mitropoliti anania jafariZe

regionebis TviTmmarTveloba _ `Tu es ganxorcielda Cven mivalT

saqarTvelos daSlamde~
(ara TviTmmarTveli regionebi, aramed TviTmmarTveli qalaqebi da soflebi)

Tbilisi 2013

uwmidesma patriarqma ilia II-m mouwoda saqarTvelos xelisuflebas _ `ar daaCqaros TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsis miReba. es Tu ganxorcielda Cven mivalT saqarTvelos daSlamde, Cven arasdros SevurigdebiT amas da yvelafers gavakeTebT, rom es ar Sesruldes, yvela raioni uSualod unda daukavSirdes xelisuflebas, mas ar sWirdeba Sua rgoli, xelisuflebam TviTon unda mixedos yvela raionis gasaWirs~ ilia II

saqarTvelos okupirebisTanave, 1922 wlis aprilis TveSi, daarsda samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi, bolSevikebi saqarTvelos sxva teritoriebsac Sepirdnen TviTmmarTvelobas, avtonomiuri uflebebis miniWebas, amiT SeSfoTebuli saqarTvelos imJamindeli patriarqi wmida ambrosi xelaia iZulebuli gaxda Careuliyo saxelmwifo saqmeebSi da etvirTa erovnuli interesebis dacva saerTaSoriso asparezze, cxadia is daapatimres. sasamarTlo procesze wmida ambrosim kategoriuli gancxadeba gaakeTa regionebis avtonomiebis miuReblobisaTvis, patriarqma brZana: `ra saWiro iyo saqarTvelos dayofa avtonomiebad, gansakuTrebiT ra saWiro iyo oseTisa da aWaris respublikebis daarseba, amJamad saWiroa Tu ara yvela mazras, Temsa da sofels, qondes avtonomiuri uflebebi~ _ es sityvebi brZana patriarqma 70 wlis win da dResac, radgan ayalibeben axal avtonomiur da TviTmmarTvel regionebs albaT is imave kiTxvas dasvamda.

amJamindeli e.w. `municipalitetebis gaerTianebiT~ Camoyalibebuli TviTmmarTveli regioni igivea, rac bolSevikebis mier Camoyalibebuli samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi. Tu amJamad TviTmmarTvel regionebSi qmnian `municipalitetTa gaerTianebis sabWos~, imJamad Seqmnes regionis `saxalxo deputatTa sabWo~. 1990 wels swored samxreT oseTis `saxalxo deputatTa sabWom miiRo dadgenileba samxreT oseTis sabWoTa respublikad gardaqmnis Sesaxeb. ruseTis federaciam ki samxreT oseTis respublika damoukidebel saxelmwifod gamoacxada da dRes iq, saqarTvelos uZveles miwaze, ruseTis jaria Cayenebuli. rogorc Zvelad bolSevikebis dros, ise amJamadac erTidaigive gaismis _ `regionebs maTi ganviTarebis mizniT vaniWebT TviTmmarTvelobas~. berZnuli sityva avtonomia, qarTulad ase iTargmneba _ `sakuTari kanonebiT marTuli, TviTmmarTveli~, maSasadame TviTmmarTveloba igivea, rac avtonomia. (aseve ganimarteba leqsikonebSic, asevea miTiTebuli, rom TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis moZraoba daiwyo italiis qalaqebSi, raTa qalaqis mmarTvel warCinebulebs, burJuebisaTvisac gaeziarebinaT da bolos mTlianad daeTmoT Zalaufleba. Camoyalibda warmomadgenlobiTi organoebi Sesabamisi avtonomiurobis xarisxiT, sabolood ki es procesi ase ganimarteba, saxelmwifo Tavis Zalauflebas gadascems TviTmmarTveli anu avtonomiuri erTeulis warmomadgenlobiT organos).

