istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori giuli alasania

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori vaxtang goilaZe

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis pirveli sruli gamokvleva

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos manglis-walkis eparqia 2000

saqarTvelos mTavarepiskopos samociqulo

marTlmadidebeli jafariZis istoria da

eklesiis

wmida

sinodis

wevris

anania

mravaltomiani gamoqveynebis

monografia Tanave

saqarTvelos umaRlesi istoriis

eklesiis

gadaiqca eklesiis

saswavleblebis

pedagogebisa

studentebisaTvis

saxelmZRvanelo wignad. uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis ilia II-is locva kurTxeviT 1998 wlis saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendarSi gamoqveynda aRniSnuli monografiis mokle redaqcia, romelic ivane

javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnografiis samecniero sabWos mier gadatanili iqna sadisertaciod. qvemdebare wignSi warmodgenilia Cveni cnobili sazogado moRvaweebisa da mecnierebis mier gamoTqmuli recenziebi da sityvebi aRniSnuli disertaciis dacvisas, romelsac Tan erTvis universitetidan da institutebidan miRebuli gamoxmaurebani.

S i n a a r s i
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori giuli alasanias recenzia anania jafariZis disertaciaze saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII-XVIII ss.) ................................................................................................................ 5 mTavarepiskopos Aananias pasuxi oficialur oponents qalbaton giuli alasanias .............................................................................................................................................................14 istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtor vaxtang goilaZis recenzia
...................................... 26

pasuxi oficialur oponents baton vaxtang goilaZes ..............................................................43 ist. mecn. ist. mecn. doqtor valerian maWaraZis sityva doqtor ilia tabaRua sityva
............................................................... 44 .................................................................... 44

morwmune qalbatonis sityva .................................................................................................................... 45 profesor revaz baramiZe sityva kinoreJisor revaz CxeiZe sityva
.................................................................................. 46 .......................................................................................... 46 ................................................................................. 48 .................................................. 49

akademikosi mariam lorTqifaniZis sityva

istoriis mecn. doqtor marine CxartiSvilis sityva mTavarepiskopos meufe Tadeozis ist. mecn.

sityva......................................................................................... 50
................................................................. 52 .......................................................................... 52 ....................................................................53 ................................................................... 54 ..............................................................................55 .............................................................................55

doqtor iakob axuaSvilis sityva:

docent rusudan wiqvaZis sityva ist. mecn. ist. mecn.

doqtor fridon sixaruliZis sityva kand. deniza sumbaZis sityva

mweral ciala ardaSelias sityva akademikos daviT musxeliSvili sityva iRumen mama Sios sityva

..................................................................................................... 56

Tbilisis sulxan-saba orbelianis pedinstitutis istoriis fakultetis docent s. vardosaniZis da kaTedris gamge, prof. sv. gamsaxurdias daskvna ........................................................................................... 57 a.jafariZis pasuxi wamyvan organizacias
............................................................................. 59

Tsu profesor filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtor z. kiknaZis gamoxmaureba .................................................. 61 quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetis saq. istoriis kaTedris gamgis ist. mecn. doqtor prof. g. mWedliZis gamoxmaureba ....................... 64 Tbilisis pedinstitutis qristianuli kulturis istoriis kaTedris gamgis prof. lela xaCiZis da kaTedris ufrosi maswavleblis T. koWlamazaSvilis gamoxmaureba ......................................... 65 saqarTvelos recenzia teqnikuri universitetis kaTedris gamgis prof. n. xazaraZis

.............................................................................................................................................. 68

Tsu religiaTmcodneobis da eTikis kaTedris docentis r. wiqvaZisa da kaTedris gamgis prof. T. fanjikiZis gamoxmaureba ................................................................ 71 Tsu kulturis istoriisa da Teoriis kaTedris gamgis prof. ist. mecn. doqtor qeTevan pavliaSvili recenzia ............................................. 74 goris ekonomikur-humanitaruli institutis kaTedris gamge, prof. el. mamisTvaliSvilis da docent v. kiknaZis gamoxmaureba

........................ 76

saq. mecn. akademiis istoriisa da EeTnografiis institutis mecn. TanamSromlis e. kaWaravas daskvna ...................................................................... 78

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori giuli alasanias recenzia anania jafariZis disertaciaze saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII-XVIII ss.)
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria gadarCenisTvis mudmivi brZolaa. iseve, rogorc saqarTvelos istoria, ena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba,

CamonaTvalSi

romelic qarTvel xalxs gadarCenis ZiriTad pirobad miuCnevia, Tanmimdevrobis cvlisas xSirad pirvel adgilze sarwmunoebas wamoswevda xolme, vinaidan eris konsolidaciis saqmeSi eklesia xSir SemTxvevaSi ufro mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda, vidre saero xelisufleba. marTlmadidebloba da eklesia saukuneebis manZilze iyo is ZiriTadi RerZi, is xerxemali, romelzedac iyo daSenebuli erovnuli cnobiereba. qarTuli erovnuli cnobierebis sicocxlis unarianoba, romlis mizezebis kvlevasac eZRvneba dRes sapaeqrod warmodgenili gamokvleva, swored saqarTvelos eklesiis sicocxlisunarianobiT iyo gamowveuli. aseTia naSromis ZiriTadi Tezisi, romelsac wlebSi avtori mravali argumentiT interesis da Zalze

damajereblad asabuTebs. ukanasknel gansaxilveli Semdeg eklesiis istoriisadmi eklesiis miuxedavad pirveli naSromi

saqarTvelos

istoriis

Sesaxeb

sruli gamokvlevaa. pirvelia naSromi im TvalsazrisiTac, rom didi xnis eklesiaze mecnierul gamokvlevas qmnis sasuliero piri marTlmadidebluri xedviT, gansxvavebuli gancdiT. es aris eklesiis warsuli da dRevandeloba, amgvarad, es danaxuli qarTul Signidan, organuli im codniT, sisxlis rogorc avtori gadasxmas hgavs, aRniSnavs, marTlmadidebluri TvalTaxedviT dawerili istoria (gv. 13). istoriografiaSi

romelic drodadro aucilebelia jansaRi organizmis SesanarCuneblad. warmodgenili disertaciis ramdenime ZiriTadi mizani aris: 1) daubrunos saqarTvelos moqalaqes qristes rwmena da ganamtkicos mrevli am rwmenaSi; 2) gauRvivos mkiTxvels siamayis grZnoba qveynis da eris Rirseuli warsuli gamo;

3)

aRadginos saqarTvelos warsulis obieqturi da sruli suraTi da am fonze

warmoaCinos eklesiis istoria da misi mniSvneloba qveynis da eris warsulsa da awmyoSi. Tavidanve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirveli ori mizani savsebiT miRweulia. rac Seexeba mesames, Cemi dRevandeli mdgomareoba maiZulebs masze ufro detalurad SevCerde da es movaleoba friad sasiamovnod da sapatiod mimaCnia. Temis farglebSi, rogorc problemis dasmis TvalsazrisiT, aseve misi SinaarsiT mniSvnelovnad scildeba sakandidato disertaciis amocanebs da

moTxovnebs, xolo misi avtori ueWvelad imsaxurebs Ziebul samecniero xarisxs. saqarTvelos eklesiis warsulis Seswavla avtors imTaviTve farTod dausaxavs. wignSi qveynis politikuri, socialuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli cxovreba msWvalavs ise organulad naSroms, aris rom Serwymuli xSirad eklesiis imis da istoriasTan gansazRvra, met-naklebad da ise mTel Znelia romelia masTan

avtorisaTvis

ufro

mniSvnelovani.

saqarTvelos

urTierTobaSi myofi qveynebis istoriis monumentur tiloze warmodgenili saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani urTierTobaSi eklesiis SenaZenia myofi istoriis aramarto qveynebis, istoriis konteqstSia saqarTvelos zogadad TvalsazrisiT, da danaxuli. religiisa mdidari amdenad aramed da, naSromi masTan kerZod, warsulis,

marTlmadideblobis

problematikiT romelic wignis

warmodgenili saqarTvelos

istoria

wyaroTmcodneoba,

meore plans qmnis, aranakleb saintereso da aranakleb mniSvnelovania. dRes, rodesac eklesias kvlav daubrunda is mniSvnelovani funqcia, romelic uTuod mas gazrdis istoriulad eklesiis mudam da hqonda qarTveli xalxis xels warsulSi, Seuwyobs dRevandeli disertaciis dacvis mniSvneloba Zalze didia. TviT naSromis done samRvdeloebis avtoritets, sazogadoebis konsolidacias da yovelive es mniSvnelovan wvlils Seitans eris sulier amaRlebasa da gadarCenaSi. warmodgenil naSromSi avtors Zalze bevr sakiTxze maT Soris sakamaTosa da dadgenilze. igi mouxdeba msjeloba, kompoziciurad,

rTulia

Sinaarsobrivad da, miuxedavad imisa, rom kargi eniT aris dawerili, Zneli aRsaqmelia. wignis mniSneloba rTuli amocanis winaSe ayenebda ara marto avtors, aramed mis mkiTxvelsac, romlisganac saTanado momzadebas moiTxovs. wigni rTuli wasakiTxia emociurad. vinaidan Cvens winaSea saqarTvelos da

qarTveli

eris

mTeli

warsuli

da

awmyo,

warmatebebi

da

ukusvlebi,

damoukideblobis, siZlieris da gareSe Zalis damorCilebis wlebi da yovelive amis fonze eris Camoyalibebis uwyveti procesi. gacocxlebulia maTi dadebiTi da da

warmodgenilia

konkretul

pirovnebaTa

portretebi

uaryofiTi mxareebiT, eklesiis da saero xelisuflebis rTuli urTierToba sxvadasxva xanaSi, gare samyarosTan Sexvedrebi, omebis da mSvidobis istoria, maTi mniSvneloba da yvelaferi es erTis amosunTqviT, erTi gancdiT aris dawerili. Tumca aseTi naSromi, cxadia, erTbaSad ar iwereba, aseTi naSromi mTeli cxovrebis wyaroebs, SemTxvevaSi rasac nafiqria. mkvlevari kargad icnobs amdidrebs TviTmxilvelTa gvevlineba TviTmxilvelis amasTanave Sesabamis es werilobiT zogierT zrdis

monacemebiT, rolSi.

xolo

TviTon

faqti

gamokvlevis xarisxs

da mniSvnelobas.

mTeli naSromi dawerilia

samecniero literaturis codniT da didi pativiscemiT winamorbed mkvlevarTa mimarT. magram winamorbedebTan kamaTi ar Seadgens naSromis mizans. misi mizani ufro avtoris mosazrebebis dasabuTebaa, romelic aramarto Tanabrad erkveva istoriul da wyaroTmcodneobiT problematikaSi, aramed TviTon aris profesionali istorikosi da wyaroTmcodne. SeuZlebelia gamokvlevaSi ganxilul sakiTxTa ubralo CamoTvlac ki, SevCerdebi mxolod zogierTze da amasTanave aRvniSnav maT zogierT xarvezs. Cemi erT-erTi ZiriTadi SeniSvna exeba gamokvlevis teqnikur mxares,

romelsac Zalze didi datvirTva aqvs samecniero naSromSi. es aris sqolioebis ar arseboba. Tumca literaturis damowmeba xSirad ukve TavisTavad argumentia. am sakmaod mZime SeniSvnas Cans, erTgvarad magram arbilebs am is, rom istoriis gamo ganswavluloba yovelTvis kargad gamokvlevis Taviseburebis

ar xerxdeba Sejereba.

gamokvlevebis konkretuli sakiTxebi Serwymulia Teoriul problemebTan. avtori msjelobs imaze, Tu ra aris qristianuli eklesiis istoria, rogorc disciplina, asaxelebs mis wyaroebs, gansazRvravs Tavis amocanebs. sagangebod Cerdeba jer msoflio istoriis, xolo Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis istoriis xan istoriuli movlenaa (mag., mefobis gauqmeba), xan movlena periodizaciaze. periodizaciis SemuSavebisas ar aris daculi erTiani principi. aq amosavali sakuTriv eklesiis cxovrebaSi (mag., avtokefaliis gauqmeba an aRdgena). MmTlad misaRebi ar aris, ratom aris miCneuli oqros xanis dasasrulad XIV s. damdegi,

Tu saqarTvelo ukve me-13 s. 20-iani wlebidan zedized ganicdis xan monRolTa, xan xorezSahTa Tavdasxmebs, eqceva maTi politikuri kontrolis qveS an ratom ar aris, magaliTad, calke gamoyofili 1917-21 ww. ratom aris miCneuli mijnad VI s. da ar aris gamoyofili VII s. 20-iani wlebi, romelic avtoris araerTgzis SeniSvniT aSkarad gadamtexi momentia qarTuli eklesiis istoriaSi. Zalze sainteresoa dakvirvebebi hagiografiul Zeglebze, sxvadasxva

Sinaarsis iuridiul dokumentebze, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ struqturaze, rTul mudmiv problemad rCeba. avtori cal-calke ganixilavs TiToeul Zegls, afasebs maT, rogorc wyaros da, kerZod, eklesiis istoriisaTvis. aseve erTgvarad xelovnur STabeWdilebas istorikosebis dayofa SeniSnavT, rom samoqalaqo da

saeklesio avtorebad, yovel SemTxvevaSi adreul saukuneebSi, vinaidan erTnic da meorenic sasuliero pirebi arian. mkvlevari Tamaris e.w. meore istorikosad basil ezosmoZRvars Zeglis miiCnevs, avtori rac erTgvarad ar moZvelebuli aris Sexedulebaa. magram

marTalia,

jerjerobiT

dadgenili,

i. javaxiSvilis atribucia amJamad aRar aris gaziarebuli. didi adgili eTmoba naSromSi qarTuli eris eTnogenezis sakiTxebs. avtori msjelobs qarTvelebis aq sxvadasxva dasaxelebebze, ganixilavs eris Camoyalibebis Teorias. yuradRebas ipyrobs qarTvelebis dakavSireba

bibliur TugalTan. aRniSnul sakiTxze uzarmazari literaturaa Seqmnili. avtors TviTonac aqvs specialuri gamokvleva qarTvelebis eTnogenezze,

Sesabamisi argumentebi gansaxilvel wignSic aris motanili, magram, vfiqrob, problema mainc moiTxovs Semdeg dakvirvebas. mkvlevari farTod aSuqebs mociqulTa moRvaweobas qarTlSi, ris iyo, Sedegadac msjelobs da akeTebs daskvnas, rom vinaidan mociqulebis mier daarsebuli yvela eklesia, sadac ar unda yofiliyo is, avtokefaliuri amitomac qarTuli eklesia daarsebisTanave avtokefaluria. es azri naSromSi sxvaganac meordeba da avtori mas araerTxel sxvadasxva argumentiT asabuTebs. Teoriulad es iqneb marTlac ase unda yofiliyo, magram realobaSi TviT mociqulebis yofnis faqti saqarTveloSi araerTxel damdgara eWvqveS. naSromSi naCvenebia, Tu rogor uxdebodaT qarTvelebs zog SemTxvevaSi Tavisi

kanonieri urTierTobis mtkiceba da rogor Znelad ikafavda gzas simarTle adrec da axlac. Sors rom ar wavideT, amis magaliTad marTlmadideblur diptixSi saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilis sakiTxic kmara. an rogor avxsnaT is.

magaliTad faqti, rom 381 wels konstantinepolis II msoflio saeklesio krebis aqtebSi episkoposTa iberiis xelmowerebidan episkoposis Cans amasiis pontos an eparqiis me-12 s.

warmomadgenlis

pantofiles

monawileoba

bizantili avtoris nilos doqsanopatriusis cnoba, romlis mixedviT 1143 w. ~helspontos amasia, romlis saepiskoposo iyo TviT iberiac~. nabij-nabij, sxvadasxva wyaroebiT asabuTebs avtori dasavleT da

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erTianobas, aCvenebs saepiskoposoebis raodenobriv zrdas da Sesabamisad qristianobis warmatebebs saqarTveloSi, rac eris

Camoyalibebis aucilebeli pirobaa. wignSi cal-calkea ganxiluli eris iseTi niSnebi, rogorc aris saerTo ena, saerTo teritoria, saerTo kulti, erTmorwmuneoba, fsiqiuri wyoba, saerTo eTnikuri warmoSoba, ganuwyveteli istoriuli da ekonomikuri kavSiri da sxv. yvela am niSans mkvlevari Zalze adre xedavs qarTveli xalxis istoriaSi. jer kidev qarTlis saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis dros Zv.w. IV-III s.s. miuxedavad imisa, rom aq am monakveTSi saintereso msjelobaa dasavleT da aRmosavleT teritoriebis erTianobaze, termin iberiis mniSvnelobaze da sxv. sakiTxebze, Znelia gaiziaro avtoris azri qarTveli eris aseTi siZvelis Sesaxeb, Tumca kidev erTxel xdeba cxadi, rom eris Camoyalibeba xangrZlivi da rTuli procesia da CamoTvlili niSnebis dadastureba sxvadasxva dros garkveul safuZvels da tendencias qmnis mis dasaCqareblad. qarTlSi qristianobis oficialur religiad aRiarebis faqtis TariRad avtori 317-318 ww. miiCnevs (gaziarebulia v. goilaZis azri), magram am sakiTxze msjelobisas erTgvari winaaRmdegoba SeiniSneba. mkvlevaris azriT, ~338 wlis Semdeg qarTvelTa mefes qristianobis aRiareba sparselTa SiSiT gauWirdeboda. maSasadame, im dros roca sparseTi qristianobas mfarvelobda da iberia iranis gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda (280 wlebamde), gacilebiT ufro advili iyo qristianobis miReba. marTlac, diubua de monpesie qarTlis moqcevis TariRad 976 wels miiCnevs~ (gv.65). gv. 174-ze motanilia, Cans, ~qarTvlis cxovrebis cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rogor gamogzavna konstantinem qarTlSi relikviebi - cxovelmyofeli jvris nawili da ficari, romelzedac daWvaluli iyo uflis fexebi. episkoposma uflis samsWvalni da ganZi eruSeTSi datova da wamovida, wundaSi man xuroebi datova, eklesiis Seneba manglisSi daiwyo da iq uflis ficarni datova.

~moqcevai

qarTlisaSi~

piriqiT

aris:

eruSeTSi

datoves

ficarni,

xolo

manglisSi samsWvali. es cnoba, rogorc Cans, ufro sworia, yovel SemTxvevaSi werilobiTi Caiwera da zepiri tradicia samsWvals swored manglisis taZarTan

akavSirebs. gv. 176-ze avtori exeba sakiTxs imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli anbaniT ninos cxovrebis uZvelesi versia da arCevs kompromisul gzas. misi varaudiT, salome ujarmelma an qarTuli an berZnuli an kidev arameuli anbaniT isargebla. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom problema qarTuli anbanis Seqmnas exeba, aq sasurveli iyo ufro mkafio pozicia. gamokvlevis TiToeul monakveTs win uZRvis Sesabamisi wyaroebis

Sinaarsis gadmocema, romelic zogjer Seicavs anaqronizmebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasurvelia gakeTdes SeniSvna, magaliTad, vaxtang gorgaslis dros yivCaRebis moxseniebis dros (gv. 186). damajerebelia avtoris varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom konfliqti vaxtangsa da mTavarepiskoposs miqaels Soris socialur niadagze moxda. magram

gamokvlevebSi araferia naTqvami bizantiaSi gamocemuli henotikonis Sesaxeb an imaze, moaxdina Tu ara aman raime gavlena qarTlis sasuliero orientaciaze. ufro Rrma dasabuTebas moiTxovs, albaT, naSromSi gamoTqmuli varaudi, rom herebis mSobliuri ena qarTuli enis erT-erTi dialeqti iyo, miTumetes, rom aqve naTqvamia, rom hereTis ena daRestnur enebs enaTesaveboda (gv. 209). qronologiur gavrcelebuli gamijvnas iranuli moiTxovs, da albaT dakvirveba, agreTve rom aq

yofila

Turquli

enebi.

somxuric.

konteqstebidan naTeli ar aris, ras exeba cnoba daRestans Tu hereTs. garda amisa, dasazustebelia Turqulis sakiTxi, misi kvali kavkasiaSi SedarebiT gvian Cndeba, magram am sakiTxze azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. damajerebelia azri imis Sesaxeb, rom VIIs. damdegs heraklem saqarTvelos ~zRvispireTi uSualod bizantiis saxelmwifos SeuerTa, ris gamoc dasavleT saqarTvelos am nawilze saeklesio iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela. konstantinepolis sapatriarqom miT umetes, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, erTi mxriv, imas, rom elinizacia swored herakles wlebs ukavSirdeba, rom berZnuli ena mis dros saxelmwifos oficialuri ena xdeba, xolo, meore mxriv, eklesiis gavlenis zrdis sazogadoebriv urTierTobaze. magram aqve motanilia cnoba, TiTqos qarTlis mmarTvelma mefem gamoTqva ukmayofileba da keisars Txovna gaugzavna erovnuli teritoriebis ukan dabrunebaze. magram ar aris miTiTebuli wyaro.

10

gv. 235-ze avtori exeba 1045-49 ww. Tbilisis gadacemis sakiTxs qarTveli mefisaTvis. misi azriT, Tbilisis mmarTveloba xelSi auRiaT Tbilisel berebs. qarTvel sasuliero pirebs. qarTul istoriografiaSi araerTxel gamoiTqva

mosazreba am sakiTxze. miCneulia, rom Tbileli berni an igive Tbileli uxucesni arian vaWar-xelosanTa zeda fena. gasaTvaliswinebelia, albaT, is faqti, rom Tbilisi am dros muslimur dinastiis xelSia. kavSiri saxelmwifosa da saeklesio mTavrobas Soris an eklesiisaTvis imunitetis miniWeba jer kidev ar niSnavs Teokratuli saxelmwifos Seqmnas. marTalia, mkvlevari Tavis mosazrebas, rom daviTis dros ~Camoyalibda

Teokratulis msgavsi qarTuli saxelmwifo~ (gv. 240) asabuTebs, magram am azris gaziareba misi argumentaciis gaTvaliswinebiT Znelia. aqve gamoTqmulia varaudi, rom ruis-urbnisis krebaze eklesiam mefes mas ~ranTa da kaxeT-hereTi gadasca, amitomac uwodebs am krebis Zeglis wera

kaxTa~ mefes. ufro logikuri iqneboda varaudi, rom kaxeTi-hereTis SemoerTeba 1103 w. win uswrebda ruis-urbnisis krebas. erTgvari gazviadebaa da dasazustebelia 249-ze naTqvami, rom ~Tamari ukve sruliad saqarTvelos mefe gaxda. es saqarTvelo ki faqtiurad mTel kavkasias moicavda~. gv. 252-253-ze mkvlevari xedavs erTgvar kavSirs aTabagobis institutis SemoRebasa da saqarTvelos dasustebas Soris. saqarTvelos dasustebis

mizezebi am dros bevrad ufro Rrmaa. araerTxel gvxvdeba aq termini aminspasalari, rac uzustobaa. unda iyos amirspasalari romelic arabuli da sparsuli sityvebisagan Sedgeba amir, sipap, sardar. monRolebis da qarTvelebis dazavebis TariRad miTiTebulia 1242 weli. swori TariRia 1243 (gv. 262) tradiciisamebr, daviT laSas Ze ulud ixsenieba (gv. 264), rac agreTve uzustobaa. a.w. ~aswlovan matianeze~ dayrdnobiT mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom samcxis mTavris ojaxi didad RmrTismoSiSi iyo, gasaocar pativs scemda samRvdeloebas, saepiskoposoebs, monazvnebs (gv. 275). erTgvarad SeumCneveli darCa is faqti, rom me-14 s. anonimi, romelic warmoSobiT samcxedan aris, separatistia, miuxedavad imisa, rom kargi istorikosia. mimarT, aqedan momdinareobs, samcxes sxvaTa Soris, misi loialoba monRolebis romelTac saqarTvelos mefisagan

11

damoukidebloba

mianiWes,

misi

uaryofiTi

damokidebuleba

samefo

ojaxis

mimarT, gansakuTrebiT demetre II-dmi, samcxis mTavarTa gaidealeba. naSromSi aRniSnulia, TiTqos Temur-lengma Camoasaxla osebi

saqarTveloSi (gv. 271)

amasTanave ar aris miTiTebuli wyaro. ramdenadac viciT,

am cnobis wyaro ar arsebobs, Tumca Temur-lengis Semdeg migraciuli talRa CrdiloeTidan marTlac mosalodnelia. gv. 299-ze miTiTebulia iran-osmaleTis zavis TariRi 1588. unda iyos 1590. wignSi damajereblad aris axsnili, Tu ratom iyo saqarTveloSi

marTlmadidebloba ase miuRebeli dampyroblebisaTvis gvian Sua saukuneebSi. axsnilia, Tu rogor iwvevda marTlmdideblobis dakargva, denacionalizacias da zogierT SemTxvevaSi teritoriis dakargvasac. naCvenebia saqarTvelos eklesiis roli erovnebis SenarCunebis saqmeSi da sxva. zedmiwevniT obieqturad aris gaSuqebuli urTierToba TurqeT-iranTan da gansakuTrebiT ruseTTan. zedmetad romelic qarTlSi mkacrad meCveneba mefe rostomis Sefaseba,

1633 wels gamefda da ara 1632 wels, rogorc es wignSia

miTiTebuli. avtoric marTalia, rodesac SeniSnavs, rom ~rostomis droidan sparselTa TvalsazrisiT qarTli miiCneoda iranis qveSevrdom qveynad, rostomi sparsel valad (da ara valad, rogorc es naSromSia), iranis Sahis moxeled~, magram isic faqtia, rom qarTli da kaxeTi rostomis dros sparsTagan

dapyrobili qveyanaa, sadac gauqmebulia mefoba. g. JorJoliani, romelic specialurad ikvlevs am xanas, aRniSnavs, rom 30-50-ian ww. mahmadianobas qarTlSi sakmaod aramyari mdgomareoba hqonda.

