft and the second and third rotors being connected by a 25mm diameter and 2m long shaft. Neglecting the inertia of the shaft, Take C= 80GN/m2. Determine: 1. Natural frequency of torsional oscillations, 2. the position of the node. (Ans: 1.345Hz, 1.73 Hz, 1.32m) 8. An electric motor is to drive a centrifuge, running at 4 times the motor speed through a spur gear and pinion. The steel shaft from the motor to the gear wheel is 54mm diameter and L meter long; the shaft from the pinion to the centrifuge is 45mm diameter and 400mm long. The masses and radii of gyration of motor and centrifuge are respectively 37.5kg, 100mm; 30kg and 140mm.neglecting the inertia effect of the gears, find the value of L if the gears are to be at the node for torsional oscillation of the system and hence determine the frequency of torsional oscillation.(C =80GN/m2.) (Ans; 1.3m; 60.4Hz.) 9. A shaft 180mm diameter is supported in two bearings 2.5m apart. It carries three disc of mass 250kg, 500kg, and 200kg at 0.6m, 1.5m and 2m from the left hand. Assuming mass of the shaft 190kg/m. determine the critical speed of the shaft. (E=211GN/m2) (Ans: 18.8 rpm) 10. A vertical shaft is held in long bearings and a disc is attached to the shaft at its mid-point. The center of gravity of the disc does not coincide with the axis of the shaft. The diameter of the shaft is 15 mm and the span of the shaft between the bearings is 1 meter. The mass of the disc is 10 kg and the center of the disc is 0.30 mm from the axis of the shaft. Assuming E = 200 GN/m 2 and the permissible stress in the shaft material is 70 X 106 N/m2, determine (i) critical speed of the shaft and (ii) range of speed over which it is unsafe to run the shaft. Neglect the mass of the shaft.

VIBRATIONS PART A
1. What are vibration and its types with example? 2. What are free forced and damped vibrations? 3. Derive the natural frequency for free longitudinal vibration? 4. Write the deflection formulae for cantilever, simply supported and fixed shaft, the load is acting on the shaft at any point and middle? 5. What is critical speed? What are the factors affecting the critical speed? 6. Write dunkerlys and energy equilibrium equation for free transverse vibration? 7. What is damped frequency? 8. What is over, under and critical damping? 9. How will you find the permissible stress in the shaft? 10. Draw the displacement time diagram for under damping? 11. What is critical damping coefficient and damping factor? 12. What is meant by Logarithmic Decrement? What is use of determining the logarithmic decrement? 13. Define the term whirling speed of a shaft and state on what parameters does it depend? 14. Explain the term logarithmic decrement as applied to damped vibration? 15. What do you mean by magnification factor or dynamic magnifier? 16. Draw the graph between magnification factor, phase angle vs. / n. 17. What do you mean by isolation factor or transmissibility ratio? 18. Draw the graph between transmissibility ( vs. / n.) 19. What do you mean by torsional vibration? 20. Derive the formulae for the length of an equivalent shaft? 21. How will you find the node position of the two & three rotor system? 22. Establish the expression to determine the frequency of torsional vibration of a geared system.

23. A shaft of 100 mm diameter and 1 meter long has one of its free ends and fixed and the other end carries a disc of mass 500 kg at a radius of gyration 450 mm. the modulus of rigidity for the shaft material is 80 GN/m2. Determine the frequency of torsional vibration. 24. What are the causes and effects of vibration? 25. Define torsional equivalent shaft. 26. A shaft of length 0.75 m, supported freely at the ends, is carrying a body of mass 90 kg at 0.25 m from one end. Find the natural frequency of transverse vibration. Assume E = 200 GN/M2 and shaft diameter = 50mm.