DUTY OF ROSS What is gratitude? It is a feeling or attitude in acknowledgment of a benefit that one has received or will receive.

. Duty of gratitude a duty to appreciate and recognize the services others have done for us, which may be either a favor, kindness, good fortune, a great help, or saving ones life duty to be grateful for good things done to you and if possible to show it by good deeds in return. Bivins illustrates the concept by noting that employees treated favorably tend to express their gratitude by performing their duties well. How do we define JUSTICE? Rendering what is ones due( Health Care Ethics by Sambajon) The quality of being just, impartial, or fair(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

Duty of justice - stresses the proper distribution of social benefits and burdens. It means only those who merit rewards should receive them, regardless of their position or power.-BIVINS This also means punishment should be distributed when appropriate, regardless of status. What is beneficience? >It is a practice of doing good things (Webster) >It is also an actions that promote the well being of others(Wikipedia) Duty of Beneficence The duty to do good to others: to foster their health, security, wisdom, moral goodness, or happiness. It requires that people improve the existence of others whenever possible. Ross says beneficence is an obligation to other beings in the world whose condition we can make better." What do you mean by SELF-IMPROVEMENT? It is improvement of one's status, mind, abilities, etc. by one's own efforts(WEBSTER)

Duty of Self-Improvement It is a duty to improve ones own existence whenever possible. It is to act so as to promote ones own good, i.e., ones own health, security, wisdom, moral goodness, and happiness. It is that one has a duty to undertake ones self-actualization or self- improvement in personal virtue (integrity), expertise and happiness. Ross links it with virtue and intelligence. How do you define Non-maleficience ? It derives from the ancient maxim primum non nocere, which, translated from the Latin, means "first, do no harm. It is an act that prevents committing harm or evil Duty of non-maleficence (non-injury). >It provides that evil or harm should not be inflicted either on oneself or on others >It is simply the obligation to avoid hurting someone when possible. Example: a physician who assumes the treatment and care of a patient, yet lacks the qualifications of his profession, and does not possesses the skill, care, and diligence required for treating such a patient, would actually be exposing this patient to danger