The Behavior of Gases

1.1(b) (a) Could 25 g oI argon gas in a vessel oI volume 1.5 dm 3 exert a pressure oI 2.0 bar at 30C iI
it behaved as a perIect gas? II not, what pressure would it exert? (b) What pressure would it exert iI it
behaved as a van der Waals gas?
Solution:
1.2 (b) The Iollowing data have been obtained Ior oxygen gas at 273.15 K. Calculate the best value oI
the gas constant R Irom them and the best value oI the molar mass oI O 2 .
p/atm 0.500 0.25 0.75
Vm /(dm 3
mol-) 44.809 89.6384 29.9649
/(g dm- 3 ) 0.71411 0.356975 1.07144
Solution:
1.3 (b) At 100C and 1.60 kPa, the mass density oI phosphorus vapour is 0.6388 kg m
-3
. What is the
molecular Iormula oI phosphorus under these conditions?
Solution:
1.4 (b) A gas at 250 K and 15 atm has a molar volume 12 per cent smaller than that calculated Irom the
perIect gas law. Calculate (a) the compression Iactor under these conditions and (b) the molar volume
oI the gas. Which are dominating in the sample, the attractive or the repulsive Iorces?
Solution:
1.5(b) At 300 K and 20 atm, the compression Iactor oI a gas is 0.86. Calculate (a) the volume occupied
by 8.2 mmol oI the gas under these conditions and (b) an approximate value oI the second virial
coeIIicient B at 300 K.
Solution:
1.6(b) 1.19(b) The critical constants oI ethane are Pc 48.20 atm, Vc 148 cm
3
mol
-1
, and Tc 305.4
K. Calculate the van der Waals parameters oI the gas and estimate the radius oI the molecules.
Solution:
1.7 (b) Use the van der Waals parameters Ior hydrogen sulIide to calculate approximate values oI (a)
the Boyle temperature oI the gas (a 4.484 L
2
atm mol
-1
, b 0.0434 L mol
-1
.
Solution:
1.8 (b) Suggest the pressure and temperature at which 1.0 mol oI (a) H
2
S, (b) CO
2
(c) Ar will be in
states that correspond to 1.0 mol N
2
at 1.0 atm and 25C.
Solution:
b 4*

(4ar
3
/3)
r
1.8(b) A certain gas obeys the van der Waals equation with a 0.76 m
6
Pa mol
-1
. Its volume is Iound to
be 4.00 * 10
-4
m
3
mol
-1
at 288K and 4.0 MPa. From this inIonnation calculate the van der Waals
constant b. What is the compression Iactor Ior this gas at the prevailing temperature and pressure?
Solution:
1.9(b) The second virial coeIIicient oI methane can be approximated by the empirical equation
where a -0.1993 bar
-1
, b 0.2002 bar
-1
, and c 1131 K
2
with 300K T 600K . What is the Boyle
temperature oI methane?
Solution:
1.10 (b) The second virial coeIIicient B' can be obtained Tom measurements oI the density p oI a gas
at a series oI pressures. Show that the graph oI p/p against p should be a straight line with slope
roportional to B'.
Solution:
1.11(b) The equation oI state oI a certain gas is given by P RT/V
m
(a bT)/V
m
2
, where a and b are
constants. Find

Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
T
2
Solution:
P
2

Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
2.34(b)
Solution:
2.35(b)
2.36(b)
Exercise:
2.37(b)
2.38(b)
2.39(b)
2.40 (b)
2.41 (b)