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Practical Japanese

Your Guide to Speaking Japanese Quickly and Effortlessly in a Few Hours


by Jun Maeda

T UT T LE P UBLI S HI NG
Tokyo Rutland, Vermont Singapore

Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd., with editorial offices at 364 Innovation Drive, North Clarendon, VT 05759 and 61 Tai Seng Avenue, #02-12, Singapore 534167. Copyright 1965 and 2006 by Charles E. Tuttle Publishing Company, Limited All rights reserved. Library of Congress Catalog No. 64-24949 ISBN: 978-1-4629-1198-1 (ebook) Previously published in 2004 as Let's Study Japanese ISBN: 0-8048-0362-5. Printed in Singapore Distributed by: Japan Tuttle Publishing, Yaekari Building, 3rd Floor 5-4-12 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032 Tel: (03) 5437-0171; Fax: (03) 5437-0755 Email: tuttle-sales@gol.com North America, Latin America & Europe Tuttle Publishing, 364 Innovation Drive North Clarendon, VT 05759-9436 Tel: (802) 773-8930; Fax: (802) 773 6993 Email: info@tuttlepublishing.com www.tuttlepublishing.com Asia Pacific Berkeley Books Pte Ltd, 61 Tai Seng Avenue #02-12, Singapore 534167 Tel: (65) 6280 1330; Fax: (65) 6280 6290 Email: inquiries@periplus.com.sg www.periplus.com 13 12 11 10 7 6 5 4 3 TUTTLE PUBLISHING is a registered trademark of Tuttle Publishing, a division of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

Contents
Foreword A guide to pronunciation Basic Japanese sounds Lesson 1: What is this? Lesson 2: Where are you going? Lesson 3: Can you do it? Lesson 4: Do you have it? Lesson 5: Do you like it? Lesson 6: Please and thank you Lesson 7: Numbers Lesson 8: What time is it? Lesson 9: What day is it? Lesson 10: Seasons and months Lesson 11: Greetings and expressions Lesson 12: Food and eating Lesson 13: How is the weather? Lesson 14: Review Lesson 15: Let's go shopping! Lesson 16: How are you feeling? Lesson 17: Body parts Lesson 18: You and I, your and my Lesson 19: This and that Lesson 20: Adjectives Lesson 21: Adverbs Lesson 22: Many and much, little and few Lesson 23: Where is it? Lesson 24: Let's make a phone call! Lesson 25: A Japanese game and a song Vocabulary List

Foreword
In this modern jet age, one can reach any part of the world within a day or less. Although English is widely spoken, it is very helpful to have some knowledge of the language of the country which you are visiting in order to make your trip more enjoyable by communicating with the local people and understanding their culture. Intended for beginners who wish to learn to speak very basic Japanese in just a few hours, this book is written in a clear and simple yet versatile way. With approximately 350 basic words and examples of how they are used in practical conversational speech, one can acquire a fundamental working knowledge of Japanese from this book, so you can express yourself in simple Japanese sentences. This book has several exercises for each lesson. And, to get acquainted with Japanese culture, the student may enjoy the photos which the author has provided as a visual aid. Complicated grammatical explanations are omitted, since detailed explanations sometimes discourage people from actually speaking. Only the essential points in pronunciation and grammar are given, and the phrases and the sentences are repeatedly presented in each lesson, so that the student can easily learn the phrases and practice using them without hesitancy or discouragement. The author hopes that the tourist as well as the student or prospective foreign resident in Japan, young or old, may find this book a helpful and enjoyable tool in approaching the Japanese language for the first time. Jun Maeda

A guide to pronunciation
There are five vowels in Japanese: a, i, u, e, o, all of which have both short and long sounds, as noted below. The long or double vowels are written with a macron (bar) over them. These vowels when used together with different consonants, make up new sounds. The consonants c, l, q, v, and x do not appear, although ch (as in church) does. The vowels are pronounced as follows (those that are doabled or have a line over them are longer): a ii i u e o long a, pronounced ah, approximately as in father same sound but shorter long i, pronounced ee, approximately as ee in meet same sound but shorter long u, pronounced oo, approximately as oo in root same sound but shorter, as oo in wood long e, pronounced eh, approximately as in bed same sound but shorter long o, pronounced oh, approximately as in tone same sound but shorter

Japanese consonants have virtually the same sounds as in English, except that the g is always hard (as in get) and the r is a sound between the English r and I. Double consonants, as in jetto (jet plane), irasshaimase (welcome, please come in), and suitchi (switch) must be pronounced clearly twice, just as in English bookkeeper (double k) and penknife" (double n). Each syllable in a Japanese word is in general pronounced distinctly, although in fairly rapid speech i and u are often shortened or omitted altogether, so that desu (am, is, are) sounds like dess, deshita (was, were) like desh'ta, and arimasuka (is there?, are there?) like arimas'ka. In this book therefore, the i and u are often omitted from the examples. The accent in Japanese is slight and almost monotonous. However, an emphasis in pitch and vowel length on particular syllables can often create a different meaninge. g., hashi (chopsticks) and hashi (bridge), kaki (oyster) and kaki (persimmon).

BASIC JAPANESE SOUNDS Vowels a (ah) i (ee) u (oo) e (eh) o (oh)

Consonants + vowels

ka sa ta na ha ma ya ra wa n ga za da ba pa kya sha cha pya nya mya rya hya gya bya ja

ki shi chi ni hi mi i ri i gi ji ji bi pi

ku su tsu nu fu mu yu ru u gu zu zu bu pu kyu shu chu pyu nyu myu ryu hyu gyu byu ju

<
"J

ke se te ne he me e re e ge ze de be pe

ko so to no ho mo yo ro o go zo do bo po kyo sho cho pyo nyo myo ryo hyo gyo byo jo

LESSON 1

What is this?
hai yes iie no nan, nani what s so, exactly! kore-wa this (or these) NOTE: adding -wa at the end of a word emphasizes that it is the primary subject of the sentence. de-wa arimasen is not, are not dess-ka is, are, am NOTE: (The more formal and correct form is desu-ka but in everyday speech the u in desu is left out). Adding -ka at the end of a sentence is like adding a question mark and makes the sentence into a question.

PHRASES Kore-wa nan dess-ka? What is this? (literally: Thiswhatis?) Kore-wa hon dess, This is a book. (literally: Thisbookis.) Kore-wa empitsu dess, This is a pencil. (literally: Thispencilis.) Kore-wa inu dess. . This is a dog. (literally: This-dog-is.") Kore-wa hana dess. This is a flower. (These are flowers.) (literally: Thisfloweris. Kore-wajidosha dess-ka? Is this a car? (Adding -ka at the end makes it a question.) (literally: Thiscaris?) Hai, s dess, . Yes, it is (exactly so). Kore-wa hikki dess-ka? Is this an airplane? (literally: Thisairplaneis?) lie, s de-wa anmasen, No, it is not. Kore-wa inu dess-ka? Is this a dog? lie, s de-wa arimasen. , . No, it is not. Kore-wa hana dess-ka? Is this a flower? (Are these flowers?) 9

Iie, s de-wa arimasen. Kore-wa kudamono dess. , No, it is not. (No, they are not.) This is a fruit. Kore-wa kutsu dess-ka? Are these shoes?

lie, kore-wa geta dess. , No, these are wooden clogs. NOTE: In Japanese the same form of a noun or verb can be either singular or plural. The context usually makes clear what is meant. Occasionally, when it is necessary to be quite explicit, a pluralizing suffix can be added to nouns (and is frequently added to pronouns), but it is not essential for the beginner to be concerned about this usage now. EXERCISES Refer to the pictures on the right and fill in the blanks.

1. Kore-wa______________dess. This is a pencil.

2. ______________ jidsha dess. This is a car.

3. _____________ _____________ dess. This is a book.

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4. _____________ _____________ dess. This is a dog.

5. Kore-wa hana dess-ka? Is this a flower? Iie, kore-wa_____________ dess. No, this is a fruit.

6. Kore-wa kudamono_____________? Is this a fruit? Iie, kore-wa_____________dess. No, this is a flower.

7. Kore-wa jidsha dess-ka? Is this a car? Iie, s de-wa_____________. No, it is not. 11

Kore-wa_____________dess. This is a airplane.

8. Kore-wa geta dess-ka? Are these wooden clogs? Iie, kore-wa_____________dess. No, these are shoes.

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LESSON 2

Where are you going?


VOCABULARY koko here soko there, over there doko where -e to (a suffix indicating direction in the sense of "to") arimahss is, are, there is, there are ikimahss (or yukimahss) go, goes watashi-wa I NOTE: The complete form is watakshi-wa but in everyday speech it is shortered to watashi-wa anata-wa you (as the subject of a sentence) NOTE: The suffix -wa indicates that the word it is attached to is the main subject of the sentence.