gamahmadianebuli mefe rostomi araviTar RonisZiebas ar mimarTavda meCeTebis mSeneblobis mizniT. qveyanas SerCa sarwmunoeba da qarTuli enac. is, rom rostomi sparsebis sasurvel politikas ar atarebda, gamoCnda imiTac, rom mas CamoerTva kaxeTis gamgebloba. mTlad Sefasebac. farsadan ganviTarebis gorgijaniZes man didi wvlili miiRo miuZRvis Sah-names qarTuli qarTuli kulturis Sesabamis saqmeSi. monawileoba obieqturad ar mimaCnia farsadan gorgijaniZis moRvaweobis

gadawerasa Tu galeqsva-redaqtirebaSi. manve Seadgina qarTul-arabul-sparsuli leqsikoni, qarTul enaze Targmna zogierTi aRmosavluri Txzuleba da, maT

12

Soris, ~tami-abasi musulmanTa sasjulo wigni da kanoni~ da sxv. magram misi ZiriTadi damsaxureba saqarTvelos istoriis Seqmnaa didi xnis intervalis Semdeg. Semdeg farsadan gorgijaniZe iyo is pirveli istorikosi, romelmac iranSi, qarTul enaze dawera saqarTvelos istoria uZvelesi xanidan me-17 s. dasasrulamde. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa naSromis ukanaskneli monakveTi

me-16-17 ss. movlenebi, risTvisac man araerTi ucnobi, ZiriTadad sparsuli wyaroebi gamoiyena da Seavso isini. TviTmxilvelTa cnobebiT da sakuTari TvaliT nanaxiT. misi es Txzuleba safuZvlad daedo Semdgomi xanis qarTul saistorio Zeglebs. Teimuraz II da erkle II-is damsaxurebaze saubrisas meti yuradReba unda miqceoda, albT, saerTaSoriso viTarebas. nadirSahis droindeli sparseTi aRar hgavda Sah-abasis Seqmnil da mis mier datovebul saxelmwifos. dapyrobili avRanelebisagan da damarcxebuli TurqTagan is TviTon moiTxovda mokavSireebs. swored mokavSireobisaTvis jildod mieRoT mama-Svils qristianuli wesiT kurTxevis ufleba. Tumca es ar gamoricxavs maT pirad damsaxurebasac. gv. 332ze naTqvamia, rom sparselebma RalatiT mokles giorgi XI. giorgi XI mokles avRanelebma. amitom motanili winadadeba erTgvar dazustebas moiTxovs. naSromSi sakmao adgili eTmoba qarTvelebis kaTolikobaze gadasvlis mizezebs. magram imis gamo, rom avtori Semdeg sxvadasxva argumentiT cdilobs daamtkicos, rom kaTolikoba ar miuRiaT s.-s. orbelians an mag. anton

kaTolikoss da ar moyavs kaTolikobis miRebis arcerTi konkretuli magaliTi, mkiTxvels erTgvari ukmarisobis grZnoba gauCndeba. naSromSi gakvriT ixsenieba da vfiqrob, ufro metis Tqma SeiZleba me-18-19 ss. Seqmnili komisiebis

saqmianobaze, romelTac kavkasiaSi qristianobis aRdgena evalebodaT da sadac qarTvelebis wvlili Zalze mniSvnelovani iyo. rogorc ukve aRvniSne, wigni tevadia SinaarsiT, Zalze didia Tavisi mniSvnelobiT da erT recenziaSi SeuZlebelia misi amomwuravi Sefaseba.

darwmunebuli var, saqarTvelos istorias da qarTuli eklesiis mkvlevarebi mas araerTxel daubrundebian da ara marto ikamaTeben aq warmodgenil sakiTxebze, aramed xSir SemTxvevaSi maT gaiziareben da gaiTvaliswineben. yovelive zemoaRniSnulis safuZvelze vSuamdgomlob sabWos winaSe, raTa mieniWos anania jafariZes istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxi.

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori g. alasania

13

mTavarepiskopos Aananias pasuxi oficialur oponents qalbaton giuli alasanias uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb oficialur oponents. istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtors, profesor giuli alasanias maRali SefasebisaTvis Cemi naSromisa, rom ~igi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis pirveli sruli gamokvlevaa da igi qarTul istoriografiaSi im sisxlis gadasxmas hgavs, romelic drodadro aucilebelia jansaRi organizmis SesanarCuneblad~. me arc movelodi Cemi mcire Sromis aseT did Sefasebas. mTlianad veTamxmebi qalbaton giulis, rom Cems warmodgenil disertacias gaaCnia ramdenime mizani: 1. daubrunos saqarTvelos moqalaqes qristes sarwmunoeba da ganamtkicos

mrevli am rwmenaSi; 2. 3. gauRvivos mkiTxvels siamayis grZnoba qveynisa da eris Rirseuli warsuli gamo; aRadginos saqarTvelos warsulis obieqturi da sruli suraTi, am fonze warmoaCinos eklesiis istoria, misi mniSvneloba eris warsulsa da awmyoSi. qalbatoni giuli brZanebs, rom pirveli ori mizani savsebiT miRweulia, mesames igi, viTarca oponenti, ixilavs ufro detalurad. 1. qalbatoni giulis ZiriTadi SeniSvna exeba gamokvlevis teqnikur mxares, ki miuTiTebs sqolioebis rom ar arsebobis Sesaxeb. am sakiTxTan daibeWda mogaxsenebT, radganac sadisertacio naSromi kerZod

dakavSirebiT

sapatriarqos mTavar beWvdiT organoSi, saqarTvelos saeklesio kalendarSi (1998), romelic ZiriTadad gankuTvnilia farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisa da morwmuneTaTvis, amitomac teqsti gasagebi da advilad sakiTxavi unda yofiliyo. sqolios nacvlad wyaroebi da literatura miTiTebul iqna teqstSive imis gaTvaliswinebiTac, rom am gamocemis tomad, romelSic wyaroebi da TiTqmis paralelurad gamomcemloba mravlad aris miTiTebuli meranma dabeWda aRniSnuli naSromis vrceli, ufro srulyofili varianti or literatura sqolioebSi. 2. qalbatoni giulis TvalsazrisiT, marTalia, naSromSi gadmocemulia

periodizacia, magram periodizaciis SemuSavebisas ar aris daculi erTiani principi. mis amosavals xan istoriuli movlena, xanac sakuTriv eklesiis cxovrebaSi momxdari movlena warmoadgens. kerZod, daisva kiTxva, Tu ratom

14

aris miCneuli mijnad VI saukune, ratom miiCneva e.w. eklesiis oqros xanis dasasrulad XIV saukunis damdegi, ratom ar aris gamoyofili calke 1917-21 wlebi. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT miviCnevT, rom VI saukune WeSmaritad gardamtexi momentia saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaSi. jer kidev adre simon janaSia werda, rom ~VI saukune namdvilad istoriuli mosabrunia Cveni qveynis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT Zvel xanaSi~ (s. janaSia, feodaluri revolucia saqarTveloSi, I. gv.1). IV saukunis dasawyisis ambebis Semdeg simon janaSias VI saukune umniSvnelovanes gamo. momentad miaCnda axali politikuri mefoba wyobis SvilTa

gamarjvebis daviTis Ze).

iranelTa

xelSewyobiT

~moaklda

gorgaslisaTa da miT JamiTgan epyra ufleba qarTlisa aznaurTa~ (sumbat saeklesio cxovrebaSic udidesi cvlileba moxda. saxelmwifoebrivi

mzrunvelobiT IV-V saukuneebSi ayvavebuli qarTuli eklesia mniSvnelovnad daemcro VI s-Si, kerZod, iraneli dampyroblebi Seecadnen amierkavkasiis

eklesiaTa Soris hegemoni eklesiis roli mieniWebinaT somxuri eklesiisaTvis. mizezi amisa iyo is, rom swored VI saukuneSi gamoikveTa somxuri eklesiis midrekileba monofizituri sarwmunoebisadmi, romelic waxalisebuli dros iyo iranis mier, rogorc antibizantiuri aRmsarebloba. amave qarTvelma

eklesiam daicva marTlmadidebloba da, miuxedavad iranelTa mxridan didi devnisa, mxari dauWira qalkedonitobas, es TandaTan gamoikveTa VI saukunis Sua wlebidan. amis gamo qarTuli eklesia iqca devnis obieqtad, dampyroblebi Seecadnen misi iurisdiqciisa da gavlenis sazRvrebis Semcirebas monofizituri dvinis sakaTalikosos sasargeblod, kerZod, hereTSi, romelic IV-V saukuneebSi qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda qarTuli saeklesio eniT, VI saukunis Semdeg dainerga monofizituri aRmsarebloba somxuri eniT, mxolod X saukuneSi dinara dedoflis dros hereTi daubrunda deda-qarTul eklesias, msgavsadve, SeizRuda VI saukunidan qvemo qarTlSi, romelsac gugarqsac nacvlad uwodeben, danerges

qarTuli

saeklesio

enis

uflebebi,

romlis

somxurenovani RvTismsaxureba, romlis amofxvrasac kirion kaTalikosi Seecada VII saukunis dasawyisSi, xelsayreli politikuri viTarebis dros. VI saukuneSi iranelTa mcdelobas ukvalod ar Cauvlia. Tbilisi iranelTa iseT mZlavr dasayrdenad gadaiqca, rom misi aReba gauWirda herakle

15

keisars. herekles mier VIIs-Si ganxorcielebuli teritoriul-administraciuli RonisZiebebi swored VI saukuneSi momxdari cvlilebebiT amitom 3. VI saukunem Tavisi asaxva hpova saqarTvelos igi gamowveuli. istoriis

eklesiis

periodizaciaSi. rac Seexeba qarTuli eklesiis egreT wodebuli oqros xanis dasasrulis XIV saukunis qveyana dasawyisis saukunis miCnevas 20-iani periodizaciis wlebidan dros, vupasuxebT: agresorTa mijnad

marTalia,

XIII

ganicdida

Tavdasxmebs, magram, amis miuxedavad, am dros, XIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia kvlav YTavis siZlieris zenitSi idga, rac misi mTlianobiT gamoixateboda. XIV saukunidan gamoikveTa is tendenciebi, ramac XV s. ramac, cxadia, saqarTvelos Tumca, aRsaniSnavia darCa, isic, eklesiis rom amis 70-ian wlebSi ganapiroba Searyia. antioqieli patriarqis miqaelis mier afxazeTis kaTalikosad ioakimes kurTxeva, administraciuli mTlianoba miuxedavad eklesiis afxazeTis erT-erTi sakaTalikoso umTavresi kera

Zveleburadve

viTarca

qarTuli

tradiciuli qarTveli mrevliT, Zvel-qarTuli adaT-wesebiTa da wirva-locvis qarTuli eniT. am dros, ivane javaxiSvilis sityviT: ~gankerZoebis momxre mefe-mTavrebi sargeblobdnen saqarTveloSi antioqiel ierusalimeli mokalmase mRvdelmTavrebis mogzaurobiT TavianTi miznebis gansaxorcieleblad~ (t. III, 1982, gv. 337), ramac gavlena iqonia saeklesio cxovrebaze. 4. qalbatoni giuli samarTlianad svams kiTxvas, periodizaciis dros ratom

ar gamoiyo calke 1917-21 wlebi. 1917 weli, cxadia, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovani TariRia, magram rac Seexeba gavlena eklesiis ar mouxdenia qarTuli eklesis 1921 wels, mas 1921 Semdegi wels, iyo: TavisTavadobaze. Aamis mizezi

saqarTvelos okupaciis da aneqsiis Semdeg, bolSevikebma ver SeZles qarTuli avtokefalia TavisTavadobis gauqmeba.

ruseTSi bolSevikuri gadatrialebis Semdeg ruseTis eklesiis wminda sinodma datova ruseTi da gadavida ucxoeTSi, iq gadaiqca e.w. emigrantul eklesiad. aman ufleba misca ruseTis mTavrobas, didxans, 1943 wlamde ar ecno ruseTis saeklesio mmarTveloba, saqarTveloSi ki sxvagvari viTareba iyo. saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqma da wminda sinodma 1921 wels okupaciis dros ar miatova Tavisi samwyso-qarTveli xalxi da ar gadavida ucxoeTSi, ufro metic, imis Semdeg rac kaTalikos-patriarqma wminda ambrosi xelaiam 1922 wlis dasawyisSi

16

mimarTa genuis konferencias, bolSevikebma veRar gabedes saqarTvelos eklesiis xelaRebiT daSla da misi gauqmebulad gamocxadeba, Tumca didi survili hqondaT. aRniSnulis gamo 1921 wels ar momxdara cvlileba saeklesio

struqturisa da igi ar aisaxa saqarTvelos istoriis periodizaciaSi. 5. qalbatoni giuli samarTlianad SeniSnavs, rom xelovnur STabeWdilebas tovebs istorikosebis dayofa samoqalaqo da saeklesio avtorebad. radganac adreul saukuneebSi erTnic da meorenic sasuliero pirebi iyvnen. SesaZlebelia, rom adreul saukuneebSi yvela istorikosi ar iyo

sasuliero piri, magaliTad, araviTari miTiTeba ara gvaqvs, rom juanSeri sasuliero piri yofiliyos. 6. pativcemuli oponentis azriT, erTgvarad moZvelebuli Sexedulebaa Cems mier Tamaris e.w. meore istorikosad basili ezosmoZRvris miCneva. basili ezosmoZRvari miCneulia Tamaris erT-erT istorikosad iseT

oficialur gamocemaSi, rogoricaa qarTuli enciklopedia, Tumca aRniSnul sakiTxebSi veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents. 7. qalbatoni giulis Semdegi SeniSvna Seexeba qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxs. mociqulTa mier daarsebuli yvela eklesia, sadac ar unda yofiliyo is, avtokefalurad miiCneva sazogadod eklesiis istorikosTa mier. magaliTad, SeiZleba davasaxeloT saeklesio kanonebis cnobili mkvlevari profesori trocki. Tu Cven gvjera saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweoba da maT mier eklesiis organizeba, maSin misTvis ar unda daviwyoT sadme ucxoeTSi saeklesio centris Zieba, radganac Sesaxeb pirvelsaukuneTa I aTaswleulSi mier saeklesio bizantiis iyo praqtikis imperiaSi am

Sesabamisad pirveli eklesiebi marTlac avtokefaliebi iyvnen. saerTod, mxolod is avtokefaliis eklesia, arsebobda Tvalsazrisi, rom avtokefalurad unda CaTvliliyo mxolod da romelic mociqulis giorgi 1056-1057 erT daarsebuli.

Tvalsazrisma antioqiis

Tavisi asaxva hpova mimarT

mTawmindelis wlebSi. mociquls. rom

cnobil pasuxebSi patriarqebi mizeziT, rom mTawmindelma namdvilad paeqrobidan

patriarqTa ar wyaros

ucxoeli im Ggiorgi

saqarTvelos saqarTveloSi werilobiTi avtokefaluri

avtokefalias uqadagnia

eWvqveS arc

ayenebdnen daamtkica,

swored

moSveliebiT

mociqulebma mTawmindeli

iqadages saqarTveloSi, es ki ukve TavisTavad niSnavda qarTuli eklesiis arsebobis ueWvelobas: giorgi

17

gamarjvebuli gamovida, radganac qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia daukavSira saqarTveloSi mociqulTa mier eklesiis dafuZnebas. iqve man ueWvelad

daasabuTa, rom Semdgomac, magaliTad, VIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia ara marto avtokefaluri iyo, aramed guTeTis episkopos ioanesac ki daasxa xeli misma meTaurma. pativcemuli oponenti brZanebs, rom arsebobs XII saukunis avtoris cnoba, TiTqosda 1143 wlisaTvis helespontos amisiis saepiskoposo iyo iberia, rac, cxadia, eWvqveS ayenebs Cveni eklesiis avtokefalias. uTvalavi dokumenti da wyaro arsebobs XII saukuneSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli cnoba ar unda davukavSiroT saqarTvelos eklesias. jer kidev kaTalikos-patriarqi kirion II msgavs cnobebs ukavSirebda iberiis Tems, romelic arsebobda bizantiis imperiaSi. rogorc cnobilia, iberiis Temi, anu iberiis sakatepano Seiqmna keisar basili II-is dros, masSi qarTul miwebTan erTad Siraqis samefoc moeqca qalaq anisiT. am iberiis TemSi samwyso, Cans, dayofili iyo sxvadasxva iurisdiqciis mixedviT. TviT anisSic qarTuli

episkoposi ijda, iberiis TemSi qarTulTan erTad, cxadia, arsebobda somxuri saepiskoposoebic, cxadia iyo berZnuli saepiskoposoebic. unda vifiqroT, rom XII saukunis aRniSnuli cnoba Seexeba iberiis Temis im berZnul saepiskoposos, romelic helespontos amasias eqvemdebareboda. rac Seexeba cnobas 381 wlis II msoflio krebis aqtebSi amasias pontos

eparqiis warmomadgenlis iberiis episkopos pantofiles Sesaxeb, unda iTqvas, rom radganac qarTulma wyaroebma ar icis aseTi saxelis mqone episkoposi, igi ar unda yofiliyo qarTlis episkoposi, Tumca veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents, rom am mxriv kvleva unda gagrZeldes. 8. qalbatoni giuli eris Cemeul SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT brZanebs, rom Znelia gaiziaro avtoris azri qarTveli eris aseTi siZvelis Sesaxeb. pirvelsaukuneTa ganxilvis dros sityva ~erSi~ me ar vgulisxmob eris

Tanamedrove gagebas, aramed Cemi TvalsazrisiT, esaa xalxi, romelsac ukve sakuTari qarTvelobis TviTSegneba aqvs. farnavazis droindeli saqarTvelos mosaxleobis erovnuli TviTSegneba mematianis TvalsazrisiT imdenad mtkiced aris Camoyalibebuli, rom egrisis mmarTveli quji ucxadebs mcxeTeli mamasaxlisis memkvidre farnavazs - ~Sen xar Svili TavTa maT qarTlisaTa da Sen gmarTebs ufloba Cemi... Sen xar ufali~.

18

anda kidev ufro meti quji ambobs - ~gamovCndeT mtrad azonisa, maSin ganixaron yovelTa qarTvelTa~. Eegrisis erisTavis azriT, TviTon igi masTan

erTad egriselebic ~yovelTa qarTvelTa~ erTi nawilia. Mmsgavsi Sexedulebaa daculi vaxtang gorgaslis cxovrebaSic. Aam mefis siymawvilisas berZnebma mis samefos CamoaWres teritoria egriswylidan vidre cixe-gojamde. Eegrisis am teritoriis dakargvas, mematianes sityviT, iglovebda ~yoveli qarTveli~.

avtori wers: ~berZenTa daipyres egriswyalTagan vidre cixe-gojamde, maSin iqmna glova da wuxili yovelTa qarTvelTa da ityodes: ~ganmavravleT codva RvTisa mimarT... migvcna Cven wartyvevnad ucxoTa naTesavTa da migviRo Cven sazRvari berZenTagan... ese... iqmna... erisa codvaTagan... winamRvrebiTa jvarisaTa ... viZioT Cven Suri... vZebneT sazRvari qarTlisa berZenTagan~ (q.c. I, gv 146), amnairad aSkaraa, rom egriselebs TavianTi Tavi qarTvelebad miaCniaT, egrisis erTi nawilis dakargvas mTeli qarTveli xalxi ganicdis V saukunis dasawyisSi da miiCnevs, rom am teritoriis dakargva moxda ~eris codvaTa~ gamo. romel xalxs gulisxmobs ucxo mematiane mier~. mis mier moxmobil Cans, rom sityvaTa mematianis ~erSi?~ azriT cxadia, V mTel

qarTvel xalxs, maT Soris egriselebs upirvelesad, romelnic ~warityvevna naTesavTa Aaqedan saukuneSi Tavisi egrisiTgan vidre somxeT-albaneTamde mcxovreb xalxs hqonda

qarTvelobis erovnuli TviTSegneba. msgavsi suraTi aqvs daxatuli arsen bersac, wminda ninos cxovrebis erTerT eyrdnoba, redaqtors. aseTia: Mmisi arian cnoba, romelic, cxadia, ~moqcevai xalxi qarTlisais~ ara marto

qarTlidan gansaxlda,

Camosaxlebuli aramed

aRmosavleT

saqarTveloSi

dasavleT

saqarTveloSic,

egrisSic. arsenis azriT, qveynis orive nawilSi erTi xalxi cxovrobs. maT aerTianebT ara marto eTnikuri erTianoba, aramed enobrivic. arseni wers: ~Cven, qarTvelebi, Svilni varT arian qarTliT gamosulTani da maTi ena uwyiT~ (Zv. qarT agiogr. lit. Zegl. III, gv. 47). esaa ena albaneTamde damkvidrda. cxadia, Cven SeiZleba ar daveTanxmoT arsen bers ~arian qarTlidan~ qarTvelTa gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb, magram CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi mTavaria Zveli qarTveli meistories erTi Tvalsazrisi, erTi rom egriswylidan saxalxo, albaneTsomxeTamde cxovrobs xalxi, saerTo saliteraturo, xalxisa, romelic egriswylidan

saxelmwifo saeklesio eniT.

19

9.

qalbatoni

giulis

Semdegi

SeniSvna

Seexeba

werilobiT

da

zepir

tradicias qristes samsWvalTa manglisis taZarSi

dacvis Sesaxeb. am SeniSvnas

mTlianad viziareb, magram, albaT, wyaroTa cnobebis sxvadasxvaoba ferxTa ficrisa da samsWvalTa adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb gamowveulia imiT, rom es siwmindeebi VII saukuneSi herakle keisarma gaitana saqarTvelodan. mematiane wers - ~erekle mefeman warixuna manglisiT da eruSeTiT ferxTa ficarni da samsWualni uflisa Cuenisa iesos qristesni, romeli mocemul iyvnes

konstantinesagan mirianisada~ (q.c. I, gv. 228), Semdgom saukuneebSi qarTvelebma daibrunes es siwmindeebi, da Cans, amis Semdeg manglisSi daasvenes ~samsWvalni uflisani~, rogorc samarTlianadac SeniSnavs qalbatoni giuli, Tumca sxva cnobebiT aq ~ferxTa ficarni~ esvena. 10. pativcemuli oponenti Cemi mosazrebis Sesaxeb, rom wmida ninos naambobis Cawerisas salome ujarmels unda esargebla ~an qarTuli, an berZnuli an kidev arabuli anbaniT~ - wers, ~aq sasurveli iyo ufro mkafio pozicia~. es sakiTxi me vrclad maqvs ganxiluli Cemi eklesiis istoriis I tomSi, saeklesio tradicia mxars uWers qarTuli mwignobrobis farnavazis epoqaSi Camoyalibebis qristianobis Teorias, rac, cxadia, aRiarebis anbansac Semdeg Seexeba. safiqrebelia, iqna da rom, igi rogorc Teimuraz batoniSvili wers, qurumTawreSi dafarulad arsebuli anbani sarwmunoebad reformirebul

gamoiyenes qarTuli eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis. 11. qalbatoni giuli marTalia, roca brZanebs, rom wyaroTa Sinaars zogjer gadmovcem mTlianad, SeniSvnebis gareSe, imisaTvis, raTa mkiTxvels gavacno saistorio Txzulebis erTiani Sinaarsi, magram momdevno paragrafSi wyaroebSi arsebuli anaqronizmebis Sesaxeb gamovTqvam kritikul SeniSvnebs. 12. qalbatoni giuli wers: ~damajerebelia azri imis Sesaxeb, rom VII s. damdegs heraklem ris saqarTvelos gamoc ~zRvispireTi uSualoT am SeuerTa nawilze bizantiis saeklesio Tu

saxelmwifos, iurisdiqcia CemTvis SeiZleba

dasavleT

saqarTvelos

ganaxorciela Zvirfasia,

konstantinepolis radganac am faqtis

sapatriarqom, aRiarebiT

gaviTvaliswinebT, rom elinizacia swored herakles ukavSirdeba~. es Sefaseba gansakuTrebiT gavigoT advilad am suraTi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis aRdgenisa

aneqsirebul zRvispira teritoriaze VIII-X saukuneebSi. mematiane VII saukunis procesebis aRweris dros erTad moixseniebs rogorc am teritoriis aneqsias,

20

ise aRniSnuli siwmindeebis

gatacebas herakle keisris mier, maT erTi wyaro

aqvT, amitomac erTad movixseniebT. 13. pativcemuli oponentis mosazrebiT 1045-49 wlebSi Tbilisis qarTveli mefisaTvis gadacemisas naxsenebi ~Tbileli berebi~ arian ara sasuliero pirebi, aramed vaWar-xelosanTa fena. pativcemul oponents movaxseneb, rom es Cemi kvlevis areali ar aris. me veyrdnobi profesor prokofi ratianis mosazrebas, romelic damajereblad meCvena. moviyvan giorgi III-is dros sadao qalaq anisisaTvis brZolis magaliTs. anisis sasuliero wodeba mefes. rom da episkoposi momxre III-m iyvnen didi pirTa imisa, TanxiT rom qalaqi

gadacemoda SesaZleblad

qarTvel

Aamitom anisel

giorgi

gamoisyida (1174-75). Cven Tbilel

episkoposis Zma tyveobidan, Semdeg ki igi anisis amirad daniSna migvaCnia, sasuliero

msgavsad

sasuliero pirebsac SeeZloT sadavo dedaqalaqi mefisaTvis gadaecaT. 14. qalbatoni giuli brZanebs: ~mkvlevari Tavis mosazrebas, rom daviTis

dros ~Camoyalibda Teokratiulis msgavsi qarTuli saxelmwifo~ asabuTebs, magram am azris gaziareba misi argumentaciiT Znelia. cxadia saxelmwifo me ar vamtkiceb, rom daviT iyo, aRmaSeneblis magram dros qarTuli mkvlevaris Teokratiuli saxisa zogierTi

