THE

PHILOSOPHY

OF

NATURE.

THE

PHILOSOPHY

OF

NATURE

OR,

THE

INFLUENCE

OF

SCENERY

ON

ariti "eatt Clje ifluffl

-The Haunted
me

sounding

Cataract tall

like and and

passion
the their

; the and

Rock, Wood,
to
me

The.
Their Au

Mountain,
colours

deep
forms,

gloomy
been

have

appetite.
Wordsworth.

Rura

mihi

placeant, riguiqUe
amem

in

vallibus

amnes,

Flumina

sylvasque.
Georg.
ii. 1. 485.

VOL.

II.

N:

PRINTED

FOR

JOHN

MURRAY,

NO.

50,

ALBEMARLE-STREET.

1813,

Lombard-strceti Davison,
T.

Whitefriars,

London.

THE

PHILOSOPHY

OF

NATURE;

OR,

INFLUENCE

OF

SCENERY,

"c.

I.

OF

all the
from

passions, which
none

derive

additional
a

force

scenery,

experiences
that

greater
the of

accession

than

Love,
Plato

noble
"

"

feeling of
interposition
:"
"

heart, which
the

calls
of the

an

gods

in

behalf

young

passion,
"
"

celebrated
thou
says
a

by all, yet
what the

truly felt by

few.

Dost
me

know,
Persian that

nightingale said
"

to

V
art

poet:
be
"

What
of

"

sort

of

man

thou,
would
that
of

canst

ignorant
what
sort

love?"
a man

I
"

rather

enquire,
canst

of lover"

art

thou,

be

capable

of

"

since, though

all the
vol. II.

passions,

it is the
is

most

productive

of

it delight,

is the most of
us

unfrequentof passionsof
day

them

all.
"

How

many

feel the

hatred !
"

and how

revenge,

envy
us are

and

desire,every
elevated
Mahomet
or

but

few

of
or

an capable of feeling

ardent
"

tion, affecThat

conceiving an
love, which

passion!

was

not

felt for Irene,

for
of

Titus

for

Berenice,
is

Horace
weary

Lydia;

"

and

though Anacreon love, the

wound. much
"

never

boasting his
never

gay,

the frantic the

to

Anacreon
were

felt

Indeed,
stranger

Greeks

almost the

as

love, as legitimate
to

barians, bar-

they affected
of

despise.
"

The

passion
ver fe-

Sappho
of

was

nothing but
the

an

ungovernable
she has

desire, though
so

Fragment,
so

left,

has

been

long, so
the
"

often, and

brated, widely celewas

that

world As
a

imagines
poem,
venture

she

the

sence es-

of love!

it has
to

been

unjustly
so

celebrated,(if I
admirable been
as
a a

may
as

differ from
because
;
"

critic far

Longinus)

it has
even,

celebrated

beyond its merits

and

faithful
with hands

picture of desire,it
a

has
"
"

nothing to
The

compare

poem

of

Jayadeva.

palms
as

of her
thus

pale support her aching temples, rising at

on

the crescent,
she

eve."'

Heri,
as

Hen she

IP

"

meditates she

thy name,

if

were

and gratified,

were

dying through thy

ah-

sence.

"

She

rends

her locks
"

"

she pants
"

"

she la*

ments

she inarticulately
moves

trembles
"

she

pines
"

she

from place to place

rises

she closes
"

her
a

eyes

"

she

again
"

she

faints!
the

In

such

fever of love, she if

shouldst thou
be thou
"

may

live, oh!

celestial

sician, phybut be

administer

remedy;

"

unkind, her

malady

mil

desperate."
II. This all the wild what has is drawn picture of irregularity uncontrollable love ?
"

with
the

and with force,

but passionitself;
to

desire mild
and

do

with

the

passion of
which

that the

tion, elegant affecit shews

sinks

deepest, where
as f elicit

itself the least ; that curiosa which and

can

of the

heart,

animate

only
"

the

wise, the elegant,

the

virtuous
more

that

sacred

passion, which

bestows

ture, rapture, than perfumes, than sculpthan landscape, than riches, painting, of poesy, united

than than in
one

honours, and all the charms

generalcombination.

Read of
me,

the

ode

of

Sappho

and

the

Fragment
tell

Jayadeva, my
if you
are

and Lelius,again and again,

so

half those

attracted agreeably the

n

to

their
and

as merits,

to

of

beautiful following
2

faithful indication of virtuous and

"

elevated

ment? attach-

The

which feeling,
must

this felt

morexquisite

ceau

expresses,

be

by

every

woman,

who
of

of love, or to the passion aspires and its character love is prostituted

the

name

libelled.
"

Go, youth belov'd, in distant glades,

New Yet To

friends,
sometimes
think
on

new

hopes,

new

joys
fairer

to

find

deign, 'mid
her, thou

maids,
"

leav'st

behind.
to

Thy love, thy fate, dear

Must
never

youth,
lot
"

share,

be

my

happy

But

thou

mayst grant this

me

humble
not.
"

prayer

"

Forget

not

"

forget me

Yet Too
Heed Nor Yet

should

the
to

thought

of my

distress

painful
not
ever

thy feelings be,

I
now
on

the

wish,
to

express,
me."

deign
l

think

oh

if

grief thy steps attend,

be

If want,
And thou

if sickness

thy lot,

require a soothing friend,

me

Forget

not

"

forget me

not.

"

Mrs.

Opit.

III. in

Love
"

is

composed
an

of all that is delicate of

pleasure :

it is

union

desire, tenderness,
unbounded,
:
"

and and

friendship ; confidence
esteem

the most

the most

animated

and solid

filling

the entire

capacity of

the

soul,it

elevates the character it polishes love in

while by purifying every passion,

the
manners

with

manly
better

softness. is it
to

"

Where
be

like this

far exists, the

joined
or

death, than, by
malice
of of
a

caprice of
fortune, to
"

parents,

the

wayward

drag
is

on

years

anxious

separation*! nobly,

He,
when

who

capable of
no

acting greatly and

of
woman

under

ence influa

animated affection, whom

"

by the applause of
act

he

loves,would
is this the the
of
name

and splendidly
every

sublimely. animal,
himself
he that

And

passion,which
of
"

usurps

man,

flatters well
may

he

is

capable

r feeling

As

imagine himself
of

capable of writing the

of

let HamFarof the

Shakspeare,
or

forming
the

the Hercules

nese,

of

composing
!
"

Redemption

immortal

Handel

IV.

Love
"

has "What

several
is
more

analogieswith
like

natural
says
a

beauties, f German
"

love,"

philosopher, quoted
the when with feeling, which

by
the

Zimmerman,
soul
or

than

spired, is in-

viewing
et

fine country,
honeslissimus distrahi. 1.
"

the

sight

Vbi

idem

maximus

et

amor

est, aliquando
Maximus.

preestat morte

jiaigi, quam

vita

Valerius

Note

of
sun

illumined by valley, magnificent

?"
"

the

setting
which

So

obvious

is the

connection,to

we

have the
at

that it is no alluded, French

unfrequent practice they separate

"

with

when peasant girls,

the close of
you may
a

day,

to

"

say, you
are

good night!

I wish your

dream, that

walkingwith
"

lover in

garden of flowers.
lost
"

"

V.

Have

we

beloved
we

or mistress,

an

fectiona af-

friend ? she he
was

Do

hear

tune, of which
read
our a

enthusiastically fond,
;
are

or

poem

admired passionately
a

not

thoughts
of faculty

swayed by

secret

impulse,as, by
to

the

we association,

recal
of

mind

the many

instances

we

have If
a

received

their affection and

regard?
by what
how life, tion combinawe

"

is awakened melancholypleasure
and

we

hear
more

what is that

we

see

in familiar

much

of faculty exquisite

when, enlarged,
tread the spot
were or

after

long absence,
which
"

behold
our

the scenes, mutual lover

once

the

objectsof

admiration.

If,
of

divided

the by distance,

reveries indulges

felicity among image

with
of

grand

or

beautiful scenery,

the

his mistress

is

associated immediately
with all the

it:

and,
one

at

peace

world,

he

sinks into

of those

silent

which, meditations,

in
the

so

powerful a

manner,

expand
the

the

faculties of
the

and imagination,
"

chasten

of feelings

heart.

VI.
at

Thus

was

it with fancied

Petrarch.
every

"

When

he

was

Valchiusa, he
Laura

tree

skreened

his

beloved
scene

; when

he beheld

any

magnificent

among

the

Pyrenees,his imagination painted

his side ; in the forest of

her

standingby

Ardenne,

he heard
was

her in every

echo, and
the

when the

at

Lyons, he
cause be-

transported at
that
"
"

sightof
washes
"

Rhone,
of

river majestic

the walls I
may

non. Avigmyself places

In woods

fact," said he,

and
rocks
or

hide
no

among
so

and
so

caves

; but

wild, so
me

beautiful
every

but solitary,

love pursues

at

step."

ODE

TO

JULIA.

WRITTEN

AT

PONT-ABERGLASSI.YN.

I've
And Seen

rov'd conn'd many

o'er

many

mountain
from

wide,
side
to

their
a

charms

side

rock

aspiring rise,
skies
;

Astonish'd While
All

to

its native
crags

countless

appear'd below,
or

black

with
as

shade,
I've
"

white
my

with

snow;

These,
Trembled

seen, I

heart, still true,

of you.

for

thought

I've In

listen 'd to where

the
man

torrent's
ne'er the

roar, trod bee

scenes,
as

before

And,

I've

heard

vernal

In sweet Make

delirious
rocks and

ecstasy,
caves,

and

vallies

ring,

.Responsiveto
I've bade To dwell

its

murmuring,
scenes

those

and

sounds
on

adieu,
you.
"

in

pensive thought

As

on

the

ocean's
to

shelvy shore,
its solemn
wonders roar;

I've listen'd Beset While And with

sea

awful

round,
with
a

birds

screamed
from

grating sound,

moon

majestic

cloud,
and

Display'd her front, sublime

"

proud,
how far
more

I've Those

thought
sounds

how would

sweet,

dear,

be,

were

Julia

near.

In secluded

walks, on
and

the banks in the

most

of

in rivers,
savage
litudes, so-

unfrequentedrecesses,
the lover of meditation. the and
"

to delights indulgethe luxury

There

every

scene

serves

to

crease in-

strengthand
dressed
to

delicacyof
in her his

his

passion,
or

all nature,

boldest

most

beautiful

wears attire,

imagination

look

of love ;

While

all the

tumults

of

guiltyworld,
away.

Tost

by

ungenerous

passions,sink

VII.

If the hunter if the

in delight the

the

societyof the
an

hunter;

idle and

derive dissipated
to recalling

when satisfaction, illegitimate mutual recollection

their

the follies of their

to

youth, and
each
same

feel themselves

entitled

the

of friendship
of

other, because
vicious

they have

partaken
how much

the
more

with indulgencies ;

sure pleaber remem-

shall those with

and accomplished minds polite

persons,

who

are

in any

way

connected
to

scenes,
"

which If such

have
are

administered

their

happiness?
regard
must to

their

in associations,

casual

acquaintances,how
cement

strongly

those have !
"

recollections

the

friendships,
by
of

M'hich
esteem

been previously

awakened character
to

mutual

the By elevating decided

tone

thought,
timents sen-

and

by givinga
of

all the finer of this

the

heart, recollections
affections
to

ture na-

confirm have
our

the

of in

those, whom
the
number

we

the

happiness
"

rank
"

of

friends.
cemented with

Friends

not

gained by flattery
tracted con-

and

by slavish compliances,but those, who

are

united

to

us

by by
all

similar
the

habits,opinions,and
mutual

and reflections, benevolences

to

indulgence of

mankind.
Ah ! who the

pleasures

of

frieud

can

tell ?

"

10

Watching
us

our

interests with

solicitude ;

assisting
and

with

promptitudeand diligence us ; advising

with

with

sincerity, tempered
our

delicacy ;

bating com-

with logic, rather prejudices is the lives !

"

than and

with
ment orna-

he rhetoric,
of
our

guide,the partner,
In
our

absence, protecting us

from in
our our

the shafts of others with

presence

prudential zeal,
"

he chides

our

follies and
to
our

condemns serving Pre-

vices by

givingcredit

virtues.

all the in innocent

of discretion, and dignity

ing aboundus

he compliances,

treats
"

with

studious
his

and

: gratifying politeness by dividing

he enjoyments,

introduces
our

us

to

new

pleasures ;
tions consolaa tuary sanc-

in and, participating
are

his afflictions,
his bosom is

medicines, and

*.

VIII.

If

landscapegiveadditional
the that decided

force is

to
no

the less

affections of the lover and

it friend,

productiveof givessuch
soul
:
"

which of liberty, high spirit

to impulse and dignity

the

for
more

and impressive

sublime

scenes,

ing check-

the

violent
of
our

subdue passions, and

the natural
man

arrogance

nature,

place

and

See

Note

'2.

11

man

"upon a vanityof
that

level with

each and

other,by subduing
the hopes exalting

the

the

proud,
Of this
and

of the humble.

opinionwas
admirable

Sir William
man,

Jones,
"

great
of

bred

in his

the love

school

Greece, and

with imbibing, elevated

of ancient

those literature,
even

ideas of
a

which, liberty,
he is
never

when

favoured
or

by
"

court,

permitted to
those

wither

decay !
for

Hence
a

it,that

remarkable countries,

bination com-

of scenerial contrasts, made the greater advance

and

have, at all times,

the cultivation

towards

of science rendered of

the arts ; or, in their

for conspicuous
a

absence,have
a

themselves
for

detestation

despotism ;

strong and
in
"

ardent

desire of

their liberties, when retaining

of
to

and possession, I need

not

them, recovering
your

when

lost.

call

recollection, among
Rome and unfortunate

other
or

examples,
of that

those

of

early Greece,
country,
and
once

and lovely
once

known, and
"

loved, honoured
"

admired,
seat

dear

to

all
"

lovers of the abode

landscape, the
of peace and
was

of every

virtue,
where
to

content, and
never seen

the

honest
"

face of poverty
"

blush*.
"

Switzerland!

Thy

memory

is immortal!

Note

3.

12

IX.

As

you

are

friend

to

social order

and

of uniformity
you of may
start
"

government,
at

my

Lelius, perhaps
name

the

now

unfashionable in
a

liberty. The

revolution
a

neighbouring
symphony
to
a

state, which
wretched

resembles
and

beautiful
the
waters
ever

concerto,

crimes, perpetrated
of the

duringwhich, not
Seine, or
page,
to

all the
can

Loire,the
toric the hisment attach"

the Rhone has

wash

from

weakened

your

national

those greatest of all heaven's

of

benefits,
"

freedom resemble

action

and

of speech. liberty

You

the

ists, herb, called, by the ancient natural-

Zaclon, which wine,

turned

being bruised
wine
to

and

cast

into

the

water,

preservingthe
virtue of wine. of which
cessarily ne-

and the strength colour,but losing

"

But,

my

(the loss Lelius,liberty,

involves
not

the ruin of the human

mind,)is

to

be

because despised
any be

few, in these degenerate

days, have
her character in all the
many
to

fixed

regard for

her ;
"

nor

is

because libelled, of

vicious men, formed

so

wantonness

licence,have
so

schemes,
the
"

and

committed
of privilege
an

many

crimes,

under
name.

assumed many

her

honourable
been

How

act

of of

has treachery

under perpetrated
many
a

the

name

! friendship
"

How fallen

beautiful and

virtuous

woman

has

14

a putable

titleto this inheritance, the as

ever

proudest
of
cestry. an-

that Aristocrat,
"

the disgraced

honours desire
"
"

Nature
us

implanted the
command
any

Nature
may

prompts

to

the

exercise, and
the !
"

he, who
this world

seeks, by

to deprive indirection, us
scorn

of this invaluable and

an

be inheritance,
outcast

of

in the next

XI.
the

from If,
of
man

the

of nations, we liberty
may

recur

to

freedom that

we individuals,

safely nounce proquently conse-

to

be the most who

free,and
is the
most

the most
of
"

happy,

pendent inde-

common

customs, and
resources

of

common

society: whose
whose

centre

in

himself;
"

mind

contains

the

riches of exalted

cepts, pre-

and whose

soul is superior to his fortune." of his

own

Master,
of the

as

it were,

he destiny, the
of

spises de-

the hand

of the

oppressor,

contumely
"

proud,and

the malevolence
as a

ignorance.
his fixing

His mind habitation

is to him
at

kingdom ;
of
a

and

the foot

rounded high mountain, sur-

that is graceful in or by all, magnificent

nature, he
a

the sublimity of enjoys neither exalt

or

the

scene
nor

with the

which tranquillity, of fortune

can

the smiles

frowns

depress.
is his!
"

Creation's

heir

'

the

world, the world

15

XII.

While
and

love of
the

magnificent scenery
calls forth many and adds
us

genders en-

fosters

highest regard for public

of

and latent

it liberty, private
resources

the

of its

the
"

mind,

proporin the mate intia

to tionably

strength. It
"

confirms desire
a

habits

of virtue ;

leads
of

us

to

more

knowledge
decided
an

and ourselves,

produces

contempt
"

for the unlawful

of pleasures it
cites, ex-

idle world.

By virtue

of association

too, that ardent and

love of greatness in action characterises

a

which sentiment,

liberal and admirable

heroic

spirit.
"

"

That

man,"

says

an

" Moralist,

is littleto be

whose envied, upon

patriotism
rathon, Ma-

would

not
or

gain ground
whose

the
not

plainsof
grow

pietywould
Iona*." the
"

warmer

among the

the

ruins of

Innumerable

are

in which instances, have evinced deeds

:

Highlandersof
of scenery
to

land Scotexcite the

the power and who

to

noble

will doubt, that in the

in landscapes of
a

the

Peloponnesusand
and those
been

bourhood neigh-

Athens, Rome,

Florence, had
"

decided
a

effect upon
man,

illustrious cities?
censured ness for idlethe dull

Many
or

who

has

cashiered

for inattention among

Note

5.

16

swamps

of

Holland

and the

Flanders, would
command in Greece.
"

have

felt himself

equal to

of
""

armies

in

in Switzerland,or Italy,

XIII.

The the

bold
monks

character
of

of

the

scenery,
are
rounded, sur-

by

which

St.

Bernard stimulus
"

gives an

important

to

their

and benevolence, activity,

men,
at

fortitude.

These

holy
counter en-

the risk of their the

will personalsafety,
of

greatest vicissitudes
to

toil and

ger, dan-

in order who sink

assist those

unfortunate ice and

of

travellers,
which
so

into the

gulphs of
of

snow,

render

the passes
so

the

Alps
"

St. Bernard

difficult and

dangerous.
those

Animated characters

volence, by beneof limity, sub-

kept alive by which,

the actual in the

declare strongest language,

of
a

presence

Deity,

in the

dead
panied accom-

of

night they
they will
of
from

will

quit their
and

convent,

and,

by dogs
grope
rescue

lightedonly by lanthorns,
over

their way
a

immense human

masses

ice,
the
more

to

miserable

creature

danger
dreadful

of

with cold, or perishing

from

the

fate of which it

sinkinginto
were

the

est deep-

gulphs, from
to
rescue

impossible ever

them

!
"

17

XIV.

Those of

beautiful
and

and

injured queens,
of
were

Matilda
the

Denmark,

Sophia,wife
of

George
both and

while First,

elector
a

Hanover,
for the

distinguished by
graces of nature.
"

regard

charms

Matilda,

accused
to

of crimes

her

soul
of

detested,was
"

banished

the

ate elector-

Hanover.
true

Looking back,

with

lity tranquilsures, pleagretting re-

and

of soul, upon dignity

never

those

she
not

had the

and perfectly enjoyed,

and magnificence, she splendour

had

lost,her principal resources,

were children,

in the absence and her shrubbery.

of her
"

her

garden
was an

Thus

occupied,she
and

of love, object
"

admiration

pity to
a

all the

electorate.
as

phia, Sothose

charged with
of the virtuous

crime,as

ill-founded
same

Matilda, derived the

tion consola"

in the culture of her

flower-garden. Her
been

band, hus-

by

whom

she had

fered accused, ofunjustly

"

to be
"

reconciled of

to

her

but

she would

not.

In the page

a reply more history,

admirable,
"
"

than

hers,is no
is

where

to

be

found
"

If the

cusation ac-

said she, just,"

am

unworthy

of

his bed
"

"

if it is

he false,

is

unworthy

of mine."
were

Animated doubt
VOL.

by virtuous

which impulses, the innocence

c

no

strengthenedby
II.

of

her

18

amusements,
crown

she refused

the

splendourof

royal,

!
"

XV.
as

If

scenes,

so

common

and
have

simple,
to

shrubberies

and

gardens,
and
to
secure

power

strengthenthe mind,
turbulent tumults

it

the against

emotions, caused
of
us

by

the

and intrigues

the from
be

world,

much

in greater effect, its

weaning
nobler
na,

its follies and

vices,may
"

scenes

supposed

to

produce.
one

Colonthe

accompanied by Blanche,
of ascended April,
of
a

eveningin

month

high mountain,
"

in the ing shoot-

neighbourhood

Langollen along
"

The

sun

was

its evening rays

every

the It

vale,embellishing

thing they morning,

clad
every

touched.

having
which

rained

all

the had
to
scene

the

freshness
gave

with

spring impulse
the peared apsom bo-

object
"

additional
at

all their

-Arrived feelings.

the

summit,
nature

became
to

truly* captivating ; for

have
drawn

the her

veil from
"

her

and of

to

glory in
their
"

charms.

The

season

which, earlyspring,
to

in other

countries, serves

only
mantle

exhibit
in of

poverty,
had

displayed new
thrown
to

beauties

this.

Nature and

off her be-

snow,

appeared

invite the

19

holder she

to

take

last look

of her

beauties, ere
or

shaded with

the

cottage with
the

wood-bine,
arms over

screened
oak.
"

leaves
soon

fantastic
to

of

the their their

of

The

clouds
a

began

form

heads,and
hats.
"

waving column
"

touched lightly

Around

was

one

continued

range

above mountains,with Dinas, rising

"

the river.

fied diversiImmediatelybelow, lay a beautifully with the Dee, a river, vale, combining all
of the Arno and

the charms

the
on

Loire,winding
side
rest

throughthe
the calm

middle

of

it;
"

the east

of in

mountain,several villages appeared to

repose.
"

XVI. into
more a

This

beautiful
one,
"

scene

was

soon

converted

sublime

for the

clouds, assuming a

the tops of all the mountains gloomy character, became around enveloped,and the totally of Colonna
and

heads
and

his
a

companion

were

now

then encircled with

of

heavy vapour.
No

"

more

union perfect

the beautiful and

"

it magnificent discern"

is difficult to conceive.

objectwas
their

able above, but

feet
were,
were

below, how by
clouds !
"

! Their captivating

illumined

the sun,

heads,

as

it
a

touchingthe
has

How

when often,
upon
a

Boy,

Colonna

reposedhimself
c;

bank,

20

or

under

the shade

of

thicket, and, watchingthe

some

course

of the
of

like has wished,that, clouds,

he antiquity, and

demigod
Now

could upon

sit upon the

scene

their below
"

columns, gilded
"

gaze in
a

the wish was,

measure,

gratified.

Ingrediturque solo;et caput

inter nubila

condit.

Above,
sun,

"

all

was

gloomy

and

dark; below
the

"

the

from

the west,

still illumined

villages

and and

the cottages and woods, the pastures spires, which lay scattered in every direction ; fields,
the

while

Dee,

at

intervals, swept, in
bottom

many
"

graceful curve, along the

of the vale !

XVII.
so

These

blended so variously objects,

contrasted with
a

and
scene

admirably

the

sombre

above

such them, inspired

combination
absorbed

ings, of feelin silent

; the

that,for
meditation
future and
one :
"

time,they were
was

the past

lost to the memory

to

presentedno
such
a

cares

their

apprehension ;
have wasted

if,in

scene,

they could
themselves in indulging

thought upon
have

the

concerns

of this little world,

they would
ever.
"

fancied

for disgraced
this

While

theywere
*

halcyon*

Note

6.

22

the

and palace,

the cottage ;

churches mills,

and
tles cas-

and temples pillars forges ; bridges, ; towers, and

more

abbeys. But
"

even

those

become objects
nature
ing cover-

endeared
a

to

the eye made

of taste, when her

own,

has,in
Thus other.

measure,

them

by
with

them

with

moss,

with

lychensand

ivy.
"

art and

nature

impartmutual

graces

to

each

XIX.
to

The the

of architecture, most species

tifying gra-

lover

of

the
; and

are picturesque,
no

the

Roman

and

the

Gothic

one,

with gifted

and imagination and

or

genius,would
of

prefer the light

a

erections elegant
on rising
a

Greece, seated in
those Roman embattled

vale,
noble

knoll,to
and

proud

and

specimensof
upon
as

Gothic

ing frowngrandeur,
among

mountains, or
exhibited

woods,

they are

in the awful ruins of towers

and

and and

monasteries, abbeys

castles.

"

The

grace

majestyof
the the

the

of Ionic, the simplicity

the

Tuscan,

of magnificence

the the

the Corinthian,

of solemnity the

Doric,

and

profusenessof
to

as they are, Composite,well suited,

ings build-

in

in parks,and shrubberies,

to

tions publicerec-

in the the most

neighbourhoodof largecities, are,

of

for ob-

out part, entirely

when character,

23

served amid of nature."

the wild and

more

untameable
of

scenes

There, the rudeness

the

British,

the greatness of the

of the

Roman,

the

circular tower
of

Saxon,

and

the

arch pointed
a

the

Anglodegree,
rounding sur-

Norman

in assimilate, styles, and

"

far greater

with the bold

romantic
and

features of
us

the
to

scenery;

carry

back
tower

those the

tumultuous

times, in
passage

which
were

the

and

long winding
securities forest castle.
"

equallyuseful,as
banditti of
a

against the
the

humble

the

and

titled ruffian of

neighbouring

XX.

But
most

of

all the

degreesof

modern
more

tecture, archi-

to grateful

the lover of the

to
a

cid pla-

of landscape,and style

and philosophic
most

mind, the elegant

claim.
"

cottage

has the

attractive

With

one

of those

littlemandelightful sions,
of
a

situated
the
sea

on

the borders

lake,or
rear

near

shore, over
into
a

which natural

mountains

selves them-

vast

whose amphitheatre, and

rocks
;
"

sides

are

embrowned
a

with woods
clear stream, is useful

small it;
"

with garden,
a

windingthrough
in
art

of all, that library

or

and

ence, sci-

elegant and just in poetry

whom friend,
we

and
a

phy philosowoman,

"

esteem,

and

24

whom

we

love, who
or

would
the

exchange
the

for

the

Escurial

St.
even

Cloud,

palace of

Grand
"

or Seigneur,

the castle of Windsor

itself?

Oh The

! knew

he

but

his !
"

happiness, of
far from

men

happiest he
in the
the

who,
a

public rage,
few

Deep
Drinks
Sure To

vale, with
pure

choice
of the

retir'd,
life.
"

pleasures
a

rural

peace

is his ;

solid

life, estrang'd hope

:

disappointment, and

fallacious

Rich
Here

in content, in nature's
too

bounty rich.
;

"

dwells

simple
; sound

truth

plain innocence
youth,

Unsullied Patient Health Calm

of
ever

beauty
labour,

unbroken
a

with

little

pleas'd ;
toil ;
"

blooming

; unambitious

contemplation, and

poeticease.

Thomson.

"

Autumn.

XXI.

When
"

we

enter

into

magnificent laces," panever

says

Tully,

whose

oratory

relapsed
Tacitus
struck first,

into

and sanguinary as thrifty eloquence,

strongly expresses
with the

it*,
"

"

we

are,

at

gilded roofs, the

and
we

marble other

columns,

the

costlypavements
of
are

all the have

decorations

art ;
no

but

when

beheld

them and

often,we

longercharmed
Lucrosae

with

them,

they make

hujus

et

sanguinantis eloquentias.
Tacitus de Oratore.

25

no

of pleasure on impression

the mind
never

whereas
;

the

prospect of the country

it "were, ever fresh form that
takes
to

satiates us

it
on

is, as
some

new,

and

every

day puts
cultivation
not
an

entertain and
the

us." delight

"

Who,
his

pleasurein
his and

of

garden
has

and

shrubberies,has

nate in-

love of
never

order

harmony, though opportunity

"

allowed their cultivation ?

for

Who,

that will stand drink nature,

hours the

upon

and precipice,
scenes

in rapture from has

not

untouched
poesy

of his

the seeds of that

.

in planted
secret

mind ?
"

Who,

treads, with
the wise and

tion, satisfac-

the spots, which

the

good

have

sanctified
to

by

their

and who, preference, the battles of not,

were

that delights ages

to

stand,where

former

have

been

fought, would
their

fortune

be the admiration present the opportunity,

of the
stancy con-

world

for ?
"

and patriotism

inflexible

XXII.
may

As
be

all,that
reduced
to

is

in captivating
orders

nery, sce-

the three
the

of the
so

the picturesque, and beautiful,

may

sublime;
be

the

beauty

of

form

and

countenance

vided di-

into the three

orders

of the
"

the graceful,

harmonic,

and

the

The magnificent.

magnifi-

26

cent

to applies
:
"

the indication of mind

and

manner

in

man

the

and gracefulto softness, delicacy, in

woman :
"

benevolence in that union in

more

the harmonic the

consists

of the
as

and graceful it is the

most

magnificent
is of
nery, sce-

both,which,

uncommon,

than captivating in

either.
"

Admiration
in

beauty,whether
may
as

bodies,in morals, or
instinctive.
"

be

denominated has

Beauty,

Xenophon
nature

observed, is

quality, upon
of
"

which
and
every

has affixed the stamp it has

been
our so

royalty;"
in from

the reason, age,

much
are

admired
essences

because is,
of

souls

the very
"

source

beauty, harmony,

and

tion. perfectained, main-

One

of description

theorists have

that
no more

beauty is nothing but illusion, having

than colours.
"

existence positive
we

As

well may
as

doubt

the

of reality
"

virtue and
bear

vice,
ness witof
count; ac-

of

beauty and deformity. Beauty, "

earth and heaven
not

!"

by being the result

on positive

is association,

the

less

that

for every

which object,

awakens

pleasure
some

in the

mind,
or

is

since beautiful,

it possesses

internal sensation

external
of

which quality,
"

produces the
intrinsic

cites expleasure. Whatever, therefore,

emotion, possesses agreeable

of beauty. quality
"

some

Hence

arises the connection

27

between
so

beauty and virtue

many

; and

as

nothing produces
the

emotions, as agreeable
a

practice
is

of

virtue,(for virtue is

medal,

whose

reverse

whatever happiness,)

is

virtuous,or

conducive

is really and essentially beautiful. thereto,

XXIII.

In the

the

true

of spirit

this

doctrine,

Wieland,
an

celebrated

German

ten poet, has writin the

and
to
ner, man-

elegantdialogue,conceived
executed Plato.
"

and

with He
a

all the

sweetness

licacy deprise sur-

of

imagines Socrates
for

Timoclea,
her

Athenian captivating
a

at virgin,

toilet;
"

dressed

solemn all the

festival in honour

of and

Diana; attired in
luxuriance
manner,

beauty of
"

nature

all the

of

art.

His
a

surprising
dialogue,in
beauty is
are

her, in this
which
the

gave

rise

to

subjectof

real and
"

apparent

discussed. philosophically summed up,

The
at

arguments
end
a

by Timoclea,

the

course, of the disconvert to

thing no-

in which that fine moral is

she declares which doctrine, is not

same

herself

teaches,that good, and

which beautiful, what

"

nothing

good

but

is, at the
union
of

time, intrinsicall

beautiful.

This

and virtue, happiness,

to

beauty,

is in strict

conformity

the

doctrines

28

of the ancient

Platonists and

the evidence

of all

experience*.
is derived
way
or

XXIV.
scenery,
we

The
may

which pleasure, trace, in

has
an some

from
to

other,

something,which
reference
to

immediate The

or

collateral
of Mr.

humanity.
"

conclusions
on

Alison,in
and

his

Essay Philosophical
are,

the Nature

of Taste, Principles he

therefore, perfectly
the

just; for, as
be
are

observes, unless
emotions
of

imagination
or

excited,the
unfelt ;

beauty
increases

sublimity
the powers in like

hence, whatever

of that

increases faculty, and

no

those

emotions

proportion ;

in objects or qualities objects beautiful

some or

either being felt,

as
are

as

sublime, but such

no

productiveof
taste, in which the
same

simple emotion,
unity is

tions or produces emocompositionof objects qualities

of

that

not

ed preserv-

f.

"

Hence

writer elegant
"

deduces That

the each

following important conclusions

*

"

Maximus

Tyrius
Lib.
in.

ix.

101.

Seneca
de Off.

de Beneficiis. Lib.
m.
c.

v.

1. 2.

Lucretius.
calls

Cicero, noble

3.
"

"

tius LucreDe Nat.

virtue,
iv.
"

directed. enthusiasm, justly

Rerum.

Lib.
I.

f Ch.

Sect. 2. 3.

Ch.

ii.

Sect. 2. 3.

30

one

feels how

much

even

the most

magnificent

view

if a shepherd is seen, tending his acquires, if a hunter, the precipices, or flocks, among weary the crags, of bounding among

"

Throws
loose

him

on

the
to

ridgy steep
"

Of

some

hanging

rock

sleep.

Hence

it

that arises, from

as

every

should landscape
every sound

be observed
must

its proper

so point,

be

heard

in its proper the horn

place.
"

Who

is not

with displeased sounded in

a

of

the
can

huntsman, if
listen
or

garden?

and who in
a

to

the the

confined of sheep, bleating

house,
of
a

to

lowingof
room

cattle

near

the windows

drawingtions, sensa-

?
"

and

yet, how
lambs

are agreeable

our

when
cows

bleat upon
the

the and !
"

mountains,
the huntsman's

low

among

meadows,

bugleecho throughthe
XXVI.
the art of

woods

All

our

more

celebrated fail to

masters, in
their

never painting,

animate

in with living objects, pictures exhibit. scenes, theyrespectively

"

unison with the

How
of

tively comparaSalvator

unmoving
Rosa without far less

were

the creations
of

his groupes

Banditti ! and how

were interesting

the rocks, valleys, and

31

woods

of the his

romantic

Claude, were

we

to

punge ex-

his flocks, and shepherds,

not neglect
manner.
"

his ruins !
"

The

poets
same

to

embellish their

subjects

in the

Full of those allusions and of

associations is the poem

Grongar Hill."

XXVII.

Grongar!
"

My

immediately imagination
"

transports

me

thither!

This

celebrated
most

eminence,

my

Lelius, is
of the

situated vale
of

in the

picturesque part
place do
of

Towy.

"

No

remember, in which wood,

the combinations
and

water,

mountain,
"

ruin, assume
have
been

such

variety: exquisite
I have

sacred

the

moments, spot !
"

passed, on

that

enchanting

Grongar ! in

whose

mossy

cells,
:

Sweetly musing Grongar !

For the

quiet dwells
silent

in whose
muses

shade,

modest
at

made,

So
At

oft I have the fountain

a

evening still,
of
a

rill,

Sate With While

upon my

flowery bed,
beneath my
over

hand

my o'er
;

head;

strayed
hill and house
to

eyes wood

Towy's flood,

Over From Till

house,

from her

Kill to
fill.
"

hill,

contemplation had

32

always induce Scenes, like these,

;

desire of solitude
a

beloved
"

by

the
a

good
love

and of

sought as

refuge
am

by the great. By
from
to alluding

far solitude,

I
ciety, so-

that

dislike misanthropic
to

of

which
order to A

impelsman

forsake

his

in fellow,
"

a indulge

selfish and

passion. indignant
is seldom
scenery,
gendered en-

desire of solitude of that nature

by

of contemplation

which

impelsonly to
charms
an

that
we

the of retirement, description

may

of which

whisper to
a

friend :*"

realized in idea,exquisitely

fine

entitled picture,

Solitude,
and
now

painted by Gaspar Poussin,

in the collection of his

Majesty.
solitude :"
"

"

Nature,"
many
to
an

says

Cicero,

"

abhors

and

ingenious argument
that
a

has

been

duced ad-

prove,

lover of absolute solitude the

my
common

is

divested of beingtotally of humanity. Among

"

thies sympa-

papers,
a

however,

I find

remarkable

account

of

that solitaire,
"

goes far towards verbal

this opinion. invalidating

a

It is a
a

of abridgement work
about

paper,

in published
"

riodical peof

the year

1781.

The

name

this

was solitary a

who Angus Roy Fletcher,

at
*

lived

all his lifein

farm

Glenorchay.
"

He

obtained

Note

8.

33

his livelihood
"

and hunting. principally by fishing

His

dog
social

was

his gun his sole attendant,

and

his dirk his constant

from

companions. At
"

distance

his residence life,

was

in the wildest
tains, mounlofty

and

most

inaccessible parts of the

which from that of

separate the country of

Rannoch.
"

Glenorchay
of these

In

the

midst

wilds he built his hut and

summer,

the passed the spring, the

the
"

autumn, He

and

principal part
few

of

the winter. browsed

possessed a
"

goats, which
were

among

the cliffs. These he desired the

no

his sole While his

property, and

more.

"

goats grazed among

rocks

and

heaths, he
game.
"

ranged the
the
to

hills in quest of fish and returned

"

In

eveninghe
hands
or

to

his goats, and he milked

led them
them

his
own

hut. solitary

There after

with
of the

his
game

; and

takinghis
he

supper

fish he
own

had

caught,and
and

which

he dress^
down

ed after his in the midst

to

manner,

laid himself his goats.

men nor
"

of

his

dog

He
women

sired de;

associate with
a

neither

but
was

if

casual

stranger approached his hut, he

and open,

generous
even

and hospitable !
"

ble, charitahe sessed pos-

to

his last morsel

Whatever
upon

he
a

bestowed cheerfully when he knew

n

his guest; at
to

time,too,
vol..
II.

not

where

procure

34

the next

meal

for himself.
to

"

When descend

the
to

of severity

the winter he entered

no

obligedhim
with
one

the

village,
society,
no

evident
as

reluctance he

into

where
one

thought
acted

did,and
"

where To

lived

or

after his

manner.

relieve

himself much the

as

from

all intercourse with

went

his

as species,

he possible, of

every

morning
and bed

before
never

dawn

day

in search

of game,
to

returned

tillnight, when
one.
"

he crept all

without
after
"

seeingany
the
manner

With

he this,

dressed

of the most

finished coxcomb!
a

His

fitted him with belt, bonnet, and dirk, affected

wild and

elegance ;
tied with
was

his
a

which hair,

was

naturally
:

thick, was
his look

silken and

his lofty,

cord variegated to gaitstately ; his spirit

"

degree haughty and

for starving for the

: high-minded

and, were
asked He he
was no

he
one

want,

he

would

have !
"

morsel slightest
:
"

of food

truly

the

man solitary

and !
"

yet

was

hospitable,

and charitable,

humane

XXVIII.

But

man,

animated
can

by
lean

the

mon com-

impulsesof
to

his nature, Some

one

enjoy nothing
upon

effect alone.

"

must

his

arm,

listen

to

his

observations, point out

as

secret

and become, beauties,

it were,

partner in his

35

his impressions are or comparatively feelings, it to shower Were down dull and spiritless. welcome the gift, had gold,we should scarcely
"

we

no

friend
"

to

us congratulate

on

our

good
and

tune. for-

All would

the colours fade

and

forms

of the natural every tifully beau-

world

before
our

the

sight ;
"

pallupon gratification
is this in that where
of the

senses.

How

triumph of
Adam

social
of the in

feeling depicted
Paradise

exquisite passage
Eve addresses !
"

Lost,

worthy language,

goldenage
thee
seasons

With All

conversing
and their

forget all time,

all her
;

change;

please alike.

"

Sweet
With When His

is the charm first

on

breath

of morn, birds

risingsweet
sun,

of earliest this

pleasant the
he

delightfulland
on

spreads flower,

orient beams,

herb, tree,
;

fruit and

Glistering with
After Of soft

dew

fragrant
sweet ; then

the the

fertile earth

showers

; and

coming

on

grateful evening mild

this her these neither charm this the solemn gems of

silent

night,

Writh
\nd

bird, and
heaven,

this fair moon, her

starry train
she ascends

But With
On

breath

of morn,

when

of earliest

birds,nof
;
nor nor

rising sun

delightfulland
dew
;

flower, herb, fruit,

after showers
;

Glistering with
Nor
With Nor

fragrance
;
nor

gratefulevening
this her solemn

mild

silent walk thee

night,
noon,
"

bird, nor

by

without glisteringstar-light

is sweet.
iv.

Paradise Lost, Book

/. 639.

36

XXIX.
derive
as

Retirement, my
from shining

enables Lelius, the

same

us

to

in from ourselves, happiness the sun,

to
no

ner, man-

its own

debted centre, is inits

other

globefor
of his
a

its splendour or his

own

heat.
and

"

to Tracing all happiness

a

fountain,

in living

world

recluse, (towhom
is
a

tered the letcreating, well-furnished library

own

dukedom

the report of minds!"

as
a

to largeenough,) indifferent even of noble fame, that last infirmity

"

becomes

almost

for invincible;

the

world,

celebrated French is
a

writer
solitude
to

him

and prison,

to observes, justly a paradise. But

"

solitude is

only beneficial
of
as

the

wise
be

and there
"

the
gendered, en-

good ;
Numa

since schemes
as

rapinemay

well
one

plans of
of the

beneficence.

If
of

retired to
order

deepest recesses

in Etruria,

criminal
and

his code digest Mahomet, jurisprudence,

to

of civil and in the silence

solitude of Mount
with men,

all intercourse Hara*, shunning the

of conception

first formed

the bodies, enslaving deludingthe imaginations,

and

the corrupting
"

manners

and

morals

of

kind. man-

XXX.

To

men

of weak

and

unenlightened
p. 15.

Vid.

Abulfeda.

vit. Moham.

33

as

he crept into

he existence,

is

on forgotten

the

morrow

J
"

XXXI.
my scenes,
more

How

many

Creatures of this

tion, descrip-

Lelius,are

observed, residing among

the than imagination,

to captivating

all the creations

of

Titian,Salvator
and which

Rosa, or

of

Claude !
"

Scenes,so fortunately neglected by

disrobe every
and vanity, of all its natural

the

hand

of ornament, mind

nuous ingewhich,

in

if we

remember

the fanciful distinctions of

arrogance

mics, pole-

and the obtuse

we

of verbal

theology,

of impatience and disgust. feelings And in such scenes as yet, though residing well might we as these, attempt to reconcile the

do

so

with

"

of writings

Aristotle the

with

the of

doctrines

of

the
as

after Scriptures,

example
to

Trapaezund ;
with

well lius

might we
of the

endeavour

prove,

Marcitery mysbe

Ficinus,that Plato acknowledged the

futile would and equally Trinity,
to

our

attempts
and
to

unite the

geological systems
and
of such

of Le

Whiston

Burnet, Buffon, Kircher

Luc,
as

as

infuse into the minds

recluses
are

around these,that the landscapes,

of
to administering
"

them,

capable

their

or pleasures

tlieirvirtues*!-

Note

9.

XXXII.

In

retirement, however,

the

man

of
ment orna-

learningor
;

genius,stripshimself thoughts become

"

of

all

his

concentrated

and
to

his

desires moderated.
to

To

those, devoted

worldly or
temperate
the weary
to

scientific
is

it gives that pursuits,

so

rest, which
organs of the
of

necessary
"

to

recruit the sure leiture ma-

activity. It
materials of
art, and
to

affords

arrange

thought,to polishthe

the labours of

works

genius.
"

"

To

life of solitude has been

of

objected a
if the
:
"

tution desti-

employment;
censure

"

and

accusation

were

just,the

were

severe

For,

out with-

occupation,the
preys
even

mind
we

becomes become In

it listless;

upon
to

and itself,

melancholy
he
we

weariness
err

of life.
"

therefore, nothing,
when which
says,

does

Pliny
are

more,

than

that
to

there
be

only two
"
"

things, by
let

ought
or

actuated

love of immortal
"

fame
be

tinual con-

But inactivity."

no

one

actuated

by the opinion of Pliny in

"

this

cular. importantpartiis destructive

to

To
to

live without

labour

to

the both
causes

body ;
are

be indolent is fatal
to

the mind
the

; and

destined, by nature,
of

be

operative
by Seneca,

each

other's
are

misery'.
"

The

listless torments

of indolence

well described

40

in his fine Treatise

on

the

of Tranquillity another

the

Mind;

and

even

Pliny himself,in enlargedby

old the

part

of his works,
are

that observing

the mental

faculties the
an

raised

and

of activity

his argument body, exemplifies excellent of picture

an

by drawing

senator,

into retiring

the country, and

himself guarding
"

from

lassitude

by continual occupation.
XXXIII.
to

And engage
our

does

retirement
"

offer

no

jects obon

attention ?
a

does

it not,
of
ments amuse-

the other and

?
" "

hand, present

succession

Can
"

ever ried changing and ever vapleasures, who has a garden ? Can he want exercise, mental who has a library? he want recreation,

Can

he be destitute of has before the

vast
"

to objects

engage
nature

his

who research,

volume On all
may
"

of

alwaysunfolded
so

him*?

the contrary, that these,

a

varied
to

and

so

are delightful

votary

temperate
the

solitude

triumphantly
whether the

in enquire,

languageof Cicero,
of the
can
or table,

gay amusements
of
a

the soft blandishments

mistress

that enjoyments,

may

supplytheir votaries with stand in competition fairly

intellectual pleasures ;

with

the calm

of delights

Note

10.

41

which "pleasures, with gatherstrength and pleasure

a

never

fail to
"

improve

and
not

to
a

our

years*?"
in

Is there

consolation
more

them, than which

"

nothingcan
with
no

be

delightfulsince they fade

Is there
a a

season?
not

"

melancholy, which they do

of
not
lieve? re-

they do
"

soothe,or
the

sorrow

When

body, instead
sensual

and tasting new vigour

and

newacquiring pleasure, beginsto decline,

or gratifications, grown

is sated with

them, incapableof tasting

continue
to

does

not

the

mind
new

improve
"

and

to

itself in indulge advance

"

employments?
a

Is not
of

every

in knowledge is not
one

new

source

? delight

and

the ence, scifind

joy,we

feel in the actual

of possession
we

which heightened by that,

in another
?
"

expect

to

Yes,
a

my

dear

Lelius,doubtless, tirement recharms

to
commend re-

and

love
far
a

of letters have
more

them,

transcendent,than the

vapid nonsense
world !
"

of

perate and intemharsh,an ignorant

XXXIV.

No

writer,ancient
he hcec studia

or

modem,

has

In

another

place

says,
res

adolescentiam

alunt,
et

senectulem

secundas ollectant,

ornantf adversis solatium

non

per-

fiigiumprccbent ;
tant

delectant domi,

foris impediunt ;

pernoc-

rusticantur. voliscvm, peregrinantur,

42

shown Horace.

greater relish for natural

"

beauty, than
every

It is indicated
"

in

almost

ode,

that he has written. of

If he

celebrate the powers

the shade If he

wine,
"

the

of sitting under pleasure is remembered the charms

more

of the vine tree in

"

too

:"

sing,

Lydian measures,
the
rose

of his

mistresses,

is not

the violet has beautiful,

"

no

sweeter

perfume.
another in war?
a

One

he

invites

to

the

woods,
beds he its

and

he

as describes,

on reclining

of roses,

cool
"

and

shady grotto.
"

Does

sing

of

he

forgets not
with the rural

to

contrast
a

and pa'ins

its horrors

of pleasures

smiling country, peopled with

a

animals,and
Rome
or

rural

population. Upon
"

couch, at

at

in Lucretilis, indulging calls

grapes and
to

the

joys of Bacchus,
of the the

he

mind

the

season

when vintage,

hang,
the
upon

in

on purple clusters,

vines ;

when

happy peasants dance,

the

in various
"

groupes,

margin

of

river.
"

With
a

fountain

of clear
am

water,"

says
a

he,

"

and

shady

wood,
Ah!

happier than
I
and

princeof
the
waters

Africa."

how

am

when delighted,

wanderingamong
shades
of rests fo-

steep rocks
and

woods;

since
of

the

murmuring
me

inspire my
in all future

fancy, and
ages.
"

will render
ye

famous

Sing,oh!

the virgins,

beauties of Thes-

43

salian Tempe,
oh ! celebrate,

and
ye

the

wandering isle of
charms
and

Delos

youths,the
lives

of that

dess, god-

who shades

in flowing rivers delights

on

in the
of

of trees ; who the the

the

mountain

Algidus, among
manthus
"

and

on

woods of Eryimpenetrable and fertile Cragus*." green

at

How

happy

is he

his various

villas!
"

and

with what

does delight
a

he celebrate the

superior
epode
!

advantagesof
"

country life in his second

recals forcibly
to
our

poem,

which

tion recollecold

Corycian swain, and Virgil's

man

Claudian's

of Verona.

