Tutorial-1 Theoretical, Chemical and Biochemical Oxygen Demand

1. Wastewater generated from a glucose manufacturing factory is having 275 mg/L of glucose as organic contamination. Find the theoretical oxygen demand of the wastewater? 2. ixed li!uor from the aeration tan" of an activated sludge treatment #rocess has 17$$ mg/L micro%ial %iomass concentration. &f em#irical formula of the micro%ial %iomass is '($)*7+2,-12. find the theoretical oxygen demand of the mixed li!uor? /ssume nitrogen transforms into ammonical nitrogen and #hos#horus demands no oxygen.
a b ,c a ,c C n H a Ob N c + n + O2 nCO2 + H 2 O + cNH , 2 2 2 2 2

,. 0ffluent from a sta%ili1ation #ond system is having 2$ mg/L of algal cells. 0x#ress the algal cell concentration in terms of theoretical oxygen demand? 3a"e C1$( H 1*$O25 N1( P as the em#irical formula for the algal %iomass? /ssume nitrogen transforms into ammonical nitrogen and #hos#horus demands no oxygen. 2. Find -m, of methane #roduced from the anaero%ic sta%ili1ation of 1 "g of %acterial %iomass 4'($)*7+2,-12.5? /ssume 156 of the %acterial %iomass will %e left %ehind as cell de%ris and 176 of the %iomass utili1ed is used u# in the anaero%ic %io7oxidation #rocess including %iomass synthesis. &f '+2 level is ,56 find the -m, of %iogas generated? 0!uation of methane #roduction from organic matter is
a b ,d n a b ,d n a b ,d Cn H a Ob N d + n + H 2O + CH 2 + + + CO2 + dNH , 2 2 2 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 *

5. / wastewater treatment #lant is treating 25$ m,/hour flow of wastewater. 3he wastewater is having ,$$ mg/L of 8+95 at 2$:'; and the treatment is resulting in *56 removal of the 8+9. 0ach "g of 8+9 removed is #roducing $.(2 "g of secondary sludge. 'onsistency of the sludge is 16 and em#irical formula of the sludge is '($)*7+2,-12.. 3he secondary sludge is %elieved to have 156 non7 %iodegrada%le organic matter. 3he sludge is sta%ili1ed in an anaero%ic sludge digester. 176 of the %iodegrada%le sludge is not contri%uting to the %iogas #roduction. ethane content of the %iogas generated is (56. Find the daily volume and !uantity of sludge generated? Find the %iogas generation rate of the sludge digester?

Tutorial -2 (BOD and BOD kinetics)

(. / wastewater sam#le has %een tested to have 1$7 mg/L of 5 day 8+9 and 1,5 mg/L of * day 8+9 at 2$:'. Find out the 8+9 "inetics #arameters for the sam#le? /lso find out , day 8+9 of the sam#le at 27:'? 7. / industrial wastewater sam#le was tested for 5 day 8+9 at 2$:' after diluting %y 25 times. / %lan" was also run %ut with 7 times the seed added. <esults o%tained from the testing are as given %elow= >am#le 8lan" &nitial * *.2 Final 1.2 (.5 ?sing these results find out the sam#le@s 8+95 at 2$:'? *. results= 3ime 4days5 1 2 , 2 5 ( 8+9t 2$ 7$ ** 11$ 11A 12, / serial 8+9 test conducted on a sam#le for ( days gave the following

?sing the results of the serial 8+9 find out the 8+9 "inetics #arameters %y each of the following methods= ethod of least s!uares ethod of moments Log difference method Fugimoto method 9aily difference method <a#id ratio method 3homas method

Method of Least squares

Method of moments

Thomas Method

Method of Moments for BOD kinetic parameters

Tutorial-3 (Bar creens)

1. What is #ea"ing factor? &f the #resent #ea"ing factor and the design #ea"ing factor are ,.$ and 2.* res#ectively; and if the #resent average flow and the design average flows are 1$$$ m,/day and 15$$ m,/day res#ectively; find the #resent #ea" flow and the design #ea" flow? 2. Find width and slo#e of a rectangular channel carrying 1$$$ m,/hour flow at $.2 m/sec. velocity? Find what will %e the flow velocity and de#th of flow when the flow rates are ,$$ m,/hour and ,$$$ m,/hour res#ectively? ,. 9esign a %ar screen for the design #ea" flow of 125 m,/hour while assuming the following= a. 3hic"ness and de#th of %ars= ( mm and 5$ mm res#ectively %. &nclination angle of the screen= (5 from the hori1ontal c. >#acing %etween %ars= 12 mm d. Flow velocity in the a##roach channel= $.( m/sec e. /verage flow= 2$ m,/hour Find the flow velocity in the a##roach channel for average flow conditions 4assume average flow as 2$ m,/hour5? Find the flow rate through the screen when the flow velocity in the a##roach channel is $.2 m/sec.? Find flow velocity through the screen and head loss across the screen under the clean screen and the clogged screen conditions while assuming discharge coefficient as $.7 for clean screen and $.( for clogged screen? &ndicate the dro# you will #rovide at the %ar screen?

