CHIRANJEELAL MINERAL INDUSTRIES

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
&
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

of

DOLOMITE & FIRE CLAY/CHINA CLAY MINING PROJECT

at

Khariduara, Kumari & Boch mouza

P.S. – Manbazar – II, District – Purulia
West Bengal

PREPARED BY
BHARAT FOUNDATION
25/11A, K.P. ROY LANE
KOLKATA - 700031

AUGUST, 2008
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. PREAMBLE

M/S Chiranjeelal Mineral Industries (CMI), a private organization, is proposed in mining and
processing of dolomite deposits and fire clay deposits at Mouza – Khariduara, Kumari &
Boch, Police Station: Manbazar – II, Purulia District of West Bengal. At present CMI
possesses ore reserves of about 12500 t/year of dolomite and fire clay/china clay of 9100
t/year.
In order to assess the likely impacts on environment due to ongoing mining activity and to
have a tool of environment management, M/s CMI has submitted the Rapid Environment
Impact Assessment & Environmental Management Plan study report for proposed mining
project and summary of the same report is being submitted for the purpose of public hearing.

2. LOCATION

The Mining Plan on Dolomite (Dolomite & Dolomite Marble) & Fire clay/China clay Mine of
M/s Chiranjeelal Mineral Industries extends over an area of 76 acres, consisting of
Khariduara, Kumari & Boch Mouzas of Manbazar-II. The area is 65 kms. southeast of Purulia
district of West Bengal. The company is registered at Jhalda. Manbazar is the nearest
township. The four big steel plants of Tata, Durgapur, Bokaro and Burnpur are the close
neighbours of Purulia, and the distance from these deposits to Jamshedpur is just 60 kms.
Thus the deposits can be economically exploited for these steel plants. The area of proposed
project lies between Latitudes 22° 58’ 22” N- 22° 59’ 22” & Longitudes 86° 37’ 00” N- 86° 37’
56” & is included in the Toposheet No. 73 J/9.

3. COMMUNICATION

The project area is 65 kms. southeast of Purulia district & Manbazar is the nearest township.
The PWD road between Purulia & Bandwan via Manbazar passes through Khariduara &
Kumari villages. The distances from Manbazar to Khariduara & Kumari are 8.5 kms. and 9.5
kms. respectively. The four big steel plants of Tata, Durgapur, Bokaro and Burnpur are the
close neighbours of Purulia, and the distance from these deposits to Jamshedpur is just 60
kms. Due to this advantage & easy accessibility, the deposits can be economically exploited
for these steel plants. Nearest railway station Purulia of about 60 Km. The site is about 60 km
by road from Purulia Railway Station. Kolkata and Haldia Ports can also be used for

i
Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION
transportation of equipments. The nearest commercial airport is located at Kolkata, about
250 km away from the site.

4. REASON FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

The impact of mine on the environment depends to a large extent on its location with respect
to Human settlements, meteorological conditions, ambient air quality, water bodies,
agricultural and forest land etc. Most of the adverse impacts of mines are amenable to
technological control by providing necessary preventive and control measures and finally
through effective environmental management of the operating mines. Keeping in view the
likely impacts of mines on environment, this Rapid Environment Impact Assessment Report
has been prepared for submission to West Bengal Pollution Control Board for clearance of
the mining area in operation.

5. PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS

The principal features or highlights of the proposed Mining Project at Jhalda is presented
below:

Name of Applicant : M/s Chiranjeelal Mineral Industries,

P.O.-Jhalda, District Purulia, West
Bengal.

Proposed Project Location : Khariduara (J.L. No.176), Kumari (J.L.

No.306) & Boch (J.L. No.177), P.S.-
Manbazar, P.O.- Boro, District Purulia,
West Bengal.

Latitude & Longitude : Between Latitudes 22° 58’ 22” N- 22° 59’ 22”
& Longitudes 86° 37’ 00” N- 86° 37’ 56.

