TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA

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Trade Union Movement in India

INDEX
Introduction Functions of Trade Unions Trade Union Movement Phases of the Movement Formation/split of AITUC
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India

Federation of Trade Unions Cental Trade Unions Progress of Trade Unions Future of trade Unions Query Session
2

W at i! a Trade Union"
VV #iri de$ined Trade Union! a!% & Vo'(ntar) Or*ani+ation! o$ ,or-er! $ormed to .romote and .rote/t t eir intere!t 0) /o''e/tive a/tion 1idne) 2 3eatri/e We00 4A *'o0a'') a//e.ted !tandard de$inition% & Trade Union i! t e a!!o/iation o$ t e ,or-er! 5,a*e4 earner!6 $ormed .rimari') $or t e .(r.o!e o$ .rote/tin* and im.rovin* t eir !o/ia' and e/onomi/ /ondition!

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Trade Union Movement in India

W at i! a Trade Union"
It is an organization of employees / workers It is a permanent body, not temporary or casual It protects the interests (eco/soc/political)of its members primarily economic interests It includes federation of unions also It achie es its ob!ecti es through collecti e action
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9 i'o!o. ) 3e ind Trade Unioni!m

" single worker, in a situation of e#cess supply of workforce, finds himself in a disad antageous position in dealing with his employer$ %he &nions gi e workers a chance to take part in the creation and shaping of their working and li ing standards$ 'y creating &nions and pursuing collecti e actions to secure his interest, the worker e#periences solidarity and also a feeling of an 12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India important member of society$

WHY DO WORKERS JOIN TRADE UNIONS?

Econo"ic bene#it
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Security job and ocia!

Se!# e$%re ion %artici%ation

&rotection a'ain t inju tice

6

Trade Union Movement in India

Ho( t)e Indi*idua! re!ate to t)e Union?

Trade Union Indi*idua!

&o(er

Se!# #u!#i!!"ent +e"ber er*ice

Econo"ic re'u!ation
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Job re'u!ation

Socia! c)an'e
:

Trade Union Movement in India

19E<I=I< =UN<TION1 O= UNION1

& & & & & & & & Wa*e 2 !a'ar) 0ar*ainin* =i* t $or /ontin(o(! im.rovement in em.'o)ee 0ene$it! Im.rovin* ,or-in* /ondition! at ,or- .'a/e Im.rovin* ,e'$are> ea't /are 2 re/reation $a/i'itie!> and 'ei!(re at ,or-.'a/e In/rea!in* re!t .eriod!> o'ida)!> .aid 'eave and time4o$$! De/rea!in* ,or-in* o(r!> ,or- 'oad e!.? man(a'> and a+ardo(! ,or-in* /ondition! Im.rovin* /areer and !a'ar) ri!e .ro!.e/t! 2 @o0 !e/(rit) 9rote/tin* em.'o)ee! a*ain!t ar0itrar) / (n@(!t a/tion! o$ Mana*ement
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THE TRADE UNION +O,E+ENT IN INDIA & T e trade (nion movement in India a! a i!tor) o$ over 128 )ear!? & T e !eed! o$ (nioni!m ,ere !o,n a'on* ,it $reedom !tr(**'e? & T e 3riti! , o 0ro(* t t e Ind(!tria' Revo'(tion ,it t em a'!o 0ro(* t it! i''4e$$e/t! !(/ a! eA.'oitation o$ t e 'a0o(r /'a!!> di!/rimination 0et,een men and ,omen> o!ti'e ,or-in* /ondition!> .er.et(ation o$ / i'd 'a0o(r et/?> , i/ *ave ri!e to emer*en/e o$ (nion!?

& T e ,or-$or/e em.'o)ed in 9o!ta' and Rai',a) De.artment! a! a'!o in TeAti'e!> B(te and ot er ind(!trie! or*ani+ed trade (nion! and /ontri0(ted to t e $reedom !tr(**'e?
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Trade Union Movement in t e ear') )ear!

& T e trade Union movement in India !tarted 'ate i?e? a$ter 191;> t o(* t e ind(!tria'i+ation o$ t e /o(ntr) 0e*an in a0o(t 1;80? & T e $ir!t trade (nion ,a! $o(nded 0) Mr? N?C?Do- ande in 1;90> and ,a! -no,n a! t e 3om0a) Mi'' Eand! A!!o/iation?
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Trade Union Movement in t e ear') )ear! /ontF??