TvalsazrisiT qarTul eklesias gaaCnda garkveuli saxelmwifoebrivi Tvisebebi. ivane javaxiSvili wers: ~saqarTvelos saxelmwifo, cxovrebasa da eklesias, iseve rogorc romis eklesias gansakuTrebuli upiratesobani

weswyobilebaSi

hqonda mopovebuli da miniWebuli, romelTa wyalobiTac mas marto wminda saeklesio dawesebulebis iman, rom xasiaTi qarTul ki ar hqonda, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulisa sistemas da sxeulisa da erTeulis Tvisebebic moepoveboda~ (t. VI, 1982, gv.67). albaT, erTeulis Taviseburi (saSinao, eklesias qarTul saxelmwifoebrivi saxelmwifoebriv ZiriTadi Tvisebebi xasiaTi. moepoveboda, daviT samxedro) misca

aRmaSenebelma uSualod

saxelmwifo ierarqs

uwyebani vazirs

finansTa,

Caabara

eklesiis

Wyondidel episkoposs, mwignobarTuxucess ekava umaRlesi sasamarTlo-saajo kari. ivane javaxiSvili wers - ~Wyondideli mwignobarTuxucesi da vazirTa upirvelesi faqtiurad mefis moadgile da saxelmwifos mTeli marTva gamgeobis namdvili saWeTmpyrobeli iyo, romelsac ~karis garigeba~ mefis mamasac ki uwodebs~ (t. VII, 1984, gv. 113). Semdgom moxda ise, rom Tamaris mefobis

21

dasawyisSi

kaTalikosma

miqaelma

Tavis

xelSi

aiRo amis

zemoT gamo

aRniSnuli igi, niko

Tanamdebobani

Wyondidel-mwignobaruxucesoba.

berZeniSvilis sityviT, ~faqtiuri gamge unda gamxdariyo samefosi~ (n. berZen. t. IX, 1979, gv. 198). aman ki Searyia mefis uflebani. ivane javaxiSvili ganagrZobs: ~miqaels, viTarca erTdroulad eklesiis mesaWesa da amave dros vazirTa upirveless, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis xelSi Cagdebac surda. mis daukiTxavad mefes araferi ar unda gaekeTebina, amitom miqaels, amieridan TviT mefezec ki Zala da xelisuflba eqneboda... miqaeli saero-saxelmwifo da

saeklesio xelisuflebis mqonebeli da gamaerTianebeli iyo... es garemoeba saxelmwifosa da saero cxovrebaSi aucileblad eklesiis gabatonebas moaswavebda... es saistorio mecnierebaSi wodebuls cezaropapizms udrida da romis eklesiis uflebriv Semecnebas miemsgavseboda~ (t.VII, gv. 115) aseT viTarebaSi ki safuZveli Caeyara eklesiis ierarqebis saxelmwifo sistemis meTaurebad gadaqcevis Semdeg, rac daviTis dros moxda. amitomac vwerdiT, rom iyo Camoyalibda ara amitomac Teokratiuli, aramed masTan mimsgavsebuli kaTalikosis aRniSnuli mtaceblobis

saxelmwifoebrivi sistema. unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli eklesiisaTvis miuRebeli cezaropapizmi, miqael Sesakaveblad Tamaris dros moiwvies sagangbo saeklesio kreba, romelmac dagmo miqaelis qmedeba, magram misTvis saxeloebis CamorTmeva ver SeZlo. 15. aTabagobis institutTan dakavSirebiT veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents, iyo. maT Soris, albaT, Sua wlebidan aSkarad

rom saqarTvelos dasustebis mizezebi bevrad Rrma erTerTi iyo aTabagis saxelos SemoReba, XII s.

gamoikveTa maTi separatistuli tendenciebi. 16. qalbatoni giuli wers: ~naSromSi aRniSnulia, TiTqos Temur lengma Camoasaxla osebi saqarTveloSi~, amasTanave ar aris miTiTebuli wyaro, ramdenadac viciT. am cnobis wyaro arc arsebobs~. pativcemul oponents movaxseneb, rom vaxuSti batoniSvilis mixedviT, is teritoria, romelsac Semdgom CerqezeTi ewoda, Tavdapirvelad dasaxlebuli yofila osebiT, maT Sesaxeb vaxuSti wers: ~Semdgomad lang-Temurisa emZlvren ovsTa iqiT TaTarxani da aqeT langTemuris elni mahmadianni da ovsni Semoiltvodnen kavkasiasa Sina da daipyres kavkasTa naTesavni, romel arian dualni~ (q.c. IV, gv.655).

22

maSasadame, istorikosis sityviT, osebis ZiriTadi nakadi dvaleTSi Sevida Temur-lengis Semdgom Crdilokavkasiis baridan maTi gaZevebis Sedegad. dvaleTi ki mudamJams saqarTvelos saxelmwifos nawili iyo. vaxuStis sityviT, osebma SeZles damorCilebuli dvalebis gaoseba, Semdgom gaosebuli dvalebi TandaTan qarTlis mTianeTsa da barSic damkvidrdnen. dvaleTi qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan erTad SeierTa ruseTis imperiam da amitom dvaleTi e.w. nar-mamisonis qvabuli XIX s.-Sic ki Tbilisis guberniis nawils Seadgenda. mxolod am saukunis 50-ian wlebSi CamoaSores unda igi Tbilisis gubernias. amitomac osebis dvaleTSi

Casaxleba 17.

CaiTvalos maT saqarTveloSi Casaxlebad, romelic TemurSeniSvna rom pativcemuli rostom qveyana mefis oponentisa dros Seexeba rostom mefis da

lengis Semdeg momxdara vaxuStis sityviT. Semdgomi Sefasebis sakiTxs. aRsaniSnavia, kulturulad qarTli magram ekonomikurad miuxedavad

gaZlierda,

damSvidda,

amisa,

saqarTvelos eklesia diasamiZes, Seipyro,

rostomis moRvaweobas uaryofiTad afasebda Semdegi cixeSi daaxrCobina da Semdeg cixis koSkidan

mizezebis gamo. man xeli Seaxo saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis evdemoz gadmoagdebina. es gaugonari ambavi iyo qarTvelTaTvis. kaTalikosi evdemosi qarTuli eklesiis wmindania Tavdadebuli sarwmunoebis gamo. ufro adre meore kaTalikoss, sakaTalikoso cnobil taxti. moRvawes, magram kidev zaqarias, ufro rostomma xazgasasmeli aseve daatovebina is, rom

momentia

saxelmwifoSi mTavari, upiratesi eklesiis adgili, romelic Cvens eklesias eWira meoTxe saukunidan anulirebul iqna rostomis dros. rostomma gaauqma qarTuli eklesiis upiratesoba rostomma saqarTveloSi pirvelad arsebul sxva araerovnul daamcro eklesiebTan SedarebiT. aTaswleulis Semdeg

saqarTvelos eklesia, uflebrivad igi gauTanabra sxva, ukve momZlavrebul eklesiebs. rostomis politika aqac kompromisuli iyo, oRond qarTuli

eklesiis uflebaTa sazianod. igi, viTarca iraneli moxele, valdebuli iyo mzrunveloba gamoeCina somxuri eklesiis mimarT, loialuri yofiliyo romis eklesiis warmomadgenelTa mimarTac da, amasTanave, rogorc qarTveli mefe valdebuli iyo mzrunveloba gamoemJRavnebina qarTuli eklesiis mimarTac (mcxeTis taZris gumbaTis ageba, sionis restavracia), magram mis dros daikarga

eklesiis mTavari ufleba, qarTuli eklesia uflebrivad gauTanabrda sxva

23

araqarTul

eklesiebs da man dakarga qveyanaSi umTavresi da upirvelesi

eklesiis adgili. amasTanave, mematianis sityviT, rostomis dros miiRo tyveTa syidvam ukve Camoyalibebuli saxe. kerZod, Tu ki iqamde, mahmadianTa moTxovniT qarTveli mefeebi maT xarkis saxiT ugzavnidnen araqarTul tyveebs, axla rostomma tyveebad ~gamoiyvana qarTvelTa glexTa, aznaurTa, didebulTa asulni da Zeni da mas gaugzavnida, amieridan daidva ese da yovlni mefeni saqarTvelosani esreT hyofden, vidre modReindel dRemde~ (q.c. II. gv. 425). mematianis sityviT, rostomis dros ~mouZlurda sjuli da ganiryvna wesi eklesiisa, rameTu arRa

eZieben suliersa, aramed xorcTaTvis zrunvidnen yovelnive~ (gv. 425). Seicvala erovnuli wes-Cveulebebi da tradiciebi: ~mas Jamsa iwyo qarTlis wesman da rigman gardacvaleba~ (gv. 424). mis dros ~gaZlierdnen TaTarni da kadnierebdnen qarTvelTa zeda~. ra Tqma unda, didad dasafasebelma da qveynisaTvis sasargeblo

ekonomikurma aRmavlobam moiTxova vaWar-xelosanTa ricxvis mkveTri gazrda. imdroindeli viTarebis Sesabamisad es fena somxur-monofizituri aRmsareblobisa unda yofiliyo. qarTvelTa eklesiis uflebaTa SekvecasTan erTad, albaT, aRniSnulic iyo erTerTi mizezi, imisa, rom TviTmxilvelis TqmiT, rostomis dros yoveldRiurad mravali qarTveli iRebda monofizitur sarwmunoebas. swored ase ganacxada qarTvelma episkoposma nikoloz ColoyaSvilma rostomis karze sasamarTlo procesis dros, kerZod, man brZana: ~yoveldRe Cvenis TvaliT vxedavT, rom mravalni qarTvelni somxdebian~ (m. TamaraSvili, istoria kaTolikobisa, gv. 127). vaxuStis istoriis arsebuli 1908 wlis erTi CanarTis mixedviT am dros Tbilisis mmarTveloba CamoerTva qarTvel SoiS baraTaSvils da gadaeca somex baadur Tumanians (q.c. IV. gv. 445). marTalia, es ukanasknelic eTnikuri warmoSobiT qarTveli unda

yofiliyo da mxolod aRmsareblobiT ~somexi~, magram am momentis Semdeg TbilisSi somxuri eklesiis mrevli Zalze gaizarda, cxadia, qarTuli eklesiis sazaralod. rac Seexeba meCeTebis mSeneblobas, mematianes sityviT, meCeTebi auSenebiaT rostomis dros Tbilisis cixeSi, meore augiaT xevis gamoRma, erTic samefo sasaxleSi da agreTve qalaqis mTavar baRSi. Tumca, albaT, cxadia, pativiscemas imsaxurebs rostomis moRvaweoba qveynis dasamSvideblad.

24

18. mTlianad veTanxmebi qalbaton giulis Sefasebas farsadan gorgijaniZis didi Rvawlis Sesaxeb. me misi moxsenieba damWirda mxolod epoqis suraTis dasaxatavad da gavimeore ivane javaxiSvilis sityvebi mis Sesaxeb: ~swored ganmacvifrebeli da daujerebeli ramaa, rom saistorio cnobebi imdroindel saqarTvelos ganaTlebul wreebs, romelTa ricxvs ekuTvnoda rostom mefis maxlobeli kaci, istorikosi farsadan gorgijaniZe, maxinjaT hqoniaT

dazepirebuli... vaxtang gorgasali mirian mefis Svili iyoo. es SemTxveviTi Secdoma ar aris, avtori sruliad darwmunebuli yofila, rom mirian mefe vaxtang gorgasalis mama iyo. aseT maRalxarisxovan da mefis maxlobel

moxeles da istorikoss, rogoric iyo farsadan gorgijaniZe, ase domxaliviT hqonia areuli samSoblo qveynis warsuli da Tavgadasavali... maSin danarCens xalxs Cveulebrivs, SuaTana SeZlebisa da codnis patrons, raRa warmodgena unda hqonoda? rasakvirvelia araferi (t. VIII, gv. 289). rogorc dasaxatad, aRvniSne, aRniSnulis ufro gadmocema mesaWiroeboda momdevno im fonis

romelzec

gamoCndeboda

rostomis

qarTlis

mmarTvel muxranel bagrationTa didi mamuliSviloba da samecniero muSaoba, me vgulisxmob giorgi XI-s, arCil mefes, vaxtang VI-s, anton kaTalikoss, vaxuStisa da am saxelovani ojaxis sxva wevrebs, am ojaxTan daaxloebul pirTa gasaocar mamuliSvilobasa, Rvawlsa da codnas, romelTa wreSic warmoiSva idea saqarTvelos ~gamoxsnisa da aRdgomisa~. sabolood, unda iTqvas, rom mTlianad viziareb qalbaton giulis im SeniSvnebs, romelTac amJamad ar vpasuxob, gansakuTrebiT ki mosazrebebs

TariRebTan dakavSirebiT. Tu xelmeored gamoicema aRniSnuli wigni aRniSnuli SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT igi ufro daxvewil saxes miiRebs. uRrmesad vmadlob da vlocav Zvirfas qalbaton giulis im didi SromisaTvis, romelic gawia Cemi naSromis gansaxilvelad. gmadlobT.

25

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtor vaxtang goilaZis recenzia mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromze ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII_XVIII ss.)~

saqarTvelos avtoria.

sapatriarqos

wminda

sinodis

wevri,

walka-manglisis

eparqiis mTavarepiskoposi meufe anania jafariZe ukve mravali monografiis mas, rogorc sasuliero moRvawesa da saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis mier samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili gamokvlevis (romlis ori tomi mkvlevars, kargad icnobs qarTveli mkiTxveli da samecniero sazogadoeba. anania jafariZis

naSromi mis mier Sesrulebuli uzarmazari

gamoqveynda 1996, 1998 wlebSi) mokle variantia. amTaviTve minda aRvniSno, rom mTavarepiskopos warmodgenili aRemateba anania naSromi, jafariZis Sinaarsis debulebiT mier samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad sakiTxTa

mravalferovnebiT, sakandidato

ganxilul

nusxiT, rac mTavaria moculobiT (igi 320 nabeWd gverds moicavs), bevrad saatestacio xarisxis mosapoveblad gaTvaliswinebuli naSromis raodenobas. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis aseTi vrceli da yovlismomcveli gamokvleva qarTul

istoriografiaSi pirvelad Seiqmna da am metad saintereso naSromis avtori, rogorc iTqva, sasuliero piria. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi arian kadrebi, romelTac unari SeswevT aRadginon is tradicia, roca qarTveli sasuliero moRvaweebi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli monografiebis avtorebad gvevlinebodnen. sakvalifikacio naSromi mravalricxovan wyarosa dasmuli da da samecniero ganxiluli literaturaze sakiTxebi dayrdnobiTaa ananias saistorio masSi

Sesrulebuli.

meufe

saqarTvelos

istoriis

Semadgenel nawilebad miaCnia. rogorc igi wers: ~qarTveli gaviziarebT qarTuli eklesiis monawileobis gareSe da qarTuli eklesiisa aris istoria qarTveli qristiani erisa.

eris istorias ver piriqiT, istoria

marTalia, - dasZens meufe anania, - qarTvel xalxs erovnuli erTianobis Segneba ukve qristianobamde didi xniT adre hqonda, magram imis Semdeg, rac yovelma qarTvelma qristianuli sarwmunoeba miiRo da Seiyvara, eris istoria qarTuli eklesiis gareSe warmoudgenelia~ (gv. 287). saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg, rogorc cnobilia,

interesi qarTuli eklesiis warsulisadmi gansakuTrebiT gaizarda, aRaraa is

26

viTareba, romelic aferxebda erovnuli eklesiis istoriis kvlevas. Tu ar CavTvliT calkeul saJurnalo gamokvlevebs an monografiaTa calkeul Tavebs, romelTa avtorebi arian: iv. javaxiSvili, k. kekeliZe, b. lominaZe, z. aleqsiZe da sxvani, sabWoebis samocdaaTwliani diqtaturis xanaSi qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb arcerTi monografia ar gamocemula. warmodgenili sadisertacio naSromi ki saSualebas gvaZlevs Tvali gavadevnoT saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesiis istorias qristianobis pirveli saukuneebidan dRemde. masSi dasmuli da gaanalizebuli sakiTxebi saTanado donezea Sesrulebuli. ase, rom naSromis aqtualoba eWvs ar iwvevs. sagangebod unda aRiniSnos naSromis wyaroTmcodneobiTi baza. avtori Rrmad icnobs disertaciaSi analizisa da konkretul ganxiluli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb arsebul qarTul sakiTxTa Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi da ucxoenovan saistorio wyaroebs. maT cnobebs iyenebs saTanado kritikuli

gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis mier kvlevisas miRebuli winaSea araerTi daskvna originaluri alRoze rTuli da da sayuradReboa. unarze romelsac axleburad

yovelive

aRniSnuli Cvens

disertantis eklesiis

mecnierul araerTi

kvlevis

migviTiTebs. xelewifeba warmoaCinos.

gamobrZmedili

istorikosi-mkvlevari, sakiTxi

saqarTvelos

qarTuli

eklesiis

istoria, nawilia

rogorc da

aRiniSna, sadisertacio

qarTuli naSromSi

saxelmwifoebrivobis

istoriis

saqarTvelos samociquli eklesiis istoria saqarTvelos istoriasTan mWidro kavSirSi erT-erT da mis fonzea gamocemuli. aRniSnuli garemoeba, vfiqrob, naSromis Rirsebad unda CaiTvalos. adreqristianuli xanidan moyolebuli

dRemde araa darCenili, rogorc saqarTvelos, ise qarTuli eklesiis istoriis metad Tu naklebad aqtualuri problema, romlis Sesaxebac disertants Tavisi Tvalsazrisi ara hqondes gamoTqmuli, kvlevis mizani da amocana meufe ananias ase aqvs gansazRvruli: eklesiis I. saqarTvelos nawils, eklesia amitom warmoadgens misi istoria msoflio msoflio

(sayovelTao)

ganuyofel

eklesiis istoriasTan kavSirSi unda ganvixiloT. II. miuxedavad imisa, rom qristianuli eklesiis istoria saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebaTa jgufSi Sedis, igi saero mecnierebacaa, amitom saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria qarTveli eris istoriis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens. III. saero istoriisagan gansxvavebiT

27

eklesiis istoria xalxis sulieri gadarCenisaTvis gaweul Rvawls warmoaCens. eklesiis istorikoss evaleba Sekribos saWiro faqtebi da istoriuli

monacemebi, kritikulad Seiswavlos isini, daadginos maTi namdviloba, ukuagdos nayalbevi, aCvenos saeWvo, amis Semdeg ki yvela mopovebuli masala mkacri qronologiuri TanmidevrobiT gadmosces (gv. 107-108). dRemde, rogorc cnobilia, ar iyo Seqmnili saqarTvelos eklesiis

istoria uZvelesi xanidan Cvens dromde, amitom, cxadia, misi periodizaciiT arc aravin dainteresebula. sadisertacio naSromSi am mxriv pirveli gadadgmuli. meufe ananias Tanaxmad, msoflio eklesiis nabijia

msgavsad qarTuli

eklesiis istoriac sam Zvel, Sua da axal periodebad unda daiyos. pirveli periodi moicavs xanas I saukunidan XI s. 80-ian wlebamde. Sua periodi XI s. 80iani wlebidan XVIII s. bolomde da axali xana XIX s. 10-iani wlebidan dRemde (gv. 110). TiToeuli periodi, Tavis mxriv, ramdenime qveetapadaa dayofili (gv. 110-113) da disertaciaSi Txroba am periodebis mixedviTaa gadmocemuli (gv. 114 da Semdeg). axla rac Seexeba naSromis Sinaarss. disertaciis paragrafi ~qarTveli xalxis momzadeba macxovris misaRebad~ (gv. 159-161) kargi magaliTia imisa, bibliuri cnobebi rogor SeiZleba gamoviyenoT saqarTvelos uZvelesi, kerZod, amierkavkasiasa da wina aziaSi skviTebisa da kimerielebis laSqrobis

Tanadrouli istoriis aRsadgenad. rogorc meufe anania wers, udidesi winaswarmetyvelis ezekielis piriT gamoTqmuli

~Zveli aRTqma uflis sityva

qarTvelTa winaprebisac Tubals, meSeqsa da Togormasac Seexo~. Zvel ebraelTa erT-erTi winaswarmetyveli ezekieli, rogorc cnobilia, nabuqodonosor meorem (604-562) 586 wels ierusalimis aRebis Semdeg mraval ebraelTan erTad babilonSi gadaasaxla. mis winaswarmetyvelebaSi miTiTebulia momavalSi iudevelTa mtrebis damarcxebis Sesaxeb (qse, t.4, st. ezekieli. avt. mz. SaniZe). meufe ananias Tanaxmad, romelnic israelze laSqrobis gamo

daisajnen (gv. 139). CrdiloeTis tomebis laSqrobis Sesaxeb ieremia winaswarmetyvelic wers: ~aha movuxmob am CrdiloeTis yvela rogorc toms, ambobs ufali, da avamxedreb yvela am rom qveyanaze, mis mcxovreblebze da irgvliv yvela xalxze (ieremia, 25,9). laSqrobisaTvis, winaswarmetyvelebi werdnen, daisajon, maT Soris qarTvelTa is winaprebi, romlebic samxreTSi cxovrobdnen

28

meufe ananias

Tanaxmad, evsevi kesarielis im cnobidan, romelSic moTxrobilia

nabuqodonosoris mier iberielTa damarcxebis, datyvevebisa da gadasaxlebis Sesaxeb (gv. 141). Zv. w. VIII s. 30-ian wlebSi, rogorc cnobilia, meotidis gziT Semosulma skviTebma da kimerielebma jer kolxeTis samefo gaanadgures, Semdeg ki wina aziiis saxelmwifoebs didi ziani miayenes. maTi laSqrobis damangreveli Zala sul ufro da ufro didi xdeboda, radgan gzadagza damarcxebul xalxebs m.S. qarTvelTa winaprebsac ierTebdnen. amis Sesaxeb qarTul istoriografiaSi

miTiTebuli iyo (g. meliqiSvilis saq. ist. nark. I, gv. 394), magram bibliaze dayrdnobiT meufe ananiam es pirvelma gaakeTa. kimerielTa laSqrobaSi qarTvelTa winaprebic rom monawileobdnen, amis dasturad meufe ananias motanili aqvs winaswarmetyvel ezekielis sityvebi: ~uTxari, ase ambobda ufali RmerTi: aha, Senze var gog, roSis, muSeqis da Tubilis mTavari! gagabruneb da ybaSi Cangals amogdeb. Togoris saxls CrdiloeTis kideebidan mTeli Tavisi urdoTi, uricxvi xalxurT SenTan erTad (32,96). am cnobis Semdeg meufe ananias moaqvs Teodorite kvirilis ganmarteba ~georgikidan~ (t.I, gv. 223), rom ~gog da magog skviTuri tomebia, xolo mosox, amboben kapadokulebi ariano, Tobil ki iberielebio da ambobs, isini skviTebTan erTad laSqrobdnen... mieRoT omSi~. meufe ananias mier Teodorites cnobis saTanado bibliur monacemebze dayrdnobiT gamoyenebam axali niuansi SesZina Zv. w. VIII s. bibliaSi kargadaa asaxuli kimerielTa laSqrobebSi qarTvelTa mociqulTa xanebamde mociqulTa winaprebis Tobalebisa da muSqebis monawileoba. sadisertacio naSromis erT-erT siaxled unda CaiTvalos droindeli yuradReba saqarTvelos ar eqceoda. istoriis I-II siebSi gadmocema. rasac am bolo winaswarmetyveli iZulebuli gaxdes monawileoba

saqarTvelos

teritoriaze

mimosvlisa da qadagebis Sesaxeb Zvel wyaroebSi arsebuli masala, mas Semdeg rac 1900 wels iv. javaxiSvilma andria pirvelwodebulis qarTlSi Semosvla uaryo (im xanad aseTi Sexeduleba mxolod patrma avrelio palmierim ar gaiziara), ase, siRrmiT aravis ukvlevia. ax. w. I-II s-ebis saqarTvelos istoriis es metad mniSvnelovani sakiTxi uyuradRebod iyo mitovebuli. ra Tqma unda, yovelive imaze, rac saqarTvelos istoriasa da qarTuli eklesiis fesvebis

29

kvlevas naTels mohfens, uaris Tqma ar SeiZleba. umciresi masalac ki saTanado gaanalizebis Semdeg qarTuli kulturis samsaxurSi unda iqnas Cayenebuli. swored am mxriv miudga meufe anania saqarTveloSi sakiTxs. saqarTveloSi mociqulTa Semosvlis Sesaxeb, garda imisa, rom debejiTebiT miuTiTebs qarTuli werilobiTi saistorio tradicia, am faqtis Sesaxeb garkveuli miTiTebebia Zvel berZen da laTin avtorebTan. amitom kargia, rom sadisertacio naSromSi es sakiTxi farTod da amomwuravadaa mociqulTa mociqulTa Semosvlis

warmodgenili.

