DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP

BY

MUHAMMAD TANIMU DAUDA

2004118938EM

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECIlNOLOGY
MINNA

. JANUARY, 2010

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP

BY

MUHAMMAD TANIMU DAUDA

2004/18938EM

A Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of The Requirement For The Award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng) Degree in Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

JANUARY, 2010

ii

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this project has been conducted by me, under lhe supervision of Mallam S.N. Mohammed and submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, school of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

MUHAMMED TANIMU DAUDA (2004/18938EM) Signature & Date

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CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this project titled design and construction of hydraulic Ram Pump" was carried out by Muhammad Tanimu Dauda under the superv ision of Mallam S.N Mohammed and submitted to the mechanical engi neering department , federal university of Technology, Minna in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of a bachelor of engineering (B.eng) degree in mechanical engineering.

Mallam S. N. Mohammed

Signature & Date

(Project Supervisor)

Prof .R.H.Khan

Signature & Date

(Head of Departmeut)

Name: ---------------------------------

Signature & Date

(External Supervisor)

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DEDICATION
This Project is dedicated to almighty ALLAH (SWT) for the gift of life throughout my academic years. To my parents; Alhaji Dauda Ibrahim, Hajiya Hauwa and Hajiya Umma Katume Dauda for their financial and moral support during these periods.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise be to ALLAH the lord of mercy and forgiveness who has spared my li fe up to this moment. lowe a great debt of gratitude to all those that offered assistance and encouragement at the various stages of compiling this work. First and foremost i want to start by expressing my sincere appreciation to Ill y supervisor Mallam S.N Mohammed for taking his valuable time to read the manuscript and make all the necessary corrections. I am also highly indebted to my lovely brothers Yahya and Mohammed Sani Dauda for their care and consideration they offer me within the period of this study. Also a special thanks to muhammed mahadi of maintenance department PPMC Kaduna. Finally my sincere thanks to my neighbours, friends, brothers and sisters for their support in all my days.

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ABSTRACT
Pump is a device that raises, transfers, or compresses fluid or that attenuates gas especially by suction or pressures or both. The hydraulic ram pump is a simple durable pump that can be used to deliver water from one source to another. The pump has the following characteristics flow, drive that is how much water is available to run the pump; drive head is the drop from the water level in the drive tank to the pump; delivery flow is the amount of water flowing into the delivery tank while the delivery head is the height from the pump up to the delivery tank. The normal operati on ran ge of this pump is 0.5 to 10 litres Iminute. The ram pumps are durable and either made from iron casting or welded steel pipe. The readily available local materials have been used to build the pump. No electricity or any power Ifuel is required to run the pump, therefore, it is less expensive to own and operate.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Cover page Title page Declaration Certificate / Approval Page Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Content NotationlNomenclature List of Figures List of Tables CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
II III

IV

vi vii
VIII

xi
X II

xiii

1.0 1.1 1.2

1.3

Introduction Uses of Hydram Aims and Objectives Limitation Scope of Project Justification
2

1.4
1.5

2 3

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2.1

Literature Review Origin of Pumps What Are Pumps Types of Pump

4
4

7 7
8

2.2.2 Piston Pumps 2.2.3 Centrifugal Pumps 2.2.4 Semi-Rotary Pumps

viii

9
II

2.2.5

Diaphragm Pumps

13 13
14

2.2.6 Niger Pump 2.2.7 The Power Pump 2.2.8 2.2.9 2.3.0 Submersible Pumps Unicef No.6 Hand Pump Windmill Water Pump

15 15
17

CHAPTER THREE: DESIGN CONSIDERATION 3.0 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.2 3.2.1 3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 Design Consideration And Calculation Design Analysis Design Factors Working Principle Of a Hydram Theoretical Pressure Rise in a Hydram Design Calculation Design Specification Determination Of Flow In The Drive Pipe Evaluation Of Losses Due To Head And Pipe Fittings Determination Of The Acceleration OF Flow In Drive Pipe Determination Of Drag Force Determination Of Pressure At Point 3 Evaluation Of Pump Efficiency
18

18
18 18
23

26 26
2()

27

29
30

31
32

CHAPTER FOUR:DESIGN CONSTRUCTION AND COST ANALYSIS 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Material Selection, Construction Procedure and Cost analysis Material Selection Construction Procedure Making Of Air Chamber
33 33

34 34

ix

4.4 4.5

Making The Mounting Legs Cost Analysis

34 34 34 35 36

4.5.1 Cost of Material 4.5.2 Cost of Labour 4.5.3 Over Head

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 5.1 5.2

Conclusion and Recommendation Conclusion Recommendation Reference

37 37 37 38

NOMENCLATURE SYMBOLS DESCRIPTION

Frictional factors Acceleration due gravity Density of the fluid Kinematic viscosity Area of drive pipe Area ofT junction Area of value plate Acceleration of the flow in the pipe Co-efficient of drag Diameter of pipe Efficiency of pump Force that accelerator the flow Drag force Supply head Delivery head Head loss due to sudden enlargement Head above the source Co-efficient of enlargement at t. junction Length ofthe pipe No of beat circle Pressure Flow rate in the pipe Flow rate delivery Flow rate waste Reynolds Number Radius Velocity of flow in T-junction m c/mm m 3/s m3/s m3/s m 3/s m m/s VT m/s
11 11
m

UNITS

f
a
p

m/s 2 Kg/m3 m 2/s m2 m2 m3 m/s2 m

m

v
A AT Av a Cd D E F Fd H Hd HL HLT KT L n P Q Qd Qw

11

m m

Re R

xi

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

Description Double acting piston pump Centrifugal Pump Semi-rotary Pump Diaphragm Pump Hydraulic Ram Pump Sequence I Hydraulic Ram Pump Sequence 2 Hydraulic Ram Pump Sequence 3 Hydraulic Ram Pump Sequence 4 Typical Hydraulic Installation Hydraulic Ram Pump Installation AutcCAD Drawings Of Hydraulic Ram Pump

Page
9

2.1 2.2
2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.1 5.1

11
12
13 19

20 21 22 23
31

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