& 3om0a) Mi'' Eand! A!!o/iation ,a! $o''o,ed 0)%

A"a!'a"ated ociety o# rai!(ay Ser*ant in India3 .6/4

T)e &rinter Union o# 2a!cutta3 ./05

T)e +adra and 2a!cutta &o ta! Union3 ./04

T)e Ka"'ar Hit(ard)aSab)a ./.01

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Trade Union Movement in India

11

1o/ia' ,e'$are .eriod

& T e 1o/ia' ,e'$are .eriod ,a! $rom 1;:64191;? & T e deve'o.ment o$ Ind(!trie! 'ed to 'ar*e !/a'e .rod(/tion on one and and !o/ia' evi'! 'i-e
G em.'o)ment and eA.'oitation o$ ,omen and / i'd 'a0o(r? G De.'ora0'e ,or-in* <ondition! G #overnment! attit(de o$ indi$$eren/e in re!.e/t o$ .rote/tion o$ 'a0o(r $rom !(/ evi'!?

& T e!e ,or!t $eat(re! o$ ind(!tria'i!m mar-ed t e i!tor) o$ t e ear') $a/tor) !)!tem in India?
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 T e $a/tor) <ommi!!ion 51;:86> T e $a/torie! A/t51;;16>T e Inve!ti*ation o$ Meade Moor51;:76> t e 1e/ond 3om0a) $a/tor) /ommi!!ion51;;76> 1(0mi!!ion o$ memoria' 0) t e ,or-er! ,ere t e im.ortant event! t at n(r!ed t e in$ant 'a0o(r movement? T e memoria' demanded% G G G G G <om.'ete da) re!t on ever) 1at(rda)? Ea'$4 o(r! re!t at noon? Wor-in* Eo(r! no 'on*er t an 6%30 .?m? 9a)ment not 'ater t an 18t o$ ever) mont ? 9a)ment to in@(red ,or-er! $rom /om.en!ation?
Trade Union Movement in India 13

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& T e $ir!t trade (nion ,a! $o(nded 0) Mr? N?C?Do- ande in 1;90> and ,a! -no,n a! t e 3om0a) Mi'' Eand! A!!o/iation? T & & & e nota0'e $eat(re! o$ t e 1o/ia' ,e'$are .eriod ,ere% <om.'ete a0!en/e o$ radi/a'i!m? T e movement de.ended entire') on eAterna' . i'ant ro.)? T ere ,a! 'itt'e /on/e.tion o$ .ermanent trade (nion mem0er! i.? & T e movement deve'o.ed mo!t') amon* t e ed(/ated /'a!! o$ ,or-er! !(/ a! .o!ta' /'er-! and rai',a) em.'o)ee!?

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Trade Union Movement in India

17

TRADE UNION 9ERIOD 5TEE =IR1T WORDD WAR 9ERIOD6

& T e Trade Union .eriod ,a! $rom 191;41927? & T e )ear 191; ,a! an im.ortant one $or t e Indian Trade (nion movement? & It mar-ed t e !tart o$ a ne, era> an era o$ *ro,t and one in , i/ 'eader! i. o$ trade (nion! ,a! to .a!! $rom !o/ia' ,or-er! to .o'iti/ian!? & T e movement too- .ermanent root! in t e Indian !oi' a$ter t e /'o!e o$ Wor'd ,ar I?
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 18

& T e Ind(!tria' (nre!t *re, (. a! a re!('t o$ t e e/onomi/ di$$i/('tie! /a(!ed 0) t e =ir!t Wor'd War? & T e Martia' Da,> t e Ro,'ett A/t> Ba''ian,a'a 3a* in/ident 0ro(* t a !en!e o$ .o'iti/a' mat(rit) amon* .eo.'e? & E/onomi/a'') in!e/(re and .o'iti/a'') mat(re >,it t e !(..ort o$ .o'iti/a' ,or-er!> . i'ant ro.i!t!> t e Indian ,or-er! 'a(n/ ed a !erie! o$ !tri-e! 0et,een 191;41920? & E/onomi/ !tr(**'e a*ain!t ri!in* /o!t o$ 'ivin*> r(t 'e!! eA.'oitation and !(..re!!ion> 'ed to t e 0irt o$ Indian Trade Union Movement?
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 16