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PHRASES Anata-wa doko-e ikimahss-ka (yukimahss-ka)? Where are you going? (literally: "You where-to go?") Watashi-wa Tky Eki-e ikimahss. I am going to Tokyo Station. (literally: "I Tokyo Station-to go.") Watashi-wa hoteru-e ikimahss. . I am going to the hotel. Watashi-wa uchi-e ikimahss. I am going home. Watashi-wa kk-e ikimahss. . I am going to the airport. Doko dess-ka? Where is it? Koko dess. (Koko-ni arimahss.) . Here it is. (Right here.) Soko dess. (Soko-ni arimahss.) There it is. (Right over there.) Nimotsu-wa doko dess-ka? 14

Where is the luggage (or package)? (literally: "Luggagewhereisit?") Shimbun-wa doko dess-ka? Where is the newspaper? Hoteru doko dess-ka? Where is the hotel? Pen-wa doko dess-ka? Where is the pen? Basutei-wa aoko dess-kar Where is the bus stop? EXERCISES Refer to the pictures on the right and fill in the blanks.

1. Watashi-wa__________ikimahss. I am going home.

2. Watashi-wa__________ikimahss. I am going to Tokyo Station.

3. Watashi-wa__________ikimahss. 15

I am going to the hotel.

4. Pen-wa__________dess-ka? Where is the pen? __________dess. It is here.

5. Nimotsu-wa doko__________ Where is the luggage? __________dess. There it is.

6. __________doko dess-ka? Where is the room? __________dess. Here it is.

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7. Shimbun-wa__________dess-ka? Where is the newspaper? Soko__________. Here it is.

8. Watashi-wa__________ikimahss. I am going to the subway station.

9. Watashi-wa__________ikimahss. I am going to my office.

10 . __________doko dess-ka? Where is the restaurant?

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LESSON 3

Can you do it?


VOCABULARY piano piano gorufu golf Nihon Japan -o (suffix to indicate that a word is the object of the sentence) iku-koto going, to go (noun form) kuru-koto coming, to come (noun form) dekimahss to be able, can (speak, read, write, etc.) dekimasen not able to, cannot (speak, read, write, etc.) -ga (suffix to indicate when a word is secondary the subject of a sentence) Nihon ryri Japanese food (dishes, cooking)

PHRASES

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Anata-wa dekimahss-ka? Are you able (to speak, read, write, etc.)? Can you (do it)? Hai, dekimahss, Yes, I can. Iie, dekimasen. No, I can't. Anata-wa Eigo-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you speak English? (literally: You-English-can?") Anata-wa Nihongo-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you speak Japanese? Anata-wa ryri-ga dekimahss-ka? ? Can you cook? (literally: lou-cooking-can?") Anata-wa yomu-koto-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you read? Anata-wa Nihongo-o kaku-koto-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you write Japanese? (literally: You-Japanese-writing-can?") Anata-wa Nihon ryri-o taberu-koto-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you eat Japanese food? (literally: "You-Japanese-food-eating-can?") EXERCISES Answer the question in Japanese. 1. Anata-wa Eigo-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you speak English? __________, __________. Yes, I can. 2. Anata-wa Nihongo-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you speak Japanese? __________, __________. No, I can't. 3. Anata-wa gorufu-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you play golf? 19

__________, __________. Yes, I can. 4. Anata-wa piano-ga________ Can you play the piano? __________, __________. No, I cannot. 5. Anata-wa Nihongo-o yomu-koto-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you read Japanese? __________, __________. No, I can't. 6. _________Eigo-o kaku-koto-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you write English? __________, __________. Yes, I can. 7. Anata-wa Nihon ryri-o taberu-koto-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you eat Japanese food? __________, __________. Yes, I can. 8. Anata-wa Nihon-e iku-koto-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you go to Japan? __________, __________. Yes, I can. 9. Anata-wa uchi-e kuru-koto-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you come home? __________, __________. No, I cannot. 10. Anata-wa hoteru-e iku-koto-ga dekimahss-ka? Can you go to the hotel? __________, __________. Yes, I can.

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LESSON 4

Do you have it?


VOCABULARY motte-imahss to have, possess motte-imasen haven't, don't have

PHRASES Anata-wa X-o motte-imahss-ka? X Do you have X? Hai, motte-imahss. . Yes, I have. lie, motte-imasen. . No, I don't have. Anata-wa kippu-o motte-imahss-ka? Do you have a ticket? (literally: Youtickethave?") Anata-wa tokei-o motte-imahss-ka? Do you have a watch (clock)? Anata-wa bshi-o motte-imahss-ka? 21

Do you have a hat? Anata-wa keitai denwa motte-imahss-ka? Do you have a cell phone? Anata-wa kasa-o motte-imahss-ka? Do you have an umbrella? EXERCISES Refer to the pictures on the right and fill in the blanks.

1. Anata-wa kasa-o motte-imahss-ka? Do you have an umbrella? Hai, __________. Yes, I have.

2. Anata-wa tokei-o__________ Do you have a watch? Hai, __________. Yes, I have.

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3. __________keitai denwa-o motte-imahss-ka? Do you have a cell phone? Iie , __________. No, I don't

4. Anata-wa pen-o__________ Do you have a pen? __________ __________. Yes, I have.

5. __________boshi-o motte-imahss-ka? Do you have a hat? __________ __________. No, I don't.

6. Anata-wa__________ motte-imahss-ka? Do you have a ticket? __________ __________. Yes, I have.

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7. Anata-wa keitai denwa-o__________ Do you have a cell phone? __________ __________. Yes, I have.

8. Anata-wa__________motte-imahss-ka? Do you have an umbrella? __________ __________. No, I don't.

9. Anata-wa uwagi-o__________ Do you have a jacket (coat)?

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LESSON 5

Do you like it?


VOCABULARY suki like, likes kirai dislike, dislikes

PHRASES Anata-wa X-ga suki dess-ka? X Do you like X? (literally: You-X-like?) Hai, suki dess. , . Yes, I do. (literally: Yes-I-like-it.") lie, suki de-wa arimasen. 25

No, I don't, (literally: "No, -like-is-not.") Kirai dess. I dislike it. (literally: Dislike-is.) Anata-wa soba-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like noodles? Anata-wa ongaku-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like music? (literally: "Youmusiclikeisit?") Anata-wa sushi-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like sushi? Anata-wa sake-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like sake? EXERCISES Answer the questions.

1. Anata-wa gohan-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like cooked rice? ___________ ___________ __________ .

2. Anata-wa sushi-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like sushi? ___________ ___________ __________ .

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3. Anata-wa soba-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like noodles? ___________ ___________ __________ .

4. Anata-wa khii-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like coffee? ___________ ___________ __________ .

5. Anata-wa shinkansen-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like bullet train? ___________ ___________ __________ .

6. Anata-wa o-cha-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like (Japanese) tea? ___________ ___________ __________ .

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7. Anata-wa ongaku-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like music? ___________ ___________ __________ .

8. Anata-wa sashimi-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like sashimi? ___________ ___________ __________ .

9. Anata-wa sake-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like sake? ___________ ___________ __________ .

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LESSON 6

Please and thank you


VOCABULARY dzo please wata(k)shi-ni to me -ni to, for, at, in (objective postposition) ... kudasai (please) give me dmo very, very much sumimasen (suimasen) sorry, Thank you. arigat-gozaimahss, Thank you. arigat (less formal) Thank you.

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PHRASES Dzo watashi-ni X-o kudasai. X Please give me X. Dzo watashi-ni o-mizu-o kudasai. , Please give me some (a drink of) water. Dzo watashi-ni supn-o kudasai. Please give me a spoon. Dzo watashi-ni isu-o kudasai. Please give me a chair. Dzo watashi-ni kami-o kudasai. . Please give me some paper. Dzo watashi-ni taDako-o kudasai. ( . Please give me a cigarette. Arigat -gozaimahss. -Thank you. Dmo arigat -gozaimahss. . Thank you very much. Dmo sumimasen (suimasen). . Thank you very much. (sometimes it means I'm sorry.) EXERCISES Refer to the pictures and fill in the blanks.

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1. Dzo watashi-ni__________kudasai. Please give me a lighter. Arigat-gozaimahss. Thank you very much.

2. Dzo__________ __________. Please give me a napkin. Arigat-gozaimahss. Thank you very much.

3. Dzo watashi-ni__________ kudasai. Please give me a fork. Arigat-gozaimahss. ___________________ Thank you very much.

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4. Dzo watashi-ni__________ Please give me a cigarette. Thank you very much.