XXXV. that if
do
a man

Pliny, who
would

was

accustomed

to

say,
must

perpetuate his fame, he

write

thingsworth
never

or recording,

thingsworth
he
was

was reading,

than happier,
at

when

dulging inhe
lebrate ce-

himself found leisure to the

"

his country
to

seats, where
to

write

his his

and friends,

views, which
says

villas afforded."and

Thuscum,"
"

he, with
a

honest

elegant

pride,
formed

is situated in

natural amphitheatre, fine,

by the richest part of the Apennine, whose

are

towering summits

crowned

with

oak, and

Lib.

in.

ode

15.

iv.

ode

26.

ode'4.

ode

3.

i.

ode

21.

44.

broken

into

with of shapes, variety the

springs,
spersed inter"

from wellingperpetually with

"

sides,and
and

fields, copses,
observes

vineyards."
" letter,

Here," he
most

in another retirement
:
"

enjoy
and
no

the

profound

all is calm contribute

which composed;" 'circumstances,

less,than
health in this of

its clear and

unclouded

sky, to

that

body,

and

cheerfulness of

mind, which,
"

I place,

so

particularly enjoy." Pliny had

on

several country which

he
was

seats

the Larian

Lake,
"

two
ner, man-

of

to*. particularly partial

The

in which has and Roman

he spent his time at those

con amore

he villas,
;

described
because

in but

letter to Fuscus

we

have would

an

imperfectidea
sent

of

I villas, of the

have has

you

tion transla-

he description, had I
not

givenof

his villa at

Laurentium,

negligenceof diligent
the admiration

of imitating that despaired which much style, so cited ex-

of the

great Erasmus.
am

"

In

I writing, regard to epistolary the when

to scholiasts,

tempted, with
the
are

give
they
the

Cicero

preference,
of
a

the

of subjects
but

his letters relate

public
of

nature;

when
to

to

the

currences, daily oc-

and

sentiments private

the

Plin.

Epist. Romano,

vn.

46

wear

the honours, arising from

the consistent and be entitled to the

"

of Tibullus, than manly politics

most

vivid laurel of
from
an

the

poetic wreath.
branch of the
of

scended De-

honourable
cause

the

Al-

bian

he foughtthe family,

people by
mated ani-

the side of with towards

to

Messala,
all the that

at

and though Philippi,

a

fervencyof

friendship grateful
he

distinguished statesman,
his that fatal
none

dained disto

follow
of

example, in payingcourt
day.
"

the conqueror

The

crown

of

Augustus

derived

of

its lustre with the

a

from

the

praisesof
contest, and
the

Tibullus.

"

Weary

hopeless
dulge in-

disgustedwith
retired to innocent his

corruptionsof
"

times, he
in the

Pedum;

there
a

to

of occupations

country
in

life ;
"

to

recruit

impaired finances,and,
of

the

alternate

amusements

agricultureand
;

of his heart poetry,to soothe the disappointments

"to

invoke

the

favours

of

his mistress ;
"

and,

above

to retain, all, unimpaired,those high and

genuineideas
from the

of

which liberty,

he had

imbibed

in

early youth from

the lessons of his preceptors and former

ages.
"

splendid examples of
"

XXXVII.
Sir William

If life were
"

not

too

short,"says

Jones,

for the

complete discliargv

47

of all
and

our

duties,publicand respective

private,

for the

in any

of necessary knowledge, acquisition with how much sure pleadegree of perfection,

and

improvement might a great part admiringthe Nothing can elegantand

so

of it be

spent, in
orb !"
"

beauties of this wonderful

is in the
more

This
"

observation
be

true

of spirit

Plato.

or more delightful,

than essentially profitable, such The their

so an

whole

life, spent in
"

unsatiating employment.
numerous

"

objects are
and important,
one,

and

diversified,
uses

their so distinct, respective properties their beauties her

or so

that alluring,

no

duly

initiated into weariness

secrets, retires

from

her

study with

disgust.
"

XXXVIII.
upon than his taste
upon

Cicero,who
for the

valued

himself

more

cultivation of

philosophy,
not to

his talent for oratory, seems

an

have

felt the truth of

at

adage,so
he had

common

in of many

Europe
sions man-

the present has

no

day,"

that the master

no

home; "for
all erected
was

than eighteen less,

different residences in various

parts of Italy.
"

They

were

in such
to at

beautiful
"

tions, situa-

that he
of
"

induced
retreat
*

call them

the eyes how-

Italy*." His

Tusculum

was,

Note

12.

48

ever, his favourite residence.

to previous

"

This spot
in

was

sessed, pos-

those

tumults

which Italy,

have

robbed

it of all its models

convent

of the fine arts,

by

Basilian

of Grecian

monks,

called
ment amuse-

Grotta

Ferrata; and it was

the favourite
to

of the brothers
to

of that monastery

exhibit,
remains

learned

and

the travellers, enlightened the This small

retreat

of

Cicero's

and buildings, his with

aqueducts,
the
orator

that watered embellished

garden.
"

every

specimen

of art, that his

friend Atticus
"

could
most

purchasefor

him

at

Athens

It

was

the

elegantmansion
beauty of the
to

of

gant that ele-

age;
around

and

the

landscapes

it,adding lustre

the

refined building,
"

the taste

of its accomplished possessor*.

XXXIX.

Diocletian,when

he

selected

spot for his retirement,took

his the

peculiar care,
admit.
no
"
"

that

palaceshould
nature

command

every

beauty, which
The

of the Mr.

country would
Adams

views,"says
than the stretched

f, "were
climate
the
were

less beautiful,
wards : toinviting

the soil and

west,

lay

fertile

shore, which
which
a num-

along the Adriatic,in

*

Note

13.

of + Antiquities

Diocletian's

palace

at

Spalatro,p.

")'

49

ber

of small islands
as

are

scattered in such

ner, man-

to

givethat part of
"

the

sea

the appearance

of

great lake.
to

On

the north liesthe

bay, which
the country proper
trast con-

of Salona : and city in sight, forms a beyond it, appearing

led

the ancient

to

that

more

extensive

prospect of water,
to

which
to

the Adriatic presents both

"

the south and view

was

the east.

Towards

the

north,the

terminated

tuated mountains, siirregular and in many at a proper distance, places, and vineyards." covered with villages, woods The example of Diocletian was, long after, membered reby Charles the Fifth of Spain,who

by high and

"

his Roman imitating prototype, derived but littlecomparativefame, and deserved less. It in
"

was

the extreme

beauty
which idea of

of the

situation of the the order

to monastery of St. Justus,belonging

of St.

Jerome,
an

first

that inspired

restless
had he

despot with governed passed near

his that it was
so

long

and

a world, he quitting so malignantly.As

"

that monastery, remarked

many
to

years

before

he retirement,
a

his

attendants,

spot, to which

Diocletian

mighthave
of this

retired with

pleasure.The
"

remembrance and. at
to

placenever
of the
VOL.

deserted

him ;
"

length, weary
a

he world,
II.

withdrew
E

the

of melancholy

50

cloister*, where,
his the

in silence and

he solitude,

tombed en-

his plans, and, ambition,resigned derived posterity, conciliating for

some

in

hope

of

portionof

consolation his

having so longagitated
devastations and
his

Europe by

his projects,

publicmurders.
XL.
on

The which

imagination can
it of
more
a man

select

few

jects, obthan

to delights

repose,

the retirement from the

vortex

of talents and
"

integrity
by

of

public life.
vast

Surrounded

the beauties of the

creation,

All

the distant

din the world

but

can

keep,
his

Rolls

o'er his grotto and

soothes

sleep.
"

Such

was

the retirement

of

Scipio ; when,

rich

in

approvingconscience,he retired from the malicious of his enemies, to philopersecution sophic

an

ease

and

independenceat
with the

his villa of

Liits

ternurn.

"

There, charmed

the

of diversity

in landscapes, Lelius

conversation agreeable
and Lucilius,

of Terence,

and

in

his cultivating

farm, he enjoyedan
*

enviable truly eveningof life,

40. Thuan. Lib.

Sandov. 260.

ii. 607.

Zuniga.

xvii. 609.

bertson. Ro-

51

innocence for its tranquillity,

was,

and

glory.
"

There

it

he outlived all his that had

been

nies, and all the caluminjuries, him. propagated against

"

XLI.
excuse me

And

here,my
for of

Lelius,perhaps you will

"

that calumny, observing, life! private

"

that
tural na-

public scourge
result of
odium
"

is the almost

of

the a slanderer to escape permitting publicexposition.A calumniator,

"

whose

tongue

outvenoms

all the
be

worms

of

to Nile,"ought imperiously

exposed ;

not

only
ciety so-

for the sake

at

of
"

but truth,

for the

welfare of

large. For

who

is

to

this guard against

"

public pest, unless his character is displayed to the garish than against a eye of day," any more,
felon, unless
who he
be

convicted ?
"

He, therefore,
gation oblithe

the one, performs as great an punishes to society,as he, who prosecutes

other *.

XLII.
of he

Armed

with

all the
of
a

mean

insolence

and conscious security,

audience, willing
a

from hisses,

behind

his

at curtain,

thousand

By

an

ancient

law

of

Scotland

a. criminal

of this sort

was

punished with

death.

e2

52

good

and

estimable
to

before characters,
an

the world

is conscious organ, born

what

odious
"

and

detestable
his career,

it lias longbeen bred in

But listening.

in envy,

malice,and
abhorrence

tutored and
men,

by folly,
"

finishes in contempt, He is

disgrace.
feared
"

despised by
and

all honourable
as a

by

the weak,

shunned
"

: pestilence

his infamy

is unpitied and
have
;
"

those,who,

even

ly, innocentof his of

proach re-

eaten

of
so

his

poison, partake
is the nature
a

and

detestable

this is

cowardly crime, that,wherever

to
are

nest

of wasps

be

found,

we

never

fail to ashamed

observe, that they

of each

mutuallyafraid
XLIII.
The
"

and

other!

"

duty
The
more

of

expositionperformed,
hornet, having lost its
the

anxiety subsides.
can sting,

stingno

; and

viper,having
and dies*.

dischargedits venom,
To has and be

sickens pines,

envied, and
an

therefore

to
on

be

traduced,
eminent,

long been
shall any
to

impost settled
man,

the

pigmy

of

modern

date, presume
it has
been

escape

that

when tribute,
the
most

paid, in

all ages,

by

illustrious of all

Note

14.

54

XLV.
attends

In the estimate of the

which happiness,
to

others, we
the standard that
man,

are

too

apt
own

judge

fects of its efto

by
consider
or

of

our

and feelings,

happy
with To been
our

or

miserable,who
tastes,
our

sents dis-

complies opinions.
"

manners

and

our

those, whose
curbed the

unbounded
or

desires

have

never

by prudence

how virtue,
of

vain will appear who calculated

rit spiphilosophic
years,

Adrian,
at

those
as

which

he
to

passed life;or
"

the Villa of

Adriana,
son

only belonging
of

that

Corcutus,
death
of

Bajazet the
tus Corcuthe army

Second!
was,

Upon

the

Mahomet,
of

by the unanimous

consent

and

elected, after nobility,

his father.
"

various

in struggles,

preference to
at

Upon
he

Bajazet'sarrival

however, Constantinople,

resignedthe
a

perial im-

with purple,and retired,

to

yearlypension,
of

the

government
and

of the

provinces delightful
he lived

Lycia, Caria
content

Ionia, where
of

free and
"
"

in the

quietstudies
he,
in
an

philosophy.
oration of
a

I ther, fa-

esteemed
"

it,"says

to

his

unbecoming
mind,
to

the resolution
for

calm

and

settled

pant

those

worldly possessions,
of

when,

in the sweet

meditations is feasted

heavenly

things, my

ravished

mind

with

objects

55

of far

more

worth

and

than majesty, in the world."

"

all the

doms king-

and

monarchies

XLVI.

Upon
of

the death

of her

nand husband, Ferditired re-

Marquis
to

Pescaria, Vittoria Colonna

of

the island
of

situated Ischia,finely
gave
of
a

near

the

bay

Naples,

and

herself
man,
to
so

up

to

the

sorrow,

which
to

the death
not

deservedly
"

dear

her, could

fail

occasion.
many

Her

beauty and
noble

her merits attracted

"

wealthy and
all.
"

suitors,
with

but

she refused
of the

them

vated Captilistened the

the beauties

she island,
"

to

the

of inspirations
of

the muse,

became

miratio adterati Lion

Italy,and
"

celebrated

by all the
or

of her time.

rln her bower,

most

walking

the

sea-shore,she meditated
have entitled her the There
most to

of those

poems,
tion men-

which

such

honourable

among

celebrated she wrote which

abound

of the Petrarchian

school.
her

"

it was,

her Sonnets

and

Canzone, poems,
at
an

with her

ten Stanze,writ-

earlier age,

in

lively description

and

natural

pathos.
"

XLVII.
at

Tasso, the great Italian poet,

retreat

was

born amid

Sorrento, the

of his

situated father,

56

the

finest scenery
he

in all
never

Italy.
"

Born

in such

delightful spot,
of nature,
occurrences

lost that of the

more

relish exquisite
unfortunate
solation only con-

which,

in many
was life,

of his
; and

his chief and the

court

while
was

in living

of the Duke when he

was

of

he Ferrara,

never

than happier,
at

invited by the duke surrounded

to

his retirement
watered

Belriguardo,
by
the Po.
"

by gardens,and

XLVIII.

Ariosto
"

was

an equally

admirer

of fine Fuand

landscape
rioso
are

and

many up

parts of
with

his Orlando wild

taken scenery,

describingthe
several
of

romantic

in which

the

pal princi"

actions,he
the

were celebrates,

performed.
house, which

In he

gardens, belonging
for himself
cantos
verse

to

the

erected added

in
to

the

city of Ferrara, he
poem, of

several
into

his immortal comedies

and

rendered saria and

the

the
was

Casceedingly ex-

the Suppositi#.-r-Leo
to partial country

Tenth

diversions
at

and

rural

scenery.
so

"

His

villa

at

Malliana

length became
it for quitted
"

to him, delightful

that he seldom

Rome, unless

upon

the most

urgent occasions.

Note

16-

57

His

return

was,

at

all

times, greetedby
the in
most

the peasantry siastic enthu-

of

his

neighbourhood,iu
"

manner.

They

met

him,

bodies, upon
and
measure

the road ; and

were

him presented

with the

flowers
common

fruits ; of

happy, beyond
the

when felicity,
any

Pontiff accepted condescending

"

of their rustic presents.

more

In return, he gave

them

substantial benefits ; the old and young

of his

partook alike
bestowed entered the
most

bounty;
the

upon

the damsels

he

on portions

day

of

marriage,and

into conversation

with

his

with neighbours

condescension; esteeming, fascinating

like Titus

Vespasian,nothing more
from
"

becoming
the

great and magnanimous prince,than

every
one

sending

his presence

contented, cheerful,

and

happy.

XLIX.
have
been and

The
so

whose poet Sannazarius, admired universally of

eclogues

gance for their elemoured enaequally

beauty

sentiment, was

of his villa at
was

Mergillina ;

and

so

strong
sequent sub-

his affection for

wars

that when, during the it, demolished

in

it was Italy, commanded

event

by the

imperial troops, rentio,the

hastened his end.

by Philliberto Auis said

to

unfortunate

have

58

L. At

his country seat, at

Borgo Taro,
of

in the Ma-

duchy
nara,

of
wrote

Parma,
those

Prospero, Marquis
and pastorals

sonnets, which

for established,

their

author, a
"

celebrity nearly
At
of
a

equalto any poet of his age. he resigned the office period,

Duke
charms of of
"

subsequent
the the his
mirable ad-

premier to
return to

Parma,
the this

that he

might
the

country,

and he

studies of
his

youth.
Fifth of

At

period

completed
"

translation of the

Georgics. Philipthe
love
of the

his Spain, too, signalised and the

beautiful

grand, by choosing,as
retirement,a
in
vast

the
litary so-

place of
There,
he

occasional

deep

and

wood,
about

embosomed
two

mountains.

"

miles from

the

of Segovia, city
so

erected

the the

palace of
natural

St.

Ildefonso,and
of the

embellished
that
mere
an

beauties

place,
the
re-

enthusiastic traveller*

that declares, sufficient to

sightof
a

them

were

alone

compence

journeyinto Spain.
than happier, when

LI.

Martial
the

was

never

joying en-

of delights

his favourite

Anxur, situated

among

craggy

rocks, and celebrated for its quar-

Mons.

Bourgoanne.

59

ries*.
"

Lope
"

de

Vega,

whom in

the

writers Spanish

as celebrate,

admirable
in

lyric poetry, eloquent

in

in

heroic,melodious

pastoral, grave
dramatic

epic,
for

and

ingeniousand
whose the

fertile in

poetry,"

and him
wrote

multifarious
of appellation of his best
"

writingsprocured
the

Muse

of the

Spain,"

many

piecesamid
and

agreeable
"

around landscapes It
was

Villa Franca

Oropeta.
in the service

in the that

enjoyment of scenes Claude Lorrain,while

his Nature. the

still more

mirable, ad-

of

Augustin Tassi, first roused

fields, among woods,

genius to

the

contemplationof
the and beside the for natural
on

There, roving amid

up

the

mountains,

relish Tiber, he caught that poetic enabled

in her
"

beauty, which
nature

him

to

sent, repre-

canvass,

most

and lovely

most

attire. captivating
of

And

though the biographer

has

the Abate
to

Metastasio
be

neglectedto
that the in the

notice

it is not it,

but questioned,
and
art

works magnificent of

of nature

bourhood neigh-

the

in cityof Naples, contributed,

Martial, Lib.

x.

Ep.

58.

In

another

epigram

he

bursts

out,
O

Nemus,

Fontes!

solidumque madentis
Anxur

arena*

Littus," requoreissplendidus

aquis !

60

no

small

degree,to
when
to

overcome

the

resolution he

of

that
an

elegant man,
Rome

he had
"

bade,as
He
had

thought,
his

eternal adieu
at

poetry.

wasted

fortune

in
had

unprofitable yet

uncriminal the
care

and dissipation, of the celebrated with the he exercised

"

put himself under

advocate

of Naples, Paglietti

firm had

resolution of
"

resuming
some

sion profestime,he
own

long neglected. For

greatest tyranny
over

the

his

clinatio in-

till, by
was

the entreaties of the Countess

of

Althan, he
on

persuaded to
the the drama

write

an

epitha-

lamium
telli; the
to

the

marriageof
the

Marquis Pignaof

this succeeded of

Endymion,

Gardens

and Angelica; Hesperides,

to

till, by captivated
and

this irresistiblerecal the

poetry,
lish embel-

animated
the

by
of

lovelyscenes,

which

bay
gave

Naples, he
to

againneglectedthe
his favourite
amuse,

law,
ment.

and

himself up

LII.

It is

impossibleto
He
was never

describe
his

the

sure, pleawhen

which
at

Petrarch
"

enjoyed in
was
never

hermitage celebrating

Vaucluse*. from

truly happy
weary

away

it;he

never

of

its

and beauties,

with describing fatigued

Note
17.

62

sometimes

I leave them
on

behind

me.

"

I recal the Fond

of the in turn,

past, and deliberate

the future.

"

place I
Rome here
whom I

am

in,every situation becomes,

me,
"

to agreeable

except Avignon. I find Athens,

my

and

Florence, as

desires; imagination

enjoy my
I have

friends; not

only those, with

have

who but those, lived, I know

longbeen
"

dead, and whom

The celebrated

only by

their works."

Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne,often

the

declared,that
was

happiestsummer,
small island
of

he

ever

joyed, en-

in the

Inarine, near
called what

Naples;
"

he which, in pointof landscape, of

our

the

Epitome

the whole

earth*.

"

And

enthusiast of

nation is

of ignorant adorned
"

the beauties, the best

and virtues, that elegancies and

most
woman lovely

of

her age ?

Your

gination, imayou
to

my

Lelius, immediatelywafts
Rowe.
"

the tomb

of Elizabeth
compare
measure even

woman,
were

with
the
was

whom

to

Julia

herself
"

highest
that grew, did
not

of

panegyric!
in her

There
a

an a flower, a plant, scarcely

or insect,

bird,

crept,

or

sung

garden, which

administer
In
*

to

her

happiness f.
of

LIII.

the
Note

retirement
18.

his
19.

bishopric,

Note

63

Fenelon

wrote

his Telemachus.

"

The

virtuous

after Sully,
at himself,

the assassination of his master, amused his Chateau in de

Villebon, duringa

riod pe-

of in
a

thirty years,
and

retreat delightful
a

his estate; and cultivating the at Gentilly, Benserade,

idol of
every

gay

voluptuous court, engraved upon

garden, a memorial
adorned Raleigh
were

tree
"

in his

of his his seat

piness. hapwith

Sir Walter

that gardens and orchards, the county of Dorset his

own

the admiration of

; and

Sir Robert

Walpole
nificent mag-

with planted,

hands, many
are now

of those

trees, which
"

the

prideof Houghton.
he says;
"

In

letter to General affords

no

Churchill
news,
to
no

"

This

place
and
are

amusement

entertainment
:

subjectof fine men. My

"

flatterers

mutes to

the

oaks, the beeches, the

seem chesnuts,

contend, which shall best please

manor.
"

the

lord

of
not

the

They

cannot

deceive,

theywill
fill up

lie.
"

mire adI, in return, with sincerity

as

them, and
as

have

many of

beauties

about
no

me,

all my
me

hours from

and dangling,

grace dis-

attends

the age of

sixty-seven."
France
a

LIV.
a

Henry

the

Fourth

of

had
town

ways alin

peculiar regardfor Pau,

small

the

provinceof Gascoigny,abounding in beauti-

64

ful prospects; and it is

to impossible

describe the

he received, of Laon, duringthe siege pleasure, from in his

the revisiting

forest of
been

where, Folambray,
to

youth, he

had

accustomed

regale

himself with
of fruit*.

milk, new

cheese,and various kinds

LV.

The
a

and elegant

unfortunate

Earl of Essex,

too, was
and the
once,

lover of nature when in ordered

in all her wild

to

varieties,
of

take

the command

army
most

Ireland,a commission, which

have willingly he foregone,
wrote

he
a

would

letter to his he

Queen mistress,
of the

Elizabeth, in which
a

complained
lines.
"

appointment as

species

of banishment

; and

lowing closed his letter with the fol-

Happy
In From
Of

he

could

furnish

forth

his

fate,
obscure

some

unhaunted

desert love

most

all

from society,
folk

and

hate he

worldly
wake

j then

should

sleep

secure.

"

Then

again, and
with

yield God
hawes

ever

praise,
bramble-berry;

Content In

hips

and

and

contemplation passing out

And

his
to

days,
make be
a

change
he

of

holy thoughts
tomb

him

merry,

Who, when
Where

dies, his
robin

may with

bush,

harmless

dwells

gentle thrush.
ii. 381.

Vid.

Mem.

Sully. Vol.

65

LVI.
circle of love him of in

Iu the retirement

of

Biberach, in

the

Suabia, Wieland
poetry, which
eminent

imbibed

that ardent

afterwards
manner.
"

distinguished
celebrated lover he
en

so

The

Alonzo of fine

D'Ercilla, too,
"

was

an

enthusiastic

landscape. During
a

the in

time,in which

commanded

small

force

Chili,he
of Amid

was

gaged in
a

war

with the inhabitants

"

Auracauna,
the toilsand

ferocious

tribe of America.
he

dangers,which
considered the

encountered
a

in this dreadful which

to
a

warfare,he composed
as a

poem, boast
on

has
"

been

of subject

Spain.
rock,
or

On
clining re-

midnightwatch,
near
an

stretched

impetuous torrent, he
immortal
"

conceived
and
blished, esta-

which ideas,
for

astonished his countrymen

himself,an

fame

in

the

annals of

Spanishliterature.
The

LVIT.

into action almost himself

geniusof Gesner was from readingthe works

had which

first called
of the
now

Brockes" who forgotten

a

selected exhibited

for

of poetry, species
nature

the

various beauties of
"

in the minutest

details.

Warm

from

the works

of that poet, the scenery

of

new Berg acquired

charms, and
"

animated of

ner Ges-

with
VOL.

new II.

: impulses F

the town

Berg being

66

situated in the most

of Zurich*.
"

beautiful

part of the
of

canton

To

the memory

this
a

enchantingmonument,

poet his fellow citizens have erected

in which
over

nature

and
urn,

poesy

are

represented ing weep-

his

in

most

lovelyspot
and

of

romantic Sihl.

watered valley,

by

the Limmat

the

LVIII. with gifted

The
an

late amiable

unfortunate

Mr.

Collins,

was imagination,

and a powerdisposition ful of the susceptible peculiarly

grand and

beautiful in

landscape.
"

His

ode ode

to
to

Libertytestifies his

love of his how

freedom; his
and feelings

of Evening the delicacy of his taste ; and

the
was

gance eleof

desirous he

beholding the proud

demonstrate.

and

majestic scenery
will

of

stanza Scotland, the following

"

sufficiently

All

hail ye scenes,

that
and

o'er

my

soul

prevail!
far away,

Ye
Are

splendid friths
by
Don's smooth

lakes, which,
filled,or

Annan

pastoral Tay,
!
"

Or The

romantic may come,

springs,at distance, hail

when

time

I, perhaps,
with

may

tread broom
,

Your

lowly glens o'erhung

spreading

Note

20.

67
Or Or o'er your o'er your

stretchingheaths, hy fancy led,

mountains
once

creep,
more

in awful
the faded

gloom. bower,

"

Then Where
Or Or

will I dress Jonson

from
on

sat

in Drummond's

classic

shade;

crop, mourn,

Teviot-dale, each
Yarrow's
on

flower, lyric
the widow'd

banks,

maid

i
"

Ode

the

St. of the Highlands, Superstitions

xiii.

LIX.

The

love of divided

and landscape
sway

the love of
of the

literature held
learned and

in the mind
"

Gibbon. accomplished
habit and

In

foreign
his

country, which
own,

affection had made

he

which

society, by enjoyedthe most agreeable he was noured. highlyesteemed, beloved and ho"

In

of possession be scarcely
not

scenes,

of

which

can parallel

found

in any

quarter

of

the had

Gibbon globe,
the
of
to felicity

only possessedthem,
with gifted
"

but

be

mind,

ble capa"

them. enjoying

There

"

at

Lausanne

proudlysituated on
and

the lake of

Geneva, he began
of his

his

completed that great monument Historyof the Decline and Fall

"

fame,

of the Roman

Empire.
true

There

is

mixture

of

and sublimity he describes

pathos in
of
"
"

the passage,

where

the close

his vast I have

of

pressive. imundertaking, peculiarly

to

presumed

mark,"

says

he,
of

the

moment

(amid conception,
f

the ruins

6S

Rome;)
my

I shall

now

commemorate
"

the hour
on

of
or

final deliverance.

It

was

the

day,

rather

nightof

the 27th of and

June, 1787, between

I wrote the in

the hours

of eleven

that twelve,
a

last lines of the last page, in

my

summer-house
my pen,

garden.
"

After in
a

layingdown
walk of

I took

several commands

turns
a

covered

Acacias,which

prospect of the country, the lake and

"

the mountains.
was

The

air

was

temperate, the sky

of the
moon
was flected re-

serene,

the silver orb the waters, and

upon
"

all nature

was

silent.
of

I will not

dissemble
of my of my
a

the first emotions

joy

on

the recovery

freedom, and perhaps the

fame.
"

establishment
soon

But

my

pridewas
spread
taken
an

humbled, and
my

sober

was melancholy

over

mind, by

the
an

idea, that
old and

I had

leave everlasting and fate of my

be

of

panion, agreeablecom-

that whatsoever the history,

might

be

the

future

life of the historian

"

might

short and

!" precarious

LX. rived from the

The the

which pleasure, beauties

nature

Mr.

Gray

dtfrom

of in
of

landscape and general, may

his

of productions in many

be observed

passages

works, poetical

and

more

in his letters, the describing particularly

70

of bishoprick
man,

Chester.
Porteus he

"

Never ! and

was

there the

better of

than
age,

Dr.

for

honour
be

the

in which

lived,let
"

him
good

ever

tinguish disof

by
London."
so
"

the title of the To

a

bishop

him

are

the slaves of indebted

Africa,in

considerable
of

degree,

tion for the abolicontinued

that

monstrous

which traffic, this the

to

so

long a disgraceto
"

proud

and

happy
of
a

try: coun-

he their
a

assisted

in

formation the of

society
he

for
was

conversion
encourager

Christian

Faith;

warm

Sunday

schools

; and

an

of earlypatronizer

Lancaster's

lic system of pubwas

education.

"

As his

master,
servants

he

so

kind
over

and

indulgent,that
grave
;
as a

shed
to

tears

his
and of
so

he friend,
a

was,

excess,

ardent

sincere ;

as

preacher, so

admirable

in

point

in languageso delivery, that striking,

a

in argument elegant,
court

whole

hung

with

holiest

rapture

on

his

lips ;

and
a more

never,

in the

historyof
audience
at

was polished society,

admiring

assembled,
advanced the

than
of

at

the

lectures, which,
delivered

the from

age

he sixty-seven,

pulpit of
"

St. James's

church, in the cityof

in

Westminster.
of England

He

was,

truth, the Fenelox

!
"

71

LXII.

And
a

here,my
remarks

Lelius, perhaps you will

upon who
a

pardon

few

the

comparative
the power of

of those men, pretensions for themselves acquiring

STATESMEN,
HEROES

have

immortality, splendid
AND LITERATI

!
"

of

the these, their

two
"

first are

dependant on
are

the last for

eternity ;
"

the last who

dependantonly on
have heard cian of Grehad such
statesmen

themselves.
or

For

would and

of Roman

heroes and

men
or

as

Herodotus
not

if there had
"

existed, Thucydidesnever been a Livy,a Polybius, or a

meditate
on

Tacitus?

When
of

we

the of

memories

of Charles
on

Spain and
of

Frederic
and

Prussia,or

the

names

Suwarrow
we

Napoleon,with
by
the the fields ! and

what

do disgust

trace

their routes

stains of with what

which purple, horror

do
we

discolour

cased with by hearts,

recognisetheir effigies mail,eyes prominentwith

and fingers bosoms

and lust, military with

ears,
"

ping drop-

blood!

The

outcast, who
not
so
so vile, were a

beheaded worthless

Mary
and

of

was Scotland, ::
"

detestable

even

Chartres

Deity !
"

LXIII.

Statesmen!

essenced

warriors!

"

Men, who

palsythe

of courtiers, gliding throughan avenue energiesof a whole people; and with

all the cowardice

of

devote provinces to security,

72

destruction with
whole

stroke of the pen, and

late depopu"

nations without
of such
"

speak not
or

men

as

drawinga sword! I BernstofF, Solon, Sully,

their
tions narespective

Chatham,
and the

the

prideof
and
* *

of glory
#

the whole and

*

earth !
"

But

of

Talleyrandand
LXIV.
as

*.

"

When

we

speak or
of

think of such
nature

men

these, (forthe
to

weakness

permitsus

not

guard

our

thoughts againstsometimes
men, any
more

of thiuking
are

such

than

our

eyes

in the disgusting privileged against objects graceful the character of disour thoughtswear streets,) moral uniformity. The same disgust
"

affects us,

whether

we

speak of Catherine
Medicis
"

of

Russia,or
with
not

Catherine

de

;
"

of

John

of

of England or Philip

France. with

Cesar Associating would

scure ob-

Borgia and
prefer the
hamlet
of

who Sejanus,

eternal

silence of
to

the most the

as

the Hebrides

ous ignominithese?
"

of immortality

such

creatures

Men
as
a

and women,

towards

whom, history operates

"

! perpetual gallow-tree

LXV.
is

Warfare
"

of

defence, my
rest

Lelius,alone
"

the justifiable: who

urges

is

infamy:

and

the

man,

it or it,proclaims

assists in

it,

73

be
to

he
the

minister prince, united

we

or

is entitled counsellor, world. injured

to
"

hisses of thus

an

But

v\jhydo
"

presume

satirize the

age?
and

Is

not

Russia, and

France, and argument?

"

Germany,
Dues
not

Turkey againstour Europe

too
screams

all manity Hushe

assist these in
our

polemics? military
"

favour
;

it is

true

; but

screams

the against in arms!

"

wind

she

the fights against

world

In this

desperateand disgraceful
the Buffon.

warfare, my
shields of

Lelius, shelter yourselfbehind

and
"

Plato,Newton

LXVL

But

who

are

those,niched
live from
age

in the eternal
to

who amphitheatre,

age,

and and Who

who,

to

the utmost
not

limits of
a

time,will
but
a

charm
"

instruct
are

only

nation

world?
are

those, of whom
hour
?
"

men enlightened
are

speaking
with
us

every

Who in

they,who
without
tears

walk

us,

accompany secrecy,
are

us

who long journies,

us a

advise
"

in

and

reprove

frown?

Who and

they, who
the

dry the
of
we

of the

widow,
"

cheer

bosoms

the

wretched?

Whose
and

do birth-places
"

visit with
tombs

sympathy
we

light? deverential re-

Over
awe

whose ?
"

do
us

bend
to

with

Who

teach

derive

ness happi-

from

and ourselves,

thrill

us

with all those

74 delicate

emotions, of
? and
to

which
"

our

nature

is

ceptible sus-

whom,
do

hear

vulgar it, ye military

warriors
and
men states-

!
"

to

whom for

kingsand
To

look defeated
men,

when consolation,
"

they are
"

foiled,

and

? disgraced

whom,

but to those

who

unnoticed and unknown, through life, glide merits are whose and acknowledged grave ;
"

only in
not
on

the

men,

whose
or

memories
on

live,

on monuments, pillars,

but obelisks,

in the man!
"

bosom whose the

of

every

amiable
are

and

enlightened
tion proporand
ture, rap-

images
extension
names

in multiplied the
are

to

of

human

race,

whose

honourable
even

echoed, with
"

throughthe
The

universe !

LXVII.

effect of natural that most

objects upon
be, in

the

of imagination
woman,

and energetic

ing astonisha

Madame

Roland, may
from

great

degree,conceived
her last her her
my

several passages, the St.

but
a

written
"

during her imprisonmentin composed thoughts,

she execution, thus
"
"

Pelagie.
herself

In

short time

fore beto

addresses

friends and

relatives.
servants

Farewell,my
my

child,

husband, my
sun! whose
my

and

friends

farewell,
to

thou

beams resplendent

used

shed it
to

over serenity

soul, while they recalled

75

the
have you,
wont

skies
so

which fields, farewell, ye solitary

I and

often

contemplatedwith
of

emotion;
who

ye
to

rustic inhabitants bless my presence; labours I

Thezee,
whom

were

I attended

in

sickness ; whose

and alleviated,
;
"

whose

farewell I relieved, indigence

where retirements, moral

farewell, peaceful
my

I enriched

mind

with

truths,and learned
to

in the silence of meditation

to

govern

my
"

and passions,

the despise

of vanity

the world."

LXVIII.
some

Madame

Helvetius

was

woman,

in
"

respects, not
been

inferior to Madame her

Roland.

Having
return

the idol of with

husband, whom

in

she
at

loved his

the warmest

she affection,
a

became,
circle of

of death, the delight

"

numerous

friends and

acquaintances.Retired
the wants
"

at

Auteuil, she indulgedthe native benevolence

her in administering to disposition in

of of

and animals,

of plants. cultivating

One

day,
of
a

walking

with

Napoleon,
observed
to

then

first consul in
answer

France, she
he question,

him,
to

to

had

proposed
! you
person
are

her, "Ah!

sieur Mon-

grande consul
much
acres

littleconscious,how
may

happinessa
of

enjoyupon

three

ground]"
"

76 LXIX. No enthusiastic admirer

was

one

was

more

of scenery,
to

than

Schiller." It
of the

his delight

wander
at

upon

the banks

Elbe, near
was

Dresden,
in all his

the

time, when

the

sun

setting
an

magnificence ; and
heard the

often

has burst

nished astoan

passenger

poet

into

ecstacy
"Bravo!""

of

uncontrollable

and delight,

call out

LXX.
ever

But

no

writer, ancient
with
more

x"r

modern,
the

enjoyed nature
resembled

gusto, than

unfortunate

Rousseau, who,
the
no

in many

stances, insingular Tasso.

less unfortunate
at

"

During
beauties

his

residence

the

Hermitage, the
were
"
"

of the

surrounding country
to

tinual con-

source

of amusement
was

him.
"

Although
the

the weather

cold,"says he,
snow,
to

and

ground
there,

covered the
my
trees

with lightly had

was

when

I arrived the

begun

bud, and

evening of
of

arrival

distinguished by
was

the song

the
my
a

which nightingale, window in

a

heard

almost

under
"

the house. adjoining I awoke, my when sleep, light forgetting,

wood

After

change
Gre-

of

abode, I still thought myself in the Rue

this warblingmade suddenly,
I
me

when nelle,
a

give

start, and

exclaimed

in

my

transport, 'At

78

sants, to whom
and to the himself

his

good-natureendeared
his remarks, and Goldsmith
saw,

him;
the

to which monasteries,

he recommended

by

the

of vivacity
"

of his genius. Had versatility

an

written

account

of the
met

scenes

he

and been

the adventures
one

he
most

with,it would

have

of the

of all books entertaining and the

of travel.
"

To

the

of Rousseau simplicity

of elegance

Albani

would
of

have been
"

and joinedthe spirit

enthusiasm

Dupaty.
"

To

walk
"

alongthe sea-shore," says

of
a

this elegant
to

writer, when
in the hollow
to

the tide is departed, or

sit

rock, when

it is

come

tentive in, at-

the various
and

sounds,that gatheron
raise the mind
"

every
to

above side,

below, may

its

highestand noblest exertions.

of the waves,
vast

The

solemn

roar

into swelling

and

caverns

beneath" the

from subsiding of note piercing the

the the

the frequent chatter gull,

of

the guillemot,
of the heron the scene,
essence

loud

note

of the
to

hawk, and the

scream

unite
and
turn

furnish out the

to

grandeurof
who is the

the mind

Him,

of

all

sublimity*."
Smollet, whose
*

LXXIL

genius was
m.

more

Hist

Earth.

Vol.

p. 282.

19

adapted to
of learn from
a

the

than ludicrous,

even literature,

partment elegantdeSmollet,as we may Ode

to

the

fine passage
a

in his

pendence, Inderural

had
"

taste

for rural

scenes

and

contemplation.
Nature I'll court in her

sequestered haunts,
streamlet,
grove
or

By mountain, meadow,
Where And the

cell;

pois'd lark
and peace

his

evening ditty chaunts,

dwell. oonteinplation
"

health

and

LXXIII.

Parnel he should

for wished, in early life,

be
at

the the his

time,when
milder

leisure
to

to

pursue

and occupationsof life,

dedicate
and

geniusto
various and

the

observation

of nature
"

all her

contrasted
that walks
world that that that that

beauties;
his and

The
To

sun,

airy way, give

the

light the
moon,
stars

day

The The The The

The

shines

with

borrow'd

light;

gild the gloomy night;

roll unnumbered waves;

seas,

wood,

spreads
ears

its

shady leaves
the

field, whose

conceal of the

grain,

The
All

yellow
of

treasure

plain ;

these, and
be sung,

all I see, and sung

Should

by

me."

LXXIV.
of

No

one

was

more

ardent

admirer
Dr.

the

bolder

features

of

than landscape,

so

Beattie.

"

His
would

Hermit,
have

his

Retirement, and

his

Minstrel,
even

immortalized
his

his name,
on

if he had Music.
from
"

never

written

Essay
is

Poetry
gem,
tracted ex-

and

The
a

following passage
"

casket. jewelled

how Of

canst

thou

renounce

the
to

boundless
her

store

charms,

which

nature

vot'ry yields?

The
The

warbling woodland,
pomp the of groves

the

resounding shore,
of fields
;

and of
to

garniture

All,

that

genial

ray

morning gilds,
the song of
even

And

all,that
the

echoes

All, that
And O

mountain's dread thou

shelteringbosom magnificence of
heaven
to

shields,
;

all the can'st

how

renounce,

and

hope

be

forgiven ! *
Minstrel.

LXXV.
that it should that ruined
one

The
be
so

love ! was

of
one

scenery,

unfortunate
causes,
"

of the many
sons.

of nature's worthiest does Piercefield, of Valentine

not

Who,
a

that has beheld

at

heave
?
"

sigh,
that

the mention

Morris
;
"

Who,
on

sits beneath
;
"

his beach-trees down

stands

his precipice
"

looks

his Lover's
and

Leap

surveys does of Va-

his grotto, his alcove

not

his
to

giant's cave,

shed

tear

of

regret

the memory

Note

'22.

81

lentine Morris ?"

Noble, liberaland high-mind"d; munificent; above

of

hospitable, elegantand
an

all,
tures fea-

enthusiastic admirer
of nature, this those

the

more

noble

man accomplished

firstdisplayed the
eye

unrivalled
a

beauties

to

of

taste.
as

"

With

discriminative hand, he
veil from the
bosom

uplifted,
barrassed Em;

it were,

the

of nature,
"

without

the hand, that discovering in these attempts to

lifted it.

improvehis domain
; his ambition

his of

hospitalities knowing

no

bounds

the county representing

of Monmouth
some

in parliament
foreseen un-

and oppressed by ungratified, he contingencies,

was

under

the melancholy

of parting with necessity

his estate, at the

of

time he

was

appointed governor
"

the island of sited vi-

St. Vincent.

Before

he

England, he quitted
to

in order Piercefield, of their transcendent the poor, round

women

take
"

his last farewell

beauties. him
as

Upon
a

his

arrival,
the

who
:
"

loved the
men

father,crowded
sorrow

him
and

with looks of and sighs

was

;
"

children with

tears.

While while
to
moved un-

this
some

melancholyscene
of the poor
went

and passing,
upon

down

their knees stood

implore blessings upon

::
"

him,
a

Morris

not

sigh nor
he

tear

escaped him.

"

When, however,
VOL.

crossed
G

Chepstow Bridge,

II.

82

and

took
on

last view

of the
a

castle, which,

ing stand-

the

edge

of

rock, high perpendicular

heard the sound his of the

overlooks muffled
could
no

the

Wye,

and

which bells,

announced the

he departure,

longersupport
leaned
"

firmness of his character,

and wept carriage

but

back

in his

like

an

infant.
the
state
:
"

In the Isle of St. Vincent

of the

proved he im-

colony,and

raised works

for its defence of the

but the island fell into the hands refused

to

French, and government

the

burse reim-

governor!
"

Thus

sinned

he against,

was

thrown

into the

King's Bench
to

prison by
"

his

on creditors,

his return
seven

England ;

and, during

the space of
of extreme
was

years, endured
"

all the

hardships

poverty.
to

Thus

who reduced,his wife,

niece

Lord
to

sold her
became

clothes insane !
"

and who had Peterborough, purchase her husband bread,

After

enduringthese multiplied
of
seven

calamities for the space

years,

he

was

at

lengthreleased
died in

and,

after

long years
and

of suffering,
at

ease comparative

comfort,

the

house

of

relative in

Bloomsbury Square *.
of Swiss scenery

LXXVI.

So

enamoured

was

Vid.

Archdeacon

Coxe's

Hist,

of Monmouthshire

83

the late General

who Pfiffer,

resided
he

at

Lucerne,
annual tions, elevaable remark-

that,for five-and-twenty years,

visitsto the
and
a

made
correct most
"

Alps,in
local

order

to

obtain allthe

knowledgeof

placesin
return

that romantic

country.

Upon
at

his
terials ma-

from

these

his he arranged excursions,

accuracy,
a

with such enabled

to

that he

was

length
This

form

complete topographical representation

in

of all Switzerland

mastich.
the

"

model

contained

of picture perfect

vegetable
the of

and productions,

of the different strata ; with and

relative situations
every

elevations proportional
and village,

mountain, town,
"

lake in that

enchanting country.
LXXVII.
Catherine
of Even

Madame the

de

Pompadour,
the

Medicis,and

cynicDennis, were
from pleasure

a capableof receiving

sensible

works

of

nature.

"

The

first of these

discordant
took

bold characters,
infinite

and

voluptuousas

she was,

in forming the gardens and groves delight of Menars, which, as an instance of her peculiar she bequeathed to the Marquis of friendship,

Marigny.
"

Catherine

of

Medicis,

upon

whose

head

rested many
upon

atrocious the

self murders, pridedhernoble

avenue,

havingmade

which

Si-

stillbears

her

name,
so

to leading

the Chateau have

de

Blois,situated
many
a

to as exquisitely,

reminded

travellerof the enchanted

and Ariosto.
a
"

castles of
sour

Tasso,
dictive vin-

Boyardo

Dennis, the

and

Dennis,

critic, powerful yet tasteless,

a

of the sting possessing

a

wasp,

and
"

the
"

of industry I
never

bee, thus describes his pleasure.

in
gret, re-

my

life," says he,

and mountain

"

left the
to

country without
it with

always returned
a

joy.
"

The that and the

sightof

is

more

than agreeable, meadows before

of the most

pompous

and edifice,

naturally winding streams

most
"

pleaseme
the most
u

beautiful
a

gardens,and

canals. costly which I took

an

In

journey,"he continues,
the wilds of shewed the
me a

into lately which hill, than either

ever

Sussex, I passed over

more

transporting sight,
shewn
"

country
or

had in

me

before,
prospects,
that of

in in

England

Italy. The
most,

which,
the and

Italy, me pleased
the

were,

Valdarno, from
the
"

Pyrenees;
the

that of

Rome,
of the it ;

from Mediterranean,
of

mountain that of

Viterbo:

Rome
at

at

forty,and

Mediterranean
and and every that of the

miles fifty of

distance

from

Campagne
from which

Rome,

from

Tivoli
see

Frescati

two

places you
even

foot of that famous

Campagne,

from

86

were

for the situated,

most

part,in the

most

mantic ro-

scenery*:
would
of

"

and the Dutch he and is,

merchant,dull,
whom
to
no

as cold,and phlegmatic accuse

one

alive beingfeelingly

any

of the

of delights

nature,

his imagination, pleases during

his

with the hope of retiring the to a villa, on youth, of a canal,and on the portico banks a inscribing

sentence, indicative of his Pleasure."

and
"
"
"

happiness.
"

"

Rest and Pleasure

"

Shade
"

and and
"

Delight."
"

(t

Peace."

"

Rest

extensive

Prospect."
the

Peace

and
are

Leisure"

These

and
on

similar inscripti

observed frequently the banks and

coes porti-

of the villason

of the
"

canals, near

Rotterdam, Amsterdam,

Leyden. Egypt, not only

to

LXXIX.
to

Herodotus

visited

obtain materials for his

but History,

observe
manners

the face of the country,

of the
"

as

well

as

the

people.
"

Plato
more

travelled with

the

same

views.

Many
a

of the

Greeks accomplished
to imperative,

thought it
mount

duty, almost

climb

Athos, Olympus,

and

Parnassus, where
was

the famous among

temple
groves

of

Apollo

and situated;

whose

the sublime

Pindar, charmed

Note

23.

