IB PHYSICS-Physics and Physical measurement

TOPIC: 1 PHYSICS AND PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT

1.1 THE REALM OF PHYSICS

1. PHSICAL QUANTIITES : The quantities which can be measured, analyzed and subjected to mathematical manipulation are called physical quantities.

2. FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL QUANTITIES : The physical quantities which do not depend upon any other quantities for their measurement are called fundamental quantities. There are seven fundamental physical quantities, they are (i) Length (ii) Ma (iii) Ti!e

(i") Te!#e$at%$e (") E&e't$i' '%$$ent ("i) L%!in(% inten it) an* ("ii) A!(%nt (+ %, tan'e. In addition to the fundamental physical quantities there are two quantities called supplementary quantities (i) P&ane ang&e an* (ii) S(&i* ang&e . Unit (+ !ea %$e!ent: The standard used for the measurement of a physical quantity is called the unit of that physical quantity. The requirement of a !ood unit are "i# The unit should be invariable "ii# It should be easily reproducible "iii# The unit should be universally accepted.
1.1 THE REALM OF PHYSICS Page 3

IB PHYSICS-Physics and Physical measurement

The most commonly used system of units are "i# $%& system and "ii# &I " system international# system

'. (undamental quantities and their base units in &I system N( F%n*a!enta& -%antit) 1. )en!th 2. *ass . Time '. Temperature -. .lectric current 0. )uminous intensity 1. /mount of substance SI ,a e %nit metre +ilo!ram second +elvin ampere candela ,ilomole S)!,(& m +! s , / cd +mol

&upplementary quantities and their base units N( 1. 2. %##&e!enta$) -%antit) 2lane an!le &olid an!le SI ,a e %nit radian steradian S)!,(& rad sr

-.

De$i"e* -%antitie : The quantities which depend on two or more fundamental quantities for their measurement are called derived quantities. &ome of the derived quantities and their &I units are

N(. 1. 2. . '.

Ph) i'a& -%antit) (orce 4or+, ener!y 2ower .lectric char!e

SI %nit 3ewton 5oule 4att $oulomb

S)!,(& 3 5 4 $
Page 3

1.1 THE REALM OF PHYSICS

IB PHYSICS-Physics and Physical measurement

-. 0. 1. :. <. 1= .lectric potential .lectric resistance (requency *a!netic flu; *a!netic induction pressure 6olt 7hm 9ertz 4eber Tesla newton per square metre 6 8 9z 4b T 3 m>2

0. O$*e$ (+ !agnit%*e: The order of ma!nitude of a physical quantity is defined as the power of ten nearest to that number.

N%!,e$ . ./ 0 . 1 1/1 .// 0 . 1 1/2 ..3 0 ..3 1 1// 4./ 0 4 1 1// 5 1 1/2. 3 1 1/671

O$*e$ (+ !agnit%*e 1== 1=1 1=2 1== 1=1 1=21=> =

8. P(9e$: #$e+i1 an* )!,(&

PO;ER 1/61> 1/614 1/612 1/63 1/65 1/67 1/62 1/61

PREFI< att(6 +e!t(6 #i'(6 nan(6 !i'$(6 !i&&i6 'enti6 *e'i6

SYM=OL a + # n @ ! ' *

PO;ER 1/1 1/2 1/7 1/5 1/3 1/12 1/14 1/1>

PREFI< *e?a6 he't(6 ?i&(6 !ega6 giga6 tet$a6 #eta6 e1a6

SYM=OL *a h ? M A T P E

1.1 THE REALM OF PHYSICS

Page 3

IB PHYSICS-Physics and Physical measurement

1.1 THE REALM OF PHYSICS

Page 3