5. Dzo watashi-ni__________kudasai. Please give me an ashtray. Dmo__________. Thank you very much.

6. Dzo__________ __________kudasai. Please give me some water. Dmo__________. Thank you very much.

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LESSON 7

Numbers
VOCABULARY 1 ichi, hitotsu 2 ni, futatsu 3 san, mittsu 4 shi, yon, yottsu .. 5 go, itsutsu 6 roku, muttsu 7 shichi, nana, nanatsu , 8 hachi, yattsu , 9 ku, ky, kokonotsu , 10 ju, to NOTE : In the numbers from 1 through 10, the second word given in each case is the number used in referring to specific thingse. g., bshi hitotsu or hitotsu-no Doshi (one hat), isu futatsu or futatsu-no isu (two chairs), etc. 11 j-ichi 12 j-ni 13 j-san 14 j-shi, j-yon 15 j-go 16 j-roku 17 j-shichi, j-nana 18 j-hachi

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19 j-ku, j-ky 20 ni-j 21 ni-j-icni 30 san-j 40 shi-j, yon-j 50 go-j 60 roku-j 70 nana-j, shichi-j 80 hachi-j 90 ky-j 100 hyaku 101 hyaku-ichi 150 hyaku -go-j 200 ni-hyaku 300 sambyaku (n-h becomes mb) 400 yon-hyaku 500 go-hyaku 600 roppyaku (ku+h becomes pp) 700 nana-hyaku 800 happyaku (chi+h becomes pp) 900 ky-hyaku 1000 sen 5000 go-sen 34

10000 ichi-man 30000 samman (n-m becomes mm) 100, 000 j-man 1, 000, 000 hyaku-man In counting people, the numbers are used as follows: hitori one person futari two persons, two people san-nin three people yo-nin four people go-nin five people roku-nin six people shichi-nin, nana-nin seven people hachi-nin eight people ku-nin, ky-nin nine people j-nin ten people From 10 on, the suffix -nin is added to the number as given in the first table above, except that yo is always used instead of shi for 4 in counting people; hence ni-j-yo-nin: 24 people. EXERCISES Read those numbers in Japanese. 1 ___________ 4 ___________ 7 ___________ 10 ___________ 70 ___________ 2 ___________ 5 ___________ 8 ___________ 20 ___________ 93 ___________ 35 3 ___________ 6 ___________ 9 ___________ 55 ___________ 100 ___________

120 ___________ 600 ___________ 830 ___________ 1000 ___________ 1964 ___________ Counting those numbers in Japanese. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (one) (two) (three) (four) (five) (six) (seven) (eight) (nine) (ten)

350 ___________ 650 ___________ 900 ___________ 1500 ___________ 5000 ___________

510 ___________ 700 ___________ 980 ___________ 1950 ___________ 10000 ___________

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

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LESSON 8

What time is it?


VOCABULARY nan-ji what time -ji hours, o'clock ichi-ji 1 one o'clock yo-ji (yo, not shi, in telling time) four o'clock han half, half past fun (pun) minute ippun (chi+f becomes pp) 1 one minute ni-fun 2 two minutes sampun (n+f becomes mp) 3 three minutes yompun (n+f becomes mp) 4 four minutes go-fun 5 five minutes roppun (ku+f becomes pp) 6 six minutes nana-fun 7 seven minutes hachi-fun, happun 8 eight minutes ky-fun 9 nine minutes juppun (u+f becomes upp) 10 ten minutes j-go-fun 15 fifteen minutes m-juppun 20 twenty minutes san-juppun 30 thirty minutes sugi after, past (in telling time) mae before, to (in telling time) 37

EXERCISES Tell the time in Japanese?

Draw clock hands referring to the time.

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LESSON 9

What day is it?


ky today nan what? nichi day (of the month) kin yesterday deshita was, were asu, ashita tomorrow ybi day of the week sh week konsh this week sensh last week raish next week kyjitsu holiday

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PHRASES

Nichi-ybi Getsu-ybi Ka-ybi Sui-ybi Moku-ybi Kin-ybi Do-ybi Kyjitsu

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Holiday

Ky-wa nan nichi dess-ka? ? What day of the month is it today? Ky-wa X nichi dess. X Today is the X. Ky-wa j-roku nichi dess. 16 . Today is the sixteenth. Kin-wa nan nichi deshita-ka? What day of the month was it yesterday? Kin-wa J-go mem deshita. Yesterday was the fifteenth. Asu-wa (ashita-wa) nan nichi dess-ka? ? What day of the month is it tomorrow? Asu-wa j-shichi nichi dess. 17 Tomorrow is the seventeenth. DATES: tsuitachi 1 the first futsuka 2 the second mikka 3the third vokka 4the fourth 41

itsuka 5the fifth muika 6the sixth nanoka 7 the seventh yka 8the eighth kokonoka 9 ( the ninth tka 10the tenth j-ichi nichi11) the eleventh j-ni nichi 12 the twelfth j-san nichi 13 the thirteenth j-yokka 14 the fourteenth j-go nichi 15 the fifteenth j-roku nichi16 the sixteenth j-shichi nichi 17 the seventeenth j-hachi nichi 18 the eighteenth j-ku nichi 19 the nineteenth hatsuka 20 ( the twentieth ni-j-ichi nichi 21 the twenty-first ni-j-ni nichi 22 the twenty-second ni-j-san nichi 23 the twenty-third ni-j-yokka 24 the twenty-fourth ni-j-go nichi 25 the twenty-fifth ni-j-roku nichi 26 the twenty-sixth ni-j-shichi nichi 27 the twenty-seventh ni-j-hachi nichi 28 the twenty-eighth

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ni-j-ku nichi 29 the twenty-ninth san-j nicni 30 the thirtieth san-j-ichi nichi 31 the thirty-first PHRASES Ky-wa nan ybi dess-ka? What day of the week is it today? Ky-wa Getsu-ybi dess. . Today is Monday. Kin-wa nan ybi deshita-ka? What day of the week was it yesterday? Kin-wa Nichi-ybi deshita. Yesterday was Sunday. Asu-wa nan ybi dess-ka? What day of the week is it tomorrow? Asu-wa Ka-ybi dess. . Tomorrow is Tuesday. EXERCISES Refer to the calender on the above and fill in the blanks.

1. Nan nichi dess-ka? What is the date? Ky-wa_________dess. It's the twelfth. Kin-wa_________deshita. Asu-wa_________dess. 43

Yesterday was the eleventh. Tomorrow is the thirteenth.

2. Nan ybi dess-ka? What day of the week is it? Ky-wa_________dess. Today is Tuesday. Kin-wa_________deshita. Yesterday was Monday. Asu-wa_________dess. Tomorrow is Wednesday.

3. Nan nichi dess-ka? What is the date? _________ni-j-shichi nichi dess. It's the twenty-seventh. _________ni-j-roku nichi deshita. Yesterday was the twenty-sixth. _________ni-j-hachi nichi dess. Tomorrow is the twenty-eighth. 4. Nan ybi dess-ka? What day of the week is it?

Ky-wa_________dess. Today is Friday. Kin-wa_________deshita. Yesterday was Thursday. Asu-wa_________dess. Tomorrow is Saturday.

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5. Nan nichi dess-ka? What is the date? Ky-wa_________dess. It's the seventh. Ashita-wa_________dess. Tomorrow is the eighth. 6. Nan ybi dess-ka? What day of the week is it? Ky-wa_________dess. It is Saturday. Ashita-wa_________dess. Tomorrow is Sunday.

7. Nan nichi dess-ka? What is the date? Kyo-wa t-ka dess. It's the tenth. Kin-wa_________ deshita. Yesterday was the nineth. Ashita-wa _________dess. Tomorrow is the eleventh. 8. Nan ybi dess-ka? What day of the week is it? Ky-wa ka-ybi dess. Today is Tuesday. Kin-wa_________deshita. Yesterday was Monday. Asu-wa_________dess. Tomorrow is Wednesday.

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LESSON 10

Seasons and months


VOCABULARY kik climate ikaga 1) how atatakai warm atsui hot suzushii cool samui cold

haru: spring: San-gatsu March Shi-gatsu April Go-gatsu May

natsu: summer: Roku-gatsu June Shichi-gatsu July Hachi-gatsu August

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aki: autumn: Ku-gatsu September J-gatsu October J-ichi-gatsu - November

fuyu: winter: J-ni-gatsu December Ichi-gatsu - January Ni-gatsu February kongetsu this month raigetsu next month sengetsu last month NOTE: The word "month" is expressed in three ways in Japanese: tsuki, -getsu, and -gatsu, the last two being used only as suffixes. In giving the number of months (one month, two months, etc.), the easiest system for the beginner is as follows: ikkagetsu 1 one month nikagetsu 2 two months sankagetsu 3 three months yonkagetsu 4 four months gokagetsu 5 five months 47

rokkagetsu 6 six months nanakagetsu 7 seven months hachikagetsu, hakkagetsu 8 eight months kykagetsu 9 nine months jukkagetsu 10 ten months ju-ikkagetsu 11 eleven months j-nikagetsu 12 twelve months PHRASES Kik-wa d dess-ka? How is the climate? (What is the climate like?) Haru-wa atatakai dess. . Spring is warm. (It is warm in spring.) Natsu-wa atsui dess. . Summer is hot. (It is hot in summer.) Aki-wa suzushii dess. . Autumn is cool. (It is cool in autumn.) Fuyu-wa samui dess. . Winter is cold. (It is cold in winter.) EXERCISES 1. Fill in the blanks: Fuyu-wa_________dess. Winter is cold. (It is cold in winter.) Natsu-wa_________dess. Summer is hot. (It is hot in summer.) Aki-wa_________dess. 48

Autumn is cool. (It is cool in autumn.) Haru-wa_________dess. Spring is warm. (It is warm in spring.) 2. Draw am arrow to the correct month: Go-gatsu Ichi-gatsu Roku-gatsu Hachi-gatsu J - ni -gatsu Ku-gatsu J-gatsu J-ichi-gatsu Ni-gatsu Shi-gatsu Shichi-gatsu May August December June January February April November July October September

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LESSON 11

Greetings and expressions


VOCABULARY isha doctor namae name jsho address sensei teacher gakusei student anata-noyour Saynara. Goodbye. bijiness-man businessman Amerika-jin an American, American people Igirisu-jin a British, British people Furansu-jin a French, French people Doitsu-jin a German, German people Nihon-jin a Japanese, Japanese people Chgoku-jin a Chinese, Chinese people Omedet-gozaimahss, Congratulations!