Tutorial-!
4Flow and/or >trength 0!uali1ation5
>ewage from a townshi# is showing the following flow and 8+95 at 2$:' over 22 hours of a day= Time o" the day $17$$ hr $27$$ hr $,7$$ hr $27$$ hr $57$$ hr $(7$$ hr $77$$ hr $*7$$ hr $A7$$ hr 1$7$$ hr 117$$ hr 127$$ hr 1,7$$ hr 127$$ hr 157$$ hr 1(7$$ hr 177$$ hr 1*7$$ hr 1A7$$ hr 2$7$$ hr 217$$ hr 227$$ hr 2,7$$ hr 227$$ hr #lo$ rate (m3%min&) *.2 *.$ 7.$ (.$ *.5 A.2 11.$ 12.* 1,.2 1,.$ 12.$ 12.2 1,.5 12.$ 1$.$ A.( 1$.2 11.$ 1$.$ *.$ *.5 A.$ *.* *.2 BOD' at 2()C (mg%*) 12$ 1,2 125 12$ 12$ 1($ 1(A 1A5 2$$ 21$ 25$ 27$ 1A$ 1*, 175 1(7 17$ 17( 15$ 1,$ 125 152 15$ 12,

Find the theoretical flow e!uali1ation volume? %y the method of net cumulative flow %y the method of cumulative inflow and cumulative outflow Find hourly 8+9 loads; and; when the residual volume of the e!uali1ation tan" is 2$6 of the theoretical e!uali1ation volume; find the hourly 8+9 loads in the e!uali1ed flow? &f the same si1e e!uali1ation tan" is used for only the strength e!uali1ation 4%ut not for the flow e!uali1ation5; find the hourly 8+9 loads in the outflow from the e!uali1ation tan"?

Tutorial-'-+rit cham,ers
1. Find terminal settling velocity of two #articles; one of $.21 mm si1e and the other of 1.$$ mm si1e; for 2.(5 and 1.$5 s#ecific gravities? 3a"e "inematic viscosity as 1.$$,x1$7( m2/sec. 4dynamic viscosity corres#onding to this is 1.$$,x1$7, -7s/m25. What will %e the terminal settling velocities of the #articles when laminar flow conditions and tur%ulent flow conditions are assumed? 2. <iver water with grit is %eing treated in a grit channel designed for 1$$6 removal of grit #articles of si1e $.21 mm. &f si1e distri%ution of the grit in the water is as given %elow; find out overall grit removal efficiency? >i1e 4mm5 #ercentage B$.$2 56 $.$2 to B$.$* A6 $.$* to B$.12 1(6 $.12 to B$.1( 2$6 $.1( to $.21 ,$6 C$.21 2$6

,. 9esign a hori1ontal flow grit channel 4for the removal of $.15 mm si1e grit #articles of 2.($ s#ecific gravity5 for the handling of 2$$ m,/hour average flow and 1$$ m,/hr #ea" flow? 9esign #ro#ortional weir at the control section? Find head loss occurring across the grit channel? /ssume de#th of flow as half the width of the channel under average flow conditions. 3a"e desired hori1ontal flow velocity as $., m/sec. for average flow and $.2 m/sec. for #ea" flow. 3a"e head loss at the control section as ,$72$6 of the de#th of the flow.

Stokes Law and terminal settling velocity of particle

Net force of the particle (ma) makes the particle to accelerate When drag force becomes equal to the net of gravity force and buoyant force, acceleration of the particle becomes zero and the particle settles at constant

velocity (terminal settling velocity)

Where

Where

For laminar flow

For turbulent flow

is 1. !"1
#$

%d value is .$ to .$& b is taken as 'channel (idth ) 1& mm*+

Proportional weir (Sutro weir)

Tutorial-6 (primary sedimentation tank)