& Trade (nion! , i/ ,ere .rimari') !tri-e /ommittee! too- a $orma' ! a.e and t e Madra! Da0o(r Union $ormed in 191; (nder t e 'eader! i. o$ 3?9?Wa'ia? & =(rt er> IDO ,a! e!ta0'i! ed in 1919? & On O/to0er 30> 1920>re.re!entative! o$ 67 trade (nion! ,it a mem0er! i. o$ 170>;87 met in 3om0a) and e!ta0'i! ed t e A'' India Trade (nion <on*re!! (nder t e / airman! i. o$ Da'a Da@.at Rai? & T e ,or-er! or*ani+ation! !.ran* (. a'' over India / ie$') in @(te and /otton teAti'e!> in t e rai',a)! and amon* t e tran!.ort ,or-er! in *enera'? & T e A meda0ad Da0o(r A!!o/iation ,a! a'!o e!ta0'i! ed in 1920? & It i! e!timated t at 0et,een 2?8 to 8 'a- ,or-er! ,ere or*ani+ed into (nion! at t at time?
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=ORMATION O= TEE AITU<

& T e A'' India Trade Union <on*re!! ,a! e!ta0'i! ed in 1920? & It ,a! a dire/t re!('t o$ t e $ormation o$ t e IDO in 1919? & T e .(r.o!e 0e ind it! $ormation ,a! to ave a nominatin* 0od) re.re!entin* Indian Da0o(r at t e Internationa' Da0o(r <on$eren/e? & T i! 0od) ,o('d 0e nominated 0) a <entra' Da0o(r $ederation a! .er t e reH(irement! o$ t e /on!tit(tion o$ t e IDO?

& T e $ir!t .re!ident o$ t e AITU< ,a! Da'a Da@.at Rai?

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Trade Unioni!m 5De$t Win*6

& T e Trade Unioni!m .eriod ,a! $rom 192741937? T e $o''o,in* are t e main $eat(re! o$ t e movement in t i! .eriod% & EA.an!ion in t e no? o$ trade (nion! and Mem0er! i.? & Ena/tment o$ t e Indian Trade Union! A/t> 1926? & In/rea!e in t e $reH(en/) o$ Ind(!tria' di!.(te! /a(!in* ,or- !to..a*e!? & #ro,t o$ t e 'e$ti!t in$'(en/e? & 1.'it o$ t e AITU<?

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Trade Union Movement in India

19

EX9AN1ION IN TEE NUM3ER O= TRADE UNION1 AND MEM3ER1EI9

The ro!th of the Indian "a#our movement can #e seen from the progress of the AITUC and the num#er of trade unions registered under the Indian Trade Unions Act$%&'()*

Iear 1928 192: 1929

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No o$ Trade Union! A$$i'iated to t e AITU< 31 89 81

Mem0er! i. o$ A$$i'iated Union 90>000 1>;9>736

20

1o(r/e%Trade Union Trade Union Movement in India

Iear 192:4192; 193341937

No o$ re*i!tered Trade Union! 29 191

& T e ta0'e! ! o, t at t e Indian trade (nion movement *reat') eA.anded d(rin* 192041929? & M(/ o$ t e eA.an!ion ,a! /on/entrated in t e .rovin/e! o$ 3om0a)> Madra! and 3en*a'? & <on!idera0'e Trade Union a/tivitie! ,ere eA.erien/ed 0) t e Rai',a)!> ! i..in*> B(te> en*ineerin* and .rintin* and .a.er ind(!trie!? 12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 21

Ena/tment o$ t e Indian Trade Union! A/t> 1926?

& <o(rt In@(n/tion! a*ain!t !tri-e! and .ro!e/(tion o$ Trade Unioni!t! (nder t e do/trine! o$ /rimina' /on!.ira/) 'ed to t e $ir!t 'e*a' .rote/tion $or t e Indian Trade Union! t ro(* t e Indian Trade union Act1 & T e A/t .rovided .rote/tion a*ain!t /rimina' 'ia0i'it) (nder !e/tion 120536 o$ t e Indian 9ena' <ode to t e o$$i/er! and mem0er! o$ Indian Trade Union! re*i!tered (nder t e a/t? & T i! ena/tment *ave ma@or .rote/tion to t e Indian Trade Union! and t (! 'ed to *ro,t o$ t e movement in t e /o(ntr)?
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In/rea!e in t e $reH(en/) o$ Ind(!tria' Di!.(te! /a(!in* ,or- !to..a*e!?