Irasshaimase. . Welcome. Please come in. Gomen-nasai. . I am sorry. (Excuse me, Pardon me.) Oyasumi-nasai. Good night. Komban-wa. . Good evening. Ohay-gozaimahss. Good morning. Konnichi-wa. Good day. (Hello. Good afternoon.) 50

Itadakimahss. . I shall (eat)., Let's eat. (This expression is used before eating, to invite all present to eat) Gochis-sama. . (This expression is used after eat-ins. It means something like it was delicious" or "It was a treat.") PHRASES Anata-no namae-wa nan dess-ka? What is your name? Anata-wa X dess-ka? X Are you a (an) X? Hai, s dess. . Yes, I am. Iie, watashi-wa X dess. X No, I am a (an) X. Anata-wa Amerika-jin dess-ka? Are you American? Anata-wa Igirisu-jin dess-ka? Are you British? Anata-wa Furansu-jin dess-kar Are you French? Anata-wa Nihon-jin dess-ka? Are you Japanese? Anata-wa isha dess-ka? Are you a doctor? Anata-wa sensei dess-ka? Are you a teacher? Iie, watashi-wa bijiness-man dess. No, I am a businessman. Anata-wa gakusei dess-ka? Are you a student? lie, watasm-wa sensei dess. . No, I am a teacher. Anata-no jsho-o oshiete kudasai. 51

Please give me your address. EXERCISES Answer the question. 1. Anata-wa isha dess-ka? Are you a doctor? Hai, watashi-wa _________dess. Yes, I am a doctor. 2. Anata-wa sensei dess-ka? Are you a teacher? Hai, _________ _________dess. Yes, I am a teacher. 3. Anata-wa gakusei dess-ka? Are you a student? _________ _________bijiness-man dess No, I am a busiessman. 4. Anata-wa sensei dess-ka? Are you a teacher? _________ _________gakusei dess. No, I am a student. 5. Anata-wa isha dess-ka? Are you a doctor? _________ _________sensei dess. No, I am a teacher. 6. Anata-wa Igirisu-jin dess-ka? Are you a British? 52

_________ _________Fransu-jin dess. No, I am a French. 7. Anata-wa Amerika-jin dess-ka? Are you an American? _________ _________Doitsu-jin dess. No, I am a German.

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LESSON 12

Food and eating


tabemono food shinsen fresh oishii tasty, delicious shiroi white akai red yawarakaisoft katai hard, crisp marui round shikakui square amai sweet karai salty tsumetai cold, cool atsui hot nagai long omeshi-agari kudasai, , Please help yourself. (Please eat.) (usually shortened to: Dzo meshi-agare. )

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PHRASES Dzo omeshi-agari kudasai. . (usually shortened to Dzo meshi-agare. .) 55

Please help yourself. (Please do eat.) Arigat -gozaimahss. . Thank you. ItadaKimahss. . I shall (eat)., Lets eat. Gohan-wa shiroi dess. . Cooked rice is white. Ringo-wa akai dess. ( . An apple is red. Pan-wa yawarakai dess. . (The) bread is soft. O-sembei-wa katai dess. The rice crackers are hard. Tamago-wa marui dess. . An egg is round. u-tfu-wa shiakui dess. . The bean curd is square. O-sat-wa amai dess. . The sugar is sweet. O-shio-wa karai dess. . The salt is salty. Gvny-wa tsumetai dess. . The milk is cold. O-cha-wa atsui dess. . The tea is hot. Yasai-wa shinsen dess. . The vegetables are fresh. O-soba-wa nagai dess. The noodles are long. Gyuniku-wa oishii dess. . 56

(The) beef is tasty. EXERCISES Refer to the pictures on the right and fill in the blanks.

1. O-sat-wa_________dess. The sugar is sweet.

2. O-cha-wa_________dess. The tea is hot.

3 . _________ _________dess. Cooked rice is white.

4. _________karai_________. The salt is salty.

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5. Buta-niku-wa_________dess. (The) pork is tasty.

6. Sakana-wa_________dess. (The) fish is fresh.

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LESSON 13

How is the weather?


VOCABULARY d how ii (yoi)good warui bad o-tenki, tenki weather

PHRASES O-tenki-wa d dess-ka? How is the weather? Ii (yoi) o-tenki dess. . The weather is good. Warui o-tenki dess. Ame dess. . . The weather is bad. It is raining. Kumori dess. . It is cloudy. Yuki dess. . It is snowing. EXERCISES Refer to the pictures on the right and choose the answer.

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O-tenki-wa d dess-ka?

1. a) Yuki dess. It is snowing. b) Ii o-tenki dess. The weather is good. c) Ame dess. It is raining.

2. a) Kumori dess. It is cloudy. b) Warui o-tenki dess. The weather is bad. c) Ii o-tenki dess. The weather is good.

3. a) Ame dess. It is raining. b) Kumori dess. It is cloudy. c) Yuki dess. It is snowing.

4. a) Ii o-tenki dess. The weather is good. b) Warui o-tenki dess. The weather is bad. c) Yuki dess. It is snowing.

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LESSON 14

Review
VOCABULARY

EXERCISES

1. Kore-wa nan dess-ka? What is this? _________ _________dess.

2. Anata-wa khii-ga suki dess-ka? Do you like coffee? _________ _________ _________.

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3. Dzo watashi-ni_________kudasai. Please give me some water. Arigat-gozaimahss. Thank you. 4. Ky-wa nan nichi dess-ka?_________dess. What day of the month is it today? 5. Ky-wa nan yobi dess-ka?_________dess. What day of the week is it today? 6. Ky-no o-tenki-wa d dess-ka?_________dess. How is the weather today? 7. Choose the appropriate response. Komban-wa. (a) Oyasumi-nasai. ( ) Konnichi-wa. ( ) Saynara. ( ) Irasshaimase. ( ) Omedet-gozaimahss. ( ) Arigat-gozaimahss. ( ) Gomen-nasai. ( ) Ohay-gozaimahss. ( ) a. Good evening. b. Goodbye. c. Congratulations. d. Thank you. e. Welcome. (Please come in.) f. Good day. (Hello. Good afternoon.) g. Good morning. h. Good night. i. I am sorry. (Excuse me. Pardon me.) 8. Circle the correct answer. roku ni-j-san go-hyaku hachi-j-hachi sen-ky-hyaku roku-j-san 9 33 211 24 185 7 21 510 36 1226 4 15 100 88 1963 6 11 500 49 1684 2 23 300 18 1953

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LESSON 15

Let's go shopping!
VOCABULARY kaimono shopping ikimash lets go kore this (pronoun, for near objects) are/sore / that (pronoun, for distant objects) ikura < how much (o-)mise ( shop, store depato department store ni-hyaku en 20 0 200 yen sanman en 30,000 30, 000 yen goman nana-sen en 57,000 57, 000 yen yon-sen en 4,000 4,000 yen hassen en 8,000 8,000 yen hyaku en 100 100 yen j-man en 100, 000 100, 000 yen ni-sen en 2,000 2, 000 yen sp(mketto) supermarket

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PHRASES Kaimono-ni ikimash! Let's go shopping! X-wa doko-de kaemahss-ka? Where can I buy X? X-wa depto-de kaemahss. . You can buy X at department store. Kore-wa ikura dess-ka? How much is this? Kore-wa hyaku en dess. 100 . This is 100 yen. Kore-wa yon-sen en dess. 4,000 . This is 4,000 yen.

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Are (Sore)-wa ikura dess-ka? ( How much is that (over there)? Are (Sore)-wa sanman en dess. ( 30, 000 . That (it) is 30, 000 yen. X-wa ikura dess-ka? X How much is X? X-wa 8,000 en dess. X 8000 , X is 8000 yen. EXERCISES Refer to the pictures on the right and fill in the price amount.