wmida ambrosi xelaia cxadia winaaRmdegi iyo ara soflebis da qalaqebis TviTmmarTvelobisa, aramed eTnikuri niSniT Camoyalibebuli regionebisa, rogoric iyo samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi. misi dapatimrebis Semdeg presaSi acxadebdnen, rom am olqis deputatTa sabWo, mxolod socialur sakiTxebze izrunebda, gaiyvanda gzebs, wylis arxebs, daexmareboda xalxs miwis damuSavebisas. da mas ar eqneboda umaRlesi saxelmwifo organos funqciebi, magram istoriam gviCvena, rom gamarTlda wmida ambrosi xelaias SiSi. 1990 wels TviTmmarTveli regionis deputatTa sabWom rogorc iTqva, miiRo gadawyvetileba saqarTvelodan Tavisi regionis gayvanis Sesaxeb. amJamadac Tuki Camoyalibdeba TviTmmarTveli regionebi, ruseTis imperia da sxva dainteresebuli saxelmwifoebi uTuod ipovian gzebs saqarTvelodan am regionebis CamosaSoreblad, Tu maSin bolSevikebma didi winaaRdegobis gamo mxolod sami TviTmmarTveli regioni Seqmnes, amJamad apireben afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikebis garda Seiqmnas 9 TviTmmarTveli anu avtonomiuri regioni. guriisa, imereTisa, kaxeTisa, mcxeTa-mTianeTisa, raWa-leCxum qvemo svaneTisa, samegrelo zemo svaneTisa, samcxe-javaxeTisa, qvemo qarTlisa da Sida qarTlisa. imJamad wmida ambrosi xelaias poziciiT aRSfoTebuli komunisturi sazogadoeba da presa patriarqs brals sdebda, rom is Seexo saxelmwifo saqmeebs, rom radganac maT SeZles saxelmwifosgan eklesiis gamoyofa, amitomac ambrosi xelaias ufleba ar qonda Careuliyo saxelmwifo saqmeebSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT ambrosi xelaiam ganacxa-

da sasamarTloze Semdegi: `mqonda Tu ara me ufleba, rogorc sasuliero pirs Sevxebodi politikur sakiTxebs, meubnebian, rom Cems uflebebs gadavamete da Caverie saxelmwifo wyobilebisa da marTva-gamgeobis sakiTxebSi, marTalia Cven vicavT princips mieci `keisrisa keisars, da RvTisa RmerTs~, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom pirSi wyali CaviyenoT da ara vTqvaT ra, rodesac vxedavT usamarTlobas, gareSe Zalebis moZalebas, xalxis Seviwroebas, erisaTvis saziano Secdomebs da sazogadod ar vitvirToT xalxis samsaxuri, misi interesebis dacva da misi mwuxarebis sagani ar vamcnoT qveyanas, yvelafers amas qristianuli moZRvreba ar gvikrZalavs, qristes ebraleboda eri, mas emsaxureboda da masze zrunavda. basili didi, grigoli RvTismetyveli da ioane oqropiri, ibrZodnen qveynis xelisuflebis usamarTlobasTan. samRvdeloeba yovelTvis iyo damcveli saqarTveloSi Tavisuflebis ideisa. rusebis damkvidrebis xanaSi eris Tavisuflebis dasacavad quTaTeli da genaTeli mitropolitebi saTaveSi Caudgnen xalxis ajanyebas rusebis winaaRmdeg. gadasaxlebulma eqvTime genaTelma moaxerxa imperatoris naxva da mas `axali neroni~ uwoda, rogorc sarwmunoebrivi ise istoriuli magaliTebi uflebas maZleven xmis amoRebisas, da eklesias evaleba erovnuli interesebis dacva~. samwuxaroa, rom saukunis Semdeg, dRes imaves vimeorebT, rogorc wmida ambrosis miaCnda regionebis avtonomiebi saSiSad da miuReblad saqarTvelos mTlianobisaTvis, ase migvaCnia Cven dRes da es sakiTxi aris ara saxelmwifo xelisuflebis sakiTxi, aramed erovnuli sa-

kiTxi, im eris mTlianobisa, romelic qmnis saqarTvelos wmida eklesias, romlis meTauric aris macxovari ieso qriste. amitomac mouwoda saqarTvelos patriarqma ilia II-m xelisuflebas `ar daaCqaros TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsis miReba. es Tu ganxorcielda Cven mivalT saqarTvelos daSlamde, Cven arasdros SevurigdebiT amas da yvelafers gavakeTebT, rom es ar Sesruldes, yvela raioni uSualod unda daukavSirdes xelisuflebas, mas ar sWirdeba Sua rgoli, xelisuflebam TviTon unda mixedos yvela raionis gasaWirs~. Cvens xelT aris saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier momzadebuli saqarTvelos organuli kanoni, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsi, romelic dasamtkiceblad gadaeca saqarTvelos parlaments. Cven gavecaniT am kodeqss da migvaCnia, rom es aris saqarTvelos daSlis samarTlebrivi meqanizmis Seqmnis mcdeloba, es aris saqarTvelos danawevrebis dakanonebis mcdeloba. rogorc aRvniSneT, Cven ar gvaRelvebs qalaqebisa da soflebis TviTmmarTvelobis SemoReba, aramed gvaRelvebs saqarTveloSi eTnikuri niSniT TviTmmarTveli anu avtonomiuri regionebis Camoyalibeba. Seicavs Tu ara is separatizmis safrTxes? _ mravalma oficialurma pirma amis Sesaxeb ganacxada, rom ar Seicavs, magram TviT dokumentis avtori, anu saqarTvelos mTavroba, am dokumentis #161-e muxlSi acxadebs, rom is Seicavs separatizmis safrTxes. am muxlSi naTqvamia: `1. sakrebulos daTxovna an misi saqmianobis SeCereba xdeba ... Tu warmomadgenlobiTi organos moqmedebiT safrTxe Seeqmna qvey-

