NIRMA LTD.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
OF
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
PROPOSED PATAN LIMESTONE MINE
(EXTENT: 911.4145 Ha.)

AT
VILLAGE PATAN, TALUKA-JAM JODHPUR,
DISTRICT JAMNAGAR (GUJARAT)

NOVEMBER, 2008

Prepared by:

M IN M EC CONSULTANCY PVT. LTD.

A- 1 2 1 , P a r y av a r a n C o mp l e x, IG N O U R o a d , N e w D e l h i – 1 10 0 3 0
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 Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 General background

M/s. Nirma Ltd. is a part of the Nirma Group, engaged in the business of
consumer products like Soap, Detergent and industrial products like
Sulphuric acid, Oleum, Distilled Fatty acids, Linear Alkyl Benzene, Soda ash
(Light & Dense), Salt etc.

This Group came in existence in the year 1980 and since then continuously
expanding its wings for increase in production capacities and diversification.
It has about 14,000 employee-base and annual turnover of around Rs. 3500
crores.

1.2 Location and communication

The mine is located near Village-Patan, Taluka-Jamjodhpur in district
Jamnagar of Gujarat state. The location of plant and study area can be
seen in Survey of India Topo sheet No. 41K/1 and 2 and 41G/13 and 14.
The location plan is shown in Fig 1. The plant site is located between
Latitude 21º47’15” to 21º51’00” North and Longitude 70º 00’ 30” to 70º 03’
00” East.

The site is accessible through road by national highway NH-8B, which is at

a distance of 50 km from the proposed site. Jamnagar is nearest Railway
station which is situated on Porbandar - Rajkot - Ahmedabad of broad
gauge section and nearest airport is at Jamnagar about 66 km from the site.

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Geology
The applied lease area is having hilly terrain. The rock formation belonging
to Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene age and designated as Miliolite
Formation occupies the Saurashtra coastal plain extending from northwest
of Porbandar to near Gopnath Point in Bhavnagar district. The rocks of the
Miliolite Formation along the coast have the appearance of dirty white,
friable, oolitic calcarinite. The miliolitic limestone occupies the hill slopes
and ledges and occurs at tongues along existing valley between hills of
Deccan Volcanic.

2.2 Details of Exploration

Drilling was done at 100 m interval along N-S and E-W grids. A total 234
bore holes were drilled during prospection with an aggregate meterage of
2205.50 m. From the nature & extent of the deposit, and the quantum and
intensity of mining already carried out in the area shows that chemical grade
limestone has been worked out up to full depth and below chemical grade,
cement grade limestone has been exposed on pit floor. No additional
exploration for chemical grade limestone, therefore, is considered
necessary in the area.

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2.3 Geological Reserves

The estimated net proved geological reserves of 4.39 million tonnes of

chemical grade represent the total quantity available from the applied lease
area. The reserves will be further reduced due to mining losses, out of the
net proved geological reserves of 4391891 tonnes, the reserves (sized
stone) available for the soda ash plant are estimated at 3733107 tonnes
after allowing for mining loss and generation of fines during sizing at mine
site. The estimated net proved geological reserves of 17766471 tonnes of
inferior grade (cement grade) represent the total quantity available. The
reserves will be further reduced due to mining losses. Thus, the reserves
available of cement grade are estimated at 17536932 tonnes.

2.4 Quality Parameters

Based on the result of geological investigation and exploration within the

applied area, the average quality of the chemical grade limestone within the
lease area is having Total Carbonates 92.00% and SiO2 4-5% and suitable
for Soda ash plant. The remaining limestone is all of inferior quality having a
weighted average CaCO3 content of 84% and MgCO3 content of 1.50% and
inferior quality limestone is eminently suitable for use in cement making
even without mixing with the high-grade fines.