Nearest Township : Manbazar.

Nearest Railhead : Purulia Rly. Station

Nearest Commercial Airport : Kolkata

Granted Land Area : 76 acres.

Mode of Operation : Mining of Dolomite/Fire Clay deposits &

mineral processing.

Minerals to be Mined : Dolomite & Bloating Fire Clay.

Source of Minerals : Mouzas-Khariduara, Kumari & Boch.

ii
Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION
Source of Water : From the Kumari river running E-W, ponds,
bunds, dug wells.

Power Requirement : Received at 11 KV & stepped down to 433 V

at the sub-station situated close to plant site,
rated capacity of the transformer is 315 KVA.

Total Project Cost : 4.50 Lakhs

Post Project Monitoring Cost : Rs. 50,000.00

5.1 MINING LEASEHOLD AREA

The area granted is 76 acres, covering above plots. It is expected (subjected to confirmation
by detailed exploration done, if any, by the Prospecting Branch, Directorate of Mines and
Minerals) that Dolomite deposit perhaps concentrates in the Kumari and Boch Mouzas,
having relevant Plot Nos.1 (P), 1041 and 1042 respectively, covering about 46 acres out of
89.29 acres. Another mineral Bloating Fireclay is available on the N-E Plot of Khariduara
Mouza (Table – 5.1).

Table 5.1: Land Classification

Mouza J.L.No. Plot No. Areas (in Type of Land

acres)
Khariduara 176 1759 & 43.48 Dungri Raiyati,
1805(P) Land (Non- Vested/
agricultural) Raiyati
Kumari 306 1(P) 24.5 ----do---- Raiyati
Boch 177 1041& 1042 21.31 ---do--- Vested
(1041), (1041),
Gora Raiyati
(1042) (1042)
Grand Total 89.29 N.B. Granted Area=
76 acres

5.2 MINERAL PROCESSING

Dolomite is a type of limestone, the carbonate fraction of which is dominated by mineral

Dolomite, Calcium-Magnesium-Carbonate CaMg(CO3)2. The carbonate mineral Dolomite

Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION

occurs in Marbles, Talc Schists & other magnesium-rich metamorphic rocks. It occurs in
hydrothermal veins in cavities in carbonate rocks & less often in various sedimentary rocks as
cement. It is most common as a rock-forming mineral in carbonate rocks. In other
words, limestone containing more than 10% MgCO3 is called Dolomitic. True Dolomites
contain more than 45% MgCO3.
From the gross ROM production of Dolomite/Fire Clay, the waste or gangue materials should
be carefully sorted out & should be stacked separately in OB dump. Clean Dolomite/ Fire
Clay & China Clay of various grades should be stacked for dispatch by loading on to the
trucks. Depending on various consumers’ specifications blending/processing should be done
suitably from the grade-wise stockpile (processed product in the bunkers) before dispatch.
Bloating Fire Clay along with China Clay from Khariduara Mouza to be raised manually, after
removal of OB, & shall be stacked separately & dispatched either directly as per various
consignments or processed through Disintegrators/Levigation channel & then ready for
dispatch to selected consumers like low fusion refractories for bloating properties of Fire
Clay, like M/s Modern Refractories (P) Ltd. Tamna, Purulia & TISCO, Jamshedpur, for their
refractories.

Mining Operations for Dolomite & Fire Clay:

1. The various mining operations associated with the mining of Dolomite are discussed
below:

Drilling – The mining faces are to be prepared first for availability of free faces. The
primary objective of drilling shall be to make faces ready for blasting. In the mine,
generally, jackhammer holes are drilled of sizes 0.8 m to 1.6 m dia. with the help of
air compressor & Holman jackhammers.

Selection of Machineries & Equipments for Mining Operations – The mining

operations will be carried out manually. Considering the scale of operation, it is
proposed to employ Jackhammer drill using Portable Air Compressor.