1. Ningy-wa ikura dess-ka? How much is the doll? Ningy-wa_________dess. The doll is 8, 000 yen.

2. Hagaki-wa_________dess. The postcard is 100 yen.

3. Pasokon-wa_________dess. The PC is 100,000yen. 66

4. Shinju-wa doko-de kaemahss-ka? Where can I buy the pearl? Shinju-wa _________kaemahss. You can buy the pearl at department store.

5. Kamera-wa ikura dess-ka? How much is the camera? Camera-wa __________________dess. The camera is 57,000 yen.

6. Momo-wa doko-de kaemahss-ka? Where can I buy the peach? Momo-wa __________________ kaemahss. You can buy the peach at supermarket.

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LESSON 16

How are you feeling?


VOCABULARY atama head ha tooth, teeth o-naka stomach byki ill, illness itai painful, aching gokigen feeling, state of health kusuri medicine isha doctor

PHRASES Gokigen ikaga dess-ka? How are you? Watashi-wa genki dess. . I am well. (I am fine.) 68

Atama-ga itai dess. . I have a headache. (My head aches.) Ha-ga itai dess. . I have a toothache. (My tooth aches.) O-naka-ga itai dess. . I have a stomach ache. (My stomach aches.) Netsu-ga arimahss. . I have a fever. Kaze-o hikimashta. I caught a cold. EXERCISES 1. Atama-g a_________ dess. I have a headache. 2. _________itai dess. I have a stomach ache. 3. _________itai dess. I have a toothache. 4. Kaze-o_________. I caught a cold. 5. _________arimahss. I have a fever.

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LESSON 17

Body Parts

Clothing

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EXERCISES Refer to the pictures on the right and fill in the blanks. Kore-wa nan dess-ka? What is this?

1. Kore-wa________dess. This is a nose.

2. Kore-wa________dess. This is an ear.

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3. Kore-wa________dess. These are hands.

4. Kore-wa________dess. This is a foot.

5. Kore-wa________dess. These are eyes.

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LESSON 18

You and I, your and my


VOCABULARY wata(k) shi-no my anata-noyour kabanbag tomodacm friend (sometimes o-tomodachi) PHRASES Watashi-wa anata-no tomodachi dess. I am your friend. Anata-wa watashi-no tomodachi dess. You are my friend. Watashi-wa anata-no sensei dess. I am your teacher. Anata-wa watashi-no sensei dess. . You are my teacher. Kore-wa anata-no kaban dess-ka? Is this your bag? Kore-wa watashi-no kaban dess. This is my bag. Kore-wa watashi-no uwagi dess. . This is my jacket. Kore-wa anata-no rait dess-ka? Is this your lighter? EXERCISES

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1. Anata-wa_________sensei dess. You are my teacher. 2. Anata-wa_________tomodachi dess. You are my friend. 3. Watashi-wa_________sensei dess. I am your teacher. 4. Kore-wa_________kaban dess-ka? Is this your bag? 5. Are-wa_________jidsha dess-ka? Is that your car? 6. Kore-wa_________hon dess. This is my book. 7. Watashi-wa_________tomodachi dess. I am your friend. 8. Kore-wa_________ _________dess. This is my jacket. 9. Are-wa_________ _________dess-ka? Is that your your lighter? 10. Are-wa__________________dess-ka? Is that your book? 11. Kore-wa__________________dess. This is my bag. 12. Kore-wa_________hon dess. This is your book.

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LESSON 19

This and that


VOCABULARY hata flag doa door ymei famous utsukushii beautiful kawaii cute, pretty kono this (adjective) ano that (adjective, for faraway objects) sono that (adjective, for nearby objects)

PHRASES Kore-wa yfuku dess. Kono yfuku-wa kawaii dess. This is a dress. This dress is pretty. 76

Are-wa bara dess. Ano bara-wa utsukushii dess. . That is a rose. That rose is beautiful. Sore-wa hoteru dess. Sono hoteru-wa ymei dess. . . It is the hotel. The hotel is famous. Kore-wa doa dess. Kono doa-wa deguchi dess. . This is the door. This door is an exit. Kore-wa o-kashi dess. Kono o-kashi-wa amai dess. . This is a candy. This candy is sweet. Aore-wa hata dess. Aono hata-wa Nihon-no-hata dess. . . That is a flag. That flag is Japanese flag. Sore-wa hon dess. Sono hon-wa jisho dess. . . That(It) is a book. That book is a dictionary. EXERCISES Refer to the pictures on the right and fill in the blanks.

1. Kore-wa_________dess. This is candy. Kono o-kashi-wa_________dess. This candy is sweet.

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2. Kore-wa_________dess. This is a flag. Kono hata-wa_________dess. This flag is a Japanese flag.

3. Sore-wa_________dess. It is a book. Sono hon-wa_________dess. That book is a dictionary.

4. Are-wa_________dess. That is a rose. _________hana-wa_________dess. That rose is beautiful.

5. Kore-wa_________dess. This is a dress. 78

_________y fuku-wa_________dess. This dress is pretty.

6. Kore-wa_________dess. This is the door. _________doa-wa_________dess. This door is an exit.

7. Sore-wa_________dess. It is the hotel. _________hoteru-wa_________dess. The hotel is famous.

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LESSON 20

Adjectives
VOCABULARY hane feather

yji toothpick se height (of a person) adjective form -i omoi heavy karui light nagai long mijikai short hayai fast osoi slow, late hikui low, short (in height) Fujisan Mt. Fuji keshiki scenery akai tall, high kiilarge chiisa small atarashii new furui old marui round shikakui square 80

utsukushii beautiful

PHRASES Kono ishi-wa omoi dess. This stone is (these stones are) heavy. Kami-wa karui dess. , A (sheet of) paper is light. Hashi-wa nagai dess. . The chopsticks are long. 81

Yji-wa mijikai dess. This toothpick is short. Jettoki-wa hayai dess. A jet plane is fast. Densha-wa osoi dess. A train is slow. Kodomo-no se-wa hikui dess. . A child's height is low. (A child is short.) Otona-no se-wa takai dess. . An adult's height is tall. Kono hako-wa kii dess. This box is large. Kono bru-wa chusai dess. ( This ball is small. Watashi-no kutsu-wa atarashii dess. . My shoes are new. Anata-no kutsushita-wa rurui dess. Your socks are old. EXERCISES Fill in the blanks.

1. Kami-wa omoi dess-ka? Is a (sheet of) paper heavy? Iie, kami-wa_________dess. No, a paper is light.

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2. Kono hako-wa chiisai dess-ka? Is this box small? Iie, kono hako-wa_________dess. No, this box is big.

3. Jettoki-wa_________dess-ka? Is a jet plane fast? Hai, jettoki-wa_________dess. Yes, a jet plane is fast.

4. Kono bru-wa kii dess-ka? Is this ball big? Iie, kono bru-wa _________dess. No, this ball is small.

5. Anata-no kutsu-wa furui dess-ka? 83

Are your shoes old? Iie, _________kutsu-wa_________ dess. No, my shoes are new.

6. Takushii-wa_________dess-ka? Is a taxi fast? Iie, takushii-wa_________dess. A taxi is slow. Refer to the pictures on the right and choose the correct adjectives:

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Fill in the blanks: 7. Fujisan-wa_________yama dess. Mt. Fuji is a high mountain. 8. Watashi-wa_________yfuku-o kaimashta. I bought a new dress (clothes). 9. Watashi-wa_________keshiki-ga suki dess. I love the beautiful scenery. 10. Kono bru-wa_________dess. This ball is round. 11. Kono nimotsu-wa_________dess. This luggage is heavy.

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LESSON 21

Adverbs
adverb form - ku - hayaku / fast, early, quickly osoku slowly, late hikuku low takaku high omoku M heavily karuku lightly nagaku long mijikaku short utsukushiku beautifully yoku well akaku red tsumetaku cold kimashta came ikimahss go, goes tobimahss fly, flies tobimashta flew narimahss become, becomes narimashta became (got turned into, etc.) imahss am, is, are, have been, has been kiremahss cut, cuts kirimashta cut (past tense) 86

sakimahss bloom, blooms benky a study (noun) shimahss do, does Nihongo Japanese dekimahss can NOTE: The formation and use of adverbs in Japanese is somewhat different from that in English. The chief difference to be noted here is that narimahss (become, becomes) and narimashta (became) are used with an adverb in Japanese rather than with an adjective as in English.

