Jenis-jenis Storage Tank (Tengki Timbun);

Untuk tangki silinder tegak, konstruksi atap (roof) dapat berupa fixed roof ataupun floating roof. Untuk zat cair yang sangat volatil, untuk meminimasi loss dan konsequences, dipakai konstruksi floating roof.

Fixed Roof Tank

Fixed Roof Tank Tengki jenis fixed roof adalah tengki silinder dengan konfigurasi atapnya bersatu dengan dinding shellnya. dari bentuk roofnya dapat berbentuk cone (kerucut) atau dome (kubah). Tengki ini biasanya digunakan untuk fuida bertekanan rendah.

Flouting Roof Tank

Flouting Roof Tank

Flouting Roof Tank adalah tengki jenis silinder yang mempunyai kontruksi yang berbeda dari pada Fixed Roof !tap pada flouting roof tidak menyatu dengan dinding (shell) Roof ini dapat bergerak naik atau turun tergantung dari le"el fluida didalamnya Fouting ini akan berada diatasnya jika isi fluida didalamnya tinggi ( hight ) dan akan berada diba#ah ketika le"el fluida didalamnya rendah (lo#)

Fixed-Roof Tank
Of currently used tank designs, the fixed roof tank is the least expensi!e to construct and is generally considered the minimum acceptable e"uipment for storing li"uids. # typical fixed roof tank consists of a cylindrical steel shell $ith a cone or dome shaped roof that is permanently affixed to the tank shell. %torage tanks are usually fully $elded and designed for both li"uid and !apor tight, $hile older tanks are often ha!e a ri!eted or bolted construction and are not !apor tight.

Lifting and handling of a stainless steel storage tank (large image).

# breather &al!e (pressure !acuum &al!e), $hich is commonly installed on many fixed roof tanks, allo$s the tank to operate at a slight internal pressure or !acuum. This &al!e pre!ents the release of !apors during only !ery small changes in temperature, barometric pressure, or li"uid le!el, the emissions from a fixed roof tank can be appreciable. #dditionally, gauge hatches'sample $ells, float gauges, and roof manholes pro!ide accessibility to these tanks and also ser!e as potential sources of !olatile emissions.

External Floating Roof Tank

# typical external floating roof tank consists of an open topped cylindrical steel shell e"uipped $ith a roof that floats on the surface of the stored li"uid, rising and falling $ith the li"uid le!el. The floating roof is comprised of a deck, fittings, and rim seal system. Floating roof decks are constructed of $elded steel plates and are of three general types( pan, pontoon, and double deck. #lthough numerous pan type decks are currently in use, the present trend is to$ard pontoon and double deck type floating roofs.

)anufacturers supply !arious !ersions of these basic types of floating decks, $hich are tailored to emphasi*e particular features, such as full li"uid contact, load carrying capacity, roof stability, or pontoon arrangement. The li"uid surface is co!ered by the floating deck, except in the small annular space bet$een the deck and the shell+ the deck may contact the li"uid or float directly abo!e the surface on pontoons. ,xternal floating roof tanks are e"uipped $ith a rim seal system, $hich is attached to the roof perimeter and contacts the tank $all. The rim seal system slides against the tank $all as the roof is raised and lo$ered. The floating deck is also e"uipped $ith fittings that penetrate the deck and ser!e operational functions. The external floating roof design is such that e!aporati!e losses from the stored li"uid are limited to losses from the rim seal system and deck fittings (standing storage loss) and any exposed li"uid on the tank $alls ($ithdra$al loss).

Internal Floating Roof Tank

That tanks has both, a permanent fixed roof and a floating roof inside. There are t$o basic types of internal floating roof tanks(

tanks in which the fixed roof is supported by vertical columns within the tank tanks with a selfsupporting fixed roof and no internal support columns

The fixed roof is not necessarily free of openings but does span the entire open plan area of the !essel. Fixed roof tanks that ha!e been retrofitted to employ an internal floating roof are typically of the first type, $hile external floating roof tanks that ha!e been con!erted to an internal floating roof tank typically ha!e a self supporting roof. Tanks initially constructed $ith both a fixed roof and an internal floating roof may be of either type. #n internal floating roof tank has both a permanently affixed roof and a roof that floats inside the tank on the li"uid surface (contact deck) or is supported on pontoons se!eral inches abo!e the li"uid surface (noncontact deck). The internal floating roof rises and falls $ith the li"uid le!el.

Domed External Floating Roof Tank

-omed external floating roof tanks ha!e the hea!ier type of deck used in external floating roof tanks as $ell as a fixed roof at the top of the shell like internal floating roof tanks. -omed external floating roof tanks usually result from retrofitting an external floating roof tank $ith a fixed roof. #s $ith the internal floating roof tanks, the function of the fixed roof is not to act as a !apor barrier, but to block the $ind. The type of fixed roof most commonly used is a self supporting aluminum dome roof, $hich is of bolted construction. .ike the internal floating roof tanks, these tanks are freely !ented by circulation !ents at the top of the fixed roof. The deck fittings and rim seals, ho$e!er, are basically identical to those on external floating roof tanks