OUTER SPACE

If you dug a hole through the earth, you would dig Our galaxy, the Milky Way, We live in a solar system with 8 planets and 1 star.

This space that our entire world floats around in...Its pretty groovy. Lets be honest. Its the setting of all the best sci-fi movies. And its where we live.

100,000,000 ST ARS.

has over

7,918
miles
Thats longer than

500

The universe has up to

Billion
Galaxies!

That means that it every galaxy was the size of a

1.1 MILLION
school buses lined up bumper to bumper!

There would be enough to fill an entire basketball court with cheerios stacked over

Cheeri

1900
That means there are over stars in the universe! Mars

Feet high!

10,000,000,000,000,000,000
The surface of mercury rises to 800 degrees Fahrenheit during the day and drops to -290 degrees Fahrenheit at night.

Mercury

Mars is known as the Red Planet because iron minerals in the Martian soil oxidize, or rust, causing the soil -- and the dusty atmosphere -to look red.

Saturn

Sun

99.8%
of the mass of the entire solar system.

The sun is the center of our solar system and makes up

Earth Venus

Jupiter
If the Earth was the size of a nickel, Jupiter would be about as big as a basketball. Jupiter also has 50 known moons, with an additional 17 moons awaiting confirmation of their discovery -- that is a total of 67 moons!

You are here.

When Galileo Galilei looked at Saturn through a telescope in the 1600s, he noticed strange objects on each side of the planet ... it turned out to be the rings of Saturn.

One day on Venus lasts as long as 243 Earth days (the time it takes for Venus to rotate or spin once). Venus makes a complete orbit around the sun (a year in Venusian time) in 225 Earth days.

Uranus
Unlike any of the other planets, Uranus rotates on its side, which means it spins horizontally.

FACTOID:
Why are there different seasons? Autumn Summer Winter
The Earths orbit is eliptical, or kind of a squished circle. The sun is not directly centered in Earths orbit. When the earth is closer to the sun, it is summer. When Earth is the farthest away from the sun, it is winter. What month do you think it is in the diagram to the left?

Neptune
It takes Neptune 165 Earth years to go around the sun once!

WORD
Cosmology: the study of the universe. Cosmologist: someone who studies the universe.

Spring

Sources: http://www.ck12.org/earth-science/Sun/lesson/Sun/r18/ http://www.ck12.org/earth-science/ http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/index.cfm

EARTH SCIENCE EARTH SCIENCE

Tectonic Plates, Mountains, and Earthquakes
When tectonic plates push against each other, they make mountains. Earthquakes happen on fault lines. Note: This depiction of the plate tectonics is not completely accurate. It is meant to show relationship between plates, mountains, and earthquakes.

This earth that we live on is rad. It is consistently moving, yet it seems constant. Lets talk about volcanoes & mountains: how they are formed, where they are, and how totally awesome they are.

WORD
Fault: Crack in the earths crust where slabs of rock can slip past, move away from, or push against each other.

WORD
Tectonic Plates: the theory that the earths crust is broken up into several large pieces that move around over earths surface.

KEY: Main Mountain Ranges Main Volcano Ranges Underwater Ranges California has lots of earthquakes because of the long fault line going through it. Most Volcano ranges are underwater. Some are so tall they became islands! Here is Mount Everest. Can you find the other six of the Seven Summits? Volcanoes are made when the magma (that moves the plates around) comes up out from beneath the earths crust.

Tectonic Plate Seven Summits

The Top Ten Deadliest Volcano Eruptions

Tambora, Indonesia 92000 Krakatau, Indonesia 36417 Mount Pelee, Martinique 29025 Ruiz, Colombia 25000 Unzen, Japan 14300 Laki, Iceland 9350 Kelut, Indonesia Galunggung, Indonesia Vesuvius, Italy Vesuvius, Italy
5110 4011 3500 3360

FACTOID:
The top reason why people die during a volcanic eruption is not because of the lava. It is usually because of starvation, mudslides, or tsunamis that were caused by the volcano.

20

40 60 Caualties (in thousands)

80

100

The SEVEN SUMMITS: The Tallest Peak on Each Continent

30,000 ft

FACTOID:
The top 30 tallest mountains are all on the continent of Asia.

25,000 ft 20,000 ft 15,000 ft 10,000 ft 5000 ft

Mount Everest 29,029 feet Asia

Aconcagua 22,838 feet Argentina

Mount McKinley Kilimanjaro 20,322 feet 19,341 feet North America Africa

Mount Elbrus Mount Vinson Puncak Jaya Mount Kosciuszko 18,510 feet 16,050 feet 16,024 feet 7,310 feet Europe Antarctica Pacific Islands Australia

Sources: http://www.ck12.org/earth-science/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Summits http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0197833.html

HUMAN BIOLOGY
Youre a human, right? Even if you were a plant, biology is the science of life. So its pretty groovy when all your parts work together to keep you alive.

FACTOID:

When cells get infected, they self-destruct in order to keep you alive. The inability to self-destruct can result in cancer.

WORD
Organ System: A group of similar organs. Each group is in charge of a specific function. For example: the nervous system is all of your nerves.

Nervous System

The Central Nervous System is your brain and spinal cord, a bundle of nerves that runs down your spine. This gives out commands to your body. There are also smaller nerves in the rest of your body that gather information from your senses.

Cardiovascular System

Digestive System

Cardio means heart and vascular means veins. This is the system that pumps blood through your body. Blood carries oxygen and the cells that fight off germs.

The digestive system starts in your mouth. You chew and swallow, then it goes to your stomach, then intestines. This system sorts the nutrients (which are kept inside of you) and the waste (which ends up in the toilet).

Skin

WORD
Homeostasis: The process that your body automatically does to help your insides stay stable and fairly constant.
This is the biggest organ in your body. It protects your insides from the cold and from germs and danger. It is full of nerve endings to feel your environment.

How Cells Work

Nucleus Nucleolus
Gives orders to make proteins Houses your DNA & control center

Mitochondrion
Makes human energy

Nucleus Chloroplast
Makes plant food & makes plant look green Houses plants DNA & control center

Nucleolus
Gives orders to make proteins

Vacuole
Stores water & helps keep structure

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like fluid that all the cells contents are in.

WORD
DNA: The chemical codes that tell your body what to look like.

Cell Membrane
Protects the cell by filtering things that come inside.

Cell Membrane Mitochondrion

Makes plant energy

Cell Wall
Gives structure to the plant

Protects the cell by filtering things that come inside.

FACTOID:
Sources: http://www.ck12.org/life-science/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis http://biology.about.com/od/cellbiology/a/cells-facts.htm

Have you ever wondered why raw vegetables are crunchy and cooked vegetables are not? When you cook vegetables, the vacuole filled with water expands and breaks the cell wall. The cell loses its solid structure and the vegetable becomes squishier.

http://cnx.org/content/m46404/latest/414c_Cardiacmuscle.jpg http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/33/flashcards/2670033/jpg/simple_columnar_epithelium1359474556892.jpg http://sci-toys.com/scitoys/scitoys/biology/onion_skin.jpg http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/images/2010/01/nervecell.jpg