Iear 1921 1923 1928 192; 1929
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No? o$ 1tri-e! 396 213 137 203 171

No? o$ ,or-er! Man da)! 'o!t invo'ved 6>00>381 3>01>077 2>:0>723 8>06>;81 8>31>089 69>;7>726 80>81>:07 1>28>:;>129 3>16>7:>707 1>21>68>791
23

Source: Govt. of India, Ministry of Labour, Various issues ofinIndian Labour Year Trade Union Movement India Book

#ROWTE O= TEE DE=TI1T IN=DUEN<E?

& Una,arene!! o$ /'a!! !tr(**'e and t e need o$ e!ta0'i! in* e/onomi/ order 0a!ed on !o/ia'i!t .rin/i.'e!? & Deader! ,ere intere!ted in 'e*a' and /on!tit(tiona' .rote/tion $or ,or-er! and trade (nion! and im.rovin* /ondition! ,it in t e eAi!tin* $rame,or-? & T e <omm(ni!t movement !tarted in India? & T e /omm(ni!t or*ani+ed a no? o$ ne, (nion! and revived o'd (nion! 'eadin* to an in/rea!e in no? o$ (nion!?

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Trade Union Movement in India

27

& In 192642: t e) or*ani+ed a no? o$ !tri-e!> !ome o$ , i/ ,ere !(//e!!$('? & T e <omm(ni!t 'eader! or*ani+ed teAti'e ,or-er! o$ 3om0a) and e!ta0'i! ed t e $amo(! #irni Cam*ar Union? & In 192; t e) or*ani+ed a 0i* !tri-e o$ teAti'e ,or-er! o$ 3om0a)?5A.ri'4 O/to0er6? & T e) a'!o !ta*ed a !(//e!!$(' !tri-e at t e Di''(a Wor-! o. o$ ea!tern India Rai',a)? & T e Trade (nion t (! !tarted ,or-in* in /'o!e /oo.eration ,it t e nationa'i!t $or/e! in t e /o(ntr)? & Da0o(r Da) ,a! /e'e0rated $or t e $ir!t time in 192: on I!t Ma)? & T i! 'ed to more (nion! /omin* (nder t e in$'(en/e o$ t e /omm(ni!t 'eader! i.?

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Trade Union Movement in India

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19DIT O= TEE AITU<

& T e tent !e!!ion o$ AITU< ,a! e'd in Na*.(r in De/em0er 1929 a! a re!('t o$ t e /'a! o$ ideo'o*ie! and .o'i/ie! o$ t e Re$ormi!t and <omm(ni!t ,in*? & De/i!ion! t at ,ere ta-en ere 'i-e 0o)/ott o$ Ro)a' <ommi!!ion> a$$i'iation to t e Dea*(e o$ im.eria'i!m ,ere a*ain!t t e .o'i/ie! .(r!(ed 0) t e 'eader! o$ t e AITU<? & =ai'in* to ave it! ,a) t e moderate *ro(. ,a'-ed o(t o$ t e /on*re!! ,it 30 (nion! avin* a mem0er! i. o$ 98>639 and $ormed a ne, $ederation /a''ed t e Indian Trade Union 7ederation1 & T e) e'e/ted Sub)a ) 2)andra 8o e a! t eir 9re!ident and S1,1 De )%ande a! t eir #en? 1e/retar)?
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 26

& A $(rt er !.'it too- .'a/e in 1931 in t e AITU< d(e to t e JInde%endent %o!itica! ro!e o# t)e (or-in' c!a 9 and t e /omm(ni!t !e/tion !e.arated it!e'$ $rom t e main 0od) to $orm t e Red Trade Union 2on're 1 & T e di!(nited Indian Trade Union movement !tarted $(n/tionin* (nder t ree /entra' $ederation!% AITU23 ITU7> t e Red Trade Union 2on're and a *ro(. o$ inde.endent trade (nion! (natta/ ed to an) /entra' or*ani+ation? & T i! 'ed to ,ea-enin* o$ t e Trade Union movement in India?