2.5 Mining Technique

Taking into consideration shape and nature of deposit and the targeted
production, the mine will be worked by manual opencast method of mining.
Chemical grade limestone occurring as compact layer, will be worked in
benches. Individual bench height not exceeding 3 m. The drilling will be
done by drill machine. The blasting will be done mainly with ANFO & slurry
explosives. The sizing (30-120 mm) of chemical grade limestone will be
done manually at mine site and loading of sized limestone will be done
manually by labors into trucks & transported to Soda Ash plant regularly,
therefore no stacking for material is required. There is neither any topsoil
nor any overlying waste rocks strata as O/B to be removed as development
work.

2.6 Overburden, undersized limestone and topsoil

There is practically no soil covers as well as overburden overlaid on

limestone, however the undersized which is generated during mining
stacked on pit floor. There is no O/B or waste material available in the lease
area. There is neither any topsoil nor any overlying waste rocks strata as
O/B to be removed as development work proceeds.

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2.7 Year Wise Development of the Mine

The mine is designed and planned to handle about 3,60,000 tonnes of ROM
so as to produce about 3,06,000 tonnes of usable sized limestone for
making Soda Ash by the first year. Proposed production is targeted such as
to get 3,06,000 tonnes of usable sized limestone. The limestone production
targets (in tonnes) for the next five years from this applied lease area have
been fixed as given in Table 1:

TABLE 1
YEAR WISE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MINE (IN TONNES)
Year Target Sized (85%) Under sized Mining
(ROM) limestone (10%) losses (05%)
First 3,60,000 3,06,000 36,000 18,000
Second 3,60,000 3,06,000 36,000 18,000
Third 3,60,000 3,06,000 36,000 18,000
Fourth 3,60,000 3,06,000 36,000 18,000
Fifth 3,60,000 3,06,000 36,000 18,000
Total 1,800,000 1,530,000 180,000 90,000

2.8 Mining Equipment

Mining operation will be carried out by manual opencast mining method.

Atlas Halco Drifter machine, in combination with Atlas XAH-210 (450 cfm)
compressor will be used for drilling of blast holes. During mining, other tools
like Crowbar, pickaxe, spade, hand hammers, chisels, hooters etc will also
be used.

2.9 Site Services and Infrastructure

The applicant has office cum store available at the mine site. A first aid box
will be available and maintained in the lease area. Rest shelter along with
first aid station complying with all the provisions of Mines Rules will be
constructed in the applied lease area itself.

2.10 Power Requirement

As the mining activity will be carried out totally by manual method, no

electricity will be required. Since, the mine will work in one shift (i.e. general
shift only), lighting etc. for general purpose only will be necessary.

2.11 Water Requirement

Water required for mining and allied activities is about 87.5 KLD. No water
supply system exists in the area. Drinking water and water required for
other purposes will be brought from dug well / bore well situated within the
mine area. Drinking water will be stored in clean covered earthen pots and
kept near working places.

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2.12 Employment Potential

Total manpower required is about 297 that include managerial, supervisory,

skilled, semiskilled and unskilled personnel.

2.13 Transportation

From the proposed limestone production of approximately 0.36 million TPA,

no heavy machinery is proposed for mining, as proposed production will be
carried out by manual mining. Dumpers and trucks will be used for mineral
transportation from mine area to Soda Ash plant located near Bhavnagar
and mostly on hire basis. 50 to 60 Trucks of 20 T capacities will increase
per day from the present traffic load.

3.0 PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

The Mine Lease area forms the core zone and the study area within 10 km
radius from the core zone forms buffer zone. The two together forms study
area.

3.1 Topography and drainage

The applied lease area is all through hilly terrain. The highest point 280
MRL towards northern side of Tapkeshwar temple and the lowest elevation
125 MRL near mine office on low lying ridges. The project site is about 68
km from the sea coast and elevation of the area is about 140 to 235 m
above mean sea level.