87

with

the

beauties
many

of

the

fixed landscapes,
best
years of

his

residence,for
"

of the

his life.
a

The

Emperor

Adrian

traversed, with
three

respondent cor-

rapture, the
and

regionsof Etna; humilityof

the
a

confessed, with
that

all the
the gave
own

sophy, philosented pre-

Etna,

at

of rising him
but

sun,

which glories,

ible contempt:
"

opinion
And the
one

of

his
most

imperial condition
Naturalists enlightened

of

the

of

present day, has

ear,

often has

confessed
over

to
so

my

lighted demany

that he has

travelled such
an

and countries, in

taken

pleasure exquisite
branches moments, of
tural na-

the investigating

several
are

philosophy,that
he
were

there

when fortune all the

has

that felt,

if the

of greatest gifts

to him, presented

he

should, with accepted

stoicism of
indifference.

have ingratitude,
"

them

with

LXXX.
which friend the La

You

remember,
of !
"

my

Lelius,the effect,
had
upon
our

district

Rhinegau
This

Fontaine
of

district is situated its beauties

"

in
presented re-

the electorate
as

Mentz,

and

are

exceeding all description. Baron givenus

a

Reisbach

has

most

descripenchanting

88

tion

of

it*.
"

-During
the and

one

of

those

intervals
a

of

which application,
renders
so

of profession

barrister
La Fontaine,

necessary

Mons. agreeable, his wife and

accompanied by
Paris
banks in and with
an

daughter, left
tour

intention of
"

takinga
some

along the

of the Rhine.

After

weeks

travelling,

which

time

they visited Dusseldorf, Coblentz,

the close of
a

at Welnich, theyarrived,

tiful beau-

evening,at Rhinegau.
"

small

in village
so

the district of

The and
so

villagewas

lovely and
they with
take
"

questered, se-

were captivated

its

beauties,that they determined

abode in
a

to

up

their Weeks !
a

small cottage for

months

some

weeks.

lengthened into
"

; and

months friend

into years erected and

our Quitting his profession, on

mansion

the

banks

of

the

Rhine,

there

till the fury of political resided, opinion obliged

him
to

quitit for
of
a

land foreign

!
"

Upon
in

the settlement he

regulargovernment
"

France,

returned

to

Paris

and

may

the

of blessings

his
"

family and

his friends

have

awaited

him

there!

LXXXI.

The

influence

of

scenery,

over

the

Note

24.

89

mind

and

heart
one

of Drummond of the of

of

Hawthornden,
of

constituted

charms principal the

his

life,after the death

accomplished

Miss
was

Cunningham."
the middle hours
"

His

to Hawthornden, retiring

beginning of period of
of Thither his

his his

happiness. There,
"

in the

Drummond life,
were

tasted those

enjoyment, which
Jonson

denied
to

to

his

youth.

travelled

enjoy the
he used, perand

pleasuresof
with

and conversation,
best away

there

the attention,
;

Greek, Roman,
the hours in

Italian authors
favourite

charmed and
a

ing playhis the

"

Italian

Scottish

airs upon
to

lute, and

devoted

many
or

peaceful hour
science of

fascinating game
The loss of Miss

rather

chess*.

Cunningham increased,in
melancholy, to
gave

his
was

youth,that
of those

habitual

which birth
to

he

and constitutionally disposed,

many

sonnets, the

sweetness

and Doric

tenderness

of of vation ele-

which, possessing all

Comus,
of for mellowness

the
of

delicacies
tender

and feeling
some

sentiment, may epigrams.

"

vie with

of the best

Grecian
to

How
one,
so

beautiful well

is the

sonnet
a

his

lute,and

the

imitated from
"

passage

in Guarini's
*

Pastor
Note

Fido !
23.

90

Sweet

spring!
in

thou

com'st mantle

with

all

thy goodly train,

flowers,

Thy
The The
"

head

flames,thy
curl the

bright with
of the down but
not

zephyrs
clouds

green

locks weep
"

plain,
the showers.
"

for

joy in pearls
"

Sweet

spring !

thou

com'st thee

ah

! my

pleasant hours,
;

And The Do Thou

happy
sad

days, with

come

again

memorials
thee the come, same,

only
which which

of my
turn

pain,
my
sweet wert

with
art

to sours.

still thou

before,

Delicious, lusty, amiable, fair;

But

she, whose
;
nor

breath

imbalmed
gems go,
can

thy
her

wholesome
restore
:
"

air,

Is gone

gold,

nor

Neglected virtue,seasons
When thine

and

come,
a

forgot

lie closed

in

tomb

!
"

The and the

passage

of

Guarini Lord

is

admirably

imitated
on

improved by approach
my of

Lyttleton, in
in

his ode

Spring, which,
have
so

melancholy
sung,

moments,
concert

Lelius, you Colonna,

often

in
on

with
to
a

while

Julia has tuned

it

her the

harp

charming French
amiable
La

air,composed by
"

and elegant

Fontaine.

LXXXII.
nature

Milton, alive
the muse, honoured

to

every

feelingof
by adapting
own

and

Guarini
of his

his idea to the

;
a

circumstance which

fortune mishis

passage,

feelingly expresses

91

regret,that he could
and graces

no

longerenjoythe
nature*.
"

smiles

of all bounteous

Thus Seasons

with
not to

the year,
me

return, but
the sweet
of vernal

return
even

Day
Or Or

or

approach
bloom,
or or

of

or

morn

sight

summer's face

rose,

flocks,or herds,

human

divine."

How
which

happy Milton
he
to
was

was,

at

those

moments,
vote deand

in early youth, to permitted,

the

pleasuresof
may

rural

retirement

we contemplation,

from perceive sufficiently he

expresses

the

manner,
to

in

which
for

his

tude gratipure

his father

havinggranted those

and

innocent

indulgences.
custoditaque gentis
clamoribus
aures

Nee

rapis ad leges, male

nee

Jura,
Sed Me

insulsis
excultam urbauo

damnas

magis
procul

cupiens ditescere mentem,

secessibus strepitu,

altis

Abductum Phcebseo Officium

Aoniae

jucunda

per

otia

ripae,
"

lateri comitem

sinis ire beatum.

chari,"c.

"c.

Ad
Nor To did you force me, from mid
a

fairem. throng,

the bar's

hoarse

gather riches

nation's

wrong:

Note

26.

94
To And Mid You

higher hopes
leave
sweet

you

bade and

me

lift my

mind,
j

the

town

civic din behind

streams

retreats, where
me

Aonian
"

glide,

placed

happy by Apollo's side.

LX

XXIII.
his

He

resumes

the in his fine

he

melancholy tragedy of

subjectof
Sampson
and

blindness

Agonistes*,where
person

ments, lapathetically the cheerless

in the

of

Sampson,

dreary void,
the
common

left in his

bosom,
a

by being
fine
"

debarred
or

of pleasures of
a

day,

the

milder

influence and

lunar

sky.
!

Ossian

too, that sublime

in the pours tender out,
sorrow
same

patheticpoet
strain
"
"

ing participat-

with genuine feeling, calamity, richest his

as

in the of

of O

poetry, the

heart.

thou, that fathers,

rollest above, round

whence
are

the shield of my
;

thy
"

beams

sun,

whence forth in

thy thy
in

? everlasting light

Thou the

contest stars

awful in the the

beauty, and

hide
and

themselves

sky!

the
wave.

moon,
"

cold But

pale,sinks thyselfmovest
of

western

thou

alone ; who
"

can

be the

companion

thy course
the the
tains moun-

The

oaks

of

the

mountains

fall ;
years
;

themselves

decay with

ocean

sinks and

grows

again;
*

the

moon

itself is lost

L. 67"591.

94

world.
that

"

'The

flower-de-lis of France
a rose

was

lily,

of

England

; and

while the

coronets

of earls and and

marquisesare
those
of

composed
dukes
are

of

points

flowers, and

of

the floral,

decorations principal
of honour
we are

the

higherdescriptions
crescents.
a
"

and stars,eagles
a

When
to

would

welcome
and

hero

or

monarch scattered

his

home, boughs

flowers
of
our

are

in his

path:
"

and

many
an

ancient

festivals were
women men

celebrated under
nosegays

oak, the young

with

in their

hands, and the

young

with

oak-leaves in their hats.

LXXXV.
there Picardy, useful highly
"

In

Salencj,a
an

small

in village
a

stillremains moral Rose."

and interesting
"

and

custom.
"

It is called the
a

Festival of the
year,
"

On

certain

day

of

every

the

young
a

women

of the

assemble. village

After

solemn
woman,

before competent trial, who has conducted

most

that judges, herself the

young
most

and discreetly, the

gives the
decorated
an

affecting proofs of

generalinnocence

and
a

of her character, is simplicity

crown,

with

which, thenceforward, becomes

all her
roses.
"

object
a

of

prideto

family.
"

This

crown

is

hat,
the

covered

with

It

constitutes frequently

95 wealth of the wearer,

but

whole
far

the instances it has been

are
teemed es-

from

unfrequent,in which
the
most

honourable
"

recommendation
was

to:

wealthysuitor.
Medard,

This

custom

instituted
:
"

by-

St.

in the

fifteenth century
the and village,

He

was

sole

of proprietor

his sister the

"

fortunate time with

winner

of

the

prize. To original
of

the

of the all the

revolution this festival was

circumstances marked its

observed

and preparation

that solemnity,

primary institution,

thirteen centuries before *""-*-

LXXXVI. their love of

The
nature

ancient

indicated mycologists

by their transformations."to

Hyacinthuswas
a

fabled

have

been

turned

into

violet ;

Phaeton's
a

sisters into
"

and poplars,
not
un-

Daphne

into

laurel. their
"

Countries,too,
names

derived frequently

from

the
a

liarity pecu-

of their scenery;

and

there is not does

not

single

Department
its
from

in all

France, that
rivers and

acquire
or

from appellation
some

mountains,

feature distinguishing
"

of the soil and

country.

The

ancient

Britons
*

appear
27.

to

have

excelled

Note

96
all other nations in the which and
to

of spots,on appropriation and their

to
: villages
"

build
names

their towns
were

the

adapted

their relative
some

situations.
"

This

circumstance, in
an

degree,

serves

to

corroborate

old tradition amongst

them,

that
;

they
for it the

were

a colony from originally

Phenicia

undoubtedlyaffords
that similarity,
once

curious subsisted

indication of
between ancient

the old British customs

and those of the

at

Hebrews.
of

"

Bethany stood

the foot of from there in tuated si-

the Mount the dates

"

Olives,and derived its name

which palm-trees,
was
so

and

grew from

profusion. Luz
among

called

being
;

extensive groves

of almonds the

and

Moses

calls Jericho*, frequently its

city of palms
its
of from
town

from palm-trees,
and

plainbeing
derived in vines ;

fertile in

balsams

" .

Saron

its name

vale

being abundant
the the

Nairn, a
its

Galilee,from
and

of agreeableness

situation;

cityof Allon-Moreh,

in

Samaria, from

Dcuter.
ch.

ch. xxxiv.
i.
v.

v.

3.

Chronicl.
of

II.

ch. xxviii. which

was

v.

15. merly for-

Judges,
so

10.

"

The

balm in this called

Mecca,
now

much
a

cultivated
balsam

is city, Zakkoun.

totallysuperseded

by

speciesof

f Josephus Antiq. Lib. iv.

c.

f".

97 in what its standing

St. Jerome
were

calls

an

"

trious illusgreen ever-

in which vale," oaks.

"

largeforests

of

LXXXVII.
same

In the Welch

after language,

the

manner,
a

in

vale of

denotes a town, situated Dolgelly hazels : Aber a means invariably

scenery of

the confluence ; thus Aber-Glassllyn,

which
the

is

stupendous,means

"

the

confluence

of

Bluewater;" Aber-Contvay, Aber-Gavenny,

Aber-Tawe
situated
at

Aber-Honddy, and
towns
so

denote, that the

the confluences
and

are called,

of the

Tawe, the Gavenny, the Honddy,

"

the

Conway.
of

The

name

of

Bala,

in the county of
at

Merioneth, proves
a

it to be

situated
on

the outlet
of

lake:

"

Moel-y-Don,
the
"

the

banks

the

Menai,
name

means

Town
near

of the Waters

;" the
of the

of

PenmacJmo,
it to be
a

the falls of the Conway, the head

proves

at village

Machno;
from
same manner
a

while

Llan-rhaiadr
near

derives jtsappellative
a

beingsituated
as

in fountain,

the

from

clear and

its Capernaum acquired limpid spring.

"

name

LX
we

XXVIII.
the
n. names

Much
of

after the
men H

same

manner,
"

may

trace
vol.

and

women.

Barbara

98
the barberry-tree berberis, ; Rosa from

from rose;
a

the

Laura*

from

the

laurel; Lucy,from lucus,

rosa

grove;

Rosamond,
;

from

mundi,
a

the flower
;
;

of the world from relia

means
a

Agnes, from
cotton-weed

agnus,

lamb

lissa MeAu-

Greek
a

bee word, signifying a

;

Margaret, a pearl;
herb; Deborah
roe;
a Phillis,

a hartwort; Chloe,a Cecil,

green

is Hebrew

for
a

bee; Dorcas, a

leaf; Rachel,
Galatea
a

sheep;

and

Susannah, a lily.
"

is milk ;

Cynthia,the
field

moon

Jacintha,
of

hyacinth ; Saccharissa, a
a

peculiar kind
and

honey; Alih"a,
of engraft
a

mallow;

Jesse,an

tree.

"

LXXXIX.
derivations
:
"

The

names

of

men
a

have

similar

Valentine

means

strong bay-tree;

field of olives; Vincent,a small willow; Oliver, a

Otho,

an

herb, whose

leaves

are

full of holes

a Rupert, a rock; Sylvester, forest;Cyrus,in

the Persian,signifies young and word flower ;

sun

Neanthes,in Greek,
flowers
from the Greek
as

the gloryof Cleanthes, derived his

name

Alcibiades

alcibion, an
to

herb, which
a

operates
"

an

antidote

the bite of

serpent.

Note

28.

99
-

But
from

if the

men

have

derived

many

of their

names

smaller the

creations of nature,

they have

returned

and given to mountains, obligation,

names

the and forests, rivers,

of the

greatest and
"

wisest of their

heroes,and kings,

statesmen.

XC.

And while

here,my
You of frown

Lelius,I request your

tience, paof

I lead you !
"

through the
and

deserts

etymology.
"

is yet the subject

you I may be

not

so

barren
to

as entertainment,

inclined often

suppose; heard

neither
you your

can

forgethow
all the
most

I have

with ridicule,

point and

poison of
the

wit, one

of

the

orators distinguished

of the age, for

a

beingtotally
he

ignorantof
uses.
"

etymologyof

word single

Thus, rill, valley, ocean,

from the

lake and harbour

are

Latin

river, cascade, vale, rock,

are

forest,and
from from
from
"

fountain
;

from

the

French; lawn
;

the Danish the the

dale from

the Gothic the

garden

Welch;

glen

from

Erse; alcove

while

and from the Greek: cataract Spanish, dingle,hill,field, orchard, meadow,

stream, flood,sea,

spring, bower,
h2

and

wood,

are

100

from

the

Saxon.

"

Of

Trees,

poplar, peach,
French:

and lilac, are osier, cherry, pear, jasmine,

vine, sallow,laurel, arbute, cedar, juniper, tle, myrrose,

are

pine,alder,acacia,larch,and
the Latin
:
"

cypress,

from

the

oak, ash, elm, beech,

nut,

apple, plum, elder,bramble,

broom,

birch, box,

chesnut,walnut, holly, honeysuckle, yew,

aspen,

mulberry,
Saxon:
from
"

lime,
from

and

ivy, are
Gothic;
from fir,
tree

from

the

thorn,

the and of

horn-beam,
the

the the

Dutch; willow

Welch;
from

while

general name
"

is derived

the Danish. contribute

Of

those

which artificial objects,

scenery,
most

to

embellish

such of

as

bridge,
are

house, cottage, and

from

church,
Of the

them

the
to

Saxon. adorn

"

colours, which

tribute con-

all those

blue,red, white, objects,

and

yellow,are
and with

Saxon

purple,French
"

indigo,

Latin;
to

green,

German. what from

care

And the

it is curious fathers
of
our

observe

language selected
we

the various

tongues, when
these
we

that,of perceive,

the

synonymies of
and

jects obtrace

combined,
to

scenery

prospect
the

the

Latin, landscapeto
"

Dutch,

and

view

to

the French*.

Note

29.

102

almost

every
"

object of

nature

from

discordant

tongues !

XCII.

If from of
men,

individuals
we

we

ascend

to

munities com-

shall find the natural

nature

love

of mankind
"

for the
may be

of pleasures traced

still operating. and lages in vil-

It

in hamlets
"

;
a

in towns in any

and
of

in cities. the

There

is
of

scarcely Europe,
with
rows

square,
not

largercities plotsof

that is
beds

embellished

with

green;

of

flowers ; with
and

shrubberies,or

with

of chesnut

lime trees,

forming agreeable lic pub"

walks,and shady promenades.

this gratifying
one

In

innate

passion of

the

people
of

consisted celebrated
near

of

the

numerous

merits

the
path foot-

Kyrle." There
the town

was

scarcelya

of

Ross,
one

so

as situated, finely

it

on is,

cliff above
that
was

of the noblest
some

windings
or

of the

Wye,

not, in

way

other,

embellished

by

that benevolent

character.

"

Who

hung with
the to

woods who

yon

mountain's
the
waters

sultry brow
flow ?
"

From
Not Or

dry rock,
skies

bade

the

in useless

columns

tost,

in

proud

falls

magnificently lost,

103

But

clear and
to the

artless, pouring through the plain,

sick and solace
to

Health Whose Whose Who

"

the

swain."

causeway
seats

parts the

vale

with

shady
?
"

rows

the weary that

op

traveller

repose

taught
Man

heaven-directed

spire to

rise ?
"

The

Ross,"

each

lispingbalie replies.

Cesar, animated
Roman
a

by

desire of
them

the pleasing

people, bequeathedto
In the

his

gardens;
his

favour,for which they ever

"

after honoured

memory*.
crowds
to

present day,
oaks

they

resort
"

in

the green

of the

Borghese villa.
of Smyrna city

XCIII. in Asia
and the

The

walks,around
are

the

Minor,

as represented highly pleasant

on agreeable; particularly

the

west

side of
and

Frank, where
trees

there

are

groves

of orange

lemon

which, being clothed

The

with

leaves,
at

blossoms,and fruit, regalethree

the
same

of the

senses

time.
of the
to

"

public promenade,
at
as

on

the

banks

Neva,
as

St.

Petersburg, is
in the
are

sented repreAt

be

fine

any

world."

Berlin
are

the

squares,

which
are

the most

elegant,
and
trees ;

those,in which
entire

plantedshrubs

the

cityis

surrounded

by gardens,while

Note

30.

104

that

of

Vienna, whose

and dirty

narrow

streets

is encircled by a wide inspire nothingbut disgust, and beautiful appearance, field, having a singular
and such
as no

other

can capital

boast.

"

All the

for sort live, genteeler

the

most

part, within the

the suburbs in

ramparts in winter,but
summer.
"

among

"

XCIV.
the in
terrace

Nothing can
or

be

more

than agreeable,

Belvidere

of the
as

castle of Beziers
are

France, commanding,
the and the

we

told, a

most

enchanting prospect
to
town

of the fine country,

adjacent
runs

valley, (throughwhich
each and side, with

the

on Orbe,) rising gradually

ing form-

an

enriched amphitheatre, and

vineyards fields,

olives.
"

The
of

cityof Dijon,the ancient

of capital

the

Duke

Burgundy, has
and without studded with

most

lightful de-

walks,both
the streets and the
of

within
are

the town:
trees

Dantzic

;
"

inhabitants of

stately rows, walks,even

the in the

veral seBruges have planted agreeable forming as many

public market-place. Most

"

of

in France, cities,
"

are

embellished

with

public
and the

walks.

Those
on

at

the Esplanade Toulouse, particularly of

the banks
at

the

Garonne

promenade

Aix,

in

Provence, called

the Orti-

105

are belle,
"

as represented

delightful being exceedingly

at

The de

terrace, too,

Peyrou, and the fine. by olive trees, are remarkably

La Place
"

called Montpellier, shaded Esplanade,

-The

latterenjoys
from the

noble
a

domestic clear

while landscape,
may be
seen

former, on
the
west
waters

day,

to

the east
to

Alps, forming the

the

frontiers of
the

Italy ;

the

Pyrenees; to

south,the magnificent
sea!
"

of the Mediterranean

XCV. the Marina

But

of all the
of

publicwalks
is said Parks
to

in

Europe,
the

Palermo
"

possess

greatestadvantages. The
the Prado have
at

of

Westminster,
of The

Madrid,

the

Fields Elysian with it.

"

Paris,
rina," Ma-

nothingto
drive at

"

compare

says the Abate

Balsamo from

*, "

is the fashionable
wards toFelice,

Palermo
of

the Porta which

the Garden

Flora, to

all the

bility, no-

gentry,
"It is
a

and

resort carriages

every

evening.
centre

magnificentesplanade,in
a

the

of

which
hours

is

band

of
"

music,

which

plays several along the

shore, sea-

after

sun-set.
a

It extends
of fine

in front of
among

range
are

and palaces the

races, ter-

which

those of

Prince

of

State of

Vaughan, Sicily.

p. 11.

106

Butera, and
from

the

English

ambassador. of

"

Viewed
course con-

row thence,the triple

the carriages, full of

war: on

of and

the people,

harbour of

shipping,
the

several

Englishmen
and

right,

the rich country and

on

mountains

of the

Bagaria ;
of Monte

the

the huge left,

abrupt rock
with

fringedat Pellegrino,
and

its base

fine

woods,

the

superb

seat

of Prince

Belmonte, form,

a coup altogether,

(Tail

to equal,if not superior

any

walk public

in

Europe."-"
evinced also,

XCVI.

love of effect has been,

of
"

by several

founders

in cities,

the
was

disposition
an

of their several streets. square ; Ni7ieveh

a a

Babylon

exact

vid, of Daparallelogram ; the City

circle ; while

celebrated Cesaria,
erected

for itsport

and of
an

marble

was buildings*,
"

in the form
in
"

amphitheatre. Two
were

of the finest streets

the world

those

of ancient Alexandria.
can

Nothing
them. feet the
"

in modern

Europe
streets

compare
two

with

One

of these

was

thousand

in length from wide, reaching

the gate, called the

same

Canopus, to

the

sea:

"

the

of other,

intersected breadth,

it.
"

The

where place,

they

Josephus Antiq. Lib.

xx.

c.

13.

107

crossed

each

other, formed
were seen

square,

from

the

middle

of which

the two

gates, and
and

towards and resailing sailing ships,

the south.
"

the north

These

streets

were

decorated

with with

mansions, formed

of marble

and

porphyry ;
"

temples, obelisks,and
on cityof Taidu, rising

public buildings*. The

a

fine river in the

some measure

vince pro-

of

Kathay, seems
Babylon.
"

in
It
was

to have

resembled

erected

by the great
inhabitants
The
mode

Khan
from of of

of the

Tartary,and

suppliedwith
Cambalu. is city,
"

oppositecityof

adopted building,

in this
"

not

unworthy

European attention^.
of
a

Breda

is built in the
a

form

triangle ; Bourdeaux
forms

in that of the

bow,
"

of

which

the river Garonne

stantinop string. ConSea

a

standingbetween
the Sea of
"

the Black the form of

and

Marmora, rises in

trigon :
a

in the ascent, many

one

of the houses

have
on

view

of the have
a

sea, while of

those,situated
other
mean,
:
"

the

north,
are

view

the

but

the streets

narrow,
contrast

filthyand
to

forming a
of

lamentable
the

the

splendour
"

the

mosques,

palacesand caravanseries.

Note

31,

f Note

32.

lOS

XCVII.
for

Though
even

in the Sites convenience would

of

cities, a regard
not

beauty or

has

been
us

observed, which generally

to

almost

induce

imagine that they were

than of

the results of there

on are

accident,
which

rather

design*,
credit
"

some,

reflect considerable virtue admire and

from of

the

taste

and

public

their- founders. fine situation

While, therefore,we
of

the

the which
can

cityof Lisbon,
are

the
many

magnificentviews,
of its parts, who

exhibited

without reflect,
on

of feelings

indignationand
and
wantonness

contempt,
of

the could

wickedness

which folly,

prompt
as

Peter
a

of

Russia, so

far to

outrage nature,
fens and in the

to

raise

mighty cityupon
the lake

in piles,

swamps,

with the loss of innumerable

between
"

men,

Isthmus,

Ladoga

and

the

gulph

of Finland?

XCVII1.
of
was

The

Hebrews

were

remarkablyproud
in the

their

cities.
"

Engeddi,
by
Eusebius
"

seated

deserts,
and

celebrated
for its

for its

balm,

by

Solomon
"

vineyards f.
God
;
"

David

lem calls Jerusaof his ho-

the

City of

the mountain

Note

33.

f Song

of

Solomon,

ch.

i.

v.

14.

"r.

110

G.
was

The very the

ancient

Ptolemais,
"

now

called

Acra,
east

finelysituated, having, on
north, a rich and
extended

the

and

fertile plain; on itself to

were

the

south, a spacious bay Carmel;

on

Mount

the west, its walls

sea.
"

watered

by
the view

the Mediterranean summit

and

on Nantes, standing
a

commands of a hill, declivity for many

of all the

adjacent country
with small

miles

round,

while

below, the Loire

sweeps

its graceful course,

are a ber num-

decorated
of

in which islands,
"

gardensand
was

summer-houses.

The

scite of

Calcutta India

fixed upon because

by
he

an

agent of the East

charmed
upon

Company,
that

was

with

large umbrageous
on

grove, that grew

the spot,

which
"

great and

magnificent citynow
stands

stands.

The

cityof Valencia

in
"

one

of

the most

beautiful vales in all

the side of
a a

Spain*.
from

Brussels

rises on

and hill,

the ramparts
;

overlooks ancient
of of

rich and

luxuriant country
the
a

while

the

Palmyra,
in
"

richest and
vast

proudest city
tary soli-

the east, stood in

trees, and

devoid desert,totally
one,
two

possessionof only
Ramah
was

fountain +.
and hills,
to

built

on

high
of

the stranger wore

the appearance

Note

34.

f Note

35.

J 11

two

cities. Seville is so
"

that finely situated,

to

the

Andalusians
who have
*
"

do

not
seen

hesitate

say,
seen

that

those,

never

it,have
built upon

markable nothing re-

Genoa,

and hill, rising

held when bean wearingso captivating appearance, in its gulph,loses, however, by shipssailing much the of

its

beauty on
of

nearer

approach, from

circumstance
It

its

a possessing scarcely

tree." single

to the Italianprohas, according verb,

"Men land without

without

faith,sea
which
sea or

without
has
soever
a

fish,and
fine an*

trees:'" Barcelona
way

in effect, picturesque whether

it is approached

by

by land." Toledo
the
streets
riages car-

enjoysa
are

most

romantic narrow,

but situation, and

so

mean
are

and
seen

steep, that few

in them."

The

immediate country

round

the
as

of Bassora city
one

is represented in delightful

by

the

Arabs

of the most

all Asia:

"beyond

this

stretch regionof delight, however,

the deserts of
concave

Irak !" Nazareth

the top of
an

was

erected

in

on valley, on a

highhill" Ephefine prospect of

a

sus, seated

had declivity,

fertilevale, watered

by the river Cayster,rolling

"

Quien
ha

no

ha

visto

Sevilla,

No

visto maravilla.""

112

in

so

many

and graceful

eccentric curves, that the

the Lesser
a

Turks

have
"

of givenit the appellation

Meandres.
lake and
a

Alba

was

situated between
borders

large
being

mountain, the
on

of the lake

surrounded

three sides

by deep

forests.
"

CI.

Corinth
as

having two
a

havens, part
sea,

of the
as

cityhad

fine
of

view the

of the Ionian
"

the in
a

other part had

most

Egean.
was

Jezreel stood
the favourite the

and valley, agreeable the

retreat

of
once

kingsof
it is

Israel.
"

as Delightful

valley
used

was,
an

now

and uncultivated, totally

resort

only as
"

occasional
was
so

for

Arabian

herds! shep-

Baia

that the finely situated, each

Roman

vied nobility
its upon

with

other, in erecting
croached emulation,enocean

villas upon

cliffs, and, in
the borders
of this

their

of the
once

*.

"

The

present condition
thus described

celebrated
"

spot is

by Thomson.

There Her No

Baiae banks

sees

no

more

the

joyous throng,

all

beaming
now

with
bask

the

pride of
the

Rome:

generous

vines
the

along

hills,
main
: :

Where With

sport
baths

breezes

of the

Tyrrhene
no

and

temples mixt,

villas rise

Note

36.

113

\or Draw

art-sustained the cool

amid

reluctant of the

waveg,
.

murmurs

breathing deep
arms

No
No
From An A

spreading ports mighty

the almost moles

their sacred

extend

the

big intrusive storm,

"

calm total

station,roll resounding back.

desolation sits,
the coast.
"

dreary stillness, saddening all

Part Liberty."

1. /.291

in an sive extenAvignon though standing elevated plain,commands, from its more a finely variegated points, country ; the Rhone its fertile ing course meadows, aboundrolling through

CII.

in

while olives,
"

the feet of the hillsare

"

studded
as

with
calls

vineyards. Tibur
now it,

the

Proud,"
so

Virgil

called

had Tivoli,

many

scenerial

that Julius Cesar, Caius Casaccompaniments, sius, Augustus, Lepidus, Catullus, Propertius, had countryand many of the Roman nobility houses and there.
"

Adrian

erected
*

beautiful

villa,

called it Tiburtina queen,

was

Zenobia, the captive

her
to

Palmyrean
there

there

ended

days;

and

Horace months

accustomed
"

veral fpr sereside,

in the year.

Agrigentum was
for the Abate

culiarly pe-

well situatedfor commerce,

and for defence.
"

comfort,
Bal-

High rocks, as
*

Note
1

37.

VOL.

IT.

114

samo

informs

us,

screened

it from

the

north

sailants; aswinds,and presenteda strong barrier against

hills pleasant
on

sheltered

the

inhabitants

three sides without them

a

impedingthe
to

circulation of

air ; before

broad

watered plain, the

sea

by the
breezes,

Agragas, gave
and the and
to
a

admittance

noble

prospect of that awful

of the mouth
gay of

element
the

port layin view

the

river,

plainwas
"

lined with

and

populous

suburbs."

CIII.
two
are

Morocco
of

stands

in

formed valley,

by

ranges

high mountains, and

its environs

and

diversified by the shade of agreeably palms. The climate,in many parts

"

olives
of the

states

of

is too Algiers, and rapacious race

good
:
"

for such

nerate degein
stant con-

the fieldsare
trees

verdure and flowers

"

all the year, the of

some

always in leaf,

sort

or

other

alwaysin
a

som. blos-

The
of

is city
an

built

on

the side of

in hill, the

the

form

immense each has

sea.
"

and amphitheatre, other in

a

over houses, rising

terraces, regular

almost

every

house

full and

distinct view
on

ol

the Mediterranean in
common

hilh,
all the
"

the contrary, in

with
a

almost

towns

Flanders,

is situated in

dead

flat :

so

also is Amsterdam,.

115

with Petersburg, a marshy soil and an unhealthy atmosphere. The is from view, it exhibits, onlypicturesque of art.' Nature the Pont Neuf; but it is a picture displays nothing. Copenhagenhas littleof built upon
of wood, piles
" " "

like St.

but beauty,
;

the

gardens of
the

the

palace of

berg Rosen-

while

in nothing

of

Elsineur

those of
the

the pleases in Marie (Maria's delight) Li/st, Hamlet is

or city neighbourhood but eye of the traveller,

which
been

father of
:
"

reported to

have

murdered

sleepingin
My
custom

my

orchard,
afternoon,
uncle

always
secure

in the

Upon
With
And

my

hour cursed

thine hebenon

stole,
a

juice of
in the

in
ears

phial,

porches

of mine

did pour

The

leperous distilment.
Hamlet,
Act
x.

Sc. 5.

CIV. Grand its

Madrid

stands in
a

in

an

extensive
"

plain; singular
different

Cairo*

sandy one:
the

from
most

the top of

castle, however,
in all

finest and

view

the Egypt presents itself,

Cairo,

so

to those, who disagreeable

have

seen

London,
the
most

Paris, and

Edinburg,
under

is esteemed the

by
of !"

the

natives, "

magnificent spot
and city, the

canopy
world
1

heaven, the matchless

mother

of the

116

aspects of which,
the year,
are

at
as

the two
no

oppositeseasons
can city

of
"

such

other the

boast*.
was,
most
as

before Seringapatam,
are

conquest,

we

informed

by Major Dirom, the

tiful beau-

spot, possessedby any native

"

princein

India.

of possession Upon taking

it by the

Englishand
the

Mahratta

the magnificent chiefs, gardens of the

Sultan, and
became

island,in which
and

they
"

were

tuated, si-

bare

desolate !

CV.
has fame

The

lovelycountry,
a

in which

Spa stands,
the

in contributed, of its mineral the

great degree, to extend

:
"

waters

and

while

Palermo,

surnamed

called the happy, and frequently is a Golden Valley,and the Garden of Sicily, Aixt the completeschool of landscapein itself,
of Provence, stretches itself in capital provincial with environs, beautiful valley, a retired and romantic

beyond
commercial
in

! Aleppo, the most imagination of the west of Asia, and yielding city
"

populationonly to Smyrna,
stands in
a

Cairo

and
can

stantinopl Conbe of
seen

vast

and plain,
"

from

an

immense of this

distance.

From the

one

the

domes

are city

observed

snowy

sum-

raits of the

the Euphrates, and Bailan,

*

the

moun-

Vid.

Rollin.

US

"

Lux
each

et

Decus

Ausonia."
seven

"

Rome

and

Lisbon,
"

are

erected upon ranges

hills. adjoining

The three

former

itselfalong the
the
sea

Tiber, about
;
"

from leagues

of

Tuscany
of the

the

refreshed latter,

by
with

the breezes
an

Tagus

and

the Atlantic,
one

admirable

climate,commands

of the finest harbours from cities,

in all

Europe.

"

These

two

the natural
a

of and falling rising of interchange

their
shade

streets, present
and

continual

sunshine.

"

CVII.

Few than

cities are
the

more

approach,

entrance
a

in their agreeable into the Hague, in population

called, (like Lydda*),

and
;
extent

though village,
many

equal to

cities in Europe
and

where, after gliding along dull

with canals,
a

esting uninter-

succession
the

of

similar

objects
much

always before
Maison-deadmiration
to

the eye,

to the woods, leading

one

Bois, strike
and

every

with

as

as pleasure,

Buena

Vista^ affords

the

who navigator,

has

long had
This

nothingbut
also called

Josephus, Antiq.
the the

Lib.

xx.

"

village was

Diospolis,in
f
the One of

present day

LoudcL

Cape

de Yerd it

islands.
wears

"

It is

so

called
sea

from

delightful appearance,
"

to

ships at

"

Buena

Vis'.a meaning

good prospect.

clouds

and

water

to

regale his sight.

"

Who

can

refrain from the

which lamenting the policy, the

directed

destroying all
to

gardens
the ?
"

and

villas of the
still

beach, in order
more

render

cityof Cadiz

difficult of blind

approach
where
senses

Disagreeable sands
and

now

the eye,

gardens
;

shrubberies
was

once

delightedthe

and

so

extensive remains

this

that scarcely a devastation, island!

tree

in the

whole

CVIII.
one

Lima,

the

of Peru, capital all the world

;

stands
ing abound-

in

of the finest

plainsin
and
"

in orange

trees

and citrons,

well

watered

by rivers and

rivulets.

Florence
of every

rises in

plain,covered
It derives
"

with
name

trees

description.
"

its

from

the the

beauty

of

its environs. Petrarch

Parma,

watered

by
the

Po, lies, as
and

describes,between
below
and

Alps

the
and

Apennines,
the thunders the inhabitants

the
torrents

cascades of the

of the one, other

:
"

while

of Sion

in the Valover

lois, with
gates
a

pardonable vanity,inscribe
of
a

their

perverted meaning

passage of
"

in

ture, scripcity

intimatingthe
over

superiorbeauty
of

their The

those

of the

rest

the

world

"

Lord

120

loveth

the gates of of Jacob."

no more city,
"

Sion,
Than

more

than

all the tabernacles

sents pre-

Lausanne, Europe

scapes; landabounding in delightful de

so

than Vaud

is so

Vevay, nothing in the Pays beautiful and so captivating: and

"

abounding
charm German
some

in

every is

comfort

of
,

and life,
a

every

of scenery

Heidelberg*that
a

celebrated
"

exclaims,in unhappy
man

vein of

enthusiasm,
he

were

to

ask, where

ought
an

to

in order, live,
from
sorrow,
were some

now

and

then, to steal
"

hour
"

I would

tell him

Heidelberg;"
to

and which
crown

happy being
he

desirous

learn,
to

place
every

ought
of

to

choose, in
fresh

order

joy
"

life with

I garlands,

would

tell him

Heidelberg."
is almost concealed entirely the

CIX.

Friburg

by its hills:

it bursts

on unexpectedly

sight,

hanging on
The
banks
a

shaded precipices,

and by thickets, meadows.

"

with variegated

rocks, woods, and

at

public walks
of
a

Basle
with
a

extend

along
command meadows of

the

arched river,
over

trees, and

noble

prospect
"

long tract

and

fields.

At

Berne

is one

of the rinest prome-

About

four

leagues

from

Mi""fieim.

121

nudes

in all the of
a

world

"

while

Zurich,the

pital ca-

canton, called the

havingevery
banks of

land, epitome of Switzerof landscape, for which species

the

rises upon that fine country is distinguished,

a

noble and
Berne is
a

lake. expansive
"

The

lic publime
:

walk

at

terrace

with planted

trees, in the
from beneath

of neighbourhood the and branches is

the great church

seen
a

most

en-

rich chantingly
enormous even masses

fertile country, backed Grison

by
and

of the

mountains, covered,

in summer,

with

perpetual snow,
beneath.
masses
"
"

contrasted by finely
and eye,

the vivid colour of the woods

meadows,
on near

that lie stretched

enormous

The

surveyingthe
this the

of the

Alps
"

canton,"says Mons.
of
to

Zimmermann,
vast

one piled

upon

other, formingone mountains,

the and

and

chain uninterrupted

rearing
to

their
heart

summits lofty the

most

skies, conveys

the the

rapturous
soft and

delight! While

succession throw and

of

shades,which they lively

tempers the
as

around renders
"

the scene, the view

impression,
it is sublime.
can,
on

as agreeable, no

On

the contrary, this

heart feeling

close

view, behold

without
The mind

wall of rocks prodigious experiencing trembling. involuntary with affright their eternal contemplates
"

snows,

their steep ascents, their dark caverns,

the

122 which torrents, clamours

forests of
enormous

themselves precipitate
from their

with deafening

summits, the black

the
and

and that overhang their sides, firs,

fragments of rock,
torn

which
my

time

tempests have
continues I firstclimbed upon these

away.

"

How

heart

thrilled,"
"

this

and feeling writer, elegant through a steep and narrow

when
track

sublime
new

deserts,discovering, every
over rising

step I made,
while in
a

mountains

my

head,
me

upon

the least stumble

death menaced !
"

thousand

shapes below
in the midst reflect upon
power,

But

the
you

tion imaginaperceive

immediatelykindles,when
alone yourself
of of

this

grand scene

nature, and

these
and

weakness

of human

the on heights the imbecility of the emotions

the greatest monarchs!"" and excited reflections,

Such
and

are

contemplatingthe
Berne.
"

scenery

while experienced, the near city of

CX.

But

of

all

the cities,

most

one singular

is Moscow itself ; which, though seated in an tectural for archiextensive plain, affords greater variety in Europe, or than any other city design, perhaps in the world. Dr. Clarke's description and ^picturesque. of it is highlyanimated

in

"

"

"

Moscow

is,in

every

; as respect, extraordinary

123

well in
;

as disappointing

in

in

causingwonder
"

surpassing expectation and derision, pleasure

with spires, glittering and
an

and

regret.

Numerous

gold, amidst
appear several versts
we

burnished

domes of

paintedpalaces, plainfor
and you

in the midst before you

open

reach

the gate,at which look about where

entered.

"

Having passed,you
is become
of the

wonder
are

what
are

or city,

; and

ready to ask, how

will tellyou,
"

cow far is it to Mos-

?
"

They

this is
a

Moscow;"
and

"

and

you

behold

but nothing

wide

ed scatter-

brick walls, suburb, huts,, gardens,pigsties, timber yards, churches, dunghills, houses, warepalaces,
and
to
a

refuse,as it were,
an

of

ficient sufmaterials,
towns

stock

empire with
"

miserable

and

miserable
states

One villages.

might imagineall
sent
a

the

of

Europe
of

and

Asia had

ing build-

by
under

way

this

to Moscow, and, representative the eye is presentedwith impression,

deputiesfrom
timber
huts

all

countries, holding congress;

the Arctic and their
mosques
;

regions beyond palaces from Sweden plastered

from
not

mark, Den-

white-washed
from

since

arrival;
from Bu-

painted walls

the

Tyrol;

Constantinople;
charia;

Tartar

temples from
; dungeons,

and virandas, from pagodas, pavilions,

; cabarets

China

from

Spain

prisons,

124

and

from France; offices, public

architectural trellissesfrom

ruins from

Rome;
and

terraces

and

Naples;
CXI.
the

warehouses

from

Wapping*."

LONDON

is
"

admirablysituated
The
most

for

purposes

of trade.

picturesque Hampstead
park on is,of
are

views of this great

and
on

are city

from

the

Highgate hills on
the

the

north, the Surrey hills

the its these
"

south,and
"

from

Greenwich

south-east.

The

last of

views
There

kind,the
scenes

finest in all the world.

more

other

in nature, far
to

beautiful and

sublime,
the

in reference fix upon

any

but landscape;

it is impossible to

spot in the entire globe, where

a

excited by reflections, created

combination varied and

by man,

are

so

objects, profound; and

of

which those reflectionscreate, where the emotions,

are so

merable innuHere and transporting. powerful evidences bear witness to the astonishing
" "

powers

of
to

man, prove

and the

operate,

as

so

many

ments, argu"

other scenes,
to

it is the

of his origin. In divinity of Nature, that speaks God Genius

of

us;

in

it is the this, the

Man. has

"

All the

that wealth,

of industry
to

nations

gathered
us;
"

seems together,

be

extended

before
"v

and

Trojafuit! March 24,

1813.

126

Nile, erected
after founded

the first

and cloister, regular

soon

eightothers

in the deserts of Thein

a

bais: while

"

St. Hilarion lived

forty years

desert*; Syrian

Simeon
a

the Stylites,

celebrated in

shepherd,on
either
of

feet column, sixty the heat of summer, for

a

moved height,un-

by

or

the cold
"

lived winter,

period of thirty years^.

hermits,
of
tirement, re-

His

and followers,

those of all the earlier

the as anchorets,and ascetics, sought, the most

most

seats

uncultivated
"

and solitudes, process of

the

sterile wildernesses.
taste

In

time,

however, the
and the

for

natural beauty

improved,
other

founders

of

and abbeys, priories,

houses, became religious

the
most

remarkable

for

selecting

situations delightful

for the

theatres of

their devotion ; and, havingonce

established themselves,
in the the

they were
art

far from

being deficient

of

improving the
chosen.

natural

advantages of

spots, they had

CXIII.
one

The

order of Carmelites of mendicants.

ever
"

constituted

of the four orders

They

barred de-

themselves

from

possessing property ;

Vid.

St. Jerom. Theodoret.

torn.

i. 241. Patrum.

+ Vid.

in Vit

ifb. ix.

851.

127

they never
themselves

tasted
to

animal

food; they habituated

were

manual
or

labour;

constantly
continued
to

engaged in
in
the

oral

mental
from

prayer ; and the hour

silence religious third

of vespers
"

portion

of the
use

succeedingday.
of meat,
was,

The
some

the law, forbidding

in

degree,mitigatedby
Pius ; in consequence
this regulations, the
names

the of

popes

Eugenius
and into the
a

and

which,

few

other under

order

divided and

two,

of
"

the The

moderate

Carmelites.
two

Benedictines

bare-footed ed always walkin the

fectory; re-

and

two

they never
the
seven

conversed
same

in singly slept their devotions in Lent

a

dormitory; performed
in
a

times of six.
"

day ;
had

and but

fasted till the hour their

They

slight coveringto
their

beds ;

in slept of
"

their

and clothes;
two

wardrobe and
a

consisted

only
The

coats,

two

cowls,
were

handkerchief.

Dominicans
as

the

most

infamous, as well

the

most

celebrated
"

and

powerfulof

all the

monastic secular

orders.

at all times,to their Attentive,

was

there interests,
not not

not
a

crime,of which
to

they

were

nor guilty,

meanness,
to

which
their

they would influence, or

of

stoop, in order

augment
"

ence Differenlargetheir possessions. opinionthey stigmatised as heresy;and

12S

and fraud, treachery,

never hypocrisy,

ceased

to

persecute, under
the
cause

the assumed
"

motives

of zeal for fessed pro-

of

religion.The

Franciscans

poverty, yet, by the bounty of the popes,

they

were

amply compensated by papal

"

indulthe

gencies. These
meek of spirit

orders, much

as

they belied
as

their

Master, base
common

many

of their

followers
the

became, in

with

the

chins, Capu-

and Basilians, fix upon the

the
most to

seldom Cordeliers,
beautiful
erect
"

failed

to

and

turesqu pic-

spots,

on

which

their

teries, monas-

convents, and
not neglected
to
use

hermitages. In Italythey
their of privilege

selection.
"

Almost

every
was

house, therefore,in religious

situated agreeably

that

country,

*.

CXIV.

The

abbey

of Vallombrosa

was

erected

by

Florentine

(Giovanni Gualberto) enthusiast,

a

of who, captivated by the solemnity heart of the gave

in vale,

the

Apennines, forsook
a

the

world, and only

vaded per-

to celebrity

spot, tillthat
silence
"

known period

for the

profound
f.

and
town

that solitude, of

its woods

The

which Salerno,

Note

39. MTWon

f Vallombrosa

means

shady vale.

cpmpares

tin-

129 full of

stands houses.
"

most
"

was delightfully,

religious
house,
"
"

To

whom,"
whom

enquired the president"

that beautiful

Dupaty,
situated monks." monks."
"

"to

does

on

the top of yon

hill, belong?"
the
at
"
" "

To

"And
"

that the To

on one

"To declivity?"
the The
are

"

And
"
"

foot
monks
ten

of

yon then

eminence?"
possess

monks."
"

all Salerno?"

There

convents;

five
a

parishes ; one
"

two bishoprick,
are
so

and seminaries,
convents

chapter.
that

There

many
a

in the the harbour!""

town,

there

is

not

siugle shipin

CXV.

To

love
owe

of

scenery
of origin

and

retirement
"

the Carthusians Two

the

their order.
were

natives of Genoa, brothers,

to

earlyin
many
one

wedded life, voyages,

wrote
to

the naval

After profession.
"

which

occupiedas
to

many

years,

the

from

Genoa
return to

his

brother, at Marseilles,
town.
"

solicit his
no answer

to

his native

ing Receivtook underof his

his affectionate

he letter,

to enquireinto journey

the motives
of

brother's

silence.
"

"

am

weary

commerce

number brosa

of fallen

spiritsto
autumn.

the

leaves,

that

fall in
"

Vallom-

during
H.

the

VOL.

130

and

said navigation,"
my

his

brother,"
the mercy

I will of the

no

longer trust
"

to safety

ments. ele-

I have

fixed upon resolved

and
to

the borders

dise, of Para-

where of my

am

spend

the remainder

days in

peace,

where
my
to

I shall wait with

"

the period of tranquillity him brother's requesting led

death."

Upon

his

him

to

himself,he explain Montrieu, situated in a deep valley,

with
"

embosomed

wood,

whence

issued

tude multi-

of rivulets. The scenery, and for the

charms

of the

surrounding
culated cal-

the awful silence of the spot, so induced retirement,

of

low the latter to fol-

example

his

brother,and havingsold
the order of Carthusians, up
to

their estates, they founded and

gave

themselves

meditation

and

devotion*.