A list of the mining equipments are tabulated in Table 4.2 – 4.4. Although the dumpers are
not fitted with exhaust conditioners, the air quality is being analyzed to be free from CO
contamination.

iii

Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION

Dolomite formation is banded & massive / compact. However, problems of jamming, if any,
can only be encountered by judicious placement of holes & experience. The spacing &
burden pattern are to be decided only after few rounds of trial blasts. To begin with, spacing
& burden may be considered to be 0.75 m x 0.60 m.

Blasting – Blasting is generally required for hard metamorphosed Dolomite/Marble

deposits. However overburden consisting of Alluvium (Top soil) & Phyllite at some areas
may be excavated by JCB Loaders, whereas hard rocks like Granite, Gneiss & Quartz
overlying Dolomite deposits are required to be blasted. After blasting the removal of the
fragmented rocks & ore body shall be done manually by crow bars & JCB Loaders. Electric
blasting technique shall be used for blasting purpose.

Broad Blasting Parameters: In the mine, the jackhammer holes drilled are loaded with
Nitroglycerine explosives like Special Gelatine (80% strength) with electric detonators.
Generally two cartridges of 140 gms. are used in holes of 0.8 m size & four cartridges of
140 gms are used in holes of 1.6 m size. Such Cartridges are readily available in packed
boxes. Same explosives may be used for blasting the host rocks of Bloating Fire Clay.
Blasting should be done twice a month, preferably at the end of the shift.Generally 20%
excess breakage is obtained; as such secondary blasting is not required.

Consumption of Explosives- Assuming an average yield of 7.8 tonnes per kg. of

explosives, the annual consumption of explosives be about 500kgs.

Magazine- It is recommended to install pre-fabricated approved type Combination

Portable
Magazine, having a maximum storage capacity of 500kgs. of high explosives & 3000 nos.
of ordinary / electric detonators. Such magazines are available in the country & are only
approved by Department of Explosives, Govt. of India. The salient features of such a
Magazine are as follows:

 A Portable Magazine whose capacities vary from 100 kgs. to 500kgs. and outer shell
is 5 mm thick.
 It requires a License from the Chief Controller of Explosives.
 It should be located on the ground about 5 m x 2 m, keeping the following safe
distances

iv
Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION
 • from all buildings, huts, places of worship, office, houses, schools, factories etc.-
95 m.
• from all roads, market etc.- 48 m.
• from O/H High Tension Electric Line- 91 m.

Carrying Box- A set of approved type carrying box consisting of two boxes, one for carry-
ing of 5 kgs. Of explosives & the other for carrying 200 nos. of detonators. One Jeep shall be
procured. The carrying box may be used for transportation of explosives & detonators
whenever necessary.

Excavation, Sizing & Stacking (For A & B mine)- The pattern of drilling & blasting
recommended above shall ensure good fragmentation. The blasted material shall be heaped
near the face. The miners equipped with crowbars will excavate loose boulders safely from
the face. Alternatively, JCB Loaders may be engaged to collect the excavated boulders from
the quarry face & transport at the stack-yard via suitable road & pathway built from face to
stack-yard.
The blasted/excavated materials from the two quarries will be sized down to –100 mm
manually by using hammers. The sized materials shall be stacked separately at surface as
shown in Plate No. 6 & 8. The lead & lift of the miners are reasonable & as per standard
practices. The miners shall be piece-rated workers. The stacks are to be measured weekly,
considering an average OMS of about 0.5/0.6 tonnes. 40 miners shall be employed allowing
for 20% absenteeism.

Transportation of sized Dolomite/Fire Clay- Transportation of sized Dolomite/Fire Clay

from stack yards including loading shall be done by contractor in his trucks. Weighbridge
facility is available at Manbazar & the tonnage actually transported can be ascertained.