Venu is the main seasonal river flowing from NW to SE outside applied

area. Phuljhar river flowing from NNE to SSW direction meets Venu river at
Hariasan. All small ephemeral nallah with applied area flow NE & South in
Part-I of the ML area and towards west & south in Part-II of ML area and
finally meet Venu river. The ground water table in this region fluctuates
between 25 to 60 m below surface level (bgl) depending upon topography.

3.2 Climate

The climate of the region is semiarid. Due to the coastal effect of the
Arabian Sea, climate of Patan area can be experienced as mild and
pleasant and categorised under warm temperature climatic region. The
coldest month is January and the hottest being the month of May. The
climate is moderate and temperature ranges from 38°C during summer to
about 12°C during winter. The average annual rainfall is 500 to 600 mm,
which is experienced during monsoon season from June to September.
Predominant wind direction is SW-NE. Generally wind velocity is of 10-12
km / hr in all seasons.

3.3 Micro-meteorological survey

Hourly Micro-Meteorological data was recorded at the site for a period of 3

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months comprising post monsoon season from December 2007 to February

2008. Temperature varied from 10.40°C to 34.30°C with an average of 22.94
°C. The relative humidity varied between 0.30% and 98.00% with an
average of 53.12%. Wind speed varied from calm to 36.30 km per hour with
an average of 8.86 km per hour and predominant wind direction is West
(16.16%).

3.4 Ambient air quality

In order to establish the baseline status with respect to ambient air quality,
five air sampling stations were established in the study area during post
monsoon season from December 2007 to February 2008, one adjacent to
the mine area and the remaining four in the study area at Dhoriyoness,
Malvada, Khageshri and Paradva. The concentration of RPM was found
between 19 to 83 µg/m3, SPM between 76 to 197 µg/m3, SO2 is found to be
between 4.0 to 13.9 µg/m3, NOX between 5.1 to 15.9 µg/m3 and CO less
than 1000 µg/m3.

3.5 Water environment

3.5.1 Ground water

The study area is underlain by 20-30 m thick Milolitic limestone formations

of Pleistocene to Holocene period and it overlies the Deccan trap formation
belonging to upper Cretocean to Eocene period. The secondary porosity
present in the form of fractures/joints forms the main groundwater repository
in the area. The ground water is present under unconfined or water table
conditions over the study area. Topography controls the configuration of
water table in the area. In summer the water table goes down 50 to 60 m.
the rainfall is the only source of ground water recharge. The monsoon
recharge of 35.22 MCM by water table fluctuation method should be taken.

3.5.2 Surface water

The rivers Venu, Kalendri and Dai are the only source of surface water in
the study area and surroundings. No water supply system exists in the area.
Drinking water and water for other purposes will be brought from dug well /
borewell situated within the Mine office premises. These rivers are though
seasonal but carry large volume of monsoon run-off. Though the rainfall
over the area is low to moderate, the rainwater storage in dugwells /
borewells, trenches is in practice over the area. The stored water acts as
source of fresh water for couple of months after rainy season. The overland
monsoon season runoff is intercepted and chanelised to local open wells to
a great extent by local villagers with a view to recharge the subsurface
aquifer. The effort has proved a great success.

3.5.3 Water quality

Water samples from 10 locations were collected and analysed in the

laboratory of Consulting Group. The result shows that parameters like

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colour, odour, taste and turbidity, calcium, copper, manganese, sulphate,

nitrate, fluoride and zinc are within desirable limits and unobjectionable.pH
value varies between 6.41 to 7.26 for the collected samples. Total Hardness
exceeds the desirable limit in one water sample. Copper, Manganese,
Sulphate, Mercury, Cadmium, Selenium, Arsenic, Lead, Chromium,
Aluminum, Boron Nitrate and Zinc are within desirable limit.

3.6 Noise level

Ambient noise levels were measured at 10 locations in and around the site
using a sound level meter along with filter. The noise level was found to be
between 46.5 dB[A] to 55.6 dB[A] during day time and 38.2 dB[A] to 43.6
dB[A] during night. Based on the observations made during the studies, it is
concluded that the noise levels observed at all the locations are within the
limits specified for residential and rural area category.