CXVI.
of and than

To

say

of nothing
on

the

houses religious of the Rhine

a

Germany,
the

situated who

the banks

Danube,

could exhibit

finer taste,
at

the founders

of the Carmelite
of the monastery

convent

the

or Battuecas-j-,

and
a

hermitages
sequestered picturesque

of Montserrat? and valley,

"

the

one

situated in
on

the

others

the

most

Vid.

Life of Petrarch, p. 207.

**

f Note

40

131

elevation in all

Spain:
"

than

the founders

of the

Capuchin

convents

at

Scicli and

Chiaramonte, in
of Cordeliers

the island of
at

than Sicily?"

the convent the

Werstenlein, and
?
"

hermitage of
on

des

Croix

in Switzerland

or

of those

the eminences,

the Loire, between overlooking and Ancennis ?

Angers

Than

the

situation of
be
more

the

monastery,
"

near

Albano, nothingcan
in the

admirable.
this
so

ing Walk-

garden, belonging to
Baroness

religious
there
pression ex-

house, the
at

Stolberg was
sublime her
scene,

astonished

the

beautiful and

which

that presented itself, of her

voice

failed in the she

admiration,and

continued

several days! speechless

CXVII.

No could

lywell, spot, in the neighbourhoodof Hohave

been better

than selected,
of

the

one,

on

which

stood

the

abbey

Basingwerk,
fine view hills of found the
be

rising among
of

rich pastures, and

having a

the

Dee, the cityof Chester, and

"

Lancashire.
a more site,

Nor, in Hampshire, could

suitable for
now

religious contemplation,
the ruins of

than

that, where

stand
k

Netley

132

screened Abbey, partially

by wood,

on

the shore*

of the

Southampton

water.

The

of Flanesford, once priory black

canons

inhabited

by

societyof
in
a

of

St. the its

Augustine,stands
rocks,
on

fertile

vale, beneath

which

Goodrich
"

proudly elevates
Cistercian

pointedfragments.
bosomed the spot, which residence
of

The
a

abbey

of

Whitland,
near

in
was

stood sequesteredvalley,
once

the

favourite the

summer

the

greatest,because
tish

best,of all the Cambro-Bri-

monarchs,
of

"

Howel
"

Dha, abbey
of

the Solon
of

nian and Justinear

Wales.

The

Cym-Hir,

Rhaidr-guy in
were,
at

the county
a

Radnor, sleeps, as

it

the foot of

watered deep, woody valley,

over

by
form

the

Clewedog,

which
a

high
and

mountains

themselves

into

grand

noble

theatre. amphi-

CXVIII.
more

No

spot could
in admirable stood

have

been

selected,

abounding
that,on
a

accompaniments,
once priory,

than

which

the small

belongingto commanding
of the Snowdon

of Franciscans, at Llanfae;"; society

view magnificent

of the

north

end

chain,and

an

admirable

prospect

134

CXIX.
beautiful

As
and
so

the abbey of Tintern is the

of picturesque is the

most
numents, mo-

all our
one

Gothic
of
more

situation
"

the

most

and sequestered in that the

One delightful. of scenery,

of

ing aboundexcites

kind peculiar sensations

which

mingled

content,

and religion,
"

to behold. enthusiasm,it is impossible

Colonna

has

never

wandered

among but ruin,

the

ing woods, surround-

this venerable
a

he has wished
never

himself
upon

he landscapepainter;

has

sat

its

broken

columns,
its

and

beheld
and
he

its mutilated

ments, frag-

waving
of forsake

arches

decorated pillars, the wish

with

festoons

ivy,but
the

has formed and

to entirely

world,
of

give himself
"

up
man,

to

the
my

quietstudies
Lelius,too
emotions?
too not.

philosophy. Is
Is there

there
ful, power-

too great, too rich,

"

for
too

these

one

too

rant, igno-

vain, and Envy

would
or

presumptuous
"

to

indulge

them?

"

him
not

From
one

him

the the

of pillars
massacre

Palmyra
of
no

draw

sigh ;

Glencoe,
tear!
"

the
you

Sicilian vespers such him

"

would
my

elicit
"

Know
"

man,
no

friend?

shun with

him him.
"

despise
He
erect

have

intercourse blood
to

would

squander the

of the

or villager,

altars of sacrifice

the

cious avari-

cod of his idolatrv.

135

CXX.

In the year

****,

gentlemanof familyof

land Hol-

sought permissionof

the

the De

Corinks,to ningaard, near

erect

small

hermitage,at
"

DronHe had

the

cityof Copenhagen.
of his country ; he had
court

fought the battles

in the bustle of
a

mingled
he
was

; he

was

rich,and

honoured.
"

"

One

fatal step marred

"

all his

piness. hap-

He

married!

But, marryingto gratify

weary

his

ambition, he
life.
"

became

and

disgusted
he
was

with

Travellinginto
the

Denmark,
beauties

with captivated
and ningaard, in
"

romantic

of Drona

obtained

to permission
a

erect

cell

small
was

wood, consisting only of

built few of paces his
moss

few of

pines.
birch his the

Tt
"

and

the

bark

trees.

from
own

this

cell,he dug
and
on

dormitory with
designedfor
THE

hands,
engraven

caused
a

epitaphto following
his

be

stone, he

monument.

HERMIT'S

EPITAPH*.
scenes

Here

may
at

he

rest, who, shunning

a

of life.

strife,

Enjoy'd
The And

Dronningaard splendour
ardour of

hermit's
a

faithless all the

court

he

knew,

of the

tented
not

field,
untrue,

Soft And

passion'sidler charm,

less
can

all,that listless luxury

*

yield.
"

Translated

by

William

Hayley, Esq.

136

He

tender love tasted,

thy

chaster
mere

sweet

;
"

"

Thy
To

promised happinessprov'd Hymen's

hallow'd
the

deceit

fane, by
he

Reason

led,
of

He

deem'd
ever

path

trod, the path

! from

bliss;
bred,

Oh

!
Its

mourn'd
was

mistake

interest

dupe

plung'd
offered

in

misery's abyss

"

But Her

Friendship

him, benignant
darkest

power, hour.
"

cheering hand,
this shaded
the

in trouble's

Beside Bade

stream,

her

soothing voice

disconsolate
in his heart
content
no
so

again rejoice:

Peace The
calm

revives, serenelysweet;
sought for
as

his

choice,
"

Quits him

more

in this beloved

retreat.

In for

this total seclusion several

years. the
eve
"

the

enthusiast

resided

The of
a

Stadholder,however,
war,
"

being upon
and
to

wrote

him
not

letter,

desired

his assistance. call.

"

He

did

hesitate

obey

the

On

the

previousto evening,
farewell address
so

his

departure, he
spot, in which
and
content.

his gratitude to signalised

to

Dronningaard,by writinga
the he
"

had

enjoyed

much that the

repose reached

The

first account, the

Denmark,

after

departure of
he
of

unfortunate covered
"

recluse, was,

that

had

fallen,

with
a

glory,at
to

the head his

his

regiment!
Danish hermit-

As

testimony
erected in
a

virtues,his
his adjoining

friends

grove,

137 small tablet of

age,

marble, on
to

which

was

scribed in-

his farewell address *. Dronningaard

the

of landscapes

CXXI.
never

Scenery,among
fails
to

itsother beneficial results, which regard,

"

increase the
one

is

entertained by every
Inhabitants extended of wild

for his native country.

and

desolate

of long regions, and of the

of heaths,of plains,

moors,

can busy city,

transport themselves
the

into the most stillfind fields and streets, resembling

at
are

distant
and

of regions

globe, and
moors,

and heaths,and plains,

to awaken, those,they have quitted,

all intervals, connected

are

the

which associations, agreeable their native land.

"

with

These exalt to

ciations asso-

ardent, but they never

that

wild and

ungovernable transport, which

and the the inhabitant of
even

animates
a

the mountaineer
at valley,

tered seques-

mention,or

the recollection rivers and

of their

their rocks, their glens,

"

their mountains.
of

Hence

we

that the natives find, of

have Switzerland,

Wales,

of

Scotland

and

been, in
for
an

every

period of
not

their

remarkable history,
their native country,

attachment,

onlyto

Vid. Totlr

round

the

Baltic, p.

248.

138

but to their native

This passion, however, village.

"

is so

that general, but

no

country,
with

even

if it were

sert, de-

is remembered
"

pleasure, provided
God
ployed em-

itis our made

own.

The

that Ethiopian imagines, while angels were deserts,

rest
a

his sands and

in

forming the
on

of the

globe!
"

The

Maltese, insulated
island by the while

their rock, distinguish

"

of appellation the
a

the Flower

of the and for

a

World;"

and he

Greenlander, wild

stupidas

is,has

sovereign contempt
esteem

stranger, the Caribbees

and paradise,
name

their country entitled

to

themselves
!
"

alone

the

of

man

The

Mandingoes
most

of Africa consider

their

the province

and delightful, in the world.

"

selves themThe scribe in-

the

happiestpeople
of

Norwegians, proud
upon and world Much their whatever
among

their barren
"

summits,

rix-dollars,spirit, lour, valoyalty,

is

honourable, let
rocks

the whole
"

learn
more

the

of

Norway*."
a

pardonableis
he
"

the

prideof
Bay

litan, NeapoNaples,

when
and

" exclaims,

See the

of

dief!"
It is
remark ingenious

CXXII.

an

of

writer

Note

41.

Note

42.

139

upon is

the Atlantis of the

Plato, that
remembrance

the of

golden age
a

nothing but
but

country,
affection.
all
over

abandoned,
"

still the

objectof
in life^
ceases

fond

The

African,torn

from

his country, from

a

the endearments the

western

of social
never

clime far
to

ocean,

sigh for

the

shore,he

has been him

to

and compelledto quit;

to

his affection

induces he will
return

believe, that,after death,

the of delights occupa%
of his former

his native scenes,

his

and family,
"

the theatre the by. of

on our same

tions.

Actuated board
some one

belief, a

Greenland
ceeding pro-

boy

on

after ships, English

was

way

the voyage,
to

seized with
snows.
"

violent desire to return

his native

Animated
was

by this hope,he leapedinto

"

the he

sea

and

drowned,

persuaded, that fully

to

should,

after

death,be conveyed
and the
arms

the haunts

fancy, of his in-

of his

parents.
"

CXXIII.

The

PortugueseJews kingdom
called of

have

an

dent ar-

affection for the Lisbon

Portugal.
"

For
cessity ne-

when they sigh, into other

by business
when
a

or

and countries,

settled far
of quantity

from

their dear
be
sent

Portugal,they order
over,

earth to
may be

that,when

they die,they
soil.
"

buried

in

their native

The

late

140

Lord
"

Fife entertained The

similar his

regard for
The

land. Scot-

house,in which

Lordshipresided,
"

at

Westminster,was
stone, the

built by himself.
and
"

earth,
all

the

timber

the

shrubs,were
stood

broughtfrom
resided in

Scotland.

So house

though his Lordship

on

England, his

Scottish

ground !
"

was lively Equally

the love of General

Eraser

for the country of his killed

at

nativity.This officer,
"

who

was

in Sarratoga,

the memorable
was

pedition ex-

of General
to

Burgoyne,

so

warmly

tached at-

his native
Fort

Glendoe, situated village,

one

two

miles

from

Augustus, in
his he fall,
be

of

the most little

beautiful parts of the time

that
to previous

Highlands,that,some
declared buried in
to
one
a

friend,
of

he

would
of the

rather

the

groves

mountain, looking towards Abbey

!
"

Loch

Ness, than

in Westminster

CXXIV.
of commerce,
"

Has upon what

any

one

succeeded
or

in the world
a

the ocean,

in

distant

try? coun-

with

pleasuredoes
spend
the
"

he which

retire to have
never

his

native
been

the landscapes of village,

to forgotten,

remainder Are
we

of

his

retirement! days in peaceful

"

miserable?
we

with

what

do melancholy delight

recal
we

to

mind

the few

short and

happy

moments,

have

142

one assuredly, spective causes, is,

of the most

teresti in-

in allLucan. of

"

to Replying

the

enquiries nions, opiand

Cesar, Achoreus
which the
most

enumerates

the various

travellers and enlightened

had philosophers
causes

entertained of the source,

of that great river*.
"

of the overflow
to

Some

attributed them

the pressure
fountains ;
some

of

the
to

planet
valence pre-

Mercury
the waters
some

upon

the

the

of the Etesian
to
run

winds f

others conceived
of

from

the mountains

pia; Ethioof

that spaciouschannels imagined, the

water

rolled under its

waves

soil;that
pores

the

sea

nuated insi-

through the
fed

of the earth ;

or

that the river was returned

"

by

the

which exhalations, medium

were

to

the ocean,

through the

of the Nile.

CXXVI.

These

were

the causes, of
a

for assigned ver discoCamthose

the increase and the fountains

diminution
of

to river,

which,

Sesostris
men.
"

and

byses sacrificed innumerable

*

What

Lib.

x.

"

Vid.

Diodorus

Siculus,Lib.
Orientale
i.
"

xi.

"

Consult
and

also Xie-

U'Herbelot's buhr

Bibliotheque
en

Art.

Nile,

Voyage

Arabie,
vi.

torn.
"

p. 100.

f Lucretius, Lib.
than
"n

1. 712.

Nothing
the

can

be

more

absurd,

this
these

opinion
winds
are

of

Lucretius, if

observations of"Plin\
xvin. c.

correct.

Vid. Lib.

28.

31.

143

monarchs, manicus,
so

with

Alexander*
so

and

Cesar

and

Ger?
at
countering en-

long and
innumerable

desired, was ardently

a

lengthaccomplishedby
Mr. Bruce stood

man! single

"

After

difficulties and the spot, which

dangers, had, for

reach

upon

been centuries, thirty of At enterprize.

"

considered
the
source

beyond the
of

the the

most

brated cele-

of

the thoughtsof rivers,

traveller, by
and der his

virtue of that
us lights

which association,
to

governs

all,reverted
"
"

the

of landscapes says

native country ! of what

was

now,"

he, "

in possession

had,
my

for many

years, been
and

the

cipal prinference, indif-

object of

ambition
the usual for
a

wishes;

which, from
nature,

of infirmity

human

at least follows,

time, complete enjoyment,

it.
"

had
the many
"

taken

place of

The

marsh

and

fountains, upon
of
our

comparison with
a

the rise of my in

became rivers,

in trifling object

sight. I
my
own

remembered

that

magnificentscene,
rivers I

country, where
rise in
one

the

Tweed, Clyde, and

now

Annan
not

three hill;

thought

inferior to the Nile in

to beauty; preferable

it in the cultivation of

those

countries, through
xx\.
"

Vid.

MaximusTyrius,
his journey
III. C. -i.
"

Dissert. Africa
to
xi.

Arrian
cause*.

and

Justin
rian, Ar-

attribute Lib.

into

other
c

Vid.

Justin, Lib.

11.

144

which

tbey flow

vastly superior, superiorto it,

of qualities the
and inhabitants,

in the virtues and in the beauties in peace, beast.

"

of its flocks, crowding its pastures

fear of

without
seen

violence

from

man

or

I had and and

the rise of the Rhone

sources magnificent

and

the

Rhine, Soane;
"

the I

more

of the
treat
a

began, in
source

my

sorrow,

to

the

about enquiry

the

of the

Nile, as
"

violent the
;

effort of

distempered fancy* !"

Such

were

traveller of this enterprising thoughtsand feelings the feelings, and natural consequence
a

of

our

tion, organizathe

in exhibiting, all

striking manner,
the

vanityof
of vanity

wishes, and earthly

comparative
was

all earthly ! And pursuits of

yet

the circumstanc

having succeeded

in the

object of

his adventurous

the gloryand journeythe pride,

"

elevation of his life.

With rise and

what

has felicity of this

"

Thomson

described floods!"
"

the

progress
his
two

king of

From Pure Of

springs,in Gojain's sunny

he

realm,
lake

welling out,

through

the

lucid

fair Damhea
the

rolls

his infant

stream.

There, by
His

Naiads

nurs'd,
the

he

sports

away

playfulyouth, amid
*

fragrant isles,
43.

Note

*"

145

That

with

unfading verdure
the manly
a

smile

around.
:

Ambitious, thence
And

river breaks

gathering many
all the

flood,and
treasures

copious fed
of the

With Winds

mellowed

sky,

in

progressive majesty along :

now

Through splendid kingdoms

Now
wanders wild
o'er
;

devolves

his maze,

tracts solitary

Of life-deserted The

sand

till, glad

to

quit
rocks,
his urn,
"

desert,down joyless

the Nubian
to

From
And

thundering steep Egypt joys

beneath

steep, he pours

the

spreading wave.

Summer.

CXXVII.

In

the

bosom

of the

unfortunate the love

of
a
a

but Burns,that splendid

eccentric meteor!
a

of country burned

with
"

to that force, equal

"

Cicero
Scotch

or

Chatham.

The
a

of appellation

bard," says he, in

is by far my it my
most

letter to Mrs.
"

Dun-

lop,
scenes

"

highest pride.

To
"

continue Scottish
I should
to

to deserve

exalted ambition.

and
to

Scottish story are

"

the themes

wish

sing.
power,

I have

no

dearer

wish,than
unfit

have

it in my

unplaguedby routine
knows

of business

(forwhich Heaven
make sit on

am

enough), to

leisurely pilgrimages throughCaledonia,to the fields of her battles, the to wander on

banks of her
or

romantic

and rivers,

to

muse

by

the

towers stately
VOL. II.

venerable
i.

ruins,once

the ho-

146

noured
"

abodes of her heroes."

! my

"

This

was

denied!
ding shed-

Oh

if you Lelius,
over

have of the

in pleasure

tears
or

the tombs

good, the brave,

a

the exalted in

intellect, spare

few

to

the

mory me-

of this ill-treated and

unfortunate

victim

to

strong, indignantand
memory

to energetic feeling;

the and
"

of

the genius,resembling his the

wild

of magnificentlandscapes
man,
as

native
common

land;
herd

much

superiorto
robbed him

of

that reptiles, in
more a

ment of his flashes of merrias

petty country town,

he

was

to

those his
to

who associates, dignified

drew

him

from him

native wilds

chained by their applauses,

an

their tables in

and havingsatisfied expensive city, of

their love loathsome

notoriety,
"
"

cast

him, like

weed, away."of Burns

Oh!

land Scotland, Scot-

! the fate !
"

sits

heavy on

science thy con-

CXXVIII.
scenery Bruce.
to
our
"

Equally enamoured
the and elegant

of

Scottish Michael
ever

was

unfortunate

The

lake of Loch-Leven

will be

dear

as imagination, beingan objectof

ment attach-

to

that amiable

poet.
" "

This
on

lake

abounds ross, Kinsome

in the most

lovely scenery
by
a

the side next

it is bounded

in plain,

which

are

147
the other

open
centre

groves ;

on

are

mountains

in the

of the lake is the island of St.

Serfs,in
"

which
to

formerlystood
"

an

ancient

dedicated priory,
are

St.

which on Servanus,and another,

"

the ruins
a

of

Douglas castle.
writer attractive

spot

so

beautiful," as
"

modern stillmore and

on

elegantly says,

and

rendered
of childhood

by the associations

early youth,would
of

necessarily impress
our

the

heart susceptible

young

poet, the
when

most

and and endearing sensations, lively

far distant from when it was

a

his humble

shed and

tender parents,

under suffering
of
no

sickness and sorrow,

consolation his

the

of pleasures

kind to recollect vulgar native vale,to paintin glowing and landscapes, his
name
ere

colours its delicious

faded tintings fairy local should "To from
a

the

view, to give them

in which strains, his
and
we

habitation

and

immortalize
these

his memory

genius."
for the
:
"

are impressions

indebted

beautifully descriptive poem

poem, which does the poet, and the

of Loch-Leven
to
"

equal honour

the heart of

muse

of Scotland.

CXXIX.

The

name

of
to

our

country, heard in

land, givesrise foreign

of

and feelings
"

tions associa-

and regret! pleasure

l2

St.

Pierre,when

146

in the Isle of issued under

"

France, often amid

the
breast

the

which sighs,

from

of

Frenchman, sitting
him
claim ex-

the shade
"

of

banana, has heard

but
see one

If I could
"

I violet,

should

be
was

happy :"
neither
an
a

but

in that ill-starred island, there

flower in the

meadows,
"

nor

plant

of

odour agreeable

in the fields.

CXXX.
scenes

In the gay,

as

well

as

in the

gloomy ened enlightmembered re-

of

these associations life,

are

indulgedby
The

minds. and accomplished elegant

"

Akenside,

amid

the

luxuryof London,
land of Northumber"

the romantic

scenery

with the liveliest pleasure.

ye Northumbrian

shades, which
and
the

overlook falls
;

The
Of

rocky pavement, solitaryWansbeck's

mossy
stream

limpid
your

How

gladly do
of all

I recal

well-known

seats,

Beloved When

old, and
for

that many
your

time, delightful
a

alone,

summer's

day,
led
"

1 wandered In silence

through by
some

calm

recesses,
unseen.

powerful

hand

But
are

in peaceful if, moments,

these associations
moments

in indulgedwith pleasure, and

of

row sor-

theyare, despair,

not

the ufifrequently,

150

Melts
And

at

the
a

long-lostscenes
martyr
to

that round
"

him

rise,

sinks

repentant sighs.
Pleasures

of Memory.

As, lingering along the battlements

the fortress,
a

of
a

foreign

moon,

from rising

behind

cloud,or

mountain

in the east, on his lies, with

eyes

which
are

side his beloved

Switzerland breast heaves

filled with tears, his he turns and from the

"

and sighs, silence and

impressive landscapein
He
the ramparts, quits

in agony.

wandering along the

his recollection

fosse,that littlestream
Lucerne, he flies
sorrow

to recalling

the beautiful lakes of of

to

Constance, Zurich,or

his

companions to
boisterous has heard the
"

drown
"

his
A

in their wild and

revelry.
same

fellow

countryman,
same

who

and air,

felt the

emotion, meets looks, the

grasp each

him.

They
their

know, by each
mutual
and

other's

nature

of

feelings ; they
into tears.
"

other's hands had

a

burst

The

which air,
at

at

first

thrilled their
no

souls,is again heard

distance ;
the east ;

word

is

spoken ; they pointtowards

duties of their post and ;

they quitthe

the

thought

of their country alone

escape

their hearts, they occupying

the
next

the
on

guard,and
to
"

morning surprises
*

them

the road

Switzerland
Note
4-3.

!
"

151

CXXXII.
to

An
a

in effect,

some

measure

similar

that,which
de

Swiss

the experienceson hearing

of
an

Rans

Vaches,
"

is recorded

air,sung
fifteenth

by
tury, cen-

the Moors.
a

In the

middle
made

of the in
a

prohibition was

Grenada, relative
Moorish

to

the fine

written by ballad,
of

poet,

on

the

conquest
and

Alhama.
"

"

It stillexists in

nish, Spa-

begins thus.

Pass"avase

el

Rey
de

Mora

Por Desde Hasta

la ciudad las

Grenada

puertas de Elvira

las de

Bivarambla,

Ay de mi, Alhama."

When
French

this ballad

was

sung,

as

we

are

told

by

whether writer,

in Arabic

or

in the Moorish floods who dear of

language,it caused
tears, that it seemed,
had it, in
was as

such

immoderate
person,

if each
was

heard
to

lost

that, which
"

the most of any

him

the

world.

In
to

consequence

this
one on

it effect,

forbidden

be

playedby
reason,
-

pain of

death ; for the

was

same

the Rans

de Vaches

under interdicted, where

"

the

most

heavy penalties,
were

in all countries

the Swiss

engaged as

auxiliaries in

war.

152

"C XX

XIII.

In those, who
who
are

are

alive to interesting
a

and associations,

in travelling the

turesq pic-

country, how

glowingare
Dr.Moore visited

emotions,
scenes,

which,in such produced by those reflections,

arise ! naturally
"

When
was

beheld the rocks

the most

of

he Meillerie,
"

by

agreeable
he vered disco-

associations.

As

he
on

gazed, he fancied
which
catch

the very

spot,

St. Prieux
a

looked
the

through

his

telescopeto
contained
traced

glimpse of
Julia.
"

house, which
he imagination, from
rock
to

his idolized

In

the route, where

one

he sprung

rock, after
snatched

of her

which letters,
"

the wind
same

had

from

his hands. the

With

the

he delight,
to

observed
to

point, where
St.
to

they

embarked in
a

return

Clarens, when tempted

of

Prieux,
the

fit of

distraction, was
wife

seize

Julia,(then the lovely

both
the lake!
"

and another,)

cipitate preof

her

and

himself

into the

midst

CXXXIV.
we

Numerous
between

are

the

resemblances,
cinate fashave

draw, mentally
us,
as we

those spots,which

travel on, and

seen

those,that
"

we

heard

described,or
La Hochefort

delineated.

In

tour,

which

made

in the summer

of

****,

153

among island

the most
can

delightful scenes,
many
"

of which

this

boast,

were

the

ideal

blances, resem-

he fancied. the Arno

to
or

This
;

river reminded

him

of

the Brenta

this mountain

appeared
the
mory me-

exhibit all the beauties of the

and

or Pyrenees,

Apennines ;
of the Po

that

wood

recalled

to

his

the groves, which and

decorate
"

the classic shores hamlet

bled resem-

the Mincio.

This

of that, and of the Tiber.

"

which that

Plinygivesso
it with
the

beautiful
on

scriptio de-

seat villa, Scipio's

was

the banks

Thus

Mr.

Coxe,
the

the
two

celebrated

at traveller,

of junction

Ebwys.

"

The
"
"

scenery

beautiful there is wild,

on

and the

romantic.

Leaning
in the
"

the

parapet

of

bridge," says he,

Monmouthshire, time, absorbed

historical Tour
a

through
the

remained,

considerable

in the

of contemplation
me

turesqu piccalled re-

objectsbefore
to

which objects,
cast

my

recollection

the milder

of

tain moun-

scenery,

which
of

so formerly

much drew
of
a

admired
tear
once

in the

Alps
and
are

Switzerland,and
regret, for the

of

sympathy
happy

and

fate
"

that

delightful country."
awakened peculiarly
been
on

These those

tions associa-

spots,
or

which

have

the theatres
men.
"

of great events,

the abodes

of eminent

Something analo-

154

sous

to

this,Milton

has the of

embodied

in the Ianthat

guage the

of

Adam,

when

angelinforms him,
Eden
"

the garden leaving of his

shall be the penalty

disobedience:

Adam

anticipates,
should the sence pre-

with have

the pleasurehe melancholyfeeling,

out to his children enjoyedin pointing places,which had been sanctified by the

of their great Creator.

"

This As

most

afflictsme,
his

that,departing hence
be

from

face, I

shall

hid, depriv'd
I could he

His With

blessed

countenance;

here

frequent
vouchsafed

worship, place by place,where

divine, and
he
:
"

Presence
On

to

my

sons

relate,
this
tree

this mount visible

;
"

appear'd ;
these

under

Stood I heard

among

pines his

voice

here

with

him

at

this fountain Paradise

talked

!"
xi.

Lost,Book

How

far

more

is it, delightful my
than beneficence,
more

to Lelius,

template con-

the
"

the

of cruelty those the

man!

How

much

are interesting

scenes,

on

the banks

of the
now

Clyde, and they are

on

Grampian
of the the the
"

mountains,

that the

the abodes than

shepherd
horn of warrior

and the

husbandman,
and

when of

huntsman

the of
a

trumpet

were

heralds equal

bloodybattle !

155

Sweet The

Teviot

on

thy silver tide

fires blaze heroes
no

glaringbale

more

No

longer steel-clad

ride
shore
or

Along thy wild and willowed

Where'er All
"

thou

wind'st,by dale
"

hill,

all is

peaceful,

all is-still.
"

CXXXV.

The

effectsof

awakened association, described

well are by external objects,

"
"

by Mr.

bon. Gib-

At
"

the distance of five and twenty I

can

years,"
the I
a

says

he,

neither

forgetnor

express

strong emotions,which
first

agitated my breast,as
city.
a
"

approached the
; each

eternal

After

I trod,with sleepless night, of the Forum

lofty step, the

Romulus
"

ruins
or

spot where
my

stood

Tully spoke, was

amid Bracciolini,
the revolving
seen,
or

present to
the
same

sight." Poggio took pleasure in ruins,

each ruin had
was

various

occurrences

givenbirth to,

and such the

"

his

ency, proficilace pa-

that he could trace and of every

of history

every

temple. Among
contrasted when

the ruins of the

of

Tarpeianrock, he
proud
the and

the state

Rome,

Rome!imperious Cato
moment

Tully graced
those

bar, and
the
every

the senate, with he viewed him*. the

"

ruins,
hill of

which, at
on

tered layscatcity,
"

side around

The

Consedimus

in

ipsis Tarpeitearcis minis,

pane

injens porter

marmoreum cujutdam, ut puto, templi,

limcn, plurimasque passim

156

said he to his friend, which we sit/' on Capitol, the head of the Roman "was formerly empire; the citadel of the earth, the terror of kings, illustrated of so many triumphs, enriched by by the footsteps nations. the spoils This and tributes of so many is it fallen! how of the world, how spectacle is changed! how defaced ! The path of victory the
"

obliterated
are

and by vines,

the benches
a
"

of the

nators se-

concealed Palatine
enormous

by

eyes

on

the

dunghill.Cast and seek, among hill,

fragments,the

your

the

and shapeless

marble

the obelisks, the colossal statues, the theatre, of Nero's palace. Survey the other porticoes
"

hillsof the

city ," the

vacant
"

space

is

interrupted
lie eternity,
a

onlyby ruins and gardens. The that were founded edifices,

naked prostrate, and

publicand private
for

broken, like
ruin is the

the limbs of
more

mightygiant:and
from the the
of time injuries

the

visible
survived

that stupendousrelics, and fortune *."

"

have The

choly melanremote
cient an-

appearance
cause

of these

ruins

was

the

of Rienzi's attempt to

re-establish the
and with

commonwealth
did genuinefeeling
confractascolumnas, unde
"

of

Rome;

what

Petrarch

lament,that

the

magna

ex

urlis patet; parte fifbspectus

#c. tfc. "V.

*

Gibbon.

158

CX

XXVII.
of

These

reflections

are

producedby
produces all
secluded

that power
our

which association,

alone
"

ideas of

beauty and sublimity.The

in
a

Vaucluse, rich
becomes objects,

of sublime grand assemblage

more

endeared

to

the

eye

of

taste,when

w'e

that among reflect, the banks of those

those

woods,
his the

those rocks, upon

torrents,the

Petrarch composed and accomplished elegant celebrated

sonnets
:
"

for,

"

enamoured

of

muses,"

as

Professor
on

Richardson

remarks, in his
ters, charac-

observations
"we

dramatic Shakespeare's
the

traverse

they frequented, regions,

seek of

explore every
every

and hill,

their

footsteps in
the
cades cas-

valley.
"

The
are

groves
not
we

Mantua,
with

of and

Anio,

lovelier than

other

groves

cascades, yet
we

view
on

them

peculiar
ground,
Horace

rapture,
we

tread

as

consecrated

which regard those objectswith veneration,

to

ideas yielded and

we seem

the minds

of
sort

and Virgil of

to

enjoya

ineffable intercourse

with
"

those ideas
even

elegantand
are

enlightened rits." spiawakened

most
a

These

not

only

by

but landscapes,

objectsthe
to

simple,

will,not unfrequently, give rise

of which recollections*,
*

whole

string
the

occasio"*rilv become
46.

Note

159
of

causes

important consequences.
man,

"

The

sight
to

of

an

old

playingupon
Gray
the
are we

harp, recalled
massacre
:

the recollection of Mr.

the

of the this incidental for

"

minstrels

by Edward

First *

"

to

circumstance the

indebted

one

of

finest odes
of
a

in the

English language. The

at

view

picturesquecottage
of

Cheneviere,

also, by producing many

in the mind
the writing

associations delightful
was

Marmontel,

the

of origin the

his

tale of the

of Shepherdess

Alps."
produces
and well

CXXXVIII.
more

No
a

of faculty
memory

the mind

than delight,
"

well stored
most

regulated. He,
from

who

derives the be said

to

enjoyment
he may draws gets for-

its exercise may

enjoythe longest long, who

one,

life-f; since,as
be properly

Seneca

finely observes,
lived
a

said to have
one

all ages
the

into

; and

he

short

who is

past, neglectsthe present,

the future.
we
"

and

only

solicitous about
to

How

is it delightful

remember

those

esteem, and

admire,during

Mom. He

of lives

Gray, Sect. twice,

says

iv.

Let. 2o.
:
"

Martial

-Hoc

est

Vivere

bis, vifclposse

priore frui.-

160

concert!

"

how

is captivating
of sublime
or

the

thought of

them, in the midst

"

beautiful scenery !

of Tivoli, Enjoyingthe exquisite landscapes his friends, his wife,and his Dupaty remembered

children
he
not

with

enthusiasm.
energy

"
"

Why,"
"

exclaimed
are

with

all the
"

of
so

genius, why
dear to
me

ye
were

here ?

you,

who

are

!
my

It

impossible, my
nora, to
"

Adela, my

Adrian, and

Eleo-

pluckone
! thou

half of these beautiful

and valley, ye waterfalls,

flowers.
rocks
;

Adieu

ye

flowers, ye shrubs
me.
"

and I
am

moss

! in vain
"

do

ye

strive to detain
inhabit your

stranger !
and
"

I do not

beautiful
no

Italy
"

when

I go

hence,
ren child-

I shall

see

ye

more.

"

But

perhaps, my
these
you
to

! ye will
; and
to

one

day witness
do objects,
are now

jects obdelightful

you, ye

appear

as

tiful beau"

them, as
in the

you

their father*."

When

gardensof
and I ?
"

the

ed charmBorghese villa,
bursts

with their shade out,

me
"

their flowers,he
all my them

why
this

cannot
moment

see see

children
all

before

at

running with
her

their amiable and in her

mother, beautiful

in

virtues

and filling all my children,

heart with
"

theircheerful shouts of

and joy! happiness

How

Letters

on

Italy, Let.

66.

161

should delighted

I be to

see

Emanuel, Augustus,

Adrian, Adela, and

among
down

selves themEleonora, dispersing

groves,

these

to striving trample grass-plots, hidingthemselves in all

these

these shades

of the
moss

and evening, and

in their

wanton

sports, on

the the

the flowers,supplying the butterflies * !"

"

placeof

zephyrsand

CXXXIX. which
Rousseau
at

Few

can

estimate the rapture,with

fessions, the firstpart of his Con"

wrote

the castle of Eri. had

"

as Every thing, was

a

he

he acknowledges,
of

to

recollect

new

source

enjoyment ;

the beautiful
he had

scenes

he had the lakes

beheld ; the mountains he had

traversed

navigated ; the
much
a

rivers he had

crossed ; and his years,

the remembrance

of the finest

of portion

passed with
which

so

left in his heart he loved

"

and innocence, tranquillity thousand charming impressions, recal

to

to incessantly

lection. his recol-

The

Abbe

Olivet

alwaysremembered
which he used, Bense-

with

with the sensations, pleasure

to infancy,

in his

wander

in the
every

gardensof
tree
"

where rade,at Gentilly,

and every The

spot

possesseda

relic of his

genius.

recoliec-

Lett. ST.
VI

VOL.

U.

162

tions of comfort when

Marmontel, also,were
and

sources

of real the

alleviation

to

him,

at

period
rizon the hoor

the Demon of France

:

of License

passedover magic
a

for in the hour

of sickness power,

misfortune, memory,
which while
as

by

that

with

for it is gifted, suspends,

time,the

acutest

torments;

old

age,
a

if life has

been from

well
its

spent, receives

great

consolation
the

as youth enjoysfrom properties, of hope. whispers

"

flattering

"

credula melius

vitam
eras

Spes fovet,et

fore

semper

ait

Tibullus.

CXL.
of
so

St. Paul

styles hope, that

"

dear

gative prero"

youth !

an

:" earlyimmortality

and and

are delightful

its impressions, that Dante

Milton,when
of the

they would

givethe

most

vivid idea

horrors,that surrounded
do so, in
no

the Fallen
manner
so

Spirits,
ly, strong-

thoughtthey could
as

them by excluding
of
"

from totally laid upon

at
a

all the influence ness? bed of sick-

hope.
"

Are
our

we

Are

not

groans,

rupted interintervals,

by
shall

the

of anticipation
we

th"

enjoyment, we

when experience,

shall

againrise

with

163

the
"

and imbibe lark, what in

a

the sweet
a

scent

of the fields?

With

rapture does

Swiss

soldier, gaged en-

the dangerous campaign, anticipate

comforts

of his

cottage, the convulsive joy of his

"

wife,and
which
roses

the smiles of his children!

so

His

garden,
with

he left
;

neat

; his

cottage, mantled
his

his

who friends,

lamented

departure,
tal men-

and

who

will celebrate his return, all pass in before him.

"

review
the

He

in enjoys,

tive, perspec-

hour, when

he
a

shall repose

under

the

vine, he planted when

his children to his

boy

; he

alreadyclasps
ture, rap-

his breast ; he

beholds,with
to

wife,lifting up

her eyes

heaven

in gratitude with

for his all the

and exhorting him preservation,

eloquenceof affection,

To

think Rural

of

nought

but

rural

quiet,

pleasures, rural battles,blood

all its

ploys,
and

Far

from and

riot,
"

War

murdering joys.
Macneil.

But

what

hope, for
Nature in

years,

animated
"

thy broken
by the

unfortunate spirit,
of finger

Genevieve!
one

Formed

of her

moments, happiest
creature
was

this

elegantand

accomplished
M

in-

164

duced, by

long

series of

to vicissitudes, bury

Her emotions
"

in the silent and

at

melancholy cloister.
the theatre and

convent
"

Bruges
order

was

molation of her imwere

When
an

monasteries

nunneries

suppressed by
in
a

of the French

legislature,
in the in

company

with her
from the

she sought adopted sisters, of the

refuge

fury
of the
"

revolution
at

mansion paternal the county

year

Gages,

Hengrave,

of Suffolk.

During

the peace,

in the in

1801, her order

returned

to

Bruges, and

that

city she

died.

"

It is

probable,my
At

friend,

that the
be
one

of history

this

trulyunfortunate
"

lady may

day given to
to

the world.

present, it is
than
own, once,

sufficient confessed

observe, that she has, more

a common

to

friend of she
never

our

that for
sion pas-

five-and-twenty years
of with

indulgedthe
any
from

hope, in
world

reference !
"

to

connected thing,

the

Secluded

all the natural

no

and sympathies of life,

knowing walking in
of

greater

joyment, en-

than that
her convent,
was

of

the her
of
"

gardens

of

the

principal part

existence

lost in
a

an

course uninterrupted

involuntary Unpitied
ters sis-

prayer, and

victim
to

to

hopeless misery!
world,
was
save

unknown of her

all the she

the few from

convent,

debarred

every

166

CXLII.
we

From

the

same

source

the springs of the

tisfaction, sa-

derive,in readingmany

cient an-

ballads and
and

legendsof
"

the

Scottish, Spanish,
our

Provencal

poets.

We

assimilate
their

age

with
toms, cus-

and by comparing theirs,

language and
with

their sentiments
own,
we

and

misfortunes
as
we

our

draw

resemblances
of

please ;

teral collathe
our

emotions
of simplicity

pleasureare
manners

elicited from
; and

their
are

and sentiments

misfortunes

tempered by
"

the artificialmagnitude

of theirs.

It is this divine

facultyof
natural
a

ciation, asso-

that enables
of

those,whose

tion percep-

beauty has

been

improved by
derive
so

cultivation
more

of the

to imagination,
scenes

much

sure pleathe

from

of nature, than the

man

or ignorant

unfeeling ;
the soldier the
tumnus
man

the
or

of the world
"

or

the

pedant ;

the statesman. of
taste

Walking
fancies he

in his garden,
sees

almost

Veramong flocks
so

and

Pomona
:
"

hiding themselves
vale he

the fruit trees and often

The

peoples with

shepherds, resembling those, which

him delighted in the Bucolics
of

have

the Virgil,

of Theocritus, the pastorals of Drayton, Idyllia

or

the

of Idylls

Gesner. its

"

If he rise

to

the

tain, moun-

he compares

towering

s"SHimit to that of

167

Pelion, Hymettus or Cithaeron

among

; aud

if he wander

rough and misshapenrocks,his imagination

renders them
more

wild
"

and

savage he

by
scends de-

groupes
to

of the
and

Salvatorial

images.
the

When

the dingle or glen,

forest, fawns,
from

dryads*,
green
"

hamadryads, peeping
to

their

vistas, appear
rove
on on

attend him
of
a

at

every step.
a

If he
or

the banks
a

near river,

tain, foun-

the shores of

he lake,

hears the language

waters

of the Naiads
"

in the the

murmuring of
a

if*he

repose

on

edge of

fantastic crag,

over jutting

the

sea,

his illusion

picturesfinefloating

formed
on

Nereids,in
or

their robes

of green,
"

the waves,

on reclining

the rocks.

Caeruleos

habet

unda

Deos

; Tritona

canorum,

Proteaque ambiguum, jEgeona

suis

balaenarumque prementem
terga lacertis,
; quarum

immania
et

Doridaque,
Pars Pisce in mole
vein

natas

pars

nare

videntur,

sedens

virides siccare

capillos ;

quaedam.

CXLIII.
a

Thus

the

charm, which

scape to landimagination gives converts thing,it every

"

touches,into vegetablegold. Nature

*

draws

the

aut Dryades forraosissimas,

nativas

fontium

nymphas,
"

lie P.

quibus

fabulatur
i.

se antiquitas,

\idisse arbitrati sunt.

Martyr,dec.

Lib. """.

168

and arranges the groupes, outline,

gination, but it is the ima-

which
which bur

tints them
so

with those

colours,
to

in administer,
"

a delightful manner,

perception. Nature
but it is the
and

produces

the

ments, instrutouches Nature

son rea-

that imagination,
"

the chords showers

produces the euphony.

down

combines which
we are

objectsfor them, but

our

and selection,

it is the

imagination,
synonyma of

in styling the justified

"

*. inspiration

CXLIV.

And

what
a

but the is imagination,

comitant con-

result of
"

refined power

of association?

For

are

have so often observed, as we objects, in or beautiful, elegant, grand,(to our eyes),

no :
"

themselves

and

theypartake of
animate

those

qualities
ferences re-

as they create onlyin proportion,

in the mind
and

and
: beings
"

allusions

to

sentient
the eye,

meet when, therefore, objects not

which

do

refer to
"

associations, they earthly

It is
for Coimpossible in which, moments, the

pointto heavenlyones.
lonna
near a

ever

to

forgetthose

smaller

of half way rising up one of mountains, in the neighbourhood

cottage,

Caof been

pel Curig,he has, for

resemblances! earthly
*
"

time, lost
The

all

traces

morning

had

Note

48.

169

devoted

to

the

of the investigation scenery,

admirable

cimens spe-

of mountain

which

selves present themthe

along
of the The

the

road, leading from

turesqu pic-

bridgeat Rhyland-varto
Pont-y-Pair;
tremendous from
of

the ivied arches

the falls of the

Conway
"

to

cataract

grand mountain

of

Rhaiadr-y-Wenol. his Moelshiabod, rearing

upon every

enormous

head, frowned
of every and

all

below, while

rocks

size and from

shape, now
and

jutting
now

bleak

bare

the

woods,

corated de-

with

shrubs, here
him

there triangular,
at

ragged and
Snowdon

met pointed,

every

step

till,

over passing the bridge,stretching

the

Lugwy,
a

burst

forth in all the !

"

majestyof point of
the
a

ruvian Pe-

mountain

Upon

the

rock,

two near lakes, overlooking

Colonna Capel Curig, mind various his

to
one

had

leisure

to

recal which

to

nishing asto-

scenes,

had
of the

elevated

tion imaginaplate contem-

in the the finest reached

earlypart
in

day, and
nature, in
"

magnificenceof
all the
on

of he
sun

the had
was

scenes

globe!
the

When

the spot,

which
upon

he sate, the

its last shooting

rays

peak

of Snowdon, grey
"

dark while, along his gigantic sides,

were

clouds ly Scarce-

in rolling had the

sun

various ceased

sombre
to

columns.

illumine

the west, when

170

the moon, blue

from rising

behind

long line
east!
"

of dark
sun

clouds,irradiated
the
moon

all the

The

sinks and
on

rises in other
;
"

and countries, ! 1 desist, of Ratof

other mountains my for Lelius, the

but

on

Snowdon

I have

neither the pen

"

clifFe nor

of pencil

Lorrain.

Unmindful

the past, every

thoughtwas
delirium
for
no

given to

the future ;

and, lost in
Colonna
in

of

enthusiastic rapture,
of happiness, description than that, existence,

wished
a

other

state
an

of immortal

from arising

delight enlargedfacultyof receiving

may be

from
among

whatever

still more
eternal

cent magnifiArchitect,
on

the labours
scenes,
on

of the

in other

other

summits, and

other

globes!
"

CXLV.
in
a

By

the charm
ways,

of

combination, scenery,
to
our

of variety
or

appears

partakeof

our

lights, de"

to

in sympathize does

misfortunes.
nature
seem

As
cord. ac-

are

our

so feelings,

all and
are

to

"

Are

we

cheerful
flower

gay?

"

every

bird,
"

every

field, every
our

of delight. objects with sorrow?

"

Are

worn spirits

down

lancholy Me-

"round \ deathlike silence

us

throws
a

and

dread

repose;

171

Her

gloomy
every
the

presence flower
murmur
a

saddens and

all the scene, all the green,

Shades

darkens

Deepens
And

of the

fallingfloods,
o'er the
woods.
"

breathes

browner

horror

Inanimate
in lessons

thus become, objects

our

as

it were,

ciates asso-

and, not unfrequently, grief, by

When Cicero

the

they prefer, angelsof administering

"

solation. con-

lamented

the

death

of
to
"

his

in order Tullia,Servius Sulpitius, daughter, his afflictedfriend, wrote

"

console
"

him
in

letter.

Once," said he,

a

when

was

I redistress, ceived from

a

sensible alleviation of my

sorrow

circumstance,which, in the hope of its havingthe

same

influence of

upon
"

you,
was

I will take

this opportunity Asia ;

"

relating.I
was

from returning
course,

and, as I

steering my

I
"

began

to

template con-

the
was

surroundingcountry.
and

Behind

me cupied oc-

Egina ; Megara
my
once cities,

in the front ; the Piraeus

right hand,
most

Corinth

my

left.
"

These reduced somewhat

were flourishing, f

now

to

irretrievable ruin.
"

Alas !' said presume

I,
to

* shall indignantly,

man

complain
whose when I

of

the

shortness this world

and is

the

ills of

life,

being in
see so

short, necessarily
one

many

at cities,

view, totally
relieved friend,

?' destroyed
"

This

reflection, my

172

my

sorrow."

"

Such

was

the influence of scenerial

the mind of the elegant Sulon accompaniments and such,it may be presumed, was the consolation, pitius,

derived
among

even

by

the

Marius, sanguinary
"

where, as Livy Carthage ; rius observes, CarthageseeingMarius, and Mafinely the one tion might serve as a consolaCarthage,
to

the ruins of

the other*.

CXLVI.
of Africa is

The
one

answer

of Marius

to

the praetor
a

of the sublimest in

indications of

great mind, recorded

to
our

and history, with

is well suited
every

argument.

"

Oppressed

species escaping

of deserved many
he

Marius, misfortune,
at

after

arrived dangers,
to

lengthin Africa,where
some

hoped
officer
the

have
"

received
He
was

mark

of

favour

from the governor.

an

when scarcely landed,

and
"
"

came

to

him,

addressed

him I
am

ter af-

manner: following

Marius

"

rected di-

by the
forbids your
in

praetor to

inform
"

you,

that
you
a

he
sist per-

in landing he

Africa.

Should
you
as

doing so,
"

will treat

public
indig-

enemy."
*

Struck

with

astonishment

aud

Inopemquevitam

in

cum Carthc^j"riensiicm toleravit, tugurio

Marius

Carthagincm, ilia intuens Marinm, inspiciens

aller alien

possclesse solatia.

17*

than genial, verandas

all the

of Moscow, palaces
"

or

all the

of Venice.

