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Advanced StructuralAnalysis
Lecture1 Module1: ReviewofBasicStructuralAnalysis
DevdasMenon Professor IITMadras
(dmenon@iitm.ac.in)
AdvancedStructuralAnalysis Modules
1. Reviewofbasicstructuralanalysis 1 2. Reviewofbasicstructuralanalysis 2 3. Basicmatrixconcepts 4. Matrixanalysisofstructureswithaxialelements 5. Matrixanalysisofbeamsandgrids 6. Matrixanalysisofplaneandspaceframes 7. Analysisofelasticinstabilityandsecondordereffects
Module1:ReviewofbasicSA 1
StaticallyDeterminateStructures:Introduction;Analysis
Module1:Reviewofbasic StructuralAnalysis 1
Introduction StaticallyDeterminateStructures WorkandEnergyMethods ForceMethods StaticallyIndeterminateStructures DisplacementMethods KinematicallyIndeterminate
Structures
PartII:Force Responsein Statically Determinate Structures PartIII: Displacement Responsein Statically Determinate Structures
BasicStructuralAnalysis
PartI: Fundamentals
StructuralAnalysis&Design
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS LOADS (input) STRUCTURE (system)
StructuralAnalysisistheapplicationofsolid mechanicstopredicttheresponse (intermsof forcesanddisplacements)ofagivenstructure (existingorproposed)subjecttospecifiedloads.
RESPONSE? (output)
o Stability o Strength o Stiffness o Economy o Aesthetics
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
IntroductiontoStructuralAnalysis
LOAD STRUCTURE RESPONSE
StructuralModelling
slab
Spaceframe
MODELLING OF STRUCTURES
LINEAR(1D)
PLANAR(2D)
SPACE(3D)
FOLDED PLATES
PlaneFrame
Beam
AxialSystem
PlaneTruss
SpaceTruss
Joints&Supports
Kinematicfunction: Controlrelativedisplacements Join t Staticfunction: Providefortransmissionofforces (Connection between elements)
Pinned
(Freerelative rotation)
Semirigid Rigid
(Norelative rotationor translation)
Support Reactions
Fixedsupport Rollersupport
Hingedsupport
Internalhingebehaviour
P1 B A P1 A MA B B SB P2 C P2 C
VA
SB P1
VC P2 C child parent B
DetailatB
SpaceandPlaneFrames
Spaceframe (3Danalysis)
SpaceFrame Element
Planeframe Element
Planeframes (2Danalysis)
PlaneFramesandBeams
Partial(substitute)frame
Grids(grillages)andBeams
Gridelement
Bendingmoments Shearforces Twistingmoments
Grid
Torsional stiffnessnegligible GridelementreducestoBeamelement (Introducetorsional releasesatmemberends)
StaticIndeterminacy(ns)
Cause(kinematicsrelated): Structureisoverconstrained oroverrigid Effect(staticsrelated): Structureishyperstaticor staticallyindeterminate
Justrigid
(ns =0)
Unstable
Overrigid (ns =m +r 2j = 2)
Mustsatisfycompatibilityconditions
ForcesandDisplacements
Mustsatisfyequilibriumconditions
F2 F1 F13
1 8 2 9
F3
F4
3 10
F5
11
F6
SimplePlaneTruss:
4
F12
F7
5
F8
F9
6
F10
F11
7
D2 D1
D4 D3
3 11
L11 D5 D6 N11
D10 D9
D5
L11+e11
D10 D9
KinematicIndeterminacy
2 1 13 12 7 8 9 3 4 5 6
SimplePlaneTruss:
10 11 14
Global(Structure)Coordinates:j=1,2,,14 Restraints:D12 =0,D13 =0,D14 =0 UnknownDisplacements:D1 ,D2 ,,D11 Degreeofkinematicindeterminacynk =11 (Degreeofstaticindeterminacyns =0!)
KinematicIndeterminacy
1 2 A
Beamelement
3
B 4
FixedBeam nk =0
Cantilever
B 6 3 A Planeframeelement
D2 D1
A
D4 D B 3 1
2 1 1 3
2
Portal frame nk =6
nk =2 2 3 4
ContinuousBeam
nk =4
1 3 5 6
nk =3
1 1
nk =6
Boxframe
Ignoringaxialdeformations
Staticvs KinematicIndeterminacy
1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8 17 18
9 13
10 14
11 15
12 16
19 2 0
Ignoringaxialdeformations: nk =16+4=20
StructuralAnalysis
LOAD STRUCTURE RESPONSE
DirectActions IndirectLoading
ForceField DisplacementField
IndirectLoading
SupportDisplacements ConstructionalErrors EnvironmentalChanges
Caninduceaforceresponseifthestructureisoverrigid; otherwiseonlyadisplacementresponse!
SupportDisplacements
Justrigidstructures rotationalslipA A A B (rigidbodymotions;noforceresponse) (a)cantileverbeam (b)simplysupportedbeam A B BA differential settlement
ConstructionalErrors
Lackoffitintrusses:
B
(AClongby 5mm)
A
xD
xD
EnvironmentalChanges
Temperatureeffect
Noforce
Axialforce: N =kbar
L Axialforce:
N =ks s
=L(T)
ks
Justrigid
Overrigid
BasicRequirements
Equilibriumofforcesensuresstaticadmissibility Compatibilityofdisplacementsensureskinematic
admissibility
Forcedisplacementrelationsinvolvematerialstress
strainlaws
ForceResponse
Supportreactions Internalforces
Fij Actionofion j (appearsonfreebodyofj) Fij =Fji(Newtonsthirdlaw) P
P
R A 3 P
1 300 2
B RC
300
RA
A F1A FA1 1
F2B
RC 2 P
C
Support reactions
2 300
3
1
C
RA
RC
StaticallyAdmissibleFORCERESPONSE
LinearElasticBehaviour
Stimulus
P P
SYSTEM
highA lowL P/A
Response?
0 TensionTest
manyrodspecimens(samematerial), variouslengthsanddiameters
Forcedisplacementrelations
k P
ki
N i EA i ei Li
axial tension
load
stress
P k 1
Ni 1 ki ei elongation
E 1
deflection
strain
(a)loaddeflection (structure)
(c)stressstrain relation(material)
DisplacementResponse
P e1
Deflections Rotations
Compatibility:
1 300 2
Equilibrium:
N1 3 P N 2 2 P
B e2
B, hor B B B, ver
Forcedisplacement e 1 N 1 k 1 relation: e2 N 2 k 2
C Kinematically AdmissibleDISPLACEMENTRESPONSE