PROBLEMS 1. A soil specimen has a volume of 0.05 m3 and a mass of 87.5 kg. given w = 15%, Gs = 2.68. determine a. b. c. d. e.

Void ratio Porosity Dry unit weight Moist unit weight Degree of saturation

2. The saturated unit weight of a soil is 20.1 kN/m3 at a moisture content of 22%. Determine (a) the dry unit weight and (b) the specific gravity of soil solids, Gs . 3. For a soil, given: void ratio = 0.81, moisture content = 21% and Gs = 2.68. calculate the following a. b. c. d. Porosity Degree of saturation Moist unit weight in kN/m3 Dry unit weight in kN/m3

4. For a given soil, the following are given: moist unit weight= 122 lb/ft 3 , moisture content = 14.7%, and Gs = 2.68. calculate the following: a. b. c. d. Void ratio Porosity Degree of saturation Dry unit weight

5. For the soil described in problem 4: a. What would be the saturated unit weight in lb/ft 3 ? b. How much water, in lb/ft 3 needs to be added to the soil for complete saturation? c. What would be the moist unit weight in lb/ft 3 when the degree of saturation is 80%?

6. For a granular soil, given: = 108 lb/ft 3 , Dr = 82%, w = 8% and Gs = 2.65. For this soil, if emin = 0.44, what would be emax ? What would be the dry unit weight in the loosest state? 7. The laboratory test results of six soils are given in the following table. Classify the soils by the AASHTO Soil Classification System and given the group indices. Sieve Analysis-Percent Passing

A Sieve no. 100 4 95 10 82 40 65 200 42 Liquid limit 26 Plastic limit *NP = nonplastic

B 100 80 61 55 38 25

Soil C 95 80 54 8 NP* NP

D 95 90 79 64 35 26

E 100 94 76 33 38 25

F 100 94 86 76 52 28

8. Classify the soils given in problem 7 by the United Soil Classification System and determine the group symbols and group names. 9. For a sandy soil given: void ratio, e = 0.63; hydraulic conductivity, k = 0.22 cm/sec; specific gravity of soil solids, Gs = 2.68. Estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the sand (cm/sec) when the dry unit weight of compaction is 117 lb/ft 3 . Use equation (29). 10. A sand has a hydraulic conductivity of 0.25 cm/sec at a void ratio of 0.7. Estimate the void ratio at which its hydraulic conductivity at a void ratio of 0.72? Use equation (28). 11. The in situ hydraulic conductivity of a clay is 5.4 106 cm/sec at a void ratio of 0.92. What would be its hydraulic conductivity at a void ratio of 0.72? Use of equation (31). 12. Refer to the soil profile shown in figure P-12. Determine the total stress, pore water pressure, and effective stress at A, B, C, and D.

Figure P-12 13. A sandy soil (Gs = 2.65), in its densest and loosest states, has void ratios of 0.42 and 0.85, respectively. Estimate the range of the critical hydraulic gradient in this soil at which a quicksand condition might occur. 14. A saturated clay deposit in the field has Liquid limit = 52% Plastic limit = 18% Moisture content = 27% Specific gravity of soil solids, Gs = 2.69 In situ effective overburden pressure = 79 kN/m2 Estimate the preconsolidation pressure, pc a. By using equations (53a and 53b) b. By using equations (54 and 55)

15. For a normally consolidated clay layer, the following are given: Thickness = 3.7 m Void ratio = 0.82 Liquid limit = 42 Average effective stress on the clay layer = 110 kN/m2 How much consolidation settlement would the clay undergo if the average effective stress on the clay layer is increases to 155 kN/m2 as the result of the construction of a foundation?

16. Refer to problem 16. Assume that the clay layer is preconsolidated, pc = 128 kN/m2 and Cs = 1 C . Estimate the consolidation settlement. 5 c 17. Refer to the soil profile shown in figure P-12. The clay is normally consolidated. A laboratory consolidation test on the clay gave the following results: Pressure (lb/in.2 ) 21 42 If the average effective stress on the clay layer increases by 1000 lb/ft 2 , Void ratio 0.91 0.792

a. What would be the total consolidation settlement? b. If Cv = 1.45 104 in2 /sec, how long will it take for half the consolidation settlement to take place? 18. For a normally consolidated soil, the following is given: Pressure (kN/m2 ) 120 360 Determine the following: a. The compression index, Cc . b. The void ratio corresponding to pressure of 200 kN/m2 . 19. A clay soil specimen, 1.5 in. thick (drained on top only) was tested in the laboratory. For a given load increment, the time for 60% consolidation was 8 min 10 sec. how long will it take for 50% consolidation for a similar clay layer in the field that is 10-ft thick and drained on both sides? 20. Refer to figure P-21. A total of 60 mm consolidation settlement is expected in the two clay layers due to a surcharge of p. Find the duration of surcharge application at which 30 mm of total settlement would take Void ratio 0.82 0.64

Figure P-21 21. A direct shear test was conducted on dry sand. The results were as follows: Area of the specimen= 2 in. 2 in. Normal force (lb) 50 95.5 110 132.0 150 Graph the shear stress at failure against normal stress and determine the soil friction angle. 22. A consolidated-drained triaxial test on a sand yielded the following results: All-around confining pressure = 3 = 30 lb/in2 Added axial stress at failure = = 96 lb/in2 Determine the shear stress parameters. 23. Repeat problem 23 with the following: All-around confining pressure = 3 = 20 lb/in2 Added axial stress at failure = = 40 lb/in2

Shear force at failure (lb) 43.5

24. A consolidated-drained triaxial test on a normally consolidated clay yielded a friction angle, , of 28 . If the al-around confining pressure during the test was140 kN/m2 , what was the major principal stress at failure? 25. Following are the results of two consolidation-drained triaxial tests on a clay: Test I: 3 = 140 kN/m2 ; 1(failure ) = 368 kN/m2 Test II: 3 = 280 kN/m2 ; 1(failure ) = 701 kN/m2 Determine the shear strength parameters, that is, c and .

26. A consolidated-undrianed triaxial test was conducted on a saturated normally consolidated clay. Following are the test results: 3 = 13 lb/in2 1(failure ) = 32 lb/in2 pore pressure at failure = uf = 5.5 lb/in2 Determine Ccu , cu , c, and

27. For a normally consolidated clay, given = 28 and cu = 20 . If a consolidated undrained triaxial test is conducted on the same clay with 3 = 150 kN/m2 , what would be the pore water pressure at failure? 28. A saturated clay layer has Saturated unit weight, sat = 3 = 19.6 kN/m3 Plasticity index = 21 The water table coincides with the ground surface. If the clay is normally consolidated estimate the magnitude of cu ( kN/m2 ) that can be obtained from a vane shear test at a depth of 8 m from the ground surface. Use the Skempton relationship given in table 16.