CXLVIII.
to

As

isthe greatest of patience

is time
"

friends

the

unfortunate, so
to

the

greatest of
resolves the

friends
noblest

the lover of

landscape. It

works

of art into the most

ments ornaaffecting

of created

things.
"

Where
Of

mouldering

columns

mark

the

lingeringwreck
;

Thebes, Palmyra, Babylon,

prostrate obelisk, or
unroofed

Balbec

The
The On

shattered

dome,

pedestal

and

yawning tomb,
taste

loiteringsteps, reflective
folded
arms

surveys

With

and

sympathetic gaze,
treads meads
;

Charm'd
O'er Or

with

poeticmelancholy
and
on

ruined
rides

towns

desolated

sublime
the

time's of

expanded

wings.
"

And

views

face

ever-changing things!
Darwin, 1. 231.

How

often, my

dear

have Lelius,

I heard

you

descant, with
of and

on melancholypleasure,

the ruins Castle*:

"

Melrose
how

Abbey,
often have

and
we

of

Cadzow

surveyed,with

kindred

rapture, the

remnants

of what"j"nce constituted

Note

49.

175

the castles of die towers the of

Carisbrooke, Chepstow and Tenby

Ragland,Pembroke
Towey
; the

and

Caerphili ;
and

fragmentsof Gruslyn picturesque

in the vale of the

Dine-

vawr,

walls of

Oyster*
those,
the
equalled un-

over mouth, rising

bay of Swansea;
of

and

belongingto
bay
have affecting

the Earl

Bulkeley,near
!
"

of Beaumaris been
our

Equallysolemn
Strata

and

emotions, at beholding
rida Flous

the sacred
:
"

walls of

Glastonburyand
have
so

which ruins,

reminded strongly

of Ossian's

of description

those of Balclutha*.

CXLIX. of former

In

these contemplating how much

more

awful remains
solemn
we

ages,
our

and

are affecting

emotions,when
to

view

them
have

with

reference
"

the
we

events, which behold

the

they

witnessed!

When

grand

towers,

Temora.
"

"

The

author

of that of

most

elegant
has
an

and

classical

poem,

The

Pleasures
"

Memory,"

exquisitely

graphic simile:
As Awes Than the

stern
us

grandeur deeply
the

of

Gothic

tower

less

in its

morning

hour,
fall

when every tender

shades arch
we

of time and love

a

serenely
;

On The

broken

ivied wall
to

images
each

trace,
grace.
"

Stenl from

year

melancholy

176
over rising

the

Conway,
"

is.it

not possible,

to be
to

struck mind

with

admiration?

But

when

we

recal

the many to, how

midnightmurders, theyhave
is
our

been with

witness

admiration
terror

tempered

of sensations, partaking

How the

different

are

our

when feelings,
of

we

vey sur-

consecrated unrivalled arches the

of

ruins

Netley

and

Llanthe

tony, the
Cistercian
near

abbey of Tintern, or
Valle

Crucis!

"

the

tuated sifirst,

in

sombre

Southampton water; the second and sequesteredvalley ; the third,

and

surrounded
of the

by woods
;

mountains,on
a

the banks

Wye

the

fourth,in
all

deep, romantic

vale,
and of of

encompassed,on
mountains, which

sides, by toweringrocks
it

render of

worthy
and

the

pen

Dyer,

the

harp
"

Taliesin

the

touch

Wouvermanns

Reclined

upon

those

scattered

how fragments,
are captivating

how interesting, the

we

powerful,how
the stonns,
on

which associations, reflect upon

arise in the each

vast

mind,
those

when ruins

of

has from

weathered; and
year
to

the

numbers,

who,
same

year, made

have the

the experienced
same

emotions,

and

reflections with

177 ourselves!
While

"

surveyingthose

awful

ters charac-

of ruined

who faith,

does not hear the solemn

over

the dirge, of
a

sacred

chaunted requiem,

the grave sister?

"

an lovely,

unfortunate

and lamented

Departed soul,whose
This Whose hallowed

poor

remains

lowly grave

contains; o'er,
more

passing storm pains and

sorrows

of life is
are no

Whose

"

Departed soul, who

"

in this

earthly scene
"

Hast be

our

lovely sister
way
to

been

Swift
"

thy
we

where there

the
"

blessed
"

dwell

j
"

Until

meet

thee

farewell!

farewell!

Bailey.

Musing
what

on

this slumber
awe

of

with forgetfulness, its silence and the

solemn

do the the

we

contrast

its solitude with anthem and

sacred choral

time, when

ing peal-

hymn

have

echoed

through
nious till the have
but

the

woods, and, ascending in symphosilent and devout in have listened,

columns, the appeared,not

sounds,dyingaway
as

undulating murmurs, if they had ceased to echo,

as

if the form

of

humanityalone prevented
even

the listener from

with them, gliding

to

the

gates of heaven.
VOL.

II.

178

CL.

Perpetualchanges glide on
to
* valleys ;

in

eternal

rise continuity; valleys sink to the

mountains; mountaius
summer

ending of
and in the of

ginning is the be-

of autumn, concealed
new

lap of
"

winter

are

the

embryos

spring.

Flowers

quire ac-

colours,as they expand

to

; red

changes
white

to
to

blue,blue
"

yellowto white,and yellow,

a

purple. Shells,from pearls ;

from The
as chrysalis,

harden slimy liquid, into dust.

into
"

pearlsthey crumble
some
one

has

observed, elegantly the very

is the cradle
moment
"

of the

at butterfly,

that it becomes Such

the tomb

of the

lar. caterpilthe

is the fate of the animal such Where

"

world,such

fate of

and vegetables,

the fortune

of towns,
once

cities and of capital for

a

empires!
"

is

Gazna,

the search the

as

mightyempire?
map

In vain do Who
can

we

it in the and

of Asia.

"

trace

power Strabo

of splendour
us,

ancient

Carthage, once,

informs

miles forty

in

in circumference,
one

the small

of village

Melcha?

"

at Syracuse,

time

and raising manning powerfulfleets, largearmies

within its walls,is little more,

than
"

an

extensive in

heap
former
of

of

ruins the

and

rubbish.

Capernaum,

times

of Galilee, now metropolis fishermen's

*

sists con-

only six

huts^and where
50.

qow

Note

179
How the of the lake than thirteen
"

waters

Asphaltites once
cities*.
"

rished flou-

more

Where, too,
"

is the No
on so

of Memphis? city

Etiam
as

ruina. periere the actual ancient

of

three travellers agree which it stood!

"

to

place,
times
a

Ephesus, in
the find

famous, has
and

become

habitation
a

few

herdsmen the
masses

who shepherds, the

shelter from

of inclemency of

weather,beneath its mighty

"

walls. crumbling

CLI.
a

The

of Campania, producing territory

double that

of spring

flowers f, and
"

once

so

ful, fruit-

in the
"

Pliny called it, the work is now heightof her felicity,"

of Nature desolate.

The

Leontine

extolled by Cifields, so highly

Strabo.
twelve

Lib.

xvi.

"

In

the
were

reign

of

Tiberius,says
an

nius, Sueto-

cities of Asia Vit. Tib.

vi.

destroyed by
was

earthquake.
convulsion of
as

"

Suet,

in

This

the

great

nature,

which

is recorded time fact of

in the the

Gospel
"

of St.

Matthew,
St. Mat.

occurring
27.
c.
v.

at the

crucifixion.

Vid.
"

ch.
u,

51. and

"

The

is confirmed
n.

by Tacitus.
86.'
non

An.

Lib.

37,

by Pliny,Lib.
Lucius
terrarum

cap.
"

f Thus
toto

Florus

Omnium,

inodo

sed Italia,
est
:

urbe

pulcherrima Campania? plaga

bis

nihil

inollius
solo: Lib.

ccelo

denique

floribus

vernat:

nihil
"

uberius L. Flor.

ideo
i. c.

Liberi
16.

C'ererisquecertamen

dicitur.

180

cero,

and

now

called the

of Catania,are plains
a

less littlefrequented,
and

and present cultivated, every

rious cu-

melancholymedley of
thistles.
"

description
forests

of

flowers,growing among
and

miniature

of

weeds

In the
once

what

condition
which in

is the it
was

cityof Delos, and

situated ?
"

on island,

an

island,
:
"

the

richest
a

all the
mass

ancient
of

world

The the

city is
island
a

confused

rubbish, and
abandoned
"

destitute totally

and
a

without and

temple and
retain

without
not
even

hut!
stone

"

Babylon
to

Nineveh*

tell the
dred hun-

of melancholy history

their fate ;
"

and

the

cities of Crete their existences

to

excite

whether question,

to oblivion, or belong to history,

fable.

CLII.

Where

is the

island of
where

Chryses,once
the

near existing

Lemnos,

and

Atlantis of

Plato t?"
*

This

built by city,
to

Ashur
extent

(Genesis, ch.
of
i.

x.

v.

11.), was

so

large, as
"

be

to

the

three 2. ch. ch.

days journey
m..v.
"

in circumference. For
a

(Yid. Jonah,
its

eh.

v.

4.).
was v.

prophecy

of

ruin,
and

see

Nahuni,
"

in.

It

taken 15.
"

by

Nebuchodonosor

Ahasuerus.

Tobit^ch. xxv.

f Note

51.

182

Of

chance shall from the the

or

change,
never,

oh
never

! let not
cease

man

complain,
wail
;

Else
For

he the lone

to

imperial dome,
cottage
of in the

to

where

the

swain

Rears
All

silent
fickle

dale, gale
are

feel

force earth have the the

"

fortune's

;
:

Art, empire, Earthquakes

And
And

to change itself,

doom'd

raised

to

heaven

the
mass

humble

vale,

gulphs
where
bloom'd.

mountain's

mighty
rolls

entomb'd,
continents
have

Atlantic*

wide

Beanie's

MinstrcL

CLIII.
est

The

Pythagoreans
from
"

derived

the gieatof in

consolation

this

everchangingaspect
is
not
a

material

objects.
than

There

finer passage
makes

all

Ovid,

that, wherein

he
to

brated his cele-

from digression

Numa,

give a historyof

the the

natural founder and

and of

moral the

philosophyof Pythagoras,
of
nomy, astro-

Copernican system
if we

the greatest man,

except

Homer, Plato,
mind !

Newton, Aristotle,
that
"

Milton Shakspeare, the annals

of the was,

and

ever

graced

human

The

followingpassage
"

doubtless,Beat-

tie's prototype.

'

Plato's

Timarus.

183

Vidi Esse
Et Et

ego,

quod
"

fuerat

quondam
ex

solidissima
asquore

tellus,

fretum.
a

Vidi

factas concliae

terras;
marina1
;

procul
vetus

pelago
est

jacuere

inventa

in montibus
vallem
est

anchora

summis.
aquarum

"

Quodque

fuit campus,
et

decursus

Fecit;

ehme

mons

deductus
aret

in asquor:

Eque paludosa Quaeque

sitim

siccis

humus

arenis

tulerant, stagnata paludibus hument.

Lib.
xv*

1.262.

CLIV.
is
an

Nature, the soul of the world, which

of

animal

the

highest class,is
and

not

only
of

changing the shapes

but herself,

propertiesof objects
man a

she has
a

to delegated
a

power

in operating

similar, though in

limited

degree.

the By observing the propertiesof vegetables, and qualities

affinities of

minerals, and, having

of

gaineda knowledge
and

of the effects

fire,water
most

the fermentation,he produces, at will,

curious

transformations

in

bodies;
decides

determines
nature

the limits of

and quantities, all the

the

of

qualities, by

different

methods

of

tion, solu-

and depuration deliquation ; by precipitating, and evaporating; distilling, by the arts of chrystal-

sublimation, and lization,

pressure,
"

exsiccation

and

by

by pulverizing, by
And

fusion,

and

cination. cal-

though

he

possesses

not

the art

of

the ruby, dissolving

the

emerald, the hyacinth,

184-

and

the
nor

amethyst,nor
many
a

any

of the harder
he has earths,

line, crystaltheless never-

of

the softer
of

power the

their separation effecting ;

"

while, by

of bodies, he uniting
most

is

capable of
and, by

combining the
the
most

volatile of all fluids ; and

of acids application

the of dissolving salts,

"

obstinate of all minerals.

CLV.
power it were,

The which
to

(who Stoics,

were

of ignorant of

the

electricity possesses
the four elements
and
water

as life, giving

of

matter,) resolved

air,earth,fire

into each the

other; and

as

magnetism

is said to have

of suspendfaculty ing there

isted, ex-

so gravitation, they imagined, that

in nature, of

which quality,
progress

had

the power

suspendingthe
a

of events, and

which,

after

certain era, caused

them
"

to

revert

into their dent acci;

channels. respective original and

same

So

that every
recur

event

is bound and

to perpetually

the

number

of plants, insects, description

birds,and
the earth
;

animals,again to
and

animate

and

adorn

the

same

their prior beings, feeling the

same same

passions, again to
vices,and
to

exercise
to

virtues and calamities

and

be

liable

the
were

to disorders, state

which
"

they

in their si-.Jaject
no
new

of antecedence.

It is

that certain,

185

or plant,

flower,fish,animal

or

mineral

has since

been

introduced

into the world's economy,

itsfirstcreation, though it has subsisted for such

a

multitude of ages.
is

"

This

is sufficientto prove, its kind

;
"

that the world whole

in perfect
nature

and, as the
the
to

system of
of

is formed

upon

ciple prinpose sup-

absurd motion,it is not absolutely such

a

(thoughfrom
Heaven righteous
a
as

state of

immortality may
there may
and be

defend

us!)that
of events
as

circle for the well

end
as

movement

passions,
drawn
to

for

bodies ; and

they are
by
an

one

of the circle's diameter

be

attractive
a

force,they may
one

thrown
manner as

back

by

repulsive
and

;
"

in the

same a

globesascend

descend

by

and centrifugal sity." necescentripetal

CLVI.
some

But

though nature
to

appears is

to

suffer

of her

works
"

decay, she

her

attitudes.
"

decay

matter,

Nothing is well as spirit, to as existing

of

onlyvarying to actually permitted

nity etercreted se-

; for in the

of putrefaction are dunghill

the germs attentive

to

future

reproduction.Ever
"

her

Nature interests, in displaced desirous

in replaces another:
of
"

one

spot, what
attentive to into things

she has

ever

beauty, and
their

all resolving
on

original dependence

herself,

186

she and

moss permits

to creep

over

the fallen column,

"

ivyto
the

wave

upon

the useless battlement. incessant

Time,
withers but and
a

with

his

gradual but
conceives
and

touch,
;
one

ivy and

the pulverizes

monument

nature, who
the
same

executes

at

moment,
an

whose

every

thought is

system,

in operating

unlimited

orbit, jealous
expands creations,

of

and prerogative,

studious of her
what she

with
another.
"

one

hand

compresses loses

with
"

she Always diligent,

nothing;
to

she condenses From the

onlywhat

she appears
one

lose *.

"

of time, no beginning
"

so object,

created,has evaporated
the minutest
nor one

not

one

atom,

in the
"

infinite divisibility of matter, has been of particle

lost :

not

what
or

we

denominate

ment, eleany

deed, word,
have
ever
ever

thought of escaped the

the memory

of

his creations
nor

once

ledge, know-

will !
"

escape

of the

Eternal Mind

of metaphysics, the region Quitting my Lelius,

let

us

return

to

the material world.

"

CLVII.

without Respect for antiquity, have those associations, to wlifch we

dulging inre-

Note

54.

187

ferred
the

so

often, were
since

an

unfortunate
appear
to

malady
have

of

mind,

it would

its probable

in origin is modern
:
"

the desire of

that all, undervaluing

but

by
one

virtue of that noble

of the
even

quality,
of

which
the

constitutes

surest

indications

of mind, divinity

those

placesand ruins,
of

which,

in

themselves, present little to excite

or

miration ad-

sympathy, possess
transacted been

power

teresti in-

our

hearts, provided any

in their

remarkable

deed

has

been

walls,or
with

any

illustrious person
"

connected

tory*. their hisof

There

was

nothingin
of any

the promontory

Actium,

worthy
the famous

observation, particular
many

yet Germanicus
because

travelled

miles

to
was

see

it,

battle of Actium
"

fought

in

the

bay below.
and
at

He

visited also informs there

us,

Anthony's
fected afhighly

camp,

was,

as

Tacitus

the

images,which
success

selves, presentedthemof

of the

of

one

ancestor, and

the

misfortunes

of another

f.

"

CLVIII.
a

The

ruins of Dinas
"

Bran

stand upon which

conic

mountain.

The

eminence, on
of the from

they

Yid.

Stewart's
was

Philosophy
descended
"

Mind,
both Ann.

8vo. the Lib.

p. 279.

f Germanicus
Octavius
and

families
n.

of

Anthony.

Yid.

Tacitus,

e.

53"

188

are

is not situated,
to

so

high,as
so

to

render
to

every oIh
siderable con-

jectinferior

it,nor

low, as
"

lose any

of grandeur. portion of Arran it

more more

If it want

limity the sub-

Fowddy

or

of Carnedd the
"

Llewellyn,
than

than

compensates
than

loss,by being far

More

beautiful

either.
it ;

fifty

mountains
to

rise around

forming partial screens

in

each

of amphiother, and exhibiting a variety theatres, all in height and increasing

width,till
"

the

more

distant lose themselves in the clouds.

"

Below
Seated

lies the celebrated

on an

Vale

of

Langollen.
"

eminence, commanding
so

range

so

and so varied, beautiful,

the magnificent, their

small

ruins of Dinas
we

would

lose entirely the

did effect, which

not

recal

to

mind, that

of castle,

they
of the

are

the

fragments,was

once

the residence

lovely Myfanway Vechan,

by Hoel
CLIX.
walls of Verulam.
ap

celebrated and beloved

Eynion.
A
are

few

mounds

of earth

and

few

litary so-

that all,

remain

of the ancient those

city

"

Who, that stands upon

and few

works, earthbut
a

little around seeing immediately fewinclosures

emotion dull and
of
a

him,

feels the slightest dry ditches,

"

? or pleasure curiosity

Connect
"

this how

scene uninteresting

with its history :

190

In

the surveying

noble estuary of Milford

one

ven, Hain
an

expandinginto
all

of the finest harbours

appearance of

Europe,

and

wearing the
the British

immense
entire

lake, sufficiently large to

navy

contain
secure

the from
noeuvre ma-

of

crown
a

winds

and

tempests, and where

the

fleet might

with
power

what greatest safety,

awakened

ideas of
in the

and
"

magnificenceare
by
a

mind!

Then,

magic glance,we
to

traverse

the tempestuous

channel

the Irish coast, and and which injuries,

and

call to mind

the various crimes

that ill-fated country has committed

"

received.

to Returning

the spot, whence

we

had

travelled,
and
rious va-

the beholding

creeks

and bays,the woods

which accompaniments, agreeable

this

embellish
not
mory me-

majestic estuary,
the the

who

is there, that does in

to recalling

derive

highestsatisfaction
beautiful
scene

in of

Cymbeline, where
Fidele,has
a

Imogen,

in the character

flowers

over sprinkled

her grave, and

of her memory

solemn !
"

dirge formed per-

in honour

CLXI.
of

When

we

arrive

at

lage the- miserable vilcounty

of

in Cerig-Druidian,
palaces
in

the

Den-

its

baths, temples to, and

or

"

This

circumstance
of

is find j

alluded

described

Philips'* poem

Cyder.

191
in bigh,standing
the midst of naked
one

and
an

barren

mountains, without
character,on
idea shivering itself!
"

objectof
eye may

agreeable
what
a

which

the

repose,

of poverty and

desolation
a

presents

an

idea,heightened by
of span,

recollection of

the
an

magnificent scenery
arch,of
considerable

Pont-y-Glyn, where
bestrides the
a

vast

and

horrific with

chasm, through which

"

Glyn

rushes of

unceasingroar!
heaths
on

After

takinga
to

survey
a

the wide

every

side,turn

bouring neighVaens age

to

farm, and view with attention the various

fragments, which
and age, cromlechs those
are

lie scattered before

you
"

around. ! From

"

sacred

relics have

remained, in
of the

this

wretched of the
our

monuments village, ancestors.

"

superstition
was

Druidical

This

spot

once

favourite centre
Druids !
"

for

the

rendezvous
"

of
to
"

the this from his the

rounding sur-

British

Here

they sacrificed
was

the village

sacred the A

misletoe
barbarous

brought

this mountain
anathemas!
"

delivered pontiff farther on,

a

little way commands

upon of the

top of

an

which hill,

view

country, bleak,extensive and barren, are

a

few remains

of walls and and

ramparts.
"

"

The

scene

is

wild altogether the

desolate.

In the midst in chilled;

of

summer

veins of

youth

are

the

192 midst of
and burn

the winter, with

nerves

of age

warm

with

pity
the

when indignation,

it is

recollected,

that these walls and

ramparts
;
"

once

contained

Caractacus patriot king,

here he made
of

his last
;
"

stand, after the fatal battle

from these walls he be
"

Caer-Caradoc
"

was

betrayed;
was

from

this

spot,

to ceasing

king,he

conveyed prisoner

to Rome

CLXII.

When the

we

visit the

of sepulchres

the

good,
causes

or

monuments

of the great, the

same

same

produce
tombs

the
of

emotions. and Silius

of

"

Plutarch,

the visiting

Plato
"

brated Socrates, celewhom Italicus, in

their anniversaries.
we

may

the Drayton style

and who, Italy,

his latter years,

retired into the country, and the

voted de-

himself

to

and the study of philosophy and

cultivation of the muses,

who

veral possessed se-

villas, one
and

of

which

had
a

belonged to Virgil
sensible in pleasure
former

another

to

Cicero,took
tomb

the annuallyvisiting Plato

of poets !
as

of the

#, that
and

Lampridius calls him,

rites in honour the
of
same

in
mory me-

performing funeral
f.
"

his

Statius

performed

annual

Note

55.

f Note

6"i.

193

ceremony.

"

At the

same

tomb,

after the

tion expirasolved re-

of several
to to

Giovanni centuries,
a

Boccacio

of quitthe profession his future life to

merchant, and
ture. litera-

dedicate
"

poetry and

CLXIII.
more

There

is no
the

in the city of object

Paris

to gratifying to
"

heart,no

institutionmore
the Museum of

conducive Monuments. devant

good morals, than

It is situated of Mons.
on

the site of the ciand

was

convent

Augustine monks,
Alexander
"

established
name

by

Le

Noir, whose
not

it will immortalize. of feelings

Who,
the

that has

lost
take

all the best

his nature, would

monuments

not

in musing pleasure
many

among

of

so

illustrious
roses

dead; where,
stand myrtles,

surrounded

by

press, cyof

and

the

cenotaph
and

Moliere,the

busts of

Fenelon Sully,

Bossuet;
;

Montesquieu,Fontenelle
a

and Malesherbes

where

sarcophaguscontains
a

the ashes of La

Fontaine;
of

and

medallion !
"

perpetuates the

memory

Chevert

CLXIV.
fi

As
the

was

writing the
which
to
o

name

of

Chevert,"
are

letter in
a

you the

tell me,

that you
VOL.

become

prey

profouudest-

II.

194

melancholy was
the

brought to

me.

"

Alas age

'

my

friend,

good, wise,and great

of every

have been

the sport of fortune!

so

many

great,
conversed with
as are

Illustrious Have
To in her
consecrate

have spirits school been

woe,

taught,
make

enough

and distress,

ambition
of fortune.
"

E'en

wish

the

frown, beyond the smile

Those
an

are

the men,

whom against and

Fortune
her
most

takes

unerring aim,
"
"

sharpens

fatal

arrow

Fortuna

immeritos

auget honoribus,"
cla-

says

celebrated

writer, "fortuna innocuos

viros
"

dibus

ilia afficit, justos

pauperie gravat, inincomtans, fragilis,

more

dignos eadem
et perfida

divitiis beat:
"

lubrica!"

What

ought

to

vince con-

you,
"

that Fortune is

is not

of etherial

? origin

What

argument

than required farther,

the

knowledge,that,appearingto wrings the

of
bosom

disdain
?
"

she virtue,

of wisdom
a

To

be

revenged

her,my

Lelius, (forin
the character draw
woo

case

like

this, revenge
me hort ex-

assumes

of

let excellence,)
her frowns.
"

you you
cannot

to

solace her
your
"

from be

Since all
come be-

to

your

exert mistress,

the

energiesof
her master,

nature, and
enemy,
we

resolve
have

to

The

not

the

195

power

to

must conciliate,

be you,

subdued.
but

"

In

the will

she struggle,
be
swan

will wound

the wound
as

healed

by the touch
the her

of

and resolution;

the
tack at-

subdues her upon

eagle,when
own

he ventures

to

element, so

will you,
attacks you

my
deservedly; un-

Lelius,master
and from that

Fortune, since she

when she and
you

have

mastered
your

her,
"

moment

becomes

friend.

Fortune,
she

wild

fickle and
to

indiscriminate

as

is,has

still the virtue

no

admire,
"

when

she

finds she has

power

to

conquer.

CLXV. has she

as no

But charms calls

has
?
"

melancholyno
Had
no

resources

?
"

the

daughter of genius,
she
;

Milton

her,

when captivations, Petrarch

and and

wooed

Nuraa
and

andTully;
Collins?
men,
not

Ariosto

Dante

Tasso; Milton
"

Euripides; Gray,
me,

Spenser
those
were

and

Believe
be

my

friend,
tricious mere-

to

captivated by

blandishments.

"

Melancholy,
the

which
of

for implies a disposition

indulgence

contemplation, softens
fibre with
to
o

the

heart, tunes
and

every

the
an

nicest

touch,

the disposes

mind

derive
2

elevated satis-

196

from faction,
nature

every
every
sources

grand

and

beautiful feature of exertion ; and

from pathy. sym-

; from
secret

virtuous of this is

all the
"

association

and

Indulging in
of mirth the

propensity, infatuating
the and feelings its turbulence it

the intrusion offensive and

to

to grating

soul; it unhinges, by

the faculty of thought ; intoxication, charm

deranges the

by which
of

we

are

bound,
In wild

and and

the luxury dispels

meditation.

"

uncultivated
to

scenes,

Melancholy

loves

principally
but

reside.

"

pages, equisplendid Magnificentbuildings,

crowded

and that
seek

streets, associate

ill with
to

of delicacy

taste, which
of
some

prompts

the mind
or

the
banks

shade of

favourite

grove,
"

the

cool and

some

murmuring
ivied

rivulet. the

These,
and
questered se-

the

cloud-capt mountain,
the glen,

deep

and ruin,

the

setting sun,
plate contem-

are

which objects,
; and

she most
most

to delights

sounds,

to grateful

her

ear,

are

the soft and

melting accents
an

of the

the aerial flute,

the

warblings of

Eolian
; the

lyre; the howling of

midnightstorm
foaming
loved
awake
to

distant voice of
an

thunder; the
"

cataract,

and

angry

ocean.

Milton

indulge in

scenes,

which

conspired to

from emotions, arising

philosophicmelan-

198

we

are
a

seated

on

the

decayed
how

trunk of

an

oak, or
love to
gone

on

rustic monument,

does

the mind
are

recal the memory

to

of those

who friends,
"

that

mysteriouscountry,
and troubling,
our

where
are

the wicked
at rest

cease

from

the weary

!"
"

At those moments,

memory,

like

magic
of

ror, mir-

improves
beauty,
their and elegance,

their features
to
a

to those
bland
a

manly

manners

and

amiable

their
"

language to
mutual

and persuasive
we

bewitching oratory.
while

Virtues, which

loved,
ship, friendtheir

exchanging the
are

offices of
even

and to enthusiasm, heightened

foibles
"

give an

additional

splendourto

their portraits.

CLXVII.
survivor raises

In
a

retired spot of his

at
once

domain, the

column,
"

of his expressive

To and friendship. grief

at

this hallowed

spot he

tires, re-

close of
on

day,
the
urn

and

the exemplifies
and elegant of

motto

of

Shenstone,
Maria*.
"

of the

tiful beau-

Such mournful
an urn

was

the conduct did pleasure

Mason.

"With

what with

he embellish
of his

his alcove
the

and
"

medallion A

friend,

melancholy Gray!

lyr^,was suspended

IS

ole

58.

199

over

the

entrance,

inscribed with
was

motto
on a

from tablet

Pindar, and
the

underneath

written

stanza following
"

from

his friend's celebrated

elegy

Here

scattered
unseen

oft, the loveliest of the

are

year,

By hands
The And

showers
to

of violets and warble

found, here,

red-breast

loves

build

little

footsteps lightlyprint the ground.

Aristotle
was

was

accustomed attendant
to
on

to

say,

that melancholy

ever

superiorgenius;
the truth
of

and, the

more

confirm the
"

his cules, Her-

he observation,

instances

examples of
It
was

Plato, and
that affection,
among

Lysander.
the cascades

this

gentle

soothed and

soul
of

of

Drummond

the rocks when

Hawthornden;
the mountains
among

of
of

Dyer,

wandering among
of

Cwm-Dyr

; and

Petrarch,when,
formed the

the

solitudes of

Valchiusa,he

wish, that
urn.

there his friends should

raise his funeral

CLXVIII.

The the

same

emotion
a
"
"

soothes

us

in

those

to appeals
never

which heart,

well-written Whatever
an

scriptio in-

fails to excite. his

sure pleaelegant

man

enjoysin

travels," says

200

French
monument

writer
of

*,

"in

a statue contemplating

or

in
seems

stillmore I have enjoyed antiquity, It inscription. perusing a well-conceived

"

to

me,

as

if

human

voice issued

out

of the

stone, made
void midst of ages,
of

itself audible and

through

the
man,

mighty
iu the

itself to addressing he
very
was

told him deserts,

men,

not

alone ; and felt and it

that other

in those suffered

had places,
"

thought

and
to

like himself!

Should

happen
mind that
a

be

the

of inscription
no

some

ancient the

nation,which
into the

subsists

it conveys longer,

regionsof infinity, by shewing,

had outlived the

thought
"

ruins
whom

of
we

an

empire."
bound has

Our

friend

Philotes,to

are

and who by the strictestties of friendship,

to

succeeded recently
*

his

paternalestate, in
a

the county of in
one

*
,

has retired

erected
recesses

monument,
a

of the

most

of

glen,to
"

the virtues of

Washington and Epaminondas.

small
of pillar

It

consists of
on a

white

marble,
"

ing standwide-

pedestalof
secures

black it from

granite. A
the sun,
"

spreadingoak
and
moss screen

and

ivy,
east

it from

the winds.

On

the the

side of this cojuinn is

simplyinscribed

name

St. Pierre.

201

of

the

Grecian
round

hero ; the

on

the

west, that of the

written
"

American;
best

is pedestal

"

The

of men,
two

Man

has declared decide *.

"

them;
Some

the better littleway the friendship

of the

let Heaven

farther on, is a of Tacitus

tablet, commemorating
and Ovid Pliny; and

Propertius-f* ;
and

Rucellai
Sannazaro

and

Trissino; Petrarch
Pietro

Colonna;
and

and

Bembo;

Boileau

Racine.

CLXIX. which
be has
seen

temple,erected
the the summits
to

on

small

tain, moun-

overlooks

vale,and
of all the
"

which

can

from

largerones,
are

been busts

dedicated
of and
and

liberty. In

the niches

the

Alfred, Edgar, and

Howel-Dha;
and

Hambden Wallace others

are

Sidney ;
Chatham.
on
"

Somers

Camden of
a

The the

names

few
not

inscribed

ceiling; theyare

Note
rv.

59.
el.

f Ovid

de

Trislibus, lib.
remarkable Gracchus
and

,10.
"

Valerius

Maximus
"

gives

several

instances Caius

of ancient

friendships.
Rheginu*

Sempronius
and and

Blosius
and and D.

; Lucius

Servilius
CEelius
;

Caepio ;
Servius and

Voluranius

Lucullus; Petronius
Brutus;
and

Terentius

Laelius

and

Scipio; Agrippa
and

Augustus
; Orestes

; Damon

Pythias;
"

ander Alex-

Hephestion
7.

and

Pylades.

Valer.

Max.

Lib.

iv.

c.

202

numerous,

for Philotes has and historians, between

long doubted

the evidence

of

has learnt the art of distinguishi

"

and demagogues. patriots

our

In

the

are library

of suspendedportraits

torians, best hisof

and

philosophers: Bede,
"

the father

English history ; Robertson,the Livyof Scotland;

Gibbon, who
of
an

traced of

the decline and and philosophy

not fall,

only

but empire, who

taste; and Ros.

coe,

illumines the annals of mankind

by
the

tory his"

of the restoration of literature and There and also

"

arts.

are

the busts

of

Locke, Bacon, Boyle,

Paley.

In the saloon

hang, as largeas life, Gainsborough

Reynolds
and and

whole

of length portraits
of

Wright Barry ;
lead
to

Derby;
and

Sir Joshua
"

Fuseli the

West.

In the

which cloisters,

chapel,are
the

small

marble

monuments,

commemorating

virtues of

SherTillotson,
and

Lowth, locke,and Hoadley; Blair,

"

Porteus.

Near

the the

which fountain,
of

waters

the

garden,

stands
a

statue

Hygeia,holdingin
are

her hand
names

on tablet,

which

inscribed
Hunter.
"

the

of the

Harvey, Sydenham,
character of
a

and

Health, in

Fawn, supports

the bust of Armstrong.

**.

CLXX.

On

an

at obelisk,

the farther end

of

203

the

shrubbery, hang
other

two

medallions; one
; these
are

of

Nelson, the

of Moore

the

only
to
"

warriors, to whom
pay

Philotes has
of admiration

been
and
"

anxious

the

homage

gratitude.

Beneath

that of Nelson

is inscribed

stranger!
this medallion exhibits
OF the

portrait

THAT

GREAT WHOSE

AND

GOOD

MAN,

DEATH,
OF

THE AFTER

ENEMIES SUSTAINING

HIS

COUNTRY, DEFEAT,

DECISIVE

HAILED,
as the proudest
of

their

victories!

Under

the the

medallion

of

General
written

Moore

is inscribed
tryman, coun-

following stanza,
"

by

his

Burns.
'*

Nae

could
comes

teaze faint-hearteddoubtings
; wi'

him:

Death

fearlesseye
a

he

sees

him ;
;

fVi'

bloodyhand
And
when

welcome he

him gie's

fa's,
leaves him, breathing

His latest draughtof

In

faint huzzaes."

CLXXI.

column, erected

on

the

highest peak

204

of the

mountains,celebrates
and

the virtues and

genius
"

of Newton

Halley,Ferguson and Herschell.

Embosomed
four of

in trees,

through which
many

are

formed

so shadyvistas, exhibiting

resemblances.
of Gothic
among

fretted

aisles,stands
"

temple

architecture.
mosses

Eolian lilies of which

harps,
the

concealed

and
near

decorate valley, of

the

windows,
and

stand the statues and modern the Mozart.

"

Haydn

Handel, Pleyel
some

Paintings,
the

by

of and

our

best

artists, cover
"

walls of in with

of ceilings
are pictures

temple.
Taliesin
of

The

subjects indulging listening,

harp;
of Furioso
pen

these

represented as
"

various

amusements.
to

is
own

rapture,
is

the

sounds

his

Chaucer the Rose;

of

occupied

in

his writing

Romance

the Spenser is reading

Orlando

Ariosto;Shakespeare is dippinghis
a

in the appears

of overflowings

human

heart; Milton

with awful wrapt in silent ecstasy, contemplating

devotion the

opening of
to

cloud,which
eye

sively progres-

unfolds
of

his astonished
"

the wonders

the

Empyrean.
into
"

Otway
at

is
sorrows

represented, as
of
crown

melting
Monimia.
from

tears,

the

his

own

Pope

is

a receiving

of laurel is

his master,

Homer;

A'kenside

refreshing
Naiads;

his intellectualthirst, at the fountain of the

206

In
stands basin.
"

an

behind this portico, alcove, immediately

a

statue,
The

over leaning

circular marble

statue
we

is that of

female, in whose

countenance
NYMPH
OF

immediatelyrecognise the
FOUNTAIN OF TEARS.
an

THE

At

the foot of the Alcaic

is pedestal

inscribed of Mr.

elegant

from fragment,

the pen

Gray*.
stands

CLXXIII.

few

yards farther

on,

an

old sycamore,
when
a

by planted
on
a

the father of

Philotes,

boy;

ing tablet is inscribed the follow-

invitation.
INSCRIPTION. Oh From

thou!

who

hither
vales

com'st
or

from

far,

peaceful

fie'ds of war,

From
Or With Here

Wolga's fiercelyrolling tide,

banks, whose
and
moss

Arar's

mossy is covered world

no

side

thyme
rest

o'er,
more

and

try

the

Here,

where

flowers,

of various

hue,

In modest Where In

pride attract

thy view; heights descend, wildly

adown and health bend the

rills from

mountain and

gurgling streams,
murmuring
peace where charm and the the

Their

course

vale,

Where
And And

love

prevail ; prolong,
soii".
"

birds woods

their nofes

with

warbling
Fons ! See.

* O

Lacbrymarum

20T

"

"

Oh!

from pilgrimfly those the

every

earthrywoe,
these
scenes

And

taste

raptures, which
beset

bestow

Fly
And

from

world,
in

with

passionsrude,
"

fix

thy home

peacefulsolitude.

CLXXIV.
near an

Higher up

the

mountain,in

gle, din-

mited which lets in an almost unliopening, ing view of the surrounding country, the followaddresses itselfto the stranger. inscription

INSCRIPTION.

Dost Seek From Thine

Of

thou, oh! stranger, from

in these all the humble

the

world's

turmoil,

awful

scenes,

safe retreat thou dost build

ills of life ?" Ere

cottage

on

the

rocky banks

this wild
on

torrent, read

these who
*

simple lines,
knew the
*

Carv'd

this bark
*

by
*

one,

world.

"

Seek'st

thou

contentment
secrets

in this
of thine

lonelyspot?"
heart.
"

Examine
Hast
If not
"

first the

"

thou

fulfilled the
thee
scenes

duties of the world

reclaim

thy station?"

"
"

return

to

again,
those

And Which No
Who

in its

busy

hours,

"

vice wrung

from

thee; for,in solitude,

wretched the man, world leaves

"

happiness

awaits

that

"
"

leaves the
"

world,
find

because

him."

No!
Must
"

He,

who'd

enjoyment when
and

alone,
"

first be

wise, be innocent

good.

"'

But

if,oh! stranger! thou

of

art hither

driven,

"

By

wrongs

fortune,
the rude and

or

the and

wrongs awful

of man, character
"

Charmed Of these

with
wild

"

rocks

mountains,

look

around

"

208

"'

Scan

every
a

objectwith
be
"

curious

eye,

"

Let not Has These Welcome Tells No

spot

lost, since Solitude

"

**

built her
woods

temple here.
and

These
and

towering rocks,
this

"

mountains
:
"

winding

stream

"

thycoming

every

object

round
to year,

"

thee, that here, from

passingyear thy rest.

"

'*

bold

intruder will disturb

"

Contentment And At
At

reignswithin
dances
on

the

glen below,
top
:

*'

Freedom

the mountain's

"

earlymorn,
close

the hunter's

call is

heard,

"

of* day the the

shepherd'ssimplepipe
its rustic note.
"
"

"

Charms
"

lone

valleywith
here

"

Pause, wanderer,
near

then

go

no

farther
the

on

"
"

"

And

this

spot, which
for
had

overlooks

glen,

"

Erect What
O'er

thy
time

home:" the
sun

here,in happy hour,

shed
a

"

his

evening

ray

"(

all the

prospect
kind

rude,

gentle maid,
and

"

(Form'd in
In all the

nature's

best

happiestmood)

"

sweet

of heart, simplicity
sweetest

"

Call'd

this,' the

that spot,

she had

ever

seen!'"

CLXXV.
under
an

The
old yew
"

lines following
tree

were

written
your
member, re-

in the

of church-yard
as

favourite

The village.stands in
a

church,

you

may
a

down valley,
summer
a

which
:

rivulet

murmurs,
assumes

unseen,

the during

in winter it
"

all the exceed the

importanceof beauty of

torrent.

Nothing

can

this retiredspot, which of the

combines
some
"
"

all the wild

graces

with valley,
scenery.

of mountain of the finest specimens

Were

said Colouna, one bishop,"

day, to

209
i( Juliet, lovely friend,

our

and

resided in this
wish

rectory, the
would

I should only translation,

"
"

for,

be to Heaven!"
our

And

were

you

buried

here," returned
the decorate odorous

amiable

to friend, pointing
"

which adorned flowers,

your
as

the graves,

I would
as

tomb
"

with
"

and as flowers, lovely

"

these."

he, Then," replied

"

wish,

that I could die to-morrow."

OCCASIONAL.

Here
Far The

let from

me

rest

"

In

this
of the
a

sequestered glen giddy world,

the tumults

joys, the hopes,

I

energies of life,

Pleas'd

resign.
rude, woods,
my which that
rear

Those And

mountains
those dark

their their

heads

so

high,

screen

giant sides,
snows
:

Should
And that

shield

monument

from rolls my

northern
unseen

wild
murmur

stream, which
music
silence
near

below,
grave.
"

Should
As Ah

humble

in oblivious ! how

repos'd,
my
at

delighted, were
some

peaceful spirit,

Should

sweet

maid,

midnight's solemn
approving moon,)
soft repose, her
my tears

hour,

(Led by Approach
Pleas'd The In
rose

the

radiance

of th'

that

spot, where slept, and

long, in
water

I have and

with around

woodbine,

that

tomb,
grow
;

chaste,
from

in generous, her the

circlingclusters
scattered from
"

While

lap

she

flowers

around,

Cull'd, in
Of
VOL.
some

evening,
:

the

collage door
would

good peasant
11.

All around
P

smile:

"

210

And Would Could While

every

wood
to

and

every
what

mountain

wild

sigh
be
so

know,

dear, enchanting maid,

so

and chaste,so faithful,

my

good

from

tomb,

with it

pleasure
was

and
"

regret,

My

heart would

whisper

Juliet.

CLXXVI.
the defects of the dulness

When

we

have

been

annoyed by ignorance,
of
lettered un-

the imbecility, of

conceit of

pedantry,the
the observe

arrogance

pride,or
a

offensive
men,

of impertinence

fool:

"

when

we

with gifted
an

fine

more talents,

solicitous to

gaina wide, than

eager
to

nourable ho-

and reputation,

their prostitute

the vices,and integrity by flattering

becoming
the rich:
of
"

panders
when
to
we

to
are

all the base

of passions the

with disgusted irritated in

:
"

malice

man

man,

and

the beholding in
our

baseness

of

woman

to woman

when,

intercourse

with

the
own

world,we

in love societies, perceive

with their

deficiencies, forming conspiracies against

and genius,

and taste, learning,

were,
"

becoming,

as

it

scavengers

to

the very lowest the of

dependentsof

folly: when,
or

among

high, the intermediate,

observe
men,
to

the

orders abject

we vulgarity

(whose
*he

information

extends their

no

farther, than

reputed folliesof

and associates,

whose

211

is industry

exerted

only
we

in the

of propagation
men

their errors,)when

observe

of this

temptible con-

employed actively proportion

endeavour the let
to

in

vain

reduce

the consequence

of others to

standard of their own disgraceful the valley turn to the vale, or us

littleness,
"

the

glen,and

listen to their echoes!

CLXXVII.

When

you

behold

and genius

tue vir-

destitute of bread ; and in chariots and honoured

you
see men

and ignorance

ling vice rol"

by the world;
an

when
age, from
fort com-

into sliding
one

indecent

old

without

having derived
without

maxim practical
one enjoying

and experience, from

a

solid
you

retrospect of the past:

"

when

serve ob-

characters, to
looked
an

whom

the

world

has

long

up

for

of conduct, bartering consistency

honest

independence for
a

the title:
"

meretricious when
men,

splendour of
the
a

dishonourable
on

the greatest libels

are

whose
on

lives and their

a

characters

ironical

mottoes

escutcheons,
employment: dignified

catch

importance from fugitive

"

when
sacred

the

able honouran Rector, filling

and

and station,

belonging to
are

that

order, who highlyrespectable

of that

the

ministers
my

admirable

master, who
v

said," Take

212

yoke
and

upon

you,

and

learn of me;
the

for I

am

meek

lowlyof heart*;"when
before
"

Rector,offensively
"

inflated with

imaginary consequence, high heaven,

you
see

such plays the

pranks

that e'en

angels
order

weep;"
of

when

envy,

the inverting others

:

nature,

by weeping
others

when

and rejoice, you

see

when rejoicing,

weep

when

folly

with rapture, at the occasional weaknesses smiling, of genius, or the unconscious of misconceptions

excellence:

"

when

men,

whose

only qualifications
influence
or

arise from

wealth, from

from

rank, usurp
or

the chair of

and magistracy, best you

ing stretchwith

relaxingthe laws, as

accords
to

passionor convenience,induce
is of
no
"

regret there

In those moments for magistrates ; college and mortification, Lelius, pity,disgust, my

to

descend
your

the

margin of

the

which river,

washes the

from impressions domain, and, catching of before eternity

;
"

emblem
to

you,

resign your thoughts

of your all recollection
a

meditation

and, in the day dreams

exemption from fancy, anticipate

of the past, and increased
"

enjoyment from

templation con-

of the future!

CLXXVIII*

As

the soul of taste weeps

ch.
xi.
v.

grate-

Mat.

29.

214

;
"

And

never

will Colonna
an

forget the ecstasy, beheld, for

waters,
the the first

subsidinginto
which

agreeable melancholy, with

Juliet
of

the beautiful
broad

time, the
the

expanse
ocean,

opening into
a tain, moun-

Atlantic which

from
a

top of
and

commanded

long
of

almost

limited un-

prospect of the
and

coasts

Devon,
Holmes,

set, Somer-

Cornwall

the

isles of

Caldy, Inon,

and of

Lundy,

with the

bays of Oxwich
"

and
a

Carmarthen

and

Rosilly: where,
could
be

with

single

glance of
line
of

the

eye,

observed the

the whole

coast,

stretchingfrom
the
to

point

near

Aberthaw,
Carmarthen,
of

along
even

shores
St.

of

Glamorgan

and

Gowen's,
east

in the county
to

Pembroke:

and

while,from

numerab west, in-

mountains, of various

heights,presented extremity of
shire Brecknockwith the
of

themselves,in
the

the

northern

horizon, the black mountains

appeared
clouds.
"

to

mingle

themselves

After

observingthis prospect,
the

till the

eye, rather than

mind, was
to

wearied, Colonna
describe her
tions. sensa-

requestedhis companion
"
"

I
"

cannot

define

after them," she replied,

and
awe,
cannot

pause,

but
"

I feel astonishment
a

taking parpress, ex-

of fear;
but

rapture, which
in
some

which,

measure,

resembles

215

what

when felt,

I firstheard
"

an

anthem, channted
sensation I cannot
from

in Hereford

cathedral.

This
as

describe,but
a

it appears,
my my own;

if it emanated while and

a

mind

to superior
over

soft,pensive
me

stillness steals

senses

inclines

to

sleep."
"

After

the luxury of indulging

meditation Co-

for

some

time, the fair Enthusiast

the

of enquired
were

lonna,whether
for

lines following felt

a

original,
so

she

had

never

inclination poetical

as strongly

that moment.

"

As

from I view

this yon

rock,
waves

at

evening's purple time, majestically roll,

and what dread of my

What

awful
on

wonder,
the

sublime
soul !
"

Steals

pensive stillness

"

The

lines

are

so

good, my
not not:

dear

said CoJuliet,"

lonna, "
are

that

I will

enquire,whether
I know
"

they

or strictly original

you

think that does

not

they

are

so,

and

it is sufficient.
of
a

He

who steal,
*

is unconscious
in

theft*."
the of sea, the and the of into

Florus, sinking

describing it, had

the upon
at

which effect, the the

sun,

into

minds

soldiers

Decimus
bombast.
omnes
"

Brutus, aiming
Decimus Brutus

sublime, degenerates

aliquanto latius Gallajcos, atque

militibus
non

Gallasciae

populos, formidatumque
victor
oceani littore

flumen si qua

oblivionis convertit

peragratoque
quam cadentem

prius

in maria

solem, obrutumque
et horrore

aquis

ignem

non

sine

metu quodam sacrilegii

deprehen-

216

CLXXX.