detaluradaa

gaangariSebuli

saqarTveloSi

Semosvlis gzebi da maTi qadagebis geografiuli areali (gv. 148-153). unda aRvniSnoT, rom saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweobis sakiTxs me eWviT vuyurebdi, magram ar SeiZleba ar daeTanxmo meufe ananias mosazrebas, saqarTveloTi mociqulTa dainteresebas I-II s-ebSi qarTlis samefos siZlieres rom unda ganepirobebina. meufe anania aCvenebs, rom mociqulTa epoqaSi (I s. 30iani wlebidan II s. 60-iani wlebis CaTvliT) saqarTvelo sididiTa da simZlariT daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris saqarTvelos Seedreboda (gv. 148-149). swored aRniSnulis gamo iyoo ~romaeli istorikosebi tacitusi, dion kasiusi da sxvebi siamovnebiT rom UuTmobdnen cxovrebis TavianT TxzulebebSi adgils iberiis sisxlsavse aRweras, xolo Sua saukuneTa evropelebi antikuri drois iberias

ukeT rom cnobdnen, vidre TavianTi drois saqarTvelos~ (gv. 148). ikvlevs ra istoriuli saqarTvelos sakiTxs, sxvadasxva meufe dros anania askvnis: teritoriaze mociqulTa Semosvlis cnobebi mociqulebs: qadageba gvidastureben, andrias, rom

istorikosTa uqadagiaT

saqarTveloSi mociqulis

svimons, ar

mataTas, barTlomes, Tomas da Tadeozs (gv. 153). Semdeg iqve daaskvnis: ~Tormet mociqulTagan eqvsi saqarTveloSi gasaocrad mogveCveneba, Tu gavixsenebT, rom iberiis saxelmwifo mociqulTa dros mTel kavkasias da mcire aziis provinciebs moicavda... mcire azia ki qarTvelebiT iyo dasaxlebulio~ (gv. 153). marTlac, im vrcel teritorias Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, sadac Zvelad qarTveluri modgmis tomebi iyvnen gansaxlebulni, SeiZleba meufe ananias mtkicebaSi eWvi ar Segveparos. magaliTad, andria pirvelwodebuli sulac rom ar Semosuliyo sakuTriv qarTlis teritoriaze, misi trapizonSi yofna da qadageba (gv. 152), meore mxriv ki Zvel wyaroebSi trapizonis ~megrelTa

30

soflad~ da ~megrelTa qveynad~ moxsenieba, srul safuZvels gvaZlevs, andria qarTvelTa erT-erT ganmanaTleblad miviCnioT. albaT, ase unda mivudgeT sxva mociqulTa moRvaweobis sakiTxsac. aRniSnulTan erTad, simon kananelis

saflavi Tu axal aTonSi, mataTasi ki gonioSi imyofeba, maSin cxadia, I-II saukuneebis qarTlis samefo, saerTod qarTulenovani samyaro is mxare yofila, romelic qristes ananias mier mowafebis sayovelTao interess iwvevda. ase, rom meufe Sesaxeb motanili masalis safuZvelze miRebuli

mociqulTa

daskvnebi originaluria, ufro metic, saqarTveloSi mociqulTa moRvaweobis Sesaxeb naSromSi motanili masaliT meufe anania miznad isaxavs, sxva kidev ufro didi problemis gadawyvetas. kerZod, mociqulTa mier ax.w. I-II s-ebis saqarTveloSi qristianobis danergva meufe ananias safuZvels aZlevs mociqulTa droindeli saqarTvelos eklesia avtokefalurad miiCnios (gv. 154). naSromSi dasabuTebulia im droisaTvis aseTi gziT warmoqmnili eklesiis avtokefaluroba da Tanasworuflebianoba. saTanado masaliT Semagrebul aseT

mosazrebas avtori XII s. cnobili bizantieli kanonistis Teodore balsamonis komentariT adasturebs. adreqristianuli xanis am metad mniSvnelovan sakiTxs qvemoT kidev Sevexebi. axla ki oriod sityviT qarTlis moqcevis TariRze. saqarTvelos eklesiis gadmocemisas, ra Tqma unda, vercerTi mkvlevari gverds ver auvlis adreqristianuli saqarTvelos eklesiis iseT kardinalur sakiTxs, rogoricaa qarTlSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadeba. meufe ananiam es sakiTxi ganixila paragrafSi ~gza qristianobisa I saukunidan wminda ninomde~ (gv. 166-169). saqarTveloSi I s-dan rom qristianoba arsebobda, meufe ananias mtkicebiT, am mxriv saistorio wyaroTa cnobebiT gaTxrebiT mopovebuli masaliT dasturdeba. moqcevis misaRebad miaCnia. meufe anania kiTxvas svams: ~romel wels Semovida wminda nino arqeologiuri daTariReba Cemeburi

saqarTveloSi da gaaqristiana mTeli qarTveli xalxi? es saintereso sakiTxi, dasZens igi, - Zalze damajereblad gaarkvia istorikosma vaxtang goilaZem. misi msjelobis Tanaxmad, wm. nino saqarTveloSi 303 wels Semovida. 317/318 wlebSi qarTlis samefo karma qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiara, xolo 324 wels xalxi masiurad moinaTla. meufe anania iqve ganmartavs, rom qarTlis moqcevas 317 wliT aTariRebda vaxuSti bagrationi. mis Tvalsazriss iziarebda

31

d. baqraZe da iv. gvaramaZe. xolo p. ioselians, g. sabininsa da r. caamcievs qarTlis moqcevis TariRad 318 weli miaCniaTo da dasZens: 317/318 wels qarTlSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb v. goilaZis msjeloba Zalze damajerebelia, amitom unda aRdges vaxuSti bagrationis mier gamorkveuli TariRi da qarTlis moqceva 317/318 wlebiT daTariRdes, xolo qarTuli eklesiis organizacia da xalxis naTvla 324-326 wlebiT (gv. 169). naSromSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze, rogoricaa kaTalikosebad qarTvelebis dajdoma. vaxtang gorgasalsa da qarTlis eklesiis meTauris miqaels Soris momxdari konfliqtis gaanalizebis Semdeg meufe anania wers: vaxtang gorgasalma ineba, rom qarTuli eklesia e.i. mowyobiliyo, dedaqalaqis episkoposi, rogorc (mcxeTis) anu erTiani centralizebuli saqarTvelos pirvel gaxda. samamamTavro eklesiisaTvis kaTalikoss eklesia. episkoposi

sayovelTao petres

kaTalikosi ~aqedan iwyes

mamamTavari

ewodeba,

kaTalikosTa

mamamTavrobad~-o, dasZens meufe anania. naSromis IV TavSi ~qarTuli eklesia VI saukuneSi~ mravali masalaa motanili am saukuneSi qarTuli mdgomareobis saCveneblad. saubaria iranelTa mier qarTlSi mefobis gauqmebaze (gv. 202-206), axsnilia, Tu ratom mfarvelobda irani monofizitebs da, aqedan gamomdinare, somxur eklesias (gv. 203). ratom iyo saeklesio ena qarTuli hereTsa, gugarqsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi (gv. 207215). amave TavSi calke paragrafia ~asureli mamebi monofizitobis winaaRmdeg~ (gv. 6). aRniSnul mamebi paragrafSi meufe saqarTveloSi, anania wers: ~romel wels Camovidnen iyo

asureli

rogori

sarwmunoebivi

mimarTulebisa

qarTuli eklesia am dros da rogori mdgomareoba Seiqmna maTi moRvaweobis dasasruls? ai kiTxvebi, romlebic pasuxis gacemas moiTxoven (gv. 219) da pasuxobs, rom T. Jordania, iv. javaxiSvili da k. kekeliZe rusul istoriografiaSi asurel mamaTa Sesaxeb Seqmnil naSromebze dayrdnobiT, maT Semosvlas 540-iani wlebiT aTariRebeno (gv. 219). asureli mamebidan erTi mama antoni, marTlac, 544 wels Semovida qarTlSi, magram danarCenebze amas ver vityvi. isini qarTlSi Semovidnen ufro adre, farsman mefis dros 535 wlis xanaSi. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb am bolo xans gamoqveynda Cemi werili (~saidan da rodis movidnen asureli mamebi

32

saqarTveloSi~, ~mnaTobi, 1992 #5-6) da d. merkvilaZis broSura (asurel mamaTa qarTlSi mosvlis dro, Tb. 1996). mecxre TavSi - ~qarTuli eklesia XII saukuneSi~ gaanalizebulia daviT aRmaSeneblis xanis saqarTvelos saeklesio cxovreba, giorgi Wyondidelis naCvenebia, Tu ras unda gamoewvia legendis Seqmna mefemoRvaweoba. aqve

mRvdelmTavar ioaneze (gv. 221-225). amave TavSi araerTi saintereso paragrafia. mag., ~eklesia qarTuli qveynebis gamaerTianebeli~ (gv. 233). masSi aRniSnulia, rom ~saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde sxvadasxva qarTul politikur erTeulebs faqtobrivad qarTuli eklesia aerTianebda~ (gv. 236). amave TavSi mniSvnelovania ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebisadmi miZRvnili paragrafi. meufe ananias daskvniT, 1103 wels moxda ara saxelmwifos mier eklesiis uprecedento damorCileba, aramed Seikra raRac kavSiri saxelmwifosa da umaRles saeklesio mTavrobas Soris. Camoyalibda Teokratiulis msgavsi qarTuli saxelmwifo~ (gv. 240), rom DdaviT aRmaSeneblis dros ~saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sistemas saTaveSi Caudga oTxi monazoni, anu `oTxi beri~,

romlebic darbazis umaRlesi wevrebi iyvnen. ruis-urbisis krebis Semdeg, dasZens meufe anania, - marTalia, daviT aRmaSenebelma miaRwia imas, rom man moipova uflebebi eklesiaze (saq. ist. narkvevebi, III, gv. 216), magram, Tavis mxriv, eklesiam moipova uzenaesi ufleba emarTa saxelmwifo saqmeebi. maSasadame, daviT aRmaSenebelma es ori ~xeli~ gaaerTiana~ (iqve, gv. 218). meufe ananias naSromidan zemomotanili msjeloba, marTlac, imis naTeli magaliTia, rogorc TviT wers, qarTveli eris istorias qarTuli eklesiis istoriis gareSe rom ver gaviazrebT. naSromSi aseve kargadaa gaanalizebuli Tamar mefis xanis saeklesio cxovreba (gv. 245-212), qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba Semdeg saukuneebSi. aq yuradRebaa gamaxvilebuli, Tu erTiani qarTuli monarqiis daSlam rogor ganapiroba Temobrivi Segnebis aRorZineba (gv. 303 da Semdegi), saubaria

evropuli (kaTolikuri) da rusuli orientaciis da misi kraxis Sesaxeb (gv. 333339), rogor mimdinareobda brZola ~gamoxsnis~ da aRdgomisaTvis~ (gv. 329-332). naCvenebia, didi kaTolikosis anton I-is epoqa (gv. 354-356). saqarTvelos erTeulebis teritoriaze saubrisas warmoqmnili meufe anania, calkeuli vfiqrob, politikuri samarTlianad gaerTianebaze

askvnis, rom ~TviT saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde sxvadasxva qarTul politikur

33

erTeulebs qarTuli eklesia aerTianebda~ (gv. 236). es daskvna, rogorc vxedavT, qarTvelTa erovnuli erTianobis Sesaxeb X s. qarTuli mwerlis giorgi

merCules mowodebas ~qarTlad friadi qveyana...~ exmaureba da adasturebs. paragrafSi ~yivCaRTa Camosaxleba~ (gv. 233-240), meufe anania im daskvnamde midis, rom saqarTveloSi yivCaRebis asimilacia ar momxdara. rogorc am bolo xans profesorma jemal stefnaZem gaarkvia, yivCaRebi isev Crd. kavkasiaSi unda gabrunebuliyvnen (ix. misi, sad wavidnen yivCaRebi?, ~mnaTobi~, 1988 #4). gareSe ananias mtrebis Tavdasxmisagan qveynis dasustebis miuxedavad meufe

naCvenebi aqvs, rom XIV s. saqarTvelos monastrebSi SemoqmedebiTi

muSaoba grZeldeboda. am dros Seiqmna originaluri qarTuli Txzulebani luka ierusalimisa da nikoloz dvalis martvilobani, Sedga krebulebi, Segrovili iqna xelnawerebi (gv. 278). saqarTvelos eklesia siZlieres inarCunebda XV s-Sic. meufes sityviT, ~maSindel qveyanas~, gaxsnisas Sesabamisad msoflioSi amis gamo, saqarTvelos Semdeg saqarTvelos rom icnobdnen, rogorc did qristianul (1438-45) diptixis krebaSi

ferara-florenciis aleqsandriis, (gv. dgoma 286).

saeklesio

krebis da

warmomadgeneli dasves Semdeg

mitropoliti antioqiisa msoflio

sofroni saeklesio eklesiis

konstantinepolis,

ierusalimis

warmomadgenelTa aRmosavleTis miuTiTebs. deda

patriarqTa

saqarTvelos

siZliereze

eklesiisagan

samcxe-saaTabagos

eklesiis

gamosayofad

aTabagTa

(gansakuTrebiT mzeWabukis 1500-1515) mcdeloba, meufe ananias codva iyo. aTabagTa aseTi mcdelobis gamo mTeli eklesiaSi dasvenebuli sruliad saqarTvelos

Tanaxmad, didi

qarTveli eri dazaralda, mfarveli yovlad wminda

mesxeTis didi nawili CamoSorda deda eklesias. andria mociqulis mier awyuris

RmrTismSoblis xati im xanad rom mxolod samcxis mosaxleobis saTemo xatad iqna miCneuli, meufe ananias Tanaxmad, es im epoqaSi erovnuli erTianobis grZnobis ~erovnuli dakninebiT iyo gamowveuli upirveles (gv. 295). Temobriobis saWiro iyo aRorZinebam qristianuli qarTvelobas safuZveli gamoacala (gv. 317). amitom, meufe ananias daskvniT, gadarCenisaTvis, yovlisa, sarwmunoebis dacva da gaZliereba saqarTvelos samociqulo marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa~ (gv. 329).

34

aseTi Znelbedobis Jams calkeul saqarTveloebad danawilebuli qveynis saepiskoposoebi kvlav rCebodnen kulturis centrebad (gv. 342), qarTuli

eklesiis istoriaSi yizilbaSobis

mniSvnelovan Semobrunebad meufe anania osmalobisa da

Semdeg mcxeTaSi qristianuli wesiT Teimuraz II-is kurTxevas

Tvlis, mxolod sinanuls gamoTqvams, rom sveticxovelSi arsebuli samefo taxti, romelic mefeTa da kaTalikos-patriarqTa kurTxevisas gamoiyeneboda, XX s-Si ~restavracias metad Seewira~ (gv. 351). naSromis is Tavebi da paragrafebi, romelSic

sainteresoa

ganxilulia saqarTvelos eklesiis mdgomareoba

eklesiis istoria XIX-XX saukuneebSi: saqarTvelos egzarqosebis xanaSi, brZola avtokefaliis

aRdgenisaTvis, avtokefaliis aRdgena da dadastureba da sxva. erTi sityviT, rogorc SesavalSi aRvniSne, mTavarepiskoposis meufe anania jafariZis mier istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad

warmodgenili naSromi bevrad (TiTqmis 170 gverdi) aRemateba im moculobas, rac saatestacio komisiis debulebiT istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenil naSroms moeTxoveba. amitom masSi aRZrul, gaanalizebul da gadaWril yovel sakiTxze SeCereba da saTanado avkargianobis Sesaxeb azris gamoTqma da dasabuTeba Znelia. magram sadisertacio naSromis Sesaxeb sanam gamosvlas davamTavreb minda kidev erTxel adre qristianuli xanis saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebs davubrunde. gamokvlevis am nawilSi sainteresoa ~saxelwodeba da mimarTuleba qarTuli eklesiisa~. aq axsnilia, ras niSnavs ~orTodoqsaluri~, ratom unda iwodebodes ~saqarTvelos

marTlmadidebluri eklesia~ ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiad~, ras moicavs ~qarTuli eklesiis samwyso~ (gv. 147-158). V s-Si ~qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis~ gaanalizebisas meufe ananias mier miRebuli daskvna, rom ~vaxtangis epoqaSi qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcia dasavleT saqarTvelozec

vrceldeboda (gv. 160). esadageba am cota xnis win am darbazSi samecniero sesiaze b-n daviT musxeliSvilis mier gakeTebuli moxsenebisas miRebul

daskvnas. aseve SeiZleboda yuradReba gagvemaxvilebina V-VI s-ebSi qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis damokidebulebaze (gv. 212-213), magram amjerad mxolod qarTuli kulturisaTvis erT metad mniSvnelovan sakiTxs Sevexebi. rogorc iTqva, naSromSi mravladaa iseTi Txroba, romelSic axsnilia axalSobili iesos mimarT mogvTa Tayvaniscema.

35

saxarebiseuli es epizodi CemSi gamego, ram gamoiwvia

piradad yovelTvis auxsneli iyo da ver Tayvaniscema, religiis

cecxlTayvanismcemelTa

zoroastriul msaxurTa mogvTa axalSobil iesosTan gamocxadeba da a.S. rogorc saTanado evropul literaturaze (e. svetlov, vestnik carstva boJia, V, 1972, gv. 363). dayrdnobiT meufe anania aCvenebs, rom israelis gareT zoroastizmi mesianizms. israelTa garda mxolod am religiis mimdevrebs swamdaT sufeva uflisa da moelodnen am qveynad msoflios mxsnelis mosvlas. miiCneva, rom suliwminda im xalxebsac, romlebic biblias ar aRiarebdnen, amzadebda macxovris misaRebad (svetlovi 375). amitom mxsnelis molodinis gamo zoroastrizmis qurumebi mogvebi pirvelni mividnen axalSobil iesos Tayvanisacemlad (gv. 144-145). TiTqmis amave sakiTxs ukavSirdeba da metad sainteresoa, Tu ras unda niSnavdes ~wigni nebroTisa~. rogorc ~mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ naTqvamia, es wigni jer kidev warmarT mefe mirians hqonda. ~mefeTa cxovrebis~ cnobiT, mirianma masSi ~pova werili esreT ~ukanasknelTa JamTa movides mefe igi cisa... man gixilos Wirsa Sina da gixsnas Sen~ (qarT. cx. 1. Ggv. 105). meufe anania wers: mefe mirianma wminda ninos ~ZvelTa mier da gaqristianebul axalTa wignTa~. momavali msoflios erTaderTi religia yofila, romelic icnobda

abiaTarisagan

mravaljer

gamoikiTxa

cnobebi

(gaqristianebamde abiaTari Zveli aRTqmis, e.i. iudaisturi sarwmunoebis mRvdeli iyo). mefe mirians, romelic wigni~ gaqristianebamde es unda cecxlTayvanismcemlobasac ara Zveli aRTqmis icnobda, ~nebroTis hqonia. yofiliyo

apokrifebi, aramed swored zoroastrizmis sulieri codnis Semcveli ~sparsTa wminda wigni~ avesta, romelsac zogjer iranul bibliasac uwodebdnen. meufe ananias aseTi mosazrebis dasturad miaCnia ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ mariam

dedofliseul variantSi qarTvelTa cxovrebis aRmwerel Txzulebas win uZRvis msoflio istoriisadmi miZRvnili nakveTi, romelSic nebroTi cecxlTayvanismcemlad da mis erT-erT moZRvradaa gamoyvanili (k. kekeliZe, qarT. lit. ist. I, gv. 440). maSasadame, - ganagrZobs meufe anania, - wminda ninos saswaulTa Semdeg mefe miriani sagangebod gaecno Zveli da axali aRTqmis umTavres ideas da

36

cecxlTayvaniscemluri

sarwmunoebis

ZiriTad

TvalsazrisTan

Seadara.

amis

Semdeg, mematianes sityviT, ~gulisxma yo mefeman mirian, rameTu Zvelni wignni da axali ewamebodes da nebroTis wignica daamtkicebda da Seeqmna survili qristes sjulisa~ (q. cx. I, gv. 105). rogorc gamoTqma vxedavT, wigni axla da gasarkvevia, axali ras niSnavs da amas ~mefeTa cxovrebaSi wignic ~Zvelni ewamvodes~ ~nebroTis~

daamtkicebdao~. meufe anania masac xsnis. ~ras ewamvodnen~ an ras amtkicebdnen ~Zvelni da axali wignni? svams kiTxvas da pasuxobs: ~ra Tqma unda, winaswarmetyvelebas mesiis mosvlis Sesaxeb, romelsac ~daamtkicebda~, anu eTamxmeboda ~nebroTis wigni~, aman sruliad SeZra mefe miriani da xeli Seuwyo mis gaqristianebas. Semdeg meufe ganagrZobs, samefo ojaxSi ~nebroTis wignis arsebobis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs juanSeric, romelic vaxtangs aTqmevinebs: ~mamaTa CuenTa farulad epyra wigni ese~, amitom unda davaskvnaT, rom III-IVsaukuneebSi qarTveli eris saukeTeso nawils gagebuli hqonda mesiis mosalodneli mosvlis Sesaxeb~-o (gv. 145-146). amrigad, meufe ananias daskvniT, ~nebroTis wigni~, rogorc aqamde egonaT, Zveli aRTqmis apokrifi ki araa, aramed ~sparsTa wminda wigni~ avestaa. vfiqrob, gamodis, rom mirianis dros samefo ojaxSi iyo misi qarTuli Targmani. es wigni darCenila samefo ojaxSi da V s-Si vaxtang gogrgasalma icoda, ~mamaTa CuenTa dafarulad rom epyraT wigni ese ~ - nebroTisa~ (q. cx. I, gv. 140-142). ra safuZveli gvaqvs IV s. damdegisaTvis ~nebroTis wignis~ qarTuli Targmanis arseboba vamtkicoT da ra mdgomareobaa am mxriv Cvens cxovrebaSi? akad. k. kekeliZis Tanaxmad, ~nebroTis wigni~ ar arsebobda qarTulad, igi ar Senaxula arc sxva romelime enaze da, rogorc gairkva, is ar arsebobda (ix. misi dasax. naSr. gv. 441, gv. 438). sinamdvileSi nebroTis - dasZens igi, safuZvlad daedo apografi warmoadgens ganagrZobs da b-i wignis Sesaxeb cnobas,

fsevdoefremisa, romelic iv. ganZTa qvabis erT-erTi mesiaze an

javaxiSvilis es

Tanaxmad, -

Txzulebis, korneli,

redaqciis, Targmans (iqve gv. 438). apokrifi, romelSic m. macxovarzedacaa laparaki nebroTis gmirobazec, janaSvils miaCnda

nebroTis wignad. magram es Secdomaa, dasaxelebuli apokrifi araa nebroTis

37

wigni,

vinaidan

is

TviTon

uCvenebs

nebroTis

wyaros.

romelsac

amnairad

axasiaTebs: ~xolo igi wigni, romelic iswava nebroT ianitan grZneulisagan, ara Seiwynares moZRuarTa eklesiisaTa, amisTvis, rameTu varskvlavTricxuaT ars, aramed sparsni uwodeben Rirsad wmindad, xolo brZenni uwodeben varskvlavTricxuad wignsa mas, xolo mogueni fed saxelsdeben, romel ars wigni sityvsa: ese ars wigni grZnebisa da moZRuebai eSmakisTa sibilwisai, da umecarni iyvan, viTarmed WeSmaritad ariso, xolo ars kari grZnebisa da Seginebisa~ (k. kekeliZe, gv. 439). amrigad, ~nebroTis wigns~ Tu ~sparsni uwodeben Rirsad wmidada~, xolo brZandeba meufe anania da

~moguni fed saxeldeben~, Tanac ~nebroTis wigni~ mTel da axal aRTqmas mesiis mosvlis sakiTxSi eTanxmeboda, maSin marTali ~nebroTis wignis~ saxiT mirianis drois qarTlis samefoSi avestis (ufro swored misi raRac nawili an komentarebi) qarTuli Targmani unda hqonebodaT. amitom b-ni k. kekeliZis kategoriuli mtkiceba ~araviTari nebroTis wigni ar arsebobda arc qarTul, arc sxva romelime enaze, Tqmuleba nebroTis wignis Sesaxeb SeTxzulia. leonti mrovelis miero~ (gv. 440, 441), gadasinjvas moiTxovs. meufe ananias zemomotanili daskvnis dasturad minda davZino: ~zoroastrizms swamda momavali sufeva uflisa da moeloda am qveynad msoflios mxsnelis mosvlas~, ris gamoc zorastuli religiis msaxurni - mogvebi pirvelni mividnen Cveni macxovris ieso qristes Tayvanisacemad, Cans, ~wigni nebroTisa~ (avestis

raRac nawili Tu komentarebi) sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo Zveli aRmosavleTis xalxebSi, misi Targmani iyo qristianobis wina da Semdgomi xanis qarTlis samefoSic. rac Seexeba batoni kornelis mtkicebas, rom nebroTis wigni (Tu igi marTlac avestis nawili iyo) ar Semonaxula arc qarTul da sxva romelime enaze. avestas Tavgadasavals Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, SeiZleba nebroTis wigni marTlac, ar Semonaxuliyo. jer erTi, rogorc vnaxeT, ~nebroTis wigni~ ar ~Seiwynares moZRuarTa eklesiisaTa~, radgan CaTvales, rom igi iyo ~wigni grZnebisa da moZRurebai eSmakTa sibilwisai~ da, cxadia, mas gaanadgurebdnen. rac mTavaria, igi gaanadgura sasanianTa iranis daRupvam. rogorc cnobilia, maT Tan waiRes TavianTi arabTa mier iranis dapyrobis Semdeg zoroastriuli religiis is mimdevrebi, romlebmac islami ar miiRes, indoeTSi gadasaxldnen. wminda wigni - avesta. evropaSi am wignis arsebobis Sesaxeb mxolod XVIIIs-Si

38

gaxda cnobili (rogorc cnobilia, frangma swavlulma diuperonma specialurad Seiswavla avestis ena da 1771 w. franguli Targmani gamosca oqsfordSi). avestis SinaarsiT, Tu igi, marTlac igive ~nebroTis wignia~ imTaviTve Crd. SuamdinareTis mosaxleobasTan erTad, qarTvelebic unda yofiliyvnen dainteresebulni, radgan nebroTi bibliis Tanaxmad, SuamdinareTis pirveli mefe iyo da am samefoSi Sedioda qarTvelTa erT-erTi winapari Tubali. yovelive zemoaRniSnulis Semdeg unda davZino: meufe anania jafariZis naSromis saxiT Cvens winaSea metad saintereso, didi da Tavdauzogavi Sromis Sedegad Seqmnili ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, romelSic qarTuli eklesiis istoria gadmocemulia mociqulTa droidan sakamaTod

dRemde. am oriaTaswlovani istoriis zogierTi sakiTxi SeiZleba

mogveCvenos, magram es ZiriTadad ama Tu im sakiTxze, qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebuli sxvadasxva SexedulebiT an am sakiTxTa Sesaxeb arsebul saistorio wyaroTa simciriTaa gamowveuli. saerTod, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli is garemoeba, rom mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromis saxiT Cvens xelTaa pirveli monografiebi, romlebSic saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis erTiani istoriaa gadmocemuli. Tanac am, monografiebiT Tavisufali saqarTvelos

pirobebSi jer mxolod pirveli nabijebi idgmeba qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Seswavlis saqmeSi. sul ramdenime welia, rac oriaTaswlovanma qarTulma eklesiam Tavisuflad amoisunTqa. bolSevikTa batonobis dasawyisSi kirion kaTalikoss ganucxadebia: ~gauzviadeblad vambob, rom is yovlad Seuferebeli eqsperimentebi, romelsac am ukanasknel wlebSi axdenen qarTveli eris zurgze, aucileblad miiyvans mas fizikurad gadaSenebis da sulieri gavelurebis, gaxrwnis karamde~ (gv. 418). rogorc meufe anania wers: ~bolSevik-aTeistebis xelisuflebis umZimesi batonobis aaridao~ (gv. 418). meufe ananias dros, marTalia, eri gadaurCa fizikurad wignebi Cveni eris aseT nawils, albaT,

gadaSenebas, magram ~sulier gavelurebas da sulier gaxrwnas~, Cans, Tavi ver salbunad unda daedos, raTa isini deda eklesiis wiaRs daubrundnen. ZiriTadad aseTia Cemi STabeWdilebani mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis mier istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad

warmodgenil naSromze.

