PARADIGM ANALYSIS

Michael Makekau SW 659 Human Behavior and the Social Environment I

ORGANIZATIONS
A social unit of people systematically structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals on a continuing basis. All organizations have management structure that determines relationships between functions and positions, and subdivides and delegates roles, responsibilities, and authority to carry out defined tasks. Organizations are open systems in that they affect and are affected by the environments beyond their boundaries.

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS 1. Private-for-profit organizations which include businesses and corporations organized with the primary goal of making an economic profit. 2. Governmental organizations that make up the public sector, which include local, state, national, and international governmental organizations. Common public sector organizations are public health, education, and human service organizations. 3. Private-not-for-profit An incorporated organization which exists for educational or charitable reasons, and from which its shareholders or trustees do not benefit financially. Often called non-profit organizations or NGOs, a term used outside the U.S.

OLD PARADIGM

NEW PARADIGM

Control, regulation Management direction Employees treated like children Short-term goals Rigid hierarchy Satisfying shareholders Competition Aggressive warlike values

Openness Employee empowerment Employees treated like adults and equal partners, as a community, or a group of leaders Long-term goals that fir into an overall corporate vision Flexibility, market orientation, people orientation Acknowledgment of all stakeholders Cooperation and co-creation Values of openness, integrity, trust, equality, mutual respect, dignity

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

The criminal justice system is a set of legal and social institutions for enforcing the criminal law in accordance with a defined set of procedural rules and limitations. Criminal justice system includes several major subsystems, composed of one or more public institutions and their stafflaw enforcement, courts, prosecution/public defender offices, probation/parole, custodial institutions (jails, prisons, etc.), and corrections. All of the institutions and actors in the criminal justice system are highly interdependentthat is, what each one does depends on what the others do, and a reform or change in one part of the system can have major repercussions on other parts. The notion of a system suggests something highly rationalcareful planned, coordinated, and regulated. Although a certain amount of rationality does exist, much of the functioning of criminal justice agencies is unplanned, poorly coordinated, and unregulated.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM FLOWCHART

THE AGING PRISON POPULATION

Today, one out of every 9 Americans is "old"another former youth turns 50 every 8 seconds. Those age 65 and older now exceed 35 million, a number poised to explode. January 2011 ushered in the first of approximately 77 million Baby Boomers, born from 1946 through 1964 and are surging toward the gates of retirement.

The United States incarcerates a higher percentage of its population than any other country in the world. Currently, there are over 2.3 million Americans in prison or in jail.

ELDERLY PRISON POPULATION

Prisoners over the age of 50 is the fastest growing age

group in prison, but they face isolation and discrimination because their health, social and resettlement needs are not being met. Studies have discovered that more than 80% of male prisoners over 60 had chronic illness and disability. It is widely reported that prisoners lifestyles are so debilitating that you can add ten years to their age. Two types of elderly inmates: (1) geriatric and (2) nongeriatric.

Factors Leading to Higher Health Care Expenditures

Lack of Preventive Care Tendency to Engage in High-Risk Behavior
Drug & alcohol abuse Smoking Unprotected sex

Early Aging

Inmates have a greater Rate of Chronic & Infectious Disease than Person of the Same Age in the Free World

Longer & More Frequent Hospitalizations Higher Health Care Expenditures

More Contacts with Health Care Providers

SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE The social work professional should be prepared to work at many system levels to help the aging population.

Need to use effective practices to promote rehabilitation such as helping prisoners maintain family ties and responsibilities. Need to identify through researchoptions such as, alternatives to prison, effective treatment programs, their health needs and community resources available.
Participate in policy debates, collaborate with other organizations, and advocate preventative efforts.

TRADITIONAL PARADIGM

ALTERNATIVE PARADIGM

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