Recurring,my
of your

Lelius,to
me

the recal

cumstanc cirto

melancholy, let

your

recollection, that, as
and
one

Melancholy
the the

is the

daughter of Genius, Misfortune, both

the

Sorrow
and

of offspring
may
"

other

be

productiveof long
one

and

lasting happiness.
is will be
be

No
an

will

venture

to

assert, that vicissitude

few

but objectof desire,

hardy enough
tial essen-

to

deny, that vicissitude may

of productive

good :

"

Sweet

are

the

uses

of and

adversity,
venemous,
"

Which,
Bears

like

the

toad, ugly

yet

precious jewel

in its head.

Plato

gives

it

as

his decided befal

to
a

opinion,that
man,

all

which misfortunes, redound

virtuous

will ultimatel in the

and
so

his

advantage,either
of existence
:
"

present
assured

or

in

future

state

am

I of the truth and

of justice it
a

this

solatory con-

doctrine, that I
on

esteem

duty,imperative

polemics,to
Curtius

wave

every

disputed point
of the
awe

dit.

"

Quintus

gives

an

account
at

and the

prehension ap-

of Alexander's
near

soldiers Indus:
"

the

sight of

ocean,

the

opening
when in

of

the

they
tide
had

.were to

surprised
vise been !
"

and
as

alarmed,

they height
!
"

observed

the who

so

high,

thirtyfert
to the

They,
of the

only

accustomed

tranquil waters

Mediterranenn

217

in

in theology,

order to unite all

men

in the persuasion,
the

that every is just,

more
a

misfortune, occurringto
will times
"

root, which
a

far produce a harvest,

commensurate

than

thousand

with

the evil

inflicted. previously

Explorant
Nittitur
ad

adversa laudem

viros,perque

aspera

duro
"

virtus interrita clivo.

Silius Italicus.

CLXXXI.

As

sooner conscience,

or

venges relater,

herself upon
to

those,who
does

have

had the

folly

wound

her,

so

happinessrevenge presumed
the
and
to
name

herself

upon her

all those,who
name

have

confound and the

and

her

with qualities
"

of pleasure. Pleasure qualities

my

happiness,
other,as
dantry pe-

Lelius,are
is from

as

distinct from

each

and learning,

oratory from

logic ;
ference, difand

between
are
so

all of
often
as

which, though by the vulgarthey

as

confounded, there is
between

wide

earths and

insects plants,

animals. the

"

Pleasure
;

consists in the

indulgenceof

senses

mind,
"

and

happinessin the cultivation of the in the right direction of our passions.

one

While

the
was

soothes

us

into

content, the

other, as
its

observed finely
"

stings by Tertullian,
know-

to

death.

-Philosophy,teaching the

G18

as ledgeof things, Language

teaches

the know
a

ledge of words, like

never corollary,

an

argument

endingin

just
with
as

fails to reward
measure

her followers
: happiness
"

a
one

commensurate

of

and

as the philosopher,

Duke
a

de la Rochefoucault

trulyremarks, is worth
so one

thousand

grammarians,
be

moment

of real of

happinessis to
"

preferred

to

thousand

pleasure.
He
be esteemed

CLXXXII.
honest

can

never

an

wdl-wisher

of

who society,
or

would

take

fear from

the eyes of the base,

of
us

rob

unmerited

misfortune
"

its best and

of
;
"

cheapest consolation.
steals
of
our

Who

robs

our

purse, robs be
us

that,which

is of littlevalue steals that, which who

weakens and

who
may

reputation,

againrecovered;but he,
our

and undermines

faith for the justice

from
us

the love of

Heaven, takes

all consolation

for the past,all happiness for the present,

and

all

hope
who

for the future. wish

me

"

Were

metan, Mahotill

I should the man,

me a

to

believe in
was an

Mahomet,

told
and
a

he

impostor,gave
than his.
"

better
our

nobler
us

creed
our

Why

will
us

rob sceptics
return

of

diamonds,

and

give

pebblesin
CLXXXIII.

?
"

True

those despising philosophy,

219

dogmas, which
of in return, is the

would

undermine

the

happiness
value of
jects, obciting ex-

millions, without
as

leavingan
the

adequate
it is

to grateful

as soul,

one

highestenjoyments
worthy
an

of life

to

meet

with

of

our

esteem,

and
"

capable of
In the

honourable

admiration.

vation culti-

of

it,my
wealth

Lelius,you
can

will find

enjoyments,
neither which the
more

which

no

purchase ;
can

of which
; and

nor treachery

envy

deprive you

has world

this

that excellence, peculiar

to

the

more

seeks

render

you

miserable,the
you

will she

struggleto
of

render

happy.
"

It
to
was

was

knowledge
to
a

that enabled this, kind

of
"

Colonna

reply
quently freme,

waspish
such
be

neighbour, who
Nature

annoying him,
with sir, should
a

has endowed

for happiness,that disposition of for all appetite losing

in
had

danger
she
you,
"

joyment, en-

not to

kindlyblest
as an

me

with

such

an

enemy my

as

act

occasional pungent
like other friend,
been

to

palate." Philosophy,my
has good characters,
the weak the and

great and

taken highlymisthe

by
subtle.
"

by wantonly injured
was

As
the

wolf

fabled

to

have

rowed bor-

fleece of the
every

sheep, so
age,

have

the artful
of

and

of designing,

assumed

the robe

with and sparkling philosophy,

factitioussplendour.

220

imposed upon
of the
extent

the

and credulity
"

insulted the faith

and
to

and imbecile; ignorant

such

an

has this
success

imposturebeen carried,and
the

with

such

has

empiricismbeen
and been

attended,
as

that she

Philosophyherself, pure
is,havingso

immaculate with

long

associated
been

such

dishonourable

companions, has
total dissolution.
"

in urgent

danger of

CLXXXIV.
above from
every

herself But, proudly elevating she difficulty, ashes.

"

rises like the

phcenix

her

own

Deceived

by

the

of gravity

the

of precision Pedant, the world, undervaluing

a

thought, and
conceives
sterious.
"

consequent
be

of style, perspicuity obscure dull, and

mys-

to philosophy

Totally ignorant,that
affectation

real science

is for

they personified, simplicity depth, and

an

mistake

mystery

of

knowledge

for the

of learning;not quintessence in the grand school advanced

being sufficiently
of nature
to

know,

that mystery

and

pedantry are

nothingbut despicable
of

for hiding-cloaks

the concealment Hence arises the

rance igno-

and

nonsense.

"

spurious
"

association of
The

real with
at
war

fictitious with
a

philosophy.
an

always latter,

truth, like
slender

verted in-

pyramid stands

upon

and basis,

222

or a naturalist, logician, yet is he not the less either liberal, modest, or charitable :" so, for being is not the less philosophic, For his mind who,

be

"

making
human

allowances

for the

natural

of imbecility

nature, and

knowing the

influence of

nion, opiof

cultivates the respect and the admiration

the world
never

at

large. In
"

this experiment, however,

"

will he

be of

solicitous. anxiously
the obtaining
a

An

over-

leaning desire
man,
we

esteem

of every

meet, is
"

sure

indication of mental

becility. im-

He the

is not, at alltimes, the best of men,

of generality of

of whom
"

the world

speaks well
too

for,in its estimate

overlooks fortune for in charity,

character,the world
too

often

motive,and
with the

ciating assofrequently,

mistakes virtue,
same

ostentation it mistakes

manner,

as

license for

and liberty,

freedom

berality of morals for li-

of sentiment.

CLXXXVII.
worst

Neither ishe
of whom
"

to

be esteemed

the

of men,

certain

of description

persons

speak ill.
no more

Vice

and

virtue, being oppoThe votaries of

to
"

will sites,

associate

other,than with^each
"

exotics will naturalize in the one,

"

Egypt.

therefore, are,

of

enemies necessity,

the

other, with
virtue

this remarkable

that distinction,
own

(from the excellence

of its

is nature,)

223

of hating vice to capable virtue. of hating iscapable

not
"

the excess, that vice To minds of

a
mon com-

stamp, talents and

"

geniusare

unpardonable
almost duces in-

the for,speaking provocations by a synecdoche, ;

world

makes
us

war

upon

and excellence,

to

call those
any

unfortunate,who
"

dare be

eminent which

in

thing. Reputation,therefore, gainedwithout

the exercise of
our

is sometimes

merit,is
virtues
of
as

as

lost by frequently
our

of

vices ;

our

as one good qualities,

the first often

moralists

of

the
to
more

age

has

truly observed,
and

exposingus
all the illswe

hatred To
be

do.

"

than persecution, well spoken universally

a

of, we

must

either possess

vast
or

fund

of

good

nature, be
:
"

inordinately weak,
Sir
"

cious viinordinately
was customed ac-

for, as
to

Roger L'Estrange
universal
a

say,

an

is seldom applause
"

less than crawl

to

two-

thirds of

scandal."
to

We

must

the

great, stoop
to

the

rich,flatter the
every
to

weak, and listen

the

calumnies,which
not

unworthy knave,
has the
a

if he has

the baseness
to

vent, in-

constructive

baseness
a

circulate,
tempt con-

without !
"

look of We
must

abhorrence, or
be

smile of

rich !
"

and, above

all,we
"

must

not

of to independence aspire

character !

CLXXXVIII.

Three

of the

principal reasons,

224

why
so

men

of

and enlarged

liberal minds

are

beloved
a

littleby the world

in

arise from general, which

tain cer-

degree of fear, with

by the vulgar ;
awe,
an

they are
them
so

regarded
of
; and

unacknowledged sensation
of their

with which

the great observe

from

the circumstance

being
"

difficult to be
a They require

playedupon
master's hand

minds. by ordinary
to

draw

from
"

them The

either touch

harmony,
of

melody,

or

even

euphony.

vulgar

elicitsnothingbut fingers

the discord of

: sincerity

for,measuringevery object by its proper

it is with
of
"

standard,
tempt con-

difficulty they conceal pride and

few
are

their utter

and vanity, vulgarity of

rance. ignogive, for-

Independence

character the

is

quality, capable
shall
?
"

which therefore,

have
so

to magnanimity

though few
of
men

base, but theyare

admiring.
"

In

this

whither wilderness,
turn

of such

order superior

for comfort

For

which prompt they have virtues,

;

them

to

love
be

mankind

which sympathies,
to

need

only
but

to

awakened,

draw

most

music exquisite
and and

; and

though they respect,

those upon

admire

love

few,

they do respect, admire

their nerves

love, may
"

play

justwhat stop they please.

In this wilderness
of selfishness of
a

CLXXXTX.
and
error,

where

all the

homage

general

225

respect is usurped by the rich and the

whither
to

dignified,
fort com-

shall
be

theyturn

for comfort

?
"

Is any !
"

found, my

Lelius?

"

you
"

pause

Yes

"

Even

in this world
:
"

comfort,

excellent the most

as

comfort

can

be found

for

though,for

part, men
much
diality cor-

of limited
as

hate genius with capacities the

ugly and

deformed
a

hate noble

beauty*,
and

there are,

nevertheless, a few,
few, scattered

criminat dis-

through the world, to

to

cultivate
and
to

whose

esteem,

deserve

whose would
of

love,
not

excite Mount

whose

admiration,who
even

climb
or

Etna,

in the midst
of

winter,
in
men

toil

through all
of
"

the sands ?
"

Ethiopia even
of such
"

the midst
as

summer

The
"

esteem

these
"

one

friend this

one

mistress this vain

and

one

God!

Oh!

world,
a

and

anxious
"

world, my
CXC.
*

Lelius,is
Riches and
the

after paradise

all !

rank, grandeur
conduct of .persons
a

and

power, tion descripwho tin ir

are

We
to

may that

compare of
an

of this

Ourang

Outang,

species of beings,
a

shew

no

mercy,
"

when

they unfortunately get

are

Man

into

power.
tame

While

they

kept
but

in the

awe

and

subjection, they
an

and

submissive;
is

moment

rives, opportunity ar-

their malice
"

inveterate,and

their

vengeance

is

plete. com-

VOL.

II.

226

it is true, command the be vulgar, in ermine

a

the

gaze

and

admiration
in rags but
"

or

that
or

vulgar clothed
in
to

or

in

lawn,

purple:

"

what

gives

their posessors that

"

gout

enjoyment ?
is
a

what, but
our

felix

which infelicitas,"

mingled with
on
a

fate, and

which
Does finds

operates
any
not
one

as

bitter

weary

palate.
"

recline upon

the bosom

of

love, and

his

when delight heightened,

he recals to mind
?
"

the

difficulties of his

earlypassion

Thus

the elegant and accomplished sings

Sadi:

"

How
I've The

oft, when
wept
my

far

from

her

lov'd,
away

night sleepless
thou hast

!
"

anguish, Sadi,
Augments
the

prov'd,
"

raptures of to-day !

As

well may

we

expect
has first

to

gather the
as

fruit of the
to

vine before

the tree

blossomed,
of tasting

expect
"

happinesswithout
is a cavern,
my

vicissitude.
all must
"

It

Lelius,throughwhich
the

pass

before

they enter
never

Elysian fields.
been

Had

FlaTheoof

vius Boethius

imprisoned by
his visited the
on

deric,he

had

never

written
never

Consolation

had Philosophy; he had

never

Grotius

Hague,

composed

his Treatise

the Truth

227 of the of Religion.In the plenitude absolute authority the haughtiest that ever despot, has no a throne, to imprison disgraced or power enthrall the mind. The dead to all the captive,
" "

Christian

world

but

if possessedof virtue himself, if once imagination,

more

and

cultivated noble
and

in delighting

the

beautiful

scenes

in the material tion for meditaHis

in gathering food world, or gratified in the which

more

still is intellectual, quarry, in which he

free.
"

mind,

is

far gathersriches,
or

than valuable,

either silver

round

the frontiers of the

to paints

gold,roves while memory creation,

fields, tains rocks, mounbeheld with
guish an-

his mental
"

eye

and

forests.

Those
now

ever objects,

with

and lively pleasure,

remembered

charm melancholysatisfaction,
to

and he
a

lull his looks and

rests

repose.
:
"

"

From

nature

up

to

nature's God voice the

breathes

with

low and

solemn

of history
no

his wrongs,

securely
a

that satisfied,
so

prayer,

from springing upon.

"

source

pure,

is

ever

frowned
are

All his powers action ; passages the

been

of association

brought into
are

of his favourite poets

recited with energy; which

he had

of those sciences, to principles

attached in his
he hears

youth,are

and confirmed; analysed

once,

those

airs in music, which

Q
2

had

22S

power

to

charm

him, againtitillatehis
once

ear

; those

domestic
are

which landscapes, with

him, delighted
vass can-

drawn
;

his mental strict fidelity on

while the

of Corregio, of Claude, paintings of Bassano

appear
"

of

Poussin,and

to

decorate

the

walls and niches of his treads beholds the abode of

he prison. Again,in fancy, the

the great and columns of the

good ;

he the

the marble

and rich,

woodbine
music

at the ; he sighs cottage of the indigent

of the

torrent; treads,with
of the dead

solemn with

steps, foot-

the mansions

; or,

happy

reclines transition,
his

beneath
"

the

oak, that shelters

sensible

paternaldwelling.
he has lost truth is

Now

he becomes
or

of what

by imprudence,
seen

gained by
hue
;

experience ;
is prejudice

in all its sober

dissolved ; every

motive
medium

of

human
a

action is observed and

throughthe
the

of is

clear
of

faithful

mirror, and

mind

purged
"

errors,

by which

it has been

long abused.

CXCI.

Such

are

the

of advantages

brilliant

imaginationand
which

corrected would
;
"

judgment
almost

under

cumstanc cirthe

annihilate

faculties of inferior minds

which -circumstances,
an stimulating

begin by deadening,but
exalted and heroic
"

finish in

spirit.

230

that
act

so vipers,

hideous and
to
an

so

noxious

to

our

sight,

as

restoratives
so

emaciated

habit,while
neral mi-

mercury,

ineffective in its primitive state, when

with

and combined separated into particles

acids,becomes,
most

as

it is

the administered,
admirable all this to fine of
our

violent of
*

poisonsor
while
us

the most recal

remedies

;
"

and

we

let recollection,
on

not

the forget
an

culcated moral, in-

in the

canton

of chimney-piece of Friburg:
"

inn at

Brisack,

Antidotum
Yictrix.
"

vitas Si bene

patientia ;
vis

sola

malorum
"

vincere, disce pati.

CXCII. fire-side so

Do

we

ever

taste
we

the

of pleasures been the

an

our

as highly,

when

have

exposed,
frost and old

for the greater part of the

snow

day, to

without ?
"

With
been

what

joy does
to

pilot,
and
tivity, na-

whose

youth

has

spent upon
the of
a

rough
his

boisterous
to
"

element, retire

placeof

enjoythe
What upon

rewards

meritorious

dustry! in-

comfort
one

does he derive in his little of the that dirTs, overlook

rounded sur-

hut, reared
the
ocean

Seated his

and by his cheerful fire, does he

by

family,how
Art.

as delight,

Yid.

Argentum

vivuin.

231
he feels a few

remaining impulses of
recount

once

venturou adships, hard-

to spirit,

the
a

numerous

he Those and with Even

has

endured and

upon

distant
at

main!

"

winds

storms,

that howl
to

midnight, repose!
"

which

once

were

accustomed lull him unattended

fillhis mind
to

now apprehension, a

is not shipwreck
"

by

thetic sympa-

pleasure*!
CXCIII.
sickness ?
"

Have how
our

we

been frame

tost

upon

bed

of

is

our

re-animated, when,
we

from escaping

chamber,
at

inhale the breath renders period,

of
us

morning!
"

All nature,
song of

that

the satisfaction;

of

birds,the bleating

of

sheep, the lowing

are

the bubbling of cattle,

"

waters,
as

music

to

our

ears.

Nature, dispensing

it

were

for us, her

the

most

agreeable perfumes,
every
are so

expands all
see,

while beauties,
sound ardent
we

objectwe
many

and

every

hear,

in-

of spirers
our

that
"

which gratitude,

distends

breast.

When

the

mind

has been the

to

weakened

by

severe

application ; when
sorrow,

heart, lacerated by
be charmed
CO.

acute

refuses

even

by

changing

Note

232

fortune*; and
which
from

when
a

we

would

not

hesitate to

give the priceof

those

for village of

that

vegetable +,

has the power

debilities, healing arising

what
or

powerfulcauses,
other, than
the rural

can

more

liorate ame-

the influence
tone to

of the one,

givea
of

decided

the

view

fields and
adorned The fects ef-

meadows,
with the

peopled with
of assemblages
are

animals,or industry r
"

rural

of all these Eolian modes

to equal
:

that of the

Lydian or
storms
"

of music soothe

they pacify the

the salliesof

and of illfortune,

passion.

CXCIV.
friend?
"

Have When

we

lost
our

dear and affectionate

us a

shall
"

allow grief the world

respite

for consolation ?

Has

neglectedour

Pectora, longishabetata
Non sollicitas ponunt
hoc rebus felix miseros credere

malis,
curas

Proprium
Nunquam
Redeat
Tamen

sequitur vitiutu,
laetis.
"

Fortuna

licet, piget"

afflictosgaudere
surgens flere dolor sed
ex

Nulla
Hos

causa

jubet,

vagus

intro

"

Terror Oculi Imber

oberrat, subitos
fletus j
nee causa

fuud"$jt
subest,

vultu

nolente

cadit.

"

Seneca.

Thycsth.

Note

G!.

233

merits,or insulted
our delight

our

virtues ?
"

What enchant

shall sight
our

eyes,

what charm

sounds
our

ears,

and

what

odours

senses,

like the perfumes the the

of the gay and hour

of
our

the fields,

music

of torrents, and
nature

animated

visions of
scenes,
"

?
"

For, in

no despair,

like

those,can

viate alleof

from melancholy. Rising

our

the couch

disease, nothing re-animates

sunshine
of
a

frame, like the

corroded

vernal

morning:
at

by

appointe disthe

affection, or
world and
presumes
too

those upon
our

times,when
our

much

misfortunes,
where

too anticipates
we

little from

courage, in the

shall

look
our

for

but consolation,

tion cultiva-

of

better
our

feelings ; in

the conscious
and

tegrity inlime sub-

of
scenes

and hearts, of nature,

in those awful

which, in
"

so

powerful a

manner,

elevate the
or

fancy?
than the

while

points nothing
to

by stronger
eternal

more

association undeceptive

glory,

splendour tranquil
"

of

an

eveningsun,
If
moment at

"

in purple ! blushing

CXCV.
of the

any

time,my days
of

the distress friend,

pear past affliction apthe
row sor-

makes

and of comparativehappiness, clays of

the present is
to

too

much

for and

human

firmity incon-

bear

with

resolution

with

234

stancy, range with

the groves

me

among

the rocks
or

therine, of St. Caof

of

Dynevaur,
the
one

the towers

Careg-cennon,while
of the waves, and whisperings, sounds.
rove on
"

echo

ing with the dash-

the

other last

sigh with responsive ring with portentous

of the mountain
or rapid rivers,

the
to

Climb
the the

the of

summit

banks

wild and
of
a

among

solitudes let their

to

wild

and

sequestered
per whisso

glen, and
peace worth
an

melancholy consonance
heart.
"

your of

One

hour,

past, is
every
"

age

common

existence!

and

step,
my

so

taken, is

one

step towards
are

heaven.

Ah

how friend, and

much those and

the

of feelings

sorrow

subdued,
scenes so

of
so

admiration

excited
"

in in

grand

impressive!
lose in the

Scenes

which, while
silence all
causes sense

indulging, we
of
sorrow

meditative
most
rious se-

the past, while melt above

of

into

insignificance.
"

The

mind,

elevated

those the

littlecares, which
and

agitate the

ambitious,
up

malignant

the

proud, looks
with

with awe,

while the breast

we

heaves

conscious
we

as gratitude,

that the reflect,

monuments "Magnificent

God,

contemplate in
of is eternity,
a

those father
"

to

the fatherless,

and

friend to the unfortunate.

235

CXCVI. couutry, he

But

from

the found

beauties
to

of the

fine
most

will be

derive

whose consolation, perfect

not soul,

poisonedby
by
miscuous pro"

meretricious

refinements,is
with
as

untainted

intercourse For in the

same

common

society.
more

manner,
can

poet is
a

mated esti-

by those, who
and whose

boast

kindred

spirit,

minds

are

or capableof rising falling

in unison with from

his*,so
scenery, corrected

does he derive the most who possesses

an

joyment en-

elevated

fancy,and
In
a

judgment.
attends

the youth,

love of scenery, which attended

to

ever

cultivated

is imagination,
"

by

the most

beneficial results.
and
to

It contributes
a

licacy, deinspire is

encourage

taste

for whatever
or

beautiful in nature, amiable

in art. much
occupy
"

in morals when

vating capti-

In the

manhood,

realities too
not

mind,

were

it

for the
a

quisite ex-

enjoyments, which
taste

th6

of palate

polite

is enabled
a

to

the journeyof relish,

"

lifewould

appear and

weary

pilgrimage. When
avaricious
and

the the

ignorant
envious

the unfeeling,
omnium eorum,
"

Quorum
ad

interpreter, ut graminaticipoet arum,

quos

proxiine
tur

divinationem interpretantur,

viden-

acvedere

Cicero (le Dioi:i.

236
their to display opportunities
much

possess

so

many
so

and passions,

inclination

to

palsy the

exertions should
be

of

tortured industry,

we by anxiety,

ready to exclaim with

were

the

highlyqualified
to

Cicero, that
repose
we us once renounce more

the Gods in the

offer to

cradle of
"

infancy,

would
sweet

the boon.

But, captivated
the imagination,

by the

allurements of the world

taste.

of the
are

misfortunes the

counterbalanced When active

of age,

by

enjoyments of
the

"

life is the

supersededby
old
are no

imbecilities

and

longer flattered by
longer
derive
nor exercise,

the credulities of

hope
of

if

they no
if

health and

fort com-

from

the perceive
no

brilliancies

colour;

they

extract

satisfaction from
of

novelty,nor
conscious
and

melt

with

the tendernesses

love,
sided, sub-

that the storms

of ill-fortune have

enjoy a
of

they beingunreproved by conscience, pers rich consolation in the approvingwhisan

honest succeeded

heart.

"

The

visions fairy

of

hope

are

recollections, by agreeable

of a and anticipations sympathy diffuses its spells,

better world

lull them

to

profound repose.
an

CXCVII.
admirer
of

Gifted

with

exalted all the

fancy, the
a

landscape feels

raptures of

238

are

not

poets, all poets

are

admirers
deck

of scenery.

They
whether
;

people

every
or

grove,

every

object,

animate

inanimate, in glowing colours

a

and, havingformed
like
own

captivating picture,
this of
a

become of
are

the sculptor, enamoured Pigmalion,

their

creations.
to

"

For

faculty, they
mind,
which ard stand-

indebted

the

powers

brilliant imagination,

that noble exalts its possessor

of

of quality far above In

the

the

common

!" humanity powers

the

and

the imagination, personifying pleasuresof which, as

Plato

said of the

soul,are

like the

harmony

of

immaterial,and harp, invisible,

would have selected Urania and power her
a a

divine,Apelles
his

for

model;

in

describing her,Ariosto

Spenser would
of their

have

employed the

utmost

and genius; have

on

in erecting to Palladio, laid the foundations

one
on

would temple,

rock, commanding,
the the shades

side,the
the

Ionian ruins

while islands, of

of

Athens,

Corinth, and
other.
"

of plains

Argolis decorated
her dwelt with

the

In

delineating
would have her

character, Maximus
enthusiasm
on

Tyrius
the her

of brilliancy

of fancy, the intensity of

the beauty feelings,

of signs. her de-

her

and sentiments,

the nobleness

239

CXCIX.
to

As

foil to

these

and beauties,

these

Locke virtues, her

would

sometimes

have

representations, suspected that her charms her plans visionary, were meretricious, and her brilliant promises of so harbingers many disappointment.Not insensible to the objections,
doubted
"

which
the

may

be

raised

to

the cultivation of
we

fancy,the deference,which
of

pay

to to

the his

judgment
taste

Locke,

we

will

not

extend

; and

since the

imagination, well-governed,
it mellows

ameliorates

enlivens retirement, and inquietude, since affections;

expands
would

the

love,

and friendship, dignifies

not
"

sublimes

virtue,who

admirable a so proud of possessing quality? The high enjoyments,which the is justly and beauheart feels in retirement," tifully as
be
"

observed
"

by

celebrated
the

Swiss

pher, philoso"

are

derived

from

The imagination. verdure variegated

of
an

touching aspect
of the

of nature, the

the resounding echoes forests,

petuous im-

torrent, the soft

the melodious

of the foliage, agitation warblingsof the tenants of the of

a

groves, the scenery and all those

rich and extensive

try, coun-

which an objects, compose take such complete agreeable landscape, sion possesof the soul,and so entirely absorb culties, faour
.that the sentiments of the mind
are

by

240

the charms

of the

imagination

verted coninstantly

into sensations of the heart, and the softest emotions

give birth
sentiments." in
"

to

the

most

virtuous the

and

worthy
arrays

In

youth
and

imagination perspective,
wishes.
"

hope

forms fairy
every
our

brilliantcolours.
in
our

At
no

that bound

when period, isfixed to

joy is

or projects

climbed, presents others,yet more height, and one comes bedesire, gratified, high,to overcome;
a

One

means,
more

by

which

youth expects
and
more

another Present ardent

expanded
it rushes

indulge promising.
to
"

difficulties fly before the resolution of

an

mind;
nor

boldlyon;
horse of

it climbs

the

mountain,
has
more

stops
"

to

enjoy the landscape,it

Statius is not

left behind: eager and

the

impetuous*.
the of those youth, in aspirations has
a implanted faculty

CC.
whom of

Such the God

are

of Nature

innate sense or an elegance, perceptive for, in the same feeling; manner, the
most

of harmonic
as

the

wind, fluttering upon

wires

of and

an

Eolian

harpf, produces the

tendv

bewitching

Stare

loco

nescit,pereunt vestigiainille
ferit 62.

Antefugani, absentemque
+ Note

gravis angula

cnmpum

241

music,so
To

has nature's hand

certain
the

speciesof
finer

external

things,
"

Attun'd

organs

of the mind.

When

youth

has

lost somewhat
of sorrow,

of its elasticity,
upon

the effects of

joy and

minds

so

tuned, are
men

far different from of

those,which
common

affect

of

and ordinary feeling

a

"

Joy produces
of

capacity. nity solemsoft,mellow, pathetic

a

thought; sorrow
which and With raises
woman

chastened
to

dignityof
rank
a

manner,

man

the

of

Petrarch
"

to

the elevation of

donna. Maers, flow-

nature

for their real and

her friend, aerial

her

perfumes, her
to

landscapes
has wounded them
of
to

have power their her

charm, when
Stretched
the

the world

and feelings,
"

fortune upon
a

divested
a

favours.

rock, lulled

reveries beside

fall of

fountain, beholding
and
jestic, ma-

nature, here
there

rough and untutored, wild

soft
or

gay, and

or elegant enchanting;

her separate feeling peace

to

contrasted

charms

per whislers, travelover a

their

hearts,they resemble
a

who, having for

long time

wandered

find themselves, on deserts, drearyand pathless

sudden, in

perfumes of
VOL.
II.

where the winding defile, wholesome fruitsand clear aromatics,

narrow,
R

242

invite springs
repose.

to

to enjoyment,

admiration

and

CCI.

But, I think,I hear

my
ear,

you,

my

Lelius,
be

whisper in
chastised
that those lead

that the

must imagination

by

the sober

dictates of

judgment, and

which pleasures,

it undoubtedlyaffords,

in giving ed unlimitif, only to disappointment, in all the wild fancy, wre indulge sway to our and

varieties of its nature,

in

wanton,

free and

fettered, un-

all the

enjoymentsit promises."
argument
is correct.

Doubtless, my
"

friend, your

promiseyou
no

in the cultivation of the

tion imagina-

solid

unless satisfaction,
sense,

it be corrected
"

by

reason,

good

order,and propriety. So
ever
our

corrected, the

is imagination the limits of

"

to pointing

somethingbeyond
of
"

present

state

imperfection.

Nature,"
never

as

Longinus
to

mirably ada

observes, "
and grovelling

designedman
animal, but
in the
an

be

ungenerous

brought
as

him
a

into

and placed him life,

not theatre, to

world,

in

crowded

be

idle spectator,

but

spurred on
she

by

an

eager

of excelling, thjjrst
"

ardentlyto
this purpose

contend

in the

prizeof glory.
his soul
an

For

implantedin
a

ble invinci-

love of

grandeur,and

constant

emulation of

243

whatever himself.
not
"

seems

to

approach nearer
it that is, the

to

than divinity universe is

Hence

whole

sufficient for the extensive reach and the human of the

piercing
"

speculationof
passes the

bounds

It understanding. material world, and endless space. of

a
"

launches
Let
any

forth at
one

into pleasure
an

take
scene

exact

survey

which life,
account

in its every

is

conspicuouson
noble
nature

of will

excellence, grandeur, and beauty,and

soon

he

discern for what Thus

not

ends

we

were

born.
to

"

the
a

impulse of
to

inclines us

mire, ad-

clear and transparent rivulet, little,

our

that ministers

but necessities,

the

Nile,the
*."
"

the Rhine, and Isther,

stillmore

the

ocean

CCII. the mind which

It is this love of
to

which prompts grandeur,

the
our

of contemplation

raise

thoughts in
from

objects, and miration adgratitude

the
of beginning

those

; and

which, even
to

time, are

supposed
"

have

had

the love of the

Deity himself.
observes

Akenside For, as the philosophic

of Plato, and spirit

in the true

with

all

the

of sublimity

Milton
Ere

and
the

Lucretius,
radiant
the
sun

Sprung

from

the

east, or
sect.
R

midst

vault of

uight

Longinus,

35.

"

Smith.

244

The
Ere Or

moon

suspended

her
or
sons

serener

lamp

mountains, woods,
wisdom lived

streams,
of
one men

adorned her

the

globe,

taught
the

the

lore,

Then
In The

almighty

; then

deep, retired forms,

his unfathomed
forms

essence,

view'd

the

external
sun,

of created

things ;
nocturnal

The The
And Of

radiant

the moon's
and

lamp, rolling globe,

mountains, woods,
wisdom's mien
them

streams, the
"

celestial. his love

From he

the first

days,

on

divine

fix'd,

His What

admiration
he

; till in time

complete,

admired
into

and
"

loved, his vital smile

Hence
the

Unfolded
Of

being.

breath
j
waves

life,informing
the green

each

organic
and

frame

Hence Hence
Ajid And

earth

wild

resounding
; warmth

light and
clear autumnal

shade, alternate skies, and

of

and

cold

vernal
"

showers,

all the

fair varieties

things.*

Pleasures

of Imagination
.

CCIII.

And

yet,

agreeableas

are

the visions of forming

of nature, the
scenes
more

has imagination

the power
our

to captivating

fancy,than

There

is

singular coincidence
a

of
an

thought
Hindoo

between

this
Nar-

fine passage
"

and

beautiful

one

in

hymn by
Sir

to

rayna,

The

spirit of
and

God,"

translated
remark

William

Jones.

"

It is curious
so

delightful to

resemblances of such

in poets difference

far removed

in age, and and

climate,and
"

wide

in

manners

education.

246 several
and

an

agreeablescene,

he

can

make
scents

new

with of flowers, species

richer

higher
of

colours, than
nature.
"

any,
concerts

that grow

in the
be

gardens
as

His

of birds may
as

full and

harmonious,
as

and
"

his woods is at
a no

thick
more

and

gloomy
in
a

he

pleases. He
in his cascades from

expense
can

than long vista, throw mile

short one, from

one
a

and

as

easily
half
a

of precipice
"

high,as

of

twenty yards. In
nature

word, he has the modellingof

in his he

own

hands, and
he provided into

may

giveher

what

charms

pleases,
run

does not

reform

her too

much, and
excel *."
"

to absurdities, by endeavouring

CCIV.

From after the

this
manner

argument
of
men,

we

might
as

be

tempted,
expresses

St. Paul the the the

it,to infer,that
the
more

the

picturesof
creations
of

poets,

substantial
more

and painter,

the

splendidvisions
herself.

of

imagination, are,
the

in

more reality,

than beautiful,
"

of productions

Nature

But, though
of

this arises from

the

circumstance

man's in

not
bination com-

being able

to

view
we

nature

in detail and

too,

will admit

of the argument

for

Pleasures

of the

Imagination.

"

Paper

via.

247
the sake
as

of the
as an

A corollary.
"

proof, a decisive,
the it!
"

well

argumentative proof,of
mind

nity eter-

of
as

the
can never

is established
be

by

For,

Man

supposed to
the

have

arrived at he is
pable ca-

his proper
of

spherein

while universe,

tiful, more conceiving objects grand or beauthan those,which nature has thought proper
to

set

before

him, the
a

very

circumstance
of

of

his

to ability

conceive

combination

objects
viction, con-

in itself, a sufficient ground for is, superior, that

other
"

the
to

eternal exhibit

architect
to

has tion. admira-

scenes

his

Michael

of his author

pupilsto
of nature
own

Angelo would never permit any exceed himself;neither will the permithimself
to be

outdone

by

any of his

creations.

"

The
no

proper

spherefor
bination com-

in is that, immortality of those

can objects
"

which
be

or objects

to imagined, superior
our

presented. If,when
at

friend Harmonica is

has arrived

the third

heaven,she

capableof

I would instantly somethingsuperior, imagining in the in the face of all the sceptics declare,

world,that
state

there

was

fourth

heaven.

"

The the

of absolute

is that,in perfection

which

finds of imagination, mind, havinglost the faculty sufficient exercise in the of its own contemplation

beatitude.

"

248

CCV.
most to

Shall nature, my
to objects
our

Lelius,present
and sight,
we

her

beautiful

refuse

look

upon

them

? shall the

wanderer, solitary

when
of

amid the grand and terrific scenery roving his soul fraughtwith stupendous Switzerland, forth into their farthest latitude

called ideas, the

by

around objects
to

him,
those

shall

refuse he, I enquire,

partakeof
scene

sublime him

cause emotions,be-

the and

before

reminds,in strong
his
as

of energetic language,
"

own

comparative
in the

No ? insignificance

! small

he appears

generalscale of nature, he wanders along the sides of the mountains,fissured into abrupt precipices,
with astonished the most

rapture, and
beautiful and

as

from

cragged rock,
scenes

enchanting
his his sight,

burst

full and before

to

unexpected on
the utmost
an

raised soul,

limits of awful
and
controllable un-

wonder,

bursts

into
"

ecstasy of wild

delight.
Never I
to

can

cease

be

for grateful

the

lime sub-

emotions,I have experienced on

of the immortal
account

the summit

Snowdon!

"

I \"\ made

giveyou
to

an

of the

journeyI
"

once

that

narch mo-

of the British

Alps.
visitto the

CCVI.

After

paving

picturesque

249

waterfall of

Nant-Mill, we

set
on

out

from

small the of

cottage,

situated beautifully
"

the
was
a

side of

lake Cweliin.

The
a

morning

morning

August
the

"

not

breath
not

of air relieved the heat of

a

atmosphere, and
shelter.
"

tree

offered

us

mentary mo-

In all the

times,the guide had

that confessed, the
of

travelled up this great mountain,he he had

never

before
the heat.
"

been

so

oppressed with
the space
and

of intensity
an

for Climbing,
over

hour, sometimes heaths, we

bogs, what, we

sometimes

over

arrived

at

had

earnestly
alas ! it the the

hoped, was
was

the apex

of the of

mountain, but
is called

merely
"

the

top
could

what

first
fine
of

station. passage

Who in

fail to remember
from

Pope,

imitated he

Drummond the

Hawthornden,
of man,

where

compares of

progress

in the attainment

science,to

the

larged en-

views, that
the eye, in passage is

are

before spreadprogressively
"

mountains? climbinglofty

The

whole

eminently beautiful.

"

Fired
In

at

first

sight with
we

what
the

the

muse

imparts,

fearless from

youth,
the
we

tempt

heights of arts,
of
our

While Short But

bounded

level
nor see

mind,
behind
;

views
more

take,

the with

lengths
strange

advanc'd, behold,
scenes

surprise,
"

New

distant

of endless

science

rise !

250

So

the towering Alps pleased,at first,

o'er the vale and appear and
seem

we

try,

Mount Th' And But The Th' Hills

to tread

the

sky

eternal
the those

snows

already past,
mountains
seem

first clouds

the last j

attained, we
labours

tremble
of the

to survey

growing

lengthened
our on

way, eyes,
"

increasing prospect tires

peep
o'er and hills,

wandering

Alps

Alps

arise *.

Pope'sEssay on

Criticism.

CCVII.
which shrunk
rose

As
below
mere

we

ascended, those
bore

mountains,
of

from into

the character
:

sublimity, noble,

eminences

more others,

in the

and perspective, it were, distance.

"

proceedinghigher,
approach
road
we now

they appeared,as
be
a
no

to

us,

and

to

longerat

The

layover
down,
"

smooth,

mossy

heath, where
with
heat
some

sat

tirely en-

overcome

and

fatigue. After
us

for ourselves, resting

to

time,the guideled
which

the

edge

of

precipice, nearlyfifteen
the bottom
of

hundred

feet in the dark

depth,
green
"

at

appeared
that of cidedly de-

lake of I
as

and Llyn-y-Glas,
saw
a

Llyn Llydaw.
such

never

so precipice

dreadful

and this,

never

experienced
"

achingsensations
hands seemed

of
to

terror. imaginary

My
if I

feet and

creep,

and

I felt as

Note

63.

251

were,

at

that

from instant, falling

the

point,ou
!
"

which

stood,into the horrible gulph below

We
scene,

had
as a

not

much

time

to

contemplate
to
a

this

cloud

suddenly appeared
immense

rise out

of the rocks

into beneath,and rolling like

an

globular
the

form, seemed
in the air ; and where place, tremendous

balloon,balanced
to

which, rising gradually up

stood,shut
"

we

out

the whole below

of this

scene.

Viewed
of
terror

from

this precipice with

"

excites emotions

unmixt sublimity, is

fear;
the

from

its

edge,

predominant.
for
a

In

latter

our instance,

thoughts are,
our

short

time, concentrated
the
to

in

fears; in the former,

its
course

mind,
heaven

upon

the

instant, wings away

!
"

CCVIII.
and

The

difference
a

between

lookingup
by
the furnished

looking down
in Jefferson,

is precipice
account

well marked

Mr.

the

he

Marquis
rocks.
"
"

de Chastellux

of the

bridgeof Virginian

Though

the sides of the

some

bridge," says
a

he, "

are

in provided,

parts, with
have

parapet
to

of fixed rocks, yet few

to

men

resolution

walk
luntarily vo-

them

and

look

over

into the hands and

abyss.
"

You
to

fall on

your

feet,oreep

the

252

parapet and
this

look

over

it.
"

Looking
gave
me

down
a

from violent

about height,
"

minute,
from

head-ache.:
and

If the view

the

top be
is

painful

that intolerable,
extreme.
"

from

below

in delightful

the

It is
the

for impossible be
so

the

emotions,

from arising

sublime, to
the
so

felt beyond what beautiful

as
an

they are
so

here, on
and
"

of sight

arch,

elevated heaven.

light, springing up,

emotions

it were,

to

The
"

scribable. rapture of the spectator is indeare

These

with equal felt,

of Pont-y-Monach, at the celebrated bridge force,

near

Havod,

that

paradise, bloomingin belongingto

the

the midst

of a
Mr.

wilderness! Johnes.

accomplished

CCIX.

The

with feelings,

which

we

view

jects ob-

of the above

sufficiently description, oppose

Burke, who
"

the
to

theory of Mr.
of objects
terror.

confines of Lord

sublimity
and

Those

Kaimes

Dr. and

Gerard, who
Dr.

make

it to consist in

magnitude,
force," are

Blair,who
"

places it
Than

in

"

erroneous. equally
were we

the idea

of

Longinus,
that

to

associate

in^oetrywith sublimity
are,

of the material
no

world, (which we
to

however, by
be wider

means

authorised
"

do),nothingcould

from

the truth.

He

defines

it,

"

proud

eleva-

254

of Cader

Idris.
"

Below

"

appeared
Snowdon

those

merable innuall

mountains,by which
surrounded. sides,
"

is, on

These
appear

are

sometimes

studded

with

which lakes,

like large mirrors

placed

there for the purpose the various

of

the shapes of reflecting

are seen

clouds,which
"

in three different
our

directions. their shadows

are

over They glide

heads

"

depictedon
in the
upon

the

mountains
"

"

they are

reflected

lakes below!

Some
;
some

of

the mountains
wear
a

round

their summits

others rise of the

triangular appearance;
"

while

like

pyramids.
whales
some

Now
or

they
couchant

seem

like backs
while

immense
apex the
of
more

and lions,
of

resemble

the craters

volcanoes,

elevated

lift their

above pointedspires

the

clouds, which

roll in fantastic columns

"

along

their

sides. gigantic

CCXI.
observe
our

Near this noble

the

place,where
we

we

paused
cold

to

prospect,

stopped to quench
a

almost wells

ungovernablethirst at
out
over

spring,
"

which
No
ever

of

the

side of deserts

the of
to

mountain.

traveller
more

the

Ethiopia
an

was

at coming rejoiced
we were

unexpected

fountain,than
"
"

at

this

spring. delightful

Fons," we

were

ready to exclaim,

255

Fons

Snoadonia, spendidior vitro,

mero,
non

Dulcidique
Cras

sine
"

floribus,

donaberis

haedo.

Well

may

the nations

of the East

consecrate

their
took

wells and

fountains !
"

Ere

we

we departed,

consecrated largelibations, and

our

it with

our

praises
tain. Foun-

and blessings,

called it Hygeia's

Upon
masses

our

departure, after clambering over

rocks, we
the ascended which the

of crags and

est highits

peak

of

Snowdon,
the

of height
"

is 3571
at

feet above

level of the sea*.

Arrived

Relative height of the British Alps.

100 feet lower than
3571 3427
.....

Snowdon,

Carnarvonshire, only

Vesuvius,
Carnedd Carnedd Moel Arrnn Cader

David, Carnarvonshire,

Llewellyn, do
do

340"
3390 2955
......

Shiabod, Fowddy, Idris,

Merionethshire,

2944
2809

Arraneg, Beacons, Breconshire,

Trecastle, Carmarthenshire,

2598

Plinlimnon, Montgomeryshire, Rivel, Carnarvonshire,

2463
1806

Gadyr, Breconshire, Pen-y-Voel, Monmouthshire,

1858 1852

256

summit,

scene

yond bepresented itself, magnificent of and is ! Indeed language language it would prewhen impotent, sume
on

the powers
poor and
to

weak

sketch

scenes,

which

the great Eternal

"

has

placed his
and

thy broad
vator

finger. Faint immortal deep delineations,

and

matchless

are

Sal-

Rosa

!
"

Powerless

feeble

are

your and

spiratio in-

Thomson, geniusof Virgil,

"

cretius! Lu-

CCXII.
five and
crags,
measure

From

this lakes.
"

point are
Seated
eye,

seen

more

than of the
to

twenty
was

on

one

it

long ere

the

unaccustomed accommodate
:
"

such

could elevations,
scenes so

itselfto behold
as appearing,

admirable
been
we were
an

the whole
war

if there had that

universal the

of the

elements,and
of the

bitants onlyinha-

the to contemplate globe,permitted

"

ruins

of

the world.

Woods,

rocks,
from

and

tains, moun-

which, when

observed

below,

bear

all

Crickhowel, Breconshire, Pembrokeshire, Prescelly,

.
.

1840
.

."*.

1754
. . .

Blorenge, Monmouthshire, Penmaenma'wr, Carnarvonshire, Skirrid-vawr, Monmouthshire,

Mar
gam

1720
.

1540 1498

Down,

Glamorganshire,

1099

257
the evidences summit
of
as

of

when sublimity,
are

viewed with
as

from

the

Snowdon,

blended
elevated

others,as
;

dark,

rugged, and

as

themselves

the whole
an

the resembling
"

tumultuous

of swellings

ocean. agitated

CCXIII.

The

extent

of the prospect, from

"

this

point,appears
are seen

unlimited.
;

The

four

kingdoms
the

at
"

once

Wales, England, Scotland,and

the finest panorama
pire em-

Ireland!
can

forming
boast.
"

The

circle beginswith the

and Westmoreland in
the
;

tains moun-

of Cumberland

those of
of

Ingleborough
observed
and

and

Penygent
of

county

York, and the hills

are

Lancashire,follow
of

; then

the counties
a

Chester, Flint

and

Denbigh,
"

portion of
the

the county of

gomery. of Montceeds suc-

Nearly
of

whole

Merioneth
eye

and, drawing a line with the

the
we circle,

along the
tainous moun-

diameter

take

in those the
and

from regions, stretching

of of

triple-crown
sterile crag^

Cader

Idris

to

the

enormous

Carnedds

David

and

Llewellyn. Snowdon,
as

in rising the south his left.

"

the centre, appears, with

"

if he could
and the north
"

touch with Cesar

his

hand, right

Surely,"thought Colonna,
s

VOL.

II.

25S

sat

upon

these

crags,

when

he

formed !"
"

the

daring

conceptionof governing the

CCXIV.
the From

world

Cader

the Idris,

eye,

pursuing

orbit,glancesover
for
a

the

bay

of

Cardigan, and
of the Rivel. of shores

reposes,
"

while,upon
it travels

the summit

After

observing the
the

indented
over a

narvonshi Car-

long

line of ocean, horizon

the

till in Blue

utmost

extremityof
of Wicklow mountains

the

Mountains
"

terminate

the perspective

Those
till

sink along gradually

to

the

coast,

they
the

are

lost

the
at

eye,

which

ranging along
weary

wide

expanse,

length,as
on

of

the

boundless
and
"

journey,reposes
stillmore distant space

the

island of

Man,

the The

tains moun-

of Scotland.

intermediate
summits of

is

cupied oc-

by
hollow

the

sides and
masses

mountains,
narvon, of Car-

crags,

of

rocks, the

towers

the fields of and

Anglesea,with woods, lakes,

in

glens,scattered
thrill of

confusion." magnificent
and

The

astonishment
for
never

the

transport of
; and
nerves

admiration
are

contend that

the

mastery

touched,
as

thrilled existence
were

before!
were

"

We

seem,

if
as

our

former
new

lated, annihi"

and

if a

epoch

commenced.