39

rac Seexeba SeniSvnebs. qarTlis eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxze meufe ananias bolomde ver daveTanxmebi. avtokefaliis Sesaxeb saubrisas zemoT

aRvniSne, rom am sakiTxs kvlav davubrundebodi. meufe TviT romis anania marTali brZandeba, qristianobis pirvel aq saukuneSi mcxovrebi warmoqmnili eklesiebi, marTlac, avtokefalurebi iyvnen. ase iyo mowyobili imperiis aRmosavleT nawilis provinciebSi,

mosaxleoba eTnikuri, istoriuli da sxva TvisebaTa mixedviT mcire da did saeklesio olqebad iyofoda. teritoriaze TanxmobiT olqebs saTaveSi edgnen episkoposebi. axorcielebda SeeZlo Tavisi

saepiskoposos yofiliyo. krebis

episkoposi episkopos

saeklesio daeniSna an

zedamxedvelobas, ufleba hqonda moewvia saeklesio kreba da misi Tavmjdomare Tavmjdomares gadaeyenebina misdami daqvemdebarebuli episkoposi. mcire da wina aziaSi am mxriv TandaTan gamoikveTa da Camoyalibda mosaxleobis eTnikur Sedgenilobaze Seqmnili iseTi didi saepiskoposoebi, rogorebic iyvnen: tarsisa-kilikiaSi, kesariisa-kapadokiaSi, mesopotamiaSi, efesosi-aziaSi, tvirosisa-finikiaSi, edesisaankirisa-

bostrisa-arabeTSi, neokesariisa-polemones pontoSi,

galatiaSi, ikoniisa-likaoiaSi da sxvebi. erovnul da eTnikur niadagze Seqmnili saepiskoposoebis arseboba cno 314 w. ankiraSi gamarTulma adgilobrivma saeklesio krebam. am krebis me-18 kanoniT zemodasaxelebuli es dadgenileba saepiskoposoebi ... ~marTalia~ Tanasworad daadastura da damoukideblad I msoflio

gamocxadda.

nikeis

saeklesio krebis me-4 da me-5 da antioqiis adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis (344 w.) me-9, 14, 15, 19, 20 kanonma (p. gidulianovi, 1905, gv. 226-227) magram saqme is iyo, rom imperiis farglebSi Semavali erovnuli eklesiebidan yvela ver axerxebda damoukideblobis SenarCunebas. dasaxelebul krebaTa dadgenilebebi maT ar Sveloda Tavi damoukideblad egrZnoT. imperiis farglebSi moqceul eklesiaTa

Soris adridanve damyarda urTierToba, romelic dafuZnebuli iyo ama Tu im eklesiis SedarebiT siZliereze da am qalaqis politikur mniSvnelobaze.

saerTod ki, qristianTaTvis am qalaqis qristianuli Temis saerTo eklesiur avtoritetze (p. gidulianovi, gv. 227). swored aRniSnuli pirobebis gamo pirvelobda imperiis aRm. nawilSi antioqiis episkoposi. nikeis I msoflio saeklesio krebis masalebSi evstaTi antioqiis xelmoweris qveS 22 episkoposis xelmowera swored imis dasturadaa

40

miCneuli, isini antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi 251).

rom imyofebodnen (iqve, gv. 250-

marTlac, IV s. damdegisaTvis mTeli aRmosavleTis eklesiebis centri

antioqia iyo. rogorc specialur literaturaSia miTiTebuli, misi sulieri gavlena garda sakuTriv siriisa, vrceldeboda ara marto mcire aziaze, portisa da aziis Crd-aRm. nawilze, aramed Soreul sparseTze, somxeTze, saqarTveloze (pagidulianovi, 1908, gv. 279). antioqiis episkoposs unda ezruna am qveynebSi qristianobis gavrcelebasa da gamyarebaze (p. gidulianovi, 1905, gv. 235). antioqiis episkoposebi jer

daxmarebas uwevdnen sust qristianul Temebs, Semdeg saeklesio recefciis ZaliT maTze imtkicebdnen ierarqiul mdgomareobas da maT TavianT xelisuflebas uqvemdebarebdnen (p. gidulianovi, 1905, gv. 223, Sdr. a. pavlovi). ra mdgomareoba gvaqvs am mxriv qarTul eklesiaSi? meufe ananias Tanaxmad, ~saqarTvelo romis provincia ar yofila, is imperiis gareT iyo. amitom, radgan provinciebSi yvela eklesia avtokefaluri iyo, es miT ufro saqarTvelos Sesaxeb iTqmis (gv. 178). ~Cvens istoriografiaSi, dasZens meufe anania, azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa imis Sesaxeb, Tu vis eqvemdebareboda qarTuli eklesia Seqmnis Semdeg. mkvlevarTa erTi nawili fiqrobs, rom qarTuli eklesia IV s. dasawyisSi antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. meore amJamad gavrcelebuli azris Tanaxmad ki konstantinepols daeqvemdebara. magram, ganagrZobs igi, - 325 wlis nikeis krebis dadgenilebis mixedviT, eklesiaTa daqvemdebareba akrZaluli iyo~. Semdeg kiTxvas svams: ~mainc romeli eklesiis iurisdiqciis qveS imyofeboda qarTuli eklesia IV s-Si, antioqiis, ierusalimis Tu konstantinepolisa?~ da iqve pasuxobs: ~saqme is aris, rom radgan sabuTebi amis dadgenis saSualebas ar iZlevian, amitom unda vifiqroT, rom aseTi sabuTi arc arsebobda~-o (gv. 177). vaxtangis mier miqaelis konstantinepolSi gagzavnis gamo ar SeiZleba iseTi daskvnis gamotana, TiTqos qarTuli eklesia im dros konstantinepolis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda an rogor SeZlo sparseTis saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi moqceuli qarTuli eklesia

bizantias Tavis iurisdiqciaSi Seeyvana? antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi ki qalkedonis krebamde, iv. javaxiSvilis mier Seswavlil wyaroTa Tanaxmad, ar yofilao (gv. 195). antioqia rom aRmosavleTis eklesiis centrad miiCneoda, es imas ar niSnavs, ierarqiulad aRmosavleTis yvela eklesia antioqias rom emorCileboda, antioqiasTan ufro sarwmunoebriv-eklesiuri kavSiri igulisxmebao (gv. 195-196).

41

rogorc problematuri

vxedavT, sakiTxia

Cvens dasmuli.

winaSe kidev

qarTuli vimeoreb,

eklesiisaTvis meufe anania

metad marTali

brZandeba, adreqristianul xanaSi yvela eklesia, maT Soris qarTlis samefos teritoriaze warmoqmnili calkeuli saepiskoposoebi damoukidebelni iyvnen da amis Sesaxeb me saTanado damatebiTi masalac movitane, magram qarTlSi qarTuli qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg erTiani

eklesia antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi moeqca (sxvaTa

Soris, imdroindeli

damoukidebloba zemoCamoTvlilma didma saepiskoposoebmac ki ver SeinarCunes. isini sxvadasxva sapatriarqoebis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcnen) meufe anania aseT gavlenas imiT uaryofs, rom ~saqarTvelo romis provincia ar yofila~, magram 298 wels q. nisibisSi iransa da roms Soris dadebuli zaviT 40 wliT qarTlze romis proteqtorati rom damyarda, es gana 298-338 wlebSi romis imperiasTan qarTlis samefos siaxloveze ar miuTiTebs? meorec, 318 wels qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis Semdeg, mefe mirianis moTxovniT qarTlSi antioqiis eklesiis gavlenaSi myofi branji (e.i. galateli) mTavardiakoni

Camovida da eklesiis organizacia moaxdina, qarTlis pirvel episkoposad ione dasva, aq momxdari ambebi aRwera da waiRo imperiaSi. gana imaze ar metyvelebs, rom axladwarmoqmnil qarTlis eklesiaze imperiaSi viRac zrunavda (msgavsi ambavi moxda das. saqarTveloSi egrisis daasxa petre sebastielma, romelic pirvel episkoposad iberis Zes xeli Tavis mxriv, ierarqiulad antioqiis

samwysos ekuTvnoda). swored mxolod aRniSnulma faqtma ganapiroba qarTlis eklesiis (451 antioqiis w.) Semdeg aseve,

iurisdiqciaSi moqceva. ase, rom b-ni ivane javaxiSvilis mosazreba, TiTqos qalkedonis meoTxe msoflio saeklesio krebis daeqvemdebara qarTlis eklesia antioqiis sapatriarqos, arasworia.

qarTlis eklesia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebaSi arasdros ar yofila (ix. Cemi qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, Tb., 1991). 451 wlamde konstantinopolis qalkedonis olqi IV eklesiis mrevli umniSvnelo krebis iyo. rogorc miiRo amave cnobilia, anatoli krebis

msoflio

saeklesio

dadgenilebiT

konstantinepolma (449-458) antioqiis episkopos maqsimedan (451-455) aziis yvela skutridan (konstantinepolis gareubania) galatiamde. gadawyvetilebiT, maqsime antioqielma ierusalimis episkoposs iubenals (422-458) dauTmo palestina (miqael breki).

42

qalkedonis ganisazRvra.

krebis

Semdeg

TiToeuli

patriarqis

samwyso

mkacrad

rogorc XII s. cnobili bizantieli kanonisti ioane zonara wers,

konstantinepolis patriarqs ar SeeZlo siriis an palestinis, finikiis, an egviptis mitropolitTa zonaras saqme gaerCia maTi survilis patriarqis gareSe. siriis mitropolitebi ganmartebiT, antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi

Sediodnen, palestinisa ierusalimisaSi da ase Semdeg, yvela imas emorCileba, vis mieracaa xeldasmuli (krebis kanonebi). ase rom, 318 wlidan qarTlis (aseve egrisis) eklesia antioqiis gavlenaSi moeqca. amitom iyo, vaxtang gorgaslis dros, rogorc qarTul wyaroSia (Sat. kr. gv. 325) naTqvami, qarTlis moqcevidan (317/318 ww.) 170 wlis Tavze 487/8 wels antioqiis patriarqma petre fulonma qarTlis pirvel kaTalikosad rom petre kapadokieli akurTxa. aRniSnulis muSaobaSi meufe garda, ananias SeiZleboda qarTuli survili eklesiis gamomeTqva, samisionero rom Semdgom saqmianobac

gaeTvaliswinebina. SeiZleboda ramdenime koreqtul Secdomazec mimeTiTebina, magram aseTi didi moculobis naSromisaTvis es araferia. sabolood sadisertacio didi siamovnebiT maRal minda aRvniSno, donezea rom warmodgenili didi naSromi mecnierul Sesrulebuli,

interesiT ikiTxeba, igi saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan arsebul sasuliero akademiaSi gamoiyeneba, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo. Cems mier zemoT naCveneb RirsebaTa gamo ~saqarTvelos samociquli eklesiis istoriis~ avtori

mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe

uyoymanod imsaxurebs ara Tu Ziebul

istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis, ufro maRal, doqtoris, xarisxsac ki.

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnografiis institutis wamyvani mecnieri TanamSromeli, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori v. goilaZe

pasuxi oficialur oponents baton vaxtang goilaZes

uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb oficialur oponents istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtors baton vaxtang goilaZes Cemi naSromis maRali SefasebisaTvis, rac Seexeba avtokefaliis sakiTxSi Cvens Soris arsebul azrTa sxvadasxvaobas, me

43

vfiqrob, rom momavali kvleva-Ziebisas literaturisa da wyaroebis Semdgomi analizis Semdeg SesaZlebelia azri Sevicvalo. mTlianad unda Semosuliyo. kidev erTxel uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb baton vaxtangs im didi veTanxmebi pativcemul oponents qarTlSi asurel mamaTa

Semosvlis TariRTan dakavSirebiT, maTi didi nawili farsman mefis zeobaSi

SromisaTvis, romelsac igi dauRalavad eweva qarTuli eklesiis sasargeblod da, cxadia, Cemi mcire naSromis didad dafasebisaTvis. gmadlobT

sabWos wevri valerian maWaraZe (doqtori): batono Tavmjdomare, aq gamomsvlelebma aRniSnes, rom naSromis avtori mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe ufro met samecniero xarisxs imsaxurebs. mis kvalificiur oponents suliT da guliT vuWer mxars... yirimSi, sevastopolidan 6 km-ze aris xersonesi, marcxnis quCis boloSi iyo pirvelqristianTa sasaflao, pirveli qristianebis TavSesafari I saukunisaTvis mociqulTa droisaTvis. me vfiqrob, unaklo da uSeniSvno araferi dawerila, magram meufis sami tomi ramdenime dRiT mqonda saxlSi, gavecani da aRtacebuli var. vuTxari kidec baton ananias erT-erT sxdomaze, zagorskSi gadaeciT meTqi. cxadia, SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT miviRebT dadebul naSroms, Cveni wyaroebis gamo ukeTesis gakeTeba ar SeiZleba. me sabWos wevrebs movuwodeb, savsebiT damsaxurebuli naSromia.

sabWos wevri ilia tabaRua

(doqtori):

batonebo, mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe usityvod imsaxurebs saZiebel xarisxs, avtoreferati ki ara ori tomi siamovnebiT wavikiTxe da aqamde var maTi gavlenis qveS. savsebiT mxars vuWer aq gamoTqmul azrs, Tqven saZiebo xarisxi, cxadia, da Sua gekuTvniT. roms saukuneebSic me es mxolod kavSiri neba ar miboZeT Sewyvetila. mogaxsenoT, rom saqarTvelos urTierToba. Soris qristianobis CasaxvisTanave arsebobda

XVIII saukuneSi

44

kaTalikosebi, eris saukeTeso pirebi, TanamSromlobdnen rogorc aRmosavleTis, ise dasavleT (romis) eklesiasTan. am urTierTobis asaxva sruliad ar aris saSiSi rwmenisaTvis, piriqiT, am urTierTobis asaxva didad gaalamazebs,

gaamdidrebs Cveni eklesiis istorias. esaa Cemi survili. bolos kidev erTxel mivesalmebi Tqvens Sromas da gisurvebT warmatebebs da aseve kidev or toms, kidev rom gvpirdebiT, ai, imis dasrulebaSi RmerTma xeli mogimarToT.

Tavmjdomare: - xom ar aris msurveli sabWodan, maSin gTxovT damswre sazogadoebidan.

sityvas iTxovs ucnobi qalbatoni (sityvas ambobs adgilidan): dauviwyaria is saTnoeba, romelic Cvens ojaxs moefina meufe ananiasagan am ociode wlis win. mapatieT, SeiZleba vRelav, axalcixis gzaze moxda Zalze mZime

avtokatastrofa. Cemi Svili da me movyeviT am avtokatastrofaSi. umZimesi mdgomareoba Seiqmna. maSin aravis hqonda Cemi Svilis gadarCenis imedi. maSin axalcixeSi davdiodi, vkuratorobdi erT sferos, Zalian gviWirda da yavarjniT SevZeli asvla eklesiaSi, rabaTSi, da iq batoni anania axalgazrda sakmarisad Semxvda. muxlis CoqviT Semovuare eklesias, maSin mogexsenebaT partiis mandati mqonda, da sruliad moulodneli iyo aseTi moqmedeba Cemgan. batoni anania gamobrZanda, momkida xeli, amayena, vuambe Cemi mdgomareoba da sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi loculobda CemTvis. erTaderTi imedi mqonda RmerTis imisi, rom Cemi Svili gadarCeboda da batonma ananiam mxurvaled iloca. me miTxres, rom mxolod RmerTi Caeria Seni Svilis gadarCenaSio. me minda dRes udidesi madloba saqarTvelos saukeTeso Svilebis winaSe baton ananias vuTxra. saocari saswauli moxda da Cemi Svili gadarCa, dRes ruseTSi imyofeba, maSin 16 wlis iyo, meufe ananiam uTxra, rom ~giorgi, Sengan kargi eqimi dadgeba~, axla eqimia marTlac. Tqven wlebis manZilze loculobdiT, Cemma Svilma jaric axalcixeSi moiara da dadioda igi TqvenTan. ruseTSi Cems Svils donis rostovis monasterSi yavs Tavis moZRvari, da dRes aRavlina locva, daanTo sanTeli Tqveni dRevandeli momentisaTvis, Tqveni janmrTelobisaTvis. viyri muxls Tqvens winaSe da did madlobas mogaxsenebT Cveni ojaxis saxeliT.

45

revaz baramiZe

(profesori)

batonebo, gadaRlili xarT da ar dagayovnebT, magram me ar SemiZlia, ar gamovTqva Cemi mosazreba oriode faqtze. jer erTi, mTavarepiskopos meufe ananias naSromi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria SesaniSnavad Seafases istorikosebma. sxva rameze minda SeniSvna gavakeTo. wyaroebi gamoyenebulia SesaniSnavad. garda aqamde ucnobi dokumentebisa, sabuTebisa. naSromSi, wignebi maqvs mxedvelobaSi, Zalian mdidrulad da kargad aris warmoCenili vTqva, rom

marTlmadideblobis mniSvnelobis

istoria. agreTve

isic minda

batoni anania kargad brZanebs da sulxan-sabasTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovani mosazreba gamoTqva, mogexsenebaT, rom im dros iyvnen karmelitebi. Teatinelebi da SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom ara karmelitebis, ara Teatinelebis, aramed basilianTa ordenis wevri gaxda, es Zalian mniSvnelovania misi sarwmunoebivi poziciis Sesaswavlad. magram ZiriTadi, ramac me gamabedina dRes aq gamosvla, aris Semdegi, mTeli ori tomi, romelic me maqvs wakiTxuli, saocrad siRrmiT aris datvirTuli imis mtkicebiT da imis warmoCeniT, rom qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia da qarTuli cnobiereba, qarTuli xasiaTi, qarTuli azrovneba aris erTi didi mTlianoba. qarTuli eklesiis fonze ki ara, masTan SerwymiT, es aris didi WeSmariteba. amaze yuradRebis gaumaxvilebloba ar iqneboda kargi. sagangebod minda vimsjelo, es Zalian didi Rirebulebaa, am sferoSi, roca marTlmadidebluri eklesiis tolZalovnad miiCnevdnen

sxvadasxva seqtebs erovnuli xasiaTis CamoyalibebaSi, es arasworia da es siRrmiT aris warmoCenili meufe ananias SromebSi. es aris sakvlevi ara marto samecniero, aramed saxelmwifoebriv doneze. am saqmeSi didi wvlili Seaqvs baton ananias Tavis SesaniSnavi naSromiT. me aRtacebuli var Tqveni naSromiT da yovelive warmatebas gisurvebT.

revaz CxeiZe (kinoreJisori) arc istorikosi var da arc marTlmadidebluri eklesiis msaxuri, magram ar SeiZleba, rogorc moqalaqem ar vTqva Cemi SegrZnebebi imis gamo, rom mTavarepiskopos ananias saqarTvelos istoriis orive es tomi ara mxolod

46

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriaa, aramed qarTveli eris istoria. ai, es sinTezi kargad warmoaCens, rogor mimdinareobda samoqalaqo mSenebloba saqarTveloSi. da aq aris SeiZleba iTqvas, araCveulebrivad warmoCenili, Tu rogor

viTardeboda saqarTvelo. aseT midgomas novatoruli xasiaTi aqvs. novatoruls me xazs vusvam. Cven vuyurebT ara imas, rom es ase moxda, es omebi Catarda, mere is movida saTaveSi da ase Semdeg, aramed am naSromSi Cven vxedavT, rogor viTardeba eris sulieri moZRvreba, am istoriaSi primati uWiravs qristianobas. qristianoba da qarTveli eris ganviTareba imdagvarad, rogorc es meufe ananiam Camoayaliba, CemTvis Zalian damajerebelia. didi mama qarTveli erisa, ivane javaxiSvili, eWviT uyurebs mociqulTa moRvaweobas saqarTveloSi, magram arsebobs wyaroebi andria pirvelwodebulis Sesaxeb, arqeologiuri masala im epoqisa, CvenTvis es absoluturad damajerebelia. bolos da bolos virwmunoT es faqti da mere davijerebT. axla warmovidginoT, Tuki saqarTveloSi andria pirvelwodebuli da sxva mociqulebi I saukuneSi movidnen, ramodena

mniSvneloba aqvs amas qarTveli eris istoriisaTvis da misi civilizaciisaTvis. kolosaluri mniSvneloba aqvs, imitom, rom Cven viciT, es ra epoqaa da ra aris saWiro maincdamainc vucadoT IV saukunes, es didi movlena iyo, ra Tqma unda, roca saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda qristianoba, magram raodeni mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom I s-Si RvTismSoblis davalebiT modis aq andria

pirvelwodebuli, Semodis aWaridan, esec xom didi ambavia, Sedis samegreloSi, qarTlSi, svaneTSi, afxazeTSi. es nakvlevi Cans. Sen ra icio, rom mkiTxoT SeiZleba ver giTxraT qalbatono marika, magram me mjera, rom es ase iyo, mjera im wyaroebis, romelic arsebobs da marSruti dgindeba Zalian materialurad. replika darbazidan, mariam lorTqifaniZe: - ~minda rom berZnuli wyaro iqnes mopovebuli am sakiTxze~ (xmauri). rezo CxeiZe (agrZelebs) berZnebi bevr rameSi cdebian. me minda vTqva,

rom es marto qristianobis Semosvlis TariRi ar aris. RvTismSobelma uTxra mas, rom saqarTvelo gansakuTrebuli qveyana iyo, da nu geSinia am sityvebis. mgonia aseve me, mwvave rom am wignSi araCveulebrivad aris Camoyalibebuli. istorikosebma hereTis viTardeboda yovel unda iq SemTxvevaSi, CemTvis bevri ram gaxda naTeli, magaliTad, hereTis sakiTxi. rac politikuri akeTeben zustadaa sakiTxia amas dRevandel masSi, dRes. upasuxon, rogor saukeTeso istorikosebi. rogor sakiTxi

araCveulebrivad

gadmocemuli

47

qristianoba, mere somxuri eklesiis primati da mere amis motrialeba da, saerTod, qarTuli enis sakiTxi aris brwyinvaled Camoyalibebuli. wignSi

Camoyalibebulia absoluturad damajereblad agreTve tao-klarjeTis sakiTxi, romelic aseve Zalian mtkivneulia saqarTvelosTvis. Zalian kargad viciT Cven ramdeni moaruli, aradamajerebeli istorikosebi, gansakuTrebiT ucxoelebi da qarTvelebic am Temaze varjiSoben da gvarTmeven genialur adgilebs, idealur adgilebs, rogorsac tao-klarjeTi warmoadgens Tavisi xuroTmoZRvrebis

ZeglebiT. saxelmwifo saqarTvelo yvelaze metad kargad JRers iq da roca amas batoni anania, Cveni meufe adgens da absoluturad didi rwmeniT aRiTqmeba yvelaferi, es amaze didi movlena SeuZlebelia, me mgonia piradad, rom istoriaze aseTi wigni arc wamikiTxavs, es SeiZleba Cemi gulubryvilobaa, magram me ase var darwmunebuli. me ar vici rogori niSniT aniWebT xarisxebs, Cemi warmodgeniT, Tu raime umaRlesi xarisxi arsebobs mecnierebis dargSi, baton ananias unda mieniWos. axla bodiSi, rom ase Tavxedobas viCen, magram me ase mgonia (taSi darbazidan).

akademikosi mariam lorTqifaniZis sityva

neba samecniero

miboZeT, sabWoze

didi

siamovnebiT

aRvniSno

is

garemoeba,

rom

Cvens esaa

aseTi

mniSvnelovani

naSromia

gamotanili.