>ewage with 21$ mg/L 8+95 at 2$' / and ,$$ mg/L 3>> is clarified in a #rimary sedimentation tan". the sewage flow rate is 225 m,/hr and the #rimary sedimentation tan" is designed for (56 3>> removal. 'larified sewage from the #rimary sedimentation tan" is re#orted to have 1,5 mg/L of 8+95 at 2$'. 0stimate the #rimary sludge generation rate 4%oth as "g/day and as m,/day5? /ssume 26 consistency for the #rimary sludge. 0stimate the %iodegrada%le fraction in the #rimary sludge generated? 3a"e 8+9 reaction rate constant as $.2/day for the raw sewage; and as $.1*/day for the clarified sewage. &f the #rimary sludge is sta%ili1ed in an anaero%ic sludge digester and *56 of the %iodegrada%le sludge is lost in the sta%ili1ation #rocess; estimate the %iogas generation rate of the anaero%ic digester 4in -m,/day5? 3he sta%ili1ation #rocess leading to %iogas generation is shown %y the following ex#ression=

a b ,d n a b ,d n a b ,d Cn H a Ob N d + n + H 2O + CH 2 + + + CO2 + dNH , 2 2 2 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 *

Tutorial -- (.naero,ic /ond)

/n anaero%ic #ond has %een #lanned for the treatment of sewage from a munici#al town. >ewage generation rate of the town is 125 m,/hour and com#osition of the wastewater is as given %elow= S.N o. 1 2. !. 6. &. $. =. Parameter ,-.& concentration (mg/0) 344 concentration (mg/0) 544 concentration (mg/0) ,iodegradable fraction of 544 9ecal coliform count (/1 m0) 3<N (mg/0) >mmonical nitrogen (mg/0) alue 11 21 1$ 7&8 2.2:; 7 22.7 16.7

1. 9esign the anaero%ic #ond and find the dimensions of the #ond 4to#; %ottom; mid water level and water surface level dimensions5? 3a"e side slo#e of the #ond as 1 in 1.5. 3a"e average am%ient air tem#erature for the coldest month as 17'.

2. Find the 8+9; 'oliform count; and 3D- content of the treated effluent of the anaero%ic #ond? /ssume 3>> in the treated effluent as ($ mg/L.

,. 9esign the inlet and outlet for the #ond? /ssume de#th of flow over the overflow weir of the out should %e B 2$ mm. /ssume flow velocity in the inlet should %e B$.2 m/sec.

2. 0stimate %iogas generation rate of the anaero%ic #ond?

5. 0stimate the sludge accumulation rate and find the fre!uency of cleaning re!uired? /ssume %ottom sludge consistency as A6.

Tem0& T ( oC) B1$ 1$72$ 2$725 C25

1olumetric *oading (g%m3 d) 1$$ 2$3 E 1$$ 1$3 F 1$$ ,5$

BOD remo2al (3) 2$ 23 F 2$ 23 F 2$ 7$

is ?@3 of anaerobic pond

q is weir loading rate in L/m.sec. h is depth of flow in mm

Tutorial -4 (5. B 6eactor, 5. B 0ond and .naero,ic Ba""led 6eactor)

>ewage generation rate of the town is 125 m,/hour and com#osition of the wastewater is as given %elow= S.N o. 1 2. !. 6. &. $. =. Parameter ,-.& concentration (mg/0) 344 concentration (mg/0) 544 concentration (mg/0) ,iodegradable fraction of 544 9ecal coliform count (/1 m0) 3<N (mg/0) >mmonical nitrogen (mg/0) alue 11 21 1$ 7&8 2.2:; 7 22.7 16.7

1. 9esign a ?/>8 reactor? /ssume the following for the design= /rea of influence of a distri%ution tu%e= , m2 ?#flow velocity in the reactor= $.7 m/hr. <eactor width= 7 m 9e#th of the reactor #ortion= ,.5 m 2. &f 8+9 removal efficiency is 7$6; find the sludge accumulation rate? /ssume 3>> in the treated effluent as 2$ mg/L. &f every time of desludging involves removal of 256 of the sludge accumulated in the reactor find the fre!uency is desludging re!uired? aximum de#th of the sludge allowed in the reactor is 1/,rd of the reactor de#th. /ssume sludge concentration in the sludge %lan"et and sludge %ed are 2$;$$$ mg/L and ($;$$$ mg/L. assume active %iosolids in the sludge %lan"et and the rest in the sludge %ed. /lso estimate relative !uantities of the sludge %ed and sludge %lan"et to %e wasted every time.

,. 0stimate %iogas generation rate?

2. 9esign a ?/>8 .ond for the wastewater to %e treated? /ssume 3>> in the treated effluent as ,$ mg/L. .rovide for one day storage of the %iogas.

5. 9esign an /naero%ic 8affled <eactor? 3a"e de#th reactor as 2 m and area of influence of a distri%ution #i#e is 1( m2. /ssume 3>> in the effluent as 2$ mg/L and 15 mg/L for the first and second cham%ers of the reactor. .rovide for one day storage of the %iogas generated. Find the fre!uency of desludging for the first cham%er and the second cham%er of the reactor.