259 Another
world and
a

opens
to

upon

us,

an

unlimited
theatre
for

orbit appears
our

as itself, display

ambition.

"

In which

viewingscenes,
neither the pen the

so
nor

to decidedly magnificent,

the

pencilcan
which for

ever

do

and justice,

of contemplation
atonement

has the

power studied

of

making ample
the
a

having
limed, subpears, ap-

mankind,
it were,

soul,expanding and
of divinity, and spirit

with quickens
as

associated
same

with the
as

self. Deity hima

"

For, in the

manner,

shepherd
his

feels himself ennobled

so,

while

with sitting

prince,
holder be-

and in

far

more

unlimited
to
a

degree,the

feels himself advanced the

to

higherscale
see

in

to creation, by being thus permitted

and
"

admire
one

the
ever

grandestof
mounted
a

the works

of nature.

No
but

this and

towering eminence,
a

he became

wiser

better

man

"

Here

the

proud learn humility ; the

:
"

unfortunate climbs

acquire
Snowdon ardent

confidence
as
an

and

the man,

who

ere atheist, feels,

he

descends,an
sun

desire

to

fall down

and

worshipthe
guide could
began
2

!
"

CCXV.

Before

our

induce form

us

to

leave this spot, the clouds

s

to

around

260

us,

and

at

the moment

we

passed
murmured

over

the Red
among

Ridge,a peal of
mountains.
"

thunder who has

the

He,

passed

this tremendous
plosion ex-

rampire,will
and the

conceive of

the effect of the

our

danger

situation. the

"

The

Red

Ridge,or as it is called by Clawdd Coch, is a long, narrow

two

mountaineers,
pass, elevated

above

thousand in it,
some

feet above

the vale below

not
more

the top of

places,is
by
a

than of

twelve feet across, the eye,

and
a

and

inclination slight
on one

is seen rocky valley

as deep side, one on

nearlyas
"

as perpendicular,

the
over

the

other. and the

The

now lightning we

flashed

our

heads,

the

thunder, as
the
"

might have expectedfrom

in
sonorous lumes vo-

of intensity

day, rolled
the finest

around
of Snowdon
so we

us.

If the prospect from

we

the
ever

mit sum-

was

had

seen,

were

these
ever

the

most
"

tremendous

sounds, that

had

heard!

a to Bethgelart, sequestered Upon returning

in history rendered famous by being the village, who insulated himself retirement of Vortigern,

upon

rock, lofty
moon,
a

since

called the fort of Ambehind

the
tains, moun-

brosius,the
threw

from rising

matchless

over glory

allthe heaven*-

2G2

the waters. cloud

"

All is still. To
"

the

north, a distant
tints gradually
murs mur-

appears shade in
remote

in the horizon into

a

! its blue
"

deep
;
"

sable ; the
at
sea

thunder appears,

volumes
"

for

while, to

listen ; its bosom

are

its

waves

lengthinsensibly
waves

agitate ;
"

swells

"

the the

break"

the
caves

cliffs
and

whitened re-echo

by

surf, while
the
roar

the
a

rocks

with

!
"

It is

scene,

which awful

Wilberforce

would

contemplate
with
a

with

pleasure ;
"

the conqueror
;

ture mix-

of horror

awe

and

terror
"

the atheist with

fear,with

and

dismay.
observed Scenes, like these,
common

CCXVII.

in whatever

part of the globe,in

create solitudes,

with

ample
of

the

most

ideas enlarged

that

in infinity, it
to

which

the Eternal
to

centres, in whom
it is alone reserved Extension

and originates, calculate

one

whom

its boundless
source

measure.

"

being
which

of

the
our

sublime, that science,

faculties of

most

expands
the
more

sion, comprehen-

is
most

undoubtedlythat, which
and
most

the is,in itself,

"

noble

Nothing, transporting.
vastness

can therefore,

indicate the
has

of those
man,

powers,

which

Nature

implantedin
several

than

the

the of investigating faculty

branches

263

of natural that
ASTRONOMY.

and philosophy,
most

above

vating all,in culti-

wonderful

of all the

sciences,

CCX

VIII.

What

were

the awful raptures of

a

a Descartes, a Copernicusor Galileo,

Newton,
a

no

one,

but

those, who

are

conscious

of

flight
I

as

are soaring,

capable of conceiving ;
an

but from
am

the

smaller

impulse of

humbler

mind,

persuaded, my
much of the Eternal

in Lelius,that they assimilated,

with higherdegree, than ourselves, himself.

of
"

those

The

that pleasure the

"

Caius

Gallus, the friend

of
saw

Scipio, enjoyed in
by
had he ; "I

study
"

astronomy,
him

is well described

Cicero.

expire," says

almost said in

measuringthe
How often

distances of the dimensions the !

"

heavenlyorbs, and
our

the determining has

of this upon

earth.

"

sun

risen

his astronomical the

"

meditations
overtaken

how
same

has frequently elevated he

amuse

night
and
dicting preveral se-

him

in the

studies !

with

what
to

did delight,
us,

.himselfin

long
the

before
moon

they happened, the

!"
"

of eclipses

CCXIX.
as delight,

You,
I have

my

have friend,
you

also

high
the

often heard

declare,in

264

cultivation of
own

astronomical

science.

"

For

my
turing ven-

part, I
a

am

after ready to confess, that,

to

littleout
"

sea,

I desisted

out

of

pure their

cowardice.
centres

Globes

and

planets, hangingon
heaven each

in the arched

void of
to

by
other
vast

single
by
the

law, and systems, connected

revolution mental
of
"

comets,

were

far too bounds

for my
and

ray.

Passing the
to

of

place
the

time, (jlammantiamce?iia mundi,)

from orbs earth

I could

glance
various their

heaven, and

give to

their various
"

and appellations

calculate

courses;

but

when

I
was

began

to

that perceive,
;

the the

work

of creation of
one

always going on
produced

that
mination ger-

alteration of

system

the

travels another*; that,though light incredible from their

with

almost

swiftness,there

exist

bodies,which,
have when
not

immensityof distance,
of

yet visited the

eye

the
even

astronomer

;
were

began
me

to to

that perceive,

if it
to

for possible

transport myself

the
to

most

distant of Systems,
vestibule

those

orbs, which
then
and be
on

are

suns

other
the

I should
of nature,

only standingin
the
to

Trontiers of
the power

the
to

ceased creation, imagination

have

"

Note

64.

265

soar:

"

became feeling

and painful, much

the

of faculty into
we

thought, by beingtoo nothing. By

"

extended, wasted
know
a

seeking to
sea

too

much
and

voyage

out

to

without

compass,
"

become

bewildered
of the

and

confounded!

Like
our

the

peasant
"

Alps*, we
Where

gainnothingby

search:

"

it's follyto ignorance is bliss,

be

-wise."

"

CCXX.
;

I have I have
;

searched

the

depths

of

verns ca-

thrilled beneath

high and

ing impendof the

rocks

I have
and

contemplatedthe
one

vastness

the ocean,
sun

climbed behind

mountain, while

has risen from

one

another, and all around

of wonder
been

has been
"

continued

scene

and

glory:
mendous tre-

In those moments
and

I have
at

lost in admiration of that

astonishment

the power
was

Being,who
such

alone
as

capableof
what the the

ing formare

giganticworks

those ; but
are

what

high

and

impending rocks,
an

giant
scale

heavingsof
summit of such

angry

ocean,

and

what

est proud-

of the

Andes, when
vastness,

placedin the
as

interminable
and

the

lancing, bacreating,

peoplingof

innumerable
so

globes?
"

In

contemplatingsystems
*

who infinite,

ran

Note

6-5.

266

forbear

exclaiming,
"

what

mole-hill is
who have
to

our

earth,and how

are insignificant we,

creep

so

proudlyon
far and

her surface*
our

!"
"

But
us

we

ventured the earth

beyond

reach

let

descend
"

contemplateits seasons.
the !
"

How progress than

weary every
snows

many

are

enjoyments,which
can

their

afford that

us

What
of

be year,
own

more

ful, delightNature,

season

the

when

and

exhausted

by her

clothes efforts, when the

object in
are

renovated away,

gladness ;
the
trees
are

melted

bursting
with

with
every

the leaves, variation

and

flowers

themselves painting rivers

of

colour,the
every

rollingwith
every
notes

temperance,

when

hill and

thicket

ringwith
CCXXI.
to

the modulation

of various

"

If

springis

the

most

son seadelightful
a

the poet, because

of

it affords him is
season
no

greater
to

multitude

images, summer
the

less
autumn

so

the
to

than Contemplatist,

of
more

is

the Enthusiast. than

of

"

What

can

be

transporting,
at

the

splendourof
with when
Mons.

the

sim rising
scene

this

season

the year,
;
*

all the

of

rural

industry
and the

it unfolds

subjectsfor
Lambert.

the

poet
66.

f Note

267

are painter

as

infinite

as

they are

transcendant ?
"

Sensible of these
of

of early glories day,the disciples the

as manner

Pythagoras,after
above

of their master,
as

prostratedthemselves
sun was seen

soon

the
"

disk of and of

the

the

horizon*;
his

Caniz, death,

one

of the German be

poets, upon

the bed

to requested

raised from

couch, in
"

order to
"

take

last look of that

glorious luminary.
"

Ohr"

said

of enthusiasm, if a small he, with sublimity

part of the

Eternal's
as

creation

can

be
more

so

sitely exquiso, must

beautiful
be

how this,
"

much Actuated

the Eternal

himself!"

by
at

the the

same

awful
of

when admiration, Aristippus, his friends

to

point
to

death,directed
and he
to

carry

him

the

citygates,
that lattice,

place his
to

couch

the opposite
enjoy life,

might, even

the last of the

the verdure the

sun. setting
"

of the fields and

of splendour

The

Persians, who
ages,

performed

the

same

ceremony,
form
"

did
of the
tion erec-

not, for several

the creed

permit

themselves
i. s.

to

images
was

Deity.

"

Vid.

Herodot.
;
"

Lib.
the

131.

Such

of the of

first Zoroaster and the 170. the

second of
no

decreed sacred
to

the fire.
"

temples
says that

institution
erected

the

tarch Plu-

Romans
"

statues

their
to

gods
dence evi-

till about
of

U.

C.

This

is,however, contrary
"

the
c.

Dionysius

ofHalicarnassu*.

Vid.

Lib.

i.

II.

15.

af"8

CCXXII.
with

When

the

sun

has

the quitted
serene

world
are

reluctance,how

and tranquil the

all

the

! while surrounding objects hush general

soul, partaking
awed

of the

of nature, and

by its

solemn

imagery,sinks

into

one

of those

affecting

which contemplations,
of its character, to
of

appear,

by
our

the sacredness with feelings

assimilate
"

those sinks from

etherial

When spirits. the

the

eveningstar
her

behind gradually
among

and when, rising hill,

moon

the

clouds,the

has thrown

solemn
soul
so

mantle

over

all nature, who

is there, with
not

and depraved,that abject God and bless him?

"

does

lift his

soul

to

An
a

evening like
which

this is described

by

Homer

in

passage,

for its solemnity, pathosand

can never

imagery, picturesque

be

admired! sufficiently

As
O'er When

when

the moon,
clear breath

refulgent lamp
azure

of

night?
sacred
serene scene

Heaven's
not not
a
a

spreads her
the

light;
;

disturbs

deep

And

cloud

o'ercasts the

the solemn

Around And
O'er

her

throne

vivid

planets roll,

stars

unnumber'd

gild the glc *;".ng pole ;

a

the

dark

trees

yellower

verdure

shed,
head
;

And Then And

tip with
shine

silver every
the

mountain's

vales, the rocks

from

in prospect
all the

rise.
"

floods of glory burst

skies !

b. Iliad,

VML"

V.

oC"5.

270

affords

additional
our

ground

for

comparison, and

re-animates

hopes by promisingperpetual

spring.
"

CCXXIV.
winter,

Awed ushered and the

by the

progress

of

time,

into existence

by the howling
torrents,
a

of storms and

rushingof impetuous
the the

with contemplating, ruins of

satisfaction of still affords

if

giant,the
food

year,

ample
and

for

pleasureand
seated

content,

sympathy

association
us

diffuse their attractive

around spells

!
"

When,

by the cheerful fire, among

and beloved,our friends, loving and

our

hopes, our
the

wishes,

and are concentrated, pleasures

world,

and offensive, as vain,idle,

to

it is, presents the

nothing

the
can

judgment,
induce
to

and

little to

imagination,

that the

the

the enlightened, or elegant,

good
of from

regret, that the

knowledge,they possess
others,
from
a

is chiefly from it, the tumultuous the

a

the evil report of

murmur,

or

which,

distance,invades
and

of their tranquillity

retreat,
"

operates,

as

discord

in

soft sonata.

With
to
resume

the close of the

has

winter, permitme,
those

my

Lelius,
lation reve-

subjectof
and

hopes, which
are so

taughtus,

which

exfinely

271

in amplified

the rise and

decay of the year, and

truth of that system,

which which

so

loudlyproclaimthe
teach
us,

would

in strong and
future

undoubtful
the the
vation reno-

of the certainty language, of and immortality

"

in life,

the

pious and
in The

just.

This

great truth is taught us

to

possible imlanguage, of generation ation form-

be

misconstrued.

"

animals of

; the

of vegetables propagation ; the of reproduction

shells ; the

insects and

fishes ; the
from

the of bodies, gradation

of motion and

effects resulting

the laws

ticity elasattraction,
of

and infinite

repulsion ; the

vastness ; the

space

; the
nection con-

of divisibility between
cause

matter

constant

and

consequence; teach the

not

these

and

thousand

other wonders

grand,the only spirit

"

the consolatory truth,that useful,

is

immortal,but

that matter

is eternal also.

CCXXV.
of
as

But

as admirable,
or

are

all the works

nature, in combination
are

in detail ; beautiful the vales

and

the woods, sublime

as

the streams,
are

the

valleys ;
and

the rocks, the mountains

as are

the ocean,

and

wonderful

all their
are

spective re-

how inhabitants,
or

far inferior

dividua they,in-

to that grand masterpiece collectively,

of the

Man creation,

272

God

created
god HE created

man

in he

his

own

image

; in
amd

the

image

of

him.

male

female

created

THEM.

"

How

his body ! How graceful

vast

sublime the

glance

of his eye ! How and his

his

his inventive, reasoning, Yes

! it is the visible his
"

"

rulingfaculties !
the
"

"

image
terior :
does
"

of

Deity*. Contemplate

ex-

"

and beauteous. erect, towering,

How

"

the present, but concealed with

a

Deity,speak in
tongues
*

his countenance God

of

thousand

!
"

"

! how perfection thou

supremely,how
divine

be!

"

hast nevolently
"

in thyself displayed

man*
coun-

"

Survey
;

his the

soul-beaming,his
brow, thoughtful

"

tenance

the

penetrating
intelliHow !
a

"

eye,
"

the of

the deep lips, spirit-breathing the assembled features !

"

gence all
ray,

they

"

conspiring speak !
immeasurable fair,

what

harmony

'*

all possible colours including

! the

single picture
"

"

of the

mind

within* !"

And
the the and
"

shall

being like
of

this be

mortal

f
"

shall
from

merest

lump

uninformed

clay exist

and continue to exist to eternity, beginning, Man, the powerfulagent in the hands of the
Herders
"

Alteste

Urkunde

des

Menschen
"

Geschlechts

J
.

Theil.

Holcroft's Lavater.

Introduction.

273

and Eternal,
all the
cease

in whom

are

contracted the

and

trated concen-

of perfections

world, shall
he

he

to

live at the moment,

in which
"

beginsto
gence, intelli-

know

the value of existence?

a

Is it

I possible,
and

say, that

Being,so

infinitein power
man

should make
all his labours ?
"

of incomplete if such were Horrible, indeed, it,

most

the

were

the prospect of human which

not
a

! destiny
"

The

tains, moun-

separate Hindostan
so

from

Thibet, present
*

prospect

dreadful decidedly
a

!
"

-Can justice of in-

the Creator

of intellect be be

countenancer
no

?" r- Yet, if there when where the

future
on

existence,
the
grave,
"

lamp

of

life

glimmers
look

shall Kosciusko

for consolation?

No

has reparation
and the many

he received for the many

tunes, misfor-

he has endured,for the injuries, his

cause country's

crime of

in fighting

!
"

Where,
scription deany

The

mountains
of the which

of

Thibet
of
are

come

nearer

to

Milton's

habitation
travellers

the

Fallen

than Spirits,
"

other,with

acquainted.

o'er

many

dark
a

and

dreary vale
;

They
O'er

pass'd, and
many
a

many

region dolorous
a

frozen, many

fieryAlp

Rocks,
A

caves,

lakes, fens,bogs, and

!
"

shades

of death:

"

universe

of death

Paradise
VOL. II. T

Lost,Book

n.

274

then, would
soul of
For for of
so

be the
man

of Heaven, justice
as

were

the

great a

this to die with his

body ?

it is the idea of
our

which apologizes immortality,

renders the present condition

sorrows,

and

humanity in
a

the smallest

degree intelligible."
the soul
to
never

Being
to

over subject,

which it
"

desires the
dulity cre-

slumber, to
of
an

doubt

were

possess

atheist:
were

to

disbelieve in the

eternity
it;

of the soul

almost
we were

to equivalent

the acknowledgment,
meet
as

that much of
as

afraid

to

the denial of

God

is the

result frequent
for
to

wished having previously

our

it:
"

it is the

of plagueand pleasure thingwe wish.

"

nature

believe the

CCXXVI.
is
"

That

spirit may
that matter
our

exist without matter

may

as

certain, as
may be

exist without
our

We spirit.

lose
as

legsand

arms,

and

yet the mind

with
our
our

perfectas
"

before.

"

Thus

is it

: we intelligence

may

lose

our

memory,

powers

of

and discrimination,

in fact labour

under

the most the

of vigour That
every
can

mental imbecility, abject yet the body remain firm and unimpaired.
"

body

can

exist without

mind,
us

the result of that the soul pro-

teaches day'sexperience

exist without matter, the

soul, by itsown

275
has perties,
manner,
as

the power

to

convince

us, in the

same

the eye has the power

of

the informing colour of the

mind

of the
"

the width, and height,

body.
of

The

soul tells this great secret that

by its dread
is

and by annihilation,

which restlessness,

at something beyond the continually pointing

limits
secret

of its fortune ; and

as

by planets gravitate

impulseto
which in
a

each
case

other, so, reasoning by analogy,

like this is
a

sure

and

unerring

does the soul gravitate union towards so an guide, with something,partaking of a divine quality : would Hemsterhuis for, as Mons. say, a single of the soul towards aspiration somethingnobler

and

far better

than

forms itself,

greater ground
ence of the exist-

for conviction of itsimmortality, and of

a

Deity, than
"

the clearest mathematical

see

demonstration.
to

We

nothing
man

in

nature

perior su-

man;
not

nothingin
is the
most

superiorto
in

the

soul that and

"

is it

to natural, conclude, therefore,

which that, which

excellent

quality,

is the

in arriving at maturity, longest it has arrived at

?
"

when should,also, of the

common

be perfection,

continuance longest
sense,

Is it consistent with should

have
a

that matter

longer
,?
"

life than
we

which spirit,
two

gives life to

matter

If

possess

substances, one
t

of which

us gives

276
in pleasure
not
to

more

the

than possession which

so

the
more

other,do
lent, excelthe

we

prefer the
that,which

one,

is the
"

is less

And

shall not

Deity reward
of
?
"

himself

that portion by preserving

most

his works, which would

he

partakes of
were

his

own

essence

not,

he to act kind
of

contrary
suicide
on

to

this
own

rule,be committinga
excellence
?
"

his

Shall
to

St. Peter's live ?

"

and live, well may

for attraction,

cease Angelo, its architect, we

As

suppose,
or

there

are

no

natural would

causes

that the

universe if the

be

capable of
created

organicharmony,
and who alone is
and infinity,
to

who architect,

it,

capable of turningspace
into

into

time
"

eternity, no
my

sented longer con-

exist.

Yes,

St. friend,

Peter's is

still
ported re-

remains

unmoved, it is true, while

to be

Angelo
world

dead:
"

"

But

to

the

only

is

he

dead:

Angelo,will
has mouldered
"

Angelo, the great, when continue to exist,

away,

the

sublime

St. Peter's
ments. monu-

like the dust of its own

In

Lelius,let prosperity, my
of presumption spirit ;
"

this reflection

chide the

in adversity,

permitit to
acting as
a

check

every

of impatience, feeling by
a

nepenthe to
Thus

wounded

spirit.
"

CCXXVII.

far had

written, when, by

278

CCXXVIII.
death
an

Why,

my

do friend,

we

consider
"

indeed

magnitude? Is it gigantic feeling implantedin our bosoms by the

evil of such
of nature,
"

hand powerfuland unconquerable is it the and that death

more

or

probableeffect
?
"

of

association early
to

vitiated education
were

am

inclined

believe,
consider

we,
a

when

children, taught to

as only

cavern,

throughwhich
in

the old and

to
a

the young

must

necessarily pass,
did we,
our

in their road

: happierregion

manhood,
the hail
a as it,

consider of

death
rest ;

as

the

sister of

sleepand
to

mother
a

were

the unfortunate the

sliding
to
other an-

from

tumult,and

old, as

translation

country, where
and rendered eternal
our

their
: were

youth would
we,

be renewed

ent I say, in the differto

stages of
should
we

thus existence,
creator

consider
terrors
as

it,
a

not

hail this
as
an

of
?

rather friend,

than

enemy

CCXXIX.

This
of

is
we

speciesof philosophy,
but
*,

however,

which
of

know

little: in the
"

present state
The That

opinion,
and
tnosl

weariest

loathsome and
a

life,

ache, age, lay

what
on

penury
were

imprisonment,

Can

nature,

paradise
"

To

we

fear of death. Measure

for Measure, Act

ill.

sc.

I.

279 It would
be
to

well,my

if Lelius,

we

were

to

deavour en-

divest ourselves

of this

popular error,
to

and, by endeavouringto throw

of
to association,
as an

off the trammels

accustom

ourselves
of

regard
a

death,

instrument
as being,

from emancipation

frailand
our

anxious

the

only means
to

of

vating reno-

youth,and

as

translation

perpetual

joy."
This
of

doctrine consolatory which evidences,

of the of

is

taughtus by

riety va-

speak, with undeceptive

vinity the di"

organ,

goodness of Providence,of
and
of the

mind,

of spirit. immortality

On

these

imposing subjectsI
and
to

was

about

to

multiply remarks,
the
warned library,

adduce

stillmore

sive deci-

when evidences,
me

Harmonica,
to

steppinginto
"
"

desist.

You "the
now

have
sun

written

sufficiently to-day,"said she,

and

has set, the rain is gone, the is rising over full,

the

moon,
"

at

the mountains."

"

And

whither

would

you

lead

me

?"

enquired

"

"

I would

lead you

to

the

she hermitage,"

re-

280

turned

"

the

waterfall

will

murmur

in

the

most

agreeable
shine
most

manner

after

the

rain;
the

the

moon

will

beautifully
we

through
the
'

trees

in
;

the

bower,
there
are

which

call

wood-pigeon's

nest*

roses,

and

lilacs, thither,

and

jessamine
seating
will
listen

in

ance abund-

let
;

us

walk

and,
we

ourselves
the

upon

the

moss,

sometimes

to

nightingale,
listen
to

and

sometimes

the

nightingale

shall

us."
"

END.

NOTES.

Note

1,

page

5.

lb

an

i, in his

admirable
them in

picture
as

of

the

Loves
themselves
on

and

the
on a

Graces,
beautiful
of
a

represents

enjoying

evening,
"

valley, reclining
them

the upon

banks the

rivulet.
several
"

One
are

of

is stretched him
to

grass;
couch

beckoning
will not!
"

quit

his

rural
xxxvi.

but

he

Vid.

Dupaty.

Lett,

Note

2,

page

10.

Of confers

all

the

writings
him the

of
most

Pope,

the

following
"

letter

upon

honour.

Dear

Mr.

Gay.
to

Welcome your friends blest

your
to

native
me

soil!

welcome

to

! welcome

! whether

returned love

in

glory,

with

court

interest,

the

and

fami-

282

NOTES. the great, and

filled with

of liarity
or

hopes, agreeable
the
:

of melancholywith dejection, contemplative of

changes
whether

fortune, and
a

doubtful

for the
a

future

returned

triumphant whig, or
and
share
warm

ing despondto

tory, all hail! equallybeloved

me!
"

welcome

If

happy,
you

am

to

in your
corner

elevation; if
in my

unhappy,
and your any your
serve
"

have
at
"

stilla

heart,
at

retreat

Binfield
are

in the
a

worst
or

of times

service.
man,

If you it
a
can

tory,

thought so by nothing but

to
cern. con-

I know

proceed

from

to gratitude

few

who people,

endeavoured
never

you,
If

and you

whose
are
a

were politics

your

whig, as
side
and
are
an

I rather

hope,
know
"

and

as

I think your had

ever a

and principles

mine of

(asbrother

poets)
you

bias

to

the

I liberty,

will be the

an

honest know

man,

inoffensive

one.

Upon
much fore There-

whole, I

you
as

of being so incapable

of either party,
once

to

be

good
you
"

for

nothing.
"

more,

whatever

are,

or

in whatever

state

you

are,

"

all hail!

Binfield, Sept.23,

1714.

Note The character

3,

page

11.

of the
"

Swiss

no i:?ij?y

means

cently re-

acquiredone.
tian

The

inhabitants

of the

Rhae-

Alps

were

for signalized equally ancient times.

"

their ardent

love of
tatem

in liberty

Barbaros, quilibersemorti

tueri vita et

Qui gestiebant.'" sanguine

NOTES. devovisse

2S3

videbantur, modo
non

essent

liberi

et

servitute
moreren-

expertes: qui mori

tur
:

recusabant,si liberi
voto mortem

quiquasiconcepto
Who

honestam

in lima-

bertate oppetere,quam

in servitute from

vivere turpiter the regretting

lebant.

"

can

refrain

loss

this noble
as
an

country sustained, in losingMr.

"
"

Gibbon says

historian ?

I should
"

have
two

embraced,"
hundred

he in his Memoirs, from the

to

periodof
of the

years ; the

association

three

peasants of

Alps

the the the

of plenitudeand prosperity sixteenth

the Helvetic
have

body

in

century.

"

should

scribed de-

and delivery

victoryof
of their

the Swiss, who

have

never

shed
:
"

the

blood laws

tyrants but in the

of the the
federate con-

field of battle
states

The
:
"

and

manners

The

of splendidtrophies Italian
wars,

trian, Aus-

Burgundian and
of
a

and

the

wisdom ture, adven-

nation,who,
has been

after the sallies of martial

content
to

guard

the
"

blessingsof
It is
to

peace,

with

the
some

sword
one,

of

freedom."
with
rare

be

hoped, that
of

animated
the the

an

ardent

love
an

and liberty,

giftedwith
yet
rescue

of qualities

historian,may
celebrated

heroic

deeds

of that

people from

the hands

of the annalist.

Note Dion Cassius of

4,

page

13.

marks expressively

the
"
"

comparative
The

characters

and anarchy. despotism

times/'

284

NOTES.
"

says he,

are

bad, certainly
what

when

men

are

not

mitted permuch

to

do

they please,but they are permitted to

do every

worse,

when
"

they are

thing

they please."

Note
Iona

5,

page

15.

is

small the

island,in
west

the

Atlantic

ocean,

parated se-

from
a narrow

point of
the
"

the island of Mull Sound

from of

by
It is
to

channel, called
three miles
"

of I.""
half
a

about
a

in
"

length,and
The view

mile

mile

in breadth.
"

Iona," says
very
bounds
an

Mr.

Pennant,
;

as

we

approached it, was

side, or
a

turesqu picthe of

the

east

that,

which

Sound,
a plain,

exhibited

beautiful above

variety ;
the water, sacred

extent

little elevated

and

almost

covered with
the

with

the

ruins of the

and buildings,
"

remains
these the

of the old town,

stilluninhabited

beyond
narrow

island rises into

hollows recluse
to the

rocky hills,with
and
numerous

verdant for every

s

between,
to

enough

take

his

walk." solitary
;

"Pennant'1

Voyage

Hebrides, p. 277 Culdees,p.

22.

rical Histo-

Account

ancient i"ftlie

Note The
on

6,
says the

page

20.

"

halcyon,"
the sand

St. Ambrose,
shore

"

lays her
"

eggs

by

in winter.

From

286 similar in their

NOTES.

kind, differ widelyin degree,and

to

with full delight, the relish,

enchantingscenes
in her

of

nature,

the

mind

must
:

be
"

uncorrupted by avarice,
sensibilities ;
in her

or sensuality

ambition her

quick
;

elevated
"

in

sentiments
who

and

devout

fection af-

He,

possesses

such may

exalted almost

powers

of

perceptionand enjoyment,

say, witk

the poet,

I You

care

not, fortune,what
rob
me

you

me

deny

cannot
cannot

of sweet the

Nature's

grace,

You

shut

windows
shews
constant

of the her

sky,

Through
You The Let And Of

which

Aurora
bar my

brightening face;
trace at
eve :

cannot

feet to
streams

woods,
health I their

the my

lawns, by living
nerves

and

finer fibres

brace,
;
"

toys

to the

great children
can me

leave

fancy, reason,

virtue, nought

bereave."

Thomson.

Note

8,

page

32.

Cowper
I

has

versified

this idea.

praise

the

Frenchman,

his

remark

was

shrewd,

How
But

sweet, how

passing sweet,
a

is solitude!

grant

me

still

friend

in my

i^?treat,
"

Whom

I may

whisper, solitude

is sweet.

The Balzac

poet
:
"

probably alludes

to

an

observation

of

NOTES.
u

287
une

La

solitude

est veritablement
un

belle

chose; mais
a

il y

auroit

d'avoir plaisir

ami c'est

fait
une

comme

vous,

qui

on

put

dire

quelque-fois, que
ii.

belle

chose."

"

Let. chois.

Liv.

24.

Note

9,

page

38.

Colonna,
called upon

once

travelling through
in that he host
As

shire,
of the
was

near gentleman, residing

one

finest waterfalls
some

country.

"

time

of

value

to

him,
his

could

onlypartakeof
made lately

slight
a

repast, which

prolonged by giving him

he had

historyof
some

the progress meadows.

"

in draining

An

curring, opportunityat length oc-

Colonna wish
to

ventured
to

to

hint,

that he
"
"

should the my

be

directed

the

waterfall.
is
a

Oh!
"

waterfall dear

! ah ! true"

there
at

waterfall,
of the go

but

sir,it is

almost

the bottom

!" valley

surely you
the

would and
a

not

attempt

to

there,
mind

among
terfallwa-

long
"

grass

the briars !" Never with

me,

the

take

walk

and

I will shew
"

you

something,
you
"

that is
no

reallyworth

seeing,
a

and

where

will be in

over danger of falling

precipice." garden
!
"

With

that

he

led
"

Colonna there There

"
"

into

"

his

"

There,"

said he,
"

is a you

garden,I plantedand
may
sir !
"

gravelledmyself.
much
as

rove

about,

as

you

please."
see

But,

I have

led travel"

several

miles to

the

and waterfall,

unless"

288

NOTES.
"

"

Oh,
!
"

the The

waterfall
commonest

!
"

any

body
in

can

see

the

terfall wacan

fellow

the country

do

that," but,"

(pausingwith
I do
assure

all the you,

solemnityof
sir, very
few
"

anger), " dignified

can

have

an

opportunityof seeing my

garden!"

Oh

quit those

mountains,
were

bid

those
not

vales for

adieu
you

!" !
"

Those

lovely landscapes

made

Men for

of this order

may

well

be

ludicrously content,
the
ne

they have already reached

"

plus

ultra
own

of

ambition.

Living
is

in

fool's

paradise of

their

there creating,

not

more nightingale a

captivated

with with true,

its
its
are

own

singing, nor plumage.

be
seen
"

peacock
of

more

delighted
stamp,
when it is served obhave

own

Men

this

to to

in all

countries,
which
nor

but

reside

among

scenes,

they
the

neither

the

feelings to
become

admire,

to ability

estimate, they

more infinitely

ridiculous.-"

Note

10,

page

40.

It

was

well of state

observed
has
not

by Cowley,
so

that

nister first miin

much
"

Ashless

public,
is that

as

wise

man

in

private.

How

beautiful
where he

passage, and

in this

neglected poet,
the
ease

compares

contrasts

and

comfort

of retirement

NOTES. with
of

289 courts, and

"

slavishattendance
the

on

on

the

misery

dependingon
man

great. The

character, drawn
of the most

of this amiable

by

Dr. range

is one Sprat,
of

excellent in the whole

"

: biography poetical

His

may

of life, in regard to the indulgences opinions, lines : be estimated by the following

"

Nor You You You of all

muses,
names

e'er

by

me

shall and the

you,

the

sweetest

best,

books,

and

libertyand

rest,

fountains,fields long
as

and

floods, forsaken
not
me.
"

be,

As

life itself forsakes

Note

11,
the

page

45.

This
canus

Cornelia and

was

daughter of ScipioAfriGracchi.
"

the mother in

of the

Her
at

letters

were

and published
are

generalcirculation
been

Rome.
for the
not

"They

said

to

have

perfectmodels
lamented,
that has

It epistolary writing."

is to be

of Quintilian, them, respecting prediction been

verified.
"

Nam

Gracchorum

mullum eloquentice

coniidis"e tissimus

accepimusCorneliam
in

matrcm,
est

docctijus

sermo

posteros qaoque
c.

traditus. epistolis Cicero

s.

Quinctil. Lib.
oral.
s.

I.
104.

1.

"

See

also
in.

de

claris

211

"

"

Plin. Lib.

14.

Note
"

12,
in
a

page

47.
to

Cur"
VtfL.

says
II.

he

letter
V

Atticus,

*"

cm:

2p0
ocellos Italia,villulas
all the
"

NOTES.
video ?"

meas

non

"

They
"

were

distinguished by
Alterum
term

the

names

of his works.
one

Pliny,

calls Ephesus Naturalist,

Asice

of the eyes of Asia. Hist. Lib. v.c.29."

in the

lumen.

"

Nat.

The

appears

incongruous sufficiently

present day.

Note

13,
et

page

48.

Qiice tibi mandavi,

molestiis et laboribus
uno

qua Mo
of

cures

nos

ex

omnibus
"

in loco the

conquiescimus.
pictures ever
Wilson
;
"

Epist. ad

Att.
in

5.

"

One
is

finest

produced
subject,"

England
at

paintingby

its

Cicero

his villa."

Note

"

page

50, line

18.

Cicero infantine and

draws
amusements

delightful pictureof
of when

the

almost Caieta

and Laelius, at Scipio

Laurentum,
in

fatigued with
the

business, and
of
a

happy

being
in
to
a

allowed retired

indulgence
the

quiet
deavoured en-

conscience

spot in

country, they
their

grow
a

boys again in

amusements,

and
upon

received
the
sea

sensible shore.
"

pleasurein gathering shells

Non

audeo
narrare

dicere

de

talibus

viris, sed
eos

tamen

ita solet Caictam

Sccevola, conchas
Laurentum

et

umbilicos ad

et ad

legere

NOTES.
et ad
:
"

291
remissionem

consuesse,

omnem

animi De

ludumque

descendere

"c.
8.

"c.

oratore.

Valer. Maximus,

Lib.

viii.

c.

Note
It is with
a

14,

page

52.

much
to
a

that propriety,

the

poets compare
that loathsome

slanderer

since viper,
to

the

poisonof
"

is confined reptile
that the

its mouth.

It is
not

curious,
be gerous, danit
known un-

poisonof serpents
when taken itself into the

also should

inwardly,and only so,

blood.
"

when
not

insinuates
to

This

was

Lucan.

"

Noxia Morsu
Pocula

scrpcntum

est

admixto

sanguine pestis;
in dente

virus habent, et fatum

morte
carent.
"

minantur:

This
so

secret

was

well known

to

the

who Psylli, such of

cited ex-

much

and surprise,
at

gained
their the

able consider-

emoluments

Rome

by

art

extracting
serpents.
ed, believ-

poisonfrom
"

wounds,

caused
"

by
The

bite of

Vid. Pint,
that

in vit. Cato.

Ammonians
the

vipersand serpents were

it
was

produce

of old wasps
"

dunghills ; and
were

the

of Ovid, that opinion horses

:

by generated

the

of putrefaction

Pressus

humo

bellator

equus u

carbonis

origo,"

292

NOTES. accustomed
of
to

Pythagoras was
was

say, that

lumniator ca-

in his state
a

a snake, pre-existence

and

would,
of
a

in

future
"

one,

animate
own

the

degraded
never see

body
or

: scorpion a

For

my
or

part, I

hear
see
a

of

male slanderer,

female, but

fancy,
"

snake's whose

head, peeping out of their bosoms.

Letters
are

Howel,

sinkinginto silently
when
a

deserved un-

that oblivion, relates, whose

name was

young

man,

Pennant,
a

was

dissected, something
found ters. Let-

in the form

of

was serpent, with divers tails,

in the leftventricle of his heart." Book

i. sect.

Vid. Hotel's

6. let. 43.

In

the

garden, belongingto the

Barcelona, grows
and
a

convent

of Cordeliers, mimosa
a
:

near

of species

"If

the seed is chewed

in expectorated
a nauseous

room,

it will
turn

immediatelyfillit with
recommend
and

stench, and
40.
name
"

all the white

me

paintblack." -Swinburne,p.
to

Permit
for

to

naturalists
tree
"
"

new

this odious

detestable

the

scandal

tree."

Having
from the whole
"It
or an

said

so

much
of the of Greek
"
"

of
most

I vipers,

cannot

refrain in
:

quotingone
range is from

beautiful

passages,

literature philosophical
As
an

Epictetus.
a

when

you

see

viper
you of the

asp,

or

in scorpion,

ivoryor goldbox,
on

do

not

love

it,or think

it happy,

account

294
where
we

NOTES.
view the

objectat
the

too

inconsiderable

tance, dis-

and which
can are

through

medium

of those littlenesses,

inseparablefrom
up
to

humanity.
"

Time and

only
assign

hold

view in the

preeminent merit, temple

of fame."
"

it the due

rank

Linneus,

in

the pastoral manners describing

an

of the

has Laplanders,

eloquent passage
!

"

"

Jelix Lappo
lates contentus

qui in
et

ultimo
"

angulo mundi
Tu
nee

sic
an-

bene
noncc

znnocens.

times
oras

caritatem,nee

Martis sed

prcdia,qucc

ad

tuas

pervenire nequeunt,
vincias lent.
"

Jlorentissimas Europce
scepe

pro-

et

urbestunico
dormis

momento,
tua

dedejiciunt,

Tu

hie sub

pclleab

omnibus
quip
sit

curis,
in-

rixis liberyignorans contentionibus,

VIDIA."

"

Grandeur
arch stands
can we

is not
over

to

be observed
the under

even

in the

noble

of

Trajan

Danube,
the

if the

spectator
;

immediately
form
Notre

buttresses

neither
in London,

any
Dame

adequate
at

idea of St. Paul's St. Peter's

at

Paris, or
those

Rome,

if

we

approach too
be

near

magnificent buildings.
men.
"

"The
cannot

analogy appliesequally to
seen

Great
too

men

to

advantage, if they
of
a

are

closely

approached.
"

Men

common

stamp,

however,

NOTES.
cannot
our

295

be

seen

at

unless all,

they

are

under directly

eyes, and then, indeed, they are

visible

enough!

"

Pliny the
may
not

younger,

in

letter to Maximus,
an

which
ness, sick-

be inaptly

called

in praiseof epistle sick

man

after
to

observing,that
avarice, and
to

the

is insensible
that the

love,

to

honours,
envy

remarks

of contempt passions closes the

and

die within
"

him.

"

He

period by observing,
attendit,
26.
"

ac

ne

sermonibus
"

quidem malignis aut

Plin.
to

aut

alitur."

Vid.

Ep.

Lib.

vn.

Ep.
that

It

ought

not, however,
loses

be

concealed,

every
to

good

writer On

by

being personallyknown
Johnson
an

his reader."
"
"

ject this sub-

has

fine simile.
to

from transition,

author's
an

book

his
a

conversation, is,too

often,
distant

like

entrance
"

into

large city,after
see

prospect.

Remotely,
turrets

we

nothing

but

spiresof
it the

temples, and
residence
"but when

of

palaces,and

imagine

of

splendour,grandeur, and magnificence ;

we

have
narrow

passed

the

gates,

we

find

it

perplexed

with

passages, with

disgraced with

spicable de-

cottages, embarrassed
clouded with smoke."
"

and obstructions,
14.
"

Rambler, No.

Note This

16,

page

56.

poet lies buried

in the

Benedictine

church

296
at

NOTES. Dr. Moore

visited his tomb" The

Ferrara.
the

"

and

there
of

made

following reflections.""
which
men
are

degree

importance, in
raries and

held

by

their cotempo"

is by posterity
has

very

different.
to

This

fine

fanciful bard
than
she
one

done

more

honour and

modern

Italy,
which the
tirely en-

in

of fifty birth
;
"

the

popes

princes to
were
now

has

given

and

while

those,who

gaze

of the

multitude

during
fame

their lives, are with

the

his forgotten,

increases

lapse of ance, importthe patronage

a

time.

"

In in

his the

he probably derived life-time, eyes of his

countrymen,
;
now

from
he

of the

house eyes

of Este

reflects

lustre,in
names

the

of all

Europe,

on

the

illustrious he
was

of his patrons, and

"

the country where

born."

Note
Vaucluse

If,

page

60.

was

small

bounded valley,
were

by

an

phitheatre am-

of rocks, which
The
was

bold

and
"

romantic.
the south of the

river the
was

Sorgue

divided
"

the

valley.
at

To

Mediterranean
an

while
"

the

foot

rocks

immense
in.

cavern. el

Vid. De
Cant.

Lille,Poem
vn.
"

des Jardins, Cant.

des

Mois,

The

present

state

of this celebrated
"

spot i" well described

by
The

Mr.

Whalley.

See

Letters

of

Miss

Seward.

"

arguments

of Lord

Woodhouslee,

proving,that

NOTES.
Laura
;
"

297
are

lived and

died unmarried,
of

sive conclustrictly

the memoirs

Petrarch, written by de Sade,

a romance.
"
"

being

little more

than
"

Petrarch," his
can-

lordshipobserves,
zoni
or

composed
; a

318

sonnets, 59

songs,
the
a

and

6 trionfi

largevolume

of poetry,
; not

on entirely

subjectof

his

passion for Laura

in his

to

mention

of variety

passages

prose

works,
and

where
even

that favourite

treated topicis occasionally

discussed

at

very

great length." In the whole

is not
to

of these passage,
woman.
"

works, there
which
Is

be

found
was a

single

intimates,that Laura
it to
be

married

conceived,
itself in

that

the

poet who

has

exhausted

language

sayingevery thing
not

of possible

his mistress; who

mentions

only her

looks, her dress, her gestures, her conversations, but

her

companions,

her

favourite
have and

walks,
omitted

and

her

mestic do-

would occupations,

such

capital
of many

facts, as
children

her
;

being married,
too,
who
as

the mother

married
a

the

author

of the memoirs

asserts, to used
her

man,

was

jealousof her, and

and

who

with

harshness Laura Her

unkindness
in 1S48,
was

On

trarch's Pewas

account?"" buried Francis

at

died grave
"

and

Avignon."
First of

opened by
box
was

the

France.
and

A
a

small
verses,

found, containing a medal,

few

written

by Petrarch."

On
woman;

the
on

medal

were

impressed the
the letters

figure

of

the

reverse

"298
m.

NOTES.
Madona signifying
and

l.

M.

J.

Laura

morta

jacc."*
returned

The every honour

elegant

enthusiastic the

monarch
wrote
an

thing into
of her

tomb,
"

and

epitaphin

memory.

Note
"

18,
the

page

62.
in N.
a

This

island," says
October of

bishop

letter to Mr.

Pope, (dated
within
the

22, 1717,

S.)
a

"contains

compass

eighteen miles,

wonderful

varietyof hills,vales, ragged rocks, fruitful plains,

and
barren

mountains,
"

all thrown

together in
hottest from

mantic ro-

confusion.

The

air is, in the

son, sea-

constantlyrefreshed
sea.
"

by

cool

breezes

the

The but with

vales
are

produce excellent
covered
"

wheat, and Indian

mixed vineyards,interthe "c.
common

corn,

mostly

with

fruit-trees.

Besides

kinds,

as

cherries, apricots,peaches,
limes, almonds,
and which many
other

they produce
water figs,

oranges,

pomegranates,
unknown fruits,

melons,

to

our

mates, cli-

lie every
are

where

open

to

the

passenger.
to

"The
with

hills

the with

greater part covered

thickets
of

the

top

vines, some
fields on
of

myrtle andlentiscus.
divided

The

the northern
"

side

are

rows by hedge-

myrtle.

Several

fountains

*yid rivulets add

is likewise
set

to

the

beauty
the
"

of this

landscape,which
some

off

by

varietyof

barren
crowns

spots, and
the scene,

naked
a

rocks.

But

that,which

is

large

NOTES.

299
middle
the
are

mountain,

risingout
terrible
;

of

the

of

the

island,
called
with

(once
Mons
vines

volcano, by
its lower

ancients adorned

Epomeus
and
other

parts

the middle fruits,

affords pasture to
the

flocks of goats and

sheep, and
which
you
one

top is

sandy
several of

pointedrock, from
in the

have

the finest

prospect

at world, surveying

view, besides

pleasant islands, lying at

about three hundred
to

your

feet,a

tract

Italy
montory proThe and

miles in
the hath

length,from

the
"

of Antium

cape
been

of Palinurus.

greater part of which

as Virgil, making a

sung

by

Homer

considerable their and

two

part of the travels

"

and

adventures

of

heroes.

The

islands

Caprea, Prochyta,
Cajeta, Cumse,

Parthenope, together with

Miseno,
the the

Monte

inhabitants

of

Circe, the Syrens, and

the bay Lestrigones,

and the

of

Naples,

the

promontory
make

of Minerva, but
a

whole

.Campagnia Felice, landscape ;

warm,

part of this noble

an

which numbers

would
as

demand

imaginationas
own

and

flowingas

your

to

scribe de-

it."
"

Note
"*'

19,

page

62.

I have

been
woman

walk," just taking a solitary

in
a

says

this admirable

letter to her
innocent

"and sister,

entertaining myself with

ihat verdant

all the

pleasures,

shades,paintedflowers,fragrant breezes,

300

NOTES.
birds warbling
my
can

and

yield."If
I

I could

cate communicall the

be of

I would pleasureby description, assist

me

muses

to to

; but
are sure

am

afraid it would

sipid inthe

you,
Yet

that
I
am

but

moderately
would

fond

country."
that
more

you

relish any
;

sure, pleacan

heightened your
? I have
view been their

devotion

and
the

what

raise it, than viewing efFectually

beauties
flowers

of nature in

pullinga thousand

pieces,to
a

and elegance and variety, ton's rapture repeatedMil-

have

thousand
:

times- with

lines

These

are

thy gloriousworks, Parent

thine
this

of

good,

Almighty,
Thus

universal

frame,
wondrous
sons

wondrous
ye, who ;
"

fair !
best

thyselfhow
tell, ye
him.
"

then

Speak, Angels

can

of

light,

for ye

behold

They indeed
not

behold
to
some

the his

; but it is great original

denied

me

trace

in footsteps

the

flowery
in the the

and fields,

hear

faint echoes
meet

of his voice

harmony
softness my

of birds, or
of the

his

gentlewhispersin
; to xiv.

evening breezes
be

yet this only raises

the

impatienceto

admitted
"

blissful vision
"

of uncreated

beauty." Let.

pvigs.