nis suverenitets, qveynis mTlianobas, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebis konstituciur ufleba-movaleobaTa ganxorcielebas~. maSasadame, imas, rom dokumentis amoqmedeba Seicavs separatizmis safrTxes, amas TviT es kodeqsi aRiarebs da amitom misi amoqmedeba SesaZloa safrTxis Semcveli iyos saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis da qveynis suverenitetisaTvis. am dokumentis me-7 kari Zalzed saxifaToa da es gulisxmobs regionebSi eTnikuri niSnis mixedviT avtonomiuri olqebis anu regionebis Camoyalibebas. me-7 karis dasaTaureba aseTia: `municipalitetTa regionuli gaerTianeba~. mis I muxlSi naTqvamia: `gaerTianebis uflebamosilebaTa ganxorcielebis teritoria emTxveva saxelmwifo rwmunebulebis-gubernatoris uflebamosilebaTa ganxorcielebis teritorias. gaerTianeba warmoadgens sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirs~. 167-e muxlis Tanaxmad gaerTianebis kolegialuri organoa gaerTianebis sabWo, gaerTianeba uflebamosilia `ganaxorcielos da daamtkicos regionis ganviTarebis strategia~. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania sabWos formirebis wesi. 169-e muxlis I-II punqtis Tanaxmad `sabWos formireba xdeba maTSi gaerTianebuli municipalitetebis, sakrebuloebis wevrTagan. kerZod, municipalitetebis warmomadgenlebis raodenoba ganisazRvreba TiToeul municipalitetSi registrirebul yovel 10 000 amomrCevelze sakrebulos erTi wevriT~. regionTa mmarTveli sabWos wevrebis

arCevis am wesiTac Cans, rom regionebi TviTmmarTvelni anu avtonomiurebi xdebian eTnikuri niSniT. aviRoT magaliTad qvemo qarTlis regioni, aq sabWos wevrad airCeva 10 000 amomrCevelze sakrebulos 1 wevri. qvemo qarTlSi sainterneto monacemebiT cxovrobs 300 000 mde azerbaijaneli (daaxloebiT 284 000) da 100 000 mde qarTveli (daaxloebiT 94 000), aqedan Cans, rom sabWoSi arCevnebis Semdeg warmomadgeneli deputatebis 2/3 anu sabWos umravlesoba mudam iqnebian azerbaijanelebi, umciresoba ki qarTvelebi, Sesabamisi iqneba sabWos gadawyvetilebebi. ruseTis imperia (an sxva romelime dainteresebuli saxelmwifo) mudam ipovis gzebs da saSualebebs, raTa daarwmunos sabWos umravlesoba, rom maTi regionis ganviTarebisaTvis umjobesi iqneba Tu regioni gamoacxadebs damoukideblobas anda Seva sxva ufro mdidari, Zlieri da stabiluri saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi. gana aseve ar gamoyo e.w. samxreT oseTis avtonomiurma saolqo sabWom Tavisi regioni saqarTvelodan? 30 welze metia samxreT saqarTvelos regionebis episkoposi var, vicnob mraval azerbaijanul da somxur ojaxs, mraval kaTolikes, berZens da sxvebs da Cemi dakvirvebiT davrwmundi, rom xalxs arc azerbaijanels, arc somxebs da arc sxvebs ar gaaCniaT araviTari separatistuli ganzraxvebi, separatizmisken maT ubiZgebs mTavrobidan wamosuli Seusabamo qmedebebi, ekonomikis ganuviTarebloba, sacxovrebeli pirobebis mougvarebloba da saqarTvelos mTavrobis iniciativebi, rom maTgan eTnikuri regionebi Seqmnan. es cxadia maT TandaTanobiT gauRvivebs da Camouyalibebs separatistul miznebs.

