Elementary Statistics

ELEMENTARY STATISTICS SBST 1303
FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT
SEMESTER SEPTEMBER 2012
SBST 1303
ELEMENTARY STATISTICS
MATRICULATION NO
820105125525001
IDENTITY CARD NO.
820105125525
TELEPHONE NO.
014-3729894
E-MAIL
davidbalanting@yahoo.com
LEARNING CENTRE
SABAH LEARNING CENTRE
QUESTION 1
a) n = 51
Approximate number of classes (K)
K 1+3.3log(n)
1+3.3log(51)
6.6
As this is an approximation we would choose integer 6 as the approximate number of
classes.
Class Width =
Data Range
Number of class (K)
= Largest Number Smallest Number

K
= 94 41 = 8.8 9
6
Class
Counting Tally
Frequency (f)
40 48
1111 1111
10
49 57
1111 111
58 66
1111 111
67 75
1111 1111
76 84
1111 111
85 93
1111 11
94 102
Sum
= 51
Figure 1: Frequency Distribution Table on Number of Miles Travelled in a Week

40 48 49 57 58 66
Class
Frequency
10
67 -75
76 84 85 93
94 102
Total
51
(f)
b)
12
10
10
9
8
7
Frequency
2
1
0
Class
40 48
Figure 2:
49 57
58 66
67 -75
76 84
85 93
94 102
Histogram of frequency distribution table for number of miles tavelled in a week
c)
i)
Mean
= 11 + 22 + + k-1k-1+ kk = ii
_______________________________________
1 + 2 + + + k-1+ k
_______
( Formula 1.1)
Where I = 1,2,k
Lower boundary of a class =

(LB)
upper limit of
previous class
lower limit
of that class
_________________________________
2
LB
39 + 40
_______________
39.5
48.5
57.5
66.5
75.5
84.5
93.5
LB
48 + 49
_______________
2
LB
57 + 58
_______________
2
LB
66 + 67
_______________
2
LB
75+ 76
_______________
2
LB
84+ 85
_______________
2
LB
93 + 94
_______________
2
Upper boundary of a class =

(UB)
upper limit of
that class
lower limit
of next class
_________________________________
2
UB
48 + 49
_______________
48.5
57.5
66.5
75.5
84.5
93.5
102.5
UB
57 + 58
_______________
2
UB
66 + 67
_______________
2
UB
75 + 76
_______________
2
UB
84 + 85
_______________
2
UB
93 + 94
_______________
2
UB
102 + 103
_______________
2
Class mid-point
Lower Boundary
of that class
Upper Boundary
of that class
_________________________________
2
=
39.5 + 48.5
_______________
44
53
62
71
80
89
98
48.5 + 57.5
_______________
2
57.5 + 66.5
_______________
2
66.5 + 75.5
_______________
2
75.5 + 84.5
_______________
2
84.5 + 93.5
_______________
2
93.5 + 102.5
_______________
2
40 48
Lower
Boundary
39.3
Class
mid-point
44
Upper
Boundary
48.5
49 57
48.5
53
57.5
58 66
57.5
62
66.5
67 75
66.5
71
75.5
76 84
75.5
80
84.5
85 93
84.5
89
93.5
94 102
93.5
98
102.5
Class
Frequency (f)
10
= 51
By using Formula 1.1,
= 11 + 22 + + k-1k-1+ kk =
_______________________________________
1 + 2 + + + k-1+ k
ii
_______
Where I = 1,2,k
fx
Class
mid-point
()
Frequency (f)
40 48
44
10
(f multiplies )
440
49 57
53
424
58 66
62
496
67 75
71
639
76 84
80
640
85 93
89
623
94 102
98
98
Class
Sum
3360
= 3360
______
51
ii)
= 65.8 66 miles
Mode
Class mode is 40 48
LB = 39.5
C=9
B = 10 0 = 10
A = 10 8 = 2
x = LB + C
= 39.5 + 9
B
_____
B + A
10
______
10 + 2
= 39.5 + 7.5
= 47 miles
iii)
Median
=
LB + C
n+1
______ - FB
2
____________
m
M0 =
n+1 = 51+1 = 26
2
m = 8
LB = 57.5
C=9
FB = 18
= 57.5 + 9
26 - 18
_______
8
= 57.5 + 9
= 66.5 67 miles
QUESTION 2
a) Data Set for Smokers in ascending order
114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 134, 146
n=12
1 + 2 + + n =
____________________
1 i
n
n
114 + 116 + 118 +120 + 122 + 124 + 126 + 128 + 130 + 130 + 134 + 146
12
1508 = 125.66 126
12
Mod
Since number 130 occurs two times (the highest frequency) therefore the value of
mod is 130.
Median
= n+1 = 12+1 = 6.5
Thus the position of median is at the middle between 6th position and 7th position. The
observation at the 6th position is number 124, and the observation at 7th position is
number 126.
= 124 + 126
= 125 ( which is at the position 6.5)
Data Set for Non-Smokers in ascending order
108, 110, 112, 114, 114, 116, 116, 116, 126, 132, 134, 138
n=12
1 + 2 + + n =
____________________
1 i
n
n
=
108 + 110 + 112 + 114+ 114 + 116 + 116 + 116 + 126 + 132 + 134 + 138
12
1436 = 119.66 120
12
Mod
Since number 116 occurs three times (the highest frequency) therefore the value of
mod is 116.
Median
= n+1 = 12+1 = 6.5
Thus the position of meridian is at the middle between 6th position and 7th position.
The observation at the 6th position is number 116, and the observation at 7th position is
number 116.
= 116 + 116
= 116 (which is at the position of 6.5)
Comparison of skewness between data sets
Category
Mean
Mod
Median
Smokers
126
130
125
Non-Smokers
120
116
116
b) IQR = Q3 Q2
Qr = r (n + 1)
4
Q1 = 1 (12 + 1)
4
= 3.25 = 3 + 0.25
Q1 is at the position between 3rd and 4th and it is 0.25 above the 3rd position.
Q3 = 3 (12 + 1)
4
= 9.75
Q3 is at the position between 9th and 10th and it is 0.75 above the 9th position.
Data Set for Smokers in ascending order

114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 134, 146
Number at 3rd position = 118;
Number at4th position = 120;
Q1 = 118 + (0.25) (120-118) = 118.5
Q3 is at the position between 9th and 10th, and it is 0.75 above the 9th.
Number at 9th position =130
Number at 10th position = 130
Q3 = 130 + (0.75) (130-130) = 130
IQR =
Q3 Q1
= 130 118.5
= 11.5
IQR = Q3 Q2
Qr = r (n + 1)
4
Q1 = 1 (12 + 1)
4
= 3.25 = 3 + 0.25
Q3 = 3 (12 + 1)
4
= 9.75
Q3 is at the position between 9th and 10th and it is 0.75 above the 9th position.
Data Set for Non-Smokers in ascending order

108, 110, 112, 114, 114, 116, 116, 116, 126, 132, 134, 138
Number at 3rd position = 112;
Number at4th position = 114;
Q1 = 112 + (0.25) (114-112) = 112.5
Q3 is at the position between 9th and 10th, and it is 0.75 above the 9th.
Number at 9th position =126
Number at 10th position = 132
Q3 = 126 + (0.75) (132-126) = 130.5
IQR =
Q3 Q1
= 130.5 112.5
= 18.0

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ELEMENTARY STATISTICS SBST 1303

FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

SEMESTER SEPTEMBER 2012

IDENTITY CARD NO.

SABAH LEARNING CENTRE