Note

20,

page

66. the eyes of the do-

"

Nature

there

unfolded

to

302

NOTES.
It
a

parsonage.
way from down

"

is

situated delightfully

about about
a a

half mile

hill,frontingthe
"

south,
command

Coxheath.

The

windows
about

prospect
and from

extending southward,
east to west not
not

twelve
"

miles,

less than
a

forty.
in

In this whole of

space,
that is

I do
not

perceive
"

single speck
lawns

ground,

cultivated.

The

the

neighbourhood,
of the
so

the

hop-grounds,

the

rich verdure
a

trees, and

their endless and

so

form variety,

scenery
not

picturesque
to

luxuriant, that it is
;

easy

fancy

any
and

thing finer

add

to

the cottages, churches, this,

villagesrising here
in ten
them

and

there different
at

among

the

trees
some

posed disof
more

thousand

forms, and
distance
some

visible in the horizon

ten

the

of

than

miles,
The water,

and

you

will

have

idea
murmur

of
of

Hunton."

only thing wanting

but
we

is the

running

have

some

ponds
trees

and

clear
a

pools, that

glitterthrough
;

the

and

have
we

pleasing effect
no

with

abundance
;

of

shade,

have

damp
at

nor

fenny ground
distance, like
press upon
that
we us.

and

though

the country grove, road

the

looks
trees

one

continued
There the

do

not

"

is no

within

the hedges sight,

overhang
see

highways being
nor

very

high

; so

that

neither^ravellers,
in

and carriages,

indeed
such
was
an

hardly any thing

idea
of

motion

which
I think

conveys I
never

peace

and
"

quiet,as

conscious

of before."

NOTES.

303

Note

22,

page

80.

'to

cultivated

mind, says
man,
no

this

accomplishedand

minded elegantly
"

part of the creation

and howling city,

is indifferen

In

the crowded cultivated

ness wilder-

in the

province, and
and craggy
in

isle ; solitary
;

in

the

flowery lawn,
of
; ;

mountain
the

in the
of

murmur

the

rivulet,and
radiance
of

uproar
and

the of

ocean

in

the

summer,

gloom

winter of the soothe

or

in the

thunder

of heaven, and

in the
to

whisper
or

breeze, he stillfinds something

his

raise

to

imagination,to
his

draw

forth his
"

affections,
every

to

employ

understanding.
that
is not

And

from

mental
even

energy,
some

attended
as

with

pain, and
terror

from
a pity,

of those, that are,

mind

moderate

and

sound

derives
to

satisfaction ; exercise

being equally necessary

and
to

the

body

and

the and

soul,

both

equallyproductive of

health

sure." pleaII.

Essays on
p. 33.

Poetry

and

Music, Part I. ch.

Note
Ossian in which has
the A

23,

page

86.

described

the

of generalstyle
their

scenery, dence."" resi-

Highland
green its
own

chiefs fixed

usual

in the bosom field,

winds of hills,

silent

with

blue

stream.

"

Here, amid

the

80 i

NOTES.
of

waving
old.""

oaks,

were

the

dwellingsof

the

kings of

"

The

seats
"

of the
were

Highland chiefs,"says
neither with
nor disagreeable

an

nent emi-

critic,
"

venient. incon-

Surrounded

mountains
from

and

hanging

woods,

they were
"

covered them

the

inclemency of
a

the weather. which the

sea,
"

Near

gene:
net

allyran

largeriver,
an arm

discharging itself
or

far

into off, with with

them
"

of

extensive
The

lake, swarmed
were

variety
;

of fish. and

woods and

stocked behind
and
state
;

wild-fowl
were
we

the heaths
seat

mountains red-deer backward

the make

natural allowance

of the

roe.

If

for the
not at

of

the agriculture,
not

were valleys

unfertile

if affording,

all the
"

conveniences,
the his chief
own

least the

necessaries

of life. and

Here

lived,the
but

supreme
his sway

judge
was

lawgiver of
severe nor

people ;
"

neither
him
as

unjust.
of their
members

As

the
so

populace regarded
he, in return,

the

chief
as

blood,
of his absolute
a

considered

them

family.
"

His

commands,
more

therefore,
of the

though

and

decisive, partook
the

authorityof Though
the
as

father, than

rigour of
th^tribe

judge.
"

whole

of territory of the

was

sidered con-

the
no

property
other

chief, yet
than His

his vassals

made

him

consideration,
nor

services,
table
was

neither

burthensome

frequent.
"

NOTES.

305

supplied by
attendants

his

own

herds, and

what

his

numerous

killed

in

hunting.
"

In this rural kind

of

magnificence,the
ages. and
"

Highland
from

chiefs
seat

lived, for
of

many-

At

distance

the

government, country,
tion Disserta-

secured
were

by

the inaccessibleness

of their

they

free and

independent.
"

Blair's

concerningthe

Poems

of Ossian.
page

Note
The of sea, wooded
"

24,

88.

Rhine
near a

here

grows

very

wide

and
are

forms several
an

kind well-

mile

broad,
The

in which

islands."
The

Rhinegau
of the the

forms

theatre. amphi-

banks

river, the
the

hills which

form

the
are

circles and
sown thickly

slopesof

great

tains, moun-

with of the

villagesand

hamlets. the

"

The

white

appearance

and buildings,

fine

slated roofs of the houses, playingamidst green

In the

the various

of the space

landscape,have
of every with for
a

an

admirable
you

effect.
"

mile,
A

as

sail down
in any

the

river, you

meet

which, village,
town.
"

other

place,would
contain there
are

pass

Many
in the

of the

villages

from

three

to

four
them

hundred

families ; and
space of fifteen of this

of thirty-six six

miles

long, and

broad, which
"

is the

width

beautiful
hills and

amphitheatre.
mountains
are

The

declivities of all the

with

planted thick

vineyards
tops of the

and

fruit-trees ; and
vol.

the thick wooded

x

II.

306
hills cast

NOTES.

gloomy

horror

over

the otherwise then

a
row

ful cheer-

landscape." -Every now

hills
run

and
to

of

ragged

down directly

the shore, and

domineer
"

over majestically

the

lesser hills under

them.

The
ceedingly ex-

bank

of the

Rhine, opposite to the Rhinegau, is

barren, and
prospect,
;
on on

heightens
side, by

the

beauty of
contrast

the
hibits ex-

the

other

the

it three

this side, you these

hardly meet
are

above

or

four other.

and villages,
"

far distant
them

from is

each

The

great interval between

occupied
a

by
bush

heaths

and

meadows,

only here
a

and

there

thick

affords

some

shade, and
the

few

corn-fields

among

the

enliven villages

gloomy landscape."The
is the
a

back-ground
part of it.
"

of this country

most

picturesque
tains, moun-

It is formed

by
in

narrow

of gullet

which sheim and

diminish

perspectivebetween
and

Rudetains moun-

Bingen.
over

"

rocks Perpendicular

hang
to

the

Rhine,

at

this

place,and

seem
a

make

it the dominion
the

of eternal
to
come

night.
"

At

tance, dis-

Rhine hole

seems

out
;

of this

landscape
to
a run

through

under
to

ground

and

it appears

tediouslyin

order

enjoy its course

"

through
there
not

sant pleais
not

country the
any

longer.

In

word,
does

thing in

this whole
to

tract,

that and

bute contri-

something
the whole.
"

the

beauty

magnificence of
many, throughGer-

Baron
in.

Riesbach's

Travels

Vol.

p. 236-7.

NOTES.

307

Note

25,

page

89.

Montaigne
in passions

says, the game

of chess
"

exercises

the

the

highestdegree.
error.
"

Ess. b. 1. ch. 50.

Had he
that said,
to

"This

is, undoubtedly,an
the

it exercises
correction
nearer

mental

and faculties, would

tends
been

the

of the

he passions,
"

have

much

the truth.
on

work highlyinteresting
"

might

be written

the

of chess. morality
26,
page

Note It is said that his Mr.

91.
was

Blacklock, who
visual

blind from
nishing astowas

could infancy, accuracy:

describe
and

objectswith
who

Mr.
at

Saunderson,

professorof
gave
lectures

mathematics
on

Cambridge, actually
of

the
no

theory
be
true

colours !
"

As

Mr.

Saunderson the

made

discoveries may
no

in the

science,perhaps for,on
the

phenomenon
he

accounted ideas of Milton's

that principle,

had

colour,but

as taught the theory of o.thers,

daughters
the

read
or

Hebrew

without
"

either understanding Mr. Burke's

points
v.

the
5.

language. Vid.

Essay, Part

sect.

Note

27, page
has written

95.
a
"

Madame acts, upon the Rose

of

de Genlis this

comedy,
The

in two of

: elegantsubject

"

Queen

Salengy."
"

Louis

13th

the dispatched

303

NOTES.
from Varennes and
a

Marquis de Gordes
presents of
Queen
made winner
a a

to

with Salency,
for ring, the

blue

ribbon
:

silver Mons.

of the Rose settlement of the

roses.

and

in 1766

Morfontaine
the

of 120
"

livres upon

annual

The
a

account following

of

garland, presented by
from
a

lover to

his

is taken mistress,
II.

Curiosities of

Vol. Literature, Huet."

p. 514

it is

translation from

The of her tavus, with her

beautiful Julia

d'Angennes was
when the

in the flower Gus-

youth

and

fame,

celebrated
war

king of Sweden,
the
most

was

making

in

Germany

splendidsuccess."
of this hero. and toilette, would Duke ardent have
"

Julia She

expressed
his portrait

warm

admiration her she

had

placedon
that

took
no

in pleasure lover

claring, de-

other
was,

than

Gustavus."
her avowed the death
a gift,

The and of

de Montausier

however,

admirer.
he sent

"

short time after

a
new

Gustavus,

her, as

year's

poetical

garland,

of which

the

following

is a

description.

He

had

in miniature, the painted,

an.
"

most

beautiful

flowers,by
all of
was
one

eminent Under

on artist,

pieces of vellum,
a

size.

every flower

sufficient space

left open

for the admission

of

madrigalon

the

310
attract daily

NOTES.
are attention,

our

from deduced derived

the

Saxon."

Our

derivatives are, of course, while

our are primitives

from from

tives, primiother

much languages,

after the ratio of the

scale following in
a case

of

obligation. Mathematical
"

accuracy,

of

this sort, is

not

to

be
so

as fairly expected, particularly

etymologists are
other.
"

at frequently to

war

with

each the

It

ought, however,

be

observed, that
far from

here stated, are far, obligations, very

being

overcharged.

Nothing
borrowed
esteem

is

more

in singular

the

of history of
our

glish En-

than etymology,
so

the circumstance the Welch

;

having
we

little from
most

which

may

the

uncorrupted

of all the

fourteen for

vernacular

languages in Europe;"

and

which

NOTES.
it is the worst if we harsh being exceedingly

311

reason

;
"

and

and, guttural,
of
a

may range.
;
"

judge from
"

its dictionary, four

very
"

limited The

This

language had
;

dialects:

Cornish

the Armorican The Cornish

the Northern, but

and the Southern. the Armorican may Note

is extinct:

be stilltraced in

Britany.

30,

page

103. oration
over

Anthony,

in his celebrated

the dead of
nificence mu-

body

of Cesar,
;

expatiates upon
as a

this instance his estimation

and,
not

proof of
the
his
a

of the Cesar

he gift,

does

inform them

populace, that

had

bequeathedto
had

garden,tillhe
money
as

has said,
;
a
as

that he

left them

legacy in
should

if he

intended, that the former

to

operate

climax

his

eloquence.
"

Anthony. Moreover,
His On
And To

he

hath
new

left you

all his

walks,

privatearbours,
that
to

and

planted orchards,
left them
common

side Tiber
your heirs

; he

hath
;

you,

for and

ever

pleasures,
"

walk

abroad

recreate

yourselves.
Julius

Cesar, Act

ill.

sc.

3.

the people immediately resolve Upon hearingthis,

upon

burning

the

houses

of all the

conspirators!"

Note

31,

page

10?.

the situation of Alexander, says Pocock, admiring

312

NOTES.
ancient

the

lthacotis, ordered
was

city to
own

be
"

built
This
;

there, which
new

called
the

after his

name.

citybecame
Arabian the

capitalof

the

kingdom
it
was

and

the

historians

say, that, when

so

taken

by

Saracens,it was
four

and extensive, magnificent

that

it contained
four hundred
"

thousand squares,

palaces,as
and

many

baths,

forty thousand

Jews. tributary

Pocoche's

Travels

through Egypt."'

Note
The
are

32,
are

page

107.

walls,

as

we

informed
paces thick

by
at

Marco
the

Polo, bottom,
at

formed

of earth, ten

and
with has

graduallytapering to
white three
over

three
Each

paces
side

thick
of the

top,

battlements.

"

square

principal gates, having sumptuous

each the
"

palaces,
the

built

other

and

there
the

are

in pavilions of the this

are

angles of
are

walls,where
whole

arms

garrison
actly ex-

kept.

The

of buildings all the

streets

cityare
laid is
out

squared, and
straightlines;
from houses
courts
so

in

that

free prospect

preserved,
and

gate
are

to

gate, through the whole built, on

"

city;
Polo

the

each

side, like palaces with

in Tar-

and

gardens. Travels of Marco

xr.

tary, Sect.

Note

33,

page

108.

Accident of

was

undoubtedly the originof

"
"

the
we

city
are

Stockholm.

The

viceroy,who,"

as

NOTES. informed

3t3

by Mr. Wraxall,
II. of
and

"

governed Sweden
determined
of

der un-

Christian

Denmark,
instead of his of

upon proper
cally whimsithe it A and the

founding a city:
spot for
set

fixingon
very
afloat whatever

the
a

execution

plan, he

large piece
and

wood
at

down

Meier should

Lake,

resolved
to

place
"

stop, there

build his
the

projectedtown.
in its progress,
to

small island arrested

the
name

stick
was

of Stockholm
"

given
Tour

it from

circumstance."

Vid.

WraxaWs Swedish
and
a

in the North well

the
are

of Europe.
"

Stock in the

language, as
means

as

in the of
a

Dutch,

Saxon,
Holme
the

English,
"

body
two

plant;
in

"

river island. Channel

There called

islands

Bristol

the

Holmes.-"

Note
I
am now

34,

page

110.

in

Valentia, situated

in

largevega
"

or

valley,about
and

sixtymiles
sweetest

in compass:

here the

are

the

the strongest silks,

most

almonds,
in all

best

oils,
very

beautiful make

females

Spain." The
of
we

brute and

animals other wind

themselves
;

beds when
we

rosemary,
are

fragrantflowers
blow
we

and

at

sea,

if the

from
come

the in

shore,

may

smell

this

before soil,

sightof it,many
scent

leagues off,
The

by

the

strong odoriferous

it casts.

"

Moors,

when

they were
in

banished that

to

Barbary, thought,that
heavens,
which

paradise was

part of the

314

NOTES.
over

hung
1.

this

city.
"

Hotel's

Letters, book

i. sect.

lett. xxv.

Note

35,

page

110.

It is difficult to reconcile
on

the

accounts

of writers

the

ancient

situation and that

was

climate
had

of

Palmyra.
"

Mr.

Gibbon
;

says,

Palmyra
pure,
and

several

tains foun-

that the air

the soil
name

capable of

producing fruit

and

corn.
once

"

Its

undoubtedly
by palm
trees, that

denotes, that it was yet Josephus says

it
was

surrounded

it had
a

only one

fountain,and

situated in

literal desert.

Note Marisque

36,

page

112.

Baiis obstrepentis urges

summovere

litora,

Parum

locuplescontinente

ripa, "c.
Hor.

"c.

Lib.

n.

Od.

18.

Cicero
this

had
was

villa
of

at

Baia.

"

The that

character
"

of

place
Baia

that
no

nature,

Propertius
she had
minated conta-

esteemed

Cynthia
;

since longer faithful, considered himself

"

entered

and Seneca

for Let.
cxvi.
v. Sylv.

having onlyonce
Permit Lib.
in. me

there." slept refer you,

Dupaty,
tins, Staiv.

to

also, to

v.

Lib. 95. Silius Italicus,

Note The

37,

page

113.

splendourof

this villa may

be, in

some

de-

NOTES. gree, ascertained

discovered

315

by

the

numerous

remains

of antiquity the last of

among

its ruins

during

century."

In

1771

several

valuable

fragments
whose
"

sculpture were
sold them
to

discovered Cardinal

by Signor Rolli, who

at

Polignac;
the
a

decease In 1790

they were
Mr.
Gavin

bought by
Hamilton,

King

of Prussia.
some

painterof
the

eminence,

at Rome, residing

discovered

mable inestifollowing

treasures.

IN

THE

MUSEO

PIO-CLEMENTINO.

ITead Bast Head Do. Do.

of Menelaus.
of
a

Vase Head

with
of
a

"c. peacocks, fishes,

ram.

philosopher.

of Plato. in red of
a

Statue
A A stork

of Nemesis. of
rosso

marble.

antico.

Mauritanian.

greyhound.
with
ornaments.

Bust

of Hadrian. Pius.

Column

Antoninus

AT

THE

VILLA

ALBANI.

sphynx:

green

basaltes.

Head

of Caracalla. of Lucius

Head Bust

of Antinous. of Caracalla.

Bust

Verus.

MARQUIS Statue Do. of Cincinnatus.

OF

LANSDOWN.

Cupid

and
a

Psyche.
fragment.
muse.

of Paris.

Pudicia,
Head of

Antinous.
Do. Bust
as an

Egyptian
victor

deity.
Olym-

Two

Egyptian
marble.

idols

in. black

of

in the

pic games.

Bas-relief

in do.

316
MANSEL

NOTES.
TALBOT,
ESQ. MARGAM

ABBEY.

Statue

of

Ptolemy.

Bust

of Sabina.

Bust

of Hadrian.
CAVALLIEIiE

PIRANESI.

great

number

of

fragments

of vases, and
a

animals

of different
of

sorts, some

elegant ornaments,
the

colossal

head

Her-

eules,in

Townley
GENERAL

collection.
SCHWALLOFF.

Antinous,

head.

Bust

of
as

young

man,

as

large

Sabina, do.
EMPEROR OF

life.

RUSSIA. of Antinous.

Statue Head Bust

of

Cupid.

Head
Do.
now

of Juno. of L.

ofPompey.
of Dorset.

Verus,

at

St.

Duke

Petersburgh.
MR.
JENKINS.

Lucilla. Juno.
Athleta.
MR.

Jupiter,
Faustina

Junior,

"c.

"c.

TOWNLEY.

Greek
A dozen

hero,

head. and

to

different

parts

of

Ger-

busts

beads,
is
a

sent

many.

At

Stowe,

there
a

a sarcophagi, representing

in sacrifice, Cawdor
to

groupe
vase

of six

figures ;

and

Lord

had
the

(nearlyequal in
Portland of
vase

size and

ture sculpwas

celebrated
the
"

vase) which
sold
for

found called

among

ruins

Hadrian's
was

villa,now
seven

Pantanello.

This

318

NOTES.
a place so finding

without
of

well
"

adaptedfor

the asylum

silence and
an

peace.
the

Bourganne,

p. 335."

What
morceau

effect would
have upon the

following elegantlittle
the

stranger, wanderingin these

upon

were regions,

it inscribed
"

simpleportic"

of

an

hermitage!
INSCRIPTION.

thou, who

to this wild

retreat

Shalt To This

lead, by choice, thy pilgrim feet,

the dark wood

trace

waving

o'er

rocky
thou shuns leaves the

cell and

sainted

floor ;

If here
That That Learns Then Yon

bring a gentle mind,

by fits, yet
the best
on

loves

mankind,
in this wood

schools,and
science
the
"

to be

good

soft,as
oaks
to

dews

below

their silent umbrage

throw,

Peace,

thy prayers
bless

by virtue brought,

Pilgrim,shall

thy

hallow'd

thought.
Stcevciis,

Note The Swedes

own were

41,
so

page

138. at

charmed,
a

having a
an

native

of their

country, for
the

king,

which,
had
a

before
a

accession

of Gustavus

indulgence, III. they

event,
on

not, for

long time, enjoyed,that they struck

of the

medal
reverse

in commemoration

happy
"

the

of which
"

was

this

inscriptionFadern's
"

land et, Tour

It is my

native

land."

Vid.

Wraxall's
"

throughthe

North

of Europe, p. 28/.

The

NOTES.

S19
forbids every

Japanesehave
sail
out

law, which

subjectto
death.
to
a

of the

sightof land, under

are

penaltyof
by
a

"Those,

therefore,who

driven
renounce

storm

shore,are foreign

obligedto
amiable

every

idea of does
in its

returningto
a

their native soil.

"

De

Page.

Thus

law, the

most
a

in its

origin, operate,
most

in application,
on one

manner,

the
best

gigantically pressive opthe human

of the

of feelings

heart !"

Note The
Moore.
"

42,

page

138. described

bay
"

of

Naples
was

is thus founded

by
is

Dr.

Naples

by

the

Greeks."
one

The

charming, situation, they have

thousands, of the fine
"

chosen,
taste

proof,among

of that ingenious

people.
named

The

bay

is about
in diameter

miles thirty
"

in

circumference, and
crater

twelve its

it has

been
to most
a

from bowl

supposed resemblance
with

bowl."

This

is ojrnamented with vines

;

the

beautiful
and

foliage ;
trees

with

olive, mulberry,
villas and

orange
"

; with

hills, dales,towns,
of the of
a

villages.At
town

the in

bottom

bay
vast
sea.

of

Naples, the
If from
see

is built

the

form

amphitheatre,
"

from sloping
town

the

hills towards eyes

to

the the

the

you

turn

your

east, you
and

the

rich
"

plains, leadingto
look
to

Mount west,
on

Vesuvius
you

Portici.

If you

the

have

the

grotto of
is

the Pausilippo,

mountain

which

tomb Virgil's

320

NOTES.
the
"

placed, and
coast

fields
On
the

leading
north shore

to

Puzzoli
the
to

and

the

of

Baia.

are

fertile

hills,

graduallyrisingfrom
Felice.
two
"

the

the

Campagna
by
the the

On

the south
of

is the

bay,
and

confined

promontories

Misenum

Minerva,

view and

being terminated Caprea

you with
"

by
you

the islands ascend

to

Procida, Ischia,
the castle

and

as

of St. eye
at

Elmo,
once,

have

all these of

objects under
a

your

the addition Moore's

ii.

pagna." great part of the CamManners in

Viexv

of Societyand

Vol. Italy,

p. 123.

It
was

was

at

Naples Virgilwrote
to
a

his

Georgics ;
called
the mother

it

compared
;
"

beautiful

and virgin,
idleness and and

Par-

thenope

the

of birthplace

of all effeminate and

pleasures:
"

yet Silius
which would

Italicus have well

as

Statius
it

add
even

circumstances,
to

endeared the
most

the

most

as austerely,

elegantlyvirtuous.

"

"

exemptum

curis

gravioribus

aevuni.

"

Silius Italic. Lib.

XII.

Et

nunquam

turbata

quies, soumique

peracli.
"

Statius.

Sglv,Lib.

III.

Note

43,

page

144.

Omitted.

NOTES.
Note

32 L

44,
called

page

149.
the French la maladie sessing posas

This

passionis
To

by

du pays."
any

foreignears,
attractive may
be

this air is far from

"

powers. allowed Swiss of the

It is the

as

wild

and

barren,
the
most
over

(ifI
bleak

comparison), as
"

of the
hearts it its

mountains.
Swiss

ence Its influthe

the

arises from
not

associations,which
intrinsic
Suisses merit of

produces, and
own.
"

from

any des
de le

Cet

air

si chert
mort

Jut defendu, sous qiCil

leurs troupes, parce
ou

peine de

jouer dans
larmes,
tant

qiCilfaisoitfondre en
ceux

deserter
en

mourir
eux

qui I'entendoient,
desir de
de

il excitoit
"

f ardent

revoir leur
art.

pays.
Ranee

Rousseau.
des

Dictionnaire
"
"

Musique,
as

Vaches.

This

tune,"
been

Dr.

Beattie

observes, beautifully
of their childhood
and

"

having
wild

the recals

attendant
to

earlyyouth,
of and liberty

their

memory

those

regionsof days

beauty and

rude

nificence, mag-

those

peace,

those

nights
tender

of

those festivity,

happy assemblies, those formerlyendeared

their the with
to

which passions,

them
;

their country, their homes, and and

employments
scenes

which,

when
now

compared

of uproar

they

are

engaged in, and

awaken

the
as

servitude

they now
overpowers

undergo,
them."
1.
"

such

regret

entirely

Beattie,s
vi.

Essays on Poetryand

Musict Part
VOL.
II.

ch.

2.
Y

322

NOTES.
Note The

45,
on

page

150.

joy
is

of

Swiss,

returning to

his native
"

country,
"

beautifullydescribed
I
"

by Rousseau.
the
more

The

nearer

drew

to

Switzerland

was

agitated. That
lake of

instant, in which
from the

I discovered
was

the
a

Geneva,
of

heights of Jura,
"

moment

rapture and
beloved overflowed

ecstacy.

The

sightof
a

my
of

country,

that

country, where
my
;

deluge
pure

pleasures had
wholesome

heart

the

and of the
east ;

air of the
more

Alps
than

the

gentlebreeze
of the

country,
that the that

sweet

the

perfumes

rich and
most

fertile spot, that unrivalled

ever

landscape,
eye
of man;

that beautiful,

struck
which of the I

the

abode, delightful
in the
vast

to tour

found

nothing
the aspect

comparable
of
a

globe :

free
;

and

happy people ; serenity of

the

the

mildness
;
a

of

the

season

the

climate recalled
all
a

thousand my
mind

which pleasing recollections, the

to

pleasures I
I

had

enjoyed:
me

these
of
to
one

stances circum-

togetherthrew
which
cannot

into

kind

transport,
collect the

describe,and
of my

seemed

enjoyments
"

whole

life into
%"

happy

ment." mo-

Dear And

is that
dear
as a

shed,

to

which

his soul
lifts him sounds mother's

conforms,
to

that

which hill,
when closer

the

storms

"

And,

babe,
and

scaring
to the

moles!,
brer.st.

Clings

close

NOTES.
So But the loud bind
him

323

torrent,and
to

the

whirlwind's mountains

roar,
more.

bis

native

Traveller.

Note
"

46,

page

158.

The

days of

my

captivity," says
from

Helen

Maria

Williams, "are
seem

broughtbackby circumstances,which
sorrows,

remote sufficiently

by

that

nection con-

of the describes think

so

past with the present, which

And beautifully.
"

Akenside

you

will,perhaps,
I of

my

somewhat imagination that the

disordered,when
the

tell you, which

lake, from
this

luxuriant
to

banks

I send

you

recals letter,

my
"

mind,
The

my

apartment
of that

in the

Luxembourg
were

prison.

walls

apartment
a

hung

with

tapestry, which

described

landscapeof
have

romantic almost

beauty;

on

that self, myhow

landscapeI
that

gazed, tillI
was

persuaded
me

the my

scenery eyes
wounded

alive around fixed upon

"

often,when
which
man

were

that canvass, the of cruelty

led my
to
to

from spirit
"

the be

benignityof God;
seated
at

how

often

did

wish

the
some

foot of mimic
rose

those

sheltering

hills,which
beneath the
a

embosomed

or habitations,

mighty elm,
the

which

foreground of
a

piece, and

in majestically spread its thick

to
me

foliage over
summit
torrent

green

slope, appeared
"

the

of all stream,

earthly felicity!Those
which rolled down
y

the hills,

their steep

sTdes,

324

NOTES.

the
are

shady elm,
I

and

all the

objectsof
my

the

tapestry
often,

indelibly impressedon
am

memory;

and

when

wandering through the charming scenes

a

of Switzerland,
over

country, where

nature

has

spread
in

every

landscapethose
bathed

lavish graces,
a

which,

other I have

regions, belong only to

felt my of

few

favoured

spots,
amid ject, ob-

eyes

in

tears, when,
some

views

overwhelming greatness, by others,had

"

minute

unobserved
to

led my few

imagination
days since,
terrific form, each

the

tapestry and the prison. A

falls of rocks

passed along the

under clefts, succession
down of

Tessino, rolling through

of the most

narrow

in

torrents,

sweeping after
broken from

other
course

the
enormous

abrupt descent, and fragments torn

scattered

in their

by

the cliffs,
in the

sometimes and the

raisingtheir
when
I

surges

air,
of

sometimes foam:

the prismaticcolours displaying

was
are

standingon
thrown work
across

one

of those the

daring bridges,that
and

gulf,

that
;

tradition calls the

after the mind the
rushed
to

of

supernatural

agency
which

first transport of loses all traces

admiration, in
the the

the

of

past,

or

thought of
which rill,

future, had
down my
the

subsided,

torrent

Luxembourg

tapestry,
the

presenteditself
pendant
and cliffs, its
groves above

memory,

while, amid

of the

pine

and

fir,bending along the

sweeping birch, which

in the

dipped
a

drooping branches

surf, I discovered

326 Note
"

NOTES. 168. the

"

48,

page

Even

the

thoughtlessand
Mr.

dissipated,"
yield
nature
sciously uncon-

observes beautifully
to

Alison,
instincts

the

beneficent

of

and

in the it
"

pursuitof pleasure,return
noblest sentiments leave the of society

without

knowing
ficial arti-

to

the first and

of their nature. all the

They

cities and feel

have
"

pleasures, which
without into

they
those
a

occupied,
hasten
scenes,
to
perience ex-

their imagination. They satiating

and solitary
to
more

those

uncultivated purer

where

they seem
some

breathe

air, and
"

profound delight. They

and

leave

behind
to meet

them
nature
"

all the arts

in her

all the labours

of man,

and primaevalmagnificence of their natural

awakened
to
a

beauty. they
and love

Amid
to

the slumber

thoughts,
those

feel themselves

deep
and
a

majesticemotions, expansion
and
to

which

give

new

nobler

their hearts, and

of their

amid

the tumult

astonishment

imagination,

Praesentiorem
Per

conspicereDeum
fera

invias

rupes,

perjuga,
sonantes

Clirosque praruptos,
Inter
aquas;

nemorumque

m,Vein.

"

It is

on

this account,

that it is of
of the young, for

so

much
to

quence conse-

in the education their

encourage

instinctive
"

taste

the
to

beauty
the

and

sublimity

of nature.

While

it opens

years of infancy

NOTES.

327
and
on

or

youth

source

of

pure

permanent
the character

ment, enjoyand
to

it has

consequences future
to

happiness of
foresee." and

life,which

they ax*e
amid
one

unable

It is

providethem,
with society,

all the

tions agitaalliance

trials of

gentle, unre
ever

proaching friend, whose

with is able both
"

voice

is

in

goodness and virtue,and

to

which

when

once

derstood, un-

soothe
to

misfortune

and
with

to

reclaim

from

folly.

It is
to

them identify
which

the
and

happinessof
to

that nature,
an

they belong ;
the

give them
and

interest in every
them
;

species of being,
hours of
riosity cu-

which

surrounds

and

amid

delight,to
and of

awaken

those

latent
which

feelings
all the

of benevolence moral
"

sympathy, from
man

or

intellectual greatness of

arises. finally

It is
"

to

lay the
the

foundation

of

an

earlyand
of the make

manly
material

piety;
in signs,

amid

magnificent system
and

which
can

they reside,to give them

them interpret
; to

mighty
them
as

key, which
look the
as

upon abode

the

universe, which
human
cares

they inhabit, not

or

only of
service

human in which

joys, but

the

temple
and

of the
to

God, living

praiseis
the page

due

and

be

performed."" -Essay on
the

Beauty
445.

of Sublimity

material

World,

Note The

49,

page

174.
ancient

ruins of Cadzow

Castle,the

baronial

326

NOTES.
of the

residence
upon
two

family of Hamilton,
of the river
the its junction with

are

situated
about It
was

the

banks precipitous

Evan,
"

miles above

Clyde.
civil wars,

dismantled, in
the
cause

the of

conclusion
the

of the

ing durwhose with

reign

unfortunate
devoted

Mary,
their

to

the house

of Hamilton

themselves

generous

zeal, which
very

occasioned their

temporary
"

and obscurity,

nearly

total ruin.
in

The

situation of the

ruins,embosomed
and

wood, darkened
the

by ivy

and

creeping shrubs,
is romantic of vicinity remains

overhanging
is

brawling torrent,
"

in the

highestdegree.
a

In

the

immediate

Cadzow

grove

of

immense which

oaks, the

of the Caledonian

Forest,
of Scotland,
ocean.
"

extended anciently
from the Eastern
trees
are

through the
to
so

south

the

Atlantic
that
"

Some have

of these

ancient,

they might
The

witnessed

the is

rites of the Druids.

the

whole

of this scenery

included, in
"

magnificent park
Scotch

of the

Duke

of Hamilton.
in.

Minstrelsy of the

Border, Vol.

p. 414.

Note
There have
not

50,

page

178.
some even

been

wanting
lose at

to

pose, supcover re-

that mountains
what
manner

may

one

time, and

they

have
or

lost at the

another, either after the

internal
"

of trees,

by

of operation p.
one

vo\a

in Philo. car\oes."T/ieo])hrastus curious

but

513.

It is

undoubted

fact,that

of the downs

NOTES.
in the Isle of the

329
in

Wight
of

has

decreased

height within
island.
"

memory

many
"the

persons
mother

in that

pides Euri-

calls Etna,

of

mountains

;"

the may

epithet is appliedwith
credit matter,
the assertion of

if we propriety, singular

Kircher,
that

that

the

quantity of
exceeds,
Vid.

expectorated by

mountain,

twenty

size of its own times, the original Mund.

bulk."

Kircher,

Sut. Vol.

I.

p. 202.

Note Pausanias. island years and of Lib.

vm.

51,

page

180.

in in
"

Arcad. existence It
was

50Q.

"

Since

the

Atlantis

was

nine
as

thousand
as

have
Asia
"

passed
Minor The its

away.

large
situated

Syria
in the the

put

together, and
of its

Atlantic.

structure

and buildings,

profusionof
"

gold
and

and

ivory, were
sciences

beyond imagination.
were

The the

arts

the

well

vated, culti-

and
ness

beauty

of its
bloom in

the profuselandscapes, of its

of its odours, the

its soil, were

flowers, and
the

the

of fertility

proportionto
"

ance abund"

of its mineral In what

productions.
in the

Plato
account

in Critia. of

instance, except
in art and
a

its proficiency

science, does
creation
?
"

this

island,which

has

been

esteemed

of Plato's

imagination,
that
vast

differ

from

America
has been
"

The

discoveryof
to

continent

said fancifully

have

been

told fore-

by

Seneca.

330

NOTES.
"venient

annis
oceanus

Secula Vincula

sens,
verum

quibus

laxet,

"c.

"c.

Medea,
Solon
are

v.

374.

wrote

poem

on

the

Atlantic

Island.
was

"

We
first

told

by

Diodorus

Siculus, that this island

and Carthaginians;

discovered

by

the

that that
no

when
one

they
should

had

discovered

it,they made
the

law,

settle in

it,under
Note 52,
us,

penalty of
181.
two

death.

"

page

Dion

Cassius
in
to

informs the
first

that these

cities

were

destroyed
endeavour the silence

eruption of
causes

Vesuvius of

the

the investigate

which,
"

sioned occa-

death

of

the

elder
the

Pliny.
account

From

the

of
has is

Pliny the
been

younger,
a

of Dion
"

Cassius
silence

made
"

subject of
For
to

doubt.
not

But

this of

no

argument.

it

was

the
a

duty

that

accomplished
the

orator

give

Tacitus

general

of description

whole

catastrophe,attending that
of which
as

remarkable is
no

and eruption,
as

Tacitus

was,

there

doubt,

well

informed,
he
was a

himself, but

only
pars
a

that part, of

which

witness [quorum
him
"

magna

fait;) and
as

which of
20.
was
"

affected
an

in

so

serious

point,
Lib. which

the

loss

uncle.

Vid.

Plin.

Ep.
in
"

vi.

Ep.

l6.

The

portion of Tacitus,
has been lost.

this

event

recorded,

NOTES.
If
are

331

we

to

doubt
are

the
not

evidence confirmed
of

of

because historians,

their facts
may

by others,
most

we

call in

question many
in the

the

important
world.
"

events, recorded

historyof

the

veral Se-

related by Suetonius, are incidents,

passedover tion conflagraby Eutyby St.

all the of that

by

Tacitus

Livy gives no by
which
not

account

of innumerable
;
"

mentioned particulars,
of

Plutarch is so

the

Alexandria,

described particularly alluded

are

is by Abulfaragius, chius
;

even

to

and

several

miracles
and

attested

Matthew,
record.
events
"

which

St. Mark

St. John

neglectedto
books

Plutarch, in
in the

his Life of third

Cesar, omits
sixth

related

and
"

great general'sCommentaries.
Note

53,

page

181.

From

the time

of

Odenatus, Zenobia,
name

and

Aure-

the lian,history preserved but

of this
the world and

great city,
had
power

it

was

merely
ideas
"

name,

for

very it

confused

of

the
were

real

grandeur
end

possessed. They
Europe,
when
some

scarcelyeven
the

suspected in
last

until towards

of the
of

century,
tired of ruins
to

English
the

merchants

Aleppo,
immense

hearing
be found of these
was

Bedouins

talk of the
to

in the desert,resolved

ascertain the truth

The first attempt
;

relations. extraordinary
in

"

made
were

1678, but
robbed

without

success

the

turers adven-

of all they had

by

the

Arabs, and

332
to obliged
"

NOTES.
return

without

their design, accomplishing

They again took courage in 1691, and at length obtained in question. a sight of the antiquities
"

Their

narrative, published
with
many,

in

the

Philosophical
refused

Transactions, met
men

who

belief;

could
in
a a

neither

conceive, nor
remote

persuade themselves
any habitable

that such

spot,

so

from their

place,

as magnificent city,

drawings described,
Dawkins himself
have that
or

could

have
in

existed.
the

"

But

since Mr.

lished, pubhad

1753,
the

plans and views, he

taken
and

on

spot in 1751, all doubts

ceased,

it is

acknowledged, universally
in

antiquity
be of Palmyra.

has

left

nothing, either
with

Greece

to Italy,

compared
"

the

of magnificence

the ruins and

Vid. p. 233.

Travels Volney's
"

in

Egypt
Nexu

Syria,
Oct.
"

Vol. 1695.

ii.

Transactions Philosophical

for

"

Wells's

Geography of the
ii.

Testament.

Pococke, Vol.
p.
134.

p.

106.

"

'MaundrelPs

Journey,

Note Were and any

54,

page

186.
to absolutely

of particle

matter

dissolve
would link in

evaporate, and

thus

become each
"

lost,bodies

lose their connection

the this

with

othe)^ and

grand

chain

be

is dropt: besides,so delicately

globe balanced,
would particle

that

an

annihilation
out totally

est of the smallof its

are

throw

it

sphere
not

in the universe.

"

The

balances

of nature

the

B34

NOTES.

Note
The
a lippo,

56,

pace

192.
the mountain
of
name

tomb

of

is Virgil

on

Pausi;

little above
to

the
narrow

grotto of that

you

ascend
a

it

by

path, which
with
and

runs

through

vineyard; it

is overgrown
shrubs

ivy leaves, and

; an

shaded

by branches,
walk solitary

bushes

ancient
"

bay-tree, with Many

The
a

infinite

propriety,overhangs it.
I taken his
to

have

this
we

place.
"

earth, which
in the

contains

ashes,
"

expect

to

find clothed this

verdure. brightest
the

Viewed adorn
the

from

magic spot,
recollected

objects which
"

bay
are

become
here of

doubly interesting. The

with additional
in
our

poet's verses
the
a

pleasure;
minds

verses

Virgilare

interwoven

with of

sand thou-

ideas, with interesting

years,
or

the

memory
of

our

ish boyour

the

scenes sportive

childhood, of
of whom

earliest friends
now

and

companions,
who still

many

are

dead
retain

and

those

and live,

for whom
at

we

the first

are impressionof affection,

such

distance,as renders
uncertain.
"

the

hopes

of

seeingthem

again
in
a

very

No

wonder,
that
our

therefore, when
steps
to

mood, contemplative
to
a

a^

often and of
our

directed
cherish

spot

so

well

calculated

create state

sentiments
Dr. Moore's
(I.

congenial with
View

the

mind.
in

"

of Societyand

Manners

Italy,

Vol.

p. 291.

NOTES.

335

Note
He Of
comes

57,
!
"

page

197.
breeze

! he

comes

in every
comes

the power

philosophic melancholy
near

His
The The

approach

the the

sudden mild
the
a

starting tear,
dejected air, beating heart,
pang declare.

glowing cheek,
softened

feature, and
many

Pierc'd O'er

deep with
all the soul

virtuous
influence the far

his sacred
;

breathes!
breast

Inflames
Infuses

imagination
every tenderness earth

through
;

and

Beyond

dim

exalts

the

swelling thought

This
to
11.

is

not

"

the

green

and

melancholy,'' }'ellow
in Twelfth
at

which
sc.

Shakspeare alludes
nor

Night, Act
in have vain
"

3;

the from

passion,pointed
which Milton is

by Fletcher,
to

the

poem, the

supposed
"

taken

idea of his II

Penseroso,

Hence

ye

delights,"c."

still less, is it the

corroding

spring off-

described ofphantasie,''

in Burton's
"

Anatomy,
the

but,

as

defined of

in the

context,

for disposition

indulgence

contemplation.""-To
mind

this

fection elegant aflution so-

of the of
an

and

heart,

we

may in

refer the

expression so
in Ossian
:
"

common
"

Homer,

in

Holy-writ, and
and

The

joy

of

grief;""
Ovid." Paterno.

the

"

est
a

quaxlam
similar

flere

voluptas"
"

of

Pliny
Lib.

has

sentiment.

Epist.

vm.

E.

16.

"

336

NOTES.

Note

58,
Ah

page

ig8.
!

Maria

Puellarum Ah!
Flore

Elegantissima,
Venustatis Vale!

Abrepta,

Heu

Quahto

Minus

Est

Cum

Versari, Reliquis
Quam
Tui
!

Meminisse
Note In

59,
men

page

201.

other

illustrious

(saysDiodorus
some possessed

Siculus,)
one

you

will observe, that each which quality,

was

ing shin"

the foundation virtues

were

of his fame. found

In

Epaminondas
of
;

all the

united:

force mind

body
and

eloquence of expression ; vigour of

of riches in
;

contempt

gentlenessof disposition ;
war.
"

courage

conduct

In
"

none

of

these

was qualities

Washington
two

deficient.

between parallel
were

these

distinguishedcharacters
"

worthy

the pen

of Plutarch.

Note

60,

page

231.
a;quora

Suave,
E
terra

mari

magno, "c.

turbantibus "c. "c.

vcntis,
Lucretius.

magnum,

This
all the

opinionof

Lucretius
error.
"

has The

been

repeated with
derive

obstinacyof

we pleasure,

NOTES. from
the

337
from spring tragedy,
has been mistaken and
an

of terror,and objects
source

from which

same

; a source,

by

the Abbe
"

du
A

Bos, by Fontenelle, by Hume,

words may
serve

by Burke.
argument,

few

to

conclude

which

has

the occupied

attention of metaphysicians years.

"

for seventeen

hundred excited

The

ings feelexcite

of
their

mankind

are

which by objects,
manner,
one as

and attract, in the same pity, towards each other ; in gravitate

planets
as

word,

Lord

Kaims

says,

sympathyis attractive.
"

Note The
and
:" ginseng

61,

page

232.

found

in many

parts of Tartary.
"

called

by

the the

Manchews,
remarkable

orhota.

This

plantis

said to possess
to.
"

It constitutes the the of

here alluded quality, article of commerce principal

between
have
was

Chinese

and

Eastern
the radix

Tartars."

Boer-

that opinion,

agrees in taste, smell,and

medical been

foeniculi vulgaris with the qualities

in

ginseng."This
North
America."

root

has

also discovered

The

erratici Jlores have papaveris the damask

years

also distillations from ananodyne quality;

rose."

The
at

ginsengwas

sold,near

an

hundred

ago,

25?.

sterling per pound.

Note

62,
from
:

page

240.

This

idea is taken

that

beautiful

passage

in

Akenside, where
VOT" II.

he says

338

NOTES.
For
as

old

Memnon's

image, long
the each

renown'd

By fabling Nilus, to
Of

quivering touch
repulsive string
the

Titan's

ray, with

Consenting, sounded
Unbidden strains.

through

warbling air

Akenside passage
in

seems

to

have

caught

this idea from

:
"

one

of

Moliere's

comedies
moms

selle, Mademoi-

says de Memnon
a

Diaforius, ne
rendoit
etre
sens im

plus,ne
son

que la statue

harmonieux
du

lorsqiCelle
de V

venoit
meme

eclair ee

des

rayons
doux
"

soleil : tout

me

je

anime
vos

d'un

transport a
La

rition appa-

du Act "naire,

soleil de
II. sc.

beatities.

Malade

Imagi-

5.

Note Omitted.

63 "

64,

page

250

"

264.

Note
"

65,
a

page

265.

peasant," says
"

celebrated
a

French
in valley

ist naturalthe bosom

*,
of the

led

happy
"

life in

small

Alps.

stream,
his

descending from
"

the

tains, moun-

fertilized
adored

garden.
increased
summer.

For

long
who

time

he

in peace
and

the beneficent who

Naiad,
its
"

supplied
its

the

current, with
his

quantityand
one

coolness it into

the heat of
that

He and

day

took
the
"

head,
she

he would

go

discover
urn.

place,where
To
ensure

concealed he

her inexhaustible
to
trace

success,

began

upwards the

St. Pierre.

NOTES.
of

339

current

his

brook.

"

He

keeps ascending the

mountain." thousand
and
new

Every step, he takes, discloses to him a forests,rivers, kingobjects,plains, doms,

oceans.
"

vast

Transported with delight,

the the

he flatters himself the blest

with
where
"

hope
after

of

soon

at arriving

abode,
the
at

gods preside over

a

the

destinyof
he
sees

world.
the

But
a

toilsome

journey,
"

arrives

foot of
him

tremendous

glacier. He

nothing around precipices. The

"

but

fogsand rocks, torrents

and

and

sweet

the valley, tranquil

have
a

humble
"

cot, His

or

the

beneficent

Naiad,

all

peared. disap-

patrimony is nothing but

masses

cloud, and

his

enormous divinity

of ice !"""

Note
"

66,

page

266. says

It has

often

struck

me,"

Mr.

Price, "

that

the

whole
that

system
of

of Venetian

colouring, larly (particuhas been

upon

Giorgione and

Titian, which

the the from

great object of
tints of

was hnitation,)

formed

autumn,
that

and

that

their
which such

pictureshave givesthem,
a as

thence Joshua

golden hue,

Sir
over

Reynolds observes,
"

superiority strongly
and rich

all others. those of

Their other
"

trees, "c.

have, more

than browns

any

the deep painters,

of that in the

season.

The
their the

same

generalblue
even

vails pre-

drapery of
has

and figures,
silver but

in their

flesh,which
nor

neither
of

purityof Guido,
a

the

freshness

Rubens,

glow perhaps

340

NOTES.

more

enchanting

than

either.""

Price's

Essays,

p. 197-" Note

67,

page

269.

Omitted. Note
Vide Moschus

68,

page
on

269.
the death
8.
"

in his poem
iv.

of Bion

imitated
"

by Horace, Lib.
:

Od.

Diffugere nives

redeunt
:"

jam
"c.

gramina campis,

"

Arboribisque comae
Hermit
is
"

"c.

Beattie's

conclusive

answer

to

the

of complaint Whatever may

the

Moschus.
may
have

been
may

his

and reading,

ever what-

be his

we faith,

triumphantly challenge
a

boldest

of critics

to

produce
and

poem

more

mirable ad-

in the choice in that

manner,

of

language,more
the

abounding

union
and

of the
more

solemn

in magnificent

of sublimity of feeling, productive St. Paul's

than

the

15th
"

chapter of
Had
it been

Epistleto

the

Corinthians.
even

written
have

by Mahomet,
confessed, that
and

Dr. Lowth
had

himself exceeded

must

Mahomet been

the

of Job, sublirtSty
even

touched

with holier fire, than

Isaiah himself.

T.

Lombard-street. DAVISON, Whitef'riars, London.