PHRASES Watashi-wa hayaku ikimahss. . I shall go quickly (early). Watashi-wa osoku kimashta. . I came late. Ano tori-wa hiku-ku tobimahss. . That bird is flying low. Jettoki-wa takaku tobimashta. . The jet plane flew high. Nimotsu-ga omoku narimashta. . The luggage is getting (becoming) heavy. Nimotsu-ga karuku narimashta. . The luggage became light. Watashi-wa nagaku Nihon-ni imahss. 87

I have been in Japan for a long time. Watashi-wa kami-no-ke-o mijikaku kirimashta. , I cut my hair short. (I have my hair cut short.) Hana-wa utsukushiku sakimahss. . The flowers are blooming beautifully. Anata-wa Nihongo-ga yoku dekimahss. You can speak Japanese well. Kono kaifu-wa yoku kiremahss. This knife cuts well. Ringo-wa akaku narimahss. The apples are turning (becoming) red. EXERCISES Fill in the blanks: 1. Watashi-ni kippu-o_________ kudasai. Please give me a ticket quickly. 2. Gakusei-wa _________benky shimahss. The student studies well. 3. Hikki-wa_________ tobimahss. The airplane flies high. 4. Watashi-wa_________ kimashta. I came late. 5. O-cha-ga _________ narimashta. The tea became cold. 6. Ringo-wa_________ narimahss. The apples are turning (becoming) red. 88

7. Watashi-wa kami-no-ke-o_________ kirimashta. I cut my hair short. (I have my hair cut short.) 8. Hana-wa _________ sakimahss. The flowers are blooming beautifully. 9. Nimotsu-ga_________ narimashta. The luggage became light. 10. Watashi-wa_________ Nihon-ni imahss. I have been in Japan for a long time.

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LESSON 22

Many and much, little and few


VOCABULARY takusan a lot of, many, much sukoshi a few, a little ikutsu how many sukoshi-mo none (with negative verb) mada still, yet arimahss is, are, there is, there are arimasenis not, are not, imahss is, are (of living creatures) PHRASES Hon-wa takusan arimahss-ka? Are there a lot of books? (Are there many books?) Hai, takusan arimahss, , . Yes, there are a lot. (Yes, there are.) Iie, takusan arimasen. . No, there aren't many. Soukoshi arimahss. . inhere are a few. Sukoshi-mo arimasen. . There aren't any. (There are none.) X-wa mada takusan arimahss-ka? X Are there a lot of X? Ikutsu arimahss-ka? How many?

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EXERCISES Refer to the pictures on the right and fill in the blanks.

1. Gohan-wa takusan arimahss-ka? Are there much cooked rice? Hai, _________ arimahss. Yes, there are much.

2. Tori-wa takusan imahss-ka? Are there many birds? _________, _________ imahss. Yes, there are many.

3. Anata-wa hon-o takusan motte-imahss-ka? Do you have many books? Hai, _________ motte-imahss. Yes, I have many.

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4. Isu-wa takusan arimahss-ka? There are a lot of chairs? Iie, _________ arimasen. No, there aren't many. 5. Ikutsu arimahss-ka? Hitotsu_________ . How many. There is one.

6. Ringo-wa takusan arimahss-ka? There are a lot of apples? Iie, _________ arimasen. No, there aren't many. _________ arimahss. There is one.

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LESSON 23

Where is it?
VOCABULARY

doko-ni where (with suffix indicating location "at") -no naka-ni inside of -no ue-ni on top of -no shita-ni below -no ushiro-ni in back of -no soba-ni beside, next to -no waki-ni beside, next to hidari left migi right hidari-gawa left side migi-gawa right side hidari-ni at the left, to the left of migi-ni at the right, to the right of pen pen megane eyeglasses 93

kumo cloud yubinposto mailbox

PHRASES Doko-ni arimahss-ka? Where is it? Pen-wa doko-ni arimahss-ka? 94

Where is the pen? Pen-wa tsukue-no ue-ni arimahss. The pen is on the desk. Megane-wa doko-ni arimahss-ka? Where are the eyeglasses? Megane-wa hikidashi-no naka-ni arimahss. The eyeglasses are in the drawer. Denki-no suitchi-wa doko-ni arimahss-ka? Where is the electric switch? Sore-wa doa-no waki-ni arimahss. It is beside the door. Kumo-wa doko-ni arimahss-ka? Where is the cloud? Kumo-wa sora-no ue-ni arimahss. . The cloud is in the sky. Gink-wa doko-ni arimahss-ka? Where is the bank? Gink-wa kono michi-no hidari-gawa-ni arimahss. The bank is on the left side of this street. Kaisha-wa doko dess-ka? Where is your office? Kaisha-wa hidari-ni arimahss. My office is at (to) the left. EXERCISES Refer to the pictures and fill in the blanks.

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1. Bru-wa doko-ni arimahss-ka? Where is the ball? Bru-wa_________ _________arimahss. The ball is in the box.

2. Megane-wa doko-ni arimahss-ka? Where are the eyeglasses? Megane-wa_________ _________arimahss. The eyeglasses are on the desk.

3. Hon-ya-wa doko dess-ka? Where are the bookstore? Hon-ya-wa kono michi-no_________ arimahss. The bookstore is on the left side of this street.

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4. Denki-no suitchi-wa doko-ni arimahss-ka? Where is the electric switch? Sore-wa_________-ni arimahss. It is on the left side.

5. Kaisha-wa doko-ni arimahss-ka? Where is the office? Kaisha-wa_________-ni arimahss. The office is on the right side.

6. Ybin posuto-wa doko dess-ka? Where is the mailbox? Ybin posuto-wa_________-ni arimahss. The mailbox is at (to) the left.

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LESSON 24

Let's make a phone call!


VOCABULARY denwa telephone kakemash (telephone) let's call moshi, moshi , hello (on the telephone) san Miss, Mr. , Mrs. (never with one's own name) -mo too, also hanasu-koto to speak, speaking (noun) jzu well ne "...... don't you?... can't you?isn't it?aren't you? etc. dewa then, well then SayonaraGood bye PHRASES Moshi, moshi. Keiko-san dess-ka? John: ,, Hello. Is this Keiko? Keiko: Hai, s dess. Yes, it is. Watashi-wa John dess. Gokigen ikaga dess-ka? John: . This is John. How are you? Watashi-wa genki dess. Anata-wa ikaga dess-ka? . Keiko: I'm fine. How are you? Watashi-mo genki dess. Anata-wa Eigo-o hanasukoto-ga dekimahss-ka? John: I'm fine too. Can you speak English? Hai, sukoshi dekimahss. Anata-wa Nihongo-ga jzu dess ne, , Keiko: . Yes, I cana little. You can speak Japanese well, can't you? 98

Arigat-gozaimahss. Dewa, saynara. . ,. Thank you. Well then, goodbye. Hanako: Soaynara. .Goodbye. John:

EXERCISES Answer the questions. 1 . _________ Keiko-san dess-ka? Hello. Is this Keiko? Hai, s dess. Yes, it is. 2. Watashi-wa_________ dess. _________ ikaga dess-ka? This is John. How are you? 3. Watashi-wa_________ dess. Anata-wa ikaga dess-ka? I'm fine. How are you? 4. Watashi-mo_________ dess. I'm fine too. 5. Dewa, _________. Well then, goodbye. Saynara. Goodbye.

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LESSON 25

A Japanese game and a song


VOCABULARY haru spring tori bird, birds naku sing, sings saku bloom, blooms kita has come, came no fields sato village yama mountains -de (suffix indicating that an action is taking place at the location named)

Jan-ken-pon is a very popular game among Japanese children as well as adults. The Japanese people play this game to decide the winner and the loser in everyday activities, just as the Americans flip a coin into the air to decide the same thing. In this game, three hand signs are used: g, symbolizing stone; choki, symbolizing scissors; and p, symbolizing paper. The palm of the hand represents a sheet of paper and is called pa. The closed fist represents stone and is called g, Two fingers the index finger and the middle 100

fingerrepresent a pair of scissors, called choki. Each player makes whichever of these gestures he chooses, and the winner is decided as follows: Paper wraps stone, so paper wins over stone. Stone is too hard for scissors to cut, so stone wins over scissors. Scissors cut paper, so scissors win over paper. As you play this game, you may sing the following well-known Japanese children's song (ask one of your Japanese friends to teach you the melody): Haru-ga Kita 1. Ha-ru-ga ki-ta, ha-ru-ga ki-ta. Doko-ni-ki-ta? Ya-ma-ni ki-ta, sa-to-ni ki-ta, no-ni-mo ki-ta. ,, . 2. To-ri-ga na-ku, to-ri-ga na-ku. Do-ko-de-na-ku? Ya-ma-de na-ku, sa-to-de na-ku, node-mo na-ku. . 3. Ha-na-ga sa-ku, ha-na-ga sa-ku. Do-ko-ni-sa-ku? ia-ma-ni sa-ku, sa-to-ni sa-ku, no-nimo sa-ku. . . .