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi~. eWvi ar mepareba da didad mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia is garemoba, rom Cvens eklesias ewodos ~samociqulo~ eklesia, Tumca batono meufe anania amasac mogaxsenebT me, magaliTad, ver mivakvlie im berZnul wyaros, sadac iyos miTiTebuli andria mociqulis moRvaweoba saqarTvelos romelime kuTxeSi,

sulerTia sad, saWiroa dakonkreteba. me mTlianad viziareb vaxtang goilaZis SeniSvnas. batoni anania, albaT, kidev gadaxedavs am sakiTxebs. qarTul

wyaroebSi aris garkveviT naTqvami, eklesiebSi daiRvara sisxli. aq laparaki unda iyos imis Sesaxeb, rom herakles mier bevri ram gakeTda, nu gavujavrdebiT herakles. Cvens eklesiaSi Tavi moiyara... Seafares Tavi qristianebsa da heraklem ganwmida eklesia. qalbatonma giulim SeniSna Tbilisel berebTan dakavSirebiT, rom aseTi fena iyo moqalaqeTa zeda fena. daviT aRmaSeneblis dros me ver

48

gaviziareb Tqvens mosazrebas, rom

daviT aRmaSeneblis dros iyo Teokratiuli

saxelmwifo. wyaro pirdapir miuTiTebs, rom eklesiebi da monastrebi wessa da rigs iRebdnen darbazis karidan. babilina lominaZis udidesi damsaxurebaa rom cud pirobebSi uxdeboda muSaoba, eklesiis istoria Seswavlili rom yofiliyo. n. berZeniSvili cdilobda rogorme yuradRebis arealidan gamoeyvana. yvelaferi midioda cekaSi, mere moskovSi. sityva ~eklesia da monasteri~ ar SeiZleboda dawerili yofiloyo. niko ambobda xolme - ~ra davarqvaT babilinas Temebs~,

rom Temis damtkicebis dros ver mimxvdariyvnen, rom es eklesiis istoriaa. es unda gaviTvaliswinoT... me mTlianad viziareb aq gamoTqmul mosazrebas, rom batoni Aananias udavod ekuTvnis xarisxi da vSuamdgomlob sabWos winaSe, magram Suamdgomloba ar aris saWiro mgonia.

marine CxartiSvili (istoriis mecn. doqtori)

yvelaferi, risi Tqmac mindoda, iTqva, upirveles yovlisa, minda vTqva, rom saeklesio istorias wers saeklesio moRvawe, mTavarepiskoposi, wmida sinodis wevri, batoni meufe anania jafariZe. ra Tqma unda, saeklesio istoria SeiZleba daweros eriskacma da unda daweros kidec, es aris garkveuli xedva gverdidan, magram eklesia mogexsenebaT, iseTi fenomenia, aucilebelia misi danaxva Signidan. me amas aseTi dabejiTebiT imitom geubnebiT, rom Tavad eklesiis istoriis wyaroebze vmuSaob da TviTon saero ganaTleba maqvs. xSirad migrZvnia Cems TavSi am xedvis naklovaneba. iciT, mainc agiografiuli Zegli ar aris literatura, is ufro metia iseve, rogorc xati ar aris marto naxati, es aris, pirvrl rigSi, misasalmebeli, iTqva aq, rom esaa gadebuli xidi mecnirebasa da eklesias Soris. mecnierebac eZebs WeSmaritebas da eklesia eZebs WeSmaritebas. bunebrivia, ar arsebobs iseTi istoriuli WeSmariteba, romelic Cvens eklesias ar waadgeba da me dadebiTad mesmis. esaa mamuliSvilis mier dawerili, amitom masTan kamaTi sakmaod Znelia imitom, rom gaazrebuli aqvs mas es momentebi da Zalian kargad aCvenebs, rogorc ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs mamuliSviloba da mecnieruli obieqturoba. kargad Cans, rom es savsebiT SeTavsebadia. imis Sesaxebac iTqva, rom naCvenebi qarTuli eklesiis istoria es aris marTlmadideblobis istoriis epizodi. vrceli, magram mainc epizodi,

49

Cven axali kulturis pirispir aRmovCndiT da unda gadavxarSoT es kultura. Cven rigebs SemWidroeba sWirdeba da istoriuli warsulis analizi swored amisTvis aris saWiro, yvelaferi amisTvis mas Zalian didi madloba minda movuxado da agreTve imis gamo, rom is Tvalsazrisi, romelic me ramdenime xnis win gamovTqvi wmida ninos cxovrebis daTariRebasTan dakavSirebiT, man gaiziara. mogexsenebaT, XX saukunis Suaxnis Semdeg TariRze aris sxvadasxva mkvlevaris sxvadasxva azrovneba. salome ujarmelis avtorobis Sesaxeb Cemi Tvalsazrisi aravis gauziarebia. Zalian martod vgrZnobdi Tavs da meufe ananiam es gaiziara aris da CemTvis didi Zalian pativia, didi rom mis naSromebSi erTxel Cemi

Tvalsazrisi

warmoCenili.

madloba.

Sevdivar Cven wina

leqciaze da Cemi studentebi meubnebian, rom iciT qalbatono marina,

leqciaze konspeqtebis wera davamTavreT Tqvens gvarze. vkiTxe, vin gikiTxavT leqcias meTqi, meufe ananiao. es CemTvis didad sasixaruloa da me bednieri var, rom Cems Tvalsazriss aseTi pirovneba izirebs, madlobT.

meufe Tadeozi (mTavarepiskoposi, wminda sinodis wevri, eparqiis mmarTveli): Zalian Znelia im didebuli sazogadoebis winaSe gamosvla, rogor

didebul pirovnebebsac warmoadgegen aq mobrZanebuli pativcemuli qalbatonebi da batonebi, magram Cveni eklesiis wminda mamaTa TxovniTa da brZanebiT, mapatieT, ramdenime magram mamulis sityvas Tqveni mogaxsenebT. aris marTalia, namdvilad Zalian wminda. gadaRlilebi netavi im RvTis wminda ilia

brZandebiT, sadideblad, sazareli

gadaRla

gadasarCenad

erTmaneTis Cveni

siyvarulisaTvis wmindaa.

marTlmadideblobisaTvis, romelmac Cven dRemde mogviyvana da miuxedavad am Jamisa, mainc gadagvarCens. daRla gaxsovT

marTlis, saqarTvelos ugvirgvino mefis, gulSematkivaris, sibrZne, man rom brZana didi filosofosis sityvebi; ~awmyo Sobili warsulisagan, aris mSobeli momavlisa~. - laibnici. magram me vfiqrob laibnici ise poeturad, ise tevadad, ise brwyinvaled ver brZanebda, rogorc didma iliam qarTulad ~awmyo Sobili warsulisagan, aris mSobeli momavalisa~. uRmerTod araferi ar xdeba. meufe anania futkris madliT Sromobda, Cumad, TavisTvis da Semdeg am didma Sromam udidesi nayofi gamoiRo, me mixaria, rom aq umravlesTa gamobrZanebiT, mxolod

50

erTis garda, iyo samarTliani Sefaseba misi naSromisa, radganac vici, romelic saRmrTo saqmes ewireba da misTvis sicocxlec ar enaneba misi SeqebiT,

siyvaruliT, waxalisebiT da gaxarebiT unda daviwyoT da ara piriqiT, rom gvegonos, viTom sxvam ukve dawera yvelaferi da meufe ananiam piriqiT. misi naSromi aris didi qarTuli suliT imdenad axali Sedevri rom, rodesac mas kiTxulob, siyvaruliT ivsebi. ai, batonma revazma, brZana sixaruliT da

siyvaruliT wavikiTxeo da Zalian bevri icis batonma revazma, Tumca revazi ori gamobrZanda. batonebi revaz CxeiZe da revaz baramiZe, aq brZandeba saqarTvelos

dideba qalbatoni ana kalandaZe, mapatieT, axla SeiZleba Tqvan ra SuaSiao, yvelaferia dRevandel SuaSi, dRes. aq rom meufe ananias brZana Rvawlis didebulma dasafaseblad qalbatonma mobrZanda meufis cremliT misi

saswauli, rom RmerTma gadaarCina misi Svili da misi locvis daxmarebiT. meufe anania eklesiaSi mobrZanda maSin, rodesac cecxliTa da maxviliT idevneboda marTlmadidebloba, qristianoba, rodesac WeSmaritebas, simarTles da sinaTles erqva crumorwmunoeba, ra Tqma unda, eSmakuri kuTxiT. ra Tqma unda, am

daRlil, didebul, brwyinvale sazogadoebas me aRar gadagRliT, me mxolod imas mogaxsenebT, rac yvela gamomsvlelma TiTqmis brZana, rom es naSromi aRemateba sakandidato xarisxs, sakandidato disertacias, Tqven aq iseTi brZeni xalxi SekrebilxarT, kargad mogexsenebaT am Sromis gamonaklisi madli, da gamoiTqva azri, rom es doqtoris wodebis simaRlezea, maSin Tu es amJamad ar aris SesaZlo, vilocoT, rom male SevkrebiliyaviT misTvis sadoqtoro

xarisxis miniWebisaTvis. locavs meufe ananias maRali RmerTi, misi maRali moRvaweobisaTvis, umaRlesi patriotuli moRvaweobisaTvis, romelic mis did, maRal istoriaSia gamomJRavnebuli is did siyvaruli, poeturi qarTuli suli, is natvra da yvelaferi. ar aris kidev uRmerTod araferi. meufe anania brZandeboda pirveli axalcixeli episkoposi da dRes aris Salva axalcixelis dRe, arc meufe ananiam icoda, rom am dRes daemTxveoda, arc mecnierebma albaT, magram is, rom Salva axalcixelis dRes daemTxva meufe ananias brwyinvale, brZnuli da niWieri naSromis madlia. RmerTma uwmindesis wminda locviT daglocoT, meufe ananias locviT, Cven moZRvarTa locviT. aq brZandeba mama zaqaria, romelic televiziiT xSirad gmoZRvravT, RmerTma yvela daglocoT da gagaxaroT da uwmindesis locviT, mamaTaA locviT gadaarCinos saqarTvelo.

51

Tavmjdomare: aq aris Semosuli iakob axuaSvilis Txovna.

iakob axuaSvili (mecnieri): meufe anania jafariZe Tavisi mravalmxrivi codniT gaxlavT is pirovneba, romelic Tavisi kalmiT, mxarSi amoudga istoriis institutis mier

dawyebul moZraobas. iyo dro, rodesac qarTvel kacs ar hqonda ufleba aRedgina Tavisi warTmeuli gvari da erovneba. batoni anania jafariZem bevri iRvawa, albaT, yvela, umravlesoba vicnobT mis nawerebs, romelic dakavSirebuli aris grigonianobasTan. mesame momentidan xazgasasmeli: Cven yvelam viciT, rogor droSi gvixdeba cxovreba, mas Semdeg, rac meufe anania movida manglisSi, daiwyo saeklesio aRmSenebloba. aq Cven gveswreba Savnabadas winamZRvari mama Sio gabriWiZe ... aRdgenili iqna didebuli darbazebi. uamravi

mrevli, Savnabadidan dawyebuli saeklesio aRmSenebloba mimdinareobs sofel walasyurSi, ukve mwyobrSi Cadga sofel kumisSi ori eklesia, mesamezec daiwyo mSenebloba da dRes sofel kodaSi vasil barnovis sofelSi didi muSaoba aris gaCaRebuli. asea, mTel qvemo qarTlSi unda vTqvaT, rom anania jafariZe ... sadac mas uxdeba moRvaweoba. aseve im didebuli gvaris Camomavali, aris

romelTagan qarTul enciklopediaSi 28 jafariZea Setanili. Cems mier kidev 23 kacia gamovlenili wess, samecniero xarisxis xels matarebeli. movawerdi Cven rom ver avcdebiT anania

dadgenil

didi

siamovnebiT

baton

jafariZesaTvis mieniWebinaT istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtoris xarisxi, radganac am donis wignebi, vambob amas avtoritetulad, arc bevri gagavaCnia. didi madloba yuradRebisaTvis.

rusudan waqvaZe (mecnieri): me gaxlavarT Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis religiaTmcodneobis kaTedris baton docenti da sasuliero imis akademiis pedagogi rusudan waqvaZe. pativcemulo sazogadoeba, pativcemulo sabWo, ramdenime weliwadia ananias wignebiT, SromebiT vaswavli Tbilisis piradad me saxelmwifo

52

universitetSi

qarTuli

eklesiiis

istorias.

aseve

sayrdenad

Cemi

sagnis

swavlebaSi gamoyenebuli maqvs baton vaxtang goilaZis Sroma

qarTuli

eklesiis saTaveebTan. dRevandelma dacvam kidev erTxel aSkarad warmoaCina, Tu raoden didi pasuxismgeblobis winaSe dgas Cveni saganmanaTleblo sistema, rodesac uflebas studentebis oficialurad mimdinareobs vaZlev axali Rirebulebis sabWos Camoyalibebis Semovide procesi. winadadebiT winaSe ori tomis Tavs Cemi pativcemuli sabWom baton winaSe

saxeliT, sakiTxi

ganaTlebis ananias mier

saministros gamocemuli rac

daayenos mimarT mogvcems

saxelmZRvanelo

grifis

miniWebis

Sesaxeb,

saSualebas

oficialurad, ra Tqma unda, Cven isedac viyenebT, rogorc saxelmZRvanelos, magarm sxva aris, rodesac kidev roca is oficialurad nebadarTuli iqneba ganaTlebis saministros mier. madlobas mogaxsenebT batono anania Tqveni muxlCauxreli SromisaTvis, Tqveni sulierobisaTvis aw da maradis Tqveni sityva darCeniliyos saqarTveloSi.

Tavmjdomare: gmadlobT, sabWo gaiTvaliswinebs Tqvens winadadebas.

fridon sixaruliZe:

baton ananias SromebSi qarTuli eklesiis istoria gaSlilia farTo marTlmadidebluri samyaros fonze da es naSromSi Zalian kargadaa warmodgenili. batoni anania Cveni didebuli moRvawea, tanjuli moRvawe, Salva axalcixelis gzaze rom daayena is kuTxe da gana marto is, aq manglisi, samsWavlis mflobeli mxare, mTel saqarTveloSi ismis misi xma da moZRvravs

ers. SromaSi kargadaa warmodgenili saqarTvelos eklesiis didi damsaxureba saqarTvelos gareT, marto es kmara erT disertaciad. me vuerTdebi aq

gamoTqmul azrs da gisurvebT yovelive kargs.

53

deniza sumbaZe (mecnieri):

didi madloba qalbaton rusudan

waqvaZes. man pirdapir brZana, is Sefaseba

romelic am Rvawls ekuTvnis. meufe ananias wignebi gaxlavT ukve saxelmZRvanelo. mec SemiZlia davamato erTi faqti petre iberis instrumentis saxelmZRvanelo gaxlavT qarTuli eklesiis istoriisa. TavisTavad ukve is faqti, rom misi Sromebi saxelmZRvanelo da samagido wignebs warmoadgens, gacilebiT ufro mets niSnavs, vidre romelime samecniero xarisxi, iqneba is sakandidato, iqneba is sadoqtoro. me minda, rom dRevandeli dRe ar darCes Cveni xmamaRali madlobis gareSe da me minda giTxraT, rom is istoria, romelsac meufe anania wers, sasuliero piris mier danaxuli eklesiis istoria ki ar aris mxolod, es aris namdvili saqarTvelos istoria, romelsac Cven didxans viyaviT moklebuli. minda erTi faqti davasaxelo: meufe ananiam Tavisi eklesiis istoriaSi axleburad daayena samociquli eklesiis sakiTxi, es aris sruliad didi damsaxureba meufe ananiasi, es aris SemoqmedebiTi damokidebuleba istoriisadmi, Tanamedroveobisadmi da aris didi sulieri simamace, romelic Zalian xSirad ase akliaT Cvens mecnierebs. is faqti, rom ewodeba Cvens eklesias ~samociqulo eklesia, marTlmadidebeli eklesia~, erovnuli ideologiuri mniSvneloba aqvs da marto am sakiTxis dayeneba da dasabuTeba imisa, rom Cveni eklesia samociquloa, ukve niSnavs erTi samecniero Sromis mowodebas, da meore is udidesi xarvezi, romelic qarTuli eklesiis istorias aqvs, kerZod, andria mociqulis mimosvlis sakiTxs, me TviTon vTqva mowme amerikaSi rom gaxlavarT. oci wlis win

wakiTxuli literaturiT javaxiSvilis saqarTveloSi. mier es

SemiZlia rom

gamocemuli literaturiT, andrias ara ar umogzauria saqarTvelos

magaliTad lorenski exeba saerTod mociqulTa Rvawls da is mimoxilvas ivane Sefasebas, Zalian didi andrias, nakli gaxlavT, mxolod

istoriisaTvis, aramed saerTod msoflio eklesiis istoriisaTvis, radganac andria mociquls daaklda is didi Rvawli da madli, romelic saqarTvelos winaSe gaswia da Tundac ai, am mxaris gamosworeba, am didi damsaxurebis Cveni meufisa, am disetaciisa, marto amisaTvis mas ekuTvnoda is xarisxi, romelsac eZiebda. kidev erTi sityva minda SemogkadroT: meuxerxuleba am didi RvawlisaTvis istoriul mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxis miniWeba. es saxelmZRvanelo da samagido wignebia, romelic yvela mecniers unda hqondes (taSi).

54

ciala ardaSelia (mwerali, publicisti)

uRrmesi

madloba

meufe

ananias,

kargad

brZana

qalbatonma

denizam,

xarisxze arc aris laparaki, uyoymanod unda mieces doqtoris xarisxi, CemTvis sxva azri ar arsebobs, metis Rirsia.

Tavmjdomare, daviT musxeliSvili (akademikosi):

Cveni sabWos muSaobaSi dRes mniSvnelovani dRea, mniSvnelovani movlenaa, roca sasuliero piri icavs aq samecniero iyo naTqvami, xarisxs. Sua sasiamovnoa, rom esaa saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelmTavari batoni anania jafariZe. es saerTod mniSvnelovani movlenaa. saukuneebSi istorikosebi ZiriTadad iyvnen sasuliero pirebi, radganac isini iyvnen mwignobari nawili

sazogadoebisa. me minda aRvniSno, rom esaa Sua saukuneebis mimarTeba. amJamad neba mieciT istorikosebs imoqmedon ara rwmeniT, aramed mecnieruli

faqtorebiT. SeiZleba iyo magram esaa rwmenis sfero da rwmenis sfero araa mecnierebis sfero. didi siamovnebiT minda aRvniSno is Sefaseba, romelic miiRo batonma ananiam specialistebisagan, gadaWra, miuTiTebs, is rom man Tavisi amocana, dakisrebuli misia warmatebiT Seasrula urTulesi

romelic misgan moiTxovda didi gambedaobas globaluri sakiTxebis gadaWras. aq laparaki iyo, rom baton ananias miekuTvnos ufro maRali xarisxi, unda

vTqva, rom samwuxarod Cvens sabWos amis kompetencia ara aqvs, es ar aris biurokratiuli damokidebuleba, saWiroa mTeli procedura, romlis erTi safexuri gaviareT. meufe Tadeozis azrs davubrundebi, batoni anania mxne kacia da kidev imuSavebs da kidev SevikribebiT siamovnebiT. aRvniSnav kidev, radganac saxelmZRvaneloze iyo laparaki, Cven davsvamT am sakiTxs, am wigniT ukve sargebloben, Tuki saxelmZRvanelos gakeTebaa,

saxelmZRvanelos baton ananiaze ukeT veravin gaakeTebs. aucilebelia swavleba am wigniT. es problema gadaiWreba. dRevandeli disertanti aris bednieri SemTxveva, roca rwmena da codna erTmaneTs eTanxmeba, RmerTma ise qnas safuZveli, romelic meufem Cauyara, ganmtkicdes. saqarTveloSi adre samRvdeloebas CamoSorda is funqcia, romelic mas hqonda sazogadoebaSi, meufe ananias saqmianobiT mas ubrundeba es funqcia. pirveli

55

mociquli Tu andria iyo saqarTveloSi, meufe anania aris CvenTan am saqmeSi (taSi). gancxadebisaTvis sityvas iTxovs iRumeni Sio. iRumeni mama Sio:

bednieri var rom es dRe dadga, roca Catexili xidi, romelic iyo sasuliero da saero sferoTa Soris, aRdga Cveni am SekrebiT. me xSirad vwuxdebodi, rom adamianebs ar esmiT saeklesio mxare. yovelTvis vcdilobdi am mxriv gamekeTebina rame da dRes es Tqven gaakeTeT. eris gamamTlianebeli, fexze damyenebebli aris misi inteligencia, da Tqven yvelaze xarT! me vamayob da Cveni istorikosebiT, yvelani gviyvarxarT vloculobT, yvelaTi

vamayobT. bednierebi varT, rom dRes TqvenTan var, Cven yvelani gTvliT Cvens maswavleblad da RmerTma daglocoT am lamazi funqciis tarebisaTvis. me minda rom rogorc es dRe iyo Zalian bevri sixarulis momniWebeli, minda rom SemogTavazoT Cvens monasterSi, Savnabadis monasterSi Tqveni stumroba. axla iq gaCvenebT praqtikulad, razec Tqven aq Teoriulad muSaobT. me vgrZnobdi aq madlis mosvlas. me bevrjer cremli momdioda Tqvens laparakze, qalbatoni rom gamovida da sxvebi. me minda Tu meufes ar vTxovo erTi ram, yvela ar saqmeSi gveqneba rogor

aucilebelia momavali

Semsrulebeli, me

gavzardeT

Semsrulebeli, ai, am

saqarTvelo.

gTxovT

istorikosebs,

kuTxiT,

muSaobdnen Cveni winaprebi, ra aris darCenili aqedan, rogor iyo istoriulad, struqtura, meurneoba, aRzrda da sxva. RmerTma daglocoT da gagaZlieroT. madloba meufes, rom ase uyvarxarT. Cven yvelani gaRiarebT Tqven Cvens gulSi doqtorad (mxiaruli xmauri).

Tavmjdomare:

batonebo,

davamTavroT,

iwyeba

kenWisyra

kenWrisyris

Sedegebs aqveynebs doqtori ilia tabaRua: ilia tabaRua: pativcemuli batonebo, sul sabWos wevria 16, eswreboda 15. xma misca 15-ma sadisertacio sabWos gadawyvetilebiT meufe ananias erTxmad mieniWa istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis xarisxi (taSi).