kodeqsis Tanaxmad regionSi saqarTvelos mTavrobas warmoadgens saxelmwifo rwmunebul-gubernatori. zogierTi muxlis mixedviT regionis sabWos ufro meti uflebebi aqvs vidre gubernators. magaliTad: is mTavrobis winaSe ayenebs sakiTxs gubernatoris gadayenebisa (mux. 172,z). gubernatori pasuxismgebelia sabWos mier damtkicebuli saproeqto ganacxadebis aRsrulebaze, sabWo uflebamosilia gubernatorisgan moiTxovos informacia, xolo gubernatori valdebulia sabWos aT dReSi miawodos informacia da Sesabamisi angariSiT warsdges sabWos winaSe (muxli 174). 175-e muxliT is kidev ufro eqvemdebareba sabWos _ `sabWos gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebaze pasuxismgebeli aris saxelmwifo rwmunebuli-gubernatori~. (mux. 175.1). gubernatori `uzrunvelyofs sabWos gadawyvetilebebis aRsrulebas (mux.175. 2,a) aqedan Cans, rom regionis sakanonmdeblo (anu ufro zustad, dadgenilebaTa mimRebi) organo aris sabWo, xolo aRmasrulebeli aris gubernatori da misi administracia, romelic weliwadSi aranakleb erTxel sabWos warudgens saqmianobis angariSs. (mux.175,2,e). 176-e muxliT marTalia municipalitetTa regionul gaerTianebas saqarTvelos mTavroba akontrolebs, magram kodeqsSi araferia naTqvami imis Sesaxeb Tu ra aris am kontrolis meqanizmi. zemoT aRniSnulidan Cans, rom kodeqsis realuri mizani aris ara imdenad qalaqebisa da soflebis TviTmmarTvelobebis Camoyalibeba, aramed eTnikuri avtonomi-

uri regionebis Camoyalibeba. samcxe-javaxeTisa da qvemo qarTlis garda, rogorc aRvniSneT qarTlisa, kaxeTisa, imereTisa da sxvaTa. aqedanac Cans, rom dokumentis avtorebs, qarTlelebi, kaxelebi, imerlebi da sxvebi eTnikur jgufebad miaCniaT da Tu asea, maSin isini unda cdilobdnen ara erTmaneTisagan maT dacalkevebas teritoriuli avtonomiebiT, aramed maT integracias da erTian naciad gadaqcevas. `qarTveli naciis konsolidacia~ _ yovlad miuReblad miaCnia ruseTis federaciis erT-erT ideologs, vinme r. vaxitovs, romelmac Sesabamisi werili dabeWda moskovis `literaturnaia gazetaSi~ da gaaJRera, rom ruseTis imperiis nebaa _ `ar dauSvas qarTveli naciis konsolidacia~, am werilSi is mouwodebs qvemo qarTlis regionis azerbaijanul umravlesobas, moiTxovon avtonomiis Seqmna. is moiTxovs aWaris avtonomiis uflebebis gazrdas. vrclad msjelobs imis Sesaxeb, rom erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian, rogorc is ambobs, `qarTvelebi da svanebi~, kaxelebi, imerlebi, megrelebi da sxvebi, rom isini sxvadasxva eTnosebi arian, winaswarmetyvelebs saqarTvelos daSla-danawevrebas am niSniT, da aJRerebs moskovis gegmas saqarTveloSi, avtonomiuri regionebis Seqmnisa. mas 2009 wlis ianvarSi upasuxes akademikosma mariam lorTqifaniZem da profesorma giorgi oTxmezurma da Cvenc maT Soris. qarTveli eris konsolidaciis dabali done aimedebT imperialistebs, rom saqarTvelo daiSleba Sinagani winaaRmdegobiT, maTi erT-erTi ideologi borozdini, jer