Maintenance of Pit road- The pit road should be maintained in good condition in order to
minimize wear & tear of rubber tyres. The surface of the pit road must be smooth, so that
sharp pieces of Dolomite/Waste rock which may cut/damage the tyres badly, should not be
allowed to remain on the pit road. The maintenance of the pit road shall be done manually.

Sizing Plant- The sizing plants should be located near Manbazar where infrastructural
facilities like power is available from the nearby sub-station close to the plant house. A block
flow diagram showing the milling operations presented in Mineral Processing.

v
Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION

Maintenance of Stockpile at Plant- In view considerable distance from the mine site to
plant (10 kms.) & to ensure uninterrupted availability of (-) 100 mm primary sized
Dolomite/Fire Clay feed to the plant, it is recommended that two stockpiles of about one
month’s production (800 tonnes each) shall be maintained near the plants. The contractor’s
trucks shall unload the material at the respective bunkers.

5.2.1 Quantum of development and tonnage and grade of production of Dolomite and
Fire Clay expected pit-wise
st
(A) Dolomite Production planning for 1 5 years of operation

The production planning is 1) Block dimensions are in mts. 2) Tonnage Factor considered for
Dolomite= 2.6t/m³. 3) Overall extraction Factor taken as 0.855, considering Geological Loss
as 10% & Mining Loss as 5%. Refer: Plate No. 6. 4) The Quarry shall be developed up to the
depth of 20 mts. from surface. 5) Saleable Ore is considered as 50% of ROM Ore, eliminating
th
various Gangue materials for first 4 years & 37% of ROM in the 5 year.

st
(B) Fire Clay Production planning for 1 5 years of operation
The production planning is 1) Block dimensions are in mts. 2) Tonnage Factor considered for
Carbonaceous Fire Clay/China Clay= 2.5t/m³. 3) Overall extraction Factor taken as 0.855,
considering Geological Loss as 10% & Mining Loss as 5%. Refer: Plate No. 6 & 6A. 4) The
Quarry shall be developed up to the depth of 15 mts. from surface. 5) Saleable Ore excludes
various Metadolorites and various Gangue materials excavated alongwith, and is considered
th th
as 50% of ROM Ore for first 3 years, at 38% of ROM in the 4 year & at 28% in the 5 year
when Gangue materials are more.
5.2.2 The Plant

The plant is located in a structural steel building with brickwork of dimension about 30 m x 18
m. Two parallel streams of Granulators are located at one end of the building. Each
Granulator has a production capacity of 1 M.T. per hour. Primary sized Dolomite (-100) shall
be fed to the mills manually. The crushed Dolomite particles shall be lifted by Bucket
Elevators to overhead Rotary Screens with 30 mesh apertures. A blower on each circuit shall
operate to create suction adequate to lift the finer particles to the three numbers of overhead
storage tanks on each side, amounting to about 10% of the product. The final product shall
be –25 mesh to =100 mesh size.

vi

Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION

5.2.3 WATER REQUIREMENT

Here the mining operations & mineral processing do not require water. The water
requirement is only for drinking & other domestic purposes (7.0 KLD) and for greenbelt &
water spray in fugitive dust generating area (5.0 KLD) i.e. 12.0 KLD. Dug wells shall be
utilized for drinking water & shall be guarded properly. Other surface water sources include
ponds, bunds & also river Kumari (running E-W direction) from where water can be used for
domestic purposes.

5.2.4 POWER REQUIREMENT

Power is received at 11 KV & stepped down to 433 V at the sub-station situated close
to the building (plant site). The rated capacity of the transformer is 315 KVA.

5.2.5 MANPOWER
For mining operation different skilled and unskilled workers are to be required.

5.2.6 MINE DRAINAGE

5.2.6.1 Likely depth of water table based on observations from nearby wells &
water bodies:

40 mts. from 184 mts. R.L. at the foot of the hill. Workings expected to be 20 mts. above
water table by the year 2027, considering three PMCP developments shall be made.