56

daskvna

mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis sakvalifikacio naSromze saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)

saqarTvelos

samociqulo

avtokefaliuri

eklesiis

kvleva-Zieba

gansakuTrebiT intensiurad mimdinareobda XIX saukunis bolosa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi. amis mizezi iyo qarTvel sasuliero da saero mecnierTa survili daemtkicebinaT ruseTis ruseTis wminda sinodisa I da msoflio sazogadoebisaTvis romliTac imperator, aleqsandre manifestis arakanoniereba,

administraciuli wesiT gaauqma saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia. qarTvel avtokefalistTa Tavdauzogavma brZolam Tavisi nayofi gamoiRo 1917 wlis 12 marts saqarTvelos eklesiam daibruna damoukidebloba da Seudga qarTveli eris cxovrebaSi dakarguli funqciis dabrunebisaTvis brZolas, magram 1921 wlis 25 Tebervlis Semdeg, roca xelmeored moxda saqarTvelos dapyroba aw ukve sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebze muSaoba oficialuri xelisuflebisaTvis miuRebeli iyo. qarTul istoriografiaSi poziciebidan. mTavarepiskoposis bolo samocdaaTi wlis manZilze Tu ram anania jafariZis mier sakandidato iwereboda saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebze umetesad aTeisturi

disertaciis Temis ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~ warmodgena misasalmebelia. igi miznad isaxavs qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebuli am seriozuli xarvezis aRmofxvras. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe qarTuli inteleqtualuri

sazogadoebisaTvis kargadaa cnobili. igi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis wminda sinodis wevria, manglisis eparqiis mmarTveli, amave dros presaSi gamoqveynebuli araerTi saintereso publikaciis avtori. ori aTeuli welia igi ikvlevs saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis problemebs. calke wignebad aqvs dabeWdili saqarTvelos eklesiis mravaltomeulis ori tomi. sadisertaciod warmodgenili naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlisa da Tormeti Tavisagan. Cven ar SevudgebiT TiToeuli Tavis Sinaarsis gadmocemas. SevecdebiT yuradReba gavamaxviloT naSromis Rirseba naklovanebebze. mTavarepiskoposi saqarTvelos anania jafariZe eklesiis naSromis samociqulo pirvel TavSi arkvevs sakiTxs.

avtokefaluri

saxelwodebis

57

qarTuli

da

ucxouri

wyaroebis

safuZvelze asabuTebs

akad.

iv.

javaxiSvilis

Tvalsazrisis

sawinaaRmdegod

andria

pirvelwodebulis

mociqulebrivi moRvaweobis realurobas I saukunis egrissa da iberiaSi. naSromis Rirsebaa isic, rom avtori saintereso Tvalsazriss aviTarebs III-IV saukuneebSi saqarTvelos eklesiis (pirobiTad) uflebrivi mdgomareobis ierusalim-antioqia-konstantinepolis egrissa da qarTlis samwysoebze. naSromSi kargadaa gaanalizebuli kavkasiaSi didi saeklesio sapatriarqoebis damokidebulebaze

ganxeTqilebis sakiTxebi. avtori dawvrilebiT ganixilavs saqarTvelos gaerTianebis sakiTxebs da qarTuli eklesiis rols gaerTianebis saqmeSi. aseve sainteresodaa warmoCenili religiur-konfensiuri problemebi XVI-XVIII saukuneebis saqarTveloSi, rodesac qveyana provinciul saqarTveloebad daiSala da daiwyo eklesiuri separatizmi (samcxis, dasavleT saqarTvelos, mcxeTis sakaTalikozodan gamoyofa)

saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurni ver gaumklavdnen erTis mxriv qveynis samxreTdasavleT nawilSi mahmadianobis, grigorianuli qristianobisa da kaTolike misionerebis propagandas da daiwyo qarTvelTa denacionalizaciis saSineli procesi. am viTarebaSi marTlmadidebloba qarTvelobis SenarCunebas niSnavda. ar iziarebs im Tvalsazriss, rom kaTalikos-patriarq anton I TiTqos kaTolikuri cdomileba hqonda. naSromSi kargadaa gaanalizebuli ruseTis mTavrobis imperialisturi miznebi saqarTvelos eklesiis mimarT, avtokefaliis gauqmeba, rusi

egzarqosebis antieklesiuri saqmianoba. brZola avtokefaliis aRsadgenad da avtokefaliis aRdgena. gvaqvs garkveuli SeniSvnebic: 1. sadavod migvaCnia avtoris Tvalsazrisi V saukuneSi qarTlis

samefosa da qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis Sav zRvasa da md. klisuraze rogor moxda (afxazeTi) ganvrcobis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos iurisdiqciis politikuri gavrceleba gaerTianebis sruliad dros mcxeTis rac

2. avtoreferatSi ar aisaxa afxazTa sakaTalikozos sakiTxi (VIII-X ss.), sakaTalikozos aucilebeli iyo. saqarTveloze,

58

3.

mTavarepiskoposi

anania

jafariZe

didi

xnis

manZilze

muSaobda

saqarTvelos eklesiis diptixis sakiTxebze marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris. misi gamokvleva daedo safuZvlad msoflios sapatriarqosgan saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis cnobas. sasurveli iyo avtoreferatSi asaxuliyo es sakiTxebi. es SeniSvnebi odnavac ar Crdilavs naSromis Rirsebebs. sulxan-saba orbelianis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri universitetis

istoriis fakultetis samecniero sabWo da saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedra naSroms afasebs dadebiTad. istoriis fakultetis dekani docenti s. vardosaniZe

saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamge, profesori sv. gamsaxurdia

pasuxi wamyvan organizacias

uRrmes madlobas movaxseneb sulxan-saba orbelianis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri universitetis istoriis fakultetis dekans, istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidats, docent sergo vardosaniZes da amave universitetis saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamges profesor sadisertacio naSromis dadebiTi SefasebisaTvis. rac Seexeba SeniSvnebs, mogaxsenebT Semdegs: 1. pativcemul Sesaxeb, rom V iurisdiqciis vrceldeboda. naSromSi saTanadod maqvs dasabuTebuli, rom uklebriv yvela Zveli qarTuli saistorio wyaro, ~moqcevai qarTlisais~, ~qarTlis cxovrebis~ recenzentebs Sav sadavod da miaCniaT da mdinare Cemi Tvalsazrisi imis svimon gamsaxurdias Cemi

saukuneSi

qarTlis zRvamde

samefosa

qarTlis

sakaTalikosos afxazeTSi

sazRvari

klisuramde

59

avtorebi, leonti mrovelis, juanSeris, vaxuStis monacemebi sxvadasxvagvari daskvnis gamotanis saSualebas ar iZlevian. akademikosi simon janaSia werda: ~juanSeris Sexedulebas, rom qarTlis mmarTvelis xelisufleba vrceldeboda ara mxolod marto sakuTriv qarTlze, kaxeTsa da tao-klarjeTze, aramed egriszec, afxazeTis samTavros sazRvramde, istoriuli marcvali udevs safuZvlad~. batonma zaza aleqsiZem miuTiTa, rom VII saukunisaTvis SemuSavebuli zepiri Tu werilobiTi tradicia ~qarTul eklesias da dasavleTis momcvelad warmoadgens~. ZvelqarTuli wyaroebi, rogorc aRvniSneT, qarTul eklesias, aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos momcvelad warmoadgens IV saukunidanve. ~yoveli SoTa mesxias TvalsazrisiT, qveynis politikuri erTobis qarTlis~ mTlianad aRmosavleTisa

mTlianobis SegrZneba arsebobda VIII saukunis Sua wlebamde~ (nark. II, gv. 19). akademikos daviT musxeliSvilis TvalsazrisiT, vaxtang gorgaslis

xanaSi egrisi qarTlis samefoSi Sedioda. axlaxans xelSi Camivarda V saukunis ruka, Sedgenili baton daviT musxeliSvilis mier, romelSic swored aseTi politikuri viTarebaa asaxuli. saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad, eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvari Tan gasdevs politikur-administraciuls. am kanonze dayrdnobiT miviCnevT, rom V saukuneSi qarTlis sakaTalikosos sazRvari gasdevda mematianeTa mier

aRniSnul qarTlis samefos saxelmwifo sazRvrebs. 2. pativcemuli recenzentebi aRniSnaven, rom avtoreferatSi ar aisaxa afxazTa sakaTalikosos sakiTxi (VIII-X saukuneebSi), rogor moxda saqarTvelos politikuri gaerTianebis dros mcxeTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciis gavrceleba sruliad saqarTveloze. aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb pativcemul recenzentebs movaxseneb, rom warmogenili sadisertacio naSromia: `saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua

sukuneebSi XII-XVII saukuneebi~, romelsac win erTvis qarTuli eklesiis istoriis mimoxilva I-VI saukuneebSi. VI saukunis Semdgomi xana XII saukunemde disertaciaSi ar aris asaxuli, amitomac arc avtoreferatSi aisaxa. magram, miuxedavad amisa, aRniSnul saukuneTa didi mniSvnelobis gamo maT Sesaxeb sxva TavebSi aris saTanado msjeloba. axlaxan gamoica saqarTvelos samociqulo

60

eklesiis

istoriis

II

tomi,

romelSic

aRniSnuli

sakiTxi

vrclad

aris

ganxiluli. 3. pativcemuli recenzentebi mesame SeniSvnaSi aRniSnaven, rom me didi xnis manZilze vmuSaobdi saqarTvelos eklesiis diptixis sakiTxze marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris, amitomac sasurvelad miiCnies, rom diptixis sakiTxi asaxuliyo avtoreferatSi. baton recenzentebs madlobas movaxseneb Cemi naSromis dafasebisaTvis, diptixis sakiTxze marTlac didxans vmuSaobdi, mis Sesaxeb vrceli msjeloba maqvs Cemi gamokvlevis II tomSi, rac Seexeba disertacias, masSi marTlac saTanadod ar aisaxa aRniSnuli sakiTxi, radgan diptixis Temas me mivakuTvneb XI saukunes saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Camoyalibebis xanas, masze vrclad ar SevCerebulvar, Tumca aRniSnul sakiTxs vexebi ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebasTan (1438-1445) dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis XV saukunis gadmocemisas.

kidev erTxel vmadlob da vlocav pativcemul recenzentebs.

gamoxmaureba mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromze ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~ (t.I, 1996, t.II, 1998) mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis~ ori tomi avtoris mravalwliani Sromis nayofia. am problemaze bevr swavluls umuSavia da muSaobs dResac, magram fundamenturi Semajamebeli monografiis Seqmna mis yovladusamRvdeloesobas xvda wilad. 1845 wlis Semdeg, roca platon ioselianma gamoaqveyna pirveli wigni saqarTvelos CamosaTvlelia. xarvezs. avtori problemas farTo masStabiT udgeba. igi saqarTvelos eklesiis istorias istoriuli ganixilavs saqarTvelos WrilSi. politikuri amitomac orientaciisa eklesiis da misi eklesiis meufe Sesaxeb, ananias dRemde am xasiaTis naSromebi TiTze am

ortomiani

naSromi

mniSvnelovnad

avsebs

ganviTarebis

sakuTriv

istoriis

sakiTxebis gaSuqebamde igi mimoixilavs qarTveli eris eTnogenezisis, misi

61

gansaxlebis, teritoriuli sazRvrebis, saxelmwifoebriobis, enisa da erovnul TviTSegnebasTan dakavSirebul mTel rig problemebs, rogorc aucilebel

substrats eklesiis istoriis ConCxis asagebad. am nawilSi avtori avlens saSur erudicias, rac uadvilebs mas urTules sakiTxebSi garkvevas da kvlevis swori mimarTulebiT warmarTvas. erT-erT mniSvnelovan siaxled naSromisa mimaCnia avtoris Tamami, magram bizantiur kanonikur wyaroebze uryevad dafuZnebuli debuleba, I-II saukuneebSi anu mociqulTa xanaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalurobis Sesaxeb. es savsebiT Seesabameba Tavdapirvel viTarebas saqristianoSi, vidre qristes

religia saxelmwifo aRmsareblobad gamocxaddeboda. aseve interess moklebuli ar aris avtoris msjeloba imis Taobaze, rom qarTlis eklesiis erovnul niadagze gadayvana (erovnebiT qarTveli kaTalikosis arCeva, qarTuli enisaTvis saliteraturo enis statusis miniWeba) ganpirobebuli qarTli asurul iyo sparseTis gavlenisagan. mamaTa xelisuflebis am gardamtex ramac mcdelobiT periods gaaZliera CamoeSorebinaT avtori eklesiis

berZnuli diofizit

ukavSirebs qarTlis

Camosvlas,

winaaRmdegoba somxuri monofizituri eklesiis mimarT. yovelive aman, rogorc avtori askvnis, xeli Seuwyo saqarTveloSi eklesiis avtokefalurobis aRdgenas (da ara mopovebas, rogorc SeiZleba gvefiqra). ortomian naSromSi bevri saintereso sakiTxia axleburad dayenebuli da gadawyvetili, bevri faqtobrivi masalaa koncentrirebuli TiToeuli gamoCndes,

problemis gadasawyvetad; zogierTi gadawyveta SeiZleba sadaodac miayenebs Crdils swavluli mRvdelmTavris monumentur naSroms. es mcire gamoxmaureba, bunebrivia, ver moicavs naSromSi

SeiZleba uzustobebic SevniSnoT, magram calkeuli xarvezebi odnavadac ver dayenebul

sakiTxTa CamoTvlasac ki. aRar vlaparakobT zogierTi maTganis gamowvlilviT warmoCenaze. davkmayofildebiT imis aRniSvniT, rom ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~ samamulo humanitaruli mecnierebis mniSvnelovani SenaZenia, romelic samagido wigni unda iyos ara mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis, aramed, sazogadod, qarTuli kulturis mkvlevarisaTvis. naSromi oTx tomad aris ganzraxuli. es imas niSnavs, rom igi mTlianad moicavs saqarTvelos eklesiis istorias misi Seqmnidan dRemde. Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom eklesiis istoria pirobiTi terminia: eklesia maradiuli awmyoa,

62

misi

ganviTarebis

yoveli

etapi

yovel

awmyoSi

anu

dResac

aqtualobas

inarCunebs. avtori ar aRiqvams am etapebs, rogorc absolutur warsuls. amis dasturia misi winadadeba imis Taobaze, rom saqarTvelos eklesia oficialurad iseve iwodebodes, rogorc mTeli istoriis manZilze iwodeboda: ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia~, nacvlad ~saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa~, romelic namdvilad ar gamoxatavs eklesiis arss istoriul perspeqtivaSi. saqarTvelos eklesia samociquloa Tavisi warmoSobiT, ramdenadac mociqulebis andriasa da simonis garda, rogorc avtori rwmeniT da sabuTianobiT

fiqrobs, qarTveli da qarTveluri tomebiT dasaxlebul teritoriaze sxva mociqulebsac uqadagniaT. saqarTvelos gamovTqva erTi eklesiis saxelwodebasTan Sromis dakavSirebiT mowiwebiT unda SeniSvna. Tumca saTaurSi saxelwodebad gatanili

~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia~, teqstSi xSiria SemTxveva mis Senacvlebisa ~qarTuli eklesiiT~, rac filetizmis ver Tumca terminologiur, is magram mainc ivane

gaumarTlebel javaxiSvili

gamovlenad mimaCnia.

gagvamarTlebs

faqti, rom

Tavis nawerebSi iyenebs termins ~qarTuli eklesia~. qristes eklesia ~erTi kaTolike da samociqulo

ar SeiZleba iyos, ~qarTuli~, iseve rogorc ~rusuli~, ~serbuli~ da sxva, aramed ~kaTolike~, rogorc mrwamsSi vkiTxulobT: eklesia~. rac Seexeba termins ~berZnuli eklesia~, igi aRmsareblobiTi cnebis gamomxatvelia da masSi erovnuli berZnuli ar igulisxmeba. dasasrul, samRvdeloTa droSi siamovnebiT erTi Tavis im unda aRvniSnoT, rom meufe anania Cvens

Soris

gamonaklisTagania, swavlul

romelic sasuliero

samwyemsTavro pirTa da

moRvaweobsTan erTad daucxromelad iRwvis samecniero asparezzec, riTac Cvens agrZelebs winamorbed mRvdelTmTavarTa arseni safarelis, efrem mciris, kaTolikosebis kirionis, kalistrates da sxvaTa Rvawls. vusurvebT meufe ananias wamowyebuli Sromis warmatebiT gansrulebas. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe naSromisaTvis ~saqarTvelos

samociqulo eklesia~ savsebiT imsaxurebs saZiebel samecniero xarisxs.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori z. kiknaZe

63

ramdenime mosazreba mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato disertaciaze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria~ (avtoreferatis mixedviT)

amTaviTve

unda

iTqvas,

rom

mTavarepiskopos

anania

jafariZis

~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis~ ortomeuli, Tavisi RirsebebiT warmoadgens qarTuli istoriografiis sayuradRebo SenaZens da mniSvnelovnad aWarbebs sakandidato disertaciisaTvis wayenebul moTxovnebs. avtoris umTavresi damsaxureba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom man qarTuli, bizantiuri da zogierTi sxva ucxouri wyaroebis momarjvebiT SeZlo daewera vrceli gamokvleva qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb. aseTi naSromis saWiroeba didi xania igrZnoboda da axla SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom qarTul istoriografiaSi arsebuli es xarvezi Sevsebulia. Cven xelT gvaqvs mecnierebis Tanamedrove donis Sesaferisi gamokvleva, romelic Tanabrad daainteresebs mkiTxvelebs rogorc sasuliero, ise saero wreebidan. avtoreferatidanac ki kargad sCans, Tu raoden didi raodenobis

wyaroebi da literatura Seuswavlia disertants. garda amisa, rom es xangrZliv da Sromatevad muSaobas moiTxovda, saWiro iyo am uamravi masalis ise gaazreba da ganzogadeba, rom avtors originaluri mkvlevaris pozicia ar daekarga. meufe anania jafariZem es SesaniSnavad SesZlo da mis wignSi mTeli rigi paragrafebisa aqamde istoriografiaSi gamouyenebeli masalebis mxolod mis mier moxmobis Sedegadaa dawerili. Cems mizans ar Seadgens yvela maTganis aRniSvna am mcire gamoxmaurebaSi. magram aucileblad mimaCnia erT maTganze mainc SevaCero yuradReba. es gaxlavT imis dasabuTeba, rom qarTuli eklesia samociquloa da igi Tavidanve iyo avtokefaluri, ramdenadac ~pirveli eklesiebi daarsebulni mociqulTa mier iyvnen avtokefalurni erTmaneTis mimarT (gv. 14). naSromis mTel Sinaars, avtoris kvlevisa da msjelobis maneras da arss aSkarad etyoba, rom ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~ sasuliero piris dawerilia, igrZnoba saRvTo werilis, saeklesio mwerlobis da saeklesio krebebis mier SemuSavebuli sjulis kanonebis Rrma codna da TxrobaSi maTi profesiuli gamoyeneba. es mxarec naSromis mniSvnelovan Rirsebas warmoadgens.

64

cxadia, ase vrceli wignebis dawera Tumca Cvenis azriT, mTavarepiskopos

xarvezebis gareSe SeuZlebelia, jafariZis naSroms arsebiTi

anania

xasiaTis naklovanebani ar axasiaTebs. survilis saxiT ki gvinda SevniSnoT, rom meored gamocemisas avtorma meti yuradReba unda miaqcios saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis periodizaciis problemebs. yoveli ganmazogadebeli saistorio xasiaTis naSromisaTvis es sakiTxTa sakiTxia. amdenad, gamokvlevis Tavebad saukuneebis gamoyofa, rogorc es warmodgenil sadisertacio naSromSia mocemuli mTlad gamarTlebulad ver CaiTvleba. ramdenadac arc mTavrdeba rogorc periodizaciis dros. dasawyisSive vTqviT, mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, warmodgenili naSromiT savsebiT imsaxurebs istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxs. - yvela saukunis dasawyissa Tu dasasruls ar iwyeba da romlebic SeiZleba niSansvetad gamodges

movlenebi,

quTaisis saxelmwifo universitetis saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamge, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori: g. mWedliZe

gamoxmaureba

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato disertaciaze ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromi - ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~ - vfiqroT, gansakuTrebuli movlenaa qarTul istoriografiaSi. eklesiis arsebiTad, esaa pirveli cda Seiqmnas saistorio saqarTvelos mecnierebis istoriis ganmazogadebeli monografia

miRwevebis gaTvaliswinebiT. rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelos ekleiis istoriis sakiTxebis kvleva XIX saukunis II naxevarSi daiwyo. igi gaaqtiurda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis periodSi (1905 wlidan). Seiqmna ramdenome monografia, maT Soris ganmazogadebeli naSromebic, magram 1917 wlis

65

revoluciis

Semdeg

am

mimarTulebiT

muSaoba

TiTqmis

sruliad

Sewyda

aTeisturi reJimis damyarebis Sedegad. ukanasknel xanebSi saqarTvelos masalebi, saqarTvelos eklesiis ara istoriis sakiTxebis erTi Sesaxeb da kvleva, ori gamovlinda

kvlav ganaxlda axali saistorio magram Seqmnis

daiwera

sayuradRebo

monografia, naSromis

pirveli

ganmazogadebeli

pativi saeklesio moRvawes mTavarepiskopos ananias xvda wilad. Cveni azriT, es araa SemTxveviTi movlena, aramed ukanasknel aTwleulebSi saqarTvelos eklesiis aRorZinebis naTeli gamoxatuleba. qarTuli eklesia tradiciulad mecnieruli codnisa da literaturuli Semoqmedebis burji iyo. swavla-

ganaTlebisaTvis zrunva da mecnieruli kvleva eklesias Tavis erT-erT mTavar funqciad miaCnda. sasixaruloa, rom eklesiis gaaqtiureba, pirvel yovlisa, am aspeqtiT gamovlinda. saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sruli kursis Seqmnis sapatio amocanis gadawyveta mxlod didi erudiciisa da gaqanebis, titanuri Sromis unaris mqone mkvlevars SeeZlo, romelsac maRal niWierebasTan erTad, saqmisadmi fanatikuri siyvaruli da monumenturi Tanamedrove erTguleba anania naSromi, qarTul unda hqonoda. aseTi avtori siamovnebiT mkvlevari Zvel dayrdnobiT, unda aRiniSnos, rom Cvens winaSea da wyaroebze mTavarepiskoposi swored romlis aRmoCnda.

saistorio

istoriografiaze

detalurad

ganixilavs

saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis TiTqmis yvela sakiTxs, romelTa mometebuli nawili daskvna. eklesiis istoria imdenad mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli qveynis politikur istoriasTan, rom maTi urTierTizolirebuli Seswavla SeuZlebelia. amitom mTavarepiskoposis ananias naSromSi didi adgili eTmoba qarTuli eris istoriis yvela didmniSvnelovan sakiTxs. eklesiis istoria warmodgenilia qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri, eTnikuri, politikuri da kulturuli panoramis fonze. aseTma globalurma kvlevam avtors SeaZlebina axleburad gaeazrebina ara marto sakuTriv eklesiis problematika, aramed qveynis saero istoriac. wignSi imdeni mecnieruli siaxlea (rogorc hipoTezebisa da calkeul movlenaTa axleburi interpretaciis, ise mtkice argumentaciaze damyarebuli axleburadaa gaazrebuli, gamotanilia mravali didmniSvnelovani

66

mtkicebulebis saxiT), rom maTi marto CamoTvla albaT ramdenime aTeul gverds daikavebda. avtori xSirad ubrundeba da aRrmavebs wina TavebSi ganxilul sakiTxebs, axali argumentaciiT asabuTebs adre gamoTqmul debulebebs. unda aRiniSnos, rom naSromSi Camoyalibebulia araerTi saxelmZRvanelo debuleba. SemuSavebulia koncefcia saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis roli

mociqulebrivi qarTvelTa

warmomavlobisa,

xazgasmulia aRdgenis,

qarTuli eris

eklesiis

erovnuli

TviTSegnebis

zneobrivi

amaRlebis,

kulturis aRorZinebis saqmeSi. naSromSi daZleulia araerTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxis mcdari gadawyvetis stereotipi. siamovnebiT ikiTxeba. unda aRiniSnos, rom dReisaTvis sulxan-saba sadac saqarTvelos orbelianis 6 welia, eklesiis saxelobis muSaobs istoriis specialuri kursi ramdenime sasuliero da saero saswavlebelSi erT-erTi maTgania Tbilisis

saxelmwifo

pedagogiuri

universiteti,

ukve

qristianuli kulturis istoriis kaTedra. qristianuli kulturis istoriis specialobis studentTaTvis aq bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis mixedviT istoriis ikiTxeba. kursi ZiriTadad am mTavarepiskopos SesaniSnavi ananias naSromis

vfiqrobT,

naSromis

mniSvneloba

momavalSi ufro ukeT warmoCndeba.

Tbilisis sulxan-saba orbelianis saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri universitetis qarTuli qristianuli kulturis istoriis kaTedris gamge, profesori lela xaCiZe

amave kaTedris ufrosi maswavlebeli eqvTime (Tamaz) koWlamazaSvili

67

recenzia

istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenil mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~ istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad

warmodgenili mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromi ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria yvelaze Tu vityvi, (Sua saukuneebi)~, aqtualuri rom Tbilisi 1999, saqarTvelos istoriis erT-erTi miZRvnil da

problemis qarTuli

Seswavlisadmi eklesia

fundamenturAmonografiul gamokvlevas warmoadgens, originaluri ar viqnebi marTlmadidebluri saqarTvelosa qarTveli eris gadarCenis mniSvnelovani faqtori iyo da aseTad rCeba dResac. saukuneTa manZilze qarTul erovnul TviTSegnebas, erovnul TviTmyofadobas, erovnul Tavmoyvareobas qristianuli eklesia asazrdoebda. qarTuli eklesia iyo sulierebis is navsayudeli, Sedegad romelic zogjer omebis, srul sxvadasxva juris misul

dampyrobelTa unergavda. qarTuli

Semosevebis

ganadgurebamde

qarTvelobas sicocxlis gagrZelebis survils da ukeTesi momavlis rwmenas eklesia-monastrebi udidess saganmanaTleblo kerebs

warmoadgendnen. iqaa swored saZiebeli qarTuli damwerlobis hagiografiuli da saistorio mwerlobis materialuri da sulieri kulturis saTaveebi. Tanamedrove etapze qarTuli eklesiis istoriisadmi miZRvnil seriozul samecniero sasicocxlo gamokvlevebis mniSvneloba Seqmnas eniWeba. sruliad miuxedavad gansakuTrebuli, imisa, rom dRes cdilobs me vityodi, momavali saqarTvelo

damoukidebeli

demokratiuli qveyanaa,

romelic

Tavisi

saxelmwifoebriobis Senoba samarTlebriv safuZvelze aagos, qarTuli eklesia sakmaod rTuli problemebis winaSe dgas. upirveles yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi maqvs Cvens qveyanaSi sxvadasxva konfesiebisa da marTlmadidebluri

eklesiisadmi sakmaod agresiulad ganwyobili seqtebis momravleba, ramac ar SeiZleba ziani ar miayenos saqarTvelos sazogadoebis sulier samyaros da saukuneTa manZilze gamomuSavebul tradiciebsa da Rirebulebebs.