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Trade Union Movement in India

2:

UNITI 9ERIOD
& T e Unit) .eriod ,a! $rom 19384193;? & A !tate o$ divided movement ,a! (nde!ira0'e and !oon a$ter t e $ir!t !.'it attem.t! at trade (nion (nit) 0e*an to 0e made t ro(* t e e$$ort! o$ A!! India Rai!(ay #ederation on t e 0a!i! o$ JA %!at#or" o# UnityK? & T)e Nationa! 7ederation o# :abour ,a! e!ta0'i! ed , i/ mer*ed ,it t e Indian Trade Union $ederation and ,ad /a''ed Nationa! Trade union 7ederation1 & T)e Red trade union ,a! di!0anded and t e (nion! (nder it @oined t e AITU<?
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 2;

& In 193; at Na*.(r> t e NTU= ,a! a$$i'iated a! a !e.arate (nit to t e AITU<? & Dater in 1970 t e NTU= ,a! di!!o'ved and mer*ed ,it t e AITU<? & T e (nit) e$$ort! ,ere !)n/ roni+ed 0) e 193: *enera' e'e/tion!? & T e Indian Nationa' <on*re!! a..roa/ ed t e ,or-in* /'a!!? A! a re!('t t e <on*re!! #ovt? a!!(med / ar*e and 0i* / an*e! o//(rred? & T en t ere ,a! a ne, (.!(r*e o$ ind(!tria' (nre!t /('minatin* in 0i* !tri-e!? & In 193:> t ere ,ere 3:9 !tri-e! , i/ invo'ved 6?7: 'a- ,or-er! and re!('ted in a 'o!! o$ ;9?92 'a- man4da)!?
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 29

& 9rote/tive 'e*i!'ation! 'i-e t e 3om0a) 1 o.! and E!ta0'i! ment! A/t>1939 and t e U?9? Maternit) We'$are A/t> 1939 ,ere initiated 0) <on*re!! mini!trie!? & Da0o(r EnH(ir) <ommittee! ,ere !et (. in 3om0a)> U?9? and 3i ar? & T e <on*re!! mini!tr) re!i*ned in 1929 a$ter t e o(t0rea- o$ t e 1e/ond Wor'd War?

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Trade Union Movement in India

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1E<OND WORDD WAR 9ERIOD

& T e 1e/ond Wor'd War .eriod ,a! $rom 193941978 & Te 1e/ond Wor'd War 0ro-e o(t in 1e.tem0er 1939 & T e AITU< 0e/ame a divided o(!e , ere nationa'i!t in/'(din* t e /omm(ni!t ,ere ne(tra' to,ard! ,ar and radia' demo/rat! ,ere in !(..ort o$ ,ar & T (! t ere ,a! a !.'it in t e AITU< and t e Indian =ederation o$ Da0o(r ,a! $or/ed 0) t e radi/a'! in Novem0er 1971 & T e arre!t o$ t e /on*re!! ,or-er! en*a*ed in trade (nion! 'ed to t e /omm(ni!t dominatin* t e AITU< & T (! at t e end o$ t e ,ar t ere ,ere t,o /entra' $ederation!% AITU< (nder t e Indian <omm(ni!t .art) and t e Indian =ederation o$ Da0o(r (nder t e radi/a' demo/rati/ .art)
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 31

=a/tor! t at e'.ed to en an/e t e !tat(! o$ Trade Union Movement d(rin* ,ar time
& #overnment and Em.'o)er! 'a(n/ ed a no? o$ ,e'$are mea!(re! $or in/rea!in* .rod(/tion o$ ,ar materia'? & Man) em.'o)er! *ranted re/o*nition to trade (nion! !tri-e! and 'o/-4o(t!? & 1tri-e and 'o/-4o(t! ,ere 0anned (nder de$en/e r('e!> d(rin* ,ar .eriod and di!.(te! re$erred to ad@(di/ation? & Tri.artite 'a0o(r /on$eren/e /onvened in 1972> $or t e $ir!t time> $or /ommon .'at$orm $or 'a0o(r and em.'o)er! !o a! to maintain ind(!tria' .ea/e?
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 32

9O1T INDE9ENDEN<E 9ERIOD

& W en attem.t! to re!tr(/t(re t e AITU< $ai'ed> t o!e , o did not 0e'ieve in aim! and idea'! o$ AITU< !e.arated $rom t e or*ani+ation and e!ta0'i! ed t e Indian Nationa! Trade Union 2on're in +ay ./;41 & T e Eind(!tan Ma+door 1eva- 1an* /onvened a /on$eren/e in Ne, De' i on Ma) 3 and 7> 197: , ere a re!o'(tion to !et (. anot er /entra' or*ani+ation ,a! ado.ted? & T e INTU< ,a! $ormed 0) Hindu tan +a<door Se*aSan')> a /reation o$ 9ro4#and i ,in* in t e /on*re!! , o. ,ere a!!o/iated ,it t e TeAti'e Da0o(r A!!o/iation o$ A meda0ad?
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33