5.2.6.2 Quantity & quality of water likely to be encountered, the pumping

arrangements & places where the mine water is finally proposed to be
discharged:

There is no problem of surface drainage due to highly undulating nature of highly terrain &
rainwater will quickly gravitate down to adjoining village at the foot of the hill & down to
Kumari river running E-W. Some water is allowed to be accumulated in a Bund to be made in
the hill & area for emergent use during dry season. Excavated voids consequent upon mining
of Dolomite & Fire Clay in each of the 5-year block the pit may be allowed to be filled up with
rainwater as a measure of reclamation

vii
Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION
5.3 EXISTING BASELINE STATUS

5.3.1 Geology

The area Dolomite deposit was first reported by WBMDTC & subsequently prospected by the
Geological Prospecting Branch, Directorate of Mines & Minerals, Govt. of West Bengal during
1985-1987 & it was found that the area was promising to have substantial reserve of good
quality Dolomite, particularly in the areas of Kumari & Boch Mouzas in the M.L.A. The
geology of the study area together with mineral formations at the proposed site of were
derived from the records of the Geological Survey of India.

5.3.2 Soils

Soil samples were collected from three locations within the study area during the month of
March, 2008 representing the summer season. Samples were collected from three depths
below the surface, mixed and homogenized and subjected to analyses. The samples were
analyzed for relevant physico-chemical & bacteriological parameters for establishing the
baseline data.

The physico-chemical characteristics such as texture, pH and nutrient content would assist to
determine the fertility status and afforestation potential of the soil.

5.3.3 Hydrology

Surface water hydrology mainly flow characteristics of the river Kumari, for the past several
years as well as groundwater hydrology were collected from the published records of the
secondary sources.

5.3.4 Meteorology

Meteorological data for such parameters as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind
speed and direction, which directly affect air quality, spanning 1992-1996 were collected from
the nearest Meteorological Department, Purulia, Govt. of India.

An onsite meteorological observatory was set up near the project site (Manbazar II of Purulia
district), which was operated for 3 months during March to May, 2008, representing summer

Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION

viii
scenario to supplement the above data. The parameters monitored on a daily/hourly basis at
this observatory include temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction.

5.3.5 Landuse

Landuse patterns of the study area have been established from topographical sheets.

5.3.6 Water Quality

A total of seven (7) stations, four (4) stations represented by a pond at Khariduara,
Kangsabati reservoir, river Kumari & river Totko for determination of surface water quality and
three (3) stations represented by two dug wells and a bore well for determination of ground
water quality were set up within the study area. As such, station S3 had been located on the
river Kumari. S4 was located on the river Totko.

S1 was on the Kangsabati reservoir and S2 was located on the pond at Khariduara. The
ground water quality stations were located at village Kumari (SS2), Mouza Khariduara (SS1)
and at Bandwan (SS3). Samples were being collected monthly once during the study period
and this report covers data for 3 months from all the stations representing summer scenario,
analyzed for physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters as well as trace inorganics,
heavy metals and toxic constituents. Analyses of water samples were conducted as per
IS:3025, IS:2296 and IS:10500 and Standard Methods for Examination of Water and
Wastewater (APHA, AWWA, WEF).

5.5.7 Air Quality

Ambient air quality monitoring was conducted at four (4) appropriate locations within the
study area. Four stations were located as close as possible to maximum deposition areas of
pollutants from the project determined through a preliminary air quality modelling exercise to
establish the worst case resultant air quality. As such, station A1 was located 0.5 Km north at
Khariduara near project site, A2 at 3 Km South South East at Bharariya, A3 at 2.5 Km North
East at Dolderia and A4 at 3Km North West at Chalka. The monitoring was conducted at a
frequency of twice a week for a 3 month period since March, 2008 to establish the
background data on air quality in accordance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
of CPCB of April, 1999. Twenty-four hour monitoring was conducted at each station using
High Volume Samplers. The parameters monitored include SPM, RPM, SO2, and NOx in
accordance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, coupled with the pollutant

viii
Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION
emissions from individual plants. For sampling and analyses of the above parameters, CPCB
Notification of 11.4.94 was followed.