3.7 Traffic density

Traffic density measurements were performed at location on Patan-

Jamjodhpur Road. The monitoring was performed on 22nd and 23rd
February 2008. Total of 601 vehicles were found including HMV.

3.8 Land environment

Core zone: Total ML area is 911.4145 Ha. Out of this 46.14 Ha. is covered
under old mining pits, 13.76 Ha. is covered under Roads and Buildings and
rest 851.51 Ha. is virgin Government wasteland.

Buffer zone: Land use pattern of the study area has been assessed on the
basis of 2001 Census data. It is found that about 31.27 % of the total area is
occupied by unirrigated agricultural land while irrigated agricultural land is
only 11.75 %. Out of the total area, 12.04 % area is forest. The area not
available for cultivation is 33.26 % and culturable waste land 11.67 %.

3.9 Soil quality

There is very little or no topsoil cover present in the ML area. Soil cover
present in that study area consisting of major Alluvial Soil and Black-brown
soil. Major portion of the study area is covered by a capping of topsoil of
average 0.5 meter thickness. This soil is fertile. Soil pH is observed
between 7 and 8. The soils are rich in nutrients like potash, phosphorous,
nitrogen and organic matter.

3.10 Socio-economic conditions

The entire study area falls within Jamnagar, Porbandar and Rajkot District
of Gujarat. Total population is 70321 with 36260 males & 34061 females.
58.78% of total population is literate. The composition of SC and ST in the
study area is 9.17% and 1.83% respectively. The average family size is

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more than 5 persons/family. 56.83% of the total population are non-workers

while main workers are 37.31% and marginal workers are 5.86%.

3.11 Ecology

The applied lease area is a waste land of Patan village. The applied area is
almost hilly covered with exposed limestone. The area is mostly covered
with bushes, scanty of trees within applied area but where mineralized
found no single tree exist except bushes.

No large sized fauna is found in the applied area. As such, the applied area,
lack of dense vegetation cover, does not support wildlife of any sort. No wild
animals except reptiles, fox, hares & some birds are seen in the area.

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MANAGEMENT

4.1 Topography and Drainage

Impact : The mine elevation varies between 125 to 280 mRL. . At the end
of mine life, with respect to the ground levels, the ultimate working depth
correspondingly will be 23.9 m bgl.

There are number of seasonal nallahs present within the applied lease area.
Therefore, their diversion is not proposed since the water accumulated
during rains due to their absence in the mine pits will recharge the ground
water.

Management : The mining activity will not affect the topology of the study
area, but will affect the core zone by creation of voids. It is suggested that
since no OB is available for backfilling of excavated pits, plantation will be
done along the mine boundary. Also the slope of the pit will be made gentle.
The pits, thus, will be act as water harvesting structure and also do help in
ground water recharge to increase the water level under the ground.
Provision for garland drains has been made. The quantity of wastewater
generated after human use will be treated in soak pit- septic tank systems,
thereby not requiring any drainage or mitigation.

4.2 Climate

Impact : The climatic conditions are governed by regional factors and the
monsoons. As such the mining and other allied activities will not tend to
influence the climate. Further, fossil fuel in the form of diesel will be used to
operate the trucks, which is a necessity and will lead to carbon dioxide
emission.

Management : The operations will be carried out in a limited area, vertically

below the ground surface, as a result no climatological impacts are
anticipated. Implementation of afforestation and rehabilitated plantation
work in ML area will contribute in positive manner. Furthermore, it is being

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ensured that the trucks are having their “Pollution Under Check” (PUC)
certificates.

4.3 Ambient Air Quality

Impact : In this type of mining, the impact on ambient air shall be very
minimal. Mining operations has been proposed by means of manual
opencast mining method. It involves shattering of limestone by blasting and
thereafter breaking of the limestone manually to the required size. Hence,
dust generation is minimum.