& 1in/e t e 0e*innin* t e INTU< ! ared and !(..orted t e .o'iti/a' o(t'oo- o$ t e IN<? & 3) 1979> t e trade (nion movement ,a! !.'it a*ain ,it t e INTU<> t e AITU<> t e EM1 and t e UTU< re.re!entin* t e $o(r riva' *ro(.! and a $e, nationa' $ederation! and (nion! remainin* (na$$i'iated ,it an) o$ t em? & D(rin* t i! .eriod t ere ,a! no trade (nion (nit)? T e EM1> t e AITU< and t e UTU< ,or-ed to*et er in !ome .'a/e! 0(t t e INTU< ,a! /om.'ete') a'oo$? & A$ter t e de/'aration o$ emer*en/) a*ain t e INTU<> t e AITU< and EM1 @oined ,it t e em.'o)ed re.re!entative! on t e Nationa! A%e$ 8ody 0(t ,it t e 'i$tin* o$ t e emer*en/) and t e in!ta''ation o$ t e Banata 9art) #ovt? at t e /entre> t i! 0od) /ea!ed to eAi!t?
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 37

TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN INDIA 41980 ONWARD1

E=TENT O7 UNIONI>ATION IN DI77ERENT INDUSTRIES? & T e trade (nion mem0er! i. ,a! i* in man($a/t(rin* and tran!.ort>!tora*e and /omm(ni/ation!>e'e/tri/it) >*a! and ,ater and , o'e!a'e and retai' trade? STATEWISE &I2TURE O7 TRADE UNION? & T e ei* t !tate! o$ We!t 3en*a'> Cera'a> Ma ara! tra> Tami' Nad(> Carnata-a> And ra 9rade! > Uttar 9rade! and 3i ar a//o(nted $or more t an :8L o$ t e tota' n(m0er o$ re*i!tered trade (nion! in t e /o(ntr)? & Cere'a 0ein* no?1 $o''o,ed 0) We!t 3en*a'> Ma ara! tra> Tami' Nad( > And ra 9rade! > Carnata-a> Ra@a!t an and M?9?

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Trade Union Movement in India

38

TRADE UNION ORBANISATIONS

.1 8a ic :e*e! G Re*i!tered Union at (nit o$ o.eration @1 Nationa! !e*e! G A? Nationa' =ederation! vi+? AITU<> INTU<> 3M1 3? Doo!e $ederation! o$ Inde.endent Union! vi+? /oordinatin* /ommittee o$ $ree Trade Union! vi+> A'' India 3an- Em.'o)ee! =ederation A'' India In!(ran/e Em.'o)ee! A!!o/iation? A1 Internationa! :e*e! G & Wor'd =ederation o$ Trade Union! 5W=TU6 & Internationa' <on$ederation o$ =ree Trade Union! 5I<=TU6 128 mi''ion mem0er! in 171 /o(ntrie!6 & Internationa' Trade 1e/retariat! 5ITS 6 511 !e/tora' =ederation!6
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 36

#ROWTE O= TRADE UNION =EDERATION1

& T i! ,a! a nota0'e deve'o.ment in t e Trade Union movement in 1981? & 1(/ $ederation! /ame to 0e !et (. $or a no? o$ ind(!trie!/em.'o)ment! !ome ,ere !et (. at /entra' 'eve' and !ome at !tate 'eve'? =or e*? A'' India 3an- Em.'o)eeM! A!!o/iatiom Nationa' =ederation o$ Indian Rai',a) Men A'' India mine ,or-erN! =ederation
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 3:

<ENTRAD =EDERATION1 O= TRADE UNION1

& 3) t e end o$ 1979 t ere ,ere $o(r /entra' $ederation! o$ Trade (nion! t e AITU< >INTU<>EM1 and UTU<? & T e AITU< (nder t e /ontro' o$ t e <omm(ni!t!> & T e INTU< (nder t e in$'(en/e o$ IN<> & EM1 (nder t e !o/ia'i!t and & T e UTU< (nder t e Radi/a'!? & In 1988 3 arti)a Ma+door 1an* ,a! e!ta0'i! ed 0) t e 3 arti)a Ban 1an* (nder t e domination o$ t e 3 arti)a Banta 9art)? & A !.'it in t e AITU< $ormed t e <entre o$ Indian Trade Union! (nder t e in$'(en/e o$ t e <omm(ni!t 9art) MarAi!t! and t e AITU< (nder t e <omm(ni!t .art) o$ India?