5.3.8 Terrestrial Ecology

The baseline data on terrestrial ecology, covering both flora and fauna have been derived
from existing literature and research conducted by various organizations, corroborated
through extensive field studies during the summer season. The checklist of flora and fauna
are presented. The rare and endangered floral and faunal species were identified.

5.3.9 Aquatic Ecology

The data on the aquatic life of the river Kumari and Kangsabati reservoir were derived
through collection of samples and their analysis conducted during the summer season, to
enable correlation with the water quality parameters. The samples were analyzed for
densities of phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos and macro invertebrates. Literature and
field survey of aquatic birds and also spawning and breeding habitat of fishes were also
delineated through field surveys.

5.3.10 Demography and Socioeconomics

Relevant data have been compiled from the District Census Software of Purulia District of the
State of West Bengal for 2001 for obtaining the demographic and socioeconomic features in
the study area. The features which were analyzed include population, household, population
density, family size, sex ratio, SC-ST population, literacy rate, work participation rate and its
distribution, work participation rate among females, household industrial scenario etc.

5.3.11 Noise
The ambient noise scenario within the study area was monitored at 10 stations in different
areas within the study area in accordance with the ambient noise standards of the Ministry of
Environment and Forests, Government of India. The monitoring has been conducted through
a twenty-four hour period during the summer season. Day time and Night time Leq values
have been established. Secondary data are collected regarding noise levels during blasting
operations & running of machineries.

iX
Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION
5.4 ESTABLISHING PROJECT DATA

The project data consisting of the general layout and process description of the plant; its
capacity and commissioning schedule; mining & mineral processing flow paths; source,
requirement and characteristics of minerals; storage and transportation details of minerals
and other materials; material handling systems; quantity, nature and disposal of solid wastes;
water requirements; details of liquid wastes and its treatment facilities; sources of air, water
and noise pollution and their remedial measures; etc are established in consultation with
the officials of the Project Authority.

5.5 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The impacts on soils, surface water and ground water regime of the area, which would
primarily result due to dumping & discharge of effluents from machineries, are studied
through the data generated on soil & water characteristics.

The changes in landuse due to setting up of the proposed project and ancillary facilities have
been established from the long term data collected from various sources with particular
emphasis on diversion of productive land and afforestation programme.

The impact on hydrology has been estimated through comparison of the total water available
and the total water to be abstracted.

The impacts on the water quality of the surface water sources like river Kumari, river Totko,
ponds, reservoirs & ground water sources like dug wells and borewell have been studied.
Secondary data has been used to estimate construction stage impact.

The impact on air quality during the mining operations due to fugitive dust, exhaust gases
smoke & blasting fumes has been discussed. The impacts of air pollutants on the health of
workers and that of blasting on the various structures are also discussed. The impacts on the
ambient air quality of the area due to the proposed project which would mainly arise due to
the dust, gases & blasting fumes emitted during mining have been carefully quantified
through mathematical modelling. In the mechanised open-cast mine, mining operations such
as mining excavation, loading and unloading, movement of dumpers on haul roads and also
drilling and blasting are expected to generate airborne fugitive dusts. The futuristic plan
indicates that the lease will not have any stack. Maximum handling of ore and OB/ waste

x
Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION
including HEMM deployment for the entire mine shall take place during 5th year. Prediction of
fugitive dust levels has been carried out (for 24 hr avg.) at this stage with the help of fugitive
dispersion model. Meteorological input parameters generated at site in summer, March-May,
2008 was utilised for fugitive dust level prediction through the model.