For estimating the increase in the air pollutants due to increased

transportation load on the near by roads, Fugitive Dust Model (FDM) was
used to determine the incremental value. The highest observed incremental
value for SPM is 4.59 µg/m3. After addition to the existing background
concentration, pollutant concentrations in the ambient air will remain well
below the National Ambient Air Quality Standard prescribed by Central
Pollution Control Board.

With a production of about 3,60,000 TPA, it is anticipated that the truck

movement shall be to the tune of about 50-60 trucks / day. The incremental
impact of transportation of mineral on CO shall be to the tune of 36.25
µg/m3 at peak hours. NOx, hydrocarbons and particulate matter have been
calculated as 44 µg/m3, 7.337 µg/m3 and 2x10-3 ppm, respectively. The
prediction model used is CALINE 4.

Management : The mining method adopted has inherent effect of

controlling dust generation at sources. The control measures to minimise air
pollution under adoption and to be continued / added are as follows:

1. The emission of dust will be restricted by the use of water.

2. Spraying system at source.
3. Dust suppression system (water sprinkling) shall be adopted on the
roads used for transportation.
4. Transport vehicles will be covered by tarpaulin.
5. Dust extractors will be used at drilling units.
6. Tree plantation will be done and continued around the mine and
along the roads.
7. The air blast during blasting will also be reduced by adopting control
measures detailed in the EIA report.

4.4 Water Resources And Quality

Impact : There is no perennial surface water body within the mine lease
area, and hence there will not be any impact on surface water. The mining
excavation will not touch the ground water table. Hence no question of
ground water pollution arises There is no OB or top soil dumping, hence,
the chances of water contamination, especially during rainfall (by increase
of suspended solids) are low. Mining activities will generally increase the
suspended solids in water. Besides, water from precipitation, while entering
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into the pit area, can also carry suspensions. Minor leakage of oil / grease
from trucks also gets carried along with water.

Management : Direct entry of rainwater can be prevented by provision of

garland drains around the pit area. The water from the garland drains will be
led to a settling tank. The water will be released into the environment after
passing through the settling pond.

4.5 Noise Levels And Ground Vibration

Impact : During the proposed mining the noise pollution can take place due
to external transport machinery as dumper / trucks etc. and by blasting
operation. Noise levels / pollution caused by above source will not be above
the recommended noise standards of Directorate General of Mine Safety.
Noise levels of the area will be within the tolerance limit of 85 dB (A). During
blasting low Velocity of Detonation (VOD) explosive, plain detonators and
safety fuse will be used. Therefore, the intensity of blasting shall not be
much to cause of ground vibration.

Management : With the limited drilling and blasting operations, higher noise
levels are not expected. The following measures will further tend to abate
the noise levels:
i. Tree plantation
ii. Regular preventive maintenance of machinery and the transport
vehicles
iii. Provision of silencers on machinery
iv. Ground vibration / air blast will be controlled / reduced by use of plain
detonators and safety fuse, use of low Velocity of Detonation (VOD)
explosive and burden of the holes shall be most judicious.

4.6 Land Use

Impact: At the end of mine life, damage to the landscape in the form of pit
& road will be degraded. Since, proposed Mining Lease area falls in Govt.
waste land and mining activities will be confined in waste land, so no impact
on land uses such as agriculture or gaucher will take place. There is no O/B
or waste material available in the lease or nearby areas. Hence, backfilling
is not possible. At the end of mine life when pit will reach ultimate depth and
whole usable mineral is taken out, rehabilitation will be done by way of
plantation along lease boundary and mined out area

Management: Mining excavation will remain confined on hilly ground

portion and at the end of mining plan period, about 48.98 Ha. will be
covered under mining. Limestone mineral will continue in applied lease area
for further mining. Therefore, no reclamation of worked out area will be
taken up in first five years. The plantation will be done in low lying area
towards NE side of office in Part-I and NW of proposed working in Part-II
within the applied lease area in subsequent five year near mine boundary.
At the end of mining plan period total 25.00 Ha. area will be covered under

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green belt. At the end of mine life, about 460.28 Ha. (Mined out area) and
75.00 Ha. (Virgin land) will be developed as green belt / afforestation.