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Vocabulary List
Japanese - English
ago chin aisatsu greetings akai red (adjective) akaku red (adverbial form) aki autumn amai sweet ame rain Amerika-jin an American, American people anatayou anata-ni to you anata-noyour anata-wayou (nominative) ano that (adjective, for distant objects) are that (pronoun, for distant objects) arigat. Thank you. (less formal) arigat -gozaimahss. Thank you. (more formal) arimasen is not, are not, there is not, there are not arimahss is, are, there is, there are asa morning ashi leg, foot, legs, feet ashi-no-yubi toe, toes ashita tomorrow asu tomorrow atama head atarashii new atatakai warm atsui/ hot ban evening bara rose basutei bus stop beruto belt benky study (noun) bijinesu-man businessman bru ball 102

bshi hat bubun part buta-niku pork cha (o-cha) .) tea chusai small, little chikatetsu no eki subway station Chgoku-jin a Chinese, Chinese people de-wa arimasen am/is/are not deguchi exit dekimasen be unable, cannot dekimahss be able, can denki electricity, electric light, electric densha train denwa telephone depto / department sotre deshita was, were desu (des) am, is, are dewa then, well then d how doadoor Doitsu-jin a German, German people doko where dmo very much dore which Do-yobi Saturday dzo please Eigo English language eki station empitsu pencil en yen fku-fork Fujisan Mt. Fuji fukushi adverb fun (pun) minute Furansu-jin a French, French people furui old futari two persons futatsu two futsuka second (day of the month) fuyu winter -ga (nominative postposition) 103

gakusei. student genki healthy, fine, well geta wooden clogs Getsu-ybi Monday gink bank go five gochis-sama. (everyday expression said after eating) Go-satsu May gogo afternoon, P. M. gohan cooked rice gokigen feeling, state of health gomen-nasai. I am sorry, excuse me, pardon me gorufu golf gozen morning, A. M. gyniku beef gyny milk ha tooth, teeth hachi eight Hachi-gatsu August hagaki postcard hai yes haizara ashtray hako box han half hana flower hana nose hanasu-koto to speak, speaking (noun) happi happi coat haru spring hasni (o-hashi) chopsticks hata flag hatsuka twentieth (day of the month) hayai / fast, quick, early (adjective) hayaku / fast, quickly, early (adverb) heya room hidari left (direction) hidari-gawa ' left side hikidashi drawer hikki airplane hikui low, short (in height) 104

hikuku low (adverbial form) hiru afternoon, noon, p. m. hitai forehead hitori one person hitotsu one hiza knee hoho cheek hon book hon-ya bookshop hoteru hotel hyaku hundred hyogen expression (in speech) ichi - one ichi position Ichi-gatsu January Igirisu-jin a British, British people ii (yoi) good, fine iie no (interjection) ikaga how? ikimahss (yukimahss) go, goes ikura how much ikutsu how many imahss is, are, am imasen is not, are not, am not inu dog irasshaimase. Welcome. Please come in. isha doctor ishi stone, rock isu chair itadakimahss (everyday expression, said before eating) I shall (eat). Let's eat. itai painful itsuka fifth (day of the month) itsutsu five Jan-ken-pon (the Japanese game of "scissors, paper and stone") jettoki jet plane -ji o'clock, time jidsha car jisho dictionary jzu very well, be skillful, be good at j ten 105

J-gatsu October J-ichi-gatsu November J-ni-gatsu December jsho address -ka (The sentence that ends with -ka is an interrogative sentence.) kaban suitcase, brief case kaimono shopping kaisha office kakemahss (denwa-o) call ( kakimahss write, writes kaku-koto to write, writing (noun) kamera camera kami paper kami-no-ke hair kao face karada body karai salty, peppery, spicy karui light (adjective) karuku lightly (adverb) kasa umbrella kashi (o-kashi) cake kata shoulder katai hard, crisp kawaii cute, lovely, pretty Ka-yobi Tuesday kaze cold kazu number ke hair keitai denwa cell phone keiyshi adjective keshiki scenery kik climate kimahss come, comes kin yesterday Kinybi Friday kippu ticket kirai dislike kiremahss cut kirimashta cut (past tense) kisetsu season kita came, has come 106

kodomo child, children khii coffee koko, koko-ni here kokonoka ninth(day of the month) kokonotsu nine komban-wa good evening kongetsu this month konnichi-wa good day, Hello, Good afternoon kono this (adjective) konsh this week kore this (pronoun) kore-wa this (pronoun, nominative) kotae answer ku nine kubi neck kuchi mouth kudamono fruit... kudasai... (please) give me Kugatsu September kk airport kumori cloudy kutsu shoes kutsushita stockings, socks ky today ky nine kyjitsu holiday mada still, yet mae before, to (in telling time) man ten thousand marui round me eye, eyes megane eyeglasses meshiagare please help yourself. michi street, road migi right (direction) mijikai short (adjective) mijikaku short (adverb) mikka third (day of the month) mimi ear, ears miruku milk 107

mise (o-mise) ) shop, store mittsu three mizu (o-mizu) water -mo too, also Moku-ybi Thursday momo peach moshi, moshi , hello (on the telephone) motte-imasen have not, has not motte-imahss have, has muika sixth (day of the month) mune chest muttsu six nagai long (adjective) nagaku long (adverb) naka inside (noun) naifu knife naku cry, sing (birds) namae name nan-ji what timer nan, nani what? nanoka seventh (day of the month) nana, nanatsu seven napukin napkin narimashta became, grew narimahss become, becomes, grow, grows natsu summer ... , ne ... , isn't it?... , aren't you?, don't you? etc nekutai tie netsu fever ni two -ni to, at, in, for nichi day (date) nichy daily, everyday Nichi-ybi Sunday Ni-gatsu February Nihon Japan Nihongo Japanese language Nihon-jin a Japanese, Japanese people Nihon ryri Japanese dishes (cooking) niku meat 108

nimotsu luggage, package -nin -people (counting people) ningy doll no field -no of, s (possessive; postposition for possessive case) nodo throat -no naka-ni in, inside -no shita-ni under -no soba-ni by, beside, next to -no ue-ni on, to top of, over -no ushiro-ni behind -no waki-ni by, beside, next to -o (postposition for objective case) o tail o-(honorific prefix often added to a noun for politeness) o-cha tea Ohay -gozaimahss Good morning o-hashi . chopsticks oishii tasty, delicious o-kashi cake, candy okii big, large omedet-gozaimahss congratulation omeshiagari kudasai please help yourself o-mise , shop, store o-mizu water omoi heavy omoku heavily o-naka stomach ongaku music o-sat sugar o-sembei Japanese rice crackers o-shio salt osoi slow, late osoku slowly, late (adverb) o-tenki weather o-tfu bean curd otona adult, grown-up oyasumi-nasai Good night pasokon personal computer pen pen 109

piano piano pun (fun) minute raigetsu next month raish next week rait lighter resutoran restaurant ringo apple roku six Roku-gatsu June ryori food, cooking sakana fish sakimahss blooms, bloom sake sake saku blooms, bloom samui cold san - three -san Mr. , Mrs., Miss San-gatsu March sashimi sashimi sato village sat (o-sat) sugar saynara. Goodbye se height (of a person) sembei (o-sembei) Japanese rice crackers sen thousand sengetsu last month sensei teacher sensh last week shatsu shirt shi four shichi seven Shichi-gatsu July Shi-gatsu April shikakui square shimahss do, does shimbun newspaper shinju pearl, pearls shinkansen bullet train shinsen fresh shio (o-shio) () salt 110

shiroi white shita tongue shita bottom, lower part, foot (of hill) shokki dinnerware sh week so so, exactly! soba noodles soko, soko-ni, there sono that (adjective, for non-distant objects) sora sky sore that (pronoun, for nondistant objects) sore-wa that (pronoun, nominative, for non-distant objects) sugi after, past (in telling time) suitchi switch suiybi Wednesday suki like sukoshi a little, a few sukoshi-mo none sumimasen (suimasen) sorry, thank you spmketto / supermarKet supn spoon sushi sushi suzushii cool tabako / cigarette tabemono food taberu-koto to eat, eatingnoun) tadashii right, correct takai high, tall takaku high (adverb) takusan a lot of, many, much takushii taxi tamagoegg tango vocabulary tate vertical te hand tenki (o-tenki) weather to ten tobimahss fly, flies (verb) tfu (o-tofu) bean curd tka tenth (day of the month) tokei watch, clock 111

Tky capital city of Japan tomodachi (o-tomodachi) )friend tori bird tsuitachi first (day of the month) tsuki month tsukue desk tsumetai cool, cold tsumetaku cool, cold uchi house, home ude arm ue top, upper part ushiro back, rear (noun) utsukushii beautiful utsukushiku beautifully uwagi jacket, coat -wa (nominative postposition) waki side warui bad watashi (watakshi) I watashi-ni (watakshi-ni) to me watashi-no (watakshi-no) my watashi-wa (watakshi-wa) I -ya store, shop yama mountain yasai vegetable, vegetables yattsu eight yawarakai soft ybi days of the week yka eighth (days of the month) ykka yokka (days of the month) yo, yon four ybi day of the week yfuku clothes, dress (Western style) yoi (ii) good, fine yji toothpick yoko horizontal yoku well yomu-koto to read, reading (noun) yottsu four yubi finger 112

ygata evening yuki snow yukimahss (ikimahss) go, goes yuku-koto (iku-koto) to go, going (noun) ymei famous zri sandals zubon pants