The Gaussian Dispersion Model for Fugitive Dust is based on the well known Gaussian
Plume formulation for computing concentrations. The model has been specifically adapted to
incorporate an improved gradient–transfer deposition algorithm. Emissions for each source
are apportioned by the user into series of particle size classes. A gravitation setting velocity
and a deposition velocity are calculated by FDM for each class. This model is designed to
work on hourly meteorological data.

The main equation of the model is:

Q
C (x,y,o) = -------------------------- exp [-1/2 (y/σy)2]
π σy σz U
Where, Q = Quantity of emission (gm/s)
σy σz = Diffusion coefficient in M
U = Average wind speed

The following source/ emission inputs have been considered for air pollution prediction
modeling:
1. Pollution Sources in multiple combinations of active mining areas and haul roads have
been considered.
2. Fugitive dust level at any particular time is, by a large extent, function of the available
active mining area and haul road length under a given set of meteorological conditions.
3. The scenario in 5th year has been considered. During this period maximum ore and
overburden shall be handled.
4. Emissions from stack yard and loading arrangement have been considered.

xi
v

Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION

 Table 5.5.1 Fugitive Dust Contribution at nearby villages

Sl. Location Distance Y Direction from Emission rate

3
No. (m) center of lease (µ
µg / m )

1 Khariduara near project site 500 North 67.4

2 Bharariya 3000 South South East 0.25

3 Dolderia 2500 KM North East 3.93

4 Chalka 3000 North West 0.25

In general minimum impact would be anticipated by air pollution especially fugitive dust in the
nearby villages as shown by prediction result (Table – 5.5.1).

The impacts on terrestrial ecology due to changes in air quality and the impacts on aquatic
ecology of the river, ponds, reservoirs, dug wells, borewell as a result of the changes in water
quality, were arrived at with reference to data on authentic research and literature. The
impacts on terrestrial ecology during construction, mining and blasting operations have been
predicted using secondary data.

The impact on the socio-economic environment due to employment in the mining plant is
analyzed.

The impact on ambient noise within the study area due to generation of loud noise levels
from various sources during blasting operations & running of machineries like compressors,
drills, JCB loaders, dumpers & granulators of the mining plant was predicted. The major noise
sources of the proposed project were used for the simulation. Construction phase impacts
due to noise generating equipments and machineries were estimated based on primary data
generated at similar project sites.

Keeping in view the presence of villages beyond the statutory safety zone adequate
measures shall be followed during blasting. The empirical equations given in this chapter, as
derived from trial blasting in nearby mines, has been used for assessment of peak particle
velocity (ppv) values at nearby locations.

xii
Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION
The derived empirical equation is: V = 942.7 {D/ (Q0.5)}-1.994
Where,
V = Peak Particle Velocity in mm/s
D = Distance between location of blast and gauge point
Q = Quantity of explosive per delay

Considering maximum Q = 20 kg per blasting round anticipated vibration values have been
calculated (Table 5.5.2) at the nearby villages in operation phase, which would be very
minimum for the proposed project.

Table – 5.5.2 Blasting induced vibration calculation in nearby villages

(Within 4 Km)

Sl. Location Distance Values in PPV

No. (in Km)
1 3.0 0.08
Khariduara
2 3.0 0.0021
Bharariya
3 3.0 0.0031
Dolderia
4 3.0 0.0021
Chalka
5 3.0 0.0021
Basantapur
6 3.0 0.0021
Near Jam river
7 4.0 0.0012
Near Kangsabati resorvoir

5.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN

An Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMP) has been prepared which covers sources of
pollution, proposed pollution control system/measures, solid/liquid waste management, green
belt development and afforestation programme, recommendation for additional mitigatory/
remedial and control/safety measures regarding occupational health.

xiii
Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION
5.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

A post study monitoring programme including parameters, locations, frequency of monitoring

and their implementation programme has been recommended. It also includes infrastructural
facilities required for conducting the monitoring programme.

xiv
Prepared by: BHARAT FOUNDATION