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Trade Union Movement in India

3;

& T e INTU< a'!o !.'it $ormin* t e INTU< and t e Nationa' Or*ani+ation o$ Da0o(r? & Dater United Trade Union <on*re!! a'!o !.'it $ormin* t e UTU<4Denin 1arani? & T e t,o ot er! name') Nationa' =ront o$ Indian Trade Union! N=ITU and Trade Union <oordination <entre TU<< ,ere a'!o !et (.? & T (! .re!ent') t ere are 10 /entra' $ederation o$ Trade (nion!?
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 39

<ENTRAD TRADE UNION1

INDIAN NATIONAD TRADE UNION <ON#RE11 ORUDIN# <ON#RE116 NATIONAD DA3OUR OR#ANIPATION 5ODD <ON#RE116 ADD INDIA TRADE UNION <ON#RE11 5INDIAN <OMMUNI1T 9ARTI6 <ENTRE O= INDIAN TRADE UNION1 5<OMMUNI1T 9ARTI MARXI1T16 UNITED TRADE UNION <ON#RE11 UNITED TRADE UNION <ON#RE114DENIN 1ARANI EIND MAPDOOR 1A3EA 59RABA 1O<IADI1T6 EIND MAPDOOR 9AN<EAIAT 51AMIUCTA 1O<IADI1T 9ARTI6 3EARTIIA MAPDOOR 1AN#E 5BAN 1AN#E6 NATIONAD =RONT O= INDIAN TRDAE UNION1
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 70

RE:ATI,E STRENBTH O7 2ENTRA: TRADE UNIONS IN INDIA

TRADE UNIONS +e"ber )i% C in D000 E As on January 1, 1990 on December 31, 1980 Tota' L 311: 26?2 2:06 22?:8 1:9; 18?12 17:: 12?72 927 :?:: ;03 6?:8 870 7?87 830 Trade Union Movement 7?78 in India Tota' 1211 2236 331 :63 378 621 168 ;7 L 21?07 3;?;8 8?:8 13?26 8?99 10?:9 2?;: 1?76 71

3M1 INTU< <ITU EM1 AITU< UTU<5D16 UTU< N=ITU 12/16/09

9ro*re!! o$ Trade Union! 0e$ore Inde.enden/e

Iear 192:4192; 193341937 No o$ re*i!tered Trade Union! 29 191

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Trade Union Movement in India

72

9ro*re!! a$ter Inde.enden/e

Iear 197741978 197:4197; 196141962 19:0 19:: 19;7 19;;
1o(ir/e% Eand0oo- o$ 12/16/09 1tati!ti/!%1992 Trade Union Movement in India Da0o(r

No o$ re*i!tered Trade Union! ;68 2>:66 11>716 20>2;2 30>;10 72>609 7:>67;
73

Rea!on! $or #ro,t In 9o!t4 Inde.enden/e Trade Union Movement

& E!ta0'i! ment o$ .o'iti/a' demo/ra/)> 'eadin* to ind(!tria' demo/ra/)? & Wor-er! a!.iration! and eA.e/tation!? & #overnment! Da0o(r 9o'i/)? & In/rea!e in t e n(m0er o$ <entra' Or*ani!ation o$ ,or-er! 'eadin* to m('ti4(nioni!m at t e nationa' 'eve'?
12/16/09 Trade Union Movement in India 77

7uture ro!e o# trade union in India? Or'ani<in' t)e unor'ani<ed

& T e $(t(re ro'e o$ t e trade (nion movement i! 'in-ed ,it a 0roader /on/ern $or en!(rin* t e !o/ia' /o e!ion o$ ,or-in* .eo.'e in a 'ar*e and diver!e /o(ntr)? & It i! im.erative $or t e trade (nion movement to /on/entrate on or*ani+in* t e (nor*ani+ed> !o a! to /reate !e/(re in/ome! and !a$e ,or-in* /ondition! $or t o!e ,it irre*('ar @o0!?

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Trade Union Movement in India

78

12/16/09

Trade Union Movement in India

76