68

am

viTarebaSi

mTavarepiskoposis

anania

jafariZis

naSromis

gamoCena,

romelic saqarTvelos patriarqis, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II-is locvakurTxeviTaa STagonebuli, sinaTlis Suqs hgavs, romelmac qveyanaSi arsebuli sulieri burusi unda gafantos. sarecenzio naSroms araerTi Rirseba gaaCnia: upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos misi wyaroTmcodneobiTi bazis

simdidre da mravalferovneba. avtori farTod iyenebs ZvelqarTul saistorio mwerlobas hagiografiis ~martvilobai (~moqcevai Sedevrebs wmindisa qarTlisai~-s (~wamebai evstaTi sxvadasxva wmindisai redaqciebis), SuSanikisi ~wamebai qarTuli

dedoflisai~, ~wamebai

mcxeTelisai~,

haboisi...~,

yrmaTai ricxviT cxraTa~, ~cxovrebai da moqalaqeobai iovane zedaznelisai~ da sxva), kanonikuri xasiaTis Zeglebs, msoflio saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebebs, mociqulTa kanonebs, eklesiis mamebis epistoleebs, saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis kanonebs, Zvel liturgikul kanonikuri Zeglebs, saeklesio iuridiul (~didi

dokumentebs,

saeklesio

kodeqsis

qarTul

Targmanebs

sjuliskanoni~ da ~mcire sjuliskanoni~). sadisertacio somxurisparsuli gaTvaliswinebulia monapovari. yvela CamoTvlili da sxva am rigis aTeulobiT werilobiT wyaroebs disertanti istoriul-SedarebiTi meTodis gamoyenebiT moSveliebiT iazrebs. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe srulad flobs arCeuli sakvlevi problemis irgvliv dRes arsebul samecniero literaturas. avtori aqac farTo erudicias da kritikuli analizis misabaZ unars amJRavnebs. naSromSi STambeWdavadaa warmodgenili qarTuli eklesiis Seswavlis gamokvlevaSi da bolo osmaluri wlebSi sruladaa moxmobili berZnul-laTinuri, amasTanave werilobiTi saqarTveloSi wyaroebic.

mopovebuli arqeologiuri

istoria Sua saukuneebidan moyolebuli dRemde, efrem mciredan dawyebuli XX s-is 80-90 wlebSi qarTveli da ucxoeli avtorebis mier Seqmnili samecniero produqciiT damTavrebuli. Tamamad warmoadgens. magaliTia. SeiZleba igi iTqvas, rom mTavarepiskoposis kompleqsuri anania jafariZis sanimuSo sadisertacio gamokvleva qarTuli eklesiis Seswavlis axal seriozul etaps sakvlevi problemis Seswavlis

69

miuxedavad imis, rom disertaciis qvesaTaurSi sakvlevi periodi Sua saukuneebiTaa Semofargluli, Tavad naSromSi qarTuli eklesiis 20 saukunovani istoria Tanmimdevrulad da sistemuradaa warmodgenili. bunebrivia, rom ~qarTuli eklesiis istoria (~Sua saukuneebi)~ araerT sayuradRebo da angariSgasawev siaxles Seicavs. mTavari ki mainc isaa, rom qarTuli eklesiis 20 saukunovani istoria faqtobrivad pirvelad daiwera. axalia avtoris mier problemis kvlevis kompleqsuri meTodic. axalia

avtoriseuli argumentebi I-II saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiis arsebobis Taobaze. axalia disertantis axali msjeloba religiisa Sesaxeb. Tanaxmadac, qarTulSi da sagareo ar qristianobis politikuri gamocxadebis orientaciis im axal zewolis

garemoebaTa, Tezasac,

urTierTmimarTebaTa romlis

Znelia

daeTanxmo

avtoriseul zemodan

qarTuli

sazogadoeba

miuxedavad, ~Semzadebuli iyo~ IV s-Si oficialur religiad qristianobis gamocxadebisaTvis. axalia avtoris mier gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisi IV-V ss-Si qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis lokalizaciis Sesaxebac da a. S. sadisertacio naSromis struqtura savsebiT Seesabameba mis miznebsa da amocanebs. igi Sedgeba Sesavalis, Tormeti Tavisa da daskvnisagan. naSroms axlavs sruliad unikaluri danarTi wmidaTa saxelebi. mTavarepiskoposis Sinaarsi da anania didi jafariZis xania, sadisertacio farTodaa naSromis ZiriTadi Cvens

debulebebi

rac

aprobirebuli

mkiTxvel sazogadoebaSi. disertantis avtorobiT Seqmnili ortomeuli, 1996-1998 wlebSi gamoqveynebuli ~saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, imTaviTve iqca saqarTvelos istoriisa da kulturis istoriiT dainteresebuli farTo wreebis samagido wignad. igive SeiZleba eris iTqvas mTavarepiskoposis Sesaxeb~, Tb., iseT 1997, naSromebze, rogoricaa ~qarTveli warmoSobis

~qarTvelTa winaprebis bibliuri istoria~, Tb., 1994, narkvevebze ~saingilo~, Tb., 1998, ~mesxeTi~, Tb., 1998 da sxva avtoriseul gamokvlevebze. axla Tu yovelive zemoaRniSnuls SevajamebT, im erTaderT marTebul daskvnamde jafariZis saukuneebi)~, fundamentur mivalT, rom sapaeqrod naSromi 1999, warmodgenili ~saqarTvelos romelic mTavarepiskoposis eklesiis scildeba istoria mwyobr anania (Sua axal sadisertacio Tbilisi, mecnierul

warmoadgens

konceptualurad

gamokvlevas,

sakandidato

70

disertaciisadmi wayenebul moTxovnebs da udavod ufro maRal samecniero xarisxs imsaxurebs.

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis saqarTvelos istoriisa da qarTuli kulturis istoriis kaTedris gamge, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da eTnografiis institutis mTavari mecnier TanamSromeli, qarTveli xalxis eTnogenezis kompleqsuri Seswavlis saproblemo jgufis xelmZRvaneli, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori n. xazaraZe

Tbilisi, 25 ivnisi 1999 w.

gamoxmaureba mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato disertaciis avtoreferatze - ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~ saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebi didi xania sxvadasxva Taobis rogorc qarTvelTa, ise araqarTvel mkvlevarTa yuradRebas imsaxurebs. eklesia Cveni saxelmwifosa da misi mravalsaukunovani istoriis sisxlxorceuli nawili, arasodes yofila gulgrili im sazogadoebrivi procesebis mimarT, rasac periodulad adgili hqonda Cvens istoriaSi. amdenad, ukanaskneli aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi adamianTa cxovrebaSi momxdarma gardaqmnebma TavisTavad moiTxoves axleburi damokidebuleba religiuri da saeklesio faseulobebis mimarT. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom mniSvnelovanma siaxleebma Tavi iCina TviT eklesiis

cxovrebaSic, maSin advili gasagebi iqneba saqarTvelos patriarqis uwmindesisa da unetaresis ilia meoris davaleba sinodis wevrebisadmi moemzadebinaT masalebi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisa da saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilis Sesaxeb msoflio marTlmadideblur samyaroSi, rac ara marto drouli, aramed imis maniSnebelic iyo, rom aucileblobidan gamomdinare mecnieruli siaxleebis da RirebulebaTa gadafasebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda Seqmniliyo naSromi, romelic srulad warmoaCenda saqarTvelos eklesiis did Rvawls qarTveli eris, misi

71

saxelmwifoebriobisa da saerTod msoflio qristianobis istoriaSi. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, pativcemuli disertanti movale iyo gaeTvaliswinebina ara marto is memkvidreoba, rac arsebobda mecnierebaSi sakvlev sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aramed Seevso kidec isini dRemde ucnobi masalebiT da aseve sruliad axleburad warmoeCina rigi sakiTxebisa. amis Sesaxeb kargad aris miTiTebuli avtoreferatSi (ix. gv. 4. - ~samecniero siaxle~) pativcemuli disertantis mier muSaobis procesSi gamoyenebuli kvlevis meTodologia da meTodebi mas warmoaCens, rogorc fundamentalur mkvlevars, xolo misTvis, rogorc istorikosisaTvis, aZlevs damaxasiaTebeli mokled analitikuri mogvawodos

azrovneba maTganis

saSualebas mimarT

avtoreferatSi

pirvelwyaroebi, moaxdinos maTi urTierTSejereba da miuxedavad zogierTi mecnierebaSi arsebuli araerTgvarovani damokidebulebisa Tavisi kritikuli poziciac warmoaCinos. avtoreferatic ki naTlad gviCvenebs mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis

mravalwlian da nayofier Sromas, romlis gareSec ver Seiqmneboda is sqeltaniani ori tomi saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriisa, win rom uswrebdnen warmodgenil disertacias. orive maTgani aris seriozuli samecniero gamokvleva, romelic ukve qarTvel mkvlevarTa samagido wignebad gamxdaran. avtoreferatSi miTiTebuli sakvlev sakiTxTa Tematika iseT speqtrs qmnis,

romelTagan zogierTis gverdis avla avtors, cxadia, SeeZlo, magram dairRveoda mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirTa sinqroni, riTac esoden mdidaria referati. SeuZlebelia ar aRiniSnos, rom iSviaTia araTu sakandidato, aramed sadoqtoro disertaciac, romelic Sedgebodes XII Tavisa da 62 paragrafisagan. marto saTaurebic ki gviCvenebs Tu raoden mravalmxrivia sakvlevi problema. pativcemuli disertanti Tavisuflad moZraobs rogorc istoriul sivrceebSi, ise mravalwaxnagovan problematikaSi da yvela debulebas, daskvnas Sesabamisi kriteriumebiT ganxilul warmoaCens. miukerZoeblad bevrad unda iTqvas, rom avtoreferati disertacias,

sakiTxTa

sisruliT

sWarbobs Rrma

sakandidato

xolo misi avtori warmogvidgeba rogorc mravalmxrivi mkvlevari, romlis pirovnebaSic SesaniSnavad Serwymula qristianul-marTlmadidebluri suliereba, didi patriotizmi da mecnierisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli obieqturoba.

72

naSromis praqtikul Rirebulebad unda CaiTvalos is, rom Cvens mier misma saxelmZRvanelod gamoyenebam universitetis Teologiis specialobis studentebTan didi mowoneba daimsaxura. yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, rom pativcemuli

disertanti, mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, avtoreferatSi dasmul sakiTxTa siaxleebiTa da gadawyvetis originalurobiT savsebiT imsaxurebs istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxs. avtoreferatis mimarT gvaqvs erTi SeniSvna sadisertacio naSromis saTaurTan dakavSirebiT, sadac frCxilebSi miTiTebulia Sua saukuneebi, albaT ufro upriani iqneboda saTauri Sua saukuneebis miTiTebis gareSe darCeniliyo, rameTu warmodgenili masala Tavisi masStabiT aRniSnul epoqaSi ar Tavsdeba da dRevandlamde modis; gvxvdeba oriod teqnikuri Secdomac magaliTad:

apeqtebi (unda iyos aspeqtebi), Semdgenili (Semdgeneli) da sxva. aRniSnulis miuxedavad, Cveni Sefaseba ucvlelia samecniero xarisxis miniWebasTan dakavSirebiT. mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromi da warmodgenili disertacia pirveli cdaa im mravalmxrivi kavSirebis aRdgenisa, romelic saukuneebis

ganmavlobaSi amTlianebda Cvens qveyanaSi codnasa da rwmenas, ersa da bers, eklesiasa da saxelmwifos. pativcemul disertants vusurvebT warmatebebs sasuliero da samecniero moRvaweobis rTul gzaze.

Tsu religiaTmcodneobisa da eTikis kaTedris docenti r. wiqvaZe

Tsu religiaTmcodneobisa da eTikis kaTedris gamge, profesori T. fanjikiZe

73

recenzia mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom nebismieri qveynis saistorio mecniereba SeuZlebelia Seswavlil iqnes im qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi sarwmunoebis gareSe, romelsac misi eri ZvelTagan eziara. aRniSnuli, udavod udgeba qristianuli sjulis qarTuli amasTan, matarebel xalxTa am erovnul kuTxiT qarTul istoriografiasac, seriozuli mravali vakuumis romlis erT-erTi moeqca, da mis

nimuSic qarTuli istoriuli azrovnebacaa. samwuxarod, nebiT, Tu uneblied istoriografia is valSi mimarTebaSi. sferoSi eklesiasa aRmoCnda marTlmadideblur mizezi

istoriasTan

saamiso

arsebobs:

epoqaluri

politikuri kataklizmebi, Sida saxelmwifoebrivi dabneulobani, sasuliero literaturis friad saxasiaTo Taviseburebani da a.S. qarTuli qristianuli eklesiis istoriis istoriis obieqturi gaSuqeba qarTvel mecnieruli Seswavla, misi aucilebel faqtorad daxmarebiT rig politikur-ekonomikur, kulturul viTarebebSi garkveva; misi swavlulTa

miiCneoda da eWvgareSea, qarTuli sazogadoebriobis istoriis Seswavlac mis gareSec odiTgan SeuZlebeli iyo, radgan eklesia, rogorc mZlavri saxelmwifo organizacia, istoriulad udides rols asrulebda qveynis saSinao, Tu sagareo politikaSi, misi erT-erTi mniSvnelovnad mamoZravebeli Zala iyo. mravali saukunis manZilze, qarTuli eklesia gamodioda qveynis gaerTianebis iniciatorad, saxelmwifos ideologiis mesaWed, is ideologiurad aerTianebda sazogadoebis sxvadasxva socialur fenebs, mniSvnelovani dadebiTi wvlili Sehqonda sazogadoebriv-politikur moZraobebSi, saTaveSi edga eris kulturul cxovrebas da a.S. albaT, amiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom qarTveli eris inteleqtualuri nawili eklesiasTan iyo dakavSirebuli; qarTuli

marTlmadidebluri eklesia odiTgan moazrovne, erisa da qveynis moWirnaxule, inteleqtualuri fenis samWedlo iyo. qarTuli mentalitetic. wlebis swored aq da mis fonze yalibdeba mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs sabWoTa manZilze,

periodi am mimarTulebiT SeZlebisdagvarad mainc keTdeboda sasikeTo saqme. Tumca, istoriuli materializmisa da uxeSi aTeizmis ganuyofeli batonobis viTarebaSi eklesiis istoria erT-erT tabudadebul Temad iTvleboda.

74

aseT

viTarebaSi,

misasalmebelia da

is

faqti,

rom

qarTuli Tavis

marTlmadidebluri eklesia

misi sasuliero

krebuli agrZelebs

istoriul misias, uzrdis ers sasuliero inteligenciis iseT nawils, romelic erovnul istoriografias moemsaxureba, romelsac zedmiwevniT aqvs gaazrebuli is faqti, rom SeuZlebelia saqarTvelos istoriis nebismieri periodi sobieqturi Seswavla eklesiis istoriis metad rTul labirinTebSi garkvevis gareSe. aseTis SesaniSnavi dasturi gaxlavT sajaro paeqrobaze warmodgenili mTavarepiskoposis anania jafariZis sakvalifikacio monografia ~saqarTvelos eklesiis msvleloba istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~. da sagulisxmoa, misi samwyos rom naSromis mTeli

qarTuli

eklesiisa naSromis

mWidro

urTierTobaTa is, rom orive

daxasiaTebis fonze iSleba. sakvalifikacio udides Rirsebd migvaCnia warmodgenili subieqturi da obieqturi faqtorebic urTierTSevsebis SesaniSnav nimuSadaa warmodgenili. avtori naSromSi ara erT siaxles iZleva: mohyavs saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis, rogorc socialuri institutis CarCo daarsebis da misi periodizacia; sirTule, misi iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi da a.S. sakvlevi wyaroebisa guldasmiT da da Temis qronologiuri agreTve, damxmare bejiT literaturis iTxovda, didi moculoba disetantisagan Sinaarsidan,

Sromas

rogorc

naSromis

sqolioebidan da TandarTuli bibliografiidan Cans, mas am mimarTulebiT muSaobisas mcdeloba ar dauklia. SeiZleba gadauWarbeblad iTqvas, rom

sadisertacio naSromi am mxriv sanimuSoa. disertantis mecnierul brunvaSi Semoaqvs didZali wyaroebi da literatura, romelic dRemde nakleb Seswavlili, an sruliad ucnob-ukvlevi iyo. rac yvelaze sagulisxmoa, disertantma kargad gaarTva Tavi eklesiis cnobili,

istoriis uamravi masalis damorCilebas da mis mecnierul analizs. misi yoveli debuleba saTanado faqtebiT dasabuTebulia, xolo yoveli movlena

ganzogadebuli. mTeli pasuxismgeblobiT iTqmis, rom samecniero gamokvleva am mxrivac sanimuSo da misabaZia. ZiriTadad dasabuTebulad da gamarTlebulad warmoCinda gamokvlevis arqiteqtonikac. disertants is dauyvia 12 Tavad, naSroms erTvis Sesavali, daskvniTi nawili, bibliografia da wmindanTa saxelebis vrceli nusxa.

75

sadisertacio naSromi saerTod Sesrulebulia saTanado mecnierul da meTodologiur ganzogadoebebs. doneze, moicavs saintereso da faseul daskvnebsa da da

disertacia

dasrulebuli

gamokvlevaa

qarTuli

istoriografiis Tanamedrove donis Sesabamisad wyvets mis amocanebs zemoT dasaxelebul sferoSi. misi ZiriTadi Rirseba isaa, rom kompleqsur xasiaTs atarebs da monogafiurad aSuqebs Sua saukuneebis xangrZliv periods. mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSroms seriozuli wvlili Seaqvs Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaSi, romlis umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa

daZlios sabWour periodSi Seqmnili vakuumi da Seqmnas qarTuli eklesiis istoria. sruli pasuxismgeblobiT pirveli axlad da erTaderTi SemoRebuli qarTuli SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is jer-jerobiT umaRles istoriis saswavleblebSi disciplinis gamokvlevaa, romelic eklesiis

saxelmZRvanelos rols asrulebs. sarecenzio Temis aqtualoba, naSromis wyaroTmcodneobiTi bazis soliduroba, msjelobis argumentuloba, safuZvliani daskvnebi saSualebas iZleva warmodgenili naSromi dasrulebul samecniero gamokvlevad miviCnioT, romelic did wvlils Seitans qarTuli istoriografiis Semdgomi kvlevis saqmeSi. iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis, kulturis istoriisa da Teoriis kaTedris profesori, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori qeTevan pavliaSvili

gamoxmaureba

mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sakandidato naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebSi)~ warmodgenili sakvalifikacio Sromis saTauria ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi (XII-XVIII ss.)~, Tumca igi faqtobrivad, moicavs

mTlianad saqarTvelos eklesiis istorias ax. w.a. I saukunidan XX saukunis CaTvliT. Sromis Sinaarsi gadmocemulia Tormet TavSi. TviToeuli Tavi kidev moicavs samidan rva paragrafamde.

76

Sromas win uZRvis agreTve Sesavali, romelSic mocemulia

eklesiis

istoriis periodizacia, wyaroebis da istoriografiis mimoxilva. bolos ki darTuli aqvs wmindanTa saxelebi. disertanti ucxour Tavis da kvlevaSi iyenebs yvela xelmisawvdom avtori qarTul da wyaroebsa literaturas. amave dros, gansakuTrebul

mniSvnelobas aniWebs berZeni saeklesio mkvlevaris maqsime sardelis mier gamocemul masalebs qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb (aTeni, 1966;

rusuli Targmani 1981 w.). sakvalifikacio Sromis publikaciebidan da avtoreferatidanac kargad Cans, rom umdidresi sulieri disertantma gaswia uzarmazari Sroma, raTa uamrav sakiTxTa Soris istoria. amasTanave, Sromis mizania eklesiis aCvenos mier qarTveli gaweuli xalxis Rvawli. SeerCia ZiriTadi, mTavari da mwyobr sistemaSi moeyvana saqarTvelos eklesiis gadarCenisaTvis saqarTvelos

yuradRebas iqcevs avtoris debuleba, rom saqarTvelos eklesia daarsda I-II saukuneebSi da misi iurisdiqcia im periodSi, aRmosavleT da dasavleT

saqarTvelozec vrceldeboda (avtoreferati, gv. 4). disertantis damsaxurebad unda CaiTvalos, rom man SeZlo Tanabrad, saqmis codniT, gadmoeca qarTuli eklesiis istoria uZvelesi droidan dRemde. aseTi ganmazogadebeli naSromis Seqmna Zalze did energiasa da Sromas moiTxovs, rasac disertantma kargad gaarTva Tavi. mis Sromas didi praqtikuli mniSvneloba aqvs. bunebrivia, aseT mravlismomcvel naSromTan dakavSirebiT, sadavo

debulebebi da sakiTxebic araerTi wamoiWreba. naSromi warmoadgens mravalwlovani, energiuli gamowvlilviTi kvlevis Sedegs. igi misaRebia rogorc sakvalifikacio naSromi, xolo misi avtori imsaxurebs istoriul mecnierebaTa kandidatis Ziebul samecniero xarisxs.

q. goris ekonomikur-humanitaruli institutis, saqarTvelos da msoflio istoriis kaTedris gamge, istoriul mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori istoriul mecn. kandidati, docenti el. mamisTvaliSvili v. kiknaZe

77

winaswari daskvna mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis sadisertacio naSromze ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria (Sua saukuneebi)~

istoriis

mecnierebaTa

kandidatis

samecniero xarisxis

mosapoveblad

warmodgenili naSromis ~saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria Sua saukuneebSi~ (XIIXVIII ss.) avtori saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wmida sinodis wevri, mangliswalkis eparqiis mTavrepiskoposia. da mas, meufe anania jafariZe ukve da mravali mecnier xarisxis wlebSi

monografiis anania mosapoveblad

avtoria jafariZis

rogorc istoriis

sasuliero mecnierebaTa

moRvawisa

istorikoss, kargad icnobs qarTveli mkiTxveli, samecniero sazogadoeba. mier samecniero 1996, 1998 warmodgenili naSromis vrceli varianti

gamoqveynda or tomad. dRes gansaxilveli naSromi am ortomiani Sromis mokle variants warmoadgens. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis aseTi vrceli da yovlismomcveli gamokvleva pirvelad Seiqmna. am metad saintereso naSromis avtori, rogorc iTqva, sasuliero piria. es imas niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi aris kadrebi, romelTac unari SeswevT aRadginon is Zveli tradicia, roca qarTveli sasuliero moRvaweebi sayovelTaod aRiarebuli monografiebis avtorebad gvevlinebodnen. sakvalifikacio naSromi 12 Tavisagan Sedgeba (TiToeuli Tavi dayofilia paragrafebad). naSroms darTuli aqvs daskvna. saerTod disertacia mravalricxovan saistorio wyaroze da samecniero literaturaze dayrdnobiTaa Sesrulebuli. sadisertacio aqtualuria. gansakuTrebiT naSromSi qarTuli dasmuli eklesiis da ganxiluli sakiTxebi am bolo metad wlebSi is interesi warsulisadmi

gaizarda. TavisTavad cxadia, prosabWour

xanaSi aRaraa

viTareba, romelic aferxebda erovnuli eklesiebis istoriis kvlevas. Tu ar CavTvliT calkeul saJurnalo gamokvlevebs (k. kekeliZe, iv. javaxiSvili, b. lominaZe da sxvani), komunisturi partiis samocdaaTwliani diqtatis xanaSi qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb eklesiis arcerTi monografia ar gamocemula. pirveli warmodgenili sadisertacio naSromi ki saSualebas gvaZlevs, Tvali gavadevnoT saqarTvelos samociquli istorias qristianobis

saukuneebidan dRemde. masSi dasmuli da ganxiluli yoveli sakiTxi metad

78

aqtualuria

da

saTanado

mecnierul

donezea

Sesrulebuli.

yovlive

zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT sakvalifikacio Temis aqtualoba eWvs ar iwvevs. sagangebod unda aRiniSnos naSromis wyaroTmcodneobis baza. avtori

Rrmad icnobs disertaciaSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb arsebul qarTul da ucxoenovan saistorio wyaroebs. maT cnobebs iyenebs konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

kvlevisas mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis mier miRebuli zogierTi daskvna originaluri da yuradsaRebia. yovelive es disertantis mecnierul alRoze da kvlevis unarze migviTiTebs. sadisertacio naSroms, romelic ZiriTadad XII-XVIII ss. saqarTvelos istorias eZRvneba, IV win s-Si uZRvis am vrceli istoriuli mimoxilva. saxelmwifo araa yuradReba religiad vrclad gamaxvilebulia gamocxadebis saqarTvelos mcire qristianobis

sakiTxze.

recenziaSi

saSualeba

vilaparakoT disertaciaSi wamoWril yvela sakiTxze, mxolod aRvniSnav, rom yvela sakiTxi saqarTvelos istoriis fonzea ganxiluli, rac naSroms

sainteresos xdis. disertaciaSi kargadaa warmoCenili qarTuli eklesiis roli qarTveli xalxis gadarCenisa da TavisTavadobis SenarCunebis saqmeSi. rogorc cnobilia, qarTul saxelmwifosa da qarTvel ers yvelaze mZime xana erTiani saqarTvelos Znelbedobisas calkeul samefo-samTavroebad eklesia ar dayofis X s. Semdeg daudga. aseT

qarTuli

iviwyebda

cnobili

saeklesio

moRvawis giorgi merCules anderZismagvar mowodebas: ~qarTlad friadi qveyanai aRiricxebis, romelsac Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Sewirvis da locvaT yoveli aResrulebis~. marTlac, am Znelbedobisas qarTuli eklesia yoveli kuTxis qarTvels patronobda. sadisertacio naSromSi kvleva ZiriTadad im mxrivaa warmarTuli, rom jerovnad warmoaCinos saqarTvelos eklesiis mier gaweuli Rvawli qarTveli xalxis sulieri gadarCenisaTvis. naCvenebia, rogor ibrZoda qarTuli eklesia calkeul ~saqarTveloebad~ danawevrebul qveyanaSi ar

gamqraliyo erTianobis grZnoba. rogorc naSromSia miTiTebuli, qarTuli eklesia marTalia V s-dan aris avtokefaluri, magram mas Semdeg rac ruseTis carizmma qarTuli eklesia ierarqiulad ruseTis sinods dauqvemdebara, qarTulma eklesiam karga xniT damoukidebloba bolosdabolos dakarga. 1943 wels marTalia, ruseTis 1917 wels aRdgenili magram avtokefalia msoflio anu eklesiam cno,

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konstantinopolisa da sxva sapatriarqoebs saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia dausabuTeblad miaCndaT. sakamaTo iyo qarTuli eklesiis adgili msoflio marTlmadideblur diptixSi. qarTvel mecnierTa da sasuliero moRvaweTa

erToblivi muSaobiT, saTanado gamokvlevebSi dadasturebuli iqna qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaloba. am saqmeSi Tavis wvlili Seitana mTavarepiskoposma anania jafariZem. misi uwmindesobis saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis ilia IIis didi ZalisxmeviT 1990 wels msoflio patriarqma daadastura saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia da marTlmadideblur avtokefalur eklesiaTa rigSi myarad gansazRvra saqarTvelos eklesiis adgili. sadisertacio naSromSi am sakiTxze vrcladaa msjeloba. aRniSnulis garda, sakvalifikacio naSromSi uamravi sakiTxia mier axleburad dasmuli da ganxiluli. marTalia, SesaZloa iyos disertantis gamoTqmuli yvela mosazreba saTanado doneze ar

dasabuTebuli, zogi daskvna ar gaiziaro, magram maT arsebobis ufleba aqvT. yovelive Tqmuli safuZvels maZlevs aRvniSno, rom mTavarepiskopos anania jafariZis naSromi saTanado mecnierul donezea Sesrulebuli. avtori

uyoymanod imsaxurebs Ziebul xarisxs. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriisa da EeTnografiis institutis saqarTvelos Suasaukuneebis ganyofilebis ufrosi mecnieri TanamSromeli e. kaWarava

80