English - Japanese
a few sukoshi a little sukoshi A. M. gozen address jush adjective keiyshi adult otona adverb fukushi after sugi afternoon gogo, hiru , airplane hikki airport kuko also -mo am dess, imahss, am not de-wa arimasen, imasen , American (people) Amerika-jin answer kotae apple ringo April Shi-gatsu are dess, arimahss, imahss , , are not arimasen, imasen , arm ude ashtray haizara at -ni - August Hachi-gatsu autumn aki back ushiro bad warui ball bru bank gink be able dekimahss, dekiru , 113

be good at jzu be skillful jzu bebe unable dekimasen bean curd tfu (o-tfu) ) beautiful utsukushii beautifully utsukushiku became narimashta become (s) narimahss, naru , before mae behind -no ushiro-ni belt beruto beside -no soba-ni, -no waki-ni , big kii bird tori bloom sakimahss, saku , bodv karada book hon bookshop hon-ya bottom shita box hako brief case kaban British, British people Igirisu-jin bullet shinkansen businessman bijinesu-man bus stop basutei by -no waki-ni, -no soba-ni , cake kashi (o-kashi) () call (denwa-o) kamemahss, kakeru ( , came kita, kimasnta , camera kamera can dekimahss candy o-kashi cannot dekimasen capital Tky car jidsha cell phone keitai denwa chair isu cheek hoho chest mune child, children kodomo 114

chin ago chopsticks hashi (o-hashi) Chinese, Chinese people Chgoku-jin cigarette tabako climate kik ' clock tokei clothes yfuku cloudy kumori coat uwagi coffee khii cold samui, tsumetai , , kaze , tsumetaku come kimahss, kuru , congratulation omedet-gozaimahss cooked rice gohan cooking ryri cool suzushii, tsumetai , correct taaashii crisp katai cry naku cut (past tense) kirimashta , kiremahss cute kawaii daily nichij day (date) nichi days of the week ybi December Jni-gatsu delicious oishii department sotre depato desk tsukue dictionary jisho dinnerware shokki dislike kirai do(es) shimahss, suru , doctor isha dog inu doll ningyo door doa drawer hikidashi dress yfuku ear(s) mimi early (adj.) hayai / (adv.) hayaku / eating (n.) taberu-koto 115

egg tamago eight hachi, yattsu , eighth (days of the month) yka electric denki English (language) Eigo evening ban, ygata II, everyday nichij Excuse me. Gomen-nasai. . exit deguchi expression hyogen eye(s) me eyeglasses megane face kao famous yumei fast (adj.) hayai /; (adv.) hayaku / February Ni-gatsu feeling gokigen feet ashi fever netsu field no fifth (day of the month) itsuka fine ii, yoi, genki , finger yubi first (day of the month) tsuitachi fish sakana five go, itsutsu , flag hata flower hana fly/flies tobimahss food tabemono foot ashi ;(of hill) shita forehead hitai fork foku four yon, shi, yo, yottsu , fourth (days of the month) yokka French, French people Furansu-jin fresh shinsen Friday Kinybi friend tomodachi (o-tomodachi) fruit kudamono 116

German, German people Doitsu-jin give me kudasai go(es) ikimahss (yukimahss), iku (yuku) , going (n.) iku-koto (yuku-koto) golf goruru good ii, yoi , Good afternoon. Konnichi-wa. Good day. Konnichi-wa. . Good evening. Komban-wa. Good morning. Ohay-gozaimahss. . Good night. Oyasumi-nasai. . Goodbye. Saynara. . greetings aisatsu grew narimashta grow(s) narimahss, naru , beef gyuniku hair kami-no-ke, ke , half han hand te happicoat happi hard katai has/have motte-imahss has/have not motte-imasen hat boshi head atama healthy genki heavily omoku heavy omoi height (of a person) se hello (on the telephone) moshi, moshi hello konnichi-wa here koko, koko-ni ,; high (adv.) takaku ; adj.) takai holiday kyujitsu home uchi horizontal yoko hot atsui / hotel hoteru house uchi 117

how d, ikaga, how much (numbers) ikutsu ;(price) ikura hundred hyaku I wata(ku)shi, wata(ku)shi-wa , I am sorry Gomen-nasai in -ni, -no naka-ni , ; inside naka, -no naka-ni , is dess, arimahss, imahss , , is not arimasen, imasen , jacket uwagi January Ichi-gatsu - Japan Nihon Japanese (dishes) Nihon ryri ; (language) Nihongo ;people) Nihon-jin Japanese rice crackers sembei (o-sembei) ( ,) jet plane jettoki July Shichi-gatsu June Roku-gatsu knee hiza large kii last month sengetsu last week sensh late (adj.) osoi ;(adv.) osoku left hidari left side hidari-gawa leg(s) ashi light (adj.) karui ;(adv.) karuku lighter rait like suki little chiisai long (adj.) nagai ; (adv.) nagaku lovely kawaii low (adj.) hikui ; (adv.) hikuku lower part shita luggage nimotsu many takusan March San-gatsu May Go-gatsu meat niku milk gyunyu, mirk , 118

minute fun (pun) Miss -san Monday Getsu-yobi month tsuki morning asa, gozen , mountain yama mouth kuchi Mr. -san Mrs. -san Mt. Fuji Fujisan much takusan music ongaku my watashi-no napkin napukin name namae neck kubi new atarashii newspaper shimbun next month raigetsu next to -no soba-ni, -no waki-ni , next week raishu nine ku, ky, kokonotsu , ninth (day of the month) kokonoka no (interjection) iie none sukoshi-mo noodles soba noon hiru nose hana November Jichi-gatsu number kazu October Jgatsu of -no office kaisha old furui on -no ue-ni one ichi, hitotsu , one person hitori over -no ue-ni o'clock -ji p. m. hiru, gogo , 119

package nimotsu painful itai pants zubon paper kami part bubun past (in telling time) sugi peach momo pearl(s) shinju pen pen pencil empitsu -people (counting) -nin peppery karai personal computer pasokon piano piano please kudasai, dzo , please come in irasshaimase please help yourself dzo meshia-gare, omeshiagari kudasai , pork buta-niku position ichi postcard hagaki pretty kawaii quick hayai / quickly havaku rain ame reading (n.) yomu-koto rear ushiro red (adj.) akai ;(adv.) akaku restaurant resutoran right migi ; tadashii road michi rock ishi room heya rose bara round marui sake sake salt shio (o-shio)() salty (sio)karai () sandals zori sashimi sashimi 120

Saturday Do-ybi scenery keshiki season kisetsu second (day of the month) futsuka September Kugatsu seven nana, shichi, nanatsu , seventh (day of the month) nanoka shirt shatsu shoes kutsu shop (o-)mise (, -ya shopping kaimono short (adj.) hikui ;mijikai ;adv.) mijikaku shoulder kata side soba, waki sing (birds) naku six roku, muttsu , sixth (day of the month) muika sky sora slow osoi slowly osoku small chiisai snow yuki so so socks kutsushita soft yawarakai sorry sumimasen (suimasen) speaking (n.) hanasu-koto spicy karai spoon supn spring haru square shikakui state of health gokigen station eki stockings kutsushita stomach o-naka stone ishi store -ya street michi student gakusei study benky 121

subway station chikatetsu no eki sugar sat (o-sat) suitcase kaban summer natsu Sunday Nichi-yobi supermarket supmketto sushi sushi sweet amai switch suitchi tail o tall takai tasty oishii taxi takushii tea cha (o-cha) teacher sensei teeth ha telephone denwa ten j, t ten thousand man tenth tka thank you arigat (less formal), arigato-gozaimahss (more formal) . , sumimasen (suimasen) that ano, sono, are, sore, sore-wa ,,,, then dewa there soko, soko-ni , there are/is arimahss there are/is not arimasen third (day of the month) mikka this kono, kore, kore-wa , , this month kongetsu this week konsh thousand sen three san, mittsu , throat nodo Thursday Moku-yobi ticket kippu tie nekutai time -ji to (in telling time) mae, -ni , to eat taberu-koto 122

to go yuku-koto to me watashi-ni to read yomu-koto to speak hanasu-koto to top of -no ue-ni to write kaku-koto to you anata-ni today kyo toe(s) ashi-no-yubi tomorrow ashita, asu tongue shita too -mo tooth ha toothpick yji top ue train densha Tuesday Ka-ybi twentieth (day of the month) hatsuka two ni, futatsu , two persons futari umbrella kasa under -no shita-ni upper part ue vegetable yasai vertical tate very much dmo very well jzu village sato vocabulary tango warm atatakai/ was/were deshita watch tokei water mizu (o-mizu) weather tenki (o-tenki) Wednesday Suiybi week sh welcome Irasshaimase well genki, yoku , well then dewa what nani, nan what time nan-ji 123

where doko which dore white shiroi winter fuyu wooden clogs geta z write(s) kakimahss, kaku . writing (n.) Kaku-koto yen en yes hai yesterday kin you anata, anata-wa , your anata-no

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