10

kidev me-19 saukuneSi werda _ `Sua saukuneTa saqarTvelos istoria sxva ara iyo ra Tu ara mudmivi omebi. patara samTavroebi: imereTisa, svaneTisa, guriisa, samegreloisa da afxazeTisa sul mudam erTmaneTs ebrZodnen, erTi-meores swewavdnen, Zneli iyo kacs gaego maTis daucxromelis brZolis mizezi da mebrZolni rogorme Seerigebina~ (k. borozdini, samegrelo da svaneTi, 1934, gv. 258). axlac didi imedi aqvT, rom arakonsolidirebuli qarTveli eri daiSleba. misma mTavrobebma ver SeZles xalxis namdvili survilis aRsruleba, anu ekonomikis aRzeveba. amis gamo xalxi aRar mravldeba, soflebi da regionebi carieldeba da samuSaos saZebnelad ucxoeTSi garbis xalxi, maT Soris regionebSi mcxovrebni, iTxoven ara axali administraciuli erTeulebis Camoyalibebas, aramed cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesebas, raTa axalgazrdebma dagegmon TavianTi ojaxis Seqmna da qveyanaSi ar iyos aseul-aTasobiT dauqorwinebeli qal-vaJi da yovelwliurad ar keTdebodes aseul-aTasobiT aborti. dacarielebul raWis regions avtonomia esaWiroeba? Tu ekonomikis aRorZineba mimarTuli xalxis gamravlebisaken! internetSi devs sabuTi romelSic asaxulia gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis SeSfoTeba, rom 2050 wlisTvis kidev ori milioniT Semcirdeba qarTvelTa raodenoba. Seiqmneba safrTxe, rom TviTon qarTvelebi saqarTveloSi eTnikur umciresobad iqcevian, am sakiTxebze ufro metad aris saWiro parlamentSi proeqtebis wardgena. proeqtSi SeiZleba uklebliv darCes muxlebi soflebisa da qalaqebis TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb, magram amoRe-

11

buli unda iqnas VII kari mTlianad, romelic iTvaliswinebs saqarTveloSi TviTmmarTveli anu avtonomiuri regionebis Seqmnas eTnikuri niSniT. erT-erTma liderma ganacxada rom am sabWos daerqmeva sakonsultacio sabWo, magram es am sabWos regionalur mniSvnelobas ar cvlis, miuxedevad imisa Tu mas ra daerqmeva mainc yalibdeba TviTmmarTveli regioni eTnikuri niSniT. zogjer amboben TiTqosda saqarTvelos dayofas regionebad moiTxovs evropuli kanonmdebloba, magram es aris sicrue, radganac vinc icnobs im sabuTebs rac igzavneba saqarTvelos mimarT evropidan aRniSnulia, rom evropelebi SeSfoTebulebi arian saqarTvelos xalxis integraciis dabali doniT da mravaljer Txoves saqarTvelos xelisuflebas ezrunaT, raTa saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sxvadasxva eTnikuri warmoSobis adamianebs SeeswavlaT qarTuli ena, gacnobodnen qarTul kulturas, raTa SesaZlebeli gamxdariyo maTi integracia erTian saqarTvelos xalxSi, rogorc aRvniSneT saqarTvelos xalxis konsolidaciisa da integraciis winaaRmdegi aris ruseTis imperia. ruseTis derJavis erT-erTi ideologi r. vaxitovi, rogorc iTqva, mouwodebs imperialistur Zalebs _ `ar davuSvaT qarTveli xalxis konsolidacia~, Tavis statiaSi romelic man `literaturnaia gazetaSi~ gamoaqveyna 2009 wels. saqarTvelos xalxis integraciasa da konsolidacias umZimes dartymas miayenebs eTnoavtonomiuri regionebisa da maTi warmomadgenlebis mier saqarTvelos parlamentis zeda palatis Seqmna, radganac igegmeba TviTm-

12

marTvelobis arCevnebis Semdeg parlamentSi ori palatis Camoyalibeba. TviTmmarTveli regionebis Camoyalibeba meore xafangia. xSirad amboben, rom 2008 wels Cveni jariskacebis Setyueba qalaq cxinvalSi iyo ruseTis mier sagangebod dagegmili maxe. rasac imdenad mZime Sedegebi hqonda, rom rusebma upasuxod SeZles samaCabloSi eTnowmendis Catareba. qarTvelebi aTaswlovani soflebidan, saqarTvelos gulidan, qarTlis centridan gamoyares, saxl-kari daatovebines, ltolvilebad aqcies TavianT miwa-wyalze. meore aseTi xafangi saqarTvelos TviTmmarTveli regionebis Camoyalibebaa. ufalma RmerTma inebos, rom agvaridos yovel borotebasa da mtris mier dagegmil xafangs, RmerTma inebos qarTveli xalxis gamravleba da saqarTvelos mosaxleobis integracia saxelmwifo eniTa da qarTuli kulturiT. amin! 9. 12. 2013 w.

13