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In some ways, the content of this section is more than you need to know in order to make web content accessible to people who are deaf or hard of hearing, but it is included here in the hope that with increased understanding comes increased appreciation to such individuals, and an increased commitment to providing content that is accessible to them.
Important
The key principle of web accessibility for users with auditory disabilities is: 1. Perceivable: because they cannot perceive (hear) auditory content I should also note that the use of the word "disabilities" in the title of this section is a controversial choice, considering the attitude of many people in the deaf community. More than any of the other groups of individuals commonly labeled as "disabled," those who are deaf are much less inclined to think of their condition as a disability. We'll read more about this in the last section of this article - Deaf Culture. Still, I have purposely retained the word "disability" in this section, not to provoke controversy, but to underscore the fact that those who are deaf cannot hear audio content, and this is the critical point for web developers to remember. Deafness is not an all-or-nothing condition. Although there are individuals who are completely deaf, there are also individuals with varying degrees of functional hearing loss. Degrees of hearing loss are often categorized as mild, moderate, severe, profound. Those who refer to themselves as deaf usually have either severe or profound hearing loss. Those with lesser degrees of hearing loss are commonly referred to as hard-of-hearing.
Severe hearing loss: The inability to hear sounds below about 80 decibels. Hearing aids are useful in some cases, but are inadequate in others. Some individuals with severe hearing loss communicate principally through sign language; others rely on lip-reading techniques. Profound hearing loss: The absence of the ability to hear, or the inability to hear sounds below about 95 decibels. Like those with severe hearing loss, some individuals with profound hearing loss communicate principally through sign language; others rely on lip-reading techniques.
http://webaim.org/articles/auditory/auditorydisabilities