4.7 Ecological Factors

Impact : Mining activity will not cause any major impact on the flora and
fauna in this area. The proposed mining area is almost free from any type of
vegetation. Dust produced from mining activities will not be affecting the
agricultural lands or gaucher lands.

Management : The applied lease area is a waste land of Patan village. The
applied area is almost hilly covered with exposed limestone. The area is
mostly covered with bushes. At its level, the mine operators shall ensure a
green belt plantation programme wherein the trees are planted, the losses
replaced and the live trees maintained in a healthy condition. The lessee
proposes a total no. 5000 trees per year to be planted on the non-
mineralized area. The total proposed area for afforestation is 5.00 Ha. and
expected survival rate is 80%, therefore 20% more plant, if required, will be
planted next year. Species suiting to this area of climate conditions like
Neem, Sagwan, Banyan, Babool etc will be planted.

4.8 Socio-Economic Conditions

Impact : The surrounding inhabitants are mainly agricultural oriented. The

proposed mining does not involves evacuation of the habitants in any way.
On the other hand, it envisages employment opportunity to the local people.

Management : There will be overall positive effect on social life of the local
people as they will get job opportunities both direct and indirect.

5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE

Since, mine area is site specific, no alternatives can be chosen. Limestone

is a surface deposit. Of the alternatives between surface miner,
conventional drilling and blasting and manual mining after minor blasting
leading to shattering effect, the third is the most suitable option since the
size of the limestone required is +30-120 mm. Manual sizing is able to give
this size range most efficiently with minimum undersize generation.

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND MONITORING

To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management programme,

regular monitoring of the important environmental parameters will be taken
up. In view of the importance of monitoring results in the implementation
and continual improvement of the environmental management programme,
an organizational chart has been functioning under the Environment
Department Head. It is proposed to continue the periodic air quality
monitoring for SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx. Water quality shall also be tested
once a season and soil quality in planted areas, once in two years. The
laboratory at the Nirma soda ash plant is well equipped for sampling and

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testing of various environmental parameters. The organisation chart is

headed by a General Manager and managed by the Mines Manager and
supported by an Environmental Engineer.

7.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

The surrounding inhabitants are mainly agricultural oriented. Unemployment

and underemployment are the main problems of the inhabitants.
Opportunities for jobs in activities such as mining serve as a source of
permanent livelihood. The mine will create employment to nearby villagers
directly or indirectly.

Company will undertake following social-welfare activities :

• Help in renovation of temple.

• Providing hand pumps.
• Repairing cause way.
• Road repairing work
• Providing Drinking water by tanker during scarcity.

The company will also provide the helping hand in the development of the
nearby villages by following ways:

o There will not be any displacement of people from the proposed site.
o Employment opportunities for local people.
o Development of facilities within the villages like roads etc.
o Arrangement of regular free of cost of medical check up camp for the
employees which will be also extended for the villagers.
o Supply of drinking water in the period of scarcity to the nearby villages.
o Upgradation of primary school in nearby villages.

o The company will also provide some funds for the various development
activities of the neighbouring villages.

Conclusion:

In view of the present status of the environment established through field studies
(primary data) and secondary sources, and the control / mitigation measures
proposed for environmental management during mining operation phases, the
limestone mining activity for proposed production capacity will have lower negative
impact on environment, especially since the manual mining procedure is being
followed. Further, in view of creation of additional job opportunities during mining
activity for proposed production, the project will have positive impact on the economy
of the area